Coding method, coding device, coding equipment, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a coding method, a coding device, coding equipment, a storage medium and a program product. The method comprises the following steps: performing first coding on a first information sequence to obtain a second information sequence; or, performing first coding on the first information sequence, and performing second coding on the second information sequence subjected to the first coding to obtain a third information sequence; the first information sequence is an information sequence after cyclic redundancy check (CRC) coding is added or added; wherein the first code is a tail biting convolutional code (TBCC) code or a head biting convolutional code (HBCC) code; and / or the second code is a Miller (Miller) code or a Manchester (Manchester) code.

Description

[0001] Divisional Explanation This application is a divisional application of Chinese Patent Application No. 202410805052.X, filed on June 20, 2024, entitled "Encoding Method, Decoding Method, Related Device and Equipment", the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to an encoding method, an encoding device, an encoding equipment, a storage medium and a program product. BACKGROUND

[0003] In a conventional cellular communication system, channel coding is generally used to improve the anti-noise performance of the cellular system and realize long-distance communication transmission. In a cellular passive object communication system, in order to realize the massive deployment of passive tags at low cost, the circuit structure of the passive tag is usually designed to be extremely simple. However, in the actual deployment environment, not only the channel adaptation capability of the uplink and downlink of the passive tag needs to be improved, but also the power consumption of the passive tag needs to be considered. Therefore, how to reduce the channel coding complexity of the uplink backhaul link of the passive tag is one of the key challenges in the design of the cellular passive object backhaul link system. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides an encoding method, an encoding device, an encoding equipment, a storage medium and a program product.

[0005] The technical solution of the present application is as follows: The present application provides an encoding method, which comprises the following steps: performing first encoding on a first information sequence to obtain a second information sequence; or performing first encoding on the first information sequence, and performing second encoding on the second information sequence after the first encoding to obtain a third information sequence; the first information sequence is an information sequence after adding or appending cyclic redundancy check (CRC) encoding; wherein the first encoding is tail-biting convolutional code (TBCC) encoding or head-biting convolutional code (HBCC) encoding; and / or the second encoding is Miller encoding or Manchester encoding.

[0006] In the above solution, the CRC encoding length is related to the bit number or bit length of the original information sequence.

[0007] In the above solution, the first register number used for the first encoding is 2, 3 or 6.

[0008] In the scheme, the method further comprises: outputting the modulated signal after modulating the second information sequence or the third information sequence.

[0009] In the scheme, the outputting the modulated signal after modulating the second information sequence or the third information sequence comprises: modulating the second information sequence or the third information sequence by using an on-off keying (OOK) or a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation mode, and outputting the modulated signal.

[0010] In the scheme, the CRC encoding is added in or after the information sequence.

[0011] In the scheme, the method is applied to a passive Internet of Things low-power device.

[0012] The embodiment of the present application further provides an encoding device, which comprises: an encoding unit, configured to: encode a first information sequence to obtain a second information sequence; or encode the first information sequence, and encode the second information sequence after the first encoding to obtain a third information sequence; the first information sequence is an information sequence after adding or appending CRC encoding; the first encoding is tail biting convolutional code (TBCC) encoding or head biting convolutional code (HBCC) encoding; and / or the second encoding is Miller encoding or Manchester encoding.

[0013] In the scheme, the device is applied to a passive Internet of Things low-power device.

[0014] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the program is executed by a processor to realize the steps of the encoding method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0015] The embodiment of the present application further provides an encoding device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor realizes the steps of the encoding method in the embodiment of the present application when executing the program.

[0016] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, which comprises computer program instructions, and the computer program instructions enable a computer to execute the steps of the encoding method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0017] The encoding method, the encoding device, the encoding equipment, the storage medium and the program product provided by the embodiment of the application obtain a second information sequence by performing first encoding on a first information sequence; or obtain a third information sequence by performing second encoding on the second information sequence after the first encoding is performed on the first information sequence; the first information sequence is an information sequence after CRC encoding is added or attached; wherein the first encoding is tail biting convolution code (TBCC) encoding or head biting convolution code (HBCC) encoding; and / or the second encoding is Miller encoding or Manchester encoding. In this way, the embodiment of the application proposes a first encoding mode of low complexity which is more suitable for cellular passive radio frequency identification (RFID, Radio Frequency Identification), uses convolution channel encoding to improve the anti-noise performance of the uplink of the cellular passive system, or uses a first encoding + second encoding cascade encoding mode to improve the anti-noise performance of the uplink of the cellular passive system by using convolution channel encoding, and fully retains the clock information of the code word by using Miller encoding or Manchester encoding rich rising and falling edges, thereby improving the encoding and decoding performance without increasing the decoding complexity, further improving the anti-interference performance, and expanding the single station communication distance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figures la to lc A schematic diagram of a conventional encoding mode of RFID; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a cellular passive system architecture of the embodiment of the application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a flow of the encoding method of the embodiment of the application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a device transmission in the encoding method of the embodiment of the application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a TBCC encoding principle in the encoding method of the embodiment of the application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a flow of the decoding method of the embodiment of the application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a device reception in the decoding method of the embodiment of the application; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of soft information calculation in the decoding method of the embodiment of the application; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a decoding flow in the decoding method of the embodiment of the application; Figure 10 A comparative schematic diagram of different encoding and decoding mode combinations; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the composition structure of the encoding device of the embodiment of the application; Figure 12 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a coding device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 13 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, for example, a Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system or a 5G system, etc. Optionally, the 5G system or 5G network can also be referred to as a New Radio (NR) system or NR network.

[0021] For example, the communication system to which the embodiments of the present application are applied can include a network device and a terminal device (also referred to as a terminal, a communication terminal, etc.); the network device can be a device communicating with the terminal device. The network device can provide communication coverage for a certain area and can communicate with terminals located in the area. Optionally, the network device can be a base station in each communication system, for example, an Evolutional Node B (eNB) in an LTE system, and for example, a base station (gNB) in a 5G system or an NR system.

[0022] It should be understood that the devices with communication functions in the network / system in the embodiments of the present application can be referred to as communication devices. The communication devices can include network devices and terminals with communication functions, and the network devices and terminal devices can be the specific devices described above, which will not be described here again; the communication devices can also include other devices in the communication system, such as network controllers, mobile management entities and other network entities, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0023] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably in this document. The term "and / or" in this document is only used to describe the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects.

[0024] The terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and in the claims of this application are used for distinguishing between similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the use of the term data herein is not to be construed as limiting, and that the embodiments of the application described herein are capable of functioning irrespective of the particular sequences or order of described or claimed steps. Moreover, the terms "comprise", "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises, has or includes a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements, but can include additional steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, system, article, or apparatus.

[0025] Before the encoding method and decoding method of the embodiments of the application are described in detail, some related technical solutions involved in the embodiments of the application are first described briefly.

[0026] To meet the massive connection demand of the Internet of Things, low-speed and ultra-low-speed Internet of Things has become a development trend. RFID, as a lightweight solution to meet the connection between things, has been widely used by the industry. However, due to the design limitations, the current use is limited to the local area network, and the effective communication distance between the reader and the tag is only tens of meters, which greatly limits the use of RFID. The passive RFID system based on the cellular network, with the strong communication capability of the base station, can extend the reading and writing distance to hundreds of meters, greatly expanding the use of RFID. In the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the expected communication distance of the cellular passive Internet of Things (A-IOT, also known as Ambient-IOT or Ambientpower-enabled IOT) technology is set to 30-50 meters indoors and about 200 meters outdoors, which is at least 3 times higher than the communication distance of RFID. To meet the application requirements of long-distance coverage, it is necessary to focus on the expansion of the backscatter communication distance and carry out key technology research on low-redundancy high-performance coding schemes.

[0027] RFID systems usually use linear coding. The reader to the tag uses Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE), and the tag to the reader uses FM0 encoding (also known as Bi-Phase Space Coding) or Miller encoding. Even if the coding code rate is as low as 1 / 16 code rate of Miller encoding, it still has limited improvement on the uplink transmission distance. It cannot resist interference in a long-distance wireless transmission environment, which greatly reduces the system communication quality. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the uplink coding scheme of the cellular passive Internet of Things system to meet the expected communication distance set by 3GPP.

[0028] In which, the FM0 encoding is to use level change to represent logic within a bit window. Specifically, if the level flips from the start of the bit window, it represents logic "1"; if the level flips in the middle of the bit window in addition to the start of the bit window, it represents logic "0", which can be referred to Figure la It is noted that, Figure la is only an example of FM0 encoding, and there are other level representations for data 0 and data 1, for example Figure la In which, logic "1" is represented by the level being continuously high within a time duration T, and in other examples, logic "1" can also be represented by the level being continuously low within a time duration T. For another example Figure la In which, logic "0" is represented by the level flipping from high to low within a time duration T, and in other examples, logic "0" can also be represented by the level flipping from low to high within a time duration T, which will not be described in detail here.

[0029] Miller encoding, also known as delay modulation code, is a variant of bi-phase code. The encoding rule is: the original symbol "1" code element starts without jump, and the center point appears jump to represent, that is, represented by 10 or 01. When the information code is connected "1", the following "1" is staggered coding; the "0" in the information code is coded as bipolar non-return-to-zero code "00" or "11", that is, the middle of the code element does not jump; when the information code is single "0", the front edge, middle time and trailing edge do not jump; when the information code is connected "0", the interval of two "0" code elements jumps. For details, please refer to Figure lb As shown in the figure. Among them, the subcarrier length (or transmission duration, period) N of each code element or bit is different, N can be 2, 4, 8, etc. In other embodiments, N can also take other values, which will not be described in detail here.

[0030] Manchester encoding represents binary 1 or 0 by level jump. Each code element uses two different phase level signals to represent, in which the phases of 0 code and 1 code are opposite. For details, please refer to Figure lc As shown in the figure.

[0031] There are two main architectures of the new passive Internet of Things communication system based on cellular: one is cellular direct connection, that is, the base station and the tag directly communicate, and the base station supports the functions of downlink signal excitation and uplink data reception; The second is the relay user equipment (UE, User Equipment) type, that is, the excitation signal is sent and the backscattering signal is received through the UE relay, such as Figure 2As shown in the figure, the exemplary tag is attached to the managed object (such as a person, an article, a vehicle, etc.); the read-write device sends instructions to the tag, and the tag sends the encoded information to the read-write device after receiving the signal energy; the read-write device receives the information fed back by the tag, interacts with the command, and demodulates the encoded information.

[0032] The conventional cellular system improves the information bit redundancy by channel coding the MAC (Media / Medium Access Control) layer transport block, to resist noise interference in the long-distance transmission channel and improve the reliability of the communication system. However, since the RFID system itself is a lightweight communication, the tag is a lightweight terminal in terms of power consumption and computing power, and cannot simply reuse the coding and decoding mode of the existing communication terminal. Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the design of coding and decoding under the premise of ensuring the anti-interference performance, to reduce the encoding power consumption of the tag sending end, to complete the channel coding and decoding without increasing too much system redundancy, to improve the error correction capability to further increase the communication transmission distance, and thus it is necessary to study the new channel coding technology under the passive Internet of Things in the cellular system.

[0033] The conventional Miller code contains rich clock information and has good anti-interference ability, and thus is the preferred code type for the RFID system to perform uplink data communication. In addition, the Manchester code contains the clock and data in the data stream, and transmits the clock synchronization signal to the opposite end at the same time of transmitting the code information, and has a transition in each bit encoding, and has a self-synchronization ability. The conventional channel coding mode does not contain the clock information between the code words, which is not conducive to synchronization. Therefore, the embodiment of the application introduces the forward error correction coding scheme commonly used in the cellular system, studies the convolutional code coding scheme, or the cascade coding mode of the low-complexity TBCC / HBCC+Miller coding / Manchester coding, to improve the anti-noise performance of the backhaul link of the cellular passive Internet of Things.

[0034] The embodiment of the application provides an encoding method. Figure 3 The flowchart of the encoding method of the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure, and the method comprises the following steps. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the method comprises the following steps. Step 101: The first device performs first encoding on the first information sequence to obtain a second information sequence; or performs first encoding on the first information sequence, and performs second encoding on the second information sequence after the first encoding to obtain a third information sequence; wherein the first encoding is TBCC (Tail-Biting Convolutional Code) encoding or HBCC (Head-Biting Convolutional Code) encoding; and / or the second encoding is Miller encoding or Manchester encoding.

[0035] In the embodiment, the first device is an information sending end. In a passive RFID system (or a cellular passive RFID system), the first device can be a tag; in other communication systems, the first device can also be other lightweight terminals, thereby reducing the encoding power consumption of the sending end.

[0036] In the uplink of the cellular passive RFID system, since the passive tag transmits in short code and is passive, the encoding complexity of the tag encoding needs to be reduced to reduce the energy consumption and improve the antenna transmission power, thereby improving the overall receiving performance of the system. The error rate performance of TBCC encoding or HBCC encoding is excellent under the condition of short code and low code rate (usually the information bit length is shorter than 256 bits), and the encoding and decoding complexity is lower than that of polar code. Therefore, considering the power consumption, TBCC or HBCC channel encoding technology is used to meet the encoding requirements of the passive tag and to improve the anti-interference performance of the uplink.

[0037] In the embodiment, the first device encodes the first information sequence by using convolution channel encoding to improve the anti-noise performance of the uplink of the cellular passive system; or the first device encodes the first information sequence by using first encoding + second encoding cascade encoding to improve the anti-noise performance of the uplink of the cellular passive system. Miller encoding or Manchester encoding is used to enrich the rising edge and falling edge, fully retain the clock information of the code word, improve the encoding and decoding performance, and further improve the anti-interference performance without increasing the decoding complexity, thereby expanding the single station communication distance.

[0038] In the embodiment, the first information sequence is an information sequence to be encoded by using first encoding or first encoding + second encoding cascade encoding. For example, the first information sequence can be an original information sequence, or can be an information sequence encoded by using another encoding technology on the original information sequence, or can be an information sequence processed from the original information sequence, for example, adding other bits to the original information sequence. It can be understood that the second information sequence is an information sequence encoded by using first encoding on the first information sequence, and the third information sequence is an information sequence encoded by using first encoding + second encoding cascade encoding on the first information sequence.

[0039] In the embodiment, the first encoding is tail biting convolution code (TBCC) encoding or head biting convolution code (HBCC) encoding; and the second encoding is Miller encoding or Manchester encoding. It can be understood that, in the case of the first encoding + second encoding cascaded encoding mode, the first device can first encode the first information sequence by TBCC, and then encode the TBCC-encoded information sequence by Miller encoding to obtain a third information sequence, or the first device can first encode the first information sequence by TBCC, and then encode the TBCC-encoded information sequence by Manchester encoding to obtain a third information sequence, or the first device can first encode the first information sequence by HBCC, and then encode the HBCC-encoded information sequence by Miller encoding to obtain a third information sequence, or the first device can first encode the first information sequence by HBCC, and then encode the HBCC-encoded information sequence by Manchester encoding to obtain a third information sequence.

[0040] In some optional embodiments, the number of the first registers used for the first encoding is 2, 3 or 6.

[0041] It should be noted that the TBCC / HBCC encoding and decoding complexity is related to the number of registers, and the more the number of registers, the higher the encoding and decoding complexity.

[0042] In the conventional technical solution, the number of the first registers used for the first encoding is 6. In the embodiment of the present application, the number of the first registers can also be 2 or 3. In combination with the characteristics of TBCC / HBCC encoding, the embodiment of the present application further reduces the power consumption by reducing the number of the first registers, and the power consumption can be reduced to one third of the number of registers of long term evolution (LTE) convolution code at the lowest, so as to reduce the encoding energy consumption of the passive tag.

[0043] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the first information sequence is an information sequence after adding cyclic redundancy check (CRC) encoding or an original information sequence.

[0044] In the embodiment, the first information sequence can be an information sequence obtained by performing CRC encoding on an original information sequence. Specifically, the information sequence is CRC encoded, and a check bit for CRC is added in or after the information sequence to obtain the first information sequence.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first device can determine whether to perform CRC encoding on the information sequence to obtain the first information sequence according to the content or type of the information sequence. As an example, the first device can determine whether to perform CRC encoding on the information sequence according to whether the message to be fed back contains specific information content. If the message to be fed back contains specific information content, such as sensing information, it is determined that CRC encoding is performed on the information sequence. If the message to be fed back does not contain specific information content, such as sensing information, it is determined that CRC encoding is not performed on the information sequence. As another example, the first device can determine whether to perform CRC encoding on the information sequence according to the type of the message to be fed back. If the message to be fed back is an EPC, it is determined that CRC encoding is performed on the information sequence. If the message to be fed back is an RN16, it is determined that CRC encoding is not performed on the information sequence. For the case that the first information sequence is a CRC-encoded information sequence, the receiving end (such as the second device) can use CRC check information to prune incorrect decoding paths, effectively improving coding gain.

[0046] In some optional embodiments, the CRC encoding is an error correction encoding. Since the code word polynomial c(x) of the cyclic code can be divided by the CRC generation polynomial g(x), if y(x) received by the receiving end cannot be divided by g(x), it can be indicated that there is an error bit in y(x) received by the receiving end.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, the CRC encoding length and / or the CRC generation polynomial are associated with the TBCC generation polynomial or the HBCC generation polynomial.

[0048] In this embodiment, considering that the larger the CRC encoding length is, the higher the decoding complexity is, a suitable CRC encoding length and / or CRC generation polynomial is selected according to different TBCC generation polynomials or HBCC generation polynomials (and can also be combined with the bit length of the original information sequence). In actual application, the corresponding CRC encoding length and / or CRC generation polynomial can be determined by simulation in a manner of determining different TBCC generation polynomials or HBCC generation polynomials.

[0049] In some optional embodiments, the TBCC / HBCC generating polynomial g and the CRC generating polynomial have an optimal combination, the constraint length N of the convolution code (CC) and the CRC encoding length m achieve the same effect, and the constraint length of the CC code (without CRC encoding) is N+m, and the performance is close, and the complexity is much higher. Different terminal capabilities are designed for multiple sets of combinations to meet the actual system requirements. For example, considering that the CRC encoding length m is 5, 6 or 16, if the TBCC / HBCC generating polynomial is g=[5, 7] or g=[13, 17], when the CRC encoding length m is 6, the CRC polynomial is [110111]; when the CRC encoding length m is 16, the CRC polynomial is [100010001111].

[0050] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the method further comprises: the first device modulating the second information sequence or the third information sequence and outputting a modulated signal.

[0051] In this embodiment, considering the low-power consumption characteristics of the passive tag, the first device can use on-off keying (OOK) or binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation to modulate the encoded information sequence and output a modulated signal. In other optional embodiments, the first device can also use other modulation methods to modulate the second information sequence, which is not described in detail in this embodiment. In some optional embodiments, in the case where the first device only uses the first encoding to obtain the second information sequence from the first information sequence, the first device can modulate the second information sequence and output a modulated signal. In other optional embodiments, in the case where the first device uses first encoding + second encoding cascade encoding to obtain the third information sequence from the first information sequence, the first device can modulate the third information sequence and output a modulated signal.

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a device for the encoding method of an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 1. Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1, the method can include: Step 1: After generating a bit or a bit sequence, the first device can perform CRC encoding to generate a CRC check code added to the initially generated bit sequence to obtain a first bit sequence. Since the code word polynomial c(x) of the cyclic code can be divided by the CRC generating polynomial g(x), if the received y(x) at the receiving end cannot be divided by g(x), it can be indicated that the received y(x) at the receiving end has an error bit.

[0053] It should be noted that in step one, CRC encoding is an optional step. Alternatively, the generated bits or bit sequences can be directly encoded using TBCC / HBCC. This will not be elaborated on here.

[0054] Step 2: Perform TBCC / HBCC encoding on the first bit sequence. Taking TBCC encoding as an example, the initial state of the registers is pre-encoded during TBCC encoding. This means that before encoding, the last v bits of the bit sequence are stored in v shift registers, so that the registers return to their initial state after encoding. This eliminates the need for the appended tail-zero bits, reducing code rate loss and improving communication efficiency. The improvement in code rate loss has the same effect as truncation, but compared to truncation, the receiver can receive all relevant information, resulting in higher decoding accuracy. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 As shown.

[0055] Taking HBCC encoding as an example, HBCC encoding initializes the register's initial state. Before encoding, the first v bits of the bit sequence are input into the register to initialize its state, and then convolutional encoding is performed. After all codewords are completed, the first bit is appended to the end of the codeword for input. Since HBCC does not require buffering the complete information sequence, but only requires the number of bits in the register to start encoding, HBCC encoding can further reduce the overall encoding latency, improve the timeliness of encoding, and reduce the response time required for the tag.

[0056] Step 3: Perform Miller encoding on the bit sequence obtained from Step 2 using TBCC or HBCC encoding to obtain the second bit sequence. Specifically, the rules for Miller encoding include: when the data in the bit sequence is "1", use 01 or 10 to represent it; when the data is "0", use 00 and 11 alternately to represent it.

[0057] It should be noted that step three can also use Manchester encoding to obtain the second information sequence. Specifically, the Manchester encoding rules include: each bit has a transition in the middle, and the transition in the middle of the bit serves as both a clock signal and a data signal; a transition from low to high represents "0", and a transition from high to low represents "1".

[0058] Step 4: Modulation. The second bit sequence is modulated using OOK or BPSK modulation methods. Further processing, such as shaping filters or oversampling, can be applied to the modulated signal before finally transmitting it via a radio frequency (RF) antenna.

[0059] Based on the above embodiments, this invention also provides a decoding method. Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown below. Figure 6As shown, the method includes: Step 201: The second device obtains the soft information corresponding to each information bit in the fourth information sequence, performs a first decoding on the soft information of each information bit in the fourth information sequence, and obtains a decoding result; wherein, the first decoding is TBCC decoding or HBCC decoding.

[0060] In this embodiment, the second device is an information receiving end. In a passive RFID system (or a cellular passive RFID system), the second device can be a reader / writer or a receiver, or it can be something like... Figure 2 The central node is shown.

[0061] In this embodiment, the fourth information sequence can be an information sequence to be decoded. For example, it can be an information sequence obtained by encoding the information sequence by the tag in the uplink of a cellular passive RFID system.

[0062] In some optional embodiments, the fourth information sequence is an information sequence obtained by performing a first encoding on the fifth information sequence followed by a second encoding; wherein the first encoding is TBCC encoding or HBCC encoding; and / or, the second encoding is Miller encoding or Manchester encoding.

[0063] In this embodiment, the information sending end (such as the first device) can process the information sequence using a first encoding + second encoding concatenation encoding method. Then, the fourth information sequence is the information sequence obtained by performing the first encoding on the fifth information sequence and then performing the second encoding.

[0064] In other alternative embodiments, the information sending end (such as the first device) may process the information sequence using only the first encoding method. In this case, the fourth information sequence is the information sequence obtained after the fifth information sequence is encoded using the first encoding method. Then, after receiving the fourth information sequence, the second device can directly perform the first decoding on the fourth information sequence to obtain the decoding result.

[0065] In some alternative embodiments, the fifth information sequence is an information sequence with added CRC encoding or the original information sequence.

[0066] In this embodiment, the fifth information sequence can be an information sequence obtained by CRC encoding the original information sequence. Specifically, the information sequence is CRC encoded, and check bits for CRC are added to or after the information sequence to obtain the fifth information sequence.

[0067] In this embodiment, the information sending end (such as the first device) can determine whether to perform CRC encoding on the information sequence to obtain the first information sequence based on the content or type of the information sequence. As an example, the first device can decide whether to perform CRC encoding on the information sequence based on whether the message to be fed back contains specific information content. If the message to be fed back contains specific information content, such as sensor information, then CRC encoding is performed on the information sequence; if the message to be fed back does not contain specific information content, such as sensor information, then CRC encoding is not performed on the information sequence. As another example, the first device can decide whether to perform CRC encoding on the information sequence based on the type of the message to be fed back. If the message to be fed back is EPC, then CRC encoding is performed on the information sequence; if the message to be fed back is RN16, then CRC encoding is not performed on the information sequence. For the case where the fourth information sequence is an information sequence with added CRC encoding, the receiving end (such as the second device) can use CRC check information to trim incorrect decoding paths, effectively improving the encoding gain.

[0068] In this embodiment, the second device, acting as the information receiver, performs a first decoding on the received fourth information sequence. This first decoding is the reverse process of encoding performed by the first device, acting as the information sender. It can be understood that the number of second registers used by the second device during the first decoding process is the same as the number of first registers used by the first device during the encoding process of the information sequence.

[0069] In some alternative embodiments, the first decoding is TBCC decoding or HBCC decoding. In this embodiment, a Viterbi decoder may be used for the first decoding.

[0070] In some optional embodiments, after the transmitting end (such as the first device) obtains the second information sequence through the first encoding method, or obtains the third information sequence through the first encoding + the second encoding, it can further modulate the second or third information sequence to obtain a modulated signal, thereby transmitting the modulated signal. Correspondingly, after receiving the modulated signal, the second device, as the receiving end, demodulates the modulated signal to obtain the fourth information sequence. It can be understood that the fourth information sequence is obtained by the second device after demodulating the received modulated signal.

[0071] In this embodiment, after the transmitting end uses concatenated encoding of the first code + the second code, the receiving end originally needed to perform the second decoding (Miller decoding or Manchester decoding) first, and then perform the first decoding on the result of the second decoding. Taking Miller decoding as an example, the Miller decoding rule is: if there is no phase polarity change in each backscatter-link frequency (BLF), the decoding is "0"; if there is a phase polarity change, the decoding is "1". Considering that after TBCC / HBCC-Miller concatenated encoding, the amplitude and polarity of the codewords change when the receiving end performs Miller decoding, it cannot be mapped to Viterbi decoding and cannot be output to the TBCC / HBCC decoding module for bit decision. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention designs a new soft value calculation rule to jointly optimize and update the soft information calculation. Based on this, this embodiment of the invention adopts a new soft information calculation rule, calculates the soft information of each piece of information, and then performs TBCC decoding or HBCC decoding on the fourth information sequence based on the soft information of each piece of information to obtain the decoding result.

[0072] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a device receiving data in the decoding method of this invention; as shown. Figure 7 As shown, the method includes: Step 1: Demodulation. The second device receives the OOK or BPSK modulated signal. This modulated signal is affected by noise, which is eliminated by a low-pass filter after demodulation. It can be understood that after passing through... Figure 7 After the downsampling / shaping filtering, DC removal, preamble detection, symbol synchronization, and subcarrier removal operations shown, the second device obtains the fourth information sequence.

[0073] Step 2: Calculation of soft information update.

[0074] In this embodiment, the soft information is a multi-level quantization value used as input to the TBCC / HBCC decoder, rather than the two-level quantization value of 0 / 1 used in conventional schemes. The TBCC / HBCC decoder has both soft-decision and hard-decision methods. The path metric of the soft-decision decoding algorithm uses "soft distance" instead of Hamming distance, which has better performance than hard-decision decoding. Because this embodiment uses a second encoding (Miller encoding or Manchester encoding) in the encoding stage, the calculation method of the soft information differs from common schemes. Since the amplitude and polarity of the codeword change during Miller decoding, it cannot be mapped to Viterbi decoding. Therefore, the output of the demodulator is updated with soft information before being output to the TBCC / HBCC decoding module, which uses a Viterbi decoder for decoding. As the initial input to the Viterbi decoder, Viterbi decoding without specifying an initial state is performed. The paths are sorted from largest to smallest by cumulative state metric, and the path with the largest cumulative state metric that conforms to the TBCC / HBCC encoding structure is found.

[0075] In some optional embodiments, the second device obtains soft information corresponding to each information bit in the fourth information sequence, including: the second device obtains initial soft information for each information bit in the fourth information sequence; determines a threshold value based on the initial soft information for each information bit; and determines the soft information for each information bit based on the threshold value and the initial soft information for each information bit.

[0076] In this embodiment, the second device first determines the initial soft information of each information bit; then it determines a threshold value based on the initial soft information of all information bits, and adjusts the initial soft information of each information bit according to the threshold value to obtain the soft information of each information bit.

[0077] In some optional embodiments, the second device obtains initial soft information for each information bit in the fourth information sequence, including: the second device obtaining first information within a first length and second information within a second length for each information bit in the fourth information sequence; the first length and the second length constitute the transmission duration for each information bit; the first information represents the soft information of each information bit within the first length, and the second information represents the soft information of each information bit within the second length; and initial soft information is determined based on the first information and the second information.

[0078] In this embodiment, the first length and the second length constitute the transmission duration or transmission period for each information bit, or it can also be referred to as the subcarrier length corresponding to each information bit. As an example, the first length for an information bit can be the first half of the transmission duration or the first half of the subcarrier length for that information bit, and the second length for an information bit can be the second half of the transmission duration or the second half of the subcarrier length for that information bit. Alternatively, the first length can be for the second half of the transmission duration or the second half of the subcarrier length, and the second length can be for the first half of the transmission duration or the first half of the subcarrier length; this embodiment does not impose any limitations.

[0079] In this embodiment, the first information can be used as soft information for each information bit within a first length, and the second information can be used as soft information for each information bit within a second length. If the first length is the first half of the duration or the first half of the subcarrier length, and the second length is the second half of the duration or the second half of the subcarrier length, then the initial soft information for each information bit can be obtained by subtracting the first information from the second information.

[0080] In some optional embodiments, the first information and / or the second information are related to the transmission duration or subcarrier length N of each information bit and the number of information M to be decoded. In some optional embodiments, if no transition or phase polarity reversal occurs at the midpoint of the transmission period of the information bit, the first information and / or the second information can be obtained by N*M. In other optional embodiments, if a transition or phase polarity reversal occurs at the midpoint of the transmission period of the information bit, the first information and / or the second information can be obtained by (-N*M).

[0081] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the soft information calculation in the decoding method of this invention; as shown. Figure 8 As shown, assuming the codeword "01 0" is encoded by Miller8 (N=8), the receiving end contains a total of M (M=3) 0 / 1 bits of information to be decoded.

[0082] The soft information for each information bit is calculated separately for the first and second halves of its duration. For the first bit 0, the soft information for the first half of the duration is A = N*M, and the soft information for the second half of the duration is B = N*M. Therefore, the initial soft information for the first bit 0 is N1 = AB = 0. For the second bit 1, the soft information for the first half of the duration is C = -N*M, and the soft information for the second half of the duration is D = N*M. Therefore, the initial soft information for the second bit 0 is N2 = CD = -2*N*M. This process is repeated for each bit to obtain its initial soft information. See [reference needed] for details. Figure 8 As shown.

[0083] In some optional embodiments, determining the threshold value based on the initial soft information of each information bit includes: taking the absolute value of the initial soft information of each information bit, determining the maximum and minimum values ​​among the absolute values, taking the average value of the maximum and minimum values, and using the average value as the threshold value.

[0084] In this embodiment, the second device counts the absolute value of the initial soft information for each information bit. The absolute value of the initial soft information can be represented as abs(N1), abs(N2), ..., abs(NM); abs represents taking the absolute value.

[0085] In this embodiment of the invention, the peak-to-average method can be used to update the threshold value. Specifically, the peak-to-average method can be expressed as: Th=(max(abs(N1),abs(N2),abs(N3),…,abs(NM))+min(abs(N1),abs(N2),abs(N3),…,abs(NM))) / 2 Where max(abs(N1),abs(N2),abs(N3),…,abs(NM)) represents the maximum value after taking the absolute value of all initial soft information; min(abs(N1),abs(N2),abs(N3),…,abs(NM)) represents the minimum value after taking the absolute value of all initial soft information; Th represents the threshold value.

[0086] In some optional embodiments, determining the soft information of each information bit based on the threshold value and the initial soft information of each information bit includes: subtracting the absolute value of the threshold value from the absolute value of the initial soft information of each information bit to obtain the soft information of each information bit.

[0087] In this embodiment, the soft information of each information bit or bit is obtained by subtracting the absolute value of the initial soft information of each information bit from the obtained threshold value. For example, the soft information of each information bit can be represented as: Th - abs(Ni); where Th represents the threshold value, and abs(Ni) represents the absolute value of the initial soft information of the i-th information bit. This allows the soft information of the i-th information bit to be obtained for bit decision by the TBCC / HBCC decoding module.

[0088] In some optional embodiments, when the fifth information sequence is an information sequence with added CRC encoding, the first decoding of the soft information of each information bit in the fourth information sequence to obtain a decoding result includes: the second device performing a first decoding of the soft information of each information bit in the fourth information sequence to determine at least one decoding path, wherein the end state of the at least one decoding path corresponds to at least one state of the second register of the first decoding; determining the CRC check result of each decoding path based on the at least one decoding path; determining the first decoding path whose CRC check result is a passed check, and obtaining a decoding result based on the first decoding path.

[0089] In some optional embodiments, if the fourth information sequence is an information sequence obtained by first encoding the fifth information sequence, and the fifth information sequence is an information sequence with added CRC encoding, then the second device performs a first decoding on the fourth information sequence to determine at least one decoding path. The end state of the at least one decoding path corresponds to at least one state of the second register of the first decoding. Based on the at least one decoding path, the CRC check result of each decoding path is determined. The first decoding path with the CRC check result is determined to be the first decoding path that has passed the check, and the decoding result is obtained based on the first decoding path.

[0090] In this embodiment, depending on the encoding method of the information sending end, for the information sequence encoded using only the first encoding method, the second device can perform a first decoding on the demodulated information sequence to obtain a decoding result; for the information sequence encoded using the concatenated encoding of the first encoding and the second encoding, the second device uses the above method to determine the soft information of each information bit, and then performs a first decoding on the soft information corresponding to each information bit in the information sequence to obtain a decoding result.

[0091] In this embodiment, during the first decoding of the fourth information sequence, the second device can specify the end state of the generated decoding path as the state of a specified register, that is, the end state of the at least one decoding path corresponds one-to-one with the state of the second register of the first decoding.

[0092] In this embodiment, the decoding result includes the decoding result obtained based on at least one decoding path. Determining the CRC check result of each decoding path can be achieved by performing a CRC check on each decoding path to obtain a CRC check result; determining whether the decoding result passes the CRC check. If the first decoding path passes the CRC check, the decoding result corresponding to the first decoding path can be determined as the final decoding result.

[0093] In some optional embodiments, determining the CRC check result of each decoding path based on the at least one decoding path includes: performing a CRC check on the third decoding path when there is at least one second decoding path in the at least one decoding path and a third decoding path in the at least one second decoding path; and determining the CRC check result of the decoding result when the third decoding path passes the CRC check, wherein the CRC check result indicates that the decoding result passes the CRC check; wherein the second decoding path is the decoding path whose initial state and the ending state are the same, and the third decoding path is the decoding path with the largest cumulative state metric among the at least one decoding path.

[0094] It is understandable that, when the third decoding path passes CRC verification, the accuracy of the decoding result corresponding to the third decoding path is relatively high.

[0095] Specifically, the second decoding path is a decoding path whose initial state and ending state are the same, equivalent to a decoding path conforming to the TBCC / HBCC encoding structure. The initial state is the decoding path state before register decoding, and the ending state is the decoding path state after register decoding. The cumulative state metric is the cumulative state metric corresponding to each decoding path obtained during the first decoding process of the information sequence, and can be used to characterize the reliability of the path. Typically, the cumulative state metric for Viterbi decoding uses Euclidean distance accumulation.

[0096] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a decoding process in the decoding method of this invention; as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment employs a first encoding + second encoding concatenated encoding method for the information transmitting end. The second device, acting as the receiving end, receives the BPSK modulated waveform from the channel and performs BPSK demodulation on the BPSK modulated waveform to obtain the information sequence. Based on the demodulated information sequence, the soft information of each information bit is determined. Since the BPSK modulated waveform is affected by noise signals, a low-pass filter can be used to eliminate the noise after demodulation. The soft information of each information bit in the information sequence is then subjected to parallel List Biterbi decoding. If the decoding result passes the CRC check, the corresponding decoded value is output. If the decoding result fails the CRC check, it is determined whether the parameter L of the parallel List Biterbi decoding is equal to a preset limit value. If L is not equal to the preset limit value, L is modified to the limit value, and decoding is performed again. If L is equal to the preset limit value, a retransmission of the demodulated signal is requested, and the current decoding algorithm ends.

[0097] Figure 10A comparative diagram showing different combinations of encoding and decoding methods; such as Figure 10 As shown, simulation parameters for reducing the number of registers by concatenating TBCC and CRC encodings are set as follows: information bit length is 112, CRC encoding length is 6, CRC generator polynomial is [110111], total code rate is 1 / 2, TBCC encoding uses a constraint length of 3 (2 shift registers), and TBCC generator polynomials are [5,7]; or, TBCC encoding uses a constraint length of 4 (3 shift registers), and TBCC generator polynomials are [13,17]. The optimal combination of CRC and TBCC generator polynomials can be obtained through prior searching. Simulation curves can be referenced. Figure 10 As shown.

[0098] Simulation results: Under OOK modulation, the Miller8+TBCC encoding scheme outperforms the Miller8 scheme by 4.2dB performance gain; under BPSK modulation, the TBCC encoding scheme (constraint length of 4 (number of shift registers of 3), TBCC generator polynomial of [13,17]) outperforms the Miller8 scheme by approximately 3dB performance gain; under BPSK modulation, the TBCC encoding scheme (constraint length of 3 (number of shift registers of 2), TBCC generator polynomial of [5,7]) outperforms the Miller8 scheme by approximately 2.7dB performance gain.

[0099] TBCC's noise immunity is significantly better than that of Miller8, which is used in existing RFID systems with a code rate as low as 1 / 16, and can greatly improve the uplink noise immunity of cellular passive IoT systems.

[0100] Considering the low-power design of the tags, and given that the encoding and decoding complexity of convolutional codes is related to the number of registers, a simplified design to reduce the number of registers in convolutional coding is considered. 3GPP uses a 6-bit register and employs an encoding and decoding method combining CRC and TBCC. Compared to direct TBCC encoding, this reduces the number of registers to as low as 1 / 3 of the number of registers in LTE convolutional codes (2-bit registers), further reducing tag encoding power consumption, adapting to tag capabilities, and using CRC to verify the decoding path, mitigating the interference performance loss caused by reducing the number of registers. Furthermore, TBCC / HBCC and Miller / Manchester codes are concatenated for encoding, preserving the rich clock information of Miller / Manchester codes for synchronization, while further improving the interference resistance of the cellular passive communication system and extending the communication range of a single station.

[0101] Based on the above embodiments, this invention also provides an encoding device, which is applied to a first device. Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the encoding device according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown below. Figure 11 As shown, the apparatus includes: an encoding unit 31, configured to perform a first encoding on a first information sequence to obtain a second information sequence; or, to perform a first encoding on the first information sequence and a second encoding on the second information sequence after the first encoding to obtain a third information sequence; wherein the first encoding is TBCC encoding or HBCC encoding; and / or, the second encoding is Miller encoding or Manchester encoding.

[0102] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the first information sequence is an information sequence with added CRC encoding or the original information sequence.

[0103] In some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the CRC encoding length and / or CRC generator polynomial are associated with the TBCC generator polynomial or the HBCC generator polynomial.

[0104] In some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the number of first registers used for the first encoding is 2, 3 or 6.

[0105] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the device further includes a communication unit 32 for modulating the second information sequence or the third information sequence and then outputting a modulated signal.

[0106] In this embodiment of the invention, the encoding unit 31 in the device can be implemented by a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) in practical applications; the communication unit 32 in the device can be implemented by a communication module (including: basic communication kit, operating system, communication module, standardized interface and protocol, etc.) and a transceiver antenna in practical applications.

[0107] It should be noted that the encoding device provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above program modules. In practical applications, the above processing can be assigned to different program modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different program modules to complete all or part of the processing described above. In addition, the encoding device and encoding method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and their specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0108] This invention also provides an encoding device, which is applied to a second device.Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the decoding device according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown below. Figure 12 As shown, the device includes: a decoding unit 41, used to obtain soft information corresponding to each information bit in the fourth information sequence, and to perform a first decoding on the soft information of each information bit in the fourth information sequence to obtain a decoding result; wherein, the first decoding is TBCC decoding or HBCC decoding.

[0109] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the decoding unit 41 is configured to obtain the initial soft information of each information bit in the fourth information sequence; determine a threshold value based on the initial soft information of each information bit; and determine the soft information of each information bit based on the threshold value and the initial soft information of each information bit.

[0110] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the decoding unit 41 is configured to obtain first information within a first length and second information within a second length for each information bit in the third information sequence; the first length and the second length constitute the transmission duration of each information bit; the first information represents the soft information of each information bit within the first length, and the second information represents the soft information of each information bit within the second length; and initial soft information is determined based on the first information and the second information.

[0111] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the decoding unit 41 is used to take the absolute value of the initial soft information of each information bit, determine the maximum and minimum values ​​among the absolute values, take the average value of the maximum and minimum values, and use the average value as the threshold value.

[0112] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the decoding unit 41 is used to subtract the threshold value from the absolute value of the initial soft information of each information bit to obtain the soft information of each information bit.

[0113] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the fourth information sequence is an information sequence obtained by performing a first encoding on the fifth information sequence and then performing a second encoding; wherein, the first encoding is TBCC encoding or HBCC encoding; and / or, the second encoding is Miller encoding or Manchester encoding.

[0114] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the fifth information sequence is an information sequence after adding cyclic redundancy check (CRC) encoding or the original information sequence.

[0115] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, when the fifth information sequence is an information sequence after adding cyclic redundancy check (CRC) encoding, the decoding unit 41 is used to perform a first decoding on the soft information of each information bit in the fourth information sequence, determine at least one decoding path, the end state of the at least one decoding path corresponds to at least one state of the second register of the first decoding; determine the CRC check result of each decoding path according to the at least one decoding path; determine the first decoding path that has passed the CRC check result, and obtain the decoding result based on the first decoding path.

[0116] In this embodiment of the invention, the decoding unit 41 in the device can be implemented by a CPU, DSP, MCU or FPGA in practical applications.

[0117] It should be noted that the decoding device provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above program modules. In practical applications, the above processing can be assigned to different program modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different program modules to complete all or part of the processing described above. In addition, the decoding device and decoding method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and their specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0118] This invention also provides a device, which is either a first device or a second device. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware composition structure of the device according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 13 As shown, the device includes a memory 52, a processor 51, and a computer program stored in the memory 52 and executable on the processor 51. When the processor 51 executes the program, it implements the steps of the encoding method of the present invention applied to the first device, or the processor 51 implements the steps of the decoding method of the present invention applied to the second device.

[0119] Optionally, the device may also include at least one network interface 53. The various components within the device are coupled together via a bus system 54. It is understood that the bus system 54 is used to implement communication between these components. In addition to a data bus, the bus system 54 also includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for clarity, in… Figure 13 The general labeled all buses as Bus System 54.

[0120] It is understood that memory 52 can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or both. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic random access memory (FRAM), flash memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM); magnetic surface memory can be disk storage or magnetic tape storage. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Synchronous Static Random Access Memory (SSRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (ESDRAM), SyncLink Dynamic Random Access Memory (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus Random Access Memory (DRRAM).The memory 52 described in this embodiment of the invention is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0121] The methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention can be applied to processor 51, or implemented by processor 51. Processor 51 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in processor 51 or by instructions in the form of software. The processor 51 may be a general-purpose processor, DSP, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. Processor 51 can implement or execute the methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware decoding processor, or being executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a storage medium, which is located in memory 52. ​​Processor 51 reads the information in memory 52 and completes the steps of the aforementioned method in combination with its hardware.

[0122] In an exemplary embodiment, the device may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), DSPs, programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), FPGAs, general-purpose processors, controllers, MCUs, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the aforementioned method.

[0123] In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, such as a memory 52 including a computer program, which can be executed by a processor 51 of the device to perform the steps described in the foregoing method. The computer-readable storage medium may be a memory such as FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or CD-ROM; or it may be various devices including one or any combination of the above-mentioned memories.

[0124] The computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present invention stores a computer program thereon. When the program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the encoding method of the present invention applied to a first device, or when the program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the decoding method of the present invention applied to a second device.

[0125] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that can be executed by a device (such as the device's processor 51) to complete any of the aforementioned steps of the encoding method applied to the first device, or to complete any of the aforementioned steps of the decoding method applied to the second device.

[0126] The methods disclosed in the several method embodiments provided in this application can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new method embodiments.

[0127] The features disclosed in the several product embodiments provided in this application can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new product embodiments.

[0128] The features disclosed in the several method or device embodiments provided in this application can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new method or device embodiments.

[0129] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0130] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0131] In addition, in the various embodiments of the present invention, each functional unit can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0132] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0133] Alternatively, if the integrated units of this invention are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention, or the parts that contribute to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0134] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An encoding method characterized by comprising: The method comprises: first encoding a first information sequence to obtain a second information sequence; or first encoding the first information sequence, and second encoding the second information sequence after the first encoding to obtain a third information sequence; the first information sequence is an information sequence after adding or appending a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code; wherein the first encoding is tail biting convolutional code (TBCC) encoding or head biting convolutional code (HBCC) encoding; and / or the second encoding is Miller encoding or Manchester encoding.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The CRC code length is related to the bit number or bit length of the original information sequence.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first register number for the first encoding is 2, 3 or 6.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: modulating the second information sequence or the third information sequence to output a modulated signal.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, After modulating the second information sequence or the third information sequence, the method comprises: modulating the second information sequence or the third information sequence by using on-off keying (OOK) or binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation to output a modulated signal.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The CRC code is added or appended in or after the information sequence.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method is applied to a passive Internet of Things low-power device.

8. An encoding apparatus characterized by comprising: The device comprises an encoding unit configured to first encode a first information sequence to obtain a second information sequence; or first encode the first information sequence, and second encode the second information sequence after the first encoding to obtain a third information sequence; the first information sequence is an information sequence after adding or appending a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code; wherein the first encoding is tail biting convolutional code (TBCC) encoding or head biting convolutional code (HBCC) encoding; and / or the second encoding is Miller encoding or Manchester encoding.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The device is applied to a passive Internet of Things low-power device.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that, The program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. An encoding apparatus comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, The processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

12. A computer program product, characterised in that, The program comprises computer program instructions, which cause a computer to execute the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images