Method and apparatus for storing beam transverse feedback

Abstract

The application provides a method and device for transverse feedback of beam current in a storage ring. It relates to the field of particle accelerators. The method for transverse feedback of beam current in a storage ring comprises: using a plurality of electrodes of a beam position probe to synchronously collect signals of beam bunches in the storage ring to obtain a plurality of BMP beam original signals; for a plurality of instability modes of the beam bunches in the storage ring, respectively performing band-pass sampling on the plurality of BMP beam original signals to obtain a plurality of ADC band-pass sampling signals; based on the respective spatial dimensions to which the plurality of ADC band-pass sampling signals belong, respectively performing phase shift processing on the plurality of ADC band-pass sampling signals by using an impulse response filter of the corresponding spatial dimension to obtain a plurality of beam current phase shift signals; performing gain control based on a feedforward reference gain of the beam bunches and the plurality of beam current phase shift signals to obtain beam current feedback signals; and based on the plurality of beam current feedback signals, applying damping force to the beam bunches by a beam impactor to suppress the instability modes of the beam bunches.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of particle accelerators, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam. Background Technology

[0002] Particle accelerators, especially electron storage rings, are the core of large scientific facilities such as synchrotron radiation sources. Their performance indicators (such as brightness and stability) are directly related to the ability to conduct cutting-edge scientific research.

[0003] In related technologies, sampling introduces nonlinear distortion, temperature drift, and phase noise, which reduces signal quality. The fixed nature of the hardware also makes it difficult to optimize the system bandwidth, center frequency, and phase delay in real time, and it cannot adapt to changes in the beam operating point, resulting in low accuracy of the obtained feedback signal. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a method and apparatus for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam.

[0005] One aspect of this application provides a method for lateral feedback of a storage ring beam, comprising: synchronously acquiring signals from a bundle in the storage ring using multiple electrodes of a beam position detector to obtain multiple raw BMP beam signals; bandpass sampling the raw BMP beam signals for multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring to obtain multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals; performing phase shift processing on the multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals based on the spatial dimensions to which each of the multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals belongs, using impulse response filters of the corresponding spatial dimensions to obtain multiple beam phase-shifted signals; performing gain control based on the feedforward reference gain of the bundle and the multiple beam phase-shifted signals to obtain beam feedback signals associated with each of the multiple spatial dimensions; and applying damping forces of multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle using a beam impactor based on the multiple beam feedback signals to suppress the instability modes of the bundle.

[0006] According to embodiments of this application, for multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring, bandpass sampling is performed on the original signals of multiple BMP beams to obtain multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals. This includes: determining the effective signal bandwidth based on the beam spectrum characteristics according to the multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring; determining the sampling frequency based on the RF center frequency and effective signal bandwidth of the particle accelerator to which the storage ring belongs; and performing bandpass sampling on the original signals of multiple BMP beams based on the sampling frequency to obtain multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals.

[0007] According to an embodiment of this application, the method for lateral feedback of the storage ring beam further includes: performing delay calibration on multiple electrodes of the beam position detector so that the multiple electrodes can synchronously acquire signals from the bundle in the storage ring.

[0008] According to an embodiment of this application, delay calibration of multiple electrodes of a beam position detector includes: inputting reference signals into multiple electrodes of the beam position detector respectively to obtain test signals output by each of the multiple electrodes; obtaining delay values ​​of each of the multiple electrodes based on the phase difference of the multiple test signals; and performing delay calibration on the multiple electrodes respectively using the delay values ​​of each of the multiple electrodes, with the target electrode among the multiple electrodes as a reference.

[0009] According to an embodiment of this application, the method for storing the transverse feedback of the ring beam further includes: for the target spatial dimension of the bundle, under the condition that the beam operating point related to the target spatial dimension satisfies the correction condition, using least squares optimization to determine the target filter coefficients related to the target spatial dimension, so as to use the impulse response filter with the target filter coefficients to perform phase shift processing on the ADC bandpass sampling signal related to the target spatial dimension.

[0010] According to an embodiment of this application, the target filter coefficients related to the target spatial dimension are determined using least squares optimization, including: determining the target oscillation angular frequency based on the beam operating point related to the target spatial dimension; determining the target total phase shift based on the target oscillation angular frequency; and obtaining the target filter coefficients by performing least squares optimization based on the ideal and actual positions of the bundle in the target spatial dimension, with the target total phase shift and flat amplitude-frequency response as constraints.

[0011] According to embodiments of this application, gain control is performed based on the feedforward reference gain of the bundle and the multi-channel beam phase shifting signals to obtain beam feedback signals related to multiple spatial dimensions. This includes: differentially fusing the multi-channel ADC bandpass sampling signals related to the spatial dimensions to obtain the bundle oscillation amplitude related to the spatial dimensions; determining the gain adjustment amount based on the bundle oscillation amplitude and the feedforward reference gain through proportional-integral control; and obtaining the beam feedback signal related to the spatial dimensions based on the gain adjustment amount.

[0012] According to an embodiment of this application, the beam feedback signal is delayed and calibrated to obtain a target beam feedback signal, so that the target beam feedback signal is in phase with the first derivative of the bundle oscillation; wherein, based on the multiple beam feedback signals, a beam impactor applies a damping force of multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle to suppress the bundle's instability modes, including: based on the multiple target beam feedback signals, a beam impactor applies a damping force of multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle to suppress the bundle's instability modes.

[0013] According to an embodiment of this application, delay calibration is performed on the beam feedback signal to obtain a target beam feedback signal, including: generating an excitation signal based on the beam oscillation frequency of the bundle; modulating the bundle using the excitation signal and a beam impactor based on multiple delay values ​​to obtain beam response amplitudes related to the multiple delay values; fitting the multiple delay values ​​and multiple beam response amplitudes using the least squares method to determine a target delay value corresponding to the maximum value among the multiple beam response amplitudes; and performing delay calibration on the beam feedback signal based on the target delay value to obtain the target beam feedback signal.

[0014] Another aspect of this application provides an apparatus for lateral feedback of a storage ring beam, comprising: an acquisition module for synchronously acquiring signals from a bundle in the storage ring using multiple electrodes of a beam position detector to obtain multiple raw BMP beam signals; a sampling module for bandpass sampling of the multiple raw BMP beam signals for multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring to obtain multiple ADC bandpass sampled signals; a phase shifting module for performing phase shifting processing on the multiple ADC bandpass sampled signals based on the spatial dimensions to which each of the multiple ADC bandpass sampled signals belongs, using impulse response filters of the corresponding spatial dimensions to obtain multiple beam phase-shifted signals; a gain module for gain control based on the feedforward reference gain of the bundle and the multiple beam phase-shifted signals to obtain beam feedback signals associated with each of the multiple spatial dimensions; and a suppression module for applying damping forces of multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle through a beam impactor based on the multiple beam feedback signals to suppress the instability modes of the bundle.

[0015] Another aspect of this application provides an electronic device comprising:

[0016] One or more processors;

[0017] Memory, used to store one or more programs.

[0018] Specifically, when one or more programs are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the above method.

[0019] Another aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, are used to implement the method described above.

[0020] Another aspect of this application provides a computer program product including computer-executable instructions that, when executed, are used to implement the methods described above.

[0021] According to embodiments of this application, compared to conventional solutions in related technologies, this application reduces the position signal encompassing multidimensional instability modes in the storage ring to the intermediate frequency by using bandpass filtering and undersampling. This not only reduces the power consumption of the analog-to-digital converter but also avoids analog front-end interference through a direct sampling strategy. Furthermore, the accuracy of gain adjustment is achieved through the bundle marking function. The fused beam feedback signal can automatically adapt to changes in the beam filling mode and ensure that the bundle, regardless of its charge magnitude, can uniformly dampen the same target bundle. Real-time tracking of the beam state and adjustment of the bundle reduce the overall instability of the coupled bundle. The method of this application can control the delay value of the delay calibration within a low range, which not only improves measurement accuracy but also enables automatic online calibration, reducing system maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 An exemplary system architecture for storing transverse feedback of annular beams, according to embodiments of this application, is illustrated schematically.

[0024] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam according to an embodiment of this application is shown schematically.

[0025] Figure 3(a) schematically illustrates the result of a bandpass filtering operation according to an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 3(b) schematically illustrates the result of a bandpass sampling operation according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 3(c) schematically illustrates the result of another bandpass sampling operation according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 3(d) schematically illustrates the result of another bandpass sampling operation according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a data flow graph of delay calibration of multiple electrodes of a beam position detector according to an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 5(a) schematically shows a graph of signal gain as a function of beam operating point according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 5(b) schematically illustrates the total phase shift as a function of the beam operating point according to an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 6 A data flow diagram of a beam feedback signal determination method according to an embodiment of this application is illustrated schematically.

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating a target beam feedback signal determination method according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0034] Figure 8 A block diagram of an apparatus for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam according to an embodiment of this application is shown schematically.

[0035] Figure 9 An electronic device suitable for implementing a method for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam, according to an embodiment of this application, is illustrated schematically. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be implemented without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of this application.

[0037] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0038] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0039] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B and C", they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B and C, etc.).

[0040] In the embodiments of this application, the collection, updating, analysis, processing, use, transmission, provision, disclosure, and storage of the data involved (e.g., including but not limited to user personal information) comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, are used for legitimate purposes, and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0041] Currently, the small-aperture vacuum chambers and other designs used in particle accelerators to achieve extremely low emittance (on the order of approximately 0.1 nm·rad) significantly enhance beam impedance, making the beam more susceptible to strong coupled bunch instabilities at high speeds. If these instabilities are not effectively suppressed, they will lead to a rapid increase in bunch oscillation amplitude, resulting in beam quality deterioration and severely limiting accelerator performance. The bunch-by-bunch lateral feedback system is a key device for suppressing coupled bunch instabilities in the storage ring and ensuring beam quality. Traditional systems generally employ a "hybrid analog-to-digital" architecture, where the analog RF front-end down-converts the beam signal, then samples it via a digital-to-analog converter for digital processing.

[0042] While existing hybrid analog-digital feedback systems have partially solved the flexibility problem, they still have several shortcomings: during sampling, nonlinear distortion, temperature drift, and phase noise from the analog front end reduce the signal-to-noise ratio, making it impossible to accurately obtain the beam oscillation signal and limiting the accuracy of the feedback signal. Furthermore, rigid filter designs prevent real-time tracking of the beam state for adjustment of the beam bundle.

[0043] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a method for lateral feedback of a storage ring beam, comprising: synchronously acquiring signals from a bundle in the storage ring using multiple electrodes of a beam position detector to obtain multiple raw BMP beam signals; performing bandpass sampling on the raw BMP beam signals for multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring to obtain multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals; performing phase shift processing on the multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals based on the spatial dimensions to which each of the multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals belongs, using impulse response filters of the corresponding spatial dimensions to obtain multiple beam phase-shifted signals; performing gain control based on the feedforward reference gain of the bundle and the multiple beam phase-shifted signals to obtain beam feedback signals associated with each of the multiple spatial dimensions; and applying damping forces of multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle using a beam impactor based on the multiple beam feedback signals to suppress the instability modes of the bundle.

[0044] Figure 1 An exemplary system architecture for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam, according to embodiments of this application, is illustrated schematically. It should be noted that... Figure 1 The examples shown are merely examples of system architectures that can be applied to the embodiments of this application, in order to help those skilled in the art understand the technical content of this application, but do not mean that the embodiments of this application cannot be used in other devices, systems, environments or scenarios.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the system architecture 100 according to this embodiment may include a particle accelerator 101, a beam position detector 102, and a terminal device 103.

[0046] The particle accelerator 101 can be used to provide radio frequency accelerating voltage and a transverse magnetic focusing structure to longitudinally converge and transversely strongly focus the beams therein, so that they move stably in a vacuum tube.

[0047] The beam position detector 102 can convert the transient distribution of the charge field of the beam into a measurable voltage difference using its multiple electrodes when the beam moves. By summing the difference and sampling in real time, the initial position signal of the beam can be given non-destructively.

[0048] Terminal device 103 can process the sampled data based on the initial position signal of the clump to obtain the clump's position signal. Then, based on the position signal, it uses filters to perform phase shift processing on multiple position signals to obtain multiple beam phase-shifted signals. Next, it performs gain control based on the clump's feedforward reference gain and the multiple beam phase-shifted signals to obtain the beam feedback signal. Finally, based on the multiple beam feedback signals, it applies damping forces in multiple spatial dimensions to the clump through a beam impactor to suppress the clump's instability modes. Thus, a stable and accurate clump position signal can be output.

[0049] It should be understood that Figure 1 The number of beam position detectors and terminal devices shown is merely illustrative. Any number of beam position detectors and terminal devices can be used depending on implementation requirements.

[0050] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam according to an embodiment of this application is shown schematically.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the method includes operations S210~S250.

[0052] During operation of S210, multiple electrodes of the beam position detector are used to synchronously acquire signals from the bundle in the storage ring, obtaining multiple raw BMP beam signals.

[0053] According to embodiments of this application, a Beam Position Monitor (BPM) is a non-interceptive, high-resolution, real-time online beam diagnostic device used to measure the instantaneous transverse centroid position of a charged particle cluster within an accelerator vacuum tube. Its core function is to convert the electromagnetic disturbances generated as the cluster passes through into measurable electrical signals, which, after differential processing, provide sub-micron level position data, providing input for trajectory correction, stability feedback, and machine protection. The aforementioned raw beam signal from the BPM refers to the continuous time-domain signal processed by the front-end analog link after the mirrored current pulses induced by the cluster on multiple electrodes of the beam position detector. Specifically, the analog signals detected by the multiple electrodes of the BPM are the result of a carrier wave modulated by the cluster oscillation. Its spectrum is in radio frequency... A series of sidebands centered on a Bessel function envelope, in which the transverse oscillations are mainly zero-order Bessel functions of the first kind and first-order Bessel functions of the first kind.

[0054] During operation of S220, bandpass sampling is performed on the original signals of multiple BMP beams for multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring, resulting in multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals.

[0055] According to an embodiment of this application, since the storage ring excites various instability modes in the running bundles therein, it is necessary to use an effective signal bandwidth covering all instability modes of the coupled bundles to perform bandpass filtering on the raw BMP beam signal acquired by operation S210, filter out the effective signals, and then use an analog-to-digital converter to perform undersampling to obtain the ADC bandpass sampled signal, which is a baseband digital signal without analog distortion that takes into account the instability modes.

[0056] According to embodiments of this application, for operations S210 and S220, the lateral oscillation of a single bundle includes two dimensions: "horizontal (x-direction)" and "vertical (y-direction)," and each dimension requires at least two raw BMP beam signals (such as left / right / up / down electrodes) to calculate the precise position of the bundle. For example, regarding the horizontal direction, two raw BMP beam signals (channel A and channel B) are needed, through " The differential calculation cancels out common-mode noise, thus obtaining the true horizontal displacement of the bundle. Similarly, for the vertical direction, two additional BMP beam signals are needed to calculate the vertical displacement. Therefore, the "multi-channel BMP beam raw signal" output by operation S210 is the position detection signal of the same beam cluster at different dimensions and different electrodes, rather than the signal of multiple beam clusters. Furthermore, the ADC bandpass sampling signal obtained by operation S220 is also the processed position signal of the same beam cluster at different dimensions and different electrodes.

[0057] In operation S230, based on the spatial dimension to which each of the multi-channel ADC bandpass sampling signals belongs, the impulse response filters of the corresponding spatial dimensions are used to perform phase shift processing on the multi-channel ADC bandpass sampling signals to obtain multi-channel beam phase shift signals.

[0058] According to the embodiments of this application, since the obtained ADC bandpass sampling signal is divided into two dimensions, "horizontal (x-direction)" and "vertical (y-direction)," different filtering processes can be performed on these two dimensions. During filtering, the beam operating point of the corresponding beam needs to be referenced. The beam operating point is a core parameter in particle accelerators describing the transverse (or longitudinal) motion frequency of the beam. It represents the number of betatron oscillations completed in the horizontal (x-direction) and vertical (y-direction) directions for each revolution of the beam, usually denoted as... and The beam operating point is a dimensionless frequency that can be decomposed into an integer part and a fractional part (for example, the fractional part of the lateral operating point of the Hefei Light Source is 0.47). Next, based on the spatial dimensions corresponding to different multiple signals in the ADC bandpass sampling signal, an impulse response filter is used with the beam operating point information to perform a 90-degree phase shift on the multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals at the beam operating point, giving them a flat amplitude-frequency response.

[0059] According to an embodiment of this application, the phase shift processing of the impulse response filter involves differentiating the position signal. As a result, the processed ADC bandpass sampling signal is transformed from a position signal into a velocity signal, thereby obtaining a multi-beam phase shift signal.

[0060] In operation S240, gain control is performed based on the feedforward reference gain of the bundle and the multi-beam phase shifting signal to obtain the beam feedback signal associated with each of the multiple spatial dimensions.

[0061] According to an embodiment of this application, the method for determining the feedforward reference gain of the aforementioned clump is as follows: When processing the clump signal, an external trigger signal synchronized with the particle accelerator's RF clock is received. This signal typically originates from the particle accelerator's central timing system or beam diagnostic equipment. It provides a unique number for each clump or its position information in the storage loop. Based on the external trigger signal, each clump currently passing through the measurement point is individually numbered. This number serves as an index for the entire gain link, ensuring accurate association with the correct clump subsequently and avoiding beam oscillation excitation caused by clump-gain misalignment. For the clump currently requiring signal processing, the feedforward reference gain of the current clump can be obtained from the marked number using a pre-designed charge-gain mapping table.

[0062] According to an embodiment of this application, the corresponding oscillation amplitude information can be extracted from the beam current phase shift signal obtained from operation S230. The oscillation amplitude information is compared with the target stable amplitude set by the system to obtain an error signal. Using a proportional-integral controller (PI controller), a gain adjustment amount can be obtained for the error signal. Next, for different dimensions in the velocity signal of the current bundle, the feedforward reference gain and the gain adjustment amount are fused to obtain beam feedback signals related to each of the multiple spatial dimensions.

[0063] In operation of S250, based on multi-beam feedback signals, damping forces in multiple spatial dimensions are applied to the bundle through a beam impactor to suppress the bundle's instability modes.

[0064] According to an embodiment of this application, using the beam feedback signal obtained in operation S240, a sudden field is generated on the current bundle in the transverse or longitudinal direction through a beam impactor. The sudden field will form a damping force on the current bundle in multiple spatial dimensions, thereby suppressing the instability mode of the current bundle and achieving the purpose of bundle instability correction.

[0065] According to embodiments of this application, compared to conventional solutions in related technologies, this application reduces the position signal encompassing multidimensional instability modes in the storage ring to the intermediate frequency by using bandpass filtering and undersampling. This not only reduces the power consumption of the analog-to-digital converter but also avoids analog front-end interference through a direct sampling strategy. Furthermore, the accuracy of gain adjustment is achieved through the bundle marking function. The fused beam feedback signal can automatically adapt to changes in the beam filling mode and ensure that the bundle, regardless of its charge magnitude, can uniformly dampen the same target bundle. Real-time tracking of the beam state and adjustment of the bundle reduce the overall instability of the coupled bundle. The method of this application can control the delay value of the delay calibration within a low range, which not only improves measurement accuracy but also enables automatic online calibration, reducing system maintenance costs.

[0066] According to embodiments of this application, for multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring, bandpass sampling is performed on the original signals of multiple BMP beams to obtain multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals. This includes: determining the effective signal bandwidth based on the beam spectrum characteristics according to the multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring; determining the sampling frequency based on the RF center frequency and effective signal bandwidth of the particle accelerator to which the storage ring belongs; and performing bandpass sampling on the original signals of multiple BMP beams based on the sampling frequency to obtain multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals.

[0067] According to embodiments of this application, the effective signal bandwidth can be determined by the cyclotron frequency in the beam spectrum characteristics, and then the sampling frequency can be determined. Then, bandpass sampling is performed using the signal bandwidth and the sampling frequency. This sampling can capture only the signal within this signal bandwidth and can cover all instability modes.

[0068] Figure 3(a) schematically illustrates the result of a bandpass filtering operation according to an embodiment of this application.

[0069] Figures 3(b) to 3(d) schematically illustrate the results of various bandpass sampling operations according to embodiments of this application.

[0070] According to an embodiment of this application, firstly, for the effective signal bandwidth, for a storage ring with M running bundles, wherein all M possible coupled bundle instability modes are distributed in Within the bandwidth, The center frequency is the radio frequency (RF) frequency, which is determined by the inherent parameters of the accelerator, such as the Hefei Light Source. , This can be the cyclotron frequency. Therefore, the effective signal bandwidth can be obtained. For example, the effective signal bandwidth for the Hefei Light Source can be 612MHz-714MHz.

[0071] Referring to Figure 3(a), for narrowband signals with a center frequency of several hundred MHz and a bandwidth of B, direct Nyquist sampling would require an excessively high sampling rate (e.g., greater than 2 GHz), potentially placing a significant burden on the analog-to-digital converter's performance and subsequent processing. Therefore, this application employs bandpass sampling technology. According to the bandpass sampling theorem, the sampling frequency... It can be determined by formula (1).

[0072] (1)

[0073] Where n is a number that satisfies The largest integer. Referring to Figures 3(b) and 3(c), by selecting a specific value of n, the high-frequency signal containing all instability mode information can be "folded" onto the baseband or an intermediate frequency without aliasing. The final result is shown in Figure 3(d), which displays the frequency and bundle position after bandpass sampling. The relationship diagram.

[0074] According to embodiments of this application, targeting the spectral characteristics of multiple instability modes in storage ring bundles, this application first calculates the effective signal bandwidth and plans a bandpass sampling frequency based on the RF center frequency, allowing the same bundle position signal to be directly folded to the mid-to-low frequency band without aliasing. Therefore, using the above-mentioned bandpass sampling method can significantly reduce the sampling rate, further reducing the power consumption and resource consumption of the analog-to-digital converter; in addition, the above-mentioned sampling method fundamentally eliminates the analog down-conversion stage, avoiding distortion and noise introduced by analog devices from the source of signal acquisition, and achieving high fidelity. This provides accurate and pure bundle position signals for subsequent data processing.

[0075] According to an embodiment of this application, the method for lateral feedback of the storage ring beam further includes: performing delay calibration on multiple electrodes of the beam position detector so that the multiple electrodes can synchronously acquire signals from the bundle in the storage ring.

[0076] According to the embodiments of this application, since the particle accelerator needs to operate stably for a long time, in order to meet the long-term stability requirements, each data acquisition channel needs to be recalibrated after a period of use to avoid the impact of changes in the radio frequency component environment and to provide a reliable synchronization guarantee for the lateral feedback system.

[0077] According to an embodiment of this application, a reference signal is input to multiple electrodes of a beam position detector to obtain test signals output by each of the multiple electrodes; based on the phase difference of the multiple test signals, the delay values ​​of each of the multiple electrodes are obtained; using the target electrode among the multiple electrodes as a reference, the delay values ​​of each of the multiple electrodes are used to perform delay calibration on the multiple electrodes respectively.

[0078] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a data flow graph of delay calibration of multiple electrodes of a beam position detector according to an embodiment of this application.

[0079] According to embodiments of this application, such as Figure 4 As shown, the reference signal can be generated by an RF or microwave signal source. The reference signal is input to each channel via a power divider. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is used to measure the phase difference of the signals in each channel, thus obtaining the delay value of each channel. The channel with the largest delay value can then be selected as the reference channel, and the delay time between the other channels and the reference channel can be calculated. When the delay time When the delay difference exceeds the set minimum step size, such as 10 ps, ​​calculate the control value corresponding to the delay difference between the current channel and the reference channel. Control the numerically controlled delay chip of that channel via the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) protocol and send out control words. Repeat the above operation until the delay difference between all channels and the reference channel is less than 10 ps, ​​complete the channel calibration, and enter the sampling mode.

[0080] According to embodiments of this application, the delay range of the aforementioned numerically controlled delay chip can be 0-10ns, with a minimum resolution of 10ps. It can be configured via an SPI serial interface, and the added phase noise is less than 0.3ps, thus meeting the requirements for multi-channel synchronization. After inputting a 204MHz master clock source to the numerically controlled delay chip, a high-precision clock management chip outputs multi-channel synchronized clock signals, which, after passing through the programmable numerically controlled delay chip, are used as the sampling clock for the digital-to-analog converters of each channel. The FPGA can centrally control the configuration of all numerically controlled delay chips via the SPI bus. In practical operation, periodic (e.g., hourly) repetitive calibration can also be selected to compensate for delay drift caused by environmental changes.

[0081] According to embodiments of this application, during delay calibration, a reference signal is first input, and the relative delay of each electrode is directly quantified by comparing the phase difference of the test signal. Channel-by-channel delay compensation is then performed using the target electrode as a reference. Firstly, after calibration, the signals of each electrode to the same bundle can be... The data is synchronously input into the analog-to-digital converter within a specified precision range, minimizing position shifts caused by time offsets and enhancing the accuracy of the acquired data. Secondly, synchronous sampling ensures the synchronization of multiple waveforms of the difference ratio and position signal in the algorithm, eliminating the need for recalibration. Finally, the reference signal scheme can be automatically executed periodically online. Delay drift caused by temperature or connector aging during long-term operation is cleared in real time, maintaining high stability of the storage ring and thus ensuring the accuracy of the obtained data.

[0082] According to an embodiment of this application, the method for storing the transverse feedback of the ring beam further includes: for the target spatial dimension of the bundle, under the condition that the beam operating point related to the target spatial dimension satisfies the correction condition, using least squares optimization to determine the target filter coefficients related to the target spatial dimension, so as to use the impulse response filter with the target filter coefficients to perform phase shift processing on the ADC bandpass sampling signal related to the target spatial dimension.

[0083] According to embodiments of this application, during particle accelerator operation, beam operating point correction is necessary. For example, if the beam operating point deviation is detected to be greater than the tolerance threshold, or if abnormal increases in beam size, loss, or oscillation amplitude are observed, i.e., the correction conditions are met, beam operating point correction should be initiated. Least squares optimization can be used to fit the filter coefficients, and then the filter coefficients are updated in real time using an FPGA to perform phase shift processing on the ADC bandpass sampling signal to compensate for system delay. The aforementioned target filter can be an impulse response filter.

[0084] According to an embodiment of this application, the target filter coefficients related to the target spatial dimension are determined using least squares optimization, including: determining the target oscillation angular frequency based on the beam operating point related to the target spatial dimension; determining the target total phase shift based on the target oscillation angular frequency; and obtaining the target filter coefficients by performing least squares optimization based on the ideal and actual positions of the bundle in the target spatial dimension, with the target total phase shift and flat amplitude-frequency response as constraints.

[0085] According to an embodiment of this application, the angular frequency of bundle oscillation is calculated based on the beam operating point. Thus, the total phase shift of the target is determined. , This could be due to inherent processing latency. It can be pi (π).

[0086] In the storage ring, the lateral or longitudinal motion of the bundle can be precisely analogous to a damped harmonic oscillator, and its motion follows the differential equation (2):

[0087] (2)

[0088] in: It can represent the particle in time The oscillating displacement. is the natural damping coefficient. The angular frequency of the bundle oscillation (determined by the beam operating point and cyclotron frequency) Decide).

[0089] In equation (2), This represents the inherent damping term of the particle accelerator.

[0090] when At this time, the solution to equation (2) is a sinusoidal oscillation with exponentially decaying amplitude, as shown in equation (3). Its amplitude is no longer constant, but varies with time. The size decreases exponentially.

[0091] (3)

[0092] Wherein, the damping time constant , Indicates the initial phase.

[0093] Therefore, to achieve effective damped oscillation, a factor related to the oscillation velocity needs to be introduced. The forces are proportional but opposite in direction. Therefore, providing a precise +90° phase shift to the ADC bandpass sampling signal at the beam operating point can achieve a better damped oscillation effect.

[0094] Therefore, further, the angular frequency of the bundle oscillation... Using a 90° phase shift and a flat amplitude-frequency response as constraints, a least-squares optimization problem is constructed between the ideal and actual positions of the beam operating point to solve for the optimal filter coefficients.

[0095] According to an embodiment of this application, the following description uses an impulse response filter as the target filter. An impulse response filter can achieve strictly linear phase, thus allowing precise control of the phase shift at a specific frequency point by designing the filter coefficients. The mathematical expression for an impulse response filter is shown in formula (4):

[0096] (4)

[0097] in, It can be the input data of the impulse response filter, i.e., the first... Circle (or the first) The bundle position signal (at each sampling point). It can be an impulse response filter in the first... The output data at each loop time is the feedback correction signal to be output. It can be the order of the filter, which determines the filter's performance and processing delay. It is the filter's first The coefficients are the filter coefficients obtained by using a least-squares optimization problem, based on the constraints of the target total phase shift and flat amplitude-frequency response.

[0098] According to an embodiment of this application, the least squares fitting method is as follows: the beam oscillation signal, i.e., the ADC bandpass sampling signal, can be expressed as formula (5):

[0099] (5)

[0100] in, It can represent amplitude. It can represent the frequency shift of the beam's operating point. This refers to a measurable shift in the fractional part of the measured beam operating point value in the storage ring relative to the design target. It can represent phase. This can represent the total number of running clusters. This indicates the number of the bundle.

[0101] Furthermore, formulas (6) and (7) can be used to process the above formula (5).

[0102] (6)

[0103] (7)

[0104] in, It can represent a bundle or cluster. In-phase components, It can represent a bundle or cluster. The orthogonal components.

[0105] Formula (5) can be processed to obtain formula (8).

[0106] (8)

[0107] in, It can represent phase. Indicates the number of the intrinsic mode.

[0108] Then, by shifting the value in formula (8) By making a linear approximation, we can obtain formula (9).

[0109] (9)

[0110] As shown in formula (9), the beam position at any given time can be considered as a set of specific parameters. The linear combination of the beams allows for the application of a specified gain and phase shift for each mode of oscillation. Therefore, by constructing a least-squares problem between the ideal and actual positions of the beam, the coefficients of the filter can be derived, ensuring that the output signal gain and phase both meet the constraints.

[0111] Figure 5(a) schematically shows a graph of signal gain as a function of beam operating point according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0112] Figure 5(b) schematically illustrates the total phase shift as a function of the beam operating point according to an embodiment of this application.

[0113] According to an embodiment of this application, the filter coefficients fitted by the least squares method can be simulated using Matlab. Assuming the fractional part of the target beam operating point frequency is 0.47, a first-order small-quantum expansion is performed, the target gain is 1, and the target phase shift is 90 degrees. Referring to Figure 5(a), it can be shown that scanning the beam operating point confirms whether the signal gain at the target beam operating point is the target gain. Referring to Figure 5(b), the total target phase shift can be fixed at... Scan the beam operating point to confirm that it can still maintain [its function] at the target beam operating point. The maximum allowable gain value for phase shift.

[0114] According to an embodiment of this application, when the beam operating point changes and correction is required, the angular frequency of the bundle oscillation corresponding to the new beam operating point can be transmitted to the FPGA to repeatedly calculate the filter coefficients, thereby dynamically updating the intensity and phase of the feedback signal to achieve the aforementioned superior damping oscillation effect.

[0115] According to embodiments of this application, in the beam operating point correction step, when the beam operating point meets the correction conditions, constraints are set based on the target oscillation angular frequency. Then, the optimal filter coefficients at that operating point are calculated using a least-squares optimization method and input into the FPGA. Phase-shifting processing is then performed on the ADC bandpass sampling signal related to the target spatial dimension. This improves the accuracy of the phase-shifting process, ensuring that the damping force and bundle velocity remain in opposite directions. Furthermore, the filter coefficients can be automatically refreshed with the beam operating point, allowing the storage ring to maintain a critical damping state under various operating conditions, achieving superior damping performance. This eliminates the need for manual recalibration, reduces maintenance costs, and improves data acquisition accuracy.

[0116] According to embodiments of this application, gain control is performed based on the feedforward reference gain of the bundle and the multi-channel beam phase shifting signals to obtain beam feedback signals related to multiple spatial dimensions. This includes: differentially fusing the multi-channel ADC bandpass sampling signals related to the spatial dimensions to obtain the bundle oscillation amplitude related to the spatial dimensions; determining the gain adjustment amount based on the bundle oscillation amplitude and the feedforward reference gain through proportional-integral control; and obtaining the beam feedback signal related to the spatial dimensions based on the gain adjustment amount.

[0117] According to embodiments of this application, the growth rate of instability of clusters in the storage ring. The charge is proportional to the amount of the cluster charge in the storage ring. Therefore, in multi-cluster operation, the instability of clusters with larger charges increases faster, so electronic damping is required. The operation of applying electronic damping can be referred to the motion equation (10):

[0118] (10)

[0119] Based on the reference equation (2), This can represent the electronic damping provided by the feedback system.

[0120] In order to achieve effective damping of the feedback system that matches each charge quantity and realize adaptive control of the bundle and gain, targeted adjustments are made based on the feedforward reference gain and the bundle oscillation amplitude.

[0121] According to embodiments of this application, bundle oscillation signals are acquired using an analog-to-digital converter chip, with a sampling rate of 500 MSPS (megasamples per second) and a resolution of 16 bits. The acquired data can then be transmitted to an FPGA, where a dedicated DSP (digital signal processing) slice is used to calculate the real-time bundle oscillation amplitude. For example, a parallel processing architecture can be employed for differential processing, enabling simultaneous differential fusion of amplitudes from multiple bundles.

[0122] Figure 6 A data flow diagram of a beam feedback signal determination method according to an embodiment of this application is illustrated schematically.

[0123] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 6 When determining the feedforward reference gain, each bunch can be individually marked first. Then, the charge of the bunch is read based on the mark, and the feedforward reference gain of the corresponding bunch is determined by looking up a table. Specifically, the bunch marking function can be implemented by an FPGA. During marking, an external trigger signal (e.g., detecting the zero-crossing point of the RF clock and the bunch marking pulse) is used to accurately identify the number of each bunch. The charge data is acquired in real time from the accelerator control system via Gigabit Ethernet and transmitted using the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) protocol with a transmission period of 10 milliseconds. A real-time updated bunch position mapping table is then constructed. The gain mapping table is dynamically updated according to the beam current intensity and filling mode to ensure the accuracy of the reference gain setting. Then, each bunch number is used as an index to look up the charge-gain mapping table.

[0124] Further reference Figure 6 After obtaining the bundle oscillation amplitude, the gain adjustment can be determined using proportional-integral (PI) control. Specifically, the gain adjustment is determined by a PPI controller, whose parameters can be adaptively adjusted according to the beam state, with a control period of 100 microseconds. Then, the gain adjustment and the feedforward reference gain obtained in the previous steps are weighted and fused to obtain a beam feedback signal related to the spatial dimension. A precise timing control signal can be generated using a clock chip to ensure that the gain update is strictly synchronized with the timing of the bundle passing through the beam impactor. The clock distribution network adopts a tree structure, with the maximum skew controlled within 5 picoseconds. All control parameters and status information can be uploaded to the host system for real-time monitoring and data analysis.

[0125] According to embodiments of this application, differential fusion of multiple signals is used to obtain the bundle oscillation amplitude. Then, a gain adjustment amount can be obtained based on the bundle oscillation amplitude. Differential fusion is equivalent to synchronous detection of multiple electrodes, which can avoid gain misjudgment caused by single-channel saturation or mismatch. The gain adjustment amount obtained from the signal itself is then fused with the signal to form the final beam feedback signal. Subsequently, a gain control algorithm can significantly improve the damping uniformity of bundles with different charge amounts and increase the instability threshold of coupled bundles, providing a reliable technical guarantee for the stable operation of the accelerator.

[0126] According to embodiments of this application, a method for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam further includes: performing delay calibration on the beam feedback signal to obtain a target beam feedback signal, such that the target beam feedback signal is in phase with the first differential of the bundle oscillation; wherein, based on multiple beam feedback signals, applying damping forces of multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle through a beam impactor to suppress bundle instability modes includes: based on multiple target beam feedback signals, applying damping forces of multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle through a beam impactor to suppress bundle instability modes.

[0127] According to an embodiment of this application, after obtaining the beam feedback signal through the above steps, in order to ensure that the beam feedback signal is precisely in phase with the first derivative (90° phase lead) of the ADC bandpass sampling signal and to avoid incorrect phase feedback due to existing system delays, the beam feedback signal can be delayed and calibrated to obtain the target gain signal. Then, based on the target gain signal, a beam impactor can be used to apply damping forces in multiple spatial dimensions to the beam bunch, thereby suppressing the instability modes of the beam bunch.

[0128] According to an embodiment of this application, delay calibration is performed on the beam feedback signal to obtain a target beam feedback signal, including: generating an excitation signal based on the beam oscillation frequency of the bundle; modulating the bundle using the excitation signal and a beam impactor based on multiple delay values ​​to obtain beam response amplitudes related to the multiple delay values; fitting the multiple delay values ​​and multiple beam response amplitudes using the least squares method to determine a target delay value corresponding to the maximum value among the multiple beam response amplitudes; and performing delay calibration on the beam feedback signal based on the target delay value to obtain the target beam feedback signal.

[0129] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating a target beam feedback signal determination method according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0130] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 7During beam feedback signal delay calibration, the digital signal generator inside the FPGA generates an excitation signal. This excitation signal is a sinusoidal signal with the same frequency as the beam bundle's transverse oscillation frequency, generated based on a high-precision lookup table. The amplitude of the excitation signal is precisely adjusted by a 16-bit digitally controlled attenuator, set to 5%-10% of the normal beam feedback signal amplitude, ensuring a measurable response without affecting beam quality. The excitation signal is output through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and the converted analog signal is amplified by a power amplifier before driving the corrector to be applied to the beam, resulting in minute, controllable modulation of the beam.

[0131] Next, refer to Figure 7 Within a preset delay range, the delay value of the programmable delay chip (delay line) is set and adjusted in steps, and the beam response amplitude at each delay is scanned and collected, recording the beam response amplitudes related to multiple delay values. Specifically, the delay adjustment range for each channel is 0-10ns, with a step accuracy of 10ps. The programmable delay chip is connected to the FPGA via an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) interface, supporting daisy-chain connections and allowing simultaneous control of multiple delay units. During the scanning process, the FPGA precisely sets each delay value via the SPI bus, with the scanning range typically set to the expected delay value ±2ns, and the step size set to 10-20ps depending on the accuracy requirements. At each delay setting point, the beam response signal is acquired by an analog-to-digital converter, capturing subtle signal changes. The acquired data is transmitted to the FPGA, where a parallel processing architecture is used for real-time signal processing. An orthogonal demodulation algorithm is used to extract the response amplitude at the excitation signal frequency while suppressing background noise. The calculated amplitude value is stored in the FPGA's Block RAM along with the current delay setting, forming a delay-amplitude data pair.

[0132] Next, multiple delay values ​​and multiple beam response amplitudes are fitted using the least squares method to determine the target delay value corresponding to the maximum value among the multiple beam response amplitudes. Specifically, the detection of the target delay value corresponding to the maximum value is also executed in the FPGA, which uses the least squares method to perform parabolic fitting and matrix operations to accurately calculate the position of the maximum value. The algorithm utilizes the parallel computing capabilities of the FPGA to complete the maximum value location within microseconds, with an accuracy reaching the picosecond level. To suppress the influence of beam background noise, narrowband synchronous detection technology is adopted. A reference clock synchronized with the test signal is generated by a clock chip to ensure time consistency during the detection process, effectively reducing the impact of timing jitter on measurement accuracy.

[0133] Finally, based on the target delay value, the beam feedback signal can be delayed and calibrated to obtain the target beam feedback signal. Specifically, after determining the optimal delay value, the system writes the final settings into the configuration register of the delay chip via the SPI interface to perform delay calibration on the beam feedback signal. The entire calibration process is automatic, and the calibration cycle can be set according to system requirements, typically once per hour. The system also supports manual calibration triggering for convenient debugging and maintenance. In practical applications, this solution monitors environmental changes using a temperature sensor, automatically triggering the calibration process when temperature fluctuations exceed a set threshold. Simultaneously, the system records historical calibration data, establishes a delay-temperature relationship model, and achieves predictive compensation, further improving system stability.

[0134] According to embodiments of this application, before formally applying the beam feedback signal, an excitation pulse is first emitted based on the beam oscillation frequency, and the beam response amplitude is measured point by point according to the scanning delay value. Then, the optimal delay corresponding to the point of maximum amplitude is obtained by least-squares fitting, thereby obtaining the target beam feedback signal. The beam cluster is then adjusted based on the target beam feedback signal. Delay calibration can reduce the phase error between the beam feedback signal and the first derivative of the beam cluster velocity to within the acceptable range. In addition, using least-squares fitting can automatically cover drift caused by problems such as cable aging, FPGA wiring, and power amplifier group delay, reducing phase drift during long-term operation and eliminating the need for periodic manual recalibration. This improves the accuracy of experimental results and reduces the manual maintenance costs of particle accelerators and beam position monitors.

[0135] Figure 8 A block diagram of an apparatus for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam according to an embodiment of this application is shown schematically.

[0136] like Figure 8 As shown, the device 800 for storing the transverse feedback of the ring beam includes an acquisition module 810, a sampling module 820, a phase shift module 830, a gain module 840, and a suppression module 850.

[0137] The acquisition module 810 is used to synchronously acquire signals from the bundle in the storage ring using multiple electrodes of the beam position detector to obtain multiple raw BMP beam signals.

[0138] The sampling module 820 performs bandpass sampling on multiple BMP beam original signals for multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring, and obtains multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals.

[0139] The phase shift module 830, based on the spatial dimension to which each of the multi-channel ADC bandpass sampling signals belongs, uses the impulse response filter of the corresponding spatial dimension to perform phase shift processing on the multi-channel ADC bandpass sampling signals to obtain multi-channel beam phase shift signals;

[0140] Gain module 840 is used to perform gain control based on the feedforward reference gain of the bundle and the multi-beam phase shifting signal to obtain the beam feedback signal associated with each of the multiple spatial dimensions.

[0141] The suppression module 850 is used to suppress the instability modes of the bundle by applying damping forces in multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle through a beam impactor based on the multi-beam feedback signal.

[0142] According to an embodiment of this application, the sampling module 820 may include a first sampling submodule, a second sampling submodule, and a third sampling submodule.

[0143] The first sampling submodule is used to determine the effective signal bandwidth based on the beam spectrum characteristics according to multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring.

[0144] The second sampling submodule is used to determine the sampling frequency based on the RF center frequency and effective signal bandwidth of the particle accelerator to which the storage ring belongs.

[0145] The third sampling submodule is used to perform bandpass sampling on the original signals of multiple BMP beams based on the sampling frequency, so as to obtain multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals.

[0146] According to an embodiment of this application, the device 800 for storing the transverse feedback of the ring beam further includes a first calibration module.

[0147] The first calibration module is used to perform delay calibration on multiple electrodes of the beam position detector so that the multiple electrodes can synchronously acquire signals from the bundle in the storage ring.

[0148] According to embodiments of this application, the first calibration module may include a first calibration submodule, a second calibration submodule, and a third calibration submodule.

[0149] The first calibration submodule is used to input the reference signal into multiple electrodes of the beam position detector to obtain the test signal output by each electrode.

[0150] The second calibration submodule is used to obtain the delay values ​​of each electrode based on the phase difference of multiple test signals.

[0151] The third calibration submodule is used to perform delay calibration on multiple electrodes by using the target electrode among multiple electrodes as a reference and utilizing the delay values ​​of each electrode.

[0152] According to an embodiment of this application, the apparatus 800 for storing the transverse feedback of the annular beam further includes a determination module.

[0153] According to embodiments of this application, the determining module may include a first determining submodule, a second determining submodule, and a third determining submodule.

[0154] The first determination submodule is used to determine the target oscillation angular frequency based on the beam operating point related to the target spatial dimension;

[0155] The second determining submodule is used to determine the total phase shift of the target based on the target oscillation angular frequency; and

[0156] The third determination submodule is used to perform least squares optimization based on the ideal and actual positions of the bundle in the target spatial dimension, with the total phase shift and flat amplitude-frequency response of the target as constraints, to obtain the target filter coefficients.

[0157] According to embodiments of this application, the gain module 840 may include a first gain submodule, a second gain submodule, and a third gain submodule.

[0158] The first gain submodule is used to differentially fuse the multi-channel ADC bandpass sampling signals that are related to the spatial dimension to obtain the bundle oscillation amplitude related to the spatial dimension.

[0159] The second gain submodule is used to determine the gain adjustment amount based on the bundle oscillation amplitude and the feedforward reference gain, using proportional-integral control; and

[0160] The third gain submodule is used to obtain the beam feedback signal related to the spatial dimension based on the gain adjustment amount.

[0161] According to embodiments of this application, the apparatus 800 for storing the transverse feedback of the ring beam further includes a second calibration module and a third calibration module.

[0162] The second calibration module is used to perform delay calibration on the beam feedback signal to obtain the target beam feedback signal, so that the target beam feedback signal is in phase with the first derivative of the bundle oscillation.

[0163] The third calibration module is used to apply damping forces in multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle through a beam impactor based on the feedback signals of multiple target beams, in order to suppress the instability modes of the bundle.

[0164] According to embodiments of this application, the second calibration module may further include a fourth calibration submodule, a fifth calibration submodule, a sixth calibration submodule, and a seventh calibration submodule.

[0165] The fourth calibration submodule is used to generate an excitation signal based on the beam oscillation frequency of the bundle;

[0166] The fifth calibration submodule is used to modulate the beam cluster based on multiple delay values ​​using an excitation signal and a beam impactor to obtain the beam response amplitude related to the multiple delay values.

[0167] The sixth calibration submodule is used to fit multiple delay values ​​and multiple beam response amplitudes using the least squares method to determine the target delay value corresponding to the maximum value among the multiple beam response amplitudes; and

[0168] The seventh calibration submodule is used to perform delay calibration on the beam feedback signal based on the target delay value to obtain the target beam feedback signal.

[0169] Any one or more of the modules, submodules, units, and subunits according to the embodiments of this application, or at least part of the functions of any one or more of them, can be implemented in one module. Any one or more of the modules, submodules, units, and subunits according to the embodiments of this application can be implemented by dividing them into multiple modules. Any one or more of the modules, submodules, units, and subunits according to the embodiments of this application can be at least partially implemented as hardware circuits, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic arrays (PLAs), systems-on-a-chip, systems-on-a-substrate, systems-on-package, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or implemented by hardware or firmware in any other reasonable manner by integrating or packaging circuits, or implemented in any one of software, hardware, and firmware, or in a suitable combination of any of these. Alternatively, one or more of the modules, submodules, units, and subunits according to the embodiments of this application can be at least partially implemented as computer program modules, which, when run, can perform corresponding functions.

[0170] For example, any plurality of the acquisition module 810, sampling module 820, phase shift module 830, gain module 840, and suppression module 850 can be combined into one module / unit / subunit, or any one of these modules / units / subunits can be split into multiple modules / units / subunits. Alternatively, at least part of the functionality of one or more of these modules / units / subunits can be combined with at least part of the functionality of other modules / units / subunits and implemented in one module / unit / subunit. According to embodiments of this application, at least one of the acquisition module 810, sampling module 820, phase shift module 830, gain module 840, and suppression module 850 can be at least partially implemented as hardware circuitry, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system-on-a-chip, a system-on-a-substrate, a system-on-package, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other reasonable means of integrating or packaging the circuitry, or implemented in software, hardware, or firmware, or in any suitable combination of any of these three implementation methods. Alternatively, at least one of the collection module 810, sampling module 820, phase shift module 830, gain module 840, and suppression module 850 may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, which can perform corresponding functions when the computer program module is run.

[0171] It should be noted that the data processing system part in the embodiments of this application corresponds to the data processing method part in the embodiments of this application. The specific description of the data processing system part is referred to in the data processing method part, and will not be repeated here.

[0172] Figure 9 The diagram illustrates an electronic device suitable for implementing the methods described above, according to an embodiment of this application. The electronic device shown in FIG5 is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0173] like Figure 9 As shown, an electronic device 900 adapted to implement a method for storing ring beam lateral feedback according to an embodiment of this application includes a processor 901, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 902 or a program loaded from a storage portion 908 into a random access memory (RAM) 903. The processor 901 may include, for example, a general-purpose microprocessor (e.g., a CPU), an instruction set processor and / or an associated chipset and / or a special-purpose microprocessor (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), etc. The processor 901 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. The processor 901 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of the method flow according to an embodiment of this application.

[0174] RAM 903 stores various programs and data required for the operation of electronic device 900. Processor 901, ROM 902, and RAM 903 are interconnected via bus 904. Processor 901 executes various operations of the method flow according to embodiments of this application by executing programs in ROM 902 and / or RAM 903. It should be noted that the programs may also be stored in one or more memories other than ROM 902 and RAM 903. Processor 901 may also execute various operations of the method flow according to embodiments of this application by executing programs stored in said one or more memories.

[0175] According to embodiments of this application, the electronic device 900 may further include an input / output (I / O) interface 905, which is also connected to a bus 904. The electronic device 900 may also include one or more of the following components connected to the input / output (I / O) interface 905: an input section 906 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section 907 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker, etc.; a storage section 908 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 909 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, modem, etc. The communication section 909 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 910 is also connected to the input / output (I / O) interface 905 as needed. A removable medium 911, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., is installed on the drive 910 as needed so that computer programs read from it can be installed into the storage section 908 as needed.

[0176] According to embodiments of this application, the method flow according to embodiments of this application can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, embodiments of this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowchart. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 909, and / or installed from removable medium 911. When the computer program is executed by processor 901, it performs the functions defined in the system of embodiments of this application. According to embodiments of this application, the systems, devices, apparatuses, modules, units, etc., described above can be implemented by computer program modules.

[0177] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the device / apparatus / system described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the device / apparatus / system. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed, implement the method according to the embodiments of this application.

[0178] According to embodiments of this application, the computer-readable storage medium can be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. Examples include, but are not limited to: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this application, the computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0179] For example, according to embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium may include one or more memories other than the ROM 902 and / or RAM 903 and / or ROM 902 and RAM 503 described above.

[0180] Embodiments of this application also include a computer program product comprising a computer program containing program code for performing the methods provided in the embodiments of this application. When the computer program product is run on an electronic device, the program code is used to enable the electronic device to implement the method for storing ring beam lateral feedback provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0181] When the computer program is executed by the processor 901, it performs the functions defined in the system / apparatus of this application embodiment. According to the embodiments of this application, the systems, apparatuses, modules, units, etc., described above can be implemented by computer program modules.

[0182] In one embodiment, the computer program may rely on a tangible storage medium such as an optical storage device or a magnetic storage device. In another embodiment, the computer program may also be transmitted and distributed in the form of signals over a network medium, and downloaded and installed via the communication section 909, and / or installed from a removable medium 911. The program code contained in the computer program can be transmitted using any suitable network medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0183] According to embodiments of this application, program code for executing the computer programs provided in the embodiments of this application can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. Specifically, these computational programs can be implemented using high-level procedural and / or object-oriented programming languages, and / or assembly / machine languages. Programming languages ​​include, but are not limited to, languages ​​such as Java, C++, Python, "C", or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's device, partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In cases involving remote computing devices, the remote computing device can be connected to the user's computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computing device (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0184] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this application. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram or flowchart, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments of this application can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations are not explicitly described in this application. In particular, without departing from the spirit and teachings of this application, the features described in the various embodiments of this application can be combined and / or combined in various ways. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of this application.

[0185] The embodiments of this application have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. Without departing from the scope of this application, those skilled in the art can make various substitutions and modifications, all of which should fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam, characterized in that, include: Multiple electrodes of the beam position detector are used to synchronously acquire signals from the bundle in the storage ring to obtain multiple raw BMP beam signals. To address multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring, bandpass sampling is performed on multiple original BMP beam signals in the digital domain to obtain multiple ADC bandpass sampled signals. The sampling frequency of the bandpass sampling satisfies the following conditions: Multiple instability modes are distributed in Within the bandwidth, Let n be the radio frequency center frequency, and n be the frequency that satisfies the condition. The largest integer, , It is the cyclotron frequency; Based on the spatial dimension of each of the multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals, the impulse response filters of the corresponding spatial dimensions are used to perform phase shift processing on the multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals to obtain multiple beam phase shift signals. The filter coefficients of the impulse response filters are dynamically optimized using the least squares method. Gain control is performed based on the feedforward reference gain of the bundle and the multiple beam phase-shifting signals to obtain beam feedback signals related to multiple spatial dimensions. This includes: differentially fusing multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals related to the spatial dimensions to obtain the bundle oscillation amplitude related to the spatial dimensions; determining the gain adjustment amount based on the bundle oscillation amplitude and the feedforward reference gain using proportional-integral control; and obtaining the beam feedback signal related to the spatial dimensions based on the gain adjustment amount. Based on the multiple beam feedback signals, a beam impactor applies damping forces in multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle to suppress the bundle's instability modes.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method involves bandpass sampling of multiple raw BMP beam signals for each of the multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring, resulting in multiple ADC bandpass sampled signals, including: Based on the multiple instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring, the effective signal bandwidth is determined according to the beam spectrum characteristics; The sampling frequency is determined based on the radio frequency center frequency of the particle accelerator to which the storage ring belongs and the effective signal bandwidth; Based on the sampling frequency, bandpass sampling is performed on multiple original BMP beam signals to obtain multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The multiple electrodes of the beam position detector are delayed and calibrated so that the multiple electrodes can synchronously acquire signals from the bundle in the storage ring.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The delay calibration of the multiple electrodes of the beam position detector includes: The reference signal is input to multiple electrodes of the beam position detector to obtain the test signal output by each of the multiple electrodes; Based on the phase difference of the multiple test signals, the delay values ​​of the multiple electrodes are obtained respectively; Using the target electrode among the plurality of electrodes as a reference, the plurality of electrodes are calibrated by delay using the delay values ​​of each of the plurality of electrodes.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: For the target spatial dimension of the bundle, if the beam operating point related to the target spatial dimension meets the correction condition, the target filter coefficients related to the target spatial dimension are determined by least squares optimization, so as to use the impulse response filter with the target filter coefficients to perform phase shift processing on the ADC bandpass sampling signal related to the target spatial dimension.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of using least squares optimization to determine the target filter coefficients related to the target spatial dimension includes: The target oscillation angular frequency is determined based on the beam operating point related to the target spatial dimension; Based on the target oscillation angular frequency, determine the total phase shift of the target; and Using the total phase shift and flat amplitude-frequency response of the target as constraints, the target filter coefficients are obtained by least-squares optimization based on the ideal and actual positions of the bundle in the target spatial dimension.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The beam feedback signal is delayed and calibrated to obtain the target beam feedback signal, so that the target beam feedback signal is in phase with the first derivative of the bundle oscillation. The step of applying multi-dimensional damping forces to the clump via a beam impactor based on multiple beam feedback signals to suppress the clump's instability modes includes: Based on the multiple target beam feedback signals, a beam impactor applies damping forces in multiple spatial dimensions to the beam cluster to suppress its instability modes.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of delaying and calibrating the beam feedback signal to obtain the target beam feedback signal includes: An excitation signal is generated based on the beam oscillation frequency of the bundle; Based on multiple delay values, the beam bundle is modulated by the beam impactor using the excitation signal to obtain the beam response amplitude related to the multiple delay values. A target delay value corresponding to the maximum value among the multiple beam response amplitudes is determined by fitting multiple delay values ​​and multiple beam response amplitudes using the least squares method; and Based on the target delay value, the beam feedback signal is delayed and calibrated to obtain the target beam feedback signal.

9. A device for storing transverse feedback of a ring beam, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to synchronously acquire signals from the bundle in the storage ring using multiple electrodes of the beam position detector to obtain multiple raw BMP beam signals. The sampling module performs bandpass sampling on multiple raw BMP beam signals in the digital domain for various instability modes of the bundle in the storage ring, obtaining multiple ADC bandpass sampled signals. The sampling frequency of the bandpass sampling satisfies the following conditions: Multiple instability modes are distributed in Within the bandwidth, Let n be the radio frequency center frequency, and n be the frequency that satisfies the condition. The largest integer, , It is the cyclotron frequency; The phase-shifting module, based on the spatial dimension to which each of the multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals belongs, uses impulse response filters of the corresponding spatial dimension to perform phase-shifting processing on the multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals respectively, to obtain multiple beam phase-shifted signals. The filter coefficients of the impulse response filters are dynamically optimized using the least squares method. A gain module is used to perform gain control based on the feedforward reference gain of the bundle and multiple beam phase-shifting signals to obtain beam feedback signals related to multiple spatial dimensions, including: differentially fusing multiple ADC bandpass sampling signals related to the spatial dimensions to obtain the bundle oscillation amplitude related to the spatial dimensions; determining the gain adjustment amount based on the bundle oscillation amplitude and the feedforward reference gain through proportional-integral control; and obtaining the beam feedback signal related to the spatial dimensions based on the gain adjustment amount. The suppression module is used to apply damping forces in multiple spatial dimensions to the bundle through a beam impactor based on multiple beam feedback signals, in order to suppress the instability modes of the bundle.

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