Cold region tunnel temperature dynamic regulation and control device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering and intelligent temperature control, and particularly relates to a cold region tunnel temperature dynamic regulation and control device which comprises a partition light-transmitting heat preservation structure connected to the inlet end of a tunnel and a full-tunnel dynamic keel structure in the tunnel. Heat absorption and heat preservation of the light-transmitting heat preservation room are achieved through composite boards, an intelligent air curtain forms an air curtain barrier at a port, and a heat preservation blanket folding and unfolding system dynamically adjusts the covering state. The keel supporting mechanism drives the insulation board to adjust the thickness of the air layer through the telescopic unit, and the sealing performance is ensured through the flexible material. The device monitors environmental parameters in real time through a sensor, cooperatively regulates and controls the working state of each component, overcomes the defects of high energy consumption and poor adaptability to extreme working conditions of a traditional fixed heat preservation mode, and realizes the unification of stable control of tunnel temperature and improvement of energy efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering and intelligent temperature control technology, and particularly relates to a dynamic temperature control device for tunnels in cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels operating in cold regions have long faced severe challenges from extreme low temperatures (≤-35℃), strong winds (≥10m / s), and seasonal frost damage. Current technologies for tunnel temperature control largely rely on fixed insulation layers (such as rock wool boards) or active heating systems (such as electric heating wires). These methods primarily reduce the impact of cold air intrusion through physical insulation or external heating, mitigating problems such as lining icing and slippery road surfaces. For example, some tunnels employ open-cut structures or localized insulation blankets to block cold air, and install basic air curtain systems at the tunnel entrances for supplemental heating. These measures are effective under normal low temperatures and have become the mainstream solutions for temperature control in tunnels in cold regions.

[0003] However, existing technologies have significant drawbacks: First, active heating strategies are inefficient, leading to high operating costs. Pure electric heating solutions in winter rely on high-grade electricity with low thermal inertia, and continue to operate at high power even during non-extreme low-temperature periods, resulting in huge energy waste. Second, passive insulation structures lack dynamic adjustment capabilities, leading to failure in temperature field control. The uniform thickness of the insulation layer cannot match the nonlinear temperature gradient from the opening to the middle section. Under extreme low temperatures, the material becomes brittle and forms "cold bridges," exacerbating the intrusion of cold air and abnormal temperature decay in the middle section. Third, the auxiliary cold-proof facilities lack functional coordination, leading to frequent safety hazards. Existing sunshade structures are difficult to withstand extreme snow loads and are prone to collapse. At the same time, obstructed ventilation and glare effects worsen the microclimate environment at the opening and the visual adaptability for driving.

[0004] Therefore, a dynamic temperature control device for tunnels in cold regions is urgently needed to solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dynamic temperature control device for tunnels in cold regions to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The dynamic temperature control device for tunnels in cold regions includes: a zoned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure connected to the tunnel entrance and a dynamic keel structure for the entire tunnel connected inside the tunnel; The partitioned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure includes: A light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber, wherein the cross-section of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber matches the cross-section of the tunnel, and one end of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber is fixed to the end of the tunnel; Intelligent air curtain mechanisms are connected to both ends of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber, and the intelligent air curtain mechanisms are used to form an air curtain at the ends of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber. It also includes a thermal blanket and a thermal blanket retraction system. The thermal blanket retraction system is fixed to the top of the light-transmitting thermal insulation room. One end of the thermal blanket is wrapped around the movable end of the thermal blanket retraction system. After the thermal blanket retraction system releases the thermal blanket, the thermal blanket covers the outside of the light-transmitting thermal insulation room. The dynamic keel structure of the entire tunnel includes a keel support mechanism connected inside the tunnel. The inner side of the keel support mechanism is connected to multiple insulation boards through telescopic units. The insulation boards between two adjacent insulation boards, as well as the insulation boards located at both ends of the keel support mechanism and the tunnel end face, are all connected by flexible insulation material. A sealed air layer is formed by enclosing multiple insulation boards between the inner surfaces of the tunnel lining; The telescopic unit adjusts the distance between the insulation board and the inner surface of the tunnel lining to adjust the thickness of the air layer; Both the partitioned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure and the full-tunnel dynamic keel structure are equipped with sensing mechanisms. The thickness of the air layer in the middle of the tunnel is less than that at the ends of the tunnel. It also includes a control mechanism, which is connected to the intelligent air curtain mechanism, the thermal blanket deployment and retraction system, the telescopic unit, and the sensing mechanism. The control mechanism is configured to receive environmental parameters collected by the sensing mechanism and generate control commands to drive the intelligent air curtain mechanism, the thermal blanket deployment and retraction system, and the telescopic unit to operate based on the environmental parameters.

[0007] Optionally, the light-transmitting and heat-insulating room is made of a steel structure frame and a high light-transmitting heat-insulating and heat-storing plate fixed on the steel structure frame. The high light-transmitting heat-insulating and heat-storing plate includes a high light-transmitting anti-reflection coating plate, an aerogel layer, an ultra-white PC board and a heat-absorbing resin board fixed in sequence from the outside to the inside. The steel structure frame is fixedly installed.

[0008] Optionally, the thermal insulation blanket includes, from the outside to the inside, a cold-region-specific high-toughness PVC, a high-toughness PE moisture-proof and air-barrier membrane, a flexible hydrophobic aluminum silicate fiber cotton felt core layer, and a high-toughness glass fiber non-woven fabric bottom layer.

[0009] Optionally, the thermal blanket storage and dispensing system includes a storage compartment, which is fixed to the top of the light-transmitting thermal insulation chamber by a storage compartment frame; It also includes a second motor, a thermal blanket drive shaft, and a power reel; The fixed end of the second motor is fixed to the storage compartment keel, and the output end of the second motor is driven by the insulation blanket drive shaft. The insulation blanket drive shaft is driven by the power roller, and both the insulation blanket drive shaft and the power roller are rotatably mounted on the storage compartment keel. One end of the thermal insulation blanket is wound around the power reel; It also includes a thermal insulation blanket leveler and a thermal insulation blanket dust removal structure. The thermal insulation blanket leveler and the thermal insulation blanket dust removal structure are fixed on the light-transmitting thermal insulation chamber. The other end of the thermal insulation blanket passes through the thermal insulation blanket leveler and the thermal insulation blanket dust removal structure in sequence and is connected to a counterweight rod. The two ends of the counterweight rod are respectively slidably engaged with the counterweight rod slide rail. The counterweight rod slide rail is fixed on the light-transmitting thermal insulation chamber and matches the outer contour of the light-transmitting thermal insulation chamber.

[0010] Optionally, the heat insulation blanket dust removal structure includes a dust removal device housing fixed on the light-transmitting heat insulation room, and a dust removal brush rotatably disposed in the dust removal device housing. One end of the dust removal brush is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of a first motor, and the fixed end of the first motor is fixed to the dust removal device housing. The dust removal brush is in contact with the surface of the thermal insulation blanket.

[0011] Optionally, the intelligent air curtain mechanism includes an air curtain support frame fixed to the inner wall of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating room. The air curtain support frame is provided with multiple air curtain mounting holes. One end of the nozzle body is fixed in the air curtain mounting hole, and the other end of the nozzle body is spherically hinged to a rotatable spherical air outlet. The nozzle body is connected to the air source through a pipe, and a heating unit is installed inside the pipe.

[0012] Optionally, the keel support mechanism includes a keel frame, and multiple telescopic units are connected to the keel frame. Each telescopic unit includes two symmetrically arranged telescopic sleeves. One end of each telescopic sleeve is hinged to the keel frame, and the other ends of both telescopic sleeves are hinged to the insulation board connecting plate. The insulation board connecting plate is fixed to the insulation board. The two telescopic sleeves and the insulation board connecting plate are combined to form a trapezoidal structure, and the distance between the connection points of the two telescopic sleeves on the insulation board connecting plate is smaller than the distance between the connection points of the two telescopic sleeves on the keel frame. The bottom of the keel frame is connected to pulleys; Anchor points are provided on the inner surface of the tunnel lining for fixed connection with the keel frame.

[0013] Optionally, the control mechanism includes a prediction model, a judgment module, and a drive module; The prediction model collects environmental parameters inside and outside the tunnel in real time through the sensing mechanism, and inputs the environmental parameters into the prediction model. The prediction model obtains the predicted value of the tunnel temperature based on the environmental parameters. The environmental parameters include temperature, wind speed, and radiation data; The prediction model includes a first sub-model and a second sub-model. The first sub-model is used to process instantaneous environmental features to obtain an instantaneous temperature deviation prediction value, and the second sub-model is used to process time-series environmental features to obtain a trend temperature prediction value. The fusion weights of the instantaneous temperature deviation prediction value and the trend temperature prediction value are dynamically adjusted based on the real-time ambient temperature change rate, and the weighted fusion result of the instantaneous temperature deviation prediction value and the trend temperature prediction value is used as the tunnel temperature prediction value. The judgment module contains temperature field risk level data, and the judgment module is used to compare the predicted tunnel temperature with the temperature field risk level data to obtain the current temperature field risk level. The drive module is equipped with multiple response strategies. The drive module obtains the corresponding response strategy according to the current temperature field risk level, and controls the telescopic unit to adjust the thickness of the air layer between the insulation board and the inner surface of the tunnel lining according to the response strategy; and controls the start and stop, wind speed and heating status of the intelligent air curtain mechanism; and controls the unfolding or folding of the insulation blanket retraction system.

[0014] Optionally, the various response strategies include: When the risk level is determined to be Level I, the thickness of the air layer is maintained at the baseline value, and the heating function of the intelligent air curtain mechanism is turned off. When the risk level is determined to be Level II, the telescopic unit is controlled to increase the thickness of the air layer and the low-speed heating mode of the intelligent air curtain mechanism is activated. When the risk level is determined to be Level III, the telescopic unit is controlled to adjust the thickness of the air layer to the maximum value, and the high-speed heating mode of the intelligent air curtain mechanism is activated. At the same time, the insulation blanket retraction system is controlled to ensure that the insulation blanket completely covers the light-transmitting insulation room.

[0015] Optionally, the method for adjusting the fusion weights includes: Calculate the absolute value of the rate of change of the ambient temperature at the current moment; When the absolute value is greater than a preset threshold, the weight coefficient of the first sub-model is increased and the weight coefficient of the second sub-model is decreased. When the absolute value is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the weight coefficient of the first sub-model is reduced and the weight coefficient of the second sub-model is increased.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention effectively solves the problems of high energy consumption, slow response, and insufficient equipment reliability under extreme conditions in traditional fixed insulation systems by combining a zoned light-transmitting insulation structure with a dynamic tunnel keel structure and an intelligent sensing and control mechanism. The light-transmitting insulation chamber utilizes natural light for heat absorption and storage, combined with air curtain barriers and dynamic insulation blanket coverage to reduce the need for active heating. The keel structure adjusts the air layer thickness through telescopic units to achieve uniform longitudinal temperature control in the tunnel. The overall device improves insulation accuracy while reducing maintenance costs and enhances the system's adaptability to low-temperature and high-wind environments, providing a sustainable temperature control solution for tunnels in cold regions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the partitioned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the partitioned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal blanket take-up and take-down system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the power reel of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight rod structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the dust removal structure of the thermal insulation blanket of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the dust removal brush structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the air curtain support frame structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the nozzle of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the high light transmittance heat-insulating and heat-storing plate structure of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal insulation blanket structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic keel structure of the entire tunnel according to the present invention; Figure 13 This is a front view of the dynamic keel structure of the entire tunnel according to the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the keel frame structure of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulation board and flexible insulation material of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the insulation board and the flexible insulation material of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic sleeve structure of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the pulley structure of the present invention; The components include: 1. Thermal blanket storage and take-up system; 1-1. Storage compartment; 1-2. Storage compartment frame; 1-3. Power roller; 1-4. Thermal blanket drive shaft; 1-5. Thermal blanket leveler; 1-6. Thermal blanket dust removal structure; 1-6-1. Dust removal device housing; 1-6-2. First motor; 1-6-3. Dust removal brush; 1-7. Second motor; 2. High-transmittance thermal insulation and heat storage board; 2-1. High-transmittance anti-reflective coating board; 2-2. Aerogel layer; 2-3. Ultra-white PC board; 2-4. Heat-absorbing resin board; 3. Thermal blanket; 3-1. High-toughness PVC for cold regions; 3-2. High-toughness PE moisture-proof and air-barrier film; 3-3. Flexible hydrophobic aluminum silicate fiber cotton felt core layer; 3-4. High-toughness fiberglass nonwoven fabric bottom layer; 4. Intelligent air curtain mechanism; 4-1. Air curtain support frame; 4-2. Air curtain mounting holes; 4-3. Nozzle body; 4-4. Rotatable spherical air outlet; 5. Wind speed sensor; 6. Temperature sensor; 7. Counterweight rod slide; 8. Steel structure frame; 9. Counterweight rod; 10. Tunnel lining; 11. Keel support mechanism; 11-1. Telescopic sleeve; 11-2. Insulation board connecting plate; 11-3. Keel frame; 11-4. Pulley; 12. Insulation board; 13. Flexible insulation material; 14. Air layer. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figures 1 to 18 The present invention discloses a dynamic temperature control device for tunnels in cold regions, comprising: a zoned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure connected to the tunnel entrance and a dynamic keel structure for the entire tunnel connected inside the tunnel. The zoned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure includes: The light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber has a cross-section that matches the tunnel cross-section, and one end of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber is fixed to the tunnel end. Intelligent air curtain mechanisms 4 are connected to both ends of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating room. The intelligent air curtain mechanisms 4 are used to form an air curtain at the ends of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating room. It also includes a thermal blanket 3 and a thermal blanket retraction system 1. The thermal blanket retraction system 1 is fixed to the top of the light-transmitting thermal insulation room. One end of the thermal blanket 3 is wrapped around the movable end of the thermal blanket retraction system 1. After the thermal blanket retraction system 1 releases the thermal blanket 3, the thermal blanket 3 covers the outside of the light-transmitting thermal insulation room. The dynamic keel structure of the entire tunnel includes a keel support mechanism 11 connected inside the tunnel. Multiple insulation boards 12 are connected to the inner side of the keel support mechanism 11 through telescopic units. The insulation boards 12 located at both ends of the keel support mechanism 11 are connected to the tunnel end face through flexible insulation material 13. A sealed air layer 14 is formed by multiple insulation boards 12 enclosing the inner surface of the tunnel lining 10. The telescopic unit adjusts the distance between the insulation board 12 and the inner surface of the tunnel lining 10 to adjust the thickness of the air layer 14; Both the zoned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure and the full-tunnel dynamic keel structure are equipped with sensing mechanisms. Among them, the thickness of the air layer 14 in the middle of the tunnel is less than that at the end of the tunnel; It also includes a control mechanism, which is connected to the intelligent air curtain mechanism 4, the thermal blanket deployment and retraction system 1, the telescopic unit, and the sensing mechanism. The control mechanism is configured to receive environmental parameters collected by the sensing mechanism and generate control commands to drive the intelligent air curtain mechanism 4, the thermal blanket deployment and retraction system 1, and the telescopic unit based on the environmental parameters.

[0021] The operation of the dynamic temperature control device for tunnels in cold regions is as follows: Under low-temperature conditions in winter, the insulation blanket deployment system 1 releases the insulation blanket 3 to cover the outside of the light-transmitting insulation chamber to reduce the intrusion of cold air at the tunnel entrance; the intelligent air curtain mechanism 4 forms a hot air curtain at both ends of the light-transmitting insulation chamber; the composite panels of the light-transmitting insulation chamber absorb and store heat under sunlight conditions, and mainly play a passive insulation role under no-sunlight conditions. At the same time, the sensing mechanism collects environmental parameters in real time, and the control mechanism drives the telescopic unit to adjust the thickness of the air layer 14 according to the temperature field risk level to achieve coordinated control of the temperature at the tunnel entrance and inside the tunnel. In non-winter or low-risk conditions, the system switches to a low-power standby mode, the insulation blanket 3 is stored, and the air layer 14 maintains the baseline thickness or is finely adjusted as needed to take into account ventilation, energy saving, and emergency response requirements. As an optional implementation, the light-transmitting heat-insulating room is made of a steel structure frame 8 and a high light-transmitting heat-insulating heat storage plate 2 fixed on the steel structure frame 8. The high light-transmitting heat-insulating heat storage plate 2 includes a high light-transmitting anti-reflection coating plate 2-1, an aerogel layer 2-2, an ultra-white PC board 2-3, and a heat-absorbing resin board 2-4, which are fixed sequentially from the outside to the inside. The steel structure frame is fixed in place.

[0022] The light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber is fixedly supported by a steel structure frame 8. The high-transmittance heat-insulating and heat-storing board 2 is stacked from the outside to the inside as follows: high-transmittance anti-reflective coating board 2-1, aerogel layer 2-2, ultra-white PC board 2-3, and heat-absorbing resin board 2-4. In use, the heat-absorbing resin board 2-4 absorbs infrared heat from natural light and releases it slowly, the aerogel layer 2-2 blocks heat loss, and the ultra-white PC board 2-3 shares the load. The whole structure achieves "heat absorption-heat storage-heat locking" synergy in winter, improving the heat insulation efficiency and structural stability of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber.

[0023] As an optional implementation, the thermal blanket 3 includes, from the outside to the inside, a cold-region-specific high-toughness PVC 3-1, a high-toughness PE moisture-proof and air-barrier membrane 3-2, a flexible hydrophobic aluminum silicate fiber cotton felt core layer 3-3, and a high-toughness glass fiber non-woven fabric bottom layer 3-4.

[0024] The thermal blanket 3 uses high-toughness PVC 3-1 specifically designed for cold regions to resist wind and snow erosion, high-toughness PE moisture-proof and air-barrier membrane 3-2 to block moisture penetration, flexible water-repellent aluminum silicate fiber cotton felt core layer 3-3 to provide core insulation, and high-toughness glass fiber non-woven fabric bottom layer 3-4 to enhance structural stability. When the blanket is taken out, the thermal blanket taking out system 1 controls the counterweight rod 9 to unfold smoothly along the counterweight rod slide 7, forming a dynamic sealing barrier, effectively blocking the intrusion of cold air below -40℃ and reducing heat loss.

[0025] As an optional implementation, the thermal blanket storage and dispensing system 1 includes a storage compartment 1-1, which is fixed to the top of the light-transmitting thermal insulation room by a storage compartment frame 1-2; It also includes a second motor 1-7, a thermal blanket drive shaft 1-4, and a power reel 1-3; The fixed end of the second motor 1-7 is fixed to the storage compartment keel 1-2. The output end of the second motor 1-7 is connected to the insulation blanket drive shaft 1-4. The insulation blanket drive shaft 1-4 is connected to the power roller 1-3. Both the insulation blanket drive shaft 1-4 and the power roller 1-3 are rotatably mounted on the storage compartment keel 1-2. One end of the thermal insulation blanket 3 is wound around the power reel 1-3; It also includes a thermal insulation blanket leveler 1-5 and a thermal insulation blanket dust removal structure 1-6. The thermal insulation blanket leveler 1-5 and the thermal insulation blanket dust removal structure 1-6 are fixed on the light-transmitting thermal insulation chamber. The other end of the thermal insulation blanket 3 passes through the thermal insulation blanket leveler 1-5 and the thermal insulation blanket dust removal structure 1-6 in sequence and is connected to the counterweight rod 9. The two ends of the counterweight rod 9 are respectively slidably engaged with the counterweight rod slide 7. The counterweight rod slide 7 is fixed on the light-transmitting thermal insulation chamber and matches the outer contour of the light-transmitting thermal insulation chamber.

[0026] The insulation blanket unfolding and retracting system 1 uses a second motor 1-7 to drive the insulation blanket drive shaft 1-4 and the power roller 1-3 to rotate in tandem, thus unfolding and retracting the insulation blanket 3. When unfolded, the insulation blanket 3 is flattened by the insulation blanket leveler 1-5 and then smoothly slides down the counterweight rod 9 along the counterweight rod slide 7 under gravity to cover the light-transmitting insulation chamber. When retracted, the insulation blanket dust removal structure 1-6 automatically removes surface debris. The entire process is supported by the storage compartment keel 1-2, ensuring that the insulation blanket 3 conforms to the outer contour of the wall, forming a dynamic sealing barrier, effectively improving insulation efficiency and equipment reliability.

[0027] As an optional implementation, the heat insulation blanket dust removal structure 1-6 includes a dust removal device housing 1-6-1 fixed on the light-transmitting heat insulation chamber, and a dust removal brush 1-6-3 rotatably disposed inside the dust removal device housing 1-6-1. One end of the dust removal brush 1-6-3 is coaxially fixed with the output shaft of the first motor 1-6-2, and the fixed end of the first motor 1-6-2 is fixed to the dust removal device housing 1-6-1. Dust removal brush 1-6-3 comes into contact with the surface of insulation blanket 3.

[0028] The dust removal structure 1-6 of the thermal blanket automatically operates when the thermal blanket 3 is recycled. The first motor 1-6-2 drives the dust removal brush 1-6-3 to rotate, removing snow, dust, and other debris adhering to the surface of the thermal blanket 3. The dust removal device housing 1-6-1 provides a sealed space to prevent secondary pollution. This process effectively prevents debris from being drawn into the power roller 1-3, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the thermal blanket take-up and take-down system 1 and reducing maintenance frequency.

[0029] As an optional implementation, the intelligent air curtain mechanism 4 includes an air curtain support frame 4-1 fixed to the inner wall of the light-transmitting heat-insulating room. Multiple air curtain mounting holes 4-2 are provided on the air curtain support frame 4-1. One end of the nozzle body 4-3 is fixed in the air curtain mounting hole 4-2, and the other end of the nozzle body 4-3 is spherically hinged to the rotatable spherical air outlet 4-4. The nozzle body 4-3 is connected to the air source through a pipe, and a heating unit is installed inside the pipe.

[0030] The intelligent air curtain mechanism 4 is fixed to the inner wall of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber via an air curtain support frame 4-1. The nozzle body 4-3, installed in the air curtain mounting hole 4-2, is spherically hinged to the rotatable spherical air outlet 4-4, enabling dynamic adjustment of the jet angle. During system operation, cold air delivered by the fan is heated by the heating unit within the pipeline and then ejected through the nozzle body 4-3 to the rotatable spherical air outlet 4-4, forming a double-sided, overlapping hot air curtain layer (thickness 500-1000mm). This range is determined based on fluid dynamics simulation and field tests, effectively blocking the intrusion of cold air with a wind speed ≤10m / s, while avoiding spatial interference with facilities inside the tunnel. During operation, the system dynamically adjusts the air outlet angle, wind speed, and wind temperature based on data from the temperature sensor 6 and the wind speed sensor 5, precisely covering the end section of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber, blocking cold air intrusion, and working in conjunction with the insulation blanket 3 and the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber to maintain a stable temperature in the tunnel entrance area. Through three major mechanisms—"on-demand start-stop" (operating at full power only during high-risk periods), "directional injection" (avoiding full-area heating), and "multi-structure collaborative load reduction" (reducing total heat demand)—the system significantly saves electricity compared to traditional constant-power air curtain systems, resulting in remarkable energy-saving effects.

[0031] As an optional implementation, the keel support mechanism 11 includes a keel frame 11-3, and multiple telescopic units are connected to the keel frame 11-3. Each telescopic unit includes two symmetrically arranged telescopic sleeves 11-1. One end of the telescopic sleeve 11-1 is hinged to the keel frame 11-3, and the other end of both telescopic sleeves 11-1 is hinged to the insulation board connecting plate 11-2. The insulation board connecting plate 11-2 is fixed to the insulation board 12. Among them, the two telescopic sleeves 11-1 and the insulation board connecting plate 11-2 are combined to form a trapezoidal structure, and the distance between the connection points of the two telescopic sleeves 11-1 on the insulation board connecting plate 11-2 is smaller than the distance between the connection points of the two telescopic sleeves 11-1 on the keel frame 11-3.

[0032] The keel support mechanism 11 is fixed to the tunnel lining 10 via the keel frame 11-3. Its telescopic unit consists of two symmetrically hinged telescopic sleeves 11-1 and an insulation board connecting plate 11-2 forming a trapezoidal stable structure. During operation, the telescopic sleeves 11-1 extend and retract, causing the insulation board connecting plate 11-2 and the insulation board 12 fixed thereon to move as a whole, dynamically adjusting the thickness (0-35cm) of the air layer 14 between the insulation board 12 and the inner surface of the tunnel lining 10. Combined with the sealing of the flexible insulation material 13, precise temperature control and structural stability of the entire tunnel section are achieved.

[0033] As an optional implementation, the keel frame 11-3 is connected to pulleys 11-4.

[0034] As an optional implementation, the sensing mechanism includes at least a wind speed sensor 5 and a temperature sensor 6.

[0035] As an optional implementation, anchor points are provided on the inner surface of the tunnel lining 10 for fixed connection with the keel frame 11-3.

[0036] As an optional implementation, the control mechanism includes a prediction model, a judgment module, and a drive module; The prediction model collects environmental parameters inside and outside the tunnel in real time through sensing mechanisms, and inputs the environmental parameters into the prediction model. The prediction model obtains the predicted value of tunnel temperature based on the environmental parameters. The environmental parameters include temperature, wind speed, and radiation data. The prediction model includes a first sub-model and a second sub-model. The first sub-model is used to process instantaneous environmental features to obtain the instantaneous temperature deviation prediction value, and the second sub-model is used to process time-series environmental features to obtain the trend temperature prediction value. Based on the real-time ambient temperature change rate, the fusion weight of the instantaneous temperature deviation prediction value and the trend temperature prediction value is dynamically adjusted, and the weighted fusion result of the instantaneous temperature deviation prediction value and the trend temperature prediction value is used as the tunnel temperature prediction value. The judgment module contains temperature field risk level data. The judgment module is used to compare the predicted tunnel temperature with the temperature field risk level data to obtain the current temperature field risk level. The drive module is equipped with multiple response strategies. The drive module obtains the corresponding response strategy according to the current temperature field risk level, and controls the telescopic unit to adjust the thickness of the air layer 14 between the insulation board 12 and the inner surface of the tunnel lining 10 according to the response strategy; and controls the start and stop, wind speed and heating status of the intelligent air curtain mechanism 4; and controls the unfolding or folding of the insulation blanket 3 by the insulation blanket unfolding system 1.

[0037] As an optional implementation, several response strategies include: When the risk level is determined to be Level I, the thickness of the air layer 14 is maintained at the baseline value, and the heating function of the intelligent air curtain mechanism 4 is turned off. When the risk level is determined to be Level II, the control telescopic unit increases the thickness of the air layer 14 and activates the low-speed heating mode of the intelligent air curtain mechanism 4. When the risk level is determined to be Level III, the control telescopic unit adjusts the thickness of the air layer 14 to the maximum value and activates the high-speed heating mode of the intelligent air curtain mechanism 4. At the same time, the control of the insulation blanket retraction system 1 ensures that the insulation blanket 3 completely covers the light-transmitting insulation room.

[0038] As an optional implementation method, the method for adjusting the fusion weights includes: Calculate the absolute value of the rate of change of the ambient temperature at the current moment; When the absolute value is greater than the preset threshold, increase the weight coefficient of the first sub-model and decrease the weight coefficient of the second sub-model. When the absolute value is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the weight coefficient of the first sub-model is reduced and the weight coefficient of the second sub-model is increased.

[0039] As an optional implementation, the control mechanism uses a multi-model fusion prediction algorithm to predict temperature trends.

[0040] The multi-model fusion prediction algorithm includes a first prediction sub-model (such as a gradient boosting tree-based model) and a second prediction sub-model (such as a long short-term memory network-based model). The first sub-model (XGBoost) is configured to receive the instantaneous environmental feature vector at the current moment, which includes at least the wind speed change gradient, traffic density, and equipment start-up and shutdown status, and is used to output the instantaneous temperature deviation prediction value based on the current operating conditions. The second sub-model (LSTM) is configured to receive a time-series environmental feature sequence from a preset time window in the past. The sequence includes at least the continuous temperature change rate and the surrounding rock thermal response hysteresis parameter, and is used to output a trend temperature prediction value based on thermal inertia. The control mechanism is configured to: dynamically allocate the output weights of the first prediction sub-model and the second prediction sub-model according to the characteristic complexity of the real-time environmental parameters, and generate control instructions based on the weighted results; The sensing mechanism is configured to collect temperature and wind speed data inside and outside the tunnel at preset time intervals. It includes a keel frame 11-3, with multiple telescopic units connected to the keel frame 11-3. Each telescopic unit includes two symmetrically arranged telescopic sleeves 11-1, each telescopic sleeve 11-1 comprising an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve that are nested together. One end of each telescopic sleeve 11-1 is hinged to the keel frame 11-3, and the other ends of both telescopic sleeves 11-1 are hinged to an insulation board connecting plate 11-2. The insulation board connecting plate 11-2 is fixed to the insulation board 12. Among them, the two telescopic sleeves 11-1 and the insulation board connecting plate 11-2 are combined to form a trapezoidal structure, and the distance between the connection points of the two telescopic sleeves 11-1 on the insulation board connecting plate 11-2 is smaller than the distance between the connection points of the two telescopic sleeves 11-1 on the keel frame 11-3.

[0041] Specifically, the zoned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure includes a storage compartment 1-1, a high-transmittance heat-insulating and heat-storing plate 2, a heat-insulating blanket 3, and an intelligent air curtain mechanism 4. Each component coordinates with the other through an intelligent control system to achieve dynamic adjustment and intelligent interconnection of the entire system.

[0042] Among them, the high-transmittance heat-insulating and heat-storing panel 2 mainly consists of four layers from the outside to the inside: Layer 1: High light transmittance anti-reflection coating board 2-1. High light transmittance anti-reflection coating board 2-1 is a high-strength polycarbonate high light transmittance anti-reflection coating board. It is UV resistant on both sides and coated with an anti-reflection coating on the inner side. It has excellent impact resistance, can gather natural light and reduce reflection loss, and at the same time resist blizzards and strong winds and sandstorms. The second layer: Aerogel layer 2-2. Aerogel layer 2-2 is a composite grid-reinforced nano-silica aerogel layer, which has the functions of heat preservation, structural reinforcement and waterproofing and moisture-proofing. It blocks heat conduction / convection and isolates the external low temperature. The third layer: Ultra-white PC board 2-3. Ultra-white PC board 2-3 is a cold-resistant and UV-resistant modified ultra-white PC board. As a light-transmitting support layer, it shares the load of the outer layer, improves the overall weather resistance, and is suitable for extreme low temperatures below -40℃. The fourth layer: heat-absorbing resin board 2-4. The heat-absorbing resin board 2-4 is an infrared heat-absorbing resin board (core inner layer) with a low-temperature resistant coating. It contains a high content of infrared heat-absorbing filler, which absorbs infrared heat from natural light and slowly releases it into the cave. When there is no sunlight, it releases the stored residual heat and blocks the heat loss from the cave to the outside. It is also resistant to low temperature and cracking and helps protect the inner layer structure.

[0043] The interlayer connection method adopts "vacuum adsorption bonding + aluminum alloy pressure strip reinforcement + double sealant edge sealing".

[0044] The thermal insulation blanket 3 adopts a four-layer composite structure with a total thickness of 9mm; from the outside to the inside, it consists of: cold-region-specific high-toughness PVC 3-1, high-toughness PE moisture-proof and air-barrier membrane 3-2, flexible water-repellent aluminum silicate fiber cotton felt core layer 3-3, and high-toughness glass fiber non-woven fabric bottom layer 3-4.

[0045] The thermal insulation blanket 3 adopts a layered high-temperature hot-pressing composite + overall high-pressure shaping process, which controls the temperature, pressure and pressing speed throughout the process, taking into account the interlayer bonding strength and material flexibility, and avoiding the loss of insulation due to the compaction of the glass wool core layer and the embrittlement of the high-toughness PVC and PE film.

[0046] The main structure of the thermal blanket storage and take-up system 1 includes: storage compartment 1-1, power roller 1-3, power system, transmission structure, dust removal structure, and counterweight bar.

[0047] The thermal blanket 3 is stored in storage compartment 1-1 for daily use. Storage compartment 1-1 is a small steel structure box, with an external enclosure made of color steel sandwich panels with a rock wool core specifically for cold regions. Its back is fixedly connected to the rock mass or lining of the tunnel entrance to ensure overall stability. Inside the storage compartment, there is a storage compartment frame 1-2, which provides support for the roller and transmission device. The lower part of the storage compartment frame 1-2 is connected to the top of the partitioned light-transmitting thermal insulation structure to provide additional support. Storage compartment 1-1 is equipped with a thermal blanket dust removal structure 1-6, which mainly includes a dust removal device housing 1-6-1, a first motor 1-6-2, and dust removal brushes 1-6-3. The thermal blanket dust removal structure 1-6 is equipped with a dedicated lifting rod. When the thermal blanket 3 is retracted, the lifting rod lowers, and the first motor 1-6-2 is turned on to start the dust removal work to prevent debris from being drawn in and affecting the normal operation of the roller. When the thermal blanket 3 is released, the lifting rod rises to ensure that the thermal blanket descends smoothly.

[0048] The dust removal brush 1-6-3 is made of a low-temperature resistant and wear-resistant material. Further, the dust removal device housing 1-6-1 may optionally integrate an auxiliary heating component, such as a PTC heating element, or the outer surface of the insulation blanket 3 may be coated with a hydrophobic and anti-icing coating. When the ambient temperature is below a preset threshold, such as -20℃, the auxiliary heating component is activated or relies on the frictional heat recovered by the insulation blanket to prevent ice and snow from accumulating on the brush, ensuring effective dust removal. The thermal blanket 3 is powered by the second motor 1-7. The second motor 1-7 directly drives the power roller 1-3 to rotate to realize the thermal blanket 3. If necessary, the second motor 1-7 can be set at both ends of the power roller 1-3 to drive the power roller 1-3 to rotate synchronously. If the power roller 1-3 is too long, a motor can also be added in the middle.

[0049] In addition, the counterweight rod 9 is required. During the unfolding process, the thermal blanket 3 unfolds along the predetermined track under the gravity of the falling counterweight rod 9.

[0050] The counterweight rod 9 and the lower end of the insulation blanket 3 are flexibly hinged, and the connection points are evenly distributed to avoid local tearing of the material due to single-point stress.

[0051] It is also equipped with a track, on which guide wheels slide. The guide wheels are in rotatable engagement with the end of the counterweight rod 9. The guide wheels and the track together limit the left and right deviation of the insulation blanket 3 when it slides down. The deviation is ≤10mm to prevent the edge of the insulation blanket 3 from rubbing and breaking against the track. The straightness of the working track is ≤0.5‰, with no local bending, to ensure that the counterweight rod slides down smoothly.

[0052] At both the tunnel entrance and exit ends and the exit end of the zoned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure, an intelligent air curtain mechanism 4 consisting of multiple arched nozzles is used, with one row on each side. The intelligent air curtain mechanism 4 includes an air curtain support frame 4-1, an air curtain mounting hole 4-2, a nozzle body 4-3, and a rotatable spherical air outlet 4-4.

[0053] Multiple nozzle bodies 4-3 are longitudinally arranged along both sides of the tunnel arch wall, with their curvature precisely fitting the tunnel arch wall and fixed to the air curtain support frame 4-1. The multiple nozzle bodies 4-3 can be controlled independently.

[0054] The design is changed to a double-sided jet cross-over superposition, with a single-sided jet diffusion angle of 20-25°, forming a continuous and dense hot air curtain layer at the center of the cross-section, achieving full-section coverage of the tunnel's net width and height without dead angles. The number of nozzles opened, jet velocity, air temperature, and nozzle angle can be dynamically adjusted according to the tunnel's internal temperature and traffic flow. The core working principle, structural layout, and control method are as follows: The system's air source is a centrifugal fan installed in a dedicated equipment compartment outside the tunnel main body. The fan is supplied with air independently by two rows of nozzles on the left and right sides. Each row of nozzles is connected to a dedicated branch air supply pipe, realizing independent air supply to both sides and avoiding blind spots in single-row coverage, ensuring that the hot air curtain has no dead angles to block cold air.

[0055] Each row of nozzles has 4-3 branch air supply pipes equipped with independent regulating valves, allowing independent control of the air velocity of each row of nozzles by adjusting the air supply pressure. The thickness of the hot air curtain layer formed by the cross-over superposition of the jets on both sides dynamically changes with the air velocity. The air velocity of the nozzles on both sides and the number of nozzles open can be adjusted individually or simultaneously according to the temperature and traffic flow requirements inside the tunnel, ensuring the cold air blocking effect of the full-section hot air curtain. For air temperature control, a dedicated airflow heating channel is set between the tunnel arch wall and the nozzle cavity. Resistance wires (electric heating elements) are arranged on the inner wall of the channel. The cold air from the outside delivered by the fan enters the heating channel through the branch air supply pipes, and the airflow is heated to a constant temperature by energizing the resistance wires. The start and stop of the resistance wires and the heating power can be intelligently controlled. The heated airflow is sprayed through the nozzles to form a hot air curtain, achieving precise dynamic adjustment of the air temperature.

[0056] The rotatable spherical air outlet 4-4 and the nozzle body 4-3 adopt a rotating hinge structure. The nozzle is driven to deflect by an electric actuator on the side of the mounting slot. The electric actuator is fixed to the pre-embedded bracket in the arch wall and reserved for installation. The rotation angle of the rotatable spherical air outlet 4-4 can be intelligently controlled by the tunnel environment monitoring system or manually adjusted. The jet direction is optimized by adjusting the angle to ensure that the jets on both sides are accurately superimposed and that the hot air curtain layer covers the entire cross section.

[0057] It also includes a dynamic keel structure for the entire tunnel, which works closely with the tunnel lining 10 structure. The tunnel lining 10 has a circular or horseshoe-shaped cross-section, and the circumferential arc of the keel frame 11-3 precisely matches the inner arc surface of the tunnel lining 10, ensuring that the keel frame 11-3 and the main tunnel structure form a stable load-bearing support system.

[0058] The tunnel lining 10 serves as the installation foundation for the keel frame 11-3. Its surface is treated with anti-rust and anti-corrosion measures. The tunnel lining 10 is reserved with connection anchor points to the keel frame 11-3. Air layer 14: Located between tunnel lining 10 and insulation board 12, its thickness is dynamically adjusted by telescopic sleeve 11-1 to form a heat insulation cavity; The keel frame 11-3 serves as the core load-bearing structure, with its Q355ND steel outer sleeve fixed to the pre-set anchor points of the tunnel lining 10. The telescopic sleeve 11-1 achieves axial expansion and contraction via an electric push rod. This electric push rod moves the insulation board connecting plate 11-2 back and forth, dynamically adjusting the thickness of the air layer 14, thereby regulating the temperature inside the tunnel. A pulley is connected to the bottom of the keel frame 11-3 for easy installation and adjustment. To ensure cross-sectional integrity during expansion and contraction, a certain gap is maintained between adjacent keel grids, ensuring a tight connection during the expansion and contraction process.

[0059] It should be noted that the dynamic keel structure of the entire tunnel does not refer to a single connecting rod that runs the entire length of the tunnel. In actual engineering, the keel support mechanism 11 adopts a segmented modular design. The tunnel is divided into several independent control sections along the longitudinal direction, such as one section every 200 meters. Each section is equipped with an independent keel frame 11-3 and drive unit. The control mechanisms of each section are connected through a communication network and coordinated by a central control mechanism to achieve synchronous or differentiated adjustment throughout the entire tunnel. This segmented design effectively solves the problems of cumulative error, thermal expansion and contraction stress, and drive synchronization in long-distance transmission. The insulation plate 12 is installed on the insulation plate connecting plate 11-2 and extends and retracts with the telescopic sleeve 11-1 to adjust its position. Flexible insulation material 13 is filled in the gaps between adjacent insulation boards 12 and at the joints between the keel and the insulation board 12 to ensure the air layer 14 is sealed and intact.

[0060] The telescopic sleeve 11-1 adopts a steel nested telescopic structure, which consists of an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, an electric push rod, a guide sleeve, and a sealing assembly.

[0061] The outer sleeve is a fixed end, which is hinged to the keel frame 11-3. The inner side of the sleeve wall is provided with a guide groove to ensure that the inner sleeve does not shift during the expansion and contraction process. The inner sleeve is a telescopic end, nested inside the outer sleeve. The outer side is hinged to the insulation board connecting plate 11-2. The inner side is reserved with a threaded hole adapted to the electric push rod. The end is welded with a steel limit block, which forms a limit buffer fit with the polyurethane buffer pad inside the outer sleeve. The telescopic sleeve 11-1 has a telescopic stroke of 0~30 cm, which can be adjusted according to control commands; its telescopic speed and positioning accuracy can be set according to engineering needs to adapt to low-temperature working conditions. The electric push rod has a built-in displacement sensing module. When the displacement exceeds the preset threshold, it automatically executes the stop movement program. If it still cannot be stopped, it will alarm and switch to emergency mode.

[0062] The connection between the telescopic sleeve 11-1 and the insulation board 12 adopts a composite connection method of "rigid connection + elastic buffer" to ensure the stability of the connection and the uniformity of the force on the insulation board 12.

[0063] A square flange is welded to one end of the telescopic sleeve 11-1, and four symmetrical connection holes are reserved. The flange and the telescopic end adopt a double-sided bevel weld of grade II or above to ensure the connection strength under low temperature and vibration environment.

[0064] The inner side of the insulation board 12 is prefabricated with an integrated stainless steel embedded part of "anchor bolt + threaded groove base". The anchor bolt is inserted into the board by ≥50mm. The base is flush with the inner surface of the board, and the hole position corresponds precisely with the flange. The area around the anchor bolt is filled with thermal insulation mortar to prevent thermal bridges.

[0065] The flange and the embedded base are fastened with stainless steel high-strength friction bolts to control the preload and transmit axial force; the threaded parts are coated with low-temperature anti-rust grease to prevent corrosion and jamming.

[0066] Polyurethane elastic washers are installed at the bolts to cover the connection holes, buffering expansion, contraction, vibration and temperature stress, and preventing the insulation board 12 from cracking.

[0067] Butyl waterproof tape is applied to the gap between the flange and the insulation board 12; aluminum foil sealing tape is wrapped around the bolt heads and the outside of the flange, and aerogel sealant is filled in; the splice seam of the insulation board 12 is staggered from the node.

[0068] A rigid polyurethane heat insulation pad is added between the flange and the insulation board 12, and a nylon heat insulation sleeve is fitted on the bolt rod to block the metal heat conduction path and prevent condensation and icing.

[0069] The edges of adjacent insulation boards 12 are designed with a stepped staggered joint structure with an overlap width of 150mm to ensure that there are no direct through gaps; the insulation board 12 is made of modified polyurethane insulation board with chamfered edges to avoid stress concentration during overlap. Sealing measures: Adjacent insulation boards 12 are connected by flexible insulation material 13. The flexible insulation material 13 is normally in a relaxed state. When the keel expands and contracts, the gap between adjacent insulation boards 12 increases. The elastic material is stretched to ensure that the air layer 14 does not enter the outside cold air, and to achieve the purpose of increasing the thickness of the air layer 14 and improving the insulation effect.

[0070] The dynamic keel system for the entire tunnel is based on the longitudinal temperature field distribution pattern of the tunnel. The temperature gradually increases from the tunnel entrance to the middle section, and the rate of temperature drop slows down. The expansion and contraction of the keel is adjusted in a linear gradient along the longitudinal direction to avoid heat conduction disorder caused by sudden changes in the thickness of the local air layer. At the same time, the circumferential keel is adjusted synchronously to ensure that the insulation layer of the tunnel section is flat and without any unevenness or misalignment, thus ensuring traffic safety and structural sealing.

[0071] Under extreme low-temperature conditions in winter, the device first activates a graded response mechanism based on real-time monitored temperature thresholds: when the ambient temperature is below the first-level warning value (e.g., -5℃), the sensing mechanism within the dynamic keel structure of the entire tunnel triggers the telescopic unit, driving the keel support mechanism 11 to make fine adjustments, forming a reference air layer 14 between the insulation board 12 and the inner surface of the tunnel lining 10; when the temperature drops to the second-level severe cold value (e.g., -20℃), the insulation blanket release system 1 releases the insulation blanket 3 to cover the outside of the light-transmitting insulation chamber, while the intelligent air curtain mechanism 4 sprays hot air at both ends to form an air curtain; when the temperature reaches the third-level extreme cold value (e.g., -35℃), the system enters an enhanced mode, controlling the air layer 14 to rapidly thicken to its maximum value and increasing the heating power of the air curtain. The light-transmitting insulation chamber utilizes its composite structure in conjunction with the above actions to achieve natural light heat absorption and heat retention.

[0072] In terms of spatial distribution, the device abandons rigid fixed distances or simple proportional divisions, and adopts a "dynamic adaptive segmentation strategy based on a thermodynamic influence length model." The system collects real-time data on external air temperature and wind speed, as well as the longitudinal temperature gradient inside the tunnel, dynamically calculates the influence range of cold air, and divides the tunnel longitudinally into an entrance reinforcement section, a middle stable section, and an exit reinforcement section, with intelligent transition buffer zones set between sections. Reinforced section at the entrance / exit (dynamically affected area): The extent of this region is determined by the real-time temperature field gradient: starting from the entrance of the cave and ending at the interface where the longitudinal temperature drop rate inside the cave drops to a critical value or the temperature rises back to a stable threshold.

[0073] Length dynamics: For long tunnels, the length of this section usually converges to the theoretically calculated maximum influence length (generally 200m~600m, depending on wind speed and temperature difference), and does not increase indefinitely with the total length of the tunnel; for short tunnels, the reinforcement zones at both ends are automatically merged, and the entire tunnel is regarded as a reinforcement section, with no middle section division.

[0074] Control Logic: Within this region, the expansion and contraction of the keel decreases non-linearly exponentially from the maximum threshold (30-35cm, corresponding to Level III risk) inwards. At the initial end (approximately 0-50m or the zone of most severe temperature drop), maximum expansion and contraction is maintained to withstand extreme cold. Subsequently, within the interval, the rate of decrease in expansion and contraction is dynamically adjusted according to the slope of the real-time temperature curve, ensuring a precise match between insulation capacity and heat loss rate, seamlessly connecting to the mid-section baseline value at the end of the reinforced section. The outlet section strictly follows symmetrical logic and incorporates a wind direction coefficient for the traveling piston wind. When the prevailing wind direction blows towards the outlet, the range of the outlet reinforced section is automatically extended by 10%-20%.

[0075] Mid-section stable section (core isothermal zone): This area is located between the two reinforced zones (it exists only when the total tunnel length is sufficient to form an independent stable zone). The temperature field here is minimally disturbed by the tunnel entrance, with a longitudinal temperature drop rate ≤0.005℃ / m. The keel expansion and contraction amount remains at the baseline value (12-15cm) throughout the entire length, and is only slightly adjusted synchronously throughout the entire section according to the overall environmental risk level to eliminate local differences and ensure the uniformity and stability of the temperature field in the middle section.

[0076] Inter-segment transition buffer (adaptive smoothing area): At the interface between the reinforced and stable sections, the system automatically generates an adaptive buffer zone with a length of 10m to 20m (the length dynamically fluctuates according to the steepness of the temperature gradient at the interface; the larger the gradient, the longer the buffer zone). Within this area, the keel expansion and contraction is completed according to an S-shaped curve or a gradual rate of 0.5cm / m, completely avoiding abrupt "step-like" changes in the mechanical structure. For example, when the expansion and contraction at the end of the reinforced section drops to 15cm, the buffer zone is calibrated in real time through a synchronous control mechanism, smoothly transitioning it to the mid-section reference value (12cm) within a distance of 10-20m, ensuring a linearity error of 0.1cm / m, achieving dual smoothing of the physical and control fields.

[0077] Throughout the process, the flexible insulation material 13 ensures the sealing of adjacent insulation boards 12 and their ends, preventing thermal bridging. The double-sided jets overlap (with a single-sided diffusion angle of 20-25°), forming a continuous and dense thermal air curtain layer at the center of the cross-section, achieving full coverage of the tunnel's net width and height without any dead angles. Outside of winter or when the temperature rises above the safety threshold, the device automatically switches to a low-power mode: the insulation blanket 3 is fully open, and the air layer 14 returns to its minimum reference thickness. In terms of effectiveness, this device scientifically solves the problem of temperature field runaway in cold-region tunnels under different scales and meteorological conditions through temperature-driven graded coordination and refined spatial control driven by the "thermodynamic influence length model." The circumferential keel (distributed circumferentially along the tunnel lining) of the same cross-section is uniformly controlled by a synchronous control mechanism, ensuring consistent extension and contraction speeds and amounts, guaranteeing a flat annular insulation surface without local protrusions or depressions, thus avoiding impacts on vehicle traffic and airflow.

[0078] The insulation boards corresponding to adjacent circumferential keels adopt a staggered overlapping structure. During the longitudinal transition, the chamfering treatment of the insulation board edges and the filling of flexible sealing material compensate for the small gaps that may occur during the linear transition, ensuring the integrity of the air layer seal and blocking heat convection loss.

[0079] Data-driven adjustment: Based on the temperature field data collected by the longitudinally distributed temperature sensors in the tunnel (one set of three-layer gradient sensors is deployed every 150m), the XGBoost-LSTM fusion prediction model calculates the optimal air layer thickness of each section in real time, generates a longitudinal linear transition curve, and synchronously sends it to the electric push rod control mechanism of each section keel.

[0080] Synchronous calibration mechanism: Laser displacement sensors monitor the actual expansion and contraction of each keel in real time and compare it with the calculated value of the model. When the deviation exceeds 0.5cm, calibration is automatically triggered. The precise coordinated transition between circumferential and longitudinal directions is achieved by adjusting the expansion and contraction speed of the electric push rod (5cm / min for Level II risk and 7.5cm / min for Level III risk).

[0081] Extreme working condition adaptation: When the outside temperature is ≤-35℃ and the wind speed is ≥10m / s (extreme cold enhanced insulation working condition), the transition mode is switched to "constant maximum expansion within 200m of the tunnel entrance + linear decrease after 200m", which enhances the cold air blocking effect at the tunnel entrance, and then the connection is made according to the conventional linear transition logic.

[0082] The control mechanism predicts temperature trends based on a multi-model fusion prediction algorithm. In a preferred embodiment, the algorithm fuses a first sub-model sensitive to static nonlinear relationships and a second sub-model sensitive to temporal characteristics (such as a long short-term memory network). The control mechanism dynamically allocates the output weights of each sub-model according to the characteristic complexity of real-time environmental parameters. The data acquisition frequency can be dynamically adjusted according to the risk level of the operating conditions; for example, data is collected at a first preset time interval under normal operating conditions, and automatically shortened to a second preset time interval under high-risk operating conditions.

[0083] The specific working process of this invention is as follows: (I) Data Acquisition Basics Winter: The data acquisition subsystem collects environmental parameters, structural status, and equipment operation data at a preset frequency; it automatically increases the acquisition frequency under high-risk conditions and adopts a low-power acquisition mode under low-risk conditions.

[0084] Non-winter (spring, summer, autumn): Data acquisition switches to low power mode, environmental parameters (cavity temperature, outside temperature, wind speed) are collected once every 30 minutes; structural status (surrounding rock temperature) and equipment operation data are collected once every 1 hour, and the storage period remains ≥3 years; only when the cavity temperature exceeds the warning value (≥35℃) or there is a sudden extreme temperature drop (outside temperature ≤0℃ and lasts for ≥24 hours), the acquisition frequency is automatically increased to the level of normal winter working conditions.

[0085] Table 1 Sensor Parameters and Deployment Specifications (1) Temperature sensor at the tunnel entrance The probes are deployed 5-10 meters outside the tunnel entrance in the natural environment, with the probes 1.5-2 meters above the ground to avoid local heat radiation sources. For short tunnels (≤500m), a single-point deployment is used; for medium-to-long tunnels (>500m), one probe is added every 200m. IP65 protective shells are used, and the probes are secured with corrosion-resistant stainless steel bolts. An additional wind deflector is added to reduce the direct impact of traffic turbulence on the sensor probes, ensuring that temperature measurements are not affected by rapid airflow disturbances.

[0086] (2) Surrounding rock temperature sensor One observation hole is set every 70cm. When the total tunnel length is ≤1km, a complete three-layer combination is set every 200m. When it is >1km, a set is repeated every 100m. The observation holes are sealed with Φ20mm±10mm stainless steel sleeves and filled with antifreeze and heat insulation material. They are calibrated with standard temperature blocks every season, with an error of ≤±0.1℃.

[0087] (3) Wind speed sensor Main wind station location: Priority should be given to the middle area of ​​the straight section of the tunnel, and it must meet the requirements of no branches, no bends, no ventilation equipment outlets or vehicle convergence / diversion points within 15m before and after, to ensure uniform and stable cross-sectional airflow and avoid the superposition of traffic wind and mechanical ventilation to form turbulence; Installation height: A "dual-layer deployment" scheme is adopted - the upper layer sensor is installed 25cm below the arch to monitor the airflow speed in the upper part of the tunnel; the lower layer sensor is installed at 2 / 3 of the tunnel's clearance height to monitor the core traffic wind speed in the vehicle driving area. The dual-layer data complementarity ensures full coverage of wind speed monitoring. Installation and fixing method: The upper layer adopts a top-suspended type with anti-vibration springs, and the lower layer is fixed with side wall brackets. The brackets extend ≥50cm out of the side wall to avoid the influence of side wall attached flow; the probes are all pointed to the longitudinal centerline of the tunnel with an angle ≤5°, and are equipped with streamlined windproof deflectors to reduce local vortex interference caused by vehicle passage. Deployment density: Single-point double-layer deployment in tunnels ≤500m; one wind measurement station every 200m in tunnels >500m, with each wind measurement station using a double-layer sensor combination; all sensors adopt the "support + counterweight + vibration damping pad" three-point fixing method to further reduce the impact of traffic vibration on measurement accuracy.

[0088] (4) Temperature sensor inside the cave Installation location: The sensors are evenly spaced along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, with the spacing consistent with that of the wind speed sensors (1 sensor every 200m for tunnels ≤500m, 1 sensor every 150m for tunnels >500m), and are staggered from the wind speed sensors in the same section (horizontal angle ≥30°) to avoid the airflow disturbance of the wind speed sensors affecting the temperature measurement. Installation height: A "three-layer gradient layout" is adopted - the bottom layer sensor is 1.2m from the road surface, the middle layer is 2.5m from the road surface, and the top layer is 4.0m from the road surface. The data from the three layers are weighted and averaged to calculate the actual average temperature inside the tunnel, avoiding measurement deviations caused by traffic wind disturbances at a single height. Protection and Fixation: The sensor probe is covered with a cylindrical dustproof and heat-insulating sleeve; it is fixed to the tunnel sidewall by an L-shaped stainless steel bracket, with the bracket and sidewall forming a 45° angle, and the probe facing the inside of the tunnel (non-driving direction) to further reduce the intensity of traffic wind directly acting on the probe; Enhanced Special Areas: Within 50m of tunnel entrances and exits, the density of temperature sensors is doubled (1 sensor per 75m), and the height of the bottom layer sensors is adjusted to 1.5m, the middle layer to 3.0m, and the top layer to 4.0m. By increasing the density of sensors and optimizing their height, the accuracy of temperature monitoring in the entrance and exit areas is improved.

[0089] (5) Other sensors The laser displacement sensor is aligned with the extension and retraction direction of the keel, with an installation error of ≤0.5°; the stroke sensor and pulse encoder are installed on the tunnel lining and the electric push rod of the keel, respectively; the vehicle detector is deployed at the tunnel entrance and exit and the light-transmitting and heat-insulating room (10m from the tunnel entrance) to help determine the degree of influence of traffic flow on the wind field and temperature field inside the tunnel, and to provide a basis for sensor data correction.

[0090] (II) Technical parameters of the model prediction subsystem (1) Hardware configuration The edge computing nodes are equipped with Intel Core i7-12700H CPUs, NVIDIA RTX 3060 GPUs, and 32GB of memory, with data processing latency ≤50 ms; the time-series database is used to store various sensor data and model calculation results, supporting fast querying and retrieval.

[0091] (2) Core logic of the model Winter: The XGBoost-LSTM fusion prediction model, developed using MATLAB, uses Bayesian optimization to determine hyperparameters. It integrates static nonlinear relationships and temporal trend characteristics with a 7:3 weighting, and features extreme cold adaptation correction. Model weight allocation: entrance temperature 35%~40%, surrounding rock temperature 25%~30%, wind speed 20%~25%. Extreme cold adaptation correction logic: automatically thickens the air layer by 2~3cm when the surrounding rock temperature is ≤15℃; compensates for 0.2cm mechanical error when the outside temperature is ≤-40℃.

[0092] Non-winter: The model maintains low load operation, and the weight allocation is adjusted to 20% for tunnel entrance temperature, 50% for tunnel interior temperature, and 30% for wind speed. It only monitors whether the tunnel interior temperature exceeds the warning value (≥35℃) or if there is a sudden extreme temperature drop, and does not generate regular adjustment commands. If an abnormal temperature occurs, an alarm is automatically triggered and pushed to the tunnel management center.

[0093] It also includes a dynamic weight allocation unit for calculating the fusion coefficient α; The fusion coefficient α is based on the rate of change of ambient temperature at the current moment. / The comparison result with the preset threshold is dynamically generated: When the absolute value of the rate of change of ambient temperature is greater than the first threshold, it is determined to be a sudden change condition, and the weight ratio of the first sub-model is increased; when the absolute value of the rate of change of ambient temperature is less than the second threshold, it is determined to be a steady-state condition, and the weight ratio of the second sub-model is increased; the final predicted temperature is T_pred = α·T_xgb + (1-α)·T_lstm. The judgment module not only compares the real-time measurement value, but also substitutes the future trend value (Tpred) output by the prediction model into the above-mentioned temperature field risk classification standard. If Tpred shows that the risk level threshold will be crossed within the future time window (such as falling from level I to level II), the system will execute the corresponding level of control command in advance, and use the time difference of concrete thermal inertia to achieve active defense. The control command generation step includes: inputting the final predicted temperature into the preset graded response strategy library; combining the mechanical stroke constraints of the tunnel dynamic keel structure and the power upper limit constraints of the heating unit, calculating the optimal air layer target thickness and heating power value to generate drive signals to control the electric push rod and heating element to perform corresponding actions.

[0094] (3) Model optimization mechanism The incremental learning module optimizes local parameters every 100 valid data points and triggers model updates every 1000 new data points, adapting to mechanical wear and climate variation. After iteration, the MAE of the test set is ≤0.8cm, and the prediction accuracy for extreme working conditions is ≥95%.

[0095] Table 2 Classification and Judgment Table of Working Condition Levels 1. Establish a "virtual sensor" prediction model: Using the outside temperature, wind speed, and current inside temperature, a simplified heat balance equation is used to calculate the inside temperature trend for the next 15-30 minutes in real time.

[0096] Tpredict=Tin−k⋅(Tin−Tout)⋅v0.8Δt if It will fall into Level III, even if currently Even if it is still at Level II, a Level III response should be initiated immediately.

[0097] 2. Weighting: On clear, windless nights, the temperature difference is the primary factor. During strong winds / passing trains, wind speed and the rate of temperature drop are the primary factors. During prolonged periods of extreme cold, the surface temperature of the lining is the primary factor.

[0098] 3. Segmented control linkage: High wind speed and large temperature difference → cold air intrusion into the deep section → automatic extension of the tunnel entrance reinforcement section (e.g., from 300m to 500m).

[0099] Low wind speed and small temperature difference → automatically shorten the strengthening section, saving energy.

[0100] (iv) Tiered response strategy 1. Winter graded response Level I Risk Response: Maintain an air layer thickness of 12cm-15cm, with the intelligent keel on standby; the air curtain simultaneously opens the air outlets in the first 1 / 3 of the tunnel entrance, operating at low speed (10-12m / s) and with heating turned off; the insulation blanket automatically adjusts according to sunlight (fully open when there is sufficient sunlight); the driver prompt subsystem displays "Tunnel temperature is normal, maintain normal speed," the LEDs inside the tunnel are constantly lit in green, and there are no voice announcements.

[0101] Level II Risk Response: The intelligent keel thickens the air layer to 14-15cm at a speed of 5cm / min; the air curtain simultaneously opens the first 2 / 3 of the air outlets at the tunnel entrance, switches to a low speed (12-15m / s) and heats the air outlets to maintain a temperature of +2℃; the insulation blanket is adjusted according to the ambient light, fully open when there is sufficient light, and partially open or completely closed when there is insufficient light, using natural light to raise the local temperature by 0.5℃-1.5℃; the driver prompt subsystem displays "Slight fluctuation in tunnel temperature field, insulation system is adjusting, slow down", the yellow LED area inside the tunnel flashes at 1Hz, the blue warning light flashes at 1Hz, and the voice broadcasts once every 2 minutes.

[0102] Level III Risk Response: The intelligent keel adjusts at a high speed of 7.5cm / min to an air layer of 30cm~35cm; the air curtain simultaneously opens all air outlets in the tunnel, switches to high speed (20-30m / s) and heats up to keep the air outlet temperature at +5℃~+8℃; the driver prompt subsystem displays "Extremely low temperature in the tunnel, the insulation system is in emergency operation, drive with caution" in red font, the LED red warning zone inside the tunnel flashes rapidly at 2Hz, the red warning light flashes rapidly at 2Hz, and the voice broadcasts once every 30 seconds.

[0103] 2. Non-winter graded response Level I Risk Response (Normal State): The intelligent keel remains in standby mode, and the air layer is fixed at a baseline thickness of 12cm; the intelligent air curtain is completely closed; the thermal insulation blanket is fully open throughout the process, and the composite board of the light-transmitting thermal insulation room provides natural heat insulation; the driver's indicator LED is always on green, with no additional prompts.

[0104] Level II Risk Response (Temperature Anomaly): High temperature inside the tunnel (35℃~40℃): The intelligent air curtain opens the air outlet of the first half of the tunnel entrance and runs at a medium speed of 15m / s (without heating) to cool down by air exchange; the heat insulation blanket remains open and uses the ventilation of the light-transmitting heat insulation room to assist in heat dissipation; the warning screen displays "Tunnel temperature is high, drive with caution" and the LED flashes yellow at 1Hz.

[0105] Sudden temperature drop (outdoor temperature 0℃~5℃ for ≥12h): The keel moves to the standby position and is finely adjusted as needed; the air curtain opens the air outlet of the first 1 / 3 of the tunnel entrance and runs at a low speed of 10m / s (without heating); the insulation blanket adjusts its opening status according to the light, and closes 50% when the light is insufficient; the warning screen displays "Slight fluctuation in tunnel temperature, please keep warm".

[0106] Level III Risk Response (Emergency): Sudden severe cold (outside temperature ≤0℃ for ≥24 hours): The system will automatically wake up within 10 minutes and respond to winter level II risk: the air layer on the keel will be thickened to 14cm, the air curtain will open the air outlets in the first 2 / 3 of the opening (low speed, no heating), and the insulation blanket will be adjusted according to the light intensity; the response level will be dynamically upgraded or downgraded as the temperature changes.

[0107] (v) Response to special operating conditions 1. Special working conditions in winter Extreme cold enhanced insulation conditions (outdoor temperature ≤ -35℃ + wind speed ≥ 10m / s): Increase data acquisition frequency, intelligent keel adjusts at 7.5cm / min, pauses for 2 minutes every 5cm adjustment; dual-row air curtains open simultaneously, all air outlets maintain high speed (20~25m / s) and heat, air outlet temperature maintains 25℃; insulation blanket is fully closed; when the outside temperature is ≤ -40℃ or water seepage is consistently ≥ moderate, activate the 5kW backup heating point set every 500m.

[0108] Under conditions of sufficient sunshine: When the temperature is ≤2℃ and the solar radiation is ≥300W / m² for ≥2h, or when the temperature is ≤0℃, the insulation blanket of the tunnel entrance protection section is fully opened; when triggered at Level II, the left and right double-row air curtains open simultaneously at the front 2 / 3 of the air outlets at the tunnel entrance, the air curtains operate at low speed (12~15m / s) for heating, and the intelligent keel is thickened by 2cm; when triggered at Level III, the double-row air curtains open simultaneously at all air outlets in the entire tunnel, operate at high speed (20~30m / s) for full power heating, the intelligent keel is rapidly increased to 35cm, and the insulation blanket is fully closed; when the temperature inside the tunnel is ≥4℃, the air curtains close after a 30s delay, and the intelligent keel shrinks to 12~15cm.

[0109] Emergency Scenario Handling: In the event of an extreme cold wave (outside temperature ≤ -40℃), the strong insulation mode will be activated within 10 seconds, and the left and right double-row air curtains will open simultaneously at all air outlets in the tunnel; the driver prompt subsystem will issue a full-link alarm and send a warning to the tunnel management center; in the event of equipment fire risk, the insulation blanket and air curtains will be closed, the fire linkage system will be activated, and vehicles will be guided to evacuate; in the event of sudden traffic congestion (exceeding 10 minutes), the intelligent keel will adjust the air layer thickness to 18cm, the left and right double-row air curtains on the arch will open simultaneously at the air outlets in the first 2 / 3 of the tunnel entrance, the wind speed will be switched to medium, and the entrance warning screen will prompt a temporary halt to entry.

[0110] 2. Special working conditions outside of winter Sudden traffic congestion (over 10 minutes): Vehicle detectors capture signals, tunnel temperature sensors report local temperature rise, and the intelligent keel maintains a 12cm air layer; the arch air curtain opens the air outlets in the first 2 / 3 of the tunnel entrance, with ventilation at a medium wind speed of 15m / s; the entrance warning screen displays "Congestion in the middle of the tunnel, please postpone entry"; after the congestion is relieved, the system returns to normal standby mode.

[0111] Emergency response to equipment failure: If a sensor or actuator experiences a minor malfunction, the system will automatically adjust the parameters to correct it or activate redundant equipment to compensate; if a serious malfunction occurs, the power supply to the relevant equipment will be shut off and an alarm will be sent to the management center, without affecting tunnel passage; the priority of handling malfunctions outside of winter is lower than that in winter, with the primary goal of ensuring passage safety.

[0112] Fire emergency response: Regardless of whether it is winter or not, in the event of a fire in the tunnel, the system will quickly shut down the insulation blanket and air curtain, link the fire protection system to cut off unnecessary power, turn on emergency lighting and evacuation signs to guide vehicles to evacuate; the intelligent keel will remain in standby mode and will not occupy passage space.

[0113] The coordination logic between the various components of this device is as follows: Winter: Data-driven collaboration. The data acquisition subsystem collects environmental, structural, and equipment operation data in real time across all dimensions, providing fundamental support for the model prediction subsystem. After the model determines the temperature field risk level based on the data, it issues precise adjustment commands to the zoned light-transmitting insulation device and the full-tunnel dynamic keel device, forming a closed loop of "data acquisition - model prediction - execution adjustment - feedback optimization". Tiered linkage response: At Level I risk, each device maintains its basic operating state, relying on the composite insulation structure of the zoned light-transmitting insulation device to maintain temperature stability; at Level II risk, both types of actuators make slight adjustments: the intelligent keel thickens the air layer, the air curtain heats at low speed, and the insulation blanket is partially opened, synergistically improving the insulation effect; at Level III risk and in special extreme conditions, both types of actuators operate at full capacity: the intelligent keel rapidly thickens the air layer, the air curtain heats at high speed, and the insulation blanket is fully closed, maximizing the blocking of cold air intrusion and retaining heat.

[0114] Outside of winter: Data-driven collaboration is simplified to a "monitoring-early warning-emergency response" logic. The data acquisition subsystem performs low-frequency monitoring, and the model only determines whether an abnormal threshold has been triggered, without any routine adjustment instructions. Emergency response is only activated when a sudden drop in temperature occurs. The tiered linkage response is simplified to "standby-mild emergency-severe emergency." At Level I, all non-essential equipment is shut down, retaining only monitoring and maintenance functions. At Level II, air curtain ventilation or basic insulation is activated, and insulation blankets are adjusted as needed. At Level III, the entire set of equipment is activated to work collaboratively according to the corresponding emergency condition.

[0115] Equipment Collaborative Support: During winter when solar radiation is abundant, the light-transmitting and heat-increasing logic of the zoned light-transmitting insulation device is triggered first, combined with the insulation properties of aerogel to reduce heat loss; when the temperature inside the tunnel is low, the intelligent air curtain and intelligent keel work together to enhance insulation; if a device experiences a minor malfunction, parameters are automatically adjusted for correction; in the event of a severe malfunction, redundant protection is activated, and other devices take over to ensure the insulation effect. During non-winter periods of strong solar radiation, the insulation blanket and the composite material between the light-transmitting insulation layer work together to block high-temperature conduction; when the temperature inside the tunnel is high, the air curtain and the tunnel ventilation system work together for air exchange; in the event of a sudden drop in temperature, the keel and air curtain quickly work together to activate basic insulation, eliminating the need for heating.

[0116] The interconnections of the various parts of this device include: Structural Relationship: Both the zoned light-transmitting insulation device and the full-tunnel dynamic keel device are core components of the execution and adjustment subsystem. In terms of physical space, they cover the entire tunnel section. The zoned light-transmitting insulation device focuses on the construction of light-transmitting and heat-insulating barriers at the tunnel entrances and exits and in the middle section, while the full-tunnel dynamic keel device focuses on optimizing the heat-insulating effect by dynamically adjusting the thickness of the air layer, forming a three-dimensional heat-insulating system.

[0117] Functional Relationship: The graded response system is the core of the operation and command of both systems. It coordinates the working status of both systems according to the temperature field risk level to achieve "adjustment on demand". The driver prompting subsystem works in sync with the graded response system to provide road condition information based on the risk level and ensure traffic safety. The three systems work together to achieve the core goals of stable tunnel temperature field, energy efficiency and traffic safety.

[0118] System optimization mechanism: The XGBoost-LSTM fusion prediction model of the model prediction subsystem performs local parameter optimization every 100 valid data points and triggers incremental learning every 1000 new data points to adapt to mechanical wear and climate variation and improve adjustment accuracy; the central processing unit analyzes historical data and dynamically optimizes the working time and collaborative logic of each actuator, focusing on insulation accuracy in winter and energy saving and equipment maintenance in non-winter periods.

[0119] Maintenance and Support: The system performs daily self-checks, calibrates sensors weekly, and generates monthly maintenance reports. It focuses on checking the sealing performance of the zoned light-transmitting and heat-insulating devices, the state of the aerogel, and the lubrication and operational accuracy of the dynamic keel device throughout the tunnel. This ensures the long-term stable operation of the equipment. Under the coordination of the control mechanism, each subsystem forms a closed-loop control logic of 'monitoring-judgment-execution-feedback' to achieve the coordinated operation of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure, the intelligent air curtain mechanism, and the dynamic keel structure throughout the tunnel.

[0120] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0121] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cold region tunnel temperature dynamic regulation device, characterized in that, include: The zoned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure connected at the tunnel entrance and the dynamic keel structure connected throughout the tunnel; The partitioned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure includes: A light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber, wherein the cross-section of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber matches the cross-section of the tunnel, and one end of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating chamber is fixed to the end of the tunnel; Intelligent air curtain mechanisms (4) are connected to both ends of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating room. The intelligent air curtain mechanisms (4) are used to form an air curtain at the ends of the light-transmitting and heat-insulating room. It also includes a thermal blanket (3) and a thermal blanket storage and take-up system (1). The thermal blanket storage and take-up system (1) is fixed to the top of the light-transmitting thermal insulation room. One end of the thermal blanket (3) is wrapped around the movable end of the thermal blanket storage and take-up system (1). After the thermal blanket storage and take-up system (1) releases the thermal blanket (3), the thermal blanket (3) covers the outside of the light-transmitting thermal insulation room. The dynamic keel structure of the entire tunnel includes a keel support mechanism (11) connected in the tunnel. The inner side of the keel support mechanism (11) is connected to multiple insulation boards (12) through telescopic units. The insulation boards (12) between two adjacent insulation boards (12) and the insulation boards (12) located at both ends of the keel support mechanism (11) are connected to the tunnel end face through flexible insulation material (13). A sealed air layer (14) is formed between the inner surfaces of the tunnel lining (10) by multiple insulation boards (12). The telescopic unit adjusts the distance between the insulation board (12) and the inner surface of the tunnel lining (10) to adjust the thickness of the air layer (14); Both the partitioned light-transmitting and heat-insulating structure and the full-tunnel dynamic keel structure are equipped with sensing mechanisms. The thickness of the air layer (14) in the middle of the tunnel is less than that at the end of the tunnel; It also includes a control mechanism, which is connected to the intelligent air curtain mechanism (4), the thermal blanket retraction system (1), the telescopic unit and the sensing mechanism. The control mechanism is configured to receive environmental parameters collected by the sensing mechanism and generate control commands to drive the intelligent air curtain mechanism (4), the thermal blanket retraction system (1) and the telescopic unit to operate based on the environmental parameters.

2. The dynamic temperature control device for cold-region tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-transmitting heat-insulating room is made of a steel structure frame (8) and a high light-transmitting heat-insulating heat storage plate (2) fixed on the steel structure frame (8). The high light-transmitting heat-insulating heat storage plate (2) includes a high light-transmitting anti-reflection coating plate (2-1), an aerogel layer (2-2), an ultra-white PC board (2-3), and a heat-absorbing resin board (2-4) fixed from the outside to the inside. The steel structure frame (8) is fixedly installed.

3. The dynamic temperature control device for cold-region tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal insulation blanket (3) includes, from the outside to the inside, a cold-region-specific high-toughness PVC (3-1), a high-toughness PE moisture-proof and air-barrier membrane (3-2), a flexible hydrophobic aluminum silicate fiber cotton felt core layer (3-3), and a high-toughness glass fiber non-woven fabric bottom layer (3-4).

4. The dynamic temperature control device for cold-region tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal blanket storage and dispensing system (1) includes a storage compartment (1-1), which is fixed to the top of the light-transmitting thermal insulation room by a storage compartment frame (1-2); It also includes a second motor (1-7), a thermal blanket drive shaft (1-4), and a power reel (1-3). The fixed end of the second motor (1-7) is fixed to the storage compartment keel (1-2), and the output end of the second motor (1-7) is driven by the insulation blanket drive shaft (1-4). The insulation blanket drive shaft (1-4) is driven by the power roller (1-3). Both the insulation blanket drive shaft (1-4) and the power roller (1-3) are rotatably mounted on the storage compartment keel (1-2). One end of the thermal insulation blanket (3) is wound around the power reel (1-3); It also includes a thermal blanket leveler (1-5) and a thermal blanket dust removal structure (1-6). The thermal blanket leveler (1-5) and the thermal blanket dust removal structure (1-6) are fixed on the light-transmitting thermal insulation room. The other end of the thermal blanket (3) passes through the thermal blanket leveler (1-5) and the thermal blanket dust removal structure (1-6) in sequence and is connected to the counterweight rod (9). The two ends of the counterweight rod (9) are respectively slidably matched with the counterweight rod slide (7). The counterweight rod slide (7) is fixed on the light-transmitting thermal insulation room and matches the outer contour of the light-transmitting thermal insulation room.

5. The dynamic temperature control device for cold-region tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat insulation blanket dust removal structure (1-6) includes a dust removal device housing (1-6-1) fixed on the light-transmitting heat insulation chamber, and a dust removal brush (1-6-3) rotatably disposed in the dust removal device housing (1-6-1). One end of the dust removal brush (1-6-3) is coaxially fixed with the output shaft of a first motor (1-6-2), and the fixed end of the first motor (1-6-2) is fixed to the dust removal device housing (1-6-1). The dust removal brush (1-6-3) is in contact with the surface of the thermal insulation blanket (3).

6. The dynamic temperature control device for cold-region tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent air curtain mechanism (4) includes an air curtain support frame (4-1) fixed to the inner wall of the light-transmitting heat-insulating room. Multiple air curtain mounting holes (4-2) are provided on the air curtain support frame (4-1). One end of a nozzle body (4-3) is fixed in the air curtain mounting hole (4-2). The other end of the nozzle body (4-3) is spherically hinged to a rotatable spherical air outlet (4-4). The nozzle body (4-3) is connected to the air source through a pipe, and a heating unit is installed inside the pipe.

7. The dynamic temperature control device for cold-region tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The keel support mechanism (11) includes a keel frame (11-3), and multiple telescopic units are connected to the keel frame (11-3). Each telescopic unit includes two symmetrically arranged telescopic sleeves (11-1). One end of each telescopic sleeve (11-1) is hinged to the keel frame (11-3), and the other ends of both telescopic sleeves (11-1) are hinged to the insulation board connecting plate (11-2). The insulation board connecting plate (11-2) is fixed to the insulation board (12). The two telescopic sleeves (11-1) and the insulation board connecting plate (11-2) are combined to form a trapezoidal structure. The distance between the connection points of the two telescopic sleeves (11-1) on the insulation board connecting plate (11-2) is smaller than the distance between the connection points of the two telescopic sleeves (11-1) on the keel frame (11-3). The bottom of the keel frame (11-3) is connected to a pulley (11-4). Anchor points are provided on the inner surface of the tunnel lining (10) for fixed connection with the keel frame (11-3).

8. The dynamic temperature control device for cold-region tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control mechanism includes a prediction model, a judgment module, and a drive module; The prediction model collects environmental parameters inside and outside the tunnel in real time through the sensing mechanism, and inputs the environmental parameters into the prediction model. The prediction model obtains the predicted value of the tunnel temperature based on the environmental parameters. The environmental parameters include temperature, wind speed, and radiation data; The prediction model includes a first sub-model and a second sub-model. The first sub-model is used to process instantaneous environmental features to obtain an instantaneous temperature deviation prediction value, and the second sub-model is used to process time-series environmental features to obtain a trend temperature prediction value. The fusion weights of the instantaneous temperature deviation prediction value and the trend temperature prediction value are dynamically adjusted based on the real-time ambient temperature change rate, and the weighted fusion result of the instantaneous temperature deviation prediction value and the trend temperature prediction value is used as the tunnel temperature prediction value. The judgment module contains temperature field risk level data, and the judgment module is used to compare the predicted tunnel temperature with the temperature field risk level data to obtain the current temperature field risk level. The drive module is equipped with multiple response strategies. The drive module obtains the corresponding response strategy according to the current temperature field risk level, and controls the telescopic unit to adjust the thickness of the air layer (14) between the insulation board (12) and the inner surface of the tunnel lining (10) according to the response strategy; and controls the start and stop, wind speed and heating status of the intelligent air curtain mechanism (4); and controls the unfolding or storage of the insulation blanket (3) by the insulation blanket unfolding system (1).

9. The dynamic temperature control device for cold-region tunnels according to claim 8, characterized in that, The various response strategies include: When the risk level is determined to be Level I, the thickness of the air layer (14) is maintained at the baseline value, and the heating function of the intelligent air curtain mechanism (4) is turned off. When the risk level is determined to be Level II, the telescopic unit is controlled to increase the thickness of the air layer (14) and the low-speed heating mode of the intelligent air curtain mechanism (4) is activated. When the risk level is determined to be Level III, the telescopic unit is controlled to adjust the thickness of the air layer (14) to the maximum value and the high-speed heating mode of the intelligent air curtain mechanism (4) is turned on. At the same time, the insulation blanket retraction system (1) is controlled to make the insulation blanket (3) completely cover the light-transmitting insulation room.

10. The dynamic temperature control device for cold-region tunnels according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method for adjusting the fusion weights includes: Calculate the absolute value of the rate of change of the ambient temperature at the current moment; When the absolute value is greater than a preset threshold, the weight coefficient of the first sub-model is increased and the weight coefficient of the second sub-model is decreased. When the absolute value is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the weight coefficient of the first sub-model is reduced and the weight coefficient of the second sub-model is increased.

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