A high-protein biological fermentation type aquatic feed and its preparation method
By scientifically formulating and fermenting high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed, the problems of nutritional imbalance and low digestibility in traditional aquatic feeds have been solved, improving the digestion, absorption, and immunity of aquatic animals, improving the breeding environment, and achieving healthy growth and efficient breeding of aquatic animals.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HAINAN CHIEF BIOLOGY TECHN EMPOLDER CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
Traditional aquatic feeds are nutritionally unbalanced, have poor palatability, and low digestibility, resulting in slow growth and low immunity in aquatic animals. Furthermore, the aquaculture environment is severely polluted, making it difficult to effectively address issues such as abnormal liver and intestinal function and stress responses.
This product uses high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed containing imported fishmeal, astaxanthin-peptide chelates, compound enzymes, compound probiotics, and herbal extracts. Through scientific formulation and fermentation, it produces a compound premixed feed rich in bioactive substances, promoting digestion and absorption and enhancing immunity.
It significantly improved feed digestibility and utilization, enhanced the immunity of aquatic animals, improved liver and pancreas health, regulated the intestinal flora structure, reduced intestinal burden, and increased survival rate and aquaculture efficiency.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed and its preparation technology, specifically to a high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of aquaculture, intensive and high-density farming models are becoming increasingly popular. The nutritional needs and health management of aquatic animals have become key factors affecting farming efficiency. Crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs have unique physiological structures and metabolic characteristics, and their nutritional requirements are relatively complex. They not only need sufficient protein, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, but also specific bioactive substances to maintain intestinal health, enhance immunity, and cope with environmental stress.
[0003] Traditional aquatic feeds often suffer from nutritional imbalances, poor palatability, and low digestibility, leading to slow growth, weakened immunity, and increased susceptibility to disease in aquatic animals. Furthermore, uneaten feed and feces pollute the water, further impacting the aquaculture environment. In addition, aquatic animals frequently experience liver and intestinal dysfunction and stress responses during the aquaculture process, issues that current feeds struggle to effectively address, thus hindering the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Therefore, developing a compound premixed feed for aquaculture that is nutritionally complete, palatable, promotes digestion and absorption, enhances immunity, and improves water quality has significant practical importance and application value.
[0005] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:
[0006] A high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts imported fishmeal, 10-15 parts compound minerals, 5-10 parts bioactive small peptides, 5-10 parts lysine, 5-10 parts compound trace elements, 3-8 parts compound vitamins, 3-6 parts herbal extracts, 2-5 parts compound probiotics, 2-4 parts immune polysaccharides, and 1-3 parts compound enzymes.
[0007] Furthermore, the herbal extract is prepared by fermentation of Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita moschata, Pteris vittata, Clove, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga.
[0008] Furthermore, the herbal extract is prepared by the following method: Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita moschata, Desmodium styracifolium, Clove, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga are washed, dried, and pulverized to a coarse powder of 40-60 mesh. After being mixed evenly, they are placed in a steam distillation apparatus and distilled with water for 2-3 hours. The distillate containing volatile oil is collected and treated with β-cyclodextrin to obtain a volatile oil inclusion complex for later use. The distilled residue is cooled to 25-30℃ and moistened with 0.5-0.8 times its weight of purified water. Then, a compound probiotic prepared by a mixture of plant lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus coagulans at a mass ratio of 1.8-2.2:0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1 is inoculated, with an inoculation amount of 2-4% of the total raw material weight. After being stirred evenly, the mixture is placed in a sealed fermentation tank and subjected to solid-state anaerobic fermentation at 30-32℃ for 96-120 minutes. During fermentation, the material is turned over every 24 hours. After fermentation, the fermented material is dried at ≤50℃ until the moisture content is ≤10%, then pulverized and passed through a 60-100 mesh sieve to obtain coarse fermentation powder. The coarse fermentation powder is then put into an extraction tank and subjected to segmented low-temperature extraction: first, 6-10 times its weight of 30% ethanol is added, and ultrasonic extraction is performed at 40-50℃ for 0.8-1.2 hours. The extract is collected by filtration, and the residue is then added to 5-7 times its weight of 70% ethanol and ultrasonically extracted at 40-50℃ for 0.8-1.2 hours. The two extracts are combined. The combined extract is then mixed evenly with the volatile oil inclusion complex and concentrated under reduced pressure at ≤50℃ to an extract with a relative density of 1.10-1.15. The extract is then freeze-dried, pulverized, and passed through an 80-120 mesh sieve to obtain the herbal extract.
[0009] Among them, the fresh root bark of the horned melon is used, and the dried stem of the winged drupe is used.
[0010] Furthermore, the bioactive small peptide is an astaxanthin-small peptide chelate.
[0011] Furthermore, the astaxanthin-small peptide chelate was prepared by the following method: A complex enzyme was added to Haematococcus pluvialis powder and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 45-55℃ for 1-2 hours. The inoculum amount of the complex enzyme was 0.2-0.5% of the mass of the algae powder. The complex enzyme consisted of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 1:1.2-1.8. After enzymatic hydrolysis, 2-5% of sucrose fatty acid ester was added, and the mixture was homogenized under high pressure at 50-60 MPa 2-3 times to prepare Haematococcus pluvialis nanoemulsion. Subsequently, the Haematococcus pluvialis nanoemulsion, fish lysate, and glucose were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.6-0.8:0.1-0.3 to obtain a fermentation substrate. A mixture of 1.5-2% sucrose fatty acid ester was added to the fermentation substrate. A starter culture composed of Aspergillus oryzae, Candida tropicalis, and Lactobacillus in a ratio of 5:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2 was used. The inoculum amount of the starter culture was 2-4% of the fermentation substrate mass. Aerobic fermentation was carried out at 28-32℃ for 48 hours, followed by anaerobic fermentation at 28-32℃ for 48-96 hours. Then, the temperature was raised to 80-90℃ and held for 10-20 minutes to inactivate the enzymes. The mixture was then cooled to 40-50℃ and homogenized 2-3 times under a pressure of 50-60 MPa to obtain a chelate. 5-10% of the starch by mass was added to the chelate and mixed evenly. Then, the mixture was spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 160-180℃ and an outlet air temperature of 80-90℃ to obtain astaxanthin-small peptide chelates.
[0012] Furthermore, the complex minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium.
[0013] Furthermore, the complex trace elements include iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, cobalt, and iodine.
[0014] Furthermore, the iron content is between 100-1500 mg / kg, and the zinc content is between 100-1500 mg / kg.
[0015] Furthermore, multivitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, B vitamins, vitamin C, inositol, and choline chloride.
[0016] Furthermore, the vitamin A content is 4500-5500 IU / kg, and the vitamin D3 content is 500-700 IU / kg.
[0017] Furthermore, the compound probiotics include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and plant lactic acid bacteria.
[0018] Furthermore, immunopolysaccharides include β-glucan, chitosan, peptidoglycan, and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.
[0019] Furthermore, complex enzymes include proteases, amylases, and cellulases.
[0020] The above-mentioned high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed is prepared by the following method, including the following steps:
[0021] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Each raw material is crushed and sieved separately, and weighed according to the weight parts for later use;
[0022] S2. Mixing: Add the compound trace elements, compound vitamins, compound minerals, lysine, imported fish meal, bioactive small peptides, compound probiotics, compound enzymes, immune polysaccharides, and herbal extracts to the mixer in sequence and mix evenly;
[0023] S3. Fermentation: The mixture is placed in a closed fermentation device, and the moisture and temperature are adjusted for fermentation under facultative anaerobic conditions. The mixture is turned over every 12 hours during the fermentation process. After fermentation, the fermented material is dried at low temperature, crushed and sieved to obtain the fermentation base material.
[0024] S4. Granulation: The mixed fermentation substrate is fed into a granulator and wet granulation process is used to produce brown soft granules;
[0025] S5. Drying: The obtained granules are dried at low temperature;
[0026] S6. Packaging: The dried granules are packed into breathing bags and sealed to obtain high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed.
[0027] Furthermore, in S1, the mixture is passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve; in S2, it is stirred and mixed at 40-80 rpm for 15-30 minutes; in S3, the moisture content is adjusted to 30-40%, the temperature is adjusted to 30-37℃, and fermentation is carried out under facultative anaerobic conditions for 48-72 hours. After fermentation, the fermented material is dried at a low temperature of ≤50℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%, and then pulverized and passed through a 60 mesh sieve; in S4, the granulation size is 2-5 mm; in S5, the material is dried at a low temperature of 40-50℃ until the moisture content is ≤10%.
[0028] Furthermore, the above-mentioned high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed is a compound premixed feed for aquaculture. Add 1-3 kg of this product to every 10 kg of conventional feed, mix well, and then feed, or feed separately 1-2 times every 3-4 days.
[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0030] 1. The premixed feed of this invention is rich in imported fishmeal, astaxanthin-small peptide chelates, and herbal extracts transformed through microbial fermentation. This imparts a unique fermented aroma and natural palatability to the feed, effectively stimulating the chemoreceptors of crustaceans and significantly increasing their appetite and feeding speed. The astaxanthin-small peptide chelates are efficiently absorbed by the intestines through an active transport mechanism. While providing abundant small peptide nutrition, the covalently bound astaxanthin can target and protect the mitochondrial membranes of the hepatopancreas, reducing energy loss. Combined with exogenous supplementation of compound enzymes, it can significantly improve the digestibility and utilization of macromolecules such as protein and starch in the feed, promoting robust intestines, healthy hepatopancreas development, and resulting in brighter body color, fuller body shape, and significantly faster growth in farmed animals.
[0031] 2. The fermented herbal extract of this invention, after fermentation and transformation, exhibits significantly improved bioavailability due to the substantial dissolution of active ingredients and a reduction in molecular weight. Specifically, the cardiac glycosides in *Trichosanthes kirilowii* specifically inhibit the Vibrio quorum sensing system, blocking the expression of pathogenic virulence genes and reducing infection risk at the source. Astragalus polysaccharides and glycyrrhizic acid synergistically activate hemolymphocyte proliferation and the prophenoloxidase system, significantly enhancing non-specific immunity. Ligustrazine, galangin, and anthraquinones from *Trichosanthes kirilowii* protect hepatopancreatic cells through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, reducing damage to the hepatopancreatic glands from algal toxins and metabolic waste. The combination of immunomodulatory polysaccharides further strengthens the immune response, enabling farmed animals to maintain a high level of immune defense under environmental stress, effectively improving survival rates and overall farming efficiency.
[0032] 3. The premixed feed of this invention is rich in scientifically formulated compound probiotics and various digestive enzymes, which can effectively regulate the intestinal flora structure, inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, and promote the colonization of beneficial bacteria, thereby reducing the intestinal burden and decreasing the occurrence of enteritis and white stools. Chitosan and peptidoglycan, as important components of immunopolysaccharides, not only directly activate local intestinal immunity but also form a physical barrier to protect the intestinal mucosa; astaxanthin-small peptide chelates and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides synergistically scavenge free radicals, alleviate oxidative damage caused by environmental stresses such as high temperature, ammonia nitrogen, and transportation, repair stress-induced intestinal epithelial damage and hepatopancreatic mitochondrial dysfunction, and ensure the health and stability of farmed animals in variable environments. Detailed Implementation
[0033] To better understand the technical content of this invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this invention are all conventional methods.
[0035] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.
[0036] Example 1
[0037] A high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts imported fishmeal, 10 parts compound minerals, 5 parts bioactive small peptides, 5 parts lysine, 5 parts compound trace elements, 3 parts compound vitamins, 3 parts herbal extracts, 2 parts compound probiotics, 2 parts immune polysaccharides, and 1 part compound enzymes. Among them, the bioactive small peptides are astaxanthin-small peptide chelates; the complex minerals consist of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium in a mass ratio of 2:1.2:1:0.5:0.4; the complex trace elements consist of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, cobalt, and iodine in a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5:0.2:0.3:0.05:0.02:0.02, with iron and zinc content both at 100 mg / kg (based on dry matter) and 100 mg / kg (based on dry matter); the complex vitamins consist of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, B vitamins, vitamin C, inositol, and chlorine in a mass ratio of 1.8:0.2:1:0.1:10:3:2:2. The formula consists of choline, and contains 4500 IU / kg of vitamin A (on a dry matter basis) and 500 IU / kg of vitamin D3 (on a dry matter basis). The compound probiotics are composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 0.1:1:0.5:0.5:1. The immunopolysaccharides are composed of β-glucan, chitosan, peptidoglycan, and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in a mass ratio of 2:1:0.5:0.5. The compound enzymes are composed of protease, amylase, and cellulase in a mass ratio of 2:1:1. The herbal extracts are obtained by fermentation of Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita moschata, Rhizoma Spatholobi, Syzygium aromaticum, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga.
[0038] The above-mentioned herbal extracts were prepared by the following method: Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita spp., Desmodium styracifolium, Clove, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga were washed, dried, and pulverized to 40 mesh. After being mixed evenly, they were placed in a steam distillation apparatus and distilled with water for 2 hours. The distillate containing volatile oil was collected and treated with β-cyclodextrin to obtain volatile oil inclusion complexes for later use. The distilled residue was cooled to 25°C and moistened with 0.5 times its weight of purified water. Then, a compound probiotic prepared by mixing plant lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus coagulans in a mass ratio of 1.8:0.9:0.9 was inoculated at a rate of 2% of the total weight of the raw materials. After being stirred evenly, the mixture was placed in a sealed fermentation tank and subjected to solid-state anaerobic fermentation at 30°C for 120 hours. During fermentation, the material was turned over every 24 hours. After fermentation, the fermented material was dried at 50°C to a moisture content of 10%, pulverized, and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain coarse fermentation powder. The coarse fermentation powder was then placed in an extraction tank and subjected to segmented low-temperature extraction: first, 6 times its weight of 30% ethanol was added, and ultrasonic extraction was performed at 40°C for 1.2 hours. The extract was collected by filtration, and the residue was then added to 5 times its weight of 70% ethanol and ultrasonically extracted at 40°C for 1.2 hours. The two extracts were combined. The combined extract was then mixed evenly with the volatile oil inclusion complex and concentrated under reduced pressure at 50°C to a relative density of 1.10. The extract was then freeze-dried, pulverized, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain the herbal extract.
[0039] The above-mentioned horned melon is obtained from its fresh root bark, and the winged drupe is obtained from its dried stem.
[0040] The above-mentioned astaxanthin-peptide chelate was prepared by the following method: A complex enzyme was added to Haematococcus pluvialis powder and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 45°C for 2 hours. The inoculum amount of the complex enzyme was 0.2% of the mass of the algae powder. The complex enzyme consisted of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 1:1.2. After enzymatic hydrolysis, 2% of its mass of sucrose fatty acid ester was added, and the mixture was homogenized three times under high pressure at 50 MPa to prepare Haematococcus pluvialis nanoemulsion. Subsequently, the Haematococcus pluvialis nanoemulsion, fish lysate, and glucose were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.1 to obtain a fermentation substrate. A mixture of [missing information - likely a specific ingredient or ingredient] was added to the fermentation substrate... A starter culture consisting of Aspergillus oryzae, Candida tropicalis, and Lactobacillus in a ratio of 1.5:0.8:0.8 was used. The inoculum amount of the starter culture was 2% of the mass of the fermentation substrate. Aerobic fermentation was carried out at 28℃ for 48 h, followed by anaerobic fermentation at 28℃ for 96 h. Then, the temperature was raised to 80℃ and held for 20 min to inactivate the enzymes. The mixture was then cooled to 40℃ and homogenized three times under a pressure of 50 MPa to obtain a chelate. 5% of the mass of starch was added to the chelate and mixed evenly. The mixture was then spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 160℃ and an outlet air temperature of 80℃ to obtain astaxanthin-small peptide chelates.
[0041] Example 2
[0042] A high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts imported fishmeal, 15 parts compound minerals, 10 parts bioactive small peptides, 10 parts lysine, 10 parts compound trace elements, 8 parts compound vitamins, 6 parts herbal extracts, 5 parts compound probiotics, 4 parts immune polysaccharides, and 3 parts compound enzymes. Among them, the bioactive small peptides are astaxanthin-small peptide chelates; the complex minerals consist of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium in a mass ratio of 4:2:2:1.5:1.5; the complex trace elements consist of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, cobalt, and iodine in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5:0.8:0.7:0.15:0.08:0.06, with iron and zinc content both at 1500 mg / kg (based on dry matter); and the complex vitamins consist of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, B vitamins, vitamin C, inositol, and chloride in a mass ratio of 55:7:3:0.5:20:8:5:5. It contains choline, and has a vitamin A content of 5500 IU / kg (on a dry matter basis) and a vitamin D3 content of 700 IU / kg (on a dry matter basis); the compound probiotics are composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 0.3:3:1.5:1.5:2; the immunopolysaccharide is composed of β-glucan, chitosan, peptidoglycan, and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide in a mass ratio of 4:3:1.5:1.5; the compound enzyme is composed of protease, amylase, and cellulase in a mass ratio of 4:2:2; the herbal extract is obtained by fermentation of Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita moschata, Rhizoma Spatholobi, Clove, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga.
[0043] The above-mentioned herbal extracts were prepared by the following method: Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita moschata, Desmodium styracifolium, Clove, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga were washed, dried, and pulverized to a coarse powder of 60 mesh. After being mixed evenly, they were put into a steam distillation apparatus and distilled with water for 3 hours. The distillate containing volatile oil was collected and treated with β-cyclodextrin to obtain volatile oil inclusion complexes for later use. The distilled residue was cooled to 30°C and moistened with 0.5 times its weight of purified water. Then, a compound probiotic prepared by mixing plant lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus coagulans in a mass ratio of 2.2:1.1:1.1 was inoculated at a rate of 4% of the total weight of the raw materials. After being stirred evenly, the mixture was placed in a sealed fermentation tank and subjected to solid-state anaerobic fermentation at 32°C for 96 hours. During fermentation, the material was turned over every 24 hours. After fermentation, the fermented material was dried at 45°C to a moisture content of 6%, pulverized, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain coarse fermentation powder. The coarse fermentation powder was then placed in an extraction tank and subjected to segmented low-temperature extraction: first, 10 times its weight of 30% ethanol was added, and ultrasonic extraction was performed at 50°C for 0.8 hours. The extract was collected by filtration, and the residue was then added to 7 times its weight of 70% ethanol and ultrasonically extracted at 50°C for 0.8 hours. The two extracts were combined. Subsequently, the combined extract was mixed evenly with the volatile oil inclusion complex and concentrated under reduced pressure at 45°C to a paste with a relative density of 1.15. The paste was then freeze-dried, pulverized, and passed through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the herbal extract.
[0044] The above-mentioned horned melon is obtained from its fresh root bark, and the winged drupe is obtained from its dried stem.
[0045] The above-mentioned astaxanthin-peptide chelate was prepared by the following method: A complex enzyme was added to Haematococcus pluvialis powder and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 55°C for 1 hour. The inoculum amount of the complex enzyme was 0.5% of the mass of the algae powder. The complex enzyme consisted of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 1:1.8. After enzymatic hydrolysis, 5% of its mass of sucrose fatty acid ester was added, and the mixture was homogenized twice under high pressure at 60 MPa to prepare Haematococcus pluvialis nanoemulsion. Subsequently, the Haematococcus pluvialis nanoemulsion, fish lysate, and glucose were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.8:0.3 to obtain a fermentation substrate. A mixture of sucrose fatty acid ester and glucose in a mass ratio of 1:0.8:0.3 was added to the fermentation substrate. A starter culture consisting of Aspergillus oryzae, Candida tropicalis, and Lactobacillus in a ratio of 2.5:1.2:1.2 was used. The inoculum amount of the starter culture was 4% of the mass of the fermentation substrate. Aerobic fermentation was carried out at 32℃ for 48 h, followed by anaerobic fermentation at 32℃ for 48 h. Then, the temperature was raised to 90℃ and held for 10 min to inactivate the enzymes. The mixture was then cooled to 50℃ and homogenized twice under a pressure of 60 MPa to obtain a chelate. 10% of the mass of starch was added to the chelate and mixed evenly. Then, the mixture was spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 180℃ and an outlet air temperature of 90℃ to obtain astaxanthin-small peptide chelates.
[0046] Example 3
[0047] A high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts imported fishmeal, 12 parts compound minerals, 8 parts bioactive small peptides, 8 parts lysine, 8 parts compound trace elements, 6 parts compound vitamins, 4 parts herbal extracts, 3 parts compound probiotics, 3 parts immune polysaccharides, and 2 parts compound enzymes. Among them, the bioactive small peptides are astaxanthin-small peptide chelates; the complex minerals consist of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium in a mass ratio of 3:1.5:1.5:1:1; the complex trace elements consist of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, cobalt, and iodine in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.5:0.5:1:0.06:0.04, with iron and zinc content both at 800 mg / kg (based on dry matter); and the complex vitamins consist of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, B vitamins, vitamin C, inositol, and choline chloride in a mass ratio of 25:3:2:0.3:15:5.5:3.5:3.5. The formula consists of an alkaline composition, with a vitamin A content of 5000 IU / kg (based on dry matter) and a vitamin D3 content of 600 IU / kg (based on dry matter). The compound probiotics are composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 0.2:2:1:1:1.5. The immunopolysaccharides are composed of β-glucan, chitosan, peptidoglycan, and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in a mass ratio of 3:2:1:1. The compound enzymes are composed of protease, amylase, and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3:1.5:1.5. The herbal extracts are obtained by fermentation of Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita moschata, Rhizoma Spatholobi, Clove, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga.
[0048] The above-mentioned herbal extracts were prepared by the following method: Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita serrata, Desmodium styracifolium, Clove, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga were washed, dried, and pulverized to a coarse powder of 50 mesh. After being mixed evenly, they were put into a steam distillation apparatus and distilled with water for 2.5 hours. The distillate containing volatile oil was collected and treated with β-cyclodextrin to obtain volatile oil inclusion complexes for later use. The distilled residue was cooled to 28°C and moistened with 0.7 times its weight of purified water. Then, a compound probiotic prepared by mixing plant lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus coagulans in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 was inoculated at a rate of 3% of the total weight of the raw materials. After being stirred evenly, the mixture was placed in a sealed fermentation tank and subjected to solid-state anaerobic fermentation at 31°C for 108 hours. During fermentation, the material was turned over every 24 hours. After fermentation, the fermented material was dried at 48°C to a moisture content of 8%, pulverized, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain coarse fermentation powder. The coarse fermentation powder was then placed in an extraction tank and subjected to segmented low-temperature extraction: first, 8 times its weight of 30% ethanol was added, and ultrasonic extraction was performed at 45°C for 1 hour. The extract was collected by filtration, and the residue was then added to 6 times its weight of 70% ethanol and ultrasonically extracted at 45°C for 1 hour. The two extracts were combined. The combined extract was then mixed evenly with the volatile oil inclusion complex and concentrated under reduced pressure at 48°C to a paste with a relative density of 1.12. The paste was then freeze-dried, pulverized, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the herbal extract.
[0049] The above-mentioned horned melon is obtained from its fresh root bark, and the winged drupe is obtained from its dried stem.
[0050] The above-mentioned astaxanthin-small peptide chelate was prepared by the following method: A complex enzyme was added to Haematococcus pluvialis powder and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 50°C for 1.5 h. The inoculum amount of the complex enzyme was 0.4% of the mass of the algal powder. The complex enzyme consisted of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 1:1.5. After enzymatic hydrolysis, 3.5% of its mass of sucrose fatty acid ester was added, and the mixture was homogenized three times under high pressure at 55 MPa to prepare a Haematococcus pluvialis nanoemulsion. Subsequently, the Haematococcus pluvialis nanoemulsion, fish lysate, and glucose were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.7:0.2 to obtain a fermentation substrate. The fermentation substrate was then... A starter culture consisting of Aspergillus oryzae, Candida tropicalis, and Lactobacillus in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 was added, with the inoculum amount being 3% of the fermentation substrate mass. Aerobic fermentation was carried out at 30℃ for 48 hours, followed by anaerobic fermentation at 30℃ for 72 hours. Then, the temperature was raised to 85℃ and held for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzymes. The mixture was then cooled to 45℃ and homogenized three times under a pressure of 55 MPa to obtain a chelate. 8% of the starch by mass was added to the chelate, and the mixture was mixed evenly. Then, it was spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 170℃ and an outlet air temperature of 85℃ to obtain astaxanthin-small peptide chelates.
[0051] The high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed described in Examples 1-3 is prepared by the following method, including the following steps:
[0052] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Each raw material is crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve, and weighed according to the weight for later use;
[0053] S2. Mixing: Add the compound trace elements, compound vitamins, compound minerals, lysine, imported fish meal, bioactive small peptides, compound probiotics, compound enzymes, immune polysaccharides, and herbal extracts to the mixer in sequence, and stir and mix at 60 rpm for 22 minutes.
[0054] S3. Fermentation: Place the mixture in a closed fermentation device, adjust the moisture content to 35% and the temperature to 33℃, and ferment for 60 hours under facultative anaerobic conditions; turn the material over once every 12 hours during the fermentation process; after the fermentation is completed, dry the fermented material at 48℃ to a moisture content of 15%, crush it through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the fermentation base material;
[0055] S4. Granulation: The fermentation base material is fed into a granulator and wet granulation process is used to control the particle size to 4mm, producing brown soft granules;
[0056] S5. Drying: The obtained granules are dried at low temperature, at 45℃ until the moisture content is 8%;
[0057] S6. Packaging: The dried granules are packed into breathing bags and sealed to obtain high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed.
[0058] Example 4
[0059] Compared with Example 3, the difference in this embodiment is that the high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed is prepared by the following method, including the following steps:
[0060] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Each raw material is crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve, and weighed according to the weight for later use;
[0061] S2. Mixing: Add the compound trace elements, compound vitamins, compound minerals, lysine, imported fish meal, bioactive small peptides, compound probiotics, compound enzymes, immune polysaccharides, and herbal extracts to the mixer in sequence, and stir at 40 rpm for 30 minutes.
[0062] S3. Fermentation: Place the mixture in a closed fermentation device, adjust the moisture content to 30% and the temperature to 30℃, and ferment for 72 hours under facultative anaerobic conditions; turn the material over once every 12 hours during the fermentation process; after the fermentation is completed, dry the fermented material at 45℃ to 15% moisture content, crush it and pass it through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the fermentation base material;
[0063] S4. Granulation: The fermentation base material is fed into a granulator and wet granulation process is used to control the particle size to 2mm, producing brown soft granules;
[0064] S5. Drying: The obtained granules are dried at low temperature, at 40℃ until the moisture content is 10%;
[0065] S6 Packaging: The dried granules are packed into breathing bags and sealed to obtain high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed.
[0066] Example 5
[0067] Compared with Example 3, the difference in this embodiment is that the high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed is prepared by the following method, including the following steps:
[0068] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Each raw material is crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and weighed according to the weight for later use;
[0069] S2. Mixing: Add the compound trace elements, compound vitamins, compound minerals, lysine, imported fish meal, bioactive small peptides, compound probiotics, compound enzymes, immune polysaccharides, and herbal extracts to the mixer in sequence, and stir at 80 rpm for 15 minutes.
[0070] S3. Fermentation: Place the mixture in a closed fermentation device, adjust the moisture content to 40%, adjust the temperature to 37℃, and ferment under facultative anaerobic conditions for 48 hours; turn the material over once every 12 hours during the fermentation process; after the fermentation is completed, dry the fermented material at 50℃ to 15% moisture content, crush it through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the fermentation base material;
[0071] S4. Granulation: The fermentation base material is fed into a granulator and wet granulation process is used to control the particle size to 5mm, producing brown soft granules;
[0072] S5. Drying: The obtained granules are dried at low temperature, at 50°C, until the moisture content is 6%;
[0073] S6. Packaging: The dried granules are packed into breathing bags and sealed to obtain high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed.
[0074] Comparative Example 1
[0075] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that an equal weight of protein peptides was used instead of bioactive small peptides.
[0076] Comparative Example 2
[0077] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the raw materials do not contain herbal extracts.
[0078] Comparative Example 3
[0079] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the herbal extract raw materials do not contain horned melon or winged fruit.
[0080] Comparative Example 4
[0081] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the raw materials do not contain immunopolysaccharides.
[0082] Comparative Example 5
[0083] Compared with Example 3, the difference in this comparative example is that the feed is replaced with an equal mass of commercially available aquatic feed premix.
[0084] Production Applications
[0085] Healthy and vigorous juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial weight of 0.5±0.1g were randomly divided into Example 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-5 groups, with 3 replicates per group and 100 shrimp per replicate. The experiment was conducted in an indoor cement tank at a water temperature of 26±1℃, salinity of 27±2‰, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, and pH of 8.1±0.2 for 60 days. The feed was prepared by adding 2kg of premixed feed to every 10kg of basal feed and fed to the groups in Example 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4, respectively. Each group was fed four times a day at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00, with the amount of feed given per feeding determined to be consumed within one hour. After the experiment, the shrimp's weight, body length, survival rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio were measured, and the average value of each indicator was recorded in Table 1.
[0086] Table 1
[0087]
[0088] As shown in Table 1, Example 3 had the highest final body weight, specific growth rate, and survival rate among all groups, and the lowest feed conversion ratio, demonstrating significantly better feeding performance than Comparative Examples 1-5. This is because its formula provides precise nutrition and the synergistic effect of multifunctional components, comprehensively meeting the growth, immunity, and intestinal health needs of crustaceans such as shrimp.
[0089] Comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 1, the bioactive small peptide in Example 3, prepared using a bio-fermentation coupling technology, is an amphiphilic molecule. The hydroxyl or carboxyl group of astaxanthin is covalently bonded to the amino group of the small peptide via ester or amide bonds. The chelated small peptide acts as a carrier, ensuring uniform dispersion of astaxanthin and solving the problem of impaired absorption of lipid-soluble components in the intestine. The small peptide fragment can be actively recognized and transported by intestinal peptides, carrying astaxanthin into the hemolymph for targeted delivery, thus improving the targeted delivery capability of astaxanthin. Furthermore, the antioxidant groups of astaxanthin form intramolecular synergies with the amino acid residues of the small peptide, delaying the oxidative degradation of astaxanthin during processing and storage, further enhancing its efficacy. In high-density aquaculture, shrimp hepatopancreatic cells and mitochondria are susceptible to excessive reactive oxygen species due to high temperature and ammonia nitrogen stress, leading to membrane lipid peroxidation and energy metabolism breakdown. The astaxanthin-small peptide chelate, due to its amphiphilic nature, can embed into the inner mitochondrial membrane, scavenging superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, maintaining membrane potential stability, and ensuring a continuous supply of ATP. Small peptide fragments in the chelate can upregulate the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, thereby forming a dual antioxidant network of "exogenous quenching + endogenous enhancement".
[0090] Compared with Comparative Example 2, Example 3 showed a significant advantage of 9-13% in key feeding indicators such as final body weight, specific growth rate, and survival rate. This is because the herbal extracts obtained by fermentation from Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita moschata, Pteris vittata, Clove, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga provide comprehensive protection for the growth and health of Litopenaeus vannamei through a multi-dimensional physiological regulatory mechanism. In terms of gut health and nutrient absorption, the flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, and alkaloids in this fermented herbal extract can specifically target and inhibit common pathogenic Vibrio bacteria in aquaculture (such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi), reducing the risk of intestinal infection. Simultaneously, components such as astragalus polysaccharides and glycyrrhizic acid can repair damage to intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, strengthen the tight junction structure of the intestine, and maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier, laying the foundation for efficient nutrient absorption. In terms of feeding and growth promotion, the volatile essential oils released from cloves, galangal, and other raw materials in the herbal extract after fermentation have natural appetite-stimulating activity, effectively stimulating the olfactory and gustatory receptors of Litopenaeus vannamei, increasing feeding enthusiasm and feed intake, and increasing daily nutrient intake, providing a sufficient material basis for rapid growth. At the same time, the small-molecule active peptides and polysaccharides produced during fermentation can further synergistically work with complex enzymes and probiotics to promote the decomposition and utilization of nutrients such as protein and carbohydrates in feed, further improving feed conversion efficiency. In terms of immune regulation and anti-stress, the active ingredients in this fermented herbal extract, such as triterpenoid saponins from *Isatis indigotica* and polysaccharides from *Isatis tinctoria*, can activate non-specific immune pathways in *Litopenaeus vannamei*, enhance the activity of immune-related enzymes such as phenol oxidase and lysozyme, and strengthen the body's resistance to viruses and bacteria. Simultaneously, the active ingredients in *Astragalus membranaceus* and *Glycyrrhiza uralensis* can regulate the body's stress hormone levels, improve tolerance to environmental stresses such as water temperature fluctuations, salinity changes, and dissolved oxygen fluctuations, and reduce stress-induced growth inhibition and mortality. Furthermore, this fermented herbal extract can also form a synergistic effect with other functional ingredients in the formula. Its antibacterial and gut-protecting effects can complement the probiotic function of the compound probiotics, maintaining intestinal flora balance; its immune-enhancing effect can be superimposed with the immune-activating effect of immunopolysaccharides, further enhancing the body's disease resistance. This multi-component, multi-target synergistic regulation enabled Example 3 to achieve a superior overall feeding effect compared to Comparative Example 2 in terms of growth performance, health status, and feed utilization efficiency.
[0091] Comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 3, the cardiac glycosides in the horned melon of Example 3 can specifically bind to the receptor protein of Vibrio, competitively inhibiting the binding of signaling molecules, thereby blocking the activation of the quorum sensing pathway. The steroidal components in the horned melon have anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory pathway activation and reducing the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β, thus protecting hepatopancreatic cells from excessive inflammatory damage. They synergize with glycyrrhizic acid in the formula to jointly maintain hepatopancreatic health. The anthraquinones in the drupe fruit have a special aromatic odor, stimulating chemoreceptors on the first antennae and triggering feeding behavior through nerve reflexes. Therefore, the feeding latency of shrimp is shortened, and the amount of food consumed at one time is increased, making it particularly suitable for initiation during the recovery period of disease or under high-temperature stress. The anthraquinones in the drupe fruit have a quinone-phenol tautomer structure, which can scavenge free radicals and induce the activity of hepatopancreatic detoxification enzymes, accelerating the excretion of algal toxins and heavy metals, further reducing the burden on the hepatopancreas. Furthermore, the naphthoquinone components in drupe fruit can act on the secretory cells of the hepatopancreas, promoting the synthesis and release of proteases, lipases, and amylases. Therefore, drupe fruit and horned melon are indispensable functional cores in herbal extracts. Through multiple mechanisms such as anti-Vibrio activity, appetite stimulation and digestion promotion, intestinal repair, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and by complementing the functions of conventional immune-boosting herbs such as Astragalus membranaceus and Isatis indigotica, they jointly construct a three-in-one healthy aquaculture system of "disease prevention, growth promotion, and intestinal protection."
[0092] Comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 4, the β-glucan, chitosan, and peptidoglycan in the immunopolysaccharide of Example 3 can specifically recognize pattern recognition receptors on the surface of immune cells of Litopenaeus vannamei, activating the prophenoloxidase system, thereby enhancing the activity of key immune-related enzymes such as phenoloxidase, lysozyme, and superoxide dismutase. Simultaneously, it promotes hemocyte proliferation and phagocytic capacity, strengthening the body's resistance to common aquatic pathogens such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus, thus effectively reducing the probability of disease infection. Furthermore, the immunopolysaccharide can serve as a high-quality prebiotic, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria while competitively inhibiting the colonization and growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, thereby maintaining intestinal flora balance. In addition, the immunopolysaccharide can also promote the proliferation of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, strengthen the tight junction structure of the intestine, reduce intestinal leakage, and improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients such as protein and minerals, thereby accelerating growth and reducing feed consumption. Furthermore, components such as Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in immunopolysaccharides can regulate the levels and gene expression of stress-related hormones (such as cortisol), enhance tolerance to environmental stresses such as water temperature fluctuations, salinity changes, and insufficient dissolved oxygen, and reduce the risk of stress-induced decreased feed intake, growth retardation, and mortality. In addition, immunopolysaccharides can also form a synergistic effect with other functional components—their immune-enhancing effect can be superimposed on the antibacterial, gut-protecting, and immune-activating functions of herbal extracts, further improving the body's disease resistance; their prebiotic effect can complement the intestinal regulatory function of compound probiotics, optimizing the intestinal microecological environment. This multi-component, multi-pathway synergistic regulation enabled Example 3 to achieve a superior overall feeding effect compared to Comparative Example 4 in terms of growth performance, health status, and feed utilization efficiency.
[0093] By comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 5, the high-protein bio-fermented aquatic premixed feed of the present invention is specifically formulated with astaxanthin-small peptide chelates, fermented herbal extracts containing horned melon and winged nut fruit, compound immunopolysaccharides, compound probiotics, and compound enzymes. Through small peptide chelation to improve nutrient absorption efficiency, herbal extracts to achieve antibacterial and intestinal protection, appetite stimulation, and stress resistance, and immunopolysaccharides to strengthen the body's immunity and regulate the intestinal microecology, multiple functional components work synergistically to form a complete functional closed loop of nutrient supply, digestion and absorption, immune protection, and intestinal repair. Therefore, the premix of the present invention can significantly improve the growth rate, survival rate, and feed utilization efficiency of Litopenaeus vannamei.
[0094] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following parts by weight: 20-30 parts imported fish meal, 10-15 parts compound minerals, 5-10 parts bioactive small peptides, 5-10 parts lysine, 5-10 parts compound trace elements, 3-8 parts compound vitamins, 3-6 parts herbal extracts, 2-5 parts compound probiotics, 2-4 parts immune polysaccharides, and 1-3 parts compound enzymes. The herbal extract is prepared by fermentation of Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita moschata, Pteris vittata, Clove, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga.
2. The high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The herbal extract is prepared by the following method: Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cucurbita moschata, Desmodium styracifolium, Syzygium aromaticum, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Alpinia galanga are washed, dried, and pulverized into coarse powder of 40-60 mesh. After being mixed evenly, the mixture is placed in a steam distillation apparatus and distilled with water for 2-3 hours. The distillate containing volatile oil is collected and treated with β-cyclodextrin to obtain volatile oil inclusion complexes for later use. The distilled residue is cooled to 25-30°C and moistened with 0.5-0.8 times its weight of purified water. Then, a compound probiotic prepared by Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus coagulans at a mass ratio of 1.8-2.2:0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1 is inoculated, with the inoculation amount being 2-4% of the total weight of the raw materials. After being stirred evenly, the mixture is placed in a sealed fermentation tank and subjected to solid-state anaerobic fermentation at 30-32°C for 96-120 hours. During fermentation, the material is turned over every 24 hours. After fermentation, the fermented material is dried at ≤50℃ until the moisture content is ≤10%, then pulverized and passed through a 60-100 mesh sieve to obtain coarse fermentation powder. The coarse fermentation powder is then put into an extraction tank and subjected to segmented low-temperature extraction: first, 6-10 times its weight of 30% ethanol is added, and ultrasonic extraction is performed at 40-50℃ for 0.8-1.2 hours. The extract is collected by filtration, and the residue is then added to 5-7 times its weight of 70% ethanol and ultrasonically extracted at 40-50℃ for 0.8-1.2 hours. The two extracts are combined. The combined extract is then mixed evenly with the volatile oil inclusion complex and concentrated under reduced pressure at ≤50℃ to an extract with a relative density of 1.10-1.
15. The extract is then freeze-dried, pulverized, and passed through an 80-120 mesh sieve to obtain the herbal extract.
3. The high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bioactive peptide is an astaxanthin-peptide chelate, which is prepared by the following method: A complex enzyme is added to Haematococcus pluvialis powder and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 45-55℃ for 1-2 hours. The inoculum amount of the complex enzyme is 0.2-0.5% of the mass of the algae powder. The complex enzyme consists of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 1:1.2-1.
8. After enzymatic hydrolysis, 2-5% of its mass of sucrose fatty acid ester is added, and the mixture is homogenized under high pressure at 50-60 MPa 2-3 times to prepare Haematococcus pluvialis nanoemulsion. Subsequently, the Haematococcus pluvialis nanoemulsion, fish lysate, and glucose are mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.6-0.8:0.1-0.3 to obtain a fermentation substrate. The astaxanthin-peptide chelate is then added to the fermentation substrate... A starter culture consisting of Aspergillus oryzae, Candida tropicalis, and Lactobacillus in a ratio of 1.5-2.5:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2 was used. The inoculum amount of the starter culture was 2-4% of the fermentation substrate mass. Aerobic fermentation was carried out at 28-32℃ for 48 hours, followed by anaerobic fermentation at 28-32℃ for 48-96 hours. Then, the temperature was raised to 80-90℃ and held for 10-20 minutes to inactivate the enzymes. The mixture was then cooled to 40-50℃ and homogenized 2-3 times under a pressure of 50-60 MPa to obtain a chelate solution. 5-10% of the starch by mass was added to the chelate solution and mixed evenly. Then, the mixture was spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 160-180℃ and an outlet air temperature of 80-90℃ to obtain astaxanthin-small peptide chelates.
4. The high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The complex minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium; the complex trace elements include iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, cobalt, and iodine, with the iron content ranging from 100 to 1500 mg / kg and the zinc content ranging from 100 to 1500 mg / kg; the complex vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, B vitamins, vitamin C, inositol, and choline chloride, with the vitamin A content ranging from 4500 to 5500 IU / kg and the vitamin D3 content ranging from 500 to 700 IU / kg.
5. The high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The compound probiotics include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and plant lactic acid bacteria.
6. The high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The immunopolysaccharides include β-glucan, chitosan, peptidoglycan, and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.
7. The high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The complex enzyme includes protease, amylase, and cellulase.
8. A method for preparing a high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Each raw material is crushed and sieved separately, and weighed according to the weight parts for later use; S2. Mixing: Add the compound trace elements, compound vitamins, compound minerals, lysine, imported fish meal, bioactive small peptides, compound probiotics, compound enzymes, immune polysaccharides, and herbal extracts to the mixer in sequence and mix evenly to obtain the mixture. S3. Fermentation: The mixture is placed in a closed fermentation device, and the moisture and temperature are adjusted for fermentation under facultative anaerobic conditions. The mixture is turned over every 12 hours during the fermentation process. After fermentation, the fermented material is dried at low temperature, crushed and sieved to obtain the fermentation base material. S4. Granulation: The fermentation substrate is fed into a granulator and wet granulation process is used to produce brown soft granules; S5. Drying: The obtained granules are dried at low temperature; S6. Packaging: The dried granules are packed into breathing bags and sealed to obtain high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed.
9. The method for preparing a high-protein bio-fermented aquatic feed as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In step S1, the mixture is passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve; in step S2, it is stirred and mixed at 40-80 rpm for 15-30 minutes; in step S3, the moisture content is adjusted to 30-40%, the temperature is adjusted to 30-37℃, and fermentation is carried out under facultative anaerobic conditions for 48-72 hours. After fermentation, the fermented material is dried at a low temperature of ≤50℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%, and then pulverized and passed through a 60 mesh sieve; in step S4, the granulation size is 2-5 mm; in step S5, the low-temperature drying temperature is 40-50℃, and the material is dried until the moisture content is ≤10%.