A battery module, a cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a battery module, a cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device and method, comprising: a battery cluster support with a base mounted on its bottom; battery modules, wherein several groups of battery modules are evenly spaced on the battery cluster support, and elastic connectors are mounted on the outer side of the battery modules; a tensile force detection module mounted on one of the elastic connectors; a pressure detection module mounted on the base; a thermal aerosol fire extinguisher, comprising a thermal aerosol generating component and a cooling component, wherein the cooling component is installed inside the battery module, and the thermal aerosol generating component is installed inside the cooling component; and a data acquisition unit connected to the tensile force detection module and the pressure detection module. This invention solves the problem of delayed early warning in traditional devices, allowing sufficient time for subsequent prevention operations and reducing the risk of further spread of thermal runaway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of safety protection technology for new energy power batteries, and in particular to a battery module, a cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, energy storage power stations, and other fields, lithium-ion power batteries have been widely used due to their high energy density and long cycle life. In practical applications, electrochemical energy storage typically uses battery modules as the basic unit, with multiple battery modules assembled into battery clusters via support frames to form large-scale energy storage units. During charge and discharge cycles, battery cells are prone to thermal runaway due to factors such as overcharging, internal short circuits, and excessively high temperatures. If this is not identified and addressed promptly in the early stages, thermal runaway can quickly spread to the entire battery cluster, causing fires, explosions, and other safety accidents, resulting in significant property damage and safety hazards.

[0003] Currently, battery thermal runaway prevention technologies mainly focus on two aspects: electrical signal detection and fire extinguishing device configuration. At the detection level, existing technologies mostly identify thermal runaway through electrophysical or chemical signals such as voltage, temperature, and gas concentration. However, these detection signals have a lag in the early stages of thermal runaway, and signal interference between cells within the battery cluster can easily lead to misjudgments. At the fire extinguishing level, mainstream thermal aerosol fire extinguishers mostly spray aerosol directly onto the battery module. The high temperature generated by the aerosol can easily ignite the thermal runaway gases, leading to fire and explosion, causing secondary damage to surrounding normal cells. Furthermore, these extinguishers lack cooling capacity and cannot quickly reduce the cell temperature to completely suppress the spread of thermal runaway.

[0004] Furthermore, existing thermal runaway prevention devices primarily focus on temperature and gas detection, resulting in delayed early warnings, frequent false alarms, and poor reliability. Meanwhile, traditional fire suppression systems suffer from complex piping, often deploying fire suppression systems across the entire battery compartment in the early stages, lacking specificity and exhibiting excessively long response times, leading to low efficiency in suppressing the spread of thermal runaway. Therefore, developing a cluster-level battery module prevention device based on instantaneous vibration characteristics for accurate initial thermal runaway identification, combined with cooling and fire suppression functions, is crucial for solving the safety protection challenges of power battery clusters. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery module, a cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a battery module and a cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device, comprising: A battery cluster bracket, wherein a base is mounted on the bottom of the battery cluster bracket; A battery module, wherein several groups of battery modules are equally spaced on the battery cluster support, and an elastic connector is installed on the outside of the battery module, and the battery module is fixed on the battery cluster support through the elastic connector; A tensile testing module, wherein the tensile testing module is installed on one of the sets of elastic connecting members; A pressure detection module is mounted on the base. A thermal aerosol fire extinguisher, comprising a thermal aerosol generating component and a cooling component, wherein the cooling component is installed inside the battery module and the opening of the cooling component faces the inside of the battery module, and the thermal aerosol generating component is installed inside the cooling component and the nozzle of the thermal aerosol generating component faces the bottom of the inner cavity of the cooling component. A data acquisition device, which is connected to the tensile force detection module and the pressure detection module.

[0007] According to the battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device provided by the present invention, the battery module includes: The module housing is a rectangular cube structure, and the elastic connectors are respectively installed at the corners of the module housing; A module frame plate is placed inside the module housing, and a support spring is installed at the bottom of the module frame plate and the support spring is fixed to the bottom of the module housing. The battery cell is provided in several groups, and all groups of the battery cells are fixed on the module frame plate.

[0008] According to the battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device provided by the present invention, the elastic connector includes a high-stiffness spring, which is installed on the corner of the module housing.

[0009] According to the battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device provided by the present invention, the tensile force detection module includes a tensile force sensor, which is mounted on one of the high-stiffness springs.

[0010] According to the battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device provided by the present invention, the cooling and temperature reduction component includes a dry water storage tank, the front side of which is open, the dry water storage tank is fixed on the inner wall of the module shell, and the dry water storage tank is filled with dry water.

[0011] According to the battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device provided by the present invention, the thermal aerosol generating component includes a reactant shell, the reactant shell is fixed in the dry water storage tank, the bottom of the reactant shell has a nozzle facing downwards, the reactant shell is filled with reactant and coolant, and a high-voltage pulse electrode for triggering is installed on the top of the reactant shell, the wire of the high-voltage pulse electrode extends through the top of the reactant shell.

[0012] According to the battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device provided by the present invention, the pressure detection module includes a pressure sensor, which is mounted on the base.

[0013] A method for preventing initial thermal runaway at the battery module and cluster level includes the following steps: S1. After the device is powered on, the data acquisition unit immediately performs a comprehensive inspection of the resistance values ​​of the tensile detection module and the pressure detection module to check for any abnormalities such as short circuits or resistance drift exceeding 5%. If the test results are normal, the data acquisition unit will set the initial resistance values ​​of the two detection modules as the reference values ​​for subsequent signal judgment, thus completing the initialization preparation before the device starts working. S2. After the device enters normal working state, the data acquisition unit continuously samples the detection modules according to the set parameters. The sampling frequency of the tensile detection module is not less than 1kHz, and the sliding window is set to 20ms. The sampling frequency of the pressure detection module is not less than 500Hz, and the sliding window is set to 40ms. At the same time, the data acquisition unit presets the abnormal signal judgment criteria: first, the peak value of the tensile force collected by the tensile detection module reaches 1.2 times or more of the benchmark value and the state continues for 3 sliding windows; second, the change in compressive pressure collected by the pressure detection module at any two corners of the base reaches 15N or more within 50 sliding windows and the state continues for 2 sliding windows. S3, the data acquisition unit synchronously analyzes the tensile and compressive force signals collected in real time, and uses 5 seconds as the judgment time threshold. If both the tensile detection module and the compressive force detection module trigger the above abnormal signals within the preset time, the data acquisition unit directly determines that the corresponding battery module has suffered a thermal runaway disaster; if only one of the abnormal signals is triggered, the data acquisition unit determines it as a suspected abnormality and does not recognize it as a thermal runaway disaster. S4. When the data acquisition unit determines that the battery module has experienced a thermal runaway disaster, it immediately sends a trigger signal to the thermal aerosol fire extinguisher in the corresponding module. After receiving the signal, the thermal aerosol generating component triggers a smoke and fire reaction to generate thermal aerosol that is sprayed into the bottom of the inner cavity of the cooling component and comes into full contact with the medium inside the cooling component to achieve rapid cooling. The cooled thermal aerosol will carry the medium inside the cooling component to spray into the battery module to extinguish the fire and simultaneously achieve efficient cooling, suppressing the further development of thermal runaway. S5: When the data acquisition device detects only one type of abnormal signal and determines it to be a suspected abnormality, it immediately sends an early warning message to the fire control terminal, clearly indicating the location of the suspected abnormal battery module. Safety personnel then go to the site to conduct an on-site inspection of the module, determine whether the abnormal signal is caused by non-thermal runaway factors of mechanical disturbance, and conduct a comprehensive fault investigation and corresponding handling of the battery module to eliminate safety hazards.

[0014] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: The tensile testing module of this invention monitors the stress changes of the elastic connector in real time, and the pressure testing module captures abnormal pressure on the base. The data from both are transmitted synchronously to the data acquisition unit, which can accurately identify the early signs of expansion and deformation in the initial stage of thermal runaway of the battery module. This solves the problem of delayed early warning in traditional devices, buys sufficient time for subsequent prevention and control operations, and reduces the risk of further spread of thermal runaway.

[0015] The thermal aerosol fire extinguisher of this invention adopts an integrated design of "generating component + cooling component". The cooling component is precisely embedded inside the battery module. The thermal aerosol can directly act on the core heat-generating area of ​​the module, which not only has the ability to extinguish fire quickly, but also reduces the module temperature through the cooling function, effectively preventing the phenomenon of reignition after fire extinguishing and improving the reliability of thermal runaway prevention.

[0016] The battery module of this invention is fixed and protected from damage by elastic connectors, and is easy to install and disassemble; the integrated design of each detection and fire extinguishing module is compact and adaptable to battery module layouts with different spacing. During later maintenance, faulty modules can be quickly located, reducing maintenance costs and difficulty. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the battery module of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal aerosol fire extinguisher of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the battery module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device of the present invention.

[0019] Among them, 100 is the battery module; 101 is the module housing; 102 is the high-stiffness spring; 103 is the module frame; 104 is the support spring; 105 is the battery cell; 201 is the battery cluster bracket; 202 is the tension sensor; 203 is the compression sensor; 300 is the thermal aerosol fire extinguisher; 301 is the reactant housing; 302 is the housing nozzle; 303 is the reactant; 304 is the wire; and 305 is the dry water storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Reference Figures 1-4 This invention provides a battery module and a cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device, comprising: Battery cluster bracket 201, with a base installed at the bottom of the battery cluster bracket 201; The battery module 100 has several groups of battery modules 100 arranged at equal intervals on the battery cluster support 201. The battery module 100 is equipped with an elastic connector on its outer side and is fixed to the battery cluster support 201 by the elastic connector. Tensile testing module, which is installed on one of the sets of elastic connectors; Pressure detection module, which is mounted on the base; The thermal aerosol fire extinguisher 300 includes a thermal aerosol generating component and a cooling component. The cooling component is installed inside the battery module 100, and the opening of the cooling component faces the inside of the battery module 100. The thermal aerosol generating component is installed inside the cooling component, and the nozzle of the thermal aerosol generating component faces the bottom of the inner cavity of the cooling component. The data acquisition unit is connected to the tensile testing module and the pressure testing module.

[0023] Further optimization of the solution, battery module 100 includes: The module housing 101 has a rectangular cube structure, and elastic connectors are installed at the corners of the module housing 101. The module frame plate 103 is placed inside the module housing 101. A support spring 104 is installed at the bottom of the module frame plate 103 and is fixed to the bottom of the module housing 101. The battery cell 105 is provided in several groups, and all groups of battery cells 105 are fixed on the module frame plate 103.

[0024] The battery module 100 is the core carrier for the battery cell 105 and the generation of initial thermal runaway signals. Its module shell 101 has a rectangular cubic structure, providing a foundation for the installation and protection of all internal components. The module frame plate 103 is suspended inside the module shell 101 by the bottom support spring 104. Several sets of battery cells 105 are fixed on the module frame plate 103. The support spring 104 realizes the flexible connection between the module frame plate 103 and the shell, eliminating signal interference from slight vibrations when the battery is working normally. When the cell 105 experiences the initial valve opening phenomenon of thermal runaway, the super-heavy impact force generated by the high-speed ejection of gas inside the cell 105 directly acts on the module frame plate 103, forcing the frame plate to compress the support spring 104 downward. The elastic deformation release and reset of the support spring 104 will cause the module frame plate 103 and the cell 105 to sway freely inside the module housing 101. This sway will be further transmitted to the module housing 101, forming a mechanical vibration signal that can be identified by the external detection module, thus realizing the effective generation and transmission of physical signals in the initial stage of thermal runaway.

[0025] In a further optimized design, the elastic connector includes a high-stiffness spring 102, which is mounted on the corner of the module housing 101.

[0026] The structural characteristics of the high-stiffness spring 102 can amplify the small swaying of the battery module 100 casing caused by the opening of the cell 105 valve, preventing weak vibration signals from being masked by environmental interference and improving the recognition accuracy of subsequent detection modules. When the battery module 100 sways, it will cause the high-stiffness spring 102 connected to it to undergo elastic deformation of tension / compression, converting the mechanical motion of the module into changes in the tension of the spring, providing a force signal source that can be collected for the tension detection module. At the same time, the irregular swaying of the module will change the force distribution of the battery cluster support 201, providing a signal basis for the pressure detection module.

[0027] The solution is further optimized so that the tension detection module includes a tension sensor 202, which is mounted on one of the sets of high-stiffness springs 102.

[0028] Further optimization of the solution: the cooling and heat-reducing component includes a dry water storage tank 305, which has an opening on the front side. The dry water storage tank 305 is fixed to the inner wall of the module housing 101 and is filled with dry water.

[0029] In a further optimized design, the thermal aerosol generating assembly includes a reactant housing 301, which is fixed inside a dry water storage tank 305. A nozzle is provided at the bottom of the reactant housing 301, and the nozzle is vertically downward. The reactant housing 301 is filled with reactant 303 and coolant. A high-voltage pulse electrode for triggering is installed on the top of the reactant housing 301, and the wire 304 of the high-voltage pulse electrode extends through the top of the reactant housing 301.

[0030] The tank is filled with silica-based dry water and serves as an installation carrier for the thermal aerosol generating component, which is then fixed to the inner wall of the module housing 101. The core working principle of the dry water storage tank 305 is thermal aerosol cooling and cooling medium release: On the one hand, the silica-based dry water filling it is a porous cooling medium. When the thermal aerosol is sprayed from the nozzle of the generating component, it directly passes through the dry water layer. The dry water quickly absorbs the heat of the thermal aerosol through heat conduction and heat convection, significantly reducing the spray temperature of the thermal aerosol and preventing the thermal runaway gas from being ignited by the high temperature of the thermal aerosol, thus preventing the disaster from escalating. On the other hand, the high-speed sprayed thermal aerosol impacts the dry water layer, blowing out some of the dry water through gas pressure. This water, along with the cooled thermal aerosol, is sprayed from the tank opening into the battery module 100. After the dry water mist adheres to the surface of the high-temperature battery cell 105, it achieves rapid physical cooling of the battery cell 105 through phase change heat absorption, fundamentally suppressing the further spread of thermal runaway.

[0031] The reactant shell 301 is fixed inside the dry water storage tank 305, with a vertically downward-facing nozzle at the bottom. The interior is filled with a mixture of S-type thermal aerosol reactant 303 and coolant. A high-voltage pulse electrode mounted on the top is connected to an external control terminal via a wire 304. The nozzle is covered with a PE film (to isolate the reactant 303 from the dry water and prevent premature contact failure). The operation of this component is based on the principle of pyrotechnic reaction triggering and thermal aerosol generation: when the data acquisition unit determines that the battery module 100 has experienced thermal runaway, it sends an electrical trigger signal to the high-voltage pulse electrode. The high-voltage pulse energy instantly generated by the electrode ignites the reactant 303 inside the reactant shell 301. The reactant 303 reacts with the coolant to rapidly generate a large amount of S-type thermal aerosol extinguishing medium. Under internal pressure, the generated thermal aerosol breaks through the PE film at the nozzle and is ejected vertically downwards into the dry water layer of the dry water storage tank 305 in the form of a high-speed stream, completing the generation and initial spraying of the extinguishing medium, preparing for subsequent cooling and extinguishing.

[0032] The design has been further optimized. The pressure detection module includes a pressure sensor 203, which is mounted on the base.

[0033] A method for preventing initial thermal runaway at the battery module and cluster level includes the following steps: S1. After the device is powered on, the data acquisition unit immediately performs a comprehensive inspection of the resistance values ​​of the tensile detection module and the pressure detection module to check for any abnormalities such as short circuits or resistance drift exceeding 5%. If the test results are normal, the data acquisition unit will set the initial resistance values ​​of the two detection modules as the reference values ​​for subsequent signal judgment, thus completing the initialization preparation before the device starts working. S2. After the device enters normal working state, the data acquisition unit continuously samples the detection modules according to the set parameters. The sampling frequency of the tensile detection module is not less than 1kHz, and the sliding window is set to 20ms. The sampling frequency of the pressure detection module is not less than 500Hz, and the sliding window is set to 40ms. At the same time, the data acquisition unit presets the abnormal signal judgment criteria: first, the peak value of the tensile force collected by the tensile detection module reaches 1.2 times or more of the benchmark value and the state continues for 3 sliding windows; second, the change in compressive pressure collected by the pressure detection module at any two corners of the base reaches 15N or more within 50 sliding windows and the state continues for 2 sliding windows. S3, the data acquisition unit synchronously analyzes the tensile and compressive force signals collected in real time, and uses 5 seconds as the judgment time threshold. If both the tensile detection module and the compressive force detection module trigger the above abnormal signals within the preset time, the data acquisition unit directly determines that the corresponding battery module 100 has suffered a thermal runaway disaster; if only one of the abnormal signals is triggered, the data acquisition unit determines it as a suspected abnormality and does not recognize it as a thermal runaway disaster. S4. When the data acquisition unit determines that the battery module 100 has experienced a thermal runaway disaster, it immediately sends a trigger electrical signal to the thermal aerosol fire extinguisher 300 in the corresponding module. After receiving the signal, the thermal aerosol generating component triggers a smoke and fire reaction to generate thermal aerosol that is sprayed into the bottom of the inner cavity of the cooling component and comes into full contact with the medium in the cooling component to achieve rapid cooling. The cooled thermal aerosol will carry the medium in the cooling component to spray into the battery module 100 to extinguish the fire and simultaneously achieve efficient cooling, suppressing the further development of thermal runaway. S5. When the data acquisition device detects only one type of abnormal signal and determines it to be a suspected abnormality, it immediately sends a warning message to the fire control terminal, clearly indicating the location of the suspected abnormal battery module 100. Safety personnel then go to the site to conduct an on-site inspection of the module, determine whether the abnormal signal is caused by non-thermal runaway factors of mechanical disturbance, and conduct a comprehensive fault investigation and corresponding handling of the battery module 100 to eliminate safety hazards.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0035] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery module and a cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device, characterized in that, include: A battery cluster support (201) has a base mounted on its bottom; A battery module (100) is provided with several groups of batteries at equal intervals on the battery cluster support (201). An elastic connector is installed on the outside of the battery module (100), and the battery module (100) is fixed on the battery cluster support (201) by the elastic connector. A tensile testing module, wherein the tensile testing module is installed on one of the sets of elastic connecting members; A pressure detection module is mounted on the base. A thermal aerosol fire extinguisher (300) includes a thermal aerosol generating component and a cooling component. The cooling component is installed inside the battery module (100), and the opening of the cooling component faces the inside of the battery module (100). The thermal aerosol generating component is installed inside the cooling component, and the nozzle of the thermal aerosol generating component faces the bottom of the inner cavity of the cooling component. A data acquisition device, which is connected to the tensile force detection module and the pressure detection module.

2. The battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module (100) includes: The module housing (101) is a rectangular cube structure, and the elastic connectors are respectively installed at the corners of the module housing (101); A module frame plate (103) is placed inside the module housing (101). A support spring (104) is installed at the bottom of the module frame plate (103) and the support spring (104) is fixed to the bottom of the module housing (101). The battery cell (105) is provided in several groups, and the several groups of the battery cells (105) are all fixed on the module frame plate (103).

3. The battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic connector includes a high-stiffness spring (102) mounted on the corner of the module housing (101).

4. The battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tension detection module includes a tension sensor (202), which is mounted on one of the sets of high-stiffness springs (102).

5. A battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cooling and temperature reduction assembly includes a dry water storage tank (305), which has an opening on its front side. The dry water storage tank (305) is fixed to the inner wall of the module housing (101), and is filled with dry water.

6. The battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thermal aerosol generating assembly includes a reactant housing (301), which is fixed inside the dry water storage tank (305). The bottom of the reactant housing (301) has a nozzle, which is vertically downward. The reactant housing (301) is filled with a reactant (303) and a coolant. A high-voltage pulse electrode for triggering is installed on the top of the reactant housing (301), and the wire (304) of the high-voltage pulse electrode extends through the top of the reactant housing (301).

7. The battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure detection module includes a pressure sensor (203), which is mounted on the base.

8. A method for preventing initial thermal runaway of a battery module and cluster, based on the battery module and cluster-level initial thermal runaway prevention device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After the device is powered on, the data acquisition unit immediately performs a comprehensive inspection of the resistance values ​​of the tensile detection module and the pressure detection module to check for any abnormalities such as short circuits or resistance drift exceeding 5%. If the test results are normal, the data acquisition unit will set the initial resistance values ​​of the two detection modules as the reference values ​​for subsequent signal judgment, thus completing the initialization preparation before the device starts working. S2. After the device enters normal working state, the data acquisition unit continuously samples the detection modules according to the set parameters. The sampling frequency of the tensile detection module is not less than 1kHz, and the sliding window is set to 20ms. The sampling frequency of the pressure detection module is not less than 500Hz, and the sliding window is set to 40ms. At the same time, the data acquisition unit presets the abnormal signal judgment criteria: first, the peak value of the tensile force collected by the tensile detection module reaches 1.2 times or more of the benchmark value and the state continues for 3 sliding windows; second, the change in compressive pressure collected by the pressure detection module at any two corners of the base reaches 15N or more within 50 sliding windows and the state continues for 2 sliding windows. S3, the data acquisition unit synchronously analyzes the tensile and compressive signals collected in real time, and uses 5 seconds as the judgment time threshold. If both the tensile detection module and the compressive detection module trigger the above abnormal signals within the preset time, the data acquisition unit directly determines that the corresponding battery module (100) has suffered a thermal runaway disaster; if only one of the abnormal signals is triggered, the data acquisition unit determines it as a suspected abnormality and does not recognize it as a thermal runaway disaster. S4, when the data acquisition unit determines that the battery module (100) has suffered a thermal runaway disaster, it immediately sends a trigger electrical signal to the thermal aerosol fire extinguisher (300) in the corresponding module. After receiving the signal, the thermal aerosol generating component triggers a smoke and fire reaction to generate thermal aerosol that is sprayed into the bottom of the inner cavity of the cooling component and comes into full contact with the medium in the cooling component to achieve rapid cooling. The cooled thermal aerosol will carry the medium in the cooling component to spray into the battery module (100) to extinguish the fire and simultaneously achieve efficient cooling, suppressing the further development of thermal runaway; S5, when the data acquisition device detects only one type of abnormal signal and determines it to be a suspected abnormality, it immediately sends a warning message to the fire control terminal, clearly indicating the location of the suspected abnormal battery module (100), and safety personnel go to the site to conduct an on-site inspection of the module, determine whether the abnormal signal is caused by non-thermal runaway factors of mechanical disturbance, and conduct a comprehensive fault investigation and corresponding treatment of the battery module (100) to eliminate safety hazards.

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