Orthotic force dynamic monitoring analysis method, scoliosis brace, and brace system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of biomedical engineering, and provides a kind of orthopedic force dynamic monitoring analysis method, scoliosis brace and brace system, comprising: brace main body, speed reducer and monitoring unit;First, obtain temperature monitoring data and pressure monitoring data;Then according to temperature monitoring data and pressure monitoring data, determine current correction state;Finally, according to the current correction state and the pressure monitoring data, determine the driving instruction, to indicate the speed reducer adjusts the correction parameter of the brace main body.The present application determines the correction effectiveness by temperature and pressure double sensing combination, significantly improves the monitoring accuracy of wearing compliance, realizes real-time optimization and abnormal state automatic correction of orthopedic force, and greatly improves the correction stability and treatment effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomedical engineering technology, and in particular to a method for dynamic monitoring and analysis of orthopedic force, a scoliosis brace and a brace system. Background Technology

[0002] Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a prevalent three-dimensional spinal deformity among adolescents, most commonly occurring during the rapid growth period of 10-18 years old. It severely impacts posture, cardiopulmonary function, and mental health, making it a key disease for prevention and control in orthopedics and rehabilitation medicine. For patients whose bones are not yet fully mature, are in their peak growth period, and have a Cobb angle between 25° and 45°, bracing therapy uses external directional corrective forces to limit the further aggravation of scoliosis during growth, delaying or avoiding the risk of eventually requiring surgical correction. In recent years, the rapid development and application of three-dimensional surface scanning, computer-aided design, and 3D printing technologies in brace fabrication have made personalized 3D-printed scoliosis braces widely available. Compared to traditional plaster casting and handmade braces, these braces offer advantages such as high fit, good comfort, precise corrective force, and a lighter appearance, making them the mainstream clinical choice.

[0003] The ultimate efficacy of brace therapy largely depends on the patient's adherence to the prescribed daily wearing time; compliance is a key factor in determining the success or failure of treatment. For a long time, clinical assessment of compliance has relied primarily on subjective recollections, verbal reports, or handwritten records from patients and their families, lacking objective verification methods. Although digital monitoring technology has improved overall compliance, the single dimension of wearing time recording still cannot reflect whether the brace is truly exerting its corrective effect; therefore, the corrective effect of existing scoliosis braces is relatively poor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for dynamic monitoring and analysis of orthopedic force, a scoliosis brace and a brace system, which addresses the problem of poor corrective effect of existing scoliosis orthopedic braces.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for dynamic monitoring and analysis of orthopedic force, wherein a scoliosis brace includes a brace body, a reduction motor and a monitoring unit; The monitoring unit includes a monitoring terminal, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor. This method is applied to the monitoring terminal in scoliosis braces; The method includes: Acquire temperature and pressure monitoring data; The current correction status is determined based on temperature and pressure monitoring data; Based on the current correction status and pressure monitoring data, a drive command is determined to instruct the geared motor to adjust the correction parameters of the support body.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the current correction status is determined based on temperature monitoring data and pressure monitoring data, including: The current correction status is determined based on temperature monitoring data, preset temperature threshold, pressure monitoring data, and preset pressure fluctuation threshold.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the drive command is determined based on the current correction status and pressure monitoring data, including: If the current correction status is effective wearing, the drive command is determined to be a maintenance command based on the pressure monitoring data, so as to keep the correction parameters of the brace body unchanged; If the current correction status is qualified wearing, the drive command is determined to be an adjustment command based on the pressure monitoring data, so as to adjust the correction parameters of the brace body and send a prompt message to the target terminal; If the current correction status is invalid, a warning signal is sent to the target terminal.

[0008] A second aspect of the present invention provides a scoliosis brace, comprising: The support body, the geared motor, and the monitoring unit; The monitoring unit includes a monitoring terminal, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor; both the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are located inside the main body of the support. The geared motor is mounted on the support body and is used to adjust the correction parameters of the support body according to the drive command of the monitoring terminal; The monitoring terminal is used to perform the dynamic monitoring and analysis method of orthopedic force as described in the first aspect above.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the monitoring unit is also equipped with a Bluetooth module; The monitoring terminal is used to send temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data, and drive commands to the target terminal; Alternatively, the monitoring terminal can be used to receive correction information sent by the target terminal in order to adjust the drive commands.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the inner side of the brace body is divided into a primary corrective mechanical bearing area and a secondary support stable contact area; the pressure sensor includes a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor. The main corrective mechanical bearing area is equipped with a temperature sensor and at least one first pressure sensor; At least one second pressure sensor is installed in the secondary support stable bonding area.

[0011] A third aspect of the present invention provides a bracing system, including a target terminal and a scoliosis brace as described in the first aspect above; The monitoring terminal is used to send temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data, and drive commands to the target terminal before executing the drive commands; The target terminal is used to acquire temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data and drive commands sent by the monitoring terminal; determine the first correction state based on the temperature monitoring data and pressure monitoring data; determine the correction information based on the first correction state and send it to the monitoring terminal of the scoliosis brace; The monitoring terminal is used to adjust the drive command to the target command corresponding to the correction information sent by the target terminal, so as to adjust the correction parameters of the main body of the scoliosis brace.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the target terminal is used for: Based on temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data, and time-series state monitoring model, the first correction state is determined.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the target terminal is used for: Based on temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data of the main correction mechanical bearing area, and the first time-series state monitoring model, the first correction characteristic is determined; The second correction feature is determined based on the pressure monitoring data of the secondary support stable contact area and the second time-series state monitoring model. The first correction state is determined based on the first and second correction features.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the system also includes a cloud platform and at least one query terminal; the cloud platform is connected to the target terminal; and the query terminal is connected to the cloud platform.

[0015] Compared to traditional technologies, this invention provides a method for dynamic monitoring and analysis of orthopedic force, a scoliosis brace, and a brace system, including: a brace body, a geared motor, and a monitoring unit. First, temperature and pressure monitoring data are acquired; then, the current correction state is determined based on the temperature and pressure monitoring data; finally, based on the current correction state and the pressure monitoring data, a drive command is determined to instruct the geared motor to adjust the correction parameters of the brace body. This invention significantly improves the accuracy of wearing compliance monitoring by jointly determining the correction effectiveness through dual temperature and pressure sensing, achieving real-time optimization of orthopedic force and automatic correction of abnormal states, thereby greatly improving correction stability and treatment efficacy. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the scoliosis brace provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of the orthopedic force dynamic monitoring and analysis method provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bracing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the homepage of the personalized intelligent spinal orthotic brace APP provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring interface of the APP for the personalized intelligent spinal orthotic brace provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the message interface of the APP for the personalized intelligent spinal orthotic brace provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the personal interface of the personalized intelligent spinal orthotic brace APP provided in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the scoliosis brace provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the scoliosis brace includes: The device comprises a support body 11, a reduction motor 12, and a monitoring unit 13. The monitoring unit 13 includes a monitoring terminal 14, a pressure sensor 15, and a temperature sensor 16. Both the pressure sensor 15 and the temperature sensor 16 are located inside the support body 11. The reduction motor 12 is mounted on the support body 11 and is used to adjust the correction parameters of the support body 11 according to the drive commands from the monitoring terminal 14. The monitoring terminal 14 is used to determine the current correction status based on the temperature monitoring data collected by the temperature sensor 16 and the pressure monitoring data collected by the pressure sensor 15, and to determine the drive commands based on the current correction status and the pressure monitoring data.

[0019] In this embodiment of the invention, the pressure sensor 15 is a flexible thin-film pressure sensor, deployed inside the main body 11 of the brace in key correction areas such as the apical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. It can collect orthopedic pressure data between the brace and the human torso in real time, accurately reflecting whether the magnitude and distribution of the orthopedic force meet the standards. The response time is less than 100ms, and the pressure acquisition error is controlled within 5%, exhibiting good biocompatibility and dynamic stability. The temperature sensor 16 is also embedded inside the main body 11 of the brace, used to continuously detect the contact temperature between the brace and the body surface to determine whether the brace is worn close to the body, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional compliance monitoring that relies solely on patient subjective reports.

[0020] The clinical efficacy of brace therapy depends not only on whether the patient wears the brace, but also heavily on whether the brace continuously applies effective corrective force during wear. However, traditional compliance assessment methods are mostly based on patient self-report or single parameter (such as temperature) records, which often only reflect "active wearing time" and cannot distinguish whether the brace truly exerts a biomechanical corrective effect within a specific time period.

[0021] Research based on digital sensing technology has begun to attempt to objectively quantify "effective wearing time." Among them, temperature sensors are used to determine whether the brace is in continuous contact with the human body. However, relying solely on temperature signals may still overestimate the actual correction time. For example, if the brace is loose, the straps are not fixed, or the correction area is not under sufficient force, the system may still determine that it has been "worn."

[0022] The monitoring terminal 14 performs dual-parameter cross-validation and fusion judgment on temperature monitoring data and pressure monitoring data: only when the temperature value reaches the human body contact threshold (about 28°C) and the pressure value is within the effective orthopedic range and meets the stable fluctuation requirement (fluctuation threshold 0.8 times / minute) is the current state of effective correction determined; if only the temperature is up to standard but the pressure is insufficient, it is identified as an invalid wearing state such as the brace is loose, the straps are not tightened, or there is no force applied to the body. This achieves a precise assessment from "whether it is worn" to "whether it is effectively corrected", solving the technical problems that single temperature monitoring is prone to overestimating the effective treatment time and cannot identify mechanical failure.

[0023] The monitoring terminal 14 automatically generates corresponding drive commands based on real-time correction status and pressure monitoring data and sends them to the geared motor 12. After receiving the commands, the geared motor 12 dynamically adjusts the strap tension, fit tightness and correction position of the brace body 11, and adaptively optimizes the brace correction parameters to keep the orthopedic force within the effective treatment range, avoiding brace slippage or loss of orthopedic force due to changes in body position or limb movement.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of the orthopedic force dynamic monitoring and analysis method provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the orthopedic force dynamic monitoring and analysis method is applied to a monitoring terminal; the method includes: S210 acquires temperature and pressure monitoring data; S220 determines the current correction status based on temperature and pressure monitoring data; S230 determines the drive command based on the current correction status and pressure monitoring data.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, temperature sensors and flexible film pressure sensors deployed inside the correction area of ​​the brace body simultaneously collect physical signals between the brace and the human torso. The temperature sensor continuously collects the surface temperature at the point of contact between the brace and the skin, outputting continuous temperature monitoring data to determine whether the brace maintains close contact with the human body. The pressure sensor collects the orthopedic pressure applied by the brace to the scoliosis correction area in real time, outputting pressure values ​​and pressure fluctuation frequencies to determine whether the orthopedic force exists and whether it meets the standard. The data from both types of sensors are synchronously uploaded to the monitoring terminal at a fixed frequency, realizing the parallel acquisition of temperature and pressure signals.

[0026] In some embodiments, determining the current correction state based on temperature monitoring data collected by a temperature sensor and pressure monitoring data collected by a pressure sensor includes: determining the current correction state based on temperature monitoring data, a preset temperature threshold, pressure monitoring data, and a preset pressure fluctuation threshold.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, the monitoring terminal performs dual-parameter cross-validation and fusion judgment on the received temperature and pressure data to strictly distinguish between effective correction status and ineffective wearing status: Temperature condition determination: When the temperature monitoring data reaches the preset temperature threshold (greater than or equal to 28℃), it is determined that the brace is in close contact with the human body; if it is below the threshold, it is determined that it is not being worn or has been removed from contact.

[0028] Pressure condition determination: When the pressure monitoring data is within the effective correction range and the pressure fluctuation frequency meets the preset pressure fluctuation threshold (less than or equal to 0.8 times / minute), it is determined that the brace is applying an effective correction force; if the pressure value is too low or the fluctuation is abnormal, it is determined that there is no force, insufficient force, or the brace has slipped.

[0029] In some embodiments, determining a drive command based on the current correction status and pressure monitoring data includes: if the current correction status is effective wearing, determining the drive command as a maintenance command based on the pressure monitoring data to keep the correction parameters of the brace body unchanged; if the current correction status is qualified wearing, determining the drive command as an adjustment command based on the pressure monitoring data to adjust the correction parameters of the brace body and sending a prompt message to the target terminal; if the current correction status is invalid wearing, sending a warning signal to the target terminal.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, if the current correction state is effective wearing, that is, the temperature monitoring data reaches the human body contact threshold and the pressure monitoring data is within the preset effective correction range, it indicates that the brace has been correctly worn and the correction force meets the treatment requirements. Then, based on the pressure monitoring data, the drive command is determined to be a maintenance command to control the correction parameters of the brace body to remain unchanged, so that the correction force is continuously and stably output.

[0031] If the current corrective state is considered adequate (temperature monitoring data meets the standard, but pressure monitoring data is slightly higher or lower than the effective orthopedic range), it indicates that the brace is in a close-fitting state but the orthopedic force is not within the optimal range. Based on the pressure monitoring data, the drive command is determined to be an adjustment command to automatically adjust the brace's strap tension, fit tightness, and other corrective parameters, bringing the orthopedic force back to the target treatment range. Simultaneously, a prompt message is sent to the target terminal to remind the patient or caregiver to monitor the brace's wearing status. For example, if the pressure monitoring data exceeds the upper limit of the effective orthopedic range but does not exceed 110% of the upper limit, or if the pressure monitoring data is lower than the lower limit of the effective orthopedic range but not lower than 90% of the lower limit, it is determined that the pressure monitoring data is slightly high or slightly low, corresponding to an adequate wearing state. The effective orthopedic range needs to be set by a professional medical personnel according to the patient's condition, for example, 30N to 50N.

[0032] If the current corrective state is ineffective, that is, the temperature monitoring data is up to standard but the pressure monitoring data is continuously missing or significantly low, indicating that the brace is loose, slipping, or the straps are not tightened and are not in close contact with the body and not under force, a warning signal will be sent directly to the target terminal to remind the patient to readjust the brace in time to ensure that the treatment process is continuous and effective.

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, when multiple pressure sensors are installed within the brace, each sensor independently collects the orthopedic pressure value and pressure fluctuation frequency of its corresponding area. These sensors are then matched against preset effective orthopedic pressure thresholds and preset pressure fluctuation thresholds for single-point state determination, achieving refined identification of the orthopedic force distribution. After multiple pressure sensors complete single-point threshold determination, weighted values ​​are assigned based on the mechanical weight of each orthopedic area in scoliosis treatment. The apical vertebra, as the core orthopedic area, is given the highest weight, while the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are assigned corresponding weights according to their correction priority. The pressure compliance and fluctuation stability of each sensor are converted into quantitative scores and then weighted and summed. During the weighted summation process, the effective force state receives full marks, local orthopedic failure is penalized according to the proportion of pressure loss, and excessive pressure is penalized according to the magnitude exceeding the threshold, ultimately generating an overall orthopedic force effectiveness score for the brace. Weighted values ​​are assigned to each correction area based on its biomechanical weight in scoliosis treatment. The apical vertebra, as the core correction area, is given the highest weight. The thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are assigned corresponding weights according to their correction priority. The pressure attainment and fluctuation stability of each sensor are converted into quantitative scores and then weighted and summed. For example, the weight coefficient for the apical vertebra is set to 0.5, the weight coefficient for the thoracic vertebra is set to 0.3, and the weight coefficient for the lumbar vertebra is set to 0.2, with the sum of the three weight coefficients being 1. Each area is scored on a 100-point scale, with the effective force state receiving a maximum score of 100 points. Points are deducted for local correction failure based on the proportion of pressure loss, with 10 points deducted for every 10% increase in the pressure loss proportion. Points are deducted for excessive pressure based on exceeding the threshold range, with 10 points deducted for every 10% increase in the proportion exceeding the upper limit of the effective correction range. The lowest possible score for any single area is 0 points. The overall orthopedic effectiveness score is calculated as follows: (apical vertebral region score × 0.5) + (thoracic vertebral region score × 0.3) + (lumbar vertebral region score × 0.2), resulting in an overall orthopedic effectiveness score of 0-100. For example, if a patient's apical vertebral region score is 90, the thoracic vertebral region score is 80, and the lumbar vertebral region score is 70, then the overall orthopedic effectiveness score is 90 × 0.5 + 80 × 0.3 + 70 × 0.2 = 45 + 24 + 14 = 83.

[0034] The overall orthodontic effectiveness score, combined with the close contact judgment of the temperature sensor at ≥28℃, determines the current correction status according to the score range: a score ≥80 is an effective correction status, 60≤score<80 is a qualified wearing status, and a score<60 is an ineffective wearing status. Then, the monitoring terminal generates corresponding drive commands such as maintenance, adjustment or warning prompts according to different correction statuses, so as to realize the adaptive control of the brace correction parameters and the accurate assessment of effective wearing.

[0035] For example, a pressure sensor is installed on the inner side of the main body of the brace at the top vertebra, thoracic vertebra, and lumbar vertebrae.

[0036] The apical vertebra, as the core force-bearing area for scoliosis correction, is assessed using a dual criterion: an effective corrective pressure range and a preset pressure fluctuation threshold of ≤0.8 times / minute. Real-time collected pressure values ​​falling within the effective range and with fluctuation frequencies within the limit are considered to indicate effective force application in that area; pressure values ​​below the lower effective limit are considered insufficient corrective force; pressure values ​​above the upper effective limit are considered excessive pressure; and fluctuation frequencies exceeding the limit are considered brace slippage / postural interference.

[0037] To accommodate the physiological curvature and correction needs of the thoracic spine, a graded pressure threshold system is used, divided into four levels: no stress, mild stress, effective stress, and excessive pressure. Pressure fluctuation frequency is simultaneously checked. If the pressure falls within the effective stress level and the fluctuation is stable, it is considered effective stress; if the pressure is in the mild stress or excessive pressure level, it is considered abnormal stress; if the pressure is zero or fluctuates violently, it is considered local failure. The graded pressure thresholds are set based on the principle of stable support without compression. Examples of settings are: no stress: 0–10N, mild stress: 10N–20N, effective stress: 20N–40N, excessive pressure: >40N. For the second pressure sensor in the secondary support stable fit area, firstly, the support fit pressure value must be within the preset stable fit pressure range, which is lower than the pressure in the main correction area, with the goal of comfort, fixation, and no slippage. The specific range needs to be set by professional medical personnel according to the patient's condition, such as 15N to 40N; secondly, the pressure signal should not have frequent jumps or continuous abnormal fluctuations, ensuring that the overall position of the brace is stable, does not rotate, does not shift, and does not tilt.

[0038] For example, the criteria for judging the stability of the fluctuation are: the pressure fluctuation frequency is ≤0.8 times / minute, and the pressure difference between adjacent sampling points does not exceed 10% of the effective support pressure range; The criteria for judging severe fluctuations are: pressure fluctuation frequency > 0.8 times / minute, or pressure difference between adjacent sampling points exceeds 20% of the effective support pressure range, and the duration exceeds 3 consecutive sampling cycles.

[0039] The lumbar spine bears the responsibility of support and stability. Support pressure thresholds and fluctuation stability thresholds are set. If the pressure value meets the standard and the fluctuation is stable, it is considered effective support; if the pressure is too low and cannot provide support, it is considered insufficient support; if the pressure is too high and causes discomfort, it is considered excessive compression; if the pressure fluctuates frequently, it is considered poor fit. For example, the criteria for judging frequent pressure fluctuations are: the pressure difference between adjacent sampling points exceeds 20% of the current effective pressure range, and there are 3 or more pressure abrupt changes within 5 consecutive sampling cycles, or the pressure fluctuation frequency is greater than 0.8 times / minute. Meeting any one of these conditions constitutes frequent pressure fluctuations.

[0040] In some embodiments, the monitoring unit 13 is further provided with a Bluetooth module; the monitoring terminal is used to send temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data and drive commands to the target terminal; or, the monitoring terminal is used to receive correction information sent by the target terminal to adjust the drive commands.

[0041] In some embodiments, the inner side of the brace body is divided into a primary corrective mechanical bearing area and a secondary support stable contact area; the pressure sensor includes a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor; the primary corrective mechanical bearing area is provided with a temperature sensor and at least one first pressure sensor; at least one second pressure sensor is provided in the secondary support stable contact area.

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, based on the three-dimensional biomechanical correction principle of scoliosis, the inner surface of the brace body is strictly divided into two major functional areas: the main correction mechanical bearing area and the secondary support stable fit area, according to functional positioning, mechanical action and clinical correction priority. Sensing and monitoring units are arranged differently according to the core tasks of each area.

[0043] The primary corrective mechanical bearing area corresponds to the apical region and the pressure area on the main convex side of the scoliosis patient, which are key mechanical action sites that determine the corrective effect. It is the core functional area where the brace applies active, directional, and continuous corrective force. This area has a built-in temperature sensor and at least one primary pressure sensor. The temperature sensor is specifically used to collect the contact temperature between the inside of the brace and the skin of the human torso, which is the sole determination of whether the brace is in a true, stable, and close-fitting state, eliminating ineffective states such as not wearing, wearing incompletely, or wearing intermittently. The secondary support and stabilization fit area corresponds to the non-core correction segment of the thoracic spine, the stabilization segment of the lumbar spine, the lateral fit segment of the torso, and the edge fixation segment of the brace, which are non-primary pressure application sites. Its main functions are to fix the overall position of the brace, maintain the balance of the torso, distribute local concentrated pressure, prevent the brace from slipping or rotating, and improve wearing comfort and fit. This area has a built-in at least one secondary pressure sensor, which is used to collect auxiliary support pressure, fit pressure, and stabilization pressure in real time to determine whether the brace fits securely as a whole and whether there are any local lifting, loosening, or displacement that may affect the corrective effect.

[0044] Temperature sensors within the main orthodontic bearing area continuously collect temperature data on the contact surface between the brace and the skin at a fixed sampling frequency. When the monitored temperature is below 28°C, regardless of any pressure signals collected by the first and second pressure sensors, the system directly determines that the brace has not formed effective close contact with the human torso. This includes situations such as the brace not being worn, detaching after wearing, partially suspended, or wearing intermittently. These situations do not proceed to subsequent pressure analysis and scoring processes; the current orthodontic state is clearly defined as not being worn. The monitoring terminal maintains low-power operation, does not send any drive commands to the geared motor, and only continuously collects temperature data in a loop until the close contact condition is met. When the monitored temperature reaches or exceeds 28°C, the system formally determines that the brace has formed stable and continuous close contact with the human torso, possessing the basic physical conditions for effective orthodontic treatment. Simultaneously, the system initiates the pressure data collection and threshold determination process for the main orthodontic bearing area and the secondary support stable contact area.

[0045] After entering the dual-zone pressure independent judgment stage, the system adopts independent judgment criteria, independent threshold parameters, and independent state output rules for the first and second pressure sensors, respectively, adapted to their functional positioning. For the first pressure sensor in the main orthodontic mechanical bearing zone, firstly, the instantaneous pressure value must fall within the pre-calibrated effective orthodontic pressure range. This range is individually set according to the patient's age, weight, Cobb angle, and trunk flexibility to ensure that the orthodontic force is sufficient to produce a corrective effect while avoiding excessive pressure that could cause skin damage, pain, or abnormal skeletal stress. Secondly, the pressure fluctuation frequency must not exceed 0.8 times / minute to eliminate mechanical instability caused by changes in body position, trunk movement, or slight displacement of the brace, ensuring that the orthodontic force is in a continuously effective state. The system determines that the main orthodontic mechanical bearing area is in an effective mechanical state only when both the pressure value and the fluctuation frequency meet the standard. If any of the following conditions are met, the pressure value is lower than the effective lower limit of orthodontic correction, the pressure value is higher than the safety upper limit, or the pressure fluctuation frequency exceeds 0.8 times / minute, the main orthodontic mechanical bearing area is determined to be mechanically abnormal or mechanically failed. This result directly determines the level of the overall orthodontic status.

[0046] For example, the specific setting method is as follows: the baseline pressure is set at 25N to 60N, and adjusted positively according to age, weight, and Cobb angle, and dynamically corrected according to trunk flexibility grading; after correction, the baseline pressure ±15% is used as the lower and upper limits of the range, respectively, to form the individualized effective orthopedic pressure range for the patient. For example, a patient who is 14 years old, weighs 50kg, has a Cobb angle of 35°, and has moderate trunk flexibility, has a baseline pressure of 58N calculated individually, and the effective orthopedic pressure range is determined to be 49N to 67N with ±15%.

[0047] For the second pressure sensor in the secondary support stable fit area, firstly, the support fit pressure value must be within the preset stable fit pressure range, which is lower than the pressure in the main correction area, aiming for comfort, fixation, and no slippage; secondly, the pressure signal should not have frequent jumps or continuous abnormal fluctuations, ensuring the overall position of the brace is stable, without rotation, deviation, or tilting. Only when the pressure value is within a reasonable range and the signal is stable is the secondary support stable fit area determined to be in an effective fit support state; if the pressure is too low, causing the brace to loosen, or if the pressure is too high, causing local soft tissue discomfort due to pressure, or if the pressure signal fluctuates violently, the secondary support stable fit area is determined to be abnormally fitted or the support has failed.

[0048] After determining the independent pressure states of the primary and secondary zones, the system proceeds to the weighted scoring calculation stage. Following the clinical biomechanical principle that "the primary correction zone determines efficacy and has a higher weight; the secondary support zone determines stability and has a secondary weight," differentiated weight coefficients are assigned to the first and second pressure sensors: the weight coefficient for the primary correction biomechanical bearing zone is significantly higher than that for the secondary support stable fit zone, reflecting the priority of the core corrective force. The system converts the pressure compliance and fluctuation stability of the first pressure sensor into individual scores for the primary zone, and the pressure compliance and signal stability of the second pressure sensor into individual scores for the secondary zone. These scores are then multiplied by their respective weight coefficients and summed to obtain a weighted overall orthodontic effectiveness score of 0-100. For example, the weight coefficient for the primary correction biomechanical bearing zone is set to 0.6–0.8, and the weight coefficient for the secondary support stable fit zone is set to 0.2–0.4, with the sum of the two weight coefficients being 1.

[0049] When the temperature is ≥28℃, the main orthopedic mechanical bearing area is mechanically effective, the secondary support stable fit area is effectively fitted, and the overall weighted score is ≥80 points, the system determines that the current state is effective correction. This means that the core orthopedic force of the brace is sufficient, stable, and continuous, the auxiliary support is reliable, fits well, and there is no slippage or loosening. The brace as a whole is in the optimal clinical treatment condition. At this time, the monitoring terminal generates and sends a maintenance command to the reduction motor, controlling the reduction motor to maintain the current output torque and position, so that all correction parameters such as the strap tension, correction pressure position, and local fit tightness of the brace body remain unchanged. This ensures that the orthopedic force is continuously, stably, and accurately applied to the main correction area without performing any adjustment actions. At the same time, data is recorded normally on the patient's and doctor's APP without triggering any reminders.

[0050] When the temperature is ≥28℃, the mechanical properties of the main orthodontic bearing area are basically up to standard but there is a slight deviation (pressure close to the threshold, fluctuation slightly exceeding the upper limit), or the secondary support stability area has slightly insufficient fit and the pressure slightly deviates from the target range, and the overall weighted score is between 60 and 79 points, the system determines that the current wearing state is qualified. This means that the brace is worn snugly and can provide basic correction, but it has not reached the optimal mechanical balance. There is room for slight optimization, which will not immediately affect the efficacy, but requires fine-tuning to improve the quality of treatment. At this time, the monitoring terminal generates an adaptive and precise adjustment command based on the direction, magnitude, and location of the pressure deviation in the main and secondary areas and sends it to the geared motor. The geared motor drives the geared motor to perform small-amplitude, high-precision movements, prioritizing the adjustment of the strap tension and pressure position in the main orthodontic bearing area to quickly return it to the optimal effective range. Simultaneously, it fine-tunes the fit tightness and fixation force of the secondary support stability area to optimize overall stability. At the same time, it sends a gentle status prompt message to the patient and doctor's target terminals to inform them that the wearing state is normal and the system has completed automatic optimization without manual intervention.

[0051] For example, the target reference pressure is set at the midpoint of the patient's individualized effective orthodontic pressure range. The current pressure value is collected in real time, and the difference between the current pressure and the target reference pressure is calculated to obtain the pressure deviation value and deviation amplitude. The deviation direction is divided into two categories: insufficient pressure (current pressure < target reference pressure) and excessive pressure (current pressure > target reference pressure). The deviation location is divided into two categories: the primary orthodontic mechanical bearing area and the secondary support stable fit area. The deviation amplitude is graded according to intervals: deviation amplitude ≤ 10% is mild deviation, 10% < deviation amplitude ≤ 20% is moderate deviation, and 20% < deviation amplitude ≤ 30% is severe deviation. If the deviation exceeds 30%, automatic adjustment is not performed, and a manual reminder is triggered directly. Graded generation is performed for different deviation directions, amplitudes, and locations. Corresponding adjustment commands: For slight deviation, a single-step adjustment command is generated, with the motor moving one step and corresponding to a pressure change of 5N; for moderate deviation, a two-step progressive adjustment command is generated, with each step spaced 30 seconds apart and each step moving one step; for severe deviation, a three-step progressive adjustment command is generated, with each step spaced 60 seconds apart and each step moving one step; when the pressure is insufficient, the motor rotates forward to tighten the straps to increase the pressure; when the pressure is too high, the motor rotates in reverse to loosen the straps to reduce the pressure; deviations in the main correction area are adjusted first, while deviations in the secondary support area are adjusted simultaneously as auxiliary adjustments; after each adjustment, the pressure value is immediately checked. If it returns to the effective correction range, the adjustment is terminated early and the system enters a locked maintenance state; if it exceeds the safety threshold, the action is stopped immediately and the system reverses 0.5 steps to ensure safety and controllability throughout the process.

[0052] When the temperature is ≥28℃, but the main orthodontic mechanical bearing area shows significant mechanical failure (severely insufficient pressure, complete lack of pressure, fluctuation frequency far exceeding 0.8 times / minute), or when both the main and secondary areas show abnormal pressure and the overall weighted score is <60 points, the system determines that the current wearing state is invalid. This corresponds to situations where the brace is loose, the straps are not tightened, the main orthodontic area slips and hangs, it fits the body but is not under force, or the brace rotates and deviates, making effective correction impossible. At this time, the monitoring terminal does not send any automatic adjustment commands to the geared motor, but immediately sends a high-frequency, conspicuous warning signal to the target terminals of the patient and doctor, and simultaneously records the start time, duration, abnormal type, and abnormal location of the invalid wearing, reminding the patient to immediately stop the current invalid wearing, readjust the brace position, tighten the fixing straps, and ensure that the main orthodontic area is fully under force and fits, until the pressure and temperature data of the main and secondary areas are all restored to the effective range. Only then does the system exit the warning state and re-enter the normal monitoring, judgment, and command output process.

[0053] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the brace system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the bracing system includes a scoliosis brace and a target terminal as described in the above embodiment; The monitoring terminal 14 of the scoliosis brace is connected to the target terminal 31. The monitoring terminal is used to send temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data, and drive commands to the target terminal before executing the drive commands. The target terminal 31 is used to acquire the temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data, and drive commands sent by the monitoring terminal. Based on the temperature monitoring data and pressure monitoring data, a first correction state is determined. Based on the first correction state, correction information is determined and sent to the monitoring terminal 14 of the scoliosis brace. The monitoring terminal 14 is used to adjust the drive commands to the target commands corresponding to the correction information sent by the target terminal 31, so as to adjust the correction parameters of the brace body of the scoliosis brace.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, when the monitoring terminal is not connected to an external device, the following can be used: Figure 2The method of the illustrated embodiment calculates drive commands and performs corresponding control. However, when the monitoring terminal is connected to an external device, such as the target terminal shown in this embodiment, since the target terminal has more computing power, the drive commands can be temporarily suspended. The collected data and drive commands are sent to the target terminal for calculation to achieve more precise control. After the target terminal completes the calculation, it sends the calculated correction information to the monitoring terminal. The monitoring terminal receives and parses the correction information, prioritizing the correction information sent by the target terminal. It corrects and reconstructs the locally pre-generated but not yet executed drive commands, generates a target drive command corresponding to the correction information, and sends the target drive command to the reduction motor installed on the brace body. The reduction motor is then driven to perform corresponding adjustment actions to adjust the correction parameters of the scoliosis brace body.

[0055] The correction status verification results explicitly stated in the correction information directly correspond to the basic execution logic of the target instructions. For example, if the verification result is a valid wearing status, a target instruction of locking and maintaining is generated; if the verification result is a qualified wearing status, a target instruction of parameter fine-tuning is generated; and if the verification result is an invalid wearing status, a target instruction of warning prompt or reset adjustment is generated. The target orthotic pressure range, adjustment range, and step adjustment requirements explicitly stated in the correction information directly correspond to the rotation direction, number of rotation steps, and torque output parameters of the geared motor in the target instructions. If the correction information requires increasing the orthotic pressure, it corresponds to generating a motor forward rotation tightening action instruction; if it requires decreasing the orthotic pressure, it corresponds to generating a motor reverse rotation loosening action instruction; and if it requires maintaining the current pressure, it corresponds to generating a motor stop locking action instruction. The execution sequence, step interval, and verification cycle requirements explicitly stated in the correction information directly correspond to the trigger time of the motor action, the interval duration of step execution, and the time node of status verification in the target instructions.

[0056] For example, the 40N target orthopedic pressure and the adjustment requirement of increasing by 5N in two steps, as specified in the correction information, directly correspond to the forward rotation of the geared motor in the target instruction, the number of rotation steps in the two steps, and the fixed torque output parameters for each step, thus clarifying the pressure increase target corresponding to each step. The 30s interval between each step in the correction information directly corresponds to the trigger time and lock-up time of the two steps of the motor in the target instruction, thus setting the execution rule of locking for 30s after the first step is executed before triggering the second step.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, the monitoring terminal 14 of the scoliosis brace and the target terminal 31 achieve bidirectional data communication via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or mobile communication network. The monitoring terminal 14 has all the functions of independently completing temperature acquisition, pressure acquisition, zone threshold judgment, weighted scoring, correction status judgment and drive command generation locally. At the same time, it can synchronously upload complete raw data and local decision information to the target terminal 31. The target terminal 31 can be a patient-end smart device, a doctor-end workstation, a monitoring device, etc., used to remotely receive, parse, verify and optimize all the information uploaded by the brace monitoring terminal 14, so as to realize remote visualization, remote analysis and remote control.

[0058] The monitoring terminal 14 of the scoliosis brace establishes a communication connection with the target terminal 31. The monitoring terminal 14 synchronously sends the temperature monitoring data collected from the main correction mechanical bearing area and the secondary support stable contact area, the pressure monitoring data from the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, and the locally generated drive commands to the target terminal 31. After receiving the above data, the target terminal 31 performs secondary analysis and verification on the data in conjunction with the preset temperature threshold, pressure fluctuation threshold, and time-series state monitoring model, and re-determines a more accurate new current correction state as the first correction state. Based on the first correction state, it generates a system containing correction parameters. The system adjusts the correction information, including strategies, pressure range optimization, and alert levels, and then sends the correction information back to the monitoring terminal 14. The monitoring terminal 14 prioritizes the correction information sent by the target terminal 31, modifies, updates, or reconstructs the original local drive commands, and then controls the geared motor to operate according to the adjusted drive commands. This dynamically adjusts the correction parameters such as the strap tension, fit tightness, and correction position of the brace body, ensuring that the core orthopedic force in the main orthopedic mechanical bearing area and the auxiliary support force in the secondary support stable fit area are always maintained within the effective treatment range, thus achieving synergistic effects between local automatic control and remote intelligent intervention.

[0059] In some embodiments, the target terminal is used to: determine a first correction state based on temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data, and a time-series state monitoring model.

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, the monitoring terminal continuously collects temperature monitoring data, orthopedic pressure monitoring data, and pressure fluctuation frequency data between the brace and the human body surface at a fixed sampling frequency using temperature and pressure sensors arranged inside the brace body. This forms a continuous time-series data stream containing timestamps, temperature values, pressure values, and fluctuation characteristics. This data stream is then uploaded to the target terminal in real time via Bluetooth, providing a standardized and highly complete input data source for the time-series state monitoring model. Upon receiving the data, the target terminal first performs preprocessing operations on the raw signal, including filtering, noise reduction, outlier removal, and time alignment. This eliminates false signals caused by instantaneous changes in body position, electromagnetic interference, and slight skin slippage, ensuring that the time-series data entering the model accurately reflects the brace wearing state and orthopedic mechanical state.

[0061] The time-series state monitoring model is a pre-trained time-series analysis model based on a large amount of clinical wearing data. It can be constructed using structures such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs), long short-term memory networks (LSTMs), or temporal convolutional networks (TCNs). It has the ability to extract features, learn trends, and classify states from time-series data, and can identify typical patterns such as stable wearing, temporary loosening, gap stress, and slippage failure from continuously changing signals. The model processes input data in units of time windows, not only reading the temperature and pressure values ​​at a specific moment, but also learning the continuity of temperature, the trend of pressure changes, and the evolution of fluctuation frequency over a period of time. This overcomes the shortcomings of single-point instantaneous judgment, which is easily interfered with and lacks accuracy, and achieves long-term, stable, and dynamic evaluation of wearing effectiveness.

[0062] The target terminal synchronously inputs pre-processed temperature and pressure monitoring data into the time-series state monitoring model, which then performs multi-dimensional time-series feature extraction and fusion judgment. On the one hand, the model analyzes the temperature time-series features to determine whether the orthosis continuously meets the close-fitting contact condition of ≥28℃, identifying ineffective contact states such as gap wearing, partial disengagement, and incomplete wearing. On the other hand, the model analyzes the pressure time-series features to determine whether the orthotic pressure is stable within the effective orthotic range and whether the pressure fluctuation frequency is ≤0.8 times / minute, identifying mechanical abnormalities such as insufficient force, excessive pressure, continuous slippage, and loose straps. The model makes joint decisions based on temperature and pressure time-series features, without relying on single-point threshold judgments, but using the consistency and stability of the state over a period of time as the core basis, significantly improving the reliability of the judgment results.

[0063] After completing the temporal feature fusion and comprehensive reasoning, the temporal state monitoring model outputs the final current correction state as the first correction state, which is clearly divided into an effective correction state, a qualified wearing state, or an ineffective wearing state. When the temperature consistently meets the standard, the pressure remains stable within the effective range for a long period, and the fluctuations meet the requirements, it is determined to be an effective correction state. When the temperature consistently meets the standard, the pressure basically meets the treatment requirements but there are brief minor deviations or slight fluctuations, it is determined to be a qualified wearing state. When the temperature meets the standard but the pressure is consistently lacking, fluctuates drastically, or the temperature does not meet the close-fitting conditions, it is determined to be an ineffective wearing state. The target terminal generates corresponding correction information based on this first correction state and sends it back to the monitoring terminal. The monitoring terminal adjusts the drive commands accordingly, controlling the geared motor to maintain, fine-tune, or provide alarm prompts, achieving fully adaptive, high-precision, and highly robust intelligent orthodontic control.

[0064] In some embodiments, the target terminal is configured to: determine a first correction feature based on temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data of the main correction mechanical bearing area and a first time-series state monitoring model; determine a second correction feature based on pressure monitoring data of the secondary support stable contact area and a second time-series state monitoring model; and determine a first correction state based on the first correction feature and the second correction feature.

[0065] In this embodiment of the invention, the monitoring terminal, through temperature sensors and a first pressure sensor deployed in the main orthodontic bearing area on the inner side of the brace body, simultaneously collects time-series data of surface contact temperature, orthodontic pressure, and pressure fluctuation frequency in the main orthodontic bearing area. This forms a multi-dimensional time-series input signal that includes continuous temperature changes, dynamic changes in core pressure, and the evolution of fluctuation patterns. This signal is then input into the first time-series state monitoring model. The first time-series state monitoring model is a dedicated time-series analysis model designed for the effectiveness of core orthodontic mechanics. It adopts a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network structure and uses clinically collected effective orthodontic data from the apical region and the pressure area on the main convex side as the training set. It focuses on learning time-series characteristics directly related to the orthodontic efficacy, such as the sustained achievement of temperature targets, whether the pressure in the main orthodontic area is stable within the effective orthodontic range, whether the pressure fluctuation frequency is ≤0.8 times / minute, and the duration of effective force application. Finally, it outputs a first orthodontic feature, which is used to quantitatively characterize whether the core orthodontic effect of the main orthodontic bearing area is stable, continuous, and effective.

[0066] The monitoring terminal simultaneously collects time-series data such as fitting pressure, support pressure, and local stability pressure in the auxiliary support area through a second pressure sensor deployed within the secondary support stable fit zone. This data forms a time-series input signal reflecting the brace's fixation reliability, overall fit, and postural stability, which is then input into the second time-series state monitoring model. The second time-series state monitoring model is an independent time-series analysis model designed for support fit and wearing stability. It employs a temporal convolutional network (TCN) structure and is independent of the first time-series state monitoring model in terms of network structure, training data, feature extraction targets, and output dimensions. Using clinical data demonstrating stable brace fit, no loosening, no slippage, and no tilting as its training set, it focuses on learning time-series features related to wearing stability, such as support pressure balance, signal stability, local loosening trends, and postural shift characteristics. Finally, it outputs a second correction feature to quantitatively characterize the support reliability and overall fit status of the secondary support stable fit zone.

[0067] The target terminal performs weighted fusion and joint decision-making on the first and second correction features, using the first correction feature as the primary judgment criterion and the second correction feature as the auxiliary judgment criterion to comprehensively determine the first correction status: when the first correction feature shows that the temperature is consistently within the standard, the pressure of the main correction area is stable and effective, and the second correction feature shows that the secondary support area is firmly attached and the support is balanced, it is judged as an effective correction status; when the first correction feature is basically within the standard but there are slight fluctuations, or the second correction feature shows slight insufficient fit, it is judged as a qualified wearing status; when the first correction feature determines that the main correction area has failed mechanically, or the second correction feature determines that there is obvious loosening and slippage, or both are abnormal at the same time, it is judged as an invalid wearing status.

[0068] For example, "temperature consistently meets the standard" means that within a continuous 30-second time window, the duration of contact between the brace and the body surface with a temperature ≥28°C is not less than 90%, and there are no instances of temperatures below 28°C for more than 3 consecutive seconds. Stable and effective means that the pressure value is within the individualized effective orthopedic pressure range, the pressure fluctuation frequency is ≤0.8 times / minute, the pressure difference between adjacent sampling points does not exceed 10% of the effective range, and this condition is maintained for more than 5 sampling cycles. Small fluctuation means that the pressure value is still within the effective orthopedic pressure range, but the pressure fluctuation frequency is 0.8 to 1.2 times / minute, or the pressure difference between adjacent sampling points is 10% to 20% of the effective range, and this condition is maintained for more than 5 sampling cycles. Slight inadequate fit means that the temperature is consistently within the effective range, the pressure value is within the effective range, but the pressure in the secondary support area is less than 15% below the lower limit of the stable fit pressure range, with no pressure jumps or slippage. Significant loosening and slippage means that the temperature is consistently within the effective range, but the pressure in the main correction area is more than 30% below the lower limit of the effective range, or the pressure fluctuation frequency is >1.2 times / minute, or the pressure difference between adjacent sampling points exceeds 20% of the effective range, and this condition occurs continuously for more than 5 sampling cycles, accompanied by a rapid drop or periodic jump in the pressure signal.

[0069] During patient use, the system continuously receives and integrates periodic follow-up information, including full-length spinal X-ray Cobb angle, vertebral rotation, trunk balance parameters, height and weight, growth and development stage, brace wearing time statistics, historical pressure distribution curves, comfort scores, skin pressure feedback, and records of ineffective wearing events, establishing an individualized, full-cycle, and traceable follow-up database. This database dynamically records the patient's biomechanical changes and usage behaviors at each stage from initial wearing, correction progress to stable maintenance.

[0070] Based on follow-up information, the system implements adaptive threshold adjustment: First, it extracts the average effective pressure distribution, pressure fluctuation patterns, temperature stability, and trend of corrective effect changes during the follow-up period, comparing the current effective force range with the initial preset threshold. When follow-up shows a decrease in the Cobb angle, an improvement in spinal flexibility, or changes in trunk morphology, the system automatically calculates and updates the effective lower and upper limits of corrective pressure, simultaneously correcting the preset pressure fluctuation threshold. If follow-up indicates excessive local pressure or decreased comfort, the upper limit of pressure is appropriately lowered and the fluctuation tolerance is relaxed. If follow-up indicates insufficient corrective force, the lower limit of effective pressure is increased and the fluctuation threshold is tightened, so that the temperature threshold, pressure threshold, and fluctuation threshold dynamically and adaptively match with the correction process, avoiding insufficient correction or excessive compression caused by fixed thresholds. The system automatically calculates and updates the effective lower and upper limits of corrective pressure, simultaneously correcting the preset pressure fluctuation threshold, which is determined based on the follow-up data from medical personnel. For example, the mean effective pressure during the follow-up phase is used as the new baseline, and ±15% of the baseline value is used as the updated upper and lower limits of the effective orthodontic pressure range. Simultaneously, the preset pressure fluctuation threshold is adaptively adjusted within the range of 0.6–1.0 times / minute based on the correction progress. If follow-up indicates excessively high local pressure, the judgment criteria are: local pressure consistently exceeding the current effective upper limit by more than 10% for more than 3 sampling cycles, or the patient's comfort score is below 60 points. In this case, the upper limit of pressure is appropriately reduced and the fluctuation tolerance is relaxed. The adjustment criteria are: lowering the upper limit of pressure by 5%–10% and relaxing the fluctuation threshold by 0.1–0.2 times / minute. If follow-up indicates insufficient correction force, the judgment criteria are: no improvement or worsening of the Cobb angle, pressure in the main correction area being more than 10% below the effective lower limit for more than 5 sampling cycles. In this case, the effective lower limit of pressure is increased and the fluctuation threshold is tightened. The adjustment criteria are: raising the lower limit of pressure by 5%–10% and tightening the fluctuation threshold by 0.1–0.2 times / minute.

[0071] Based on the adaptively updated thresholds and follow-up information, the system optimizes the motor control strategy: according to the characteristics recorded during follow-up, such as the pattern of body position changes, the duration of brace slippage, and the frequency of strap slack, the triggering conditions, adjustment range, response speed, and locking and holding logic of the geared motor are optimized. For cases with frequent slight pressure deviations, the motor response delay is shortened and the single adjustment range is reduced to achieve gentle fine-tuning; for postures prone to brace slippage, the motor locking force and strap tension are increased; for stable states with long effective correction maintenance times, the motor holding cycle is extended to reduce frequent movements; at the same time, combined with abnormal events in the follow-up, the warning and forced correction logic for ineffective wearing are strengthened, making the motor control more precise, more stable, and more in line with individual wearing habits. For example, the specific technical details of the gentle micro-adjustment are as follows: a micro-adjustment method with a single step of 0.5 steps is adopted, the motor response delay is extended to 1 second, the locking time after adjustment is not less than 20 seconds, and the pressure change amplitude is controlled within ±2.5N to avoid discomfort and pressure impact caused by rapid and large movements; the specific criteria for judging a stable state with a long effective correction duration are: the temperature remains at the standard for 30 consecutive minutes, the pressure is within the effective correction range, the fluctuation frequency is ≤0.8 times / minute, and there are no abnormal jumps or loosening and slippage. Meeting the above conditions is judged as a long-term stable state; the warning and forced correction logic for ineffective wearing is strengthened. Specifically, if the ineffective wearing state lasts for more than 15 seconds, a first-level audible and visual warning is activated. If it lasts for more than 30 seconds, the reset correction process is automatically activated, and a high-frequency alarm message is sent to the target terminal simultaneously. If the effective state is not restored after 3 automatic resets, the adjustment function is locked and the patient is forcibly reminded to manually re-wear the device.

[0072] Based on long-term follow-up data and feedback on correction effects, the system reverse-engineers the design optimization of the brace: by statistically analyzing multi-cycle follow-up pressure heat maps, force blind spots, slip trajectories, and fit gap data, it identifies areas where the brace body has insufficient pressure, weak support, or poor fit, and optimizes the inner curved surface shape and pressure point layout of the brace; it adjusts the overall rigidity distribution, breathable structure, and edge contour of the brace according to changes in trunk size due to patient growth and development; it optimizes the position of the straps, the thickness of the support blocks, and the material flexibility ratio by combining comfort feedback; and it solidifies the optimal biomechanical parameters verified by clinical follow-up into design rules, continuously iterating the three-dimensional model and processing scheme of the brace.

[0073] For example, the time-series state monitoring model of the present invention adopts a dual-channel time-series network structure, with dedicated models designed for the main correction mechanical bearing area and the secondary support stable contact area, respectively. The main correction mechanical bearing area uses a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network as the first time-series state monitoring model, and the secondary support stable contact area uses a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) as the second time-series state monitoring model. Simultaneously, a lightweight Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is used as an alternative solution in scenarios where the target terminal's computing power is limited. The model collects and constructs time-series data with a fixed time window of 30 seconds and a sampling frequency of 1Hz. The input to the LSTM model is temperature data and the first pressure sensor in the main correction area. The TCN model takes four dimensions as input: pressure value, pressure fluctuation frequency, and pressure duration effective label. The input tensor shape is (batch_size, 30, 4). The TCN model takes two dimensions as input: pressure value of the second pressure sensor in the secondary support area and pressure stability in the support area. The input tensor shape is (batch_size, 30, 2). The lightweight RNN model takes three dimensions as input: temperature, pressure, and fluctuation frequency. The input tensor shape is (batch_size, 15, 3). The model output includes three correction states: ineffective wearing, qualified wearing, and effective wearing; a continuous effectiveness score in the range of 0–100; and indicators for insufficient pressure and excessive pressure. Three anomaly labels are defined: limit, slippage, and loosening. The LSTM model uses a two-layer LSTM stacked with a fully connected layer and a Softmax classifier, with hidden layer dimensions of 64 and 32 respectively. ReLU activation is used with Dropout set to 0.2 to prevent overfitting. The TCN model uses a two-layer dilated convolutional structure with 32 and 16 kernels respectively, and dilation rates of 2 and 4 respectively. Global pooling and fully connected layer output are used, with GELU activation. The lightweight RNN uses a single-layer SimpleRNN with a fully connected layer and a hidden layer dimension of 16, adapted for real-time inference on mobile phones, tablets, and other terminals. The model is trained based on no less than 50 examples of young... A dataset was constructed using clinical data from adolescent scoliosis patients, covering typical scenarios such as resting, sitting, walking, and light activity. The data was manually labeled by rehabilitation physicians, with a total of no fewer than 30,000 time-series samples. These samples were divided into training, validation, and test sets in a 7:2:1 ratio. The Adam optimizer was used with a learning rate of 1e-3, a batch size of 32, and 50 training epochs. An early stopping strategy was employed, where the validation set accuracy was stopped if it did not improve for 10 consecutive epochs. A total loss function was used, combining 0.7x cross-entropy classification loss with 0.3x MSE regression loss. After training, the state classification accuracy was no less than 92%, and the mean absolute error (MAE) of the validity score was no higher than 3.5. The anomaly detection recall rate is no less than 90%. In actual use, the brace monitoring terminal collects data such as temperature, pressure, and pressure fluctuation frequency at a set frequency and caches the corresponding time window data. This data is then sent to the target terminal via Bluetooth. The target terminal loads the trained time-series model, completes forward inference, and outputs the correction status, effectiveness score, and anomaly type. The results are then sent back to the brace monitoring terminal.

[0074] In some embodiments, the system further includes a cloud platform 32 and at least one query terminal 33; the cloud platform is connected to the target terminal; and the query terminal is connected to the cloud platform.

[0075] In this embodiment of the invention, the cloud platform 32 establishes a wireless communication connection with the target terminal 31, and the query terminal 33 establishes a network connection with the cloud platform 32. The target terminal 31 uploads all data obtained from the monitoring terminal, including temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data, correction status, drive commands, wearing time, abnormal records, and individualized follow-up information of the patient, to the cloud platform 32 in real time for encrypted storage, data fusion, time-series analysis, and long-term archiving. The cloud platform 32 has data management, permission verification, historical data tracing, trend statistics, and remote interaction functions, and can perform unified management and intelligent analysis of monitoring data from multiple patients, multiple braces, and multiple cycles. The query terminal 33 can be a doctor's computer, tablet, mobile phone or clinical workstation. Authorized users can log in to the cloud platform 32 through the query terminal 33 to remotely query the patient's current wearing status, temperature and pressure curve, correction status score, effective wearing time, historical follow-up data and correction effect change trend in real time. It supports remotely viewing reports, issuing adjustment suggestions, editing correction parameters, generating follow-up plans and sending them to the target terminal 31, and then sending optimization instructions back to the brace monitoring terminal 14 through the target terminal 31.

[0076] In some embodiments, an electromyography (EMG) sensor is further added to the inner side of the brace body. The EMG sensor is electrically connected to the monitoring terminal and is used to collect EMG signals from the paraspinal muscles on both sides of the patient's spine in real time to reflect muscle contraction intensity, symmetry, fatigue state, and compensatory movements. After the system is started, the temperature sensor first collects the contact temperature between the brace and the body surface, the pressure sensor collects the orthopedic pressure and pressure fluctuation signals, and the EMG sensor simultaneously collects the EMG amplitude, time domain characteristics, and symmetry characteristics of the muscles on both sides of the spine. All three types of signals are uploaded to the monitoring terminal simultaneously. The monitoring terminal first judges the temperature signal. When the temperature reaches the preset close-fitting threshold, it initiates the fusion analysis of the pressure signal and the EMG signal. The monitoring terminal judges whether the orthopedic force is up to standard and stable based on the pressure data, and at the same time judges whether the patient's muscles are in an abnormal tension, unilateral excessive contraction, fatigue, or compensatory state based on the EMG signal, and performs joint verification of the EMG characteristics and pressure characteristics. When electromyography (EMG) signals indicate asymmetrical muscle contraction or over-fatigue, and pressure data shows abnormal local force, the monitoring terminal determines the current correction state as uneven force or abnormal posture, and generates corresponding adjustment commands to send to the geared motor. The geared motor automatically adjusts the strap tension, correction position, and pressure intensity according to the commands, reducing abnormal muscle load while ensuring the orthodontic effect. Simultaneously, the monitoring terminal uploads temperature data, pressure data, EMG data, correction status, and motor operating parameters to the target terminal via Bluetooth. The target terminal synchronizes the above data to the cloud platform, allowing query terminals to remotely view muscle status, pressure distribution, correction trend, and follow-up information. Based on long-term collected EMG data, pressure data, and follow-up information, the system can also adaptively optimize the effective pressure threshold, motor adjustment strategy, and brace pressure area design to match the orthodontic force with the muscle's physiological state, further improving the correction effect, wearing comfort, and long-term treatment compliance.

[0077] Furthermore, the electromyography (EMG) sensor is electrically connected to the monitoring terminal to collect surface EMG signals from the paraspinal muscles and core stabilizing muscles on both sides of the spine in real time. This allows for the acquisition of muscle activation intensity, contraction symmetry, fatigue index, and temporal and frequency domain characteristics, which are used to assess the patient's postural correctness, muscle compensation status, degree of abnormal tension, and spinal dynamic balance. Simultaneously, the monitoring terminal receives real-time signals from three sensors: temperature, pressure, and EMG. These signals are then combined with the first and second temporal state monitoring models and adaptive thresholds driven by follow-up information to perform complex multi-dimensional, multi-level, and multi-temporal fusion judgments. The overall operation process is executed step-by-step according to the following steps.

[0078] After the system is powered on and initialized, the temperature sensor first collects the contact temperature between the brace and the human body surface and uploads it to the monitoring terminal. The monitoring terminal compares the temperature value with an adaptive temperature threshold: when the temperature is less than 28℃, it is directly determined that the brace is not worn close to the body, and the depth calculation of pressure and electromyography (EMG) signals is paused, maintaining only low-power cyclic monitoring; when the temperature is greater than or equal to 28℃, it is determined that the brace has entered a close-fitting state, and the data acquisition of the pressure sensor and EMG sensor is simultaneously started, entering a multi-level complex judgment process. The pressure sensor collects the orthopedic pressure, pressure fluctuation frequency, and pressure duration in real time across the entire area, while the EMG sensor simultaneously collects the activation amplitude, left-right symmetry ratio, median muscle frequency, and fatigue changes of the muscles on both sides of the spine. The three signals are combined into a temperature-pressure-EMG joint time-series data stream with a fixed time window, which is input into the monitoring terminal for preprocessing and feature extraction.

[0079] The monitoring terminal inputs the pressure and temperature time-series data of the main orthodontic mechanical bearing area into the first time-series state monitoring model to obtain the first orthodontic feature characterizing the effectiveness, stability, and sustainability of the core orthodontic system. It inputs the pressure time-series data of the secondary support stable fit area into the second time-series state monitoring model to obtain the second orthodontic feature characterizing the brace fit, slippage risk, and overall stability. Simultaneously, it performs symmetry calculation and fatigue analysis on bilateral muscle signals collected by electromyography (EMG) sensors to obtain muscle balance features. The monitoring terminal performs a weighted fusion judgment on these three types of features: using the first orthodontic feature as the primary judgment criterion, the second orthodontic feature as an auxiliary criterion, and the muscle balance feature as a constraint condition, forming a complex decision-making mechanism with triple constraints: "orthodontic force effectiveness + brace stability + muscle physiological rationality."

[0080] Based on this, the monitoring terminal performs multi-layered progressive state judgment: if the first correction feature determines that the pressure is within the standard and stable, the second correction feature determines that there is no loosening or slippage, and the muscle balance feature determines that both sides are symmetrical and there is no excessive fatigue, then it is judged as the optimal effective correction state, and the motor enters the long-term maintenance mode; if the first correction feature is basically within the standard but there are slight fluctuations, the second correction feature is normal, and the muscle symmetry deviates slightly from the threshold, then it is judged as a qualified wearing state, and the reduction motor is triggered to perform small-amplitude, high-frequency adaptive fine adjustment; if the first correction feature is abnormal or the second correction feature indicates slippage, and the electromyography signal indicates that one side of the muscle is overactivated or compensatoryly contracted, then it is judged as an abnormal posture / force deviation state, and the motor performs correction position return and dynamic compensation of strap tension; if the first correction feature fails, the second correction feature is abnormal, and the electromyography signal indicates that the muscle is continuously tense or relaxed and inactive, then it is judged as an invalid wearing state, the motor adjustment is immediately stopped, and a multi-level warning is sent to the target terminal.

[0081] After the assessment is completed, the monitoring terminal generates refined drive commands based on the final correction status, controlling the geared motor to perform actions such as adjusting the strap tension, correcting the pressure position, and adaptively matching the tightness. It then uploads temperature data, pressure data, electromyography (EMG) data, triple characteristic values, correction status, motor operating parameters, and abnormal events to the target terminal via Bluetooth. The target terminal synchronizes all data to a cloud platform for encrypted storage. Doctors can retrieve historical time-series data, muscle balance curves, pressure distribution heatmaps, and correction trends through the query terminal. Combined with regular follow-up information, they can remotely adjust the effective pressure threshold, fluctuation threshold, and EMG safety threshold, achieving adaptive iteration of thresholds. Furthermore, based on long-term multi-source data feedback, the system reverse-optimizes the brace pressure zone position, support structure distribution, surface morphology, and motor control strategy.

[0082] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the homepage of the personalized intelligent spinal orthotic brace APP provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring interface of the APP for the personalized intelligent spinal orthotic brace provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the message interface of the APP for the personalized intelligent spinal orthotic brace provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the personal interface of the personalized intelligent spinal orthotic brace app provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 4-7 As shown, the personalized intelligent spinal orthotic brace app includes four main functional modules: Home, Monitoring, Messages, and Personal Center. The Home page enables Bluetooth connection to the device, server connection, brace identification, real-time pressure value display, and quick historical data query. It also provides control options such as forward rotation, stop, and reverse rotation, as well as reminder settings. The Monitoring interface displays real-time data from each pressure sensor, historical pressure curves, real-time data tables, and scoliosis information. It provides alerts for abnormal pressure conditions, guiding users to adjust sensor contact positions and brace wearing status promptly. The Messages interface displays system diagnostic reminders, remote doctor consultation notifications, health information pushes, rehabilitation reminders, and case report information, facilitating information exchange and rehabilitation guidance between patients and doctors. The Personal Center interface displays basic user information, Bluetooth connection status, data collection status, scoliosis data, phased rehabilitation records, health records, historical record queries, and system settings, supporting patients in managing their personal treatment information and rehabilitation progress. These app interfaces, working in conjunction with the brace system, achieve data visualization, status monitoring, message interaction, and information traceability, providing an intuitive and convenient operating interface for patient self-management, remote doctor follow-up, and rehabilitation intervention.

[0083] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphasis. Parts not detailed or described in a particular embodiment can be referred to in the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. Unless otherwise specified or in conflict with logic, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced interchangeably. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0084] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic monitoring and analysis of orthopedic force, characterized in that, The scoliosis brace includes the brace body, a geared motor, and a monitoring unit; The monitoring unit includes a monitoring terminal, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor. The method is applied to the monitoring terminal in a scoliosis brace; The method includes: Acquire temperature and pressure monitoring data; The current correction status is determined based on the temperature monitoring data and the pressure monitoring data; Based on the current correction status and the pressure monitoring data, a drive command is determined to instruct the geared motor to adjust the correction parameters of the support body.

2. The method for dynamic monitoring and analysis of orthopedic force according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the temperature monitoring data and the pressure monitoring data, the current correction status is determined, including: The current correction status is determined based on temperature monitoring data, preset temperature threshold, pressure monitoring data, and preset pressure fluctuation threshold.

3. The method for dynamic monitoring and analysis of orthopedic force according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the current correction status and the pressure monitoring data, the drive command is determined, including: If the current correction status is effective wearing, then based on the pressure monitoring data, the drive command is determined to be a maintenance command, so as to control the correction parameters of the brace body to remain unchanged; If the current correction status is qualified wearing, then based on the pressure monitoring data, the drive command is determined to be an adjustment command to adjust the correction parameters of the brace body and send a prompt message to the target terminal; If the current correction status is invalid, a warning signal is sent to the target terminal.

4. A scoliosis brace, characterized in that, include: The support body, the geared motor, and the monitoring unit; The monitoring unit includes a monitoring terminal, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor; both the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are located inside the main body of the support. The reduction motor is mounted on the support body and is used to adjust the correction parameters of the support body according to the drive command of the monitoring terminal; The monitoring terminal is used to perform the orthopedic force dynamic monitoring and analysis method as described in any one of claims 1-3 above.

5. The scoliosis brace according to claim 4, characterized in that, The monitoring unit is also equipped with a Bluetooth module; The monitoring terminal is used to send the temperature monitoring data, the pressure monitoring data, and the drive command to the target terminal; Alternatively, the monitoring terminal may be used to receive correction information sent by the target terminal in order to adjust the drive command.

6. The scoliosis brace according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner side of the main body of the brace is divided into a primary corrective mechanical bearing area and a secondary support stable fit area; the pressure sensor includes a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor. The main corrective mechanical bearing area is equipped with a temperature sensor and at least one first pressure sensor; At least one second pressure sensor is provided in the secondary support stable fitting area.

7. A bracing system, characterized in that, Includes the target terminal and the scoliosis brace as described in any one of claims 4-6 above; The monitoring terminal is used to send temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data, and drive commands to the target terminal before executing the drive command; The target terminal is used to acquire temperature monitoring data, pressure monitoring data, and drive commands sent by the monitoring terminal; and to determine a first correction state based on the temperature monitoring data and the pressure monitoring data. Based on the first correction state, the correction information is determined and sent to the monitoring terminal of the scoliosis brace; The monitoring terminal is used to adjust the driving command to the target command corresponding to the correction information sent by the target terminal, so as to adjust the correction parameters of the main body of the scoliosis brace.

8. The bracing system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The target terminal is used for: Based on the temperature monitoring data, the pressure monitoring data, and the time-series state monitoring model, the first correction state is determined.

9. The bracing system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The target terminal is used for: Based on the temperature monitoring data, the pressure monitoring data of the main correction mechanical bearing area, and the first time-series state monitoring model, the first correction feature is determined; The second correction feature is determined based on the pressure monitoring data of the secondary support stable contact area and the second time-series state monitoring model. A first correction state is determined based on the first correction feature and the second correction feature.

10. The brace system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system also includes a cloud platform and at least one query terminal; the cloud platform is connected to the target terminal; and the query terminal is connected to the cloud platform.

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