Fly ash-based sand-fixing system, sand-fixing method and application

Abstract

The application discloses a fly ash-based sand-fixing system, a sand-fixing method and application. The sand-fixing system comprises fly ash-based sand-fixing particles, a fly ash-based sand-fixing plate device and a fly ash-based sand-fixing agent; the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles are laid on a sand surface layer and used for slowing down wind speed and intercepting floating sand; the fly ash-based sand-fixing plate device comprises a plate body and a fixing member, the plate body is perpendicular to a main wind direction, and the fixing member is used for achieving detachable splicing of adjacent plate bodies, so as to form a three-dimensional grid protection structure and block wind sand migration; and the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent is applied to the sand surface layer to form a consolidated layer and consolidate the surface sand body. The fly ash-based sand-fixing particles, the fly ash-based sand-fixing plate device and the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent are cooperated to form an initial stable layer, a physical barrier and a consolidated layer, and the sand-fixing system has the advantages of high strength, environmental protection, long-term effect and economy and is suitable for rapid treatment of desertification land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic desertification control technology, specifically involving a fly ash-based sand fixation system, sand fixation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, while the large-scale construction of photovoltaic power generation projects in desert areas can reduce surface evaporation and suppress wind and sand movement by shading sunlight with photovoltaic panels, it still faces multiple technical bottlenecks:

[0003] (1) Wind and sand erosion leads to insufficient stability of photovoltaic facilities: Photovoltaic support piles (such as concrete piles or steel piles) are easily affected by strong winds in desert environments, which can cause local sand layer migration. After the sand particles around the pile foundation are eroded, the pile body is exposed, the bearing capacity decreases, and even the support tilts or collapses. In addition, the dust deposition covers the surface of the photovoltaic panel, causing the power generation efficiency to decrease. Generally, when the dust accumulation thickness is 1mm, the power generation loss exceeds 20%.

[0004] (2) Poor synergy between traditional sand fixation measures and photovoltaic systems: Existing photovoltaic sand control projects mostly adopt independent sand fixation methods such as straw checkerboard and crushed stone covering. These materials have short lifespans (the degradation cycle of straw checkerboard is less than 2 years), poor permeability, and lack integrated design with the photovoltaic array layout. For example, the sand fixation layer in the photovoltaic panel spacing area has a low vegetation survival rate due to uneven shading, while the cost of manual sand fixation with pile foundation is as high as 15-30 yuan / square meter, making it difficult to promote on a large scale.

[0005] (3) Limited ways to utilize fly ash solid waste: 70% of the fly ash stockpiles in coal-fired power plants are concentrated in arid areas, and its loose nature makes it easy to aggravate dust pollution when used directly in sandy areas. Existing fly ash building materials (such as sintered bricks) cannot meet the water permeability and moisture retention requirements of sandy areas due to their high density and closed structure, while chemical curing agent modification schemes have problems such as high cost (>500 yuan / ton) and poor environmental compatibility.

[0006] (4) Ecological restoration and power generation benefits are difficult to coordinate: Although the shading of photovoltaic panels improves the local microclimate, the traditional sand-fixing layer cannot effectively utilize the microenvironment under the panel for vegetation restoration. Furthermore, the design of the photovoltaic array spacing does not take into account the growth space of sand-fixing plants, resulting in a long ecological restoration cycle and low overall system benefits. The vegetation coverage rate of the existing project is <30%.

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated photovoltaic sand fixation technology that combines solid waste resource utilization, structural stability, and ecological synergy, so as to achieve low-cost and efficient governance of desertified land while ensuring the long-term stable operation of photovoltaic facilities. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The main objective of this invention is to provide a fly ash-based sand fixation system, sand fixation method, and application to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0009] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention includes:

[0010] The first aspect of the present invention provides a fly ash-based sand fixation system, which includes fly ash-based sand fixation particles, fly ash-based sand fixation board devices, and fly ash-based sand fixation agents respectively disposed in a first area, a second area, and a third area in an area affected by wind and sand. The first area, the second area, and the third area are arranged sequentially along the prevailing wind direction.

[0011] The fly ash-based sand-fixing particles are laid on the surface of the sand in the first area to reduce wind speed and intercept floating sand.

[0012] The fly ash-based sand-fixing board device includes a board body and a fixing component for fixing the board body. The board body is perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. The fixing component is used to realize the detachable splicing and expansion of adjacent boards, thereby forming a three-dimensional grid protection structure. The three-dimensional grid protection structure is laid on the sand surface of the second area to block the migration of wind and sand.

[0013] The fly ash-based sand-fixing agent is applied to the surface layer of the sand in the third region to form a consolidation layer and solidify the surface sand.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a sand fixation method, comprising:

[0015] Provide the aforementioned fly ash-based sand fixation system;

[0016] In the first, second, and third areas of the wind-blown sand-affected region, fly ash sand-fixing particles, fly ash-based sand-fixing board devices, and fly ash-based sand-fixing agents are respectively laid on the surface of the sand layer. The first, second, and third areas are set up sequentially along the prevailing wind direction.

[0017] The fly ash-based sand-fixing particles are used to reduce wind speed and intercept floating sand. The fly ash-based sand-fixing board device forms a three-dimensional grid protection system. The fly ash-based sand-fixing agent consolidates the surface sand, thereby achieving sand fixation.

[0018] A third aspect of the present invention provides a fly ash-based sand fixation system for photovoltaic power generation areas, comprising:

[0019] Fly ash-based sand-fixing particles are laid on the sand surface directly below the photovoltaic panel to form a flexible anti-corrosion pad bottom layer.

[0020] A fly ash-based sand-stabilizing board device is installed on the sand surface in the gap area between rows of photovoltaic facilities. It includes a board body and a fixing component. The fixing component is used to realize the detachable splicing and expansion of adjacent boards. The board body is perpendicular to the main wind direction. Adjacent boards are connected by the fixing component to form a three-dimensional grid protection structure.

[0021] A fly ash-based sand-stabilizing agent is applied to the sand surface below and around the photovoltaic panel to form a consolidation layer.

[0022] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a sand fixation method for a photovoltaic power generation area, comprising: providing the aforementioned fly ash-based sand fixation system;

[0023] Fly ash sand-fixing particles are laid on the sand surface directly below the photovoltaic panels;

[0024] Fly ash-based sand-fixing board devices are installed in the gaps between rows of photovoltaic facilities to form a three-dimensional grid protection system;

[0025] A fly ash-based sand-fixing agent is applied to the sand surface under the photovoltaic panel to form a consolidation layer.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The fly ash-based sand fixation system provided by the present invention uses fly ash-based sand fixation particles, fly ash-based sand fixation board devices, and fly ash-based sand fixation agents to work together in a coordinated manner. The sand fixation particles are laid / installed / applied in sequence along the main wind direction, following the arrangement of "sand fixation particles in front, sand fixation board devices in the middle, and sand fixation agents in the back". The sand fixation particles are laid at the front end to initially slow down the wind speed and intercept floating sand; the sand fixation board devices are installed in the middle to form a continuous three-dimensional grid protective wall, which further blocks the migration of wind and sand; the sand fixation agent is applied to the sand surface at the rear end to solidify the surface sand body, forming a complete synergistic sand fixation system and improving the stability and durability of sand fixation in desert areas.

[0028] (2) The fly ash-based sand fixation system provided by the present invention works in concert with fly ash-based sand fixation particles, fly ash-based sand fixation board device and fly ash-based sand fixation agent. The positional relationship within the photovoltaic area is clear and appropriate: along the main wind direction, the flexible anti-corrosion pad bottom layer (fly ash-based sand fixation particles) directly under the photovoltaic panel is located at the front end, which is used to initially slow down the wind speed and intercept the surface floating sand; the three-dimensional grid protection structure (fly ash-based sand fixation board device) between the rows of photovoltaic facilities is located in the middle, which is used to further block the migration of wind and sand and fix the sand body to form a three-dimensional protective barrier; the consolidation layer (fly ash-based sand fixation agent) on the sand surface under the photovoltaic panel is located at the rear end, which is used to consolidate the surface sand body and prevent fine sand from being eroded and rolled up by wind. The three form a coordinated protection system of "front-end buffer, middle interception and rear-end consolidation" to improve the sand fixation effect and stability.

[0029] (3) This invention realizes the resource utilization of solid waste. The utilization rate of fly ash reaches 30% to -60%, and the desert sand is sourced locally. The matching fasteners are made of the same material as the plate, thus constructing a "waste-based desertification control" circular system.

[0030] (4) The present invention adopts modular splicing technology and realizes rapid paving of sand-fixing boards and grid expansion through tenon and mortise fasteners, adapting to different terrain conditions and improving construction efficiency by more than 40%.

[0031] (5) This invention has eco-friendly characteristics. Through biodegradable binders, plant-friendly biochar and water-retaining design, the survival rate of vegetation is guaranteed to be ≥80%, secondary pollution is avoided, and long-term governance of "sand fixation-water conservation-greening" is achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a top-down view of the fly ash-based sand fixation system of the present invention used in a desert.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fly ash-based sand-fixing board device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a side view of the porous fly ash-based sand-stabilizing board of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a side view of the non-porous fly ash-based sand-stabilizing board of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped fly ash-based connecting clip of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the T-shaped fly ash-based connecting clip of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the L-shaped fly ash-based connecting clip of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the application of the sand-fixing agent of the present invention to the area where sand easily accumulates at the edge of a photovoltaic panel;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a side view of the application of the coal ash-based sand-fixing particles, sand-fixing board, and sand-fixing agent of the present invention in a photovoltaic base.

[0043] Reference numerals: 100-Fly ash-based sand-fixing board; 200-Fly ash-based sand-fixing device; 201-Cross-type buckle; 202-T-type buckle; 203-L-type buckle; 300-Fly ash-based sand-fixing granules; 400-Fly ash sand-fixing agent; 1000-Photovoltaic panel. Detailed Implementation

[0044] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the inventors of this invention, through extensive and in-depth research, provide a fly ash-based sand fixation system, sand fixation method, and application. The invention will be further explained below.

[0045] The first aspect of the present invention provides a fly ash-based sand fixation system, which includes fly ash-based sand fixation particles, fly ash-based sand fixation board devices, and fly ash-based sand fixation agents respectively disposed in a first area, a second area, and a third area in an area affected by wind and sand. The first area, the second area, and the third area are arranged sequentially along the prevailing wind direction.

[0046] The fly ash-based sand-fixing particles are laid on the surface of the sand in the first area to reduce wind speed and intercept floating sand.

[0047] The fly ash-based sand-fixing board device includes a board body and a fixing component for fixing the board body. The board body is perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. The fixing component is used to realize the detachable splicing and expansion of adjacent boards, thereby forming a three-dimensional grid protection structure. The three-dimensional grid protection structure is laid on the sand surface of the second area to block the migration of wind and sand.

[0048] The fly ash-based sand-fixing agent is applied to the surface layer of the sand in the third region to form a consolidation layer and solidify the surface sand.

[0049] In some implementations, the first region, the second region, and the third region are strip-shaped and parallel to each other, with a spacing of 1 to 2 meters between adjacent regions, and the widths of the first region, the second region, and the third region are 30 to 50 meters, 60 to 120 meters, and 20 to 40 meters, respectively.

[0050] In some implementations, this invention mixes fly ash, fine sand, and water in different proportions to form fly ash concrete material, and uses a granulator to form fly ash-based sand-fixing granular spheres. As a measure to prevent wind erosion and sandstorms, it offers rapid spreading, suitable for large-area coverage; adaptable to different sandy terrains, allowing adjustment of particle size and shape; low maintenance costs; and combines sand fixation, water permeability, and plant growth promotion functions. Furthermore, spreading gravel for sand fixation is highly effective. It can also be laid under photovoltaic panels to reduce wind speed and intercept floating sand.

[0051] The fly ash-based sand-fixing particles comprise 30-50 wt% fly ash, 20-40 wt% desert sand, 0.5-5 wt% biodegradable binder, and 1-3 wt% water-retaining agent.

[0052] Furthermore, the biodegradable adhesive includes either polyacrylamide or polyaspartic acid hydrogel.

[0053] Furthermore, the water-retaining agent includes, but is not limited to, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0054] Furthermore, the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent also includes 0.1~0.5 wt% lignin sulfonate.

[0055] Furthermore, the lignin sulfonate includes, but is not limited to, at least one of sodium lignin sulfonate, potassium lignin sulfonate, calcium lignin sulfonate, magnesium lignin sulfonate, etc.

[0056] In some embodiments, the particle size of the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles is 1 to 5 cm.

[0057] In some embodiments, the plate and / or fastener are integrally formed from fly ash-based composite material by a molding process, and the plate and fastener are made of the same material.

[0058] Furthermore, the raw materials of the plate include 40%~60wt% fly ash, 10wt%~30wt% high-pressure foamed straw fiber, 5wt%~10wt% cow dung-straw biochar and 0.5wt%~5wt% activation agent.

[0059] Furthermore, the fly ash meets the Class I ash standard in GB / T1596-2005, with a fineness of ≤12% and a loss on ignition of ≤5%.

[0060] Furthermore, the water glass modulus of the active activator is 1.2 to 1.5.

[0061] In some implementations, the height of the three-dimensional mesh protective structure is 20-30cm.

[0062] Preferably, the length and width of the plate are both 1.0~1.5m, the thickness is 2~5cm, and the height is 20~30cm.

[0063] Furthermore, the structure of the plate includes a dense structure or a triangular porous structure.

[0064] For example, the following sand-stabilizing boards are divided into 1.5 meters (with holes) and 1 meter (without holes), both with a thickness of 3 cm.

[0065] The first design consists of a 1.5×1.5 square grid, 30cm high, 3-5cm thick (depending on the compressive and flexural strength), and 1.5m long, without holes.

[0066] The second design: 1.5×1.5 squares, 30cm high, 3-5cm thick (depending on the compressive and flexural strength), 1.5m long, with holes (hole diameter 2m, spacing 10cm (horizontal) × 5cm (vertical), arranged in a triangular pattern.

[0067] The third design: 1.0×1.0 squares, 20cm high, 2-4cm thick (depending on the compressive and flexural strength), 1.0m long, without holes.

[0068] The fourth design: 1.0×1.0 squares, 20cm high, 2-4cm thick (depending on the compressive and flexural strength), 1.0m long, 1.5m long with holes (hole diameter 2cm, 10cm (horizontal) × 5cm (vertical), arranged in a triangular pattern.

[0069] The fly ash-based sand-stabilizing board device provided by this invention has the advantages of high radiation resistance, drought resistance, large diurnal temperature range resistance, salt and alkali resistance, and waterproofing. It also has good compressive strength, low environmental pollution, and a service life of ≥5 years.

[0070] In some embodiments, the fasteners include cross-shaped, T-shaped, or L-shaped fly ash-based connecting clips.

[0071] Furthermore, the cross-shaped fly ash-based connecting fastener includes a fastener body and a cross-shaped tool groove formed on the upper surface of the fastener body.

[0072] Furthermore, the cross-shaped tool groove includes a transverse groove and a longitudinal groove that are perpendicular to each other. The width of the transverse groove and the longitudinal groove are both 2-4 cm, the depth is 3-5 cm, and the length is 12-14 cm. The vertical distance between the bottom of the groove and the bottom surface of the buckle body is 1-2 cm.

[0073] Furthermore, the T-type fly ash-based connecting fastener includes a fastener body and a T-shaped tool groove formed on the upper surface of the fastener body.

[0074] Furthermore, the T-shaped tool groove includes a transverse groove and a longitudinal groove that are perpendicular to each other. One end of the longitudinal groove is perpendicularly connected to the middle of the transverse groove, and the other end extends to the edge of the buckle body to form an opening.

[0075] Furthermore, the width of the transverse and longitudinal grooves of the T-shaped tool groove is 2-4cm, the groove depth is 3-5cm, the length of the transverse groove is 12-14cm, the length of the longitudinal groove is 5-7cm, and the vertical distance between the bottom of the groove and the bottom surface of the buckle body is 1-2cm.

[0076] Furthermore, the L-shaped fly ash-based connecting fastener includes a fastener body and an L-shaped tool groove formed on the upper surface of the fastener body.

[0077] Furthermore, the L-shaped tool groove includes a transverse groove and a longitudinal groove that are perpendicular to each other. One end of the transverse groove is perpendicularly connected to one end of the longitudinal groove to form a 90° angle. The other end of the transverse groove and the other end of the longitudinal groove extend to the edge of the buckle body to form an open end.

[0078] Furthermore, the width of the horizontal and vertical grooves of the L-shaped tool groove is 2-4cm, the groove depth is 3-5cm, the length of the horizontal groove is 5-7cm, the length of the vertical groove is 5-7cm, and the vertical distance between the bottom of the groove and the bottom surface of the buckle body is 1-2cm.

[0079] In some implementations, the bottom of the plate is provided with anchors.

[0080] In some embodiments, the fastener has a cantilever snap-fit ​​structure with a flexural stroke ≥2mm and a snap-fit ​​angle of 90°~110°.

[0081] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the fastener has a tool groove for enabling quick disassembly.

[0082] In some implementation schemes, adjacent panels are spliced ​​together using T-shaped fly ash-based connecting clips or cross-shaped fly ash-based connecting clips.

[0083] Furthermore, the width of the four-way bearing surface of the cross-shaped fly ash-based connecting fastener is ≥20mm.

[0084] Furthermore, the corners of both the T-type fly ash-based connecting clip and the L-type fly ash-based connecting clip are provided with reinforcing ribs, the thickness of which is 50% to 60% of the plate thickness.

[0085] In some implementations, the fastener is installed at the bottom end of the plate to secure the plate.

[0086] In some implementations, drought-resistant shrubs are planted in the grid of the three-dimensional mesh protective structure.

[0087] Furthermore, the drought-resistant shrubs include at least one of the following: Calligonum mongolicum, Tamarix chinensis, and Trichoderma tetrapanax.

[0088] Furthermore, the grid has planting troughs, the width of which is 10-20cm and the depth of which is 10-20cm.

[0089] The preparation process of the fly ash-based sand-fixing board device in this invention includes:

[0090] (1) Compression molding: After mixing the raw materials, inject them into the mold and press them into a rectangular plate (thickness 2-5cm, size 100-150cm×100-150cm) under a pressure of 5-10MPa.

[0091] (2) Freeze-drying: Drying at -40℃ to -50℃ for 24 hours to form a permeable structure with a porosity of 40%~50% and a flexural strength ≥3MPa, which has both mechanical support and moisture retention functions.

[0092] The cross-shaped, T-shaped, and L-shaped fly ash-based fasteners of the fasteners are precisely matched with the tenon and mortise structures at the ends of the panels, enabling rapid splicing and grid expansion of adjacent panels.

[0093] In some embodiments, the raw materials of the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent, by weight percentage, include 15-30 wt% fly ash from gallium extraction residue by acid leaching, 0.5-5 wt% nano-silica, 0.5-3 wt% cellulose ether, 0.01-0.5 wt% acrylic acid, and the balance being water.

[0094] In this invention, the acid leaching gallium extraction residue fly ash achieves high-value utilization of solid waste, nano-silica enhances the bonding strength, cellulose ether adjusts the solution viscosity, and acrylic acid is the main chain polymer monomer.

[0095] The first preparation method of fly ash-based sand-fixing agent is as follows:

[0096] (1) Pretreatment of fly ash: After activation with 10% sulfuric acid, fly ash is washed until neutral, dried and crushed to 200 mesh;

[0097] (2) Graft polymerization: Activated fly ash, acrylic acid monomer, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:1, and 0.5% ammonium persulfate initiator is added. The mixture is reacted for 3 hours under nitrogen protection at 60°C.

[0098] (3) Cross-linking enhancement: Add 0.6 parts of glycerol cross-linking agent and form an interpenetrating network structure gel after 20s of UV irradiation;

[0099] (4) Spray drying: The gel is centrifuged and atomized at an inlet temperature of 180°C and an outlet temperature of 80°C to obtain a powdered sand-fixing agent (particle size ≤ 0.1 mm).

[0100] The second preparation method for fly ash-based sand-fixing agent is as follows:

[0101] (1) In-situ polymerization: Nano silica, cellulose ether, acrylic acid and water are mixed and stirred at 70~80℃ for 2~3 hours to form a cemented solution with a network structure;

[0102] (2) Durability modification: Add 0.1%~0.5% lignin sulfonate to improve the UV aging resistance of the cementing layer. After spraying, a 1~3mm thick continuous consolidation layer is formed with a compressive strength ≥0.5MPa, which can suppress wind and sand movement for a long time.

[0103] In some embodiments, the compressive strength of the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles is ≥1.5MPa (GB / T50123–2019).

[0104] In some embodiments, the moisture content of the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles is ≥15%.

[0105] In some embodiments, the splice width in the fly ash-based sand-stabilizing board device is ≤1mm, and the wind erosion rate is ≤0.1g / (m²·h) (GB / T33707–2017).

[0106] In some embodiments, both the plate and the fastener have a permeable structure, a porosity of 40% to 50%, and a flexural strength of ≥3 MPa.

[0107] In some embodiments, the permeability coefficient of the consolidation layer is 10⁻ 5 ~10⁻ 6 cm / s (JTJ051–93).

[0108] Furthermore, the binder used in the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles of this invention is biodegradable, with a natural degradation rate of ≥90%, and the leaching concentration of the binder in the sand-fixing particles is lower than the limit in GB5085.3–2007; in terms of carbon sequestration and emission reduction, each ton of fly ash utilization reduces CO2 emissions by 0.8 tons.

[0109] In this invention, the sand-fixing particles are arranged in front, the sand-fixing board device is in the middle, and the sand-fixing agent is behind. They are laid / installed / applied sequentially along the prevailing wind direction. Through the synergistic effect of the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles, fly ash-based sand-fixing board device, and fly ash-based sand-fixing agent, an initial stable layer, a physical barrier, and a cemented consolidation layer can be formed, constructing a three-layer protective structure of "particle skeleton - board barrier - cemented surface layer". Moreover, this invention allows drought-resistant plants to be planted simultaneously in the sand-fixing particle layer and the grid area. By utilizing the high water absorption of the sand-fixing agent (water absorption rate ≥1000 times) and the porous structure of the sand-fixing board, a stable growth environment is provided for the plants, realizing the integration of engineering sand fixation and ecological restoration.

[0110] A second aspect of the present invention provides a sand fixation method, comprising:

[0111] Provide the aforementioned fly ash-based sand fixation system;

[0112] In the first, second, and third areas of the wind-blown sand-affected region, fly ash sand-fixing particles, fly ash-based sand-fixing board devices, and fly ash-based sand-fixing agents are respectively laid on the surface of the sand layer. The first, second, and third areas are set up sequentially along the prevailing wind direction.

[0113] The fly ash-based sand-fixing particles are used to reduce wind speed and intercept floating sand. The fly ash-based sand-fixing board device forms a three-dimensional grid protection system. The fly ash-based sand-fixing agent consolidates the surface sand, thereby achieving sand fixation.

[0114] In some implementations, the sand-fixing method specifically includes: laying a 3-10 cm thick layer of fly ash sand-fixing particles on the surface area of ​​the sand layer along the prevailing wind direction.

[0115] In some implementation schemes, the sand stabilization method specifically includes: first leveling the sand base, then using the splicing plates of the fixing components to form a continuous protective wall, thus forming the three-dimensional grid protection system.

[0116] Furthermore, the width of the three-dimensional mesh protection system is 60~120m, and the height is 20~30cm.

[0117] Furthermore, the squares formed between the plates are filled with fly ash sand-fixing particles.

[0118] Furthermore, the interparticle gap ratio of the fly ash sand-fixing particles filling the grid is ≥30%.

[0119] In some implementations, the sand fixation method specifically includes: spraying a fly ash-based sand-fixing agent aqueous solution onto the surface of the sand layer at the rear end, spraying 1 to 2 times, with an interval of 5 to 15 minutes between each spray, to form a 1 to 3 mm thick consolidation layer.

[0120] Furthermore, the concentration of the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent in the aqueous solution is 1-3%.

[0121] Furthermore, the dosage of the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent aqueous solution is 2~4 L / m².

[0122] In some more specific implementation plans, the method of synergistic sand fixation by the three elements includes the following steps:

[0123] (1) Bottom layer stabilization: Spread a 3-10cm thick layer of fly ash sand-fixing particles on the surface of the front-end flowing sand dunes to form an initial wind erosion resistant base by utilizing the cementing effect between particles, thereby reducing the initiation of sand particles.

[0124] (2) Three-dimensional grid construction: After leveling the sand base in the middle, the sand-fixing board is vertically inserted into the sand layer (15-20cm deep) using cross-shaped / T-shaped / L-shaped fasteners. It is laid in a grid-like protective system with a spacing of 100cm×100cm or 150cm×150cm. The grid is filled with sand-fixing particles to enhance the three-dimensional wind resistance.

[0125] (3) Surface cementation reinforcement: Dilute the sand-fixing agent solution to a concentration of 1%~3%, spray it evenly through a spraying device, form a continuous solidification layer on the sand surface at the rear end, directly cement the surface sand particles, and construct a three-layer protective structure of "particle skeleton - plate barrier - cemented surface".

[0126] (4) Ecological synergistic restoration: Drought-resistant plants are planted simultaneously in the sand-fixing particle layer and grid area. The high water absorption of the sand-fixing agent (water absorption rate ≥1000 times) and the porous structure of the sand-fixing board provide a stable growth environment for the plants, realizing the integration of engineering sand fixation and ecological restoration.

[0127] A third aspect of the present invention provides a fly ash-based sand fixation system for photovoltaic power generation areas, comprising:

[0128] Fly ash-based sand-fixing particles are laid on the sand surface directly below the photovoltaic panel to form a flexible anti-corrosion pad bottom layer.

[0129] A fly ash-based sand-stabilizing board device is installed on the sand surface in the gap area between rows of photovoltaic facilities. It includes a board body and a fixing component. The fixing component is used to realize the detachable splicing and expansion of adjacent boards. The board body is perpendicular to the main wind direction. Adjacent boards are connected by the fixing component to form a three-dimensional grid protection structure.

[0130] A fly ash-based sand-stabilizing agent is applied to the sand surface below and around the photovoltaic panel to form a consolidation layer.

[0131] In some implementations, a buffer strip is provided between the edge of the flexible anti-corrosion pad and the photovoltaic support.

[0132] Furthermore, the width of the buffer strip is 20~30cm.

[0133] In some implementations, the row-to-column spacing of the photovoltaic panels is 5 to 8 meters.

[0134] In some implementations, the photovoltaic facility includes photovoltaic panels, photovoltaic mounting brackets, and photovoltaic ground piles.

[0135] In some implementations, the thickness of the flexible anti-corrosion pad bottom layer is 1~2cm and the width is 3~4m.

[0136] In some implementations, the thickness of the consolidation layer is 1 to 3 mm.

[0137] In some implementations, the plate is connected to the steel anchors embedded between the photovoltaic ground piles by L-shaped fly ash-based connecting clips, with an anchoring depth of 10-20cm.

[0138] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a sand fixation method for a photovoltaic power generation area, comprising: providing the aforementioned fly ash-based sand fixation system;

[0139] Fly ash sand-fixing particles are laid on the sand surface directly below the photovoltaic panels;

[0140] Fly ash-based sand-fixing board devices are installed in the gaps between rows of photovoltaic facilities to form a three-dimensional grid protection system;

[0141] A fly ash-based sand-fixing agent is applied to the sand surface under the photovoltaic panel to form a consolidation layer.

[0142] In some implementation schemes, the sand fixation method specifically includes: laying a 2-5 cm thick layer of fly ash sand-fixing particles in the sand surface area directly below the photovoltaic panel along the windward direction.

[0143] In some implementation schemes, the sand fixation method specifically includes: first, leveling the sand base, then using fasteners to splice plates to form a continuous protective wall, and filling the grid formed between the plates with fly ash sand-fixing particles to form the three-dimensional grid protection system.

[0144] Furthermore, the width of the three-dimensional mesh protection system is 5-8m and the height is 20-30cm.

[0145] In some implementations, the sand-fixing method specifically includes: spraying a fly ash-based sand-fixing agent aqueous solution onto the sand surface under the photovoltaic panel, spraying 1 to 2 times, with an interval of 5 to 15 minutes between each spray, to form a 1 to 3 mm thick consolidation layer.

[0146] In some embodiments, the sand-fixing method further includes: spraying the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent aqueous solution in a direction parallel to and perpendicular to the lower edge of the photovoltaic module in the wind-erosion-prone area at the lower edge of the photovoltaic module, forming a wind-erosion-resistant reinforcement zone 50-100cm wide.

[0147] Furthermore, the mass concentration of the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent in the aqueous solution is 1~3 wt%.

[0148] Furthermore, the dosage of the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent aqueous solution is 2~4 L / m².

[0149] The following will provide a further explanation of the technical solution, its implementation process, and its principles.

[0150] For experiments not specifically described in the examples, the procedures or conditions can be performed according to the conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in this field. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available. Other unmentioned raw materials and instruments are all conventionally chosen and do not involve the core technical means of this invention.

[0151] Example 1

[0152] This embodiment provides a fly ash-based sand-fixing system, including fly ash-based sand-fixing particles 300, fly ash-based sand-fixing board devices 200, and fly ash-based sand-fixing agents 400, which are installed in a first, second, and third area in a wind-affected region. The first, second, and third areas are arranged sequentially along the prevailing wind direction. A top-down view of its application in a desert is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0153] Preparation of fly ash-based sand-fixing particles:

[0154] (a) Raw material preparation

[0155] Select fly ash that meets the Class I ash standard in GB / T1596-2005, with a fineness ≤12% and loss on ignition ≤5%; desert sand should have a particle size of 0.1-0.5mm and a mud content ≤3%. Based on mass percentage, a mixture of 40wt% fly ash, 55wt% desert sand, 3wt% polyacrylamide, and 2wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose can be selected.

[0156] (ii) Mixed granulation

[0157] Add the above raw materials to a mixing device and stir thoroughly to ensure uniform mixing of all components. Then add an appropriate amount of water and continue stirring to form a material with a certain viscosity. Feed this material into a disc granulator, and by adjusting parameters such as the rotation speed and tilt angle of the disc, fly ash-based sand-fixing particles of different sizes can be produced, including 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, and 5cm particle sizes.

[0158] (III) Curing and molding

[0159] After granulation, the fly ash-based sand-fixing granules 300 are placed in a room temperature environment for curing. During the curing process, a certain level of humidity is maintained to gradually increase the compressive strength of the granules, ultimately forming granules with a compressive strength ≥1.5MPa. Granules of different sizes can be used in combination according to the actual wind and sand conditions. For example, in areas with strong winds and sandstorms, larger-sized granules can be used to enhance the wind erosion prevention effect.

[0160] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles 300 in this embodiment.

[0161] Preparation of fly ash-based sand-fixing board device:

[0162] (I) Plate preparation

[0163] Raw material composition: By mass percentage, fly ash 40%~60wt%, high-pressure foamed straw fiber 10wt%~20wt%, cow dung-straw biochar 5wt%~10wt%, and activation activator 0.5wt%~3wt%. For example, a ratio of 60% fly ash, 25% high-pressure foamed straw fiber, 10% cow dung-straw biochar, and 5% activation activator can be selected.

[0164] Compression molding: After the above raw materials are mixed evenly, they are added to an industrial compression molding machine and molded in one piece by setting appropriate pressure and temperature. The plate can be made into a dense structure or a triangular porous structure, with anchors at the bottom to enhance the fixation effect with the sand base. Design specifications can be selected according to needs, such as 1.5×1.5 squares, 30cm high, 3-5cm thick, and 1.5m long, suitable for areas with strong winds and sandstorms and requiring strong protection; 1.0×1.0 squares, 20cm high, 2-4cm thick, and 1.0m long, suitable for areas with relatively less wind and sandstorms.

[0165] (II) Preparation of fasteners

[0166] The fasteners include cross-shaped, T-shaped, and L-shaped fly ash-based connecting clips, made from the same raw material as the plate, and integrally molded using industrial processes. Their structural design meets the following requirements:

[0167] Cantilever snap-fit ​​design: flexural stroke ≥2mm, snap-fit ​​angle 90°~110°, to balance assembly accuracy and anti-separation strength, ensuring the stability and flexibility of the connection between adjacent plates.

[0168] Redundant structure for wind load resistance: The width of the four-way bearing surface of the cross-shaped fastener is ≥20mm, and the T / L-shaped corner is reinforced with a thickness of 1.2 times that of the plate to improve the wind load resistance of the fastener.

[0169] Quick disassembly function: The inner wall of the clip has a pre-set tool slot, which can be used to disassemble with a special wrench, making it convenient for later maintenance and replacement.

[0170] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fly ash-based sand-fixing board device 200 in this embodiment; Figure 4 This is a side view of a porous fly ash-based sand-stabilizing board; Figure 5 This is a side view of a non-porous fly ash-based sand-stabilizing board; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped fly ash-based connecting clip in this embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the T-shaped fly ash-based connecting clip in this embodiment; Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the L-shaped fly ash-based connecting clip in this embodiment.

[0171] Preparation of fly ash-based sand-stabilizing agent:

[0172] (a) Preparation by polymerization with acrylic acid (Method 1)

[0173] Pre-treatment of fly ash: After activation with 10% sulfuric acid, fly ash is washed with water until neutral, then dried and pulverized to 200 mesh for later use.

[0174] Graft polymerization: Activated fly ash, acrylic acid monomer, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:1, and 0.5% ammonium persulfate initiator is added. The mixture is reacted at 60°C under nitrogen protection for 3 hours to allow the fly ash and acrylic acid to undergo graft polymerization.

[0175] Cross-linking enhancement: Adding 0.6 parts of glycerol cross-linking agent, followed by 20 seconds of UV irradiation, forms an interpenetrating network structure gel, enhancing the strength and stability of the sand-fixing agent.

[0176] Spray drying: The gel is centrifuged and atomized, with the inlet temperature controlled at 180℃ and the outlet temperature at 80℃ to obtain a powdered sand-fixing agent with a particle size ≤0.1mm.

[0177] (II) Preparation by in-situ polymerization (Method 2)

[0178] The main raw material is fly ash (15-30 wt% of the total mass of the sand-fixing agent, preferably fly ash residue after acid leaching for gallium extraction), acrylic acid accounts for 0.01-0.5 wt%, and it also includes 0.5-5 wt% nano-silica, 0.5-3 wt% cellulose ether, and 60-80 wt% water. The raw materials are mixed in proportion and subjected to in-situ polymerization under certain temperature and stirring conditions to form a sprayable cementing solution.

[0179] Implementation methods of sand fixation

[0180] (a) Granule spreading

[0181] On the windward slopes of sand dunes in areas affected by wind and sand, fly ash sand-fixing particles are laid. The thickness of the layer is controlled at 3-10 cm to form an effective wind erosion and dust prevention layer, reducing the erosion of the sand surface by wind and sand.

[0182] (II) Panel Installation

[0183] Sand base leveling: The sand base in the laying area is leveled to ensure that the ground is flat and to provide a good foundation for the installation of the panels.

[0184] Anchor installation: Anchors are installed at the designated points according to the grid. The anchors work in conjunction with the anchors at the bottom of the slab to enhance the fixation between the slab and the sand base.

[0185] Panel assembly: Panels are quickly assembled using cross-shaped, T-shaped, and L-shaped fasteners to form a continuous protective wall, with a height of 20-30cm. Gaps between panels are filled with stabilizing sand particles to improve the overall protective effect.

[0186] (iii) Spraying of sand-fixing agents

[0187] Solution preparation: Prepare an aqueous solution by mixing the powdered sand-fixing agent with water at a ratio of 1:5, or directly use the cementing solution prepared by in-situ polymerization reaction.

[0188] Spraying procedure: Apply 2-4 L / m² in two applications with a 30-minute interval to allow the sand-fixing agent to form a continuous, 1-3 mm thick layer on the sand surface, directly inhibiting the movement of sand.

[0189] Example 2

[0190] This embodiment provides a fly ash-based sand-fixing system for photovoltaic power generation areas, comprising: fly ash-based sand-fixing particles 300, which are laid on the sand surface at least directly below the photovoltaic panel 1000 to form a flexible anti-corrosion pad bottom layer; fly ash-based sand-fixing plate device 200, which is installed on the sand surface in the gap area between the rows of photovoltaic facilities, and includes a plate body and a fixing component, wherein the fixing component is used to realize the detachable splicing and expansion of adjacent plates, the plate body is perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, and adjacent plates are connected by the fixing component to form a three-dimensional grid protection structure; and fly ash-based sand-fixing agent 400, which is applied to the sand surface below the photovoltaic panel 1000 and in the area around the photovoltaic panel to form a consolidation layer.

[0191] The construction method is explained below.

[0192] Implementation methods for photovoltaic power bases:

[0193] Sand-fixing particle laying: A 2-5cm thick layer of fly ash sand-fixing particles (1-2cm in diameter) is laid on the sand surface directly below the photovoltaic panel to form a flexible anti-corrosion pad. A 30cm buffer zone is reserved between the edge of the particle layer and the photovoltaic support foundation to prevent the particles from breaking due to long-term compaction in the shaded area of ​​the support.

[0194] Sand-fixing agent spraying: Using a low-pressure atomization device (pressure ≤ 0.2 MPa), uniformly spray a sand-fixing agent solution (sand-fixing agent: water = 1:6) onto the sand surface under the photovoltaic panel to form a 1-3 mm thick solidification layer. In the wind-erosion-prone area at the lower edge of the photovoltaic module, spray the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent aqueous solution along a direction parallel to and perpendicular to the lower edge of the photovoltaic module to form a 50-100 cm wide wind-erosion-resistant reinforcement zone. (See schematic diagram below.) Figure 8 As shown.

[0195] Sand-stabilizing board installation: Along the central axis of the photovoltaic panel rows (5-8m spacing), perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, install 1.0×1.0 square sand-stabilizing boards (3cm thick) with a height of 20-30cm. The boards are connected to the steel reinforcement anchors pre-embedded between the photovoltaic ground piles using L-shaped clips (anchoring depth 15cm). Adjacent boards are spliced ​​using T-shaped clips to form a continuous protective wall, with a 10cm planting trough reserved on the inner side of the wall.

[0196] Vegetation synergy: In the planting troughs enclosed by sand-fixing boards, fill them with nutrient soil mixed with 30% sand-fixing particles, and plant drought-resistant shrubs (such as Calligonum mongolicum and Tamarix chinensis). Use the boards to block sand flow along the main wind path and create a microenvironment for plant growth.

[0197] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the application of the sand-fixing agent in the area where sand easily accumulates at the edge of the photovoltaic panel, according to this embodiment.

[0198] Figure 10 This is a side view of the application of coal ash-based sand-fixing particles, sand-fixing boards, and sand-fixing agents in a photovoltaic base, as described in this embodiment.

[0199] Example 3

[0200] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that:

[0201] Preparation of fly ash-based sand-fixing particles

[0202] Mixing ratio: 35wt% fly ash, 62wt% desert sand, 0.5wt% biodegradable binder (polyacrylamide), and 2.5wt% water-retaining agent (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). During mixing and granulation, control the particle size to primarily 2cm, with a small amount of 3cm particles. After curing, the compressive strength should be ≥1.5MPa. The laying thickness is 3cm.

[0203] Preparation of fly ash-based sand-fixing board device

[0204] Panel material ratio: The specifications are 1.0×1.0m square, 20cm high, 2cm thick, and 1.0m long, with anchors at the bottom.

[0205] The fasteners adopt a cantilever snap-on design with a snap-on angle of 90° and a deflection stroke of 2mm. The cross-shaped snap-on fasteners have a four-way bearing surface width of 20mm, and the reinforcing ribs at the T-shaped / L-shaped corners are 50% of the plate thickness. Tool slot dimensions: cross-shaped tool slot: 2cm width, 3cm depth, 12cm length; T-shaped tool slot: 12cm horizontal length, 5cm vertical length; L-shaped tool slot: 5cm horizontal length, 5cm vertical length. Anchoring depth during installation is 10cm.

[0206] Preparation of fly ash-based sand-stabilizing agents

[0207] Method 2 (in-situ polymerization) from Example 1 was used. The raw material ratio was: 15wt% gallium leaching residue fly ash, 0.5wt% nano-silica, 0.5wt% cellulose ether, 0.01wt% acrylic acid, 0.1wt% calcium lignosulfonate, and 83.89wt% water. A 1wt% aqueous solution was prepared for use, with a dosage of 2L / m², applied in two coats with a 15-minute interval, forming a solidified layer approximately 1mm thick with a permeability coefficient of approximately 1×10⁻⁻⁻⁶. 5 cm / s.

[0208] Implementation methods for photovoltaic bases

[0209] A 2cm thick layer of sand-fixing particles is laid on the sand surface directly beneath the photovoltaic panels, with a 20cm buffer zone reserved between the edges and the photovoltaic support. Along the central axis of the gaps between the photovoltaic panels (1.5m spacing), sand-fixing boards with a height of 20cm are installed perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. The boards are connected to the steel anchors pre-embedded between the photovoltaic ground piles using L-shaped clips (anchoring depth 10cm). Adjacent boards are spliced ​​using T-shaped clips. The squares between the boards are filled with sand-fixing particles, and planting troughs are 20cm wide and 10cm deep, planted with *Hovenia dulcis* (a type of jujube). A sand-fixing agent solution is sprayed onto the sand surface under the photovoltaic panels to form a 1mm thick consolidation layer, and a 5cm wide wind erosion-resistant reinforcement zone is sprayed at a 30° angle along the edges of the modules. This embodiment is suitable for areas with relatively low wind and sand damage.

[0210] Example 4

[0211] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that:

[0212] Preparation of fly ash-based sand-fixing particles

[0213] Mixture ratio: 50wt% fly ash, 40wt% desert sand, 5wt% biodegradable binder (polyaspartic acid hydrogel), and 5wt% water-retaining agent (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). The particle size is primarily 5cm, with a small amount of 4cm particles. The compressive strength after curing is ≥1.5MPa. The laying thickness is 5cm.

[0214] Preparation of fly ash-based sand-fixing board device

[0215] The raw material ratio of the plate is as follows: it is molded into a triangular porous structure with a grid size of 1.5×1.5m, a height of 30cm, a thickness of 5cm, and a length of 1.5m. Anchors are provided at the bottom.

[0216] The fastener has a 110° snap-fit ​​angle and a 4mm deflection stroke; the cross-shaped snap-fit ​​has a 25mm wide four-way bearing surface, and the reinforcing rib thickness is 60% of the plate thickness. Tool slot dimensions: cross-shaped tool slot: 4cm wide, 5cm deep, 14cm long; T-shaped tool slot: 14cm horizontal length, 7cm vertical length; L-shaped tool slot: 7cm horizontal length, 7cm vertical length. Anchoring depth during installation: 20cm.

[0217] Preparation of fly ash-based sand-stabilizing agents

[0218] Using Method 2 in Example 1, the raw material ratio is: 30wt% gallium leaching residue fly ash, 5wt% nano-silica, 3wt% cellulose ether, 0.5wt% acrylic acid, 0.5wt% sodium lignosulfonate, and 61wt% water. When using, prepare a 3wt% aqueous solution, apply at a rate of 4L / m², and spray twice with a 10-minute interval to form a solidified layer approximately 3mm thick with a permeability coefficient of approximately 1×10⁻⁻⁻⁶. 6 cm / s.

[0219] Implementation methods for photovoltaic bases

[0220] A 2-5cm thick layer of sand-fixing particles is laid on the sand surface directly beneath the photovoltaic panels, with a 30cm buffer zone left between the edges and the photovoltaic support. Sand-fixing boards, 30cm high, are installed along the central axis of the gaps between photovoltaic panels (8m spacing). These boards are connected to pre-embedded steel reinforcement anchors using L-shaped clips (anchoring depth 20cm), and adjacent boards are joined using cross-shaped clips. The squares between the boards are filled with sand-fixing particles. Planting troughs are 30cm wide and 20cm deep, planted with a mixture of tamarisk and four-winged cattail. A sand-fixing agent is sprayed onto the sand surface beneath the photovoltaic panels to form a 3mm thick consolidation layer, and a 5cm wide wind-erosion-resistant reinforcement zone is also formed at the edges of the modules. This embodiment is suitable for areas severely affected by wind and sand.

[0221] Comparative Example 1

[0222] Without using fly ash-based sand-fixing particles, the remaining structure, raw material ratio, implementation steps and parameters are completely consistent with Example 1, that is, only the fly ash-based sand-fixing plate device and fly ash-based sand-fixing agent are retained. The sand-fixing plate device is installed and the sand-fixing agent is sprayed in sequence along the prevailing wind direction, without the front flexible anti-corrosion pad bottom layer.

[0223] Due to the lack of front-end buffering effect of sand-fixing particles, when sandstorms blow, there are no particles to intercept surface floating sand and slow down the wind speed. This results in a large amount of fine sand directly impacting the central sand-fixing plate device, exacerbating wind erosion and wear on the plate surface, and causing sand accumulation and leakage at the joints. After long-term use, the plate anchors loosen, and the stability of the protective wall decreases. At the same time, there is no flexible padding layer on the sand surface directly below the photovoltaic panel. After long-term compaction, the sand in the shaded area of ​​the support is prone to hardening and cracking, increasing the wind erosion rate to 0.35~0.45g / (m²·h) (≤0.1g / (m²·h) in Example 1). The sand-fixing agent consolidation layer at the rear end is directly exposed to the impact of sandstorms, making it prone to cracking and falling off. The duration of the consolidation effect is shortened by more than 40%, and the overall sand-fixing system's wind erosion resistance is greatly reduced. It cannot achieve the graded protection of "buffering-interception-consolidation". Its adaptability can only meet the needs of extremely weak sandstorm scenarios and cannot adapt to the sandstorm environment of conventional photovoltaic areas.

[0224] Comparative Example 2

[0225] Without using fly ash-based sand-fixing board devices, the remaining structure, raw material ratio, implementation steps and parameters are completely consistent with Example 1, that is, only fly ash-based sand-fixing particles and fly ash-based sand-fixing agents are retained, and sand-fixing particles are laid and sand-fixing agents are sprayed in sequence along the prevailing wind direction, without a central three-dimensional grid protective barrier.

[0226] Due to the lack of a central interception function in the sand-fixing plate device, the front-end sand-fixing particles can only initially slow down the wind speed and intercept surface floating sand, but cannot block the migration of sand in the middle and upper layers. A large amount of sand will cross the particle layer and be blown directly towards the photovoltaic panels and the sand surface at the rear. The sand-fixing particle layer is easily displaced and lost due to the impact of sand in the middle and upper layers, and the laying thickness gradually becomes thinner, and the buffering effect continues to decline. The sand-fixing agent consolidation layer at the rear needs to withstand a large amount of direct impact from sand, resulting in severe cracking and detachment. The integrity of the consolidation layer is destroyed, and it cannot effectively consolidate the surface sand. Sand accumulation between the photovoltaic panel rows is obvious, which can easily bury the bottom of the photovoltaic modules and affect the normal operation of the photovoltaic facilities. The overall wind erosion rate reaches 0.4~0.5g / (m²·h), and the sand-fixing stability is extremely poor. It cannot meet the protection needs of photovoltaic areas with wind and sand intensity of conventional and above, and can only be used for temporary sand fixation in short-term and extremely weak wind and sand.

[0227] Comparative Example 3

[0228] Without using fly ash-based sand-fixing agent, the remaining structure, raw material ratio, implementation steps and parameters are completely consistent with Example 1, that is, only fly ash-based sand-fixing particles and fly ash-based sand-fixing board device are retained, and sand-fixing particles are laid and sand-fixing board device is installed in sequence along the prevailing wind direction, without a rear-end consolidation layer.

[0229] Due to the lack of a back-end consolidation effect from the sand-fixing agent, the surface fine sand cannot be effectively consolidated. Even with front-end particle buffering and middle plate interception, a large amount of fine sand is still eroded and swept up by wind, forming secondary sandstorms. The fine sand at the joints of the sand-fixing plate device cannot be consolidated and easily leaks from the gaps. Over time, this accumulation leads to uneven stress and deformation of the plate. There is no consolidation layer on the sand surface directly below the photovoltaic panel, allowing fine sand to easily enter the gaps in the photovoltaic module, affecting the module's heat dissipation and lifespan. After the fine sand on the surface of the sand-fixing particle layer is eroded by wind, the particles become exposed and loose, easily carried away by wind and sand, resulting in increased gaps between particles and reduced buffering effect. The overall sand-fixing system can only block coarse sand and cannot suppress fine sand wind erosion. The integrity of wind and sand protection is insufficient, and the duration of the sand-fixing effect is shortened by more than 50%, failing to meet the long-term sand-fixing and stable protection needs of photovoltaic areas.

[0230] In addition, the inventors of this case also conducted experiments with other raw materials, process operations, and process conditions described in this specification, referring to the aforementioned embodiments, and obtained relatively ideal results in all cases.

[0231] Although the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various other changes, omissions, and / or additions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that elements of the embodiments can be substituted with substantially equivalents. Furthermore, many modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention to adapt particular situations or materials to the teachings of the invention. Therefore, this invention is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed for carrying out the invention, but rather is intended to encompass all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated otherwise, any use of the terms first, second, etc., does not indicate any order or importance, but is used to distinguish one element from another.

Claims

1. A fly ash-based sand fixation system, characterized in that, It includes fly ash-based sand-fixing particles, fly ash-based sand-fixing board devices, and fly ash-based sand-fixing agents, which are respectively set in the first, second, and third areas of the wind-damaged region. The first, second, and third areas are set in sequence along the prevailing wind direction. The fly ash-based sand-fixing particles are laid on the surface of the sand in the first area to reduce wind speed and intercept floating sand. The fly ash-based sand-fixing board device includes a board body and a fixing component for fixing the board body. The board body is perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. The fixing component is used to realize the detachable splicing and expansion of adjacent boards, thereby forming a three-dimensional grid protection structure. The three-dimensional grid protection structure is laid on the sand surface of the second area to block the migration of wind and sand. The fly ash-based sand-fixing agent is applied to the surface layer of the sand in the third region to form a consolidation layer and solidify the surface sand.

2. The fly ash-based sand fixation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first, second, and third regions are strip-shaped and parallel to each other, with a spacing of 1 to 2 meters between adjacent regions. The widths of the first, second, and third regions are 30 to 50 meters, 60 to 120 meters, and 20 to 40 meters, respectively. And / or, the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles comprise 30-50 wt% fly ash, 30-60 wt% desert sand, 0.5-5 wt% biodegradable binder, and 1-6 wt% water-retaining agent; Preferably, the biodegradable adhesive includes either polyacrylamide or polyaspartic acid hydrogel; Preferably, the water-retaining agent includes sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; Preferably, the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent further includes 0.1~0.5 wt% lignin sulfonate; And / or, the particle size of the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles is 1~5 cm; And / or, the plate and / or fastener are integrally formed from fly ash-based composite material by molding process, and the plate and fastener are made of the same material; Preferably, the raw materials of the plate include 40%~60wt% fly ash, 10wt%~30wt% high-pressure foamed straw fiber, 5wt%~10wt% cow dung-straw biochar, and 0.5wt%~5wt% activation agent; And / or, the structure of the plate includes a dense structure or a triangular porous structure; And / or, the fastener is installed at the bottom end of the plate to fix the plate; And / or, the fasteners include cross-shaped, T-shaped, or L-shaped fly ash-based connecting fasteners; And / or, the fastener has a cantilever snap-fit ​​structure with a flexural stroke ≥2mm and a snap-fit ​​angle of 90°~110°; And / or, the height of the three-dimensional mesh protective structure is 20~30cm; And / or, the inner wall of the fastener has a tool groove for enabling quick disassembly; And / or, the adjacent plates are spliced ​​together using T-type fly ash-based connecting fasteners or cross-type fly ash-based connecting fasteners; And / or, the bottom of the plate is provided with anchors; And / or, the raw materials of the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent include 15-30 wt% of acid-leached gallium extraction residue fly ash, 0.5-5 wt% of nano-silica, 0.5-3 wt% of cellulose ether, 0.01-0.5 wt% of acrylic acid, and the balance being water; And / or, the thickness of the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles laid on the surface of the sand is 3~10cm; And / or, the thickness of the consolidation layer is 1~3mm; And / or, drought-resistant shrubs are also planted in the grid of the three-dimensional mesh protection structure; Preferably, the grid has planting troughs, the width of which is 10-20cm and the depth of which is 10-20cm; Preferably, the drought-resistant shrub includes at least one of the following: Calligonum mongolicum, Tamarix chinensis, and Trichoderma tetrapanax. And / or, the compressive strength of the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles is ≥1.5MPa; And / or, the moisture content of the fly ash-based sand-fixing particles is ≥15%; And / or, the splice joint width in the fly ash-based sand-fixing board device is ≤1mm, and the wind erosion rate is ≤0.1g / (m²·h); And / or, both the plate and the fastener have a water-permeable structure, a porosity of 40%~50%, and a flexural strength ≥3MPa; And / or, the permeability coefficient of the consolidated layer is 10⁻ 5 ~10⁻ 6 cm / s.

3. The fly ash sand fixation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fly ash meets the Class I ash standard in GB / T1596-2005, with a fineness of ≤12% and a loss on ignition of ≤5%. And / or, the water glass modulus of the active activator is 1.2 to 1.5; And / or, the length and width of the plate are both 1.0~1.5m, the thickness is 2~5cm, and the height is 20~30cm; And / or, the width of the four-way bearing surface of the cross-shaped fly ash-based connecting fastener is ≥20mm; And / or, the corner portions of the T-type fly ash-based connecting clips and the L-type fly ash-based connecting clips are provided with reinforcing ribs, the thickness of which is 50% to 60% of the plate thickness; And / or, the lignin sulfonate includes at least one of sodium lignin sulfonate, potassium lignin sulfonate, calcium lignin sulfonate, and magnesium lignin sulfonate.

4. The fly ash sand fixation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross-shaped fly ash-based connecting fastener includes a fastener body and a cross-shaped tool groove formed on the upper surface of the fastener body; And / or, the T-type fly ash-based connecting fastener includes a fastener body and a T-shaped tool groove formed on the upper surface of the fastener body; And / or, the L-shaped fly ash-based connecting fastener includes a fastener body and an L-shaped tool groove formed on the upper surface of the fastener body.

5. The fly ash sand fixation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-shaped tool groove includes a transverse groove and a longitudinal groove that are perpendicular to each other. The width of the transverse groove and the longitudinal groove are both 2-4cm, the depth is 3-5cm, and the length is 12-14cm. The vertical distance between the bottom of the groove and the bottom surface of the buckle body is 1-2cm. And / or, the T-shaped tool slot includes a transverse slot and a longitudinal slot that are perpendicular to each other, one end of the longitudinal slot is perpendicularly connected to the middle of the transverse slot, and the other end extends to the edge of the buckle body to form an opening; And / or, the width of the transverse groove and the longitudinal groove of the T-shaped tool groove are both 2~4cm, the groove depth is 3~5cm, the length of the transverse groove is 12~14cm, the length of the longitudinal groove is 5~7cm, and the vertical distance between the bottom of the groove and the bottom surface of the buckle body is 1~2cm. And / or, the L-shaped tool groove includes a transverse groove and a longitudinal groove that are perpendicular to each other, one end of the transverse groove and one end of the longitudinal groove are perpendicularly connected to form a 90° angle, and the other end of the transverse groove and the other end of the longitudinal groove extend to the edge of the fastener body to form an open end. And / or, the width of the horizontal and vertical grooves of the L-shaped tool groove is 2~4cm, the groove depth is 3~5cm, the length of the horizontal groove is 5~7cm, the length of the vertical groove is 5~7cm, and the vertical distance between the bottom of the groove and the bottom surface of the buckle body is 1~2cm.

6. A method for sand fixation, characterized in that, include: Provide a fly ash-based sand fixation system according to any one of claims 1-5; In the first, second, and third areas of the wind-blown sand-affected region, fly ash sand-fixing particles, fly ash-based sand-fixing board devices, and fly ash-based sand-fixing agents are respectively laid on the surface of the sand layer. The first, second, and third areas are set up sequentially along the prevailing wind direction. The fly ash-based sand-fixing particles are used to reduce wind speed and intercept floating sand. The fly ash-based sand-fixing board device forms a three-dimensional grid protection system. The fly ash-based sand-fixing agent consolidates the surface sand, thereby achieving sand fixation.

7. The sand-fixing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: Along the prevailing wind direction, a 3-10 cm thick layer of fly ash sand-fixing particles is laid on the surface area of ​​the sand layer; And / or, the sand stabilization method specifically includes: first leveling the sand base, then using the fastener splicing plates to form a continuous protective wall, thus forming the three-dimensional grid protection system; Preferably, the squares formed between the plates are filled with fly ash sand-fixing particles; Preferably, the interparticle gap ratio of the fly ash sand-fixing particles filling the grid is ≥30%; Preferably, the width of the three-dimensional mesh protection system is 60~120m and the height is 20~30cm; And / or, the sand fixation method specifically includes: spraying a fly ash-based sand fixation agent aqueous solution onto the surface of the sand layer at the rear end, spraying 1 to 2 times, with an interval of 5 to 15 minutes between each spray, to form a 1 to 3 mm thick consolidation layer; Preferably, the mass concentration of the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent in the aqueous solution is 1-3 wt%. Preferably, the dosage of the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent aqueous solution is 2~4 L / m².

8. A fly ash-based sand fixation system for photovoltaic power generation areas, characterized in that, include: Fly ash-based sand-fixing particles are laid on the sand surface directly below the photovoltaic panel to form a flexible anti-corrosion pad bottom layer. A fly ash-based sand-stabilizing board device is installed on the sand surface in the gap area between rows of photovoltaic facilities. It includes a board body and a fixing component. The fixing component is used to realize the detachable splicing and expansion of adjacent boards. The board body is perpendicular to the main wind direction. Adjacent boards are connected by the fixing component to form a three-dimensional grid protection structure. A fly ash-based sand-stabilizing agent is applied to the sand surface below and around the photovoltaic panel to form a consolidation layer; Preferably, the edge of the flexible anti-corrosion pad bottom layer has a buffer strip between it and the photovoltaic support; Particularly preferred is that the width of the buffer strip is 20-30 cm; Preferably, the row and column spacing of the photovoltaic panels is 5~8m; Preferably, the photovoltaic facility includes photovoltaic panels, photovoltaic support structures, and photovoltaic ground piles; Preferably, the thickness of the flexible anti-corrosion pad bottom layer is 2~5cm and the width is 3~4m; Preferably, the thickness of the consolidation layer is 1~3 mm; Preferably, the plate is connected to the steel anchors embedded between the photovoltaic ground piles by an L-shaped fly ash-based connecting fastener, with an anchoring depth of 10~20cm.

9. A method for sand fixation in photovoltaic power generation areas, characterized in that, include: Provide the fly ash-based sand fixation system as described in claim 8; Fly ash sand-fixing particles are laid on the sand surface directly below the photovoltaic panels; Fly ash-based sand-fixing board devices are installed in the gaps between rows of photovoltaic facilities to form a three-dimensional grid protection system; A fly ash-based sand-fixing agent is applied to the sand surface under the photovoltaic panel to form a consolidation layer.

10. The sand-fixing method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: Along the windward direction, a 2-5cm thick layer of fly ash sand-fixing particles is laid in the sandy area directly below the photovoltaic panel to form the bottom layer of the flexible anti-corrosion pad. And / or, the sand fixation method specifically includes: first, leveling the sand base, then splicing the plates with fixing components to form a continuous protective wall, and filling the grid formed between the plates with the fly ash sand-fixing particles to form the three-dimensional grid protection system; Preferably, the width of the three-dimensional mesh protection system is 5-8m and the height is 20-30cm; And / or, the sand fixation method specifically includes: spraying a fly ash-based sand fixation agent aqueous solution onto the sand surface under the photovoltaic panel, spraying 1 to 2 times, with an interval of 5 to 15 minutes between each spray, to form a 1 to 3 mm thick consolidation layer; And / or, the sand fixation method further includes: spraying the fly ash-based sand fixation agent aqueous solution in the wind-erosion-prone area at the lower edge of the photovoltaic module, in a direction parallel to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel and perpendicular to the lower edge of the photovoltaic module, to form a wind erosion-resistant reinforcement zone 50~100cm wide; Preferably, the mass concentration of the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent in the aqueous solution is 1-3 wt%. Preferably, the dosage of the fly ash-based sand-fixing agent aqueous solution is 2~4 L / m².

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