Three-dimensional test device and method for simulating dynamic response of earthquake slope
The three-dimensional synchronous vibration of the slope model is achieved by driving the mechanism, which solves the problem that existing devices cannot achieve three-dimensional synchronous motion, improves the accuracy of test data and the durability of the device, and is suitable for dynamic response tests of large-size and heavy slope models.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHWEST ENGINEERING CORPORATION LIMITED
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
Smart Images
Figure CN122171146A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of earthquake simulation testing, and in particular to a three-dimensional test apparatus and method for simulating the dynamic response of earthquake slopes. Background Technology
[0002] Slope engineering is a critical structure in infrastructure construction such as transportation, water conservancy, and energy. Its dynamic response characteristics and instability failure mechanisms under seismic loading directly affect the long-term safety and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of the engineering structure. Indoor physical model tests have become the core means of studying the seismic dynamic response of slopes due to their strong controllability, high repeatability, and ability to intuitively reproduce the entire deformation and failure process of slopes under dynamic loads.
[0003] Existing slope dynamic response testing devices are mostly based on shaking tables, which simulate the effects of earthquakes by applying unidirectional or bidirectional vibration loads to a slope model. However, real earthquakes are three-dimensional spatial coupled motions that include vertical, horizontal, and forward / backward components.
[0004] However, most experimental setups can only achieve vertical or single horizontal vibration. While some setups can achieve bidirectional vibration, they struggle to achieve synchronous and coordinated movement in all three directions, which is significantly inconsistent with the spatial vibration characteristics of real earthquakes. Therefore, the experimental results cannot accurately reflect the stress state and response patterns of slopes during actual earthquakes. Furthermore, the drive mechanisms of traditional setups are often separate, with each drive system operating independently without a unified transmission and coordination mechanism. This leads to problems such as timing misalignment and amplitude mismatch during vibration, resulting in uneven stress on the model, significant boundary effects, and low reliability and authenticity of the experimental data. Due to the lack of reliable three-dimensional synchronous guidance and constraint structures, slope models are prone to swaying, jamming, or localized abnormal displacement during vibration, making it impossible to guarantee the overall stable movement of the model. This severely affects the accuracy and repeatability of the experimental data, making it difficult to meet the requirements for high-precision slope dynamic response research.
[0005] In summary, existing testing devices cannot achieve synchronous three-dimensional movement in all directions (up / down, left / right, and forward / backward), making it difficult to accurately reproduce the actual dynamic response process of slopes under seismic loading. The test results deviate significantly from engineering realities, hindering the improvement of research on slope seismic resistance mechanisms and seismic design. Therefore, developing a three-dimensional testing device for slope seismic dynamic response that can achieve synchronous three-dimensional vibration, has a simple structure, is easy to adjust, and exhibits stable movement has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In order to achieve synchronous three-dimensional movement in the vertical, horizontal, and front-back directions, and to realistically reproduce the actual dynamic response process of the slope under seismic loading, thereby improving the authenticity and reliability of the test data, this application provides a three-dimensional test device and method for simulating the dynamic response of a seismic slope.
[0007] The three-dimensional test device for simulating the dynamic response of seismic slopes provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A three-dimensional test device for simulating the dynamic response of an earthquake slope includes a frame, a model mounting box on the frame, a slope model inside the model mounting box, a front-back actuation component, a left-right actuation component, and an up-down actuation component connected to the bottom of the slope model, and a drive mechanism on the side wall of the frame for synchronously reciprocating vibration of the front-back actuation component, the left-right actuation component, and the up-down actuation component.
[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user operates the system, the drive mechanism synchronously drives the front-back and left-right toggle components to move, causing the slope model to reciprocate synchronously in the horizontal front-back and horizontal left-right directions. At the same time, the drive mechanism also drives the up-down toggle components in conjunction, causing the slope model to reciprocate orderly in the vertical up-down direction. Through the synchronous coupling of vibrations in the front-back, left-right, and vertical directions, the slope model achieves three-dimensional synchronous composite vibration, thereby realistically simulating the multi-dimensional dynamic response process of a slope under seismic loads. By using the same drive mechanism to simultaneously drive the front-back, left-right, and up-down toggle components, the slope model achieves synchronous, coordinated, and coupled vibrations in the horizontal front-back, horizontal left-right, and vertical directions, which can realistically reproduce the three-dimensional spatial vibration characteristics of seismic waves. The test results are closer to actual engineering conditions, significantly improving the reliability and accuracy of the test data.
[0009] Optionally, the left and right toggle assembly includes multiple positioning blocks fixedly connected to the bottom of the slope model. Positioning columns are fixedly connected to the positioning blocks. The length of the positioning columns is parallel to the length direction of the model mounting box. Multiple positioning columns are provided. The two ends of the model mounting box are provided with clearance grooves corresponding to the positions of the positioning columns. The two ends of the positioning columns extend from the clearance grooves and are fixedly connected with arc-shaped levers. The frame is provided at both ends of the model mounting box with left and right pushing components that push the arc-shaped levers to move. The drive mechanism is used to drive the left and right pushing components to reciprocate.
[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user operates the device, the drive mechanism pushes the left and right pusher components to slide horizontally back and forth. This allows the positioning columns to move left and right in the horizontal direction, thereby causing the slope model to swing horizontally left and right. By setting multiple positioning blocks and multiple positioning columns at the bottom of the slope model, with the positioning columns arranged along the length of the model mounting box and arc-shaped levers at both ends, which are synchronously driven by the left and right pusher components, the slope model can be evenly stressed in the horizontal left and right directions. This ensures good synchronization of movement, no swaying, and no jamming, guaranteeing the overall stable swing of the slope model. This significantly improves the stability of the test process and the accuracy of the test data. The simultaneous force-driven multiple positioning columns, compared to the single-point drive method, result in more dispersed force and more stable support, effectively preventing local deformation, tilting, or displacement of the slope model during vibration. This ensures the consistency of the model's movement and is suitable for dynamic response tests of large-size and heavy slope models.
[0011] Optionally, the left and right pushing components include brackets located at the four corners of the frame, each bracket having a guide post slidably connected to it, and a push plate fixedly connected to one of the guide posts of the bracket. The push plate is used to cooperate with the drive mechanism. A toggle plate is fixedly connected to one end of each guide post facing each other. A return spring is sleeved between the guide post and the toggle plate. The toggle plate is set along the width direction of the model mounting box. A positioning seat is set at the position of the positioning post corresponding to the toggle plate. Two limiting plates are set on the positioning seat, and a V-shaped limiting groove is formed between the two limiting plates. An arc-shaped lever extends into the limiting groove. An adjusting rod is threadedly connected to the positioning seat, and the end of the adjusting rod is rotatably connected to the limiting plate.
[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses the device, the drive mechanism drives the push plate to perform horizontal reciprocating motion. The push plate drives the guide column to slide back and forth along the bracket. The guide column then drives the actuating plate to reciprocate synchronously. When the actuating plate reciprocates, it pushes the arc-shaped lever through the V-shaped limiting groove, which in turn drives the positioning column and the positioning block at the bottom of the slope model, realizing the reciprocating vibration of the slope model in the horizontal left and right directions. The positioning seat is threaded with an adjusting rod, which is rotatably connected to the limiting plate. By rotating the adjusting rod, the relative position between the two limiting plates can be adjusted, changing the depth of the V-shaped limiting groove, thereby changing the lateral displacement stroke of the arc-shaped lever in the limiting groove, realizing the continuous adjustment of the left and right vibration amplitude of the slope model.
[0013] Optionally, the front and rear actuation assembly includes a connecting post fixedly connected to the bottom of the positioning block. The connecting post is perpendicular to the positioning post, and both ends of the connecting post extend out of the model mounting box. Two guide shafts are slidably connected to the bracket, and the guide shafts are perpendicular to the guide post. A fixing plate is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the guide post. A return spring is sleeved on the guide shaft. The return spring is horizontally set, and both ends of the return spring are fixedly connected to the bracket and the fixing plate. The fixing plate is set along the length direction of the model mounting box. A receiving groove is opened on the fixing plate corresponding to the position of the connecting post. Two retaining plates are set in the receiving groove. An inclined surface is opened on the opposite side of the retaining plates. A V-shaped actuation groove is formed between the two retaining plates. The end of the connecting post extends into the actuation groove. A screw is rotatably connected to the retaining plate. The screw is threaded to the top of the fixing plate. Two actuating blocks are fixedly connected to the fixing plate. The actuating blocks slide horizontally back and forth under the drive of the driving mechanism.
[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses the device, the lever slides back and forth horizontally under the drive mechanism, thereby driving the fixed plate and guide shaft to slide back and forth synchronously along the axis of the guide shaft. The V-shaped lever groove moves back and forth horizontally synchronously with the fixed plate, and drives the connecting column to move back and forth horizontally through the inclined surface of the clamping plate, thereby driving the positioning block and slope model to reciprocate in the horizontal direction. The guide shaft and the return spring work together to realize the reciprocating guidance and automatic reset of the fixed plate. With the transmission structure of the V-shaped lever groove and the connecting column, the slope model is subjected to uniform force and moves smoothly in the horizontal direction, effectively avoiding swaying and jamming during vibration, and ensuring the synchronization and stability of the model vibration. The relative position between the two clamping plates can be adjusted by rotating the screw, changing the depth of the V-shaped lever groove, thereby changing the lateral displacement stroke of the connecting column in the lever groove, realizing the continuous adjustment of the amplitude of the slope model's front and back vibration.
[0015] Optionally, the vertical actuation assembly includes multiple mounting columns fixedly connected to the bottom of the slope model. The mounting columns are arranged in multiple rows at the bottom of the slope model, and the axial direction of the mounting columns is vertical. A cavity is opened at the bottom of the model mounting box. The bottom of each row of mounting columns extends into the cavity and is fixedly connected to a connecting rod. The two ends of the connecting rod extend out of the two sides of the model mounting box. Adjusting bolts are threaded to both ends of the connecting rod. The top of the adjusting bolts is rotatably connected to a pressure plate. The pressure plate is located on both sides of the length direction of the model mounting box. The driving mechanism is used to drive the pressure plate to move vertically.
[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, during user operation, the drive mechanism drives the pressure plate to reciprocate vertically. The pressure plate, through adjusting bolts, drives the connecting rods, mounting columns, and slope model to reciprocate vertically synchronously, thereby achieving vertical vibration of the slope model. The use of multiple rows of mounting columns and connecting rods for overall transmission and multi-point synchronous force ensures that the slope model experiences uniform force and smooth movement during vertical vibration, without deviation or jamming, guaranteeing the synchronization and stability of the model's vertical vibration. By rotating the adjusting bolts, the vertical distance between the pressure plate and the connecting rods can be adjusted, thereby changing the amplitude and initial gap of the slope model's vertical vibration, achieving adjustable vertical vibration parameters and amplitude, and strong experimental adaptability.
[0017] Optionally, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor fixedly connected to the frame, a transmission shaft fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, a cam 1 fixedly connected to the end of the transmission shaft, the cam 1 extending above the pressure plate and located between two levers; a bevel gear 1 fixedly connected to the transmission shaft, a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the side wall of the frame, a bevel gear 2 fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft, the bevel gear 1 and the bevel gear 2 meshing, and a cam 2 fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating shaft, the cam 2 abutting against the push plate.
[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user operates the device, the drive motor drives the transmission shaft to rotate. On one hand, this drives the cam, which is fixedly connected to the end, to rotate continuously. The cam extends above the pressure plate and is located between the two levers. During rotation, the cam surface periodically abuts against the pressure plate and levers. When the cam rotates, it periodically presses down on the pressure plate, which, in conjunction with the subsequent reset structure, achieves vertical reciprocating motion. The pressure plate, through adjusting bolts, drives the connecting rod and multiple rows of mounting columns to move vertically back and forth synchronously, thereby driving the slope model to achieve orderly reciprocating vibration in the vertical direction. When the cam rotates, it synchronously drives the two levers to slide back and forth in the horizontal front-back direction. The levers drive the fixed plate and guide shaft to slide back and forth along the bracket. The return spring on the guide shaft cooperates to achieve reciprocating reset, simultaneously realizing vertical and front-back power transmission. On the other hand, the bevel gear fixed on the transmission shaft rotates synchronously with the shaft, and through the interaction of the bevel gear... The meshing transmission of wheel two drives the rotating shaft connected to the side wall of the frame and the cam two at the end of the rotating shaft to rotate synchronously. Cam two continuously abuts against the push plate. When cam two rotates, it periodically abuts against the push plate. The push plate drives the corresponding guide column and the guide column at the four corners of the frame to slide back and forth synchronously along the support. The return spring on the guide column cooperates to realize the reciprocating reset, which in turn drives the toggle plate and the positioning seat to slide horizontally left and right synchronously. It realizes three-dimensional synchronous vibration, and the simulation accuracy is greatly improved. It breaks through the technical defects of single / two-way vibration and multi-directional asynchronous vibration of traditional devices. It adopts a single power source with cam and bevel gear linkage transmission to realize the vertical, front and back, left and right three-dimensional synchronous coupled vibration of the slope model. The vibration phase and frequency are completely unified, and there are no time sequence deviations and uneven force problems. It closely matches the spatial vibration law of real earthquakes. The test data is closer to the actual engineering situation, and the accuracy and reliability of the test results are significantly improved.
[0019] Optionally, multiple shock-absorbing springs are provided between the frame and the model mounting box.
[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses the drive mechanism to drive the slope model to perform three-dimensional synchronous reciprocating vibration, the model mounting box will generate synchronous vibration impact and instantaneous force. The vertically set shock-absorbing springs can effectively absorb and attenuate the rigid impact and fluctuating load generated by the vibration, avoid the vibration impact force being directly transmitted to the frame, and prevent the frame, model mounting box and internal transmission components (positioning columns, guide shafts, cams, bevel gears, etc.) from deforming, wearing, loosening or even breaking due to long-term high-frequency rigid impact. This greatly reduces the overall wear of the device, improves the durability and service life of the device, and is suitable for the needs of long-term high-frequency indoor model testing.
[0021] The three-dimensional test method for simulating the dynamic response of seismic slopes provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A three-dimensional experimental method for simulating the dynamic response of earthquake-prone slopes includes the following steps: S1. Pre-experiment preparation and model preparation: Determine the geometric parameters of the slope model according to the test objectives, check the overall integrity of the device, and confirm that the frame, model mounting box, various actuation components and drive mechanism components are not loose or damaged. Install displacement sensors, stress sensors and vibration sensors at the preset monitoring points of the slope model, connect various sensors to external data acquisition equipment, and debug the acquisition system. S2. Adjustment of three-dimensional vibration amplitude parameters: a1. Adjustment of left and right vibration amplitude: According to the simulated earthquake intensity and test requirements, rotate the adjustment rod on the positioning seat in the left and right pusher assembly to adjust the relative distance between the two limit plates, change the depth of the V-shaped limit groove, control the lateral displacement stroke of the arc-shaped lever in the limit groove, accurately set the vibration amplitude of the slope model in the horizontal left and right directions, and lock the adjustment rod after adjustment to prevent the limit plates from shifting during the test. a2. Adjustment of front and rear vibration amplitude: Rotate the screw at the top of the fixed plate to drive the synchronous displacement of the clamping plate, adjust the depth of the V-shaped shifting groove formed by the two clamping plates, control the horizontal front and rear displacement stroke of the connecting column in the shifting groove, set the vibration amplitude of the slope model in the horizontal front and rear direction, and ensure that the front and rear amplitude matches the test conditions. a3. Vertical vibration amplitude adjustment: Rotate the adjusting bolts at both ends of the connecting rod to adjust the vertical distance between the pressure plate and the connecting rod, set the vertical vibration stroke and initial gap of the slope model, so that the vertical vibration amplitude matches the horizontal front-back and left-right amplitudes, and conforms to the three-dimensional component parameters of the target seismic wave; S3. No-load debugging of the three-dimensional experimental device: Start the drive motor of the drive mechanism and run it at low speed under no-load to check the overall transmission status of the device: Observe the cooperation status of cam one with the pressure plate and the lever block, and confirm that the vertical lever component and the front and rear lever component operate smoothly; check the meshing transmission status of bevel gear one and bevel gear two, and confirm that cam two cooperates normally with the push plate, and that the left and right lever components move synchronously back and forth; check the three-dimensional vibration synchronization to ensure that the vertical, front and rear, and left and right vibrations of the slope model under no-load conditions are without lag, sway, or jamming, and that the damping spring has a good buffering effect and no abnormal noises; after debugging, turn off the drive motor and wait for the formal test. S4. Three-dimensional seismic dynamic response simulation test: a1. Turn on the external data acquisition device, set the data acquisition frequency, start the drive motor, and drive the transmission shaft to rotate synchronously. Through the linkage of cam one, bevel gear transmission and cam two, the vertical toggle component, the front and rear toggle component, and the left and right toggle component are driven to move synchronously, so that the slope model can realize the three-dimensional spatial dynamic action of the earthquake wave in three directions: vertical, horizontal front and rear, and horizontal left and right. S4. Shutdown Reset and Data Processing: After the test, disconnect the power supply to the device, loosen all adjusting rods, screws, and adjusting bolts to reset all actuating components to their initial state, remove the slope model, clean the model mounting box and all components of the device, check for wear and deformation of the device components, and perform maintenance in preparation for subsequent tests; export all test data recorded by the data acquisition equipment, organize the dynamic response parameters of the slope model under three-dimensional synchronous vibration, and analyze the stress characteristics, deformation laws, and instability mechanism of the slope under seismic loading by combining the slope deformation phenomena recorded during the test, and complete the test data analysis and report writing.
[0022] By adopting the above technical solutions, the user's test process is standardized and controllable, and the three-dimensional vibration parameters can be adjusted independently, which can adapt to the simulation needs of different seismic intensities and different slope types, and the test is highly flexible. Relying on the single power source three-dimensional synchronous vibration technology, the vibration phase and frequency are highly unified, the test conditions are close to the real earthquake scenario, and the data accuracy and repeatability are far higher than traditional one-way / two-way test methods. With the matching vibration damping and buffer structure, the device wear is reduced, multiple repeated tests can be achieved, the operation is simple, no complicated debugging is required, and the efficiency and accuracy of indoor slope earthquake simulation tests are greatly improved. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B; Figure 5 It is an exploded view of the model mounting box and the slope mold; Figure 6 This application embodiment is a cross-sectional view made to highlight the up-and-down toggle component; Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of part C; Figure 8 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of part D.
[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Frame; 11. Shock-absorbing spring; 2. Model mounting box; 3. Slope model; 4. Front and rear actuating assembly; 41. Connecting column; 42. Guide shaft; 43. Fixing plate; 44. Return spring; 45. Clamping plate; 46. Screw; 47. Actuating block; 5. Left and right actuating assembly; 51. Positioning block; 52. Positioning column; 53. Arc-shaped lever; 54. Left and right pushing assembly; 541. Bracket; 542. Guide column; 543. Push plate 544. Toggle plate; 545. Return spring; 546. Positioning seat; 547. Limiting plate; 548. Limiting groove; 549. Adjusting rod; 6. Up and down toggle assembly; 61. Mounting column; 62. Connecting rod; 621. Buffer spring; 63. Adjusting bolt; 64. Pressure plate; 7. Drive mechanism; 71. Drive motor; 72. Transmission shaft; 73. Cam one; 74. Bevel gear one; 75. Rotating shaft; 76. Bevel gear two; 77. Cam two. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-8 This application will be described in further detail.
[0026] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0027] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the "above" or "below" of the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Example
[0028] This application discloses a three-dimensional experimental device for simulating the dynamic response of seismic slopes, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The system includes a frame 1, a model mounting box 2, a slope model 3, a front-to-back toggle assembly 4, a left-to-right toggle assembly 5, a top-to-bottom toggle assembly 6, and a drive mechanism 7. The drive mechanism 7 is located on the side wall of the frame 1 and is used to synchronously drive the front-to-back toggle assembly 4, the left-to-right toggle assembly 5, and the top-to-bottom toggle assembly 6, so that the slope model 3 can achieve synchronous composite vibration in the front-to-back, left-to-right, and vertical directions, thereby realistically simulating the multi-dimensional dynamic response process of the slope under seismic load.
[0029] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 Specifically, the left and right toggle assembly 5 includes a positioning block 51, a positioning post 52, an arc-shaped lever 53, and a left and right pushing assembly 54. The positioning block 51 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slope model 3, serving to fix the positioning post 52. There are multiple positioning posts 52, the length of which is parallel to the length direction of the model mounting box 2, and both ends extend into clearance grooves before being fixedly connected to the arc-shaped lever 53. The positioning posts 52 can be made of metal, such as stainless steel, which has high strength and corrosion resistance, or they can be made of high-strength plastic to reduce the overall weight. The positioning posts 52 are usually cylindrical in shape, which results in less friction during movement and facilitates smooth movement.
[0030] The left and right pushing assembly 54 includes a bracket 541, guide posts 542, push plates 543, actuating plates 544, a return spring 545, a positioning seat 546, a limiting plate 547, and an adjusting rod 549. The brackets 541 are located at the four corners of the frame 1, providing support and sliding tracks for the guide posts 542. The guide posts 542 are slidably connected to the brackets 541. A push plate 543 is fixedly connected to one of the guide posts 542 of the bracket 541, and the push plate 543 is used to cooperate with the drive mechanism 7. An actuating plate 544 is fixedly connected to one end of each guide post 542 facing each other. A return spring 545 is sleeved between the guide post 542 and the bracket 541 and the actuating plate 544. When the guide post 542 moves, the return spring 545 can buffer and reset the movement. A toggle plate 544 is positioned along the width of the model mounting box 2. A positioning seat 546 is positioned on the plate corresponding to the positioning post 52. Two limiting plates 547 are mounted on the positioning seat 546. The two limiting plates 547 have inclined surfaces on opposite sides, forming a V-shaped limiting groove 548. An arc-shaped lever 53 extends into the limiting groove 548. An adjusting rod 549 is threaded onto the positioning seat 546. The end of the adjusting rod 549 is rotatably connected to the limiting plate 547. By rotating the adjusting rod 549, the relative position between the two limiting plates 547 can be adjusted, changing the depth of the V-shaped limiting groove 548. This changes the lateral displacement stroke of the arc-shaped lever 53 within the limiting groove 548, enabling continuous adjustment of the left and right vibration amplitude of the slope model 3.
[0031] The combination logic and effect of the left and right toggle components 5 are as follows: the drive mechanism 7 pushes the push plate 543 to perform horizontal reciprocating motion. The push plate 543 drives the guide column 542 to slide back and forth along the bracket 541. The guide column 542 then drives the toggle plate 544 to reciprocate synchronously. The toggle plate 544 pushes the arc-shaped lever 53 through the V-shaped limiting groove 548, which drives the positioning column 52 and the positioning block 51 at the bottom of the slope model 3, realizing the reciprocating vibration of the slope model 3 in the horizontal left and right directions. By setting multiple positioning blocks 51 and multiple positioning columns 52 at the bottom of the slope model 3, and setting arc-shaped levers 53 at both ends of the positioning columns 52 and driving them synchronously by the left and right pusher components 54, the slope model 3 can be subjected to uniform force in the horizontal left and right directions, with good motion synchronization, no swaying, and no jamming, ensuring the overall stable swing of the slope model 3, and greatly improving the stability of the test process and the accuracy of the test data. Multiple positioning columns 52 are driven by force simultaneously. Compared with the single-point driving method, the force is more dispersed and the support is more stable. This can effectively prevent local deformation, tilting or displacement of the slope model 3 during vibration, and ensure the consistency of model movement. It is suitable for dynamic response tests of large-size and heavy slope models 3.
[0032] Reference Figure 5Specifically, the front and rear actuation assembly 4 includes a connecting post 41, a guide shaft 42, a fixing plate 43, a return spring 44, a retaining plate 45, a screw 46, and a toggle block 47. The connecting post 41 is fixedly connected to the positioning block 51, is perpendicular to the positioning post 52 and located above the positioning post 52, and its two ends extend out of the model mounting box 2. The guide shaft 42 is slidably connected to the bracket 541, is perpendicular to the guide post 542, and the fixing plate 43 is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the guide post 542. The return spring 44 is sleeved on the guide shaft 42, is horizontally set, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the bracket 541 and the fixing plate 43, serving as a buffer and reset function. The fixing plate 43 is set along the length of the model mounting box 2, located above the connecting post 41, and has a receiving groove corresponding to the position of the connecting post 41. Two retaining plates 45 are set in the receiving groove, and the opposite side of the retaining plates 45 has an inclined surface to form a V-shaped actuation groove. The end of the connecting post 41 extends into the actuation groove. A screw 46 is rotatably connected to the clamping plate 45, and the screw 46 is threaded to the top of the fixed plate 43. By rotating the screw 46, the relative position between the two clamping plates 45 can be adjusted, changing the depth of the V-shaped actuation groove, thereby changing the lateral displacement stroke of the connecting column 41 in the actuation groove, realizing the continuous adjustment of the front and rear vibration amplitude of the slope model 3. Two actuation blocks 47 are fixedly connected to the fixed plate 43, and the actuation blocks 47 slide horizontally back and forth under the drive of the drive mechanism 7.
[0033] The combination logic and effect of the front and rear actuation components 4 are as follows: the actuation block 47 slides back and forth horizontally under the drive mechanism 7, driving the fixed plate 43 and the guide shaft 42 to slide back and forth synchronously along the axis of the guide shaft 42. The V-shaped actuation groove moves back and forth horizontally synchronously with the fixed plate 43, and drives the connecting column 41 to move back and forth horizontally through the inclined surface of the clamping plate 45, thereby driving the positioning block 51 and the slope model 3 to achieve reciprocating vibration in the horizontal front and rear directions. The guide shaft 42 and the return spring 44 are used to realize the reciprocating guidance and automatic reset of the fixed plate 43. With the transmission structure of the V-shaped actuation groove and the connecting column 41, the slope model 3 is subjected to uniform force and moves smoothly in the horizontal front and rear directions, effectively avoiding swaying and jamming during vibration, and ensuring the synchronization and stability of the model vibration.
[0034] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7Specifically, the vertical actuation assembly includes mounting columns 61, connecting rods 62, adjusting bolts 63, and pressure plates 64. Multiple mounting columns 61 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the slope model 3, arranged in multiple rows at the bottom of the slope model 3, with their axial direction vertically aligned. A cavity is formed at the bottom of the model mounting box 2. The bottom of each row of mounting columns 61 extends into the cavity and is fixedly connected to a connecting rod 62. Both ends of the connecting rod 62 extend out from both sides of the model mounting box 2, and both ends are threadedly connected to adjusting bolts 63. A buffer spring 621 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting rod 62, located at the bottom of the cavity. The buffer spring 621 is used to reset the connecting rod 62. The tops of the adjusting bolts 63 are rotatably connected to pressure plates 64, which are located on both sides of the model mounting box 2 along its length. The drive mechanism 7 is used to drive the pressure plates 64 to move vertically.
[0035] The combination logic and effect of the vertical actuation component are as follows: the drive mechanism 7 drives the pressure plate 64 to reciprocate vertically. The pressure plate 64, through the adjusting bolt 63, drives the connecting rod 62, the mounting column 61, and the slope model 3 to move vertically in a synchronized manner, thereby realizing the vertical vibration of the slope model 3. The use of multiple rows of mounting columns 61 and connecting rods 62 for integrated transmission, with multiple points of synchronous force, ensures that the slope model 3 experiences uniform force and smooth movement during vertical vibration, without deviation or jamming, guaranteeing the synchronization and stability of the model's vertical vibration. By rotating the adjusting bolt 63, the vertical distance between the pressure plate 64 and the connecting rod 62 can be adjusted, thereby changing the amplitude and initial gap of the vertical vibration of the slope model 3, achieving adjustable vertical vibration parameters and amplitude, and providing strong experimental adaptability.
[0036] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 8 Specifically, the drive mechanism 7 includes a drive motor 71, a transmission shaft 72, a first cam 73, a first bevel gear 74, a rotating shaft 75, a second bevel gear 76, and a second cam 77. The drive motor 71 is fixedly connected to the frame 1, and the transmission shaft 72 is fixedly connected to its output shaft. The first cam 73 is fixedly connected to the end of the transmission shaft 72, extending above the pressure plate 64 and located between the two levers 47. The first bevel gear 74 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 72, and the rotating shaft 75 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the frame 1. The second bevel gear 76 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 75, and the first bevel gear 74 and the second bevel gear 76 mesh. The second cam 77 is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating shaft 75, and the second cam 77 abuts against the push plate 543.
[0037] The combination logic and effect of the drive mechanism 7 are as follows: The drive motor 71 drives the transmission shaft 72 to rotate, which in turn drives the cam 73, which is fixedly connected at the end, to rotate continuously. During the rotation of the cam 73, the wheel surface periodically abuts against the pressure plate 64 and the lever 47. When the cam 73 rotates, it periodically presses down on the pressure plate 64, which, in conjunction with the subsequent reset structure, achieves vertical reciprocating motion. The pressure plate 64, through the adjusting bolt 63, drives the connecting rod 62 and the multi-row mounting columns 61 to move vertically back and forth synchronously, thereby driving the slope model 3 to achieve orderly reciprocating vibration in the vertical direction. When the cam 73 rotates, it synchronously drives the two levers 47 to slide back and forth in the horizontal front-back direction. The levers 47 drive the fixed plate 43 and the guide shaft 42 to slide back and forth along the bracket 541. The return spring 44 on the guide shaft 42 cooperates to achieve reciprocating reset, and synchronously realizes the vertical and front-back power transmission. On the other hand, the bevel gear 74 fixed on the drive shaft 72 rotates synchronously with the shaft. Through meshing with the bevel gear 76, it drives the rotating shaft 75 connected to the side wall of the frame 1 and the cam 77 at the end of the rotating shaft 75 to rotate synchronously. The cam 77 continuously abuts against the push plate 543. When the cam 77 rotates, it periodically abuts against the push plate 543. The push plate 543 drives the corresponding guide post 542 and the four corner guide posts 542 of the frame 1 to slide back and forth synchronously along the bracket 541. The return spring 545 on the guide post 542 cooperates to achieve reciprocating reset, thereby driving the toggle plate 544 and the positioning seat 546 to slide horizontally left and right synchronously. Achieving triaxial synchronous vibration significantly improves simulation accuracy, overcoming the technical shortcomings of traditional devices such as single / biaxial vibration and multi-directional asynchrony. By adopting a single power source in conjunction with cam and bevel gear linkage transmission, the slope model 3 achieves vertical, front-back, and left-right three-dimensional synchronous coupled vibration. The vibration phase and frequency are completely unified, with no timing deviation or uneven force issues. It closely matches the spatial vibration law of real earthquakes, and the test data is closer to engineering practice, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the test results.
[0038] In addition, multiple damping springs 11 are installed between the frame 1 and the model mounting box 2. The damping springs 11 are vertically arranged, with both ends fixed to the bottom of the frame 1 and the model mounting box 2, respectively. When the drive mechanism 7 drives the slope model 3 to perform three-dimensional synchronous reciprocating vibration, the model mounting box 2 will generate synchronous vibration impact and instantaneous force. The vertically arranged damping springs 11 can effectively absorb and attenuate the rigid impact and fluctuating load generated by the vibration, avoid the vibration impact force being directly transmitted to the frame 1, and prevent the frame 1, model mounting box 2 and internal transmission components (positioning column 52, guide shaft 42, cam, bevel gear, etc.) from deforming, wearing, loosening or even breaking due to long-term high-frequency rigid impact. This greatly reduces the overall wear of the device, improves the durability and service life of the device, and is suitable for the needs of long-term high-frequency indoor model testing.
[0039] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: This embodiment uses a single power source drive mechanism 7, along with transmission components such as cams and bevel gears, to achieve synchronous composite vibration of the slope model 3 in three directions: front-back, left-right, and vertical. The rational design and coordination of each actuating component ensures that the slope model 3 experiences uniform force and smooth movement during vibration, avoiding problems such as swaying and jamming, and guaranteeing the accuracy and reliability of the test data. Simultaneously, the adjustment components such as the adjusting rod 549, screw 46, and adjusting bolt 63 allow for continuous adjustment of the vibration amplitude in each direction, meeting the simulation requirements of different earthquake intensities and slope types. The damping spring 11 effectively reduces device wear and tear, improves the device's durability and service life, and is suitable for long-term, high-frequency indoor model tests. Overall, this device closely resembles the spatial vibration patterns of real earthquakes, and the test results are closer to engineering practice, providing a more accurate basis for slope seismic resistance mechanism research and seismic design. Example
[0040] The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that the drive mechanism 7 uses a hydraulic drive instead of the original motor, cam, and bevel gear transmission. The hydraulic drive mechanism 7 includes components such as a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic cylinder, and hydraulic oil pipes. The hydraulic pump is connected to the hydraulic cylinder via hydraulic oil pipes, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the left and right pushing components 54, the front and rear actuating components 4, and the vertical actuating components, respectively. By controlling the flow rate and pressure of the hydraulic pump, synchronous drive of each actuating component is achieved, thereby enabling the slope model 3 to achieve three-dimensional synchronous vibration.
[0041] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: hydraulic drive has advantages such as large output force, smooth movement, and stepless speed regulation. Using the hydraulic drive mechanism 7 allows for more precise control of the vibration parameters of the slope model 3, improving the accuracy and reliability of the test. Simultaneously, the hydraulic drive system has good sealing performance, can adapt to complex working environments, and reduces maintenance workload. Compared with the original transmission method, the hydraulic drive method is more flexible in power transmission and control, better meeting the needs of different test conditions, and further improving the effect of simulating the dynamic response of earthquake-prone slopes. Example
[0042] The three-dimensional experimental method for simulating the dynamic response of seismic slopes provided in this application includes the following steps: S1. Pre-experiment Preparation and Model Fabrication: Determine the geometric parameters of slope model 3 according to the experimental objectives, check the overall integrity of the device, and confirm that the frame 1, model mounting box 2, all actuating components, and drive mechanism 7 are free from looseness or damage. Install displacement sensors, stress sensors, and vibration sensors at the preset monitoring points on slope model 3, connect all sensors to external data acquisition equipment, and debug the acquisition system. In this step, measuring tools such as rulers and angle gauges are needed to determine the geometric parameters of slope model 3. For sensor placement, ensure accurate positioning to accurately measure various parameters of slope model 3 during vibration. When debugging the acquisition system, check the data transmission for normal operation to ensure accurate recording of experimental data.
[0043] S2. Adjustment of three-dimensional vibration amplitude parameters: a1. Adjustment of Left and Right Vibration Amplitude: Based on the simulated earthquake intensity and test requirements, rotate the adjusting rod 549 on the positioning seat 546 in the left and right pusher assembly 54 to adjust the relative distance between the two limiting plates 547, change the depth of the V-shaped limiting groove 548, control the lateral displacement stroke of the arc-shaped lever 53 within the limiting groove 548, and accurately set the vibration amplitude in the left and right horizontal directions of the slope model 3. After adjustment, lock the adjusting rod 549 to prevent the limiting plates 547 from shifting during the test. During the adjustment process, tools such as vernier calipers can be used to measure the distance between the limiting plates 547 to ensure the accuracy of the adjustment.
[0044] a2. Adjustment of front-to-back vibration amplitude: Rotate the screw 46 on the top of the fixed plate 43 to drive the clamping plate 45 to move synchronously. Adjust the depth of the V-shaped actuation groove formed by the two clamping plates 45 to control the horizontal front-to-back displacement stroke of the connecting column 41 within the actuation groove. Set the vibration amplitude of the slope model 3 in the horizontal front-to-back direction to ensure that the front-to-back amplitude matches the test conditions. Similarly, a measuring tool can be used to measure the depth of the V-shaped actuation groove to ensure the accuracy of the adjustment.
[0045] a3. Vertical Vibration Amplitude Adjustment: Rotate the adjusting bolts 63 at both ends of the connecting rod 62 to adjust the vertical distance between the pressure plate 64 and the connecting rod 62. Set the vertical vibration stroke and initial gap of the slope model 3 to match the vertical vibration amplitude with the horizontal front-back and left-right amplitudes, conforming to the three-dimensional component parameters of the target seismic wave. During the adjustment process, carefully observe the positional changes of the slope model 3 to ensure that the adjusted parameters meet the experimental requirements.
[0046] S3. No-load debugging of the three-dimensional experimental device: Start the drive motor 71 of the drive mechanism 7 and run it at low speed under no-load to check the overall transmission status of the device. Observe the cooperation status of cam 1 73 with pressure plate 64 and toggle block 47 to confirm that the vertical toggle component and the front and rear toggle component 4 operate smoothly; check the meshing transmission status of bevel gear 1 74 and bevel gear 2 76 to confirm that cam 2 77 and push plate 543 cooperate normally and that the left and right toggle components 5 move synchronously; check the three-dimensional vibration synchronization to ensure that the vertical, front and rear, and left and right vibrations of the slope model 3 under no-load conditions are without lag, sway, or jamming, and that the damping spring 11 has a good buffering effect and no abnormal noise. After debugging, turn off the drive motor 71 and wait for the formal test. During the no-load debugging process, carefully observe the movement of each component and promptly identify and resolve any potential problems.
[0047] S4. Three-dimensional seismic dynamic response simulation test: a1. Turn on the external data acquisition equipment, set the data acquisition frequency, and start the drive motor 71. The drive motor 71 drives the transmission shaft 72 to rotate synchronously. Through the linkage of cam 1 73, bevel gear transmission, and cam 2 77, the vertical toggle component, the front-to-back toggle component 4, and the left-to-right toggle component 5 are driven to move synchronously, so that the slope model 3 achieves synchronous coupled vibration in three directions: vertical, horizontal front-to-back, and horizontal left-to-right, accurately simulating the three-dimensional spatial dynamic action of seismic waves. During the experiment, the data recorded by the data acquisition equipment should be closely monitored to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment.
[0048] S4. Shutdown Reset and Data Processing: After the test, disconnect the power supply to the device, loosen all adjusting rods 549, screws 46, and adjusting bolts 63 to reset all moving components to their initial state. Remove the slope model 3, clean the model mounting box 2 and all components of the device, check for wear and deformation of the device components, and perform maintenance in preparation for subsequent tests. Export all test data recorded by the data acquisition equipment, organize the dynamic response parameters of the slope model 3 under three-dimensional synchronous vibration, and analyze the stress characteristics, deformation laws, and instability mechanisms of the slope under seismic loading based on the slope deformation phenomena recorded during the test. Complete the test data analysis and report writing. During the data processing, professional data analysis software should be used to process and analyze the data to draw accurate conclusions.
[0049] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: The experimental method is standardized and controllable. By independently adjusting the vibration amplitude in each direction, it can adapt to the simulation requirements of different seismic intensities and slope types, offering high experimental flexibility. Utilizing single-power-source three-dimensional synchronous vibration technology, it ensures a high degree of uniformity in vibration phase and frequency, making the experimental conditions closely resemble real earthquake scenarios. The data accuracy and repeatability are far superior to traditional unidirectional / bidirectional experimental methods. The accompanying damping and buffering structure reduces device wear and tear, enabling multiple repeated tests. Operation is simple, requiring no complex debugging, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of indoor slope earthquake simulation tests, and providing a scientific basis for slope seismic resistance mechanism research and seismic design.
[0050] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A three-dimensional experimental device for simulating the dynamic response of an earthquake-prone slope, characterized in that: Includes a frame (1), on which a model mounting box (2) is provided, and a slope model (3) is provided inside the model mounting box (2). The bottom of the slope model (3) is connected to a front-back moving component (4), a left-right moving component (5) and a top-bottom moving component (6). The side wall of the frame (1) is provided with a drive mechanism (7) that drives the front-back moving component (4), the left-right moving component (5) and the top-bottom moving component (6) to reciprocate synchronously.
2. The three-dimensional test device for simulating the dynamic response of an earthquake slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right toggle assembly (5) includes multiple positioning blocks (51) fixedly connected to the bottom of the slope model (3). Positioning columns (52) are fixedly connected to the positioning blocks (51). The length of the positioning columns (52) is parallel to the length direction of the model mounting box (2). Multiple positioning columns (52) are provided. The two ends of the model mounting box (2) are provided with clearance grooves corresponding to the positions of the positioning columns (52). The two ends of the positioning columns (52) extend out of the clearance grooves and are fixedly connected with arc-shaped levers (53). The frame (1) is provided with left and right pusher assemblies (54) at both ends of the model mounting box (2) to push the arc-shaped levers (53) to move. The drive mechanism (7) is used to drive the left and right pusher assemblies (54) to reciprocate.
3. The three-dimensional test device for simulating the dynamic response of an earthquake slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: The left and right pushing components (54) include brackets (541) located at the four corners of the frame (1). Each bracket (541) is slidably connected to a guide post (542). A push plate (543) is fixedly connected to the guide post (542) of one of the brackets (541). The push plate (543) is used to cooperate with the drive mechanism (7). A deflector plate (544) is fixedly connected to one end of each guide post (542). A return spring (544) is sleeved between the guide post (542) and the bracket (541) and the deflector plate (544). 45) The actuating plate (544) is set along the width direction of the model mounting box (2). The actuating plate (544) is provided with a positioning seat (546) at the position corresponding to the positioning post (52). The positioning seat (546) is provided with two limiting plates (547). A V-shaped limiting groove (548) is formed between the two limiting plates (547). The arc-shaped lever (53) extends into the limiting groove (548). An adjusting rod (549) is threadedly connected to the positioning seat (546). The end of the adjusting rod (549) is rotatably connected to the limiting plate (547).
4. The three-dimensional test device for simulating the dynamic response of an earthquake slope according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front and rear actuation assembly (4) includes a connecting post (41) fixedly connected to the bottom of the positioning block (51). The connecting post (41) is perpendicular to the positioning post (52). The two ends of the connecting post (41) extend out of the model mounting box (2). Two guide shafts (42) are slidably connected on the bracket (541). The guide shafts (42) are perpendicular to the guide post (542). The guide posts (542) are fixedly connected to a fixing plate (43) on opposite sides. A return spring (44) is sleeved on the guide shaft (42). The return spring (44) is horizontally set. The two ends of the return spring (44) are fixedly connected to the bracket (541) and the fixing plate (542). On the 43), the fixing plate (43) is set along the length direction of the model mounting box (2). The fixing plate (43) has a receiving groove at the position corresponding to the connecting column (41). Two clamping plates (45) are set in the receiving groove. The clamping plates (45) have an inclined surface on the opposite side. A V-shaped actuating groove is formed between the two clamping plates (45). The end of the connecting column (41) extends into the actuating groove. A screw (46) is rotatably connected to the clamping plate (45). The screw (46) is threaded to the top of the fixing plate (43). Two actuating blocks (47) are fixedly connected to the fixing plate (43). The actuating blocks (47) slide horizontally back and forth under the drive of the driving mechanism (7).
5. The three-dimensional test device for simulating the dynamic response of an earthquake slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical actuation assembly includes multiple mounting columns (61) fixedly connected to the bottom of the slope model (3). The mounting columns (61) are arranged in multiple rows at the bottom of the slope model (3). The mounting columns (61) are arranged vertically in the axial direction. The bottom of the model mounting box (2) is provided with a cavity. The bottom of each row of mounting columns (61) extends into the cavity and is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (62). The two ends of the connecting rod (62) extend out of both sides of the model mounting box (2). The two ends of the connecting rod (62) are threadedly connected to adjusting bolts (63). The top of the adjusting screw (46) is rotatably connected to a pressure plate (64). The pressure plate (64) is located on both sides of the length direction of the model mounting box (2). The driving mechanism (7) is used to drive the pressure plate (64) to move vertically.
6. A three-dimensional test apparatus for simulating the dynamic response of an earthquake slope according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (7) includes a drive motor (71) fixedly connected to the frame (1), a transmission shaft (72) fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor (71), and a cam (73) fixedly connected to the end of the transmission shaft (72). The cam (73) extends above the pressure plate (64) and is located between the two levers (47). A bevel gear 1 (74) is fixedly connected to the drive shaft (72), and a rotating shaft (75) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the frame (1). A bevel gear 2 (76) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft (75). The bevel gear 1 (74) and the bevel gear 2 (76) mesh. A cam 2 (77) is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating shaft (75). The cam 2 (77) abuts against the push plate (543).
7. The three-dimensional test device for simulating the dynamic response of an earthquake slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple shock-absorbing springs (11) are provided between the frame (1) and the model mounting box (2).
8. A method for simulating the dynamic response of a seismic slope using a three-dimensional experimental apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-experiment preparation and model preparation: Determine the geometric parameters of the slope model (3) according to the test objectives, check the overall integrity of the device, confirm that the frame (1), model mounting box (2), each actuating component and drive mechanism (7) are not loose or damaged, install displacement sensors, stress sensors and vibration sensors at the preset monitoring points of the slope model (3), connect various sensors to external data acquisition equipment, and debug the acquisition system; S2. Adjustment of three-dimensional vibration amplitude parameters: a1. Adjustment of left and right vibration amplitude: According to the simulated earthquake intensity and test requirements, rotate the adjustment rod (549) on the positioning seat (546) in the left and right pusher assembly (54) to adjust the relative distance between the two limiting plates (547), change the depth of the V-shaped limiting groove (548), control the lateral displacement stroke of the arc-shaped lever (53) in the limiting groove (548), accurately set the vibration amplitude of the slope model (3) in the horizontal left and right directions, and lock the adjustment rod (549) after adjustment to prevent the limiting plate (547) from shifting during the test. a2. Adjustment of front and rear vibration amplitude: Rotate the screw (46) on the top of the fixed plate (43) to drive the card plate (45) to move synchronously, adjust the depth of the V-shaped shifting groove formed by the two card plates (45), control the horizontal front and rear displacement stroke of the connecting column (41) in the shifting groove, set the vibration amplitude of the slope model (3) in the horizontal front and rear direction, and ensure that the front and rear amplitude matches the test conditions. a3. Vertical vibration amplitude adjustment: Rotate the adjusting bolts (63) at both ends of the connecting rod (62) to adjust the vertical distance between the pressure plate (64) and the connecting rod (62), set the vertical vibration stroke and initial gap of the slope model (3) so that the vertical vibration amplitude matches the horizontal front-back and left-right amplitude and conforms to the three-dimensional component parameters of the target seismic wave. S3. No-load debugging of the three-dimensional experimental device: Start the drive motor (71) of the drive mechanism (7) and run it at low speed under no-load. Check the overall transmission status of the device: Observe the cooperation status of cam one (73) with pressure plate (64) and toggle block (47) to confirm that the vertical toggle component and the front and rear toggle component (4) run smoothly; check the meshing transmission status of bevel gear one (74) and bevel gear two (76) to confirm that cam two (77) and push plate (543) cooperate normally and the left and right toggle components (5) move synchronously; check the three-dimensional vibration synchronization to ensure that the slope model (3) has no lag, no sway, and no jamming in the vertical, front and rear, and left and right vibrations under no-load conditions, and that the damping spring (11) has a good buffering effect and no abnormal noise; after debugging, turn off the drive motor (71) and wait for the formal test. S4. Three-dimensional seismic dynamic response simulation test: a1. Turn on the external data acquisition device, set the data acquisition frequency, start the drive motor (71), the drive motor (71) drives the transmission shaft (72) to rotate synchronously, and through the linkage of cam one (73), bevel gear transmission and cam two (77), synchronously drive the vertical toggle component, the front and rear toggle component (4), and the left and right toggle component (5) to move, so that the slope model (3) can realize the three-dimensional spatial dynamic action of the earthquake wave in the vertical, horizontal front and rear, and horizontal left and right directions. S4. Shutdown Reset and Data Processing: After the test, cut off the power supply to the device, loosen each adjusting rod (549), screw (46) and adjusting bolt (63) to reset each toggle component to its initial state, remove the slope model (3), clean the model mounting box (2) and each component of the device, check whether the device components are worn or deformed, and perform maintenance in preparation for subsequent tests. Export all test data recorded by the data acquisition equipment, organize the dynamic response parameters of the slope model (3) under three-dimensional synchronous vibration, combine the slope deformation phenomena recorded during the test, analyze the stress characteristics, deformation law and instability mechanism of the slope under seismic action, and complete the test data analysis and report writing.