Modular electrical switchboard electrical module

Abstract

Some embodiments relate to a rack module for a rack, the rack module comprising an insert element configured to slide into one of a plurality of receiving compartments of a spine of the rack. The insert element comprises a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact. The first electrical contact is located on a first side of the insert element and is configured to physically contact a first busbar of the spine. The second electrical contact is located on a second side of the insert element opposite the first side. The second electrical contact is configured to contact a second busbar of the spine.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 586,362, “Modular Electrical Panelboard,” filed February 23, 2024, which claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 583,141, “Electrical Panel Construction,” filed September 15, 2023, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 551,192, “Electrical Panel Construction,” filed February 8, 2024, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to modular racks (e.g., modular switchboards) and rack modules (e.g., electrical components) for modular racks. Background Technology

[0003] Continuous power supply will significantly increase demand on power distribution. It is estimated that net distribution capacity in the United States will increase two to three times to support fully renewable energy. Current distribution systems and field-level (e.g., building) wiring are not well-metered and are not easily controlled. They are ill-suited for complex energy management.

[0004] In addition, many electrical panels used in buildings (such as residences) are bulky, expensive, and difficult to install, repair, replace, and upgrade. Attached Figure Description

[0005] The embodiments disclosed herein have other advantages and features, which will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description and the appended claims when considered in conjunction with the examples in the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0006] Figure 1A-1C This is a diagram showing a front view of an exemplary modular power distribution board.

[0007] Figure 2 It is a perspective view of a distribution board with different electrical module arrangements.

[0008] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of an example enclosure for the electrical distribution board.

[0009] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of an example ridge of the distribution board.

[0010] Figure 5A -B is a diagram of an example AC power module.

[0011] Figure 6A-D is the graph for the example branch module.

[0012] Figure 7A -B is a diagram of an example PCM (panel control module).

[0013] Figure 7C This is a perspective view of an example fan module assembled into a PCM.

[0014] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the example gateway module.

[0015] Figure 9A -D is a diagram of the example connector module.

[0016] Figure 9E This is a diagram illustrating an exemplary connector module receiving a compartment in a ridge.

[0017] Figure 9F This is an exploded view of an exemplary connector module.

[0018] Figure 10A This is a front perspective view of the second example ridge of the distribution board.

[0019] Figure 10B This is a diagram of the rear perspective view of the second example ridge of the distribution board.

[0020] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the second example mains power module.

[0021] Figure 12A-12F This is a diagram of an example gateway and PCM.

[0022] Figure 13 Includes illustrations of example mounting locations for the module and example field-installable fasteners.

[0023] Figure 14 This is a diagram of an exemplary hot-pile barb connection for securing L1 / L2 to the ridge.

[0024] Figure 15 This is an image of the sample panel.

[0025] Figure 16 This is a diagram of an example module with several layers of heat dissipation material.

[0026] Figure 17 This is a diagram of an exemplary gap in the ridges of a heat dissipation material.

[0027] Figure 18 This is a diagram of an example panel with a 1.5" receiving compartment.

[0028] Figure 19 It can be used in Figure 18 A diagram of an exemplary connector module in a 1.5" module slot.

[0029] Figure 20 This is a diagram of an example electrical connector claw coupled to a relay.

[0030] Figure 21-22 This is a diagram of an example gap pad that helps with thermal management.

[0031] Figure 23-25 This is a diagram of an example heatsink that helps with thermal management.

[0032] Figure 26 This is a diagram of an example clamp connected to the spike.

[0033] Figure 27-28 This is a diagram showing the closed front of an example branch module.

[0034] Figure 29 This is a diagram of an example indicator on the front of the panel.

[0035] Figure 30 This is a diagram of an example light tube in the branch module.

[0036] Figure 31 This is a diagram of an exemplary light tube structure having fins to guide airflow in an air duct of a branch module.

[0037] Figure 32 This is a diagram of an example heatsink in a branch module.

[0038] Figure 33-35 This is an example of a neutral block on the panel.

[0039] Figure 36 This is a screenshot of the example user interface bar on the panel.

[0040] Figure 37 This is a diagram of an example gateway module and an example receiving compartment on top of the PCM.

[0041] Figures 38-39 This is a diagram of an example antenna in the gateway module.

[0042] Figure 40 This is a diagram of an example antenna in the gateway module of the panel.

[0043] Figure 41 This is a diagram of an example PCM module.

[0044] Figure 42 This is a diagram showing an example configuration of the main circuit breaker and microgrid interconnection devices (MIDs).

[0045] Figure 43 This is a diagram of an example electrical distribution board.

[0046] Figure 44-45 is a diagram of an example heatsink arrangement.

[0047] Figure 46 Example closed front surface panel shown Detailed Implementation

[0048] The accompanying drawings and the following description relate to preferred embodiments by way of example only. It should be noted that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods disclosed herein will readily be considered as feasible replacements from the following discussion, which may be adopted without departing from the claimed principles. introduction

[0049] As previously mentioned, traditional switchboards on buildings (e.g., residential buildings) are bulky, costly, and difficult to install, repair, replace, and upgrade. The following sections describe modular switchboards with modular electrical components (also known as “electrical modules,” “rack modules,” “modules,” or “switchboard components”). These offer numerous advantages to installers and building owners: (1) The size of modular switchboards can be adjusted to suit the usage requirements of each building. For example, if a building uses only 16 branch circuits, the panel can accommodate only 16 branch circuits (e.g., instead of more circuits on a traditional pre-installed panel), saving money for the building owner. Furthermore, installers no longer need to guess which components a given building requires before arriving at the installation site. (2) Modular electrical components can be installed on many different types of switchboards (e.g., for different application setups). (3) Modular electrical components can be mass-produced (because the same set of modules can be installed on many different types of switchboards). (4) Individual modular electrical components are easily accessible and can be easily replaced on-site without requiring installers to remove most of the panel (e.g., without removing adjacent modules). (5) Modular electrical components on the switchboard can be upgraded individually (e.g., with additional functionality) without replacing or upgrading the entire switchboard (or a large portion of the switchboard). Examples of modular switchboards and modular electrical components that provide one or more of the above advantages are further described below. Example modular power distribution board

[0050] Figure 1A -1D is a diagram showing a front view of a physical embodiment of the modular power distribution board 100. Figure 1A This is the end-user view of panel 100. In the end-user view, most electrical components are physically inaccessible because they are concealed within enclosure 175, below enclosed front panel 180, and below modular enclosed front panel 185 (although the main circuit breaker switch 183 and the switch for the three overcurrent circuit breakers 187 are accessible). Figure 1BThis is a view of the distribution panel 100, in which the closed front panel 180 has been removed, and many modular closed front panels 185 have been removed. Figure 1B Various electrical component modules installed in the spine 400 are shown. Figure 1C Similar to Figure 1B In addition to the removal of the door to enclosure 175 and the addition of a label to the electrical module, specifically, in Figure 1C In the example, panel 100 includes (from top to bottom) mains module 500, five branch modules (labeled 600A-E), panel control module (PCM) 700 and gateway module 800.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of a distribution board 100 with a different electrical module arrangement (and without a closed front 180). Specifically, in Figure 2 In the example, panel 100 includes (from top to bottom) mains module 500, branch modules 600A-B, empty module receiving compartment 205, branch module 600C, PCM700 and gateway module 800. Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the enclosure 175, which is isolated from the spine and electrical modules.

[0052] Although the description herein is generally in the context of switchboard 100, it generally applies to racks that can receive modules, and more specifically to other types of switchboards adapted to the different electrical needs of different buildings (e.g., the size of the panel and the number of modules may differ). In the first example, the smaller panel includes three receiving compartments: a top receiving compartment with mains module 500, an intermediate receiving compartment with branch module 600, and a bottom receiving compartment with PCM module 700. In the second example, the panel includes a top receiving compartment with terminal block modules (described with reference to FIG. 9), three intermediate receiving compartments with branch module 600, and a bottom receiving compartment with PCM module 700.

[0053] The following describes the Ridge 400 and its various electrical modules in more detail. Example spine

[0054] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the ridge 400 of the distribution board 100. The ridge 400 can be mounted into the housing 175 via a mounting tab 439. The mounting tab 439 includes a keyhole feature that can receive fasteners. The mounting tab 439 allows the ridge 400 to be easily placed into and removed from the housing 175. Among other advantages, the ridge 400 can be installed upside down (e.g., around...). Figure 4 The x-axis is rotated 180 degrees. This allows the ridge 400 to be mounted such that the feeder terminals ( Figure 4 (Not shown in the image) faces the feed line, regardless of whether the feed line is at the top or bottom of the enclosure (along the z-axis).

[0055] In some embodiments, the total weight of the spine 400 with the module mounted in the receiving compartment is fifty pounds or less, allowing a single person (instead of two or more) to install the spine 400 and the module into the enclosure 175, thus reducing installation costs.

[0056] Among other advantages, ridge 400 includes a receiving compartment (e.g., 437) for receiving different modular electrical components. The receiving compartment may also be referred to herein as a “slot” or “module slot.” The receiving compartment (e.g., 437) allows different types of electrical modules (e.g., branch modules or mains modules) to be mounted on the distribution panel 100 to suit the building’s needs. In other words, electrical modules (e.g., mains modules) in the receiving compartment can be removed and replaced with different types of electrical modules (e.g., branch modules). The receiving compartment is formed by a spiral wall; busbars 413, 415; and a guide structure (e.g., 433) as further described below. Note that ridge 400 may include more than Figure 4 The number of receiving compartments may be more or less.

[0057] Ridge 400 includes a rear panel 411 and walls 407, 421, 409, 425, which rise from edges 419, 423, 417, 427 of the rear panel 411 (in the +x direction) and extend along their respective edges. For example, wall 407 rises from edge 419 and extends along edge 419. Similarly, wall 409 rises from edge 417 (on the opposite side forming ridge 400).

[0058] Although many receiver compartments of the Ridge 400 have the same size (or substantially the same size, i.e., within 10% of each other), the ridge can include receiver compartments of different sizes to accommodate modules of different sizes. For example, along the z-axis, the ridge can include any combination of 1.5-inch, 2-inch, 4-inch, and 8-inch receiver compartments. Furthermore, in Figure 4 In the example, the width of ridge 400 (along the y-axis) increases at the bottom. This creates a wider receiving compartment (relative to other receiving compartments), thus enabling ridge 400 to receive wider switchboard components (e.g., PCM module 700) that would otherwise be unable to be installed in other receiving compartments (e.g., 437). Among other advantages, the wider receiving compartment further enhances the customizability of switchboard 100.

[0059] Ridge 400 includes two rectangular busbars 413, 415 within a cavity formed by the walls (in other words, busbars 413, 415 are between the walls of ridge 400). Busbars 413, 415 are L1 and L2 busbars. Busbars 413, 415 are coupled (e.g., fastened or secured) to rear panel 411 (e.g., by heat fusion, snap-fit ​​features, or fasteners). Busbars 413, 415 are located in the corner formed by rear panel 411 and walls 407, 421, 409, 425 (however, this is not necessary). Along the y-axis, busbars 413, 415 are spaced apart from each other and located on opposite sides of ridge 400. Along the z-axis, busbars 413, 415 extend along the length of ridge 400. More specifically, each busbar extends from wall 421 to wall 427 (however, the busbars do not need to extend the entire length of ridge 400). Therefore, in Figure 4 In the example, busbars 413 and 415 are located on opposite sides (along the y-axis) of the receiving compartment 437. The presence of two busbars 413 and 415 in the receiving compartment allows the switchboard components (within the receiving compartment) to be electrically coupled to the two busbars 413 and 415. It is worth noting that... Figure 4 The example of the confluence strip does not include the barbs.

[0060] Ridge 400 includes rectangular busbars 429, 431 coupled to the top surfaces of walls 407 and 409 (e.g., by heat fusion, snap-fit ​​features, or fasteners). One of these busbars (e.g., 429) may be a neutral busbar, while the other (e.g., 431) may be a ground busbar.

[0061] Ridge 400 includes multiple guide structures (e.g., 433). These guide structures may also be referred to herein as “mounting structures” or “module guides.” The guide structures engage with the modular electrical components as they are placed into the receiving compartments of the ridge and prevent modular switchboard components in the receiving compartments from sliding into adjacent receiving compartments (e.g., before the modules are secured to the busbar). More specifically, the guide structures engage with track recesses (also referred to as “guide slots”) (e.g., on the outer surface) of the modular switchboard components, as further described below.

[0062] The guide structure may be a fin or tab extending from the inner surfaces of walls 407 and 409. As a specific example, guide structure 433 rises from the inner surface of wall 407 and extends toward the inner surface of wall 409 opposite to wall 407 (in this document, "inside" is relative to the cavity of ridge 400). Each receiving compartment includes a collection of one or more (e.g., four) guide structures (e.g., at the corners of the receiving compartment). Figure 4 In the example, the guide structure on wall 407 (along the z-axis) and the guide structure on wall 409 ( Figure 4 Alignment (not shown in the image).

[0063] Installing the electrical module may include placing (e.g., sliding) the module in the receiving compartment and securing the module to the receiving compartment (e.g., such that the components are held fixed to and electrically coupled to the two busbars). The module can be secured to the ridge 400 using fasteners (e.g., bolts, screws, push nuts, other snap-fit ​​engagements, or any combination thereof), which improves heat dissipation. Therefore, in Figure 4 In the example, busbars 413, 415 include a set of holes for each receiving compartment (to receive fasteners (e.g., bolts or screws)), allowing modules to be directly secured to busbars 413, 415. Although in Figure 4 In the example, busbars 413 and 415 have holes, but in other embodiments, one or more holes are located elsewhere, such as in the rear panel 411 between busbars 413 and 415. The holes may have standard and repeating hole patterns corresponding to the location of the receiving compartment, so that different modules can be secured to these busbars regardless of which receiving compartment they are placed in.

[0064] However, the electrical module can be secured to the busbar of ridge 400 via other mechanisms, such as spring-loaded clamps. For example, the electrical module and ridge 400 include clamping mechanisms configured to engage with each other when the module is placed in a receiving compartment. In a more specific example, the electrical module includes clamping mechanisms on one or both sides that engage with the sides of ridge 400 (e.g., walls 407 and / or 409). Alternatively or additionally, one or both sides of the module include protrusions configured to engage with clamping mechanisms on ridge 400 (e.g., at a wall). In another example, the electrical module can be secured to the busbar of ridge 400 via a magnetic connection, such as via magnets fixed (e.g., embedded) in the module and ridge. In some embodiments, the electrical module is electrically connected to the busbar of ridge 400 via one or more spring pins.

[0065] In some embodiments, the modules in the receiving compartment can be independently powered and communicate with each other. To achieve this, wired connections can be installed between the modules to provide DC voltage and signals (e.g., via a CAN bus interface, etc.) (the connections can carry 3.3V or 5V). Therefore, one or more sidewalls (407 and 409) may include receiving compartments (e.g., 435) with wires connected to them aligned with one or more holes (or “cavities”) (e.g., 435) (e.g., each receiving compartment may include at least one corresponding hole in the sidewall). Among other advantages, these sidewall holes (e.g., 435) facilitate the installation of wired connections.

[0066] Figures 10A-10B This is a diagram of the second example ridge 1000 of the distribution board 100. For simplicity, Figures 10A-10BThe labels for the components used in the spine 1000 have been omitted.

[0067] Despite the above regarding Figure 4 and 10A The description of -10B describes many features, but the ridge does not need to include all of them. For example, some ridge embodiments may not include: holes (for mounting modules) for one or both of the four walls 407, 409, 421, 425; guide structure 433; mounting tab 439; busbars 413, 415; or any combination thereof. Example AC power module

[0068] In some embodiments, the switchboard 100 includes a mains module 500. The mains module 500 is a modular switchboard component that can be installed into one (e.g., multiple) of the receiving compartments of the ridge 400 (however, in practice, the mains module 500 can be installed into one of the top receiving compartments of the ridge to couple to the feeder). Figure 5A -B (collectively referred to as "Figure 5") is a diagram of the example mains power module 500. Specifically, Figure 5A This is a perspective view showing the front of an example mains power module 500. Figure 5B This is a perspective view of the mains power module 500, showing the back of the module 500 (attached to the spine 400).

[0069] The mains module 500 may include a main circuit breaker, a MID (microgrid interconnection device), or some combination thereof (e.g., without a main circuit breaker and without a MID) of the panel 100. In the example of Figure 5, the mains module includes a main circuit breaker and a MID (e.g., see...). Figure 5A (Switches 511 and 513 in the diagram). The mains module 500 can provide a location for connecting the main feeder to panel 100 (and thus supplying power to busbars 413, 415), providing overcurrent protection and / or disconnection. The mains module 500 can be rated for up to 200 amps. If the mains module 500 includes a MID, the MID allows panel 100 to isolate itself from the power grid.

[0070] The mains module 500 includes a receiving element 501 (also referred to as an "insertion element"). The receiving element 501 is a container or box shaped to slide into a module receiving compartment (e.g., one of a plurality of receiving compartments) of the ridge 400 and is secured to a busbar within the receiving compartment. The receiving element 501 includes a first portion 505 on a first side of the receiving element 501, a second portion 507 on a second side of the receiving element 501 (e.g., on the opposite side (along the y-axis)), and an intermediate portion 508 between the first and second portions. The first portion 505 receives and is directly coupled to a first busbar (e.g., 415). Similarly, the second portion 507 receives and is directly coupled to a second busbar (e.g., 413). Since busbars 413, 415 can pass through the receiving compartment, the first and second portions can extend along the length of the mains module 500 (along the z-axis) to accommodate each busbar.

[0071] Part 505 includes a metallic electrical contact (also referred to as a “busbar contact”) 510, and Part 507 includes an electrical contact 512. The two contacts 510 and 512 physically contact the busbar of the ridge 400 (when the module 500 is in the receiving compartment).

[0072] As previously described, a module (e.g., mains module 500) can be secured to the ridge 400 (busbar) using fasteners (e.g., bolts or screws). Therefore, receiving elements 501 (e.g., first and second portions) may include a set of holes for receiving fasteners (e.g., bolts or screws). See, for example, [link to previous section]. Figure 5A and 5B Holes 540 and 542 in the receiving element 501. The holes may have a pattern or arrangement on the receiving element 501 that matches the hole pattern of the busbar (e.g., a standard).

[0073] The receiving element 501 includes an intermediate portion 508 between the first portion 505 and the second portion 507. Figure 5A and 5B In the example, the intermediate portion 508 extends further along the x-direction than the first portion 505 and the second portion 507. Therefore, when the receiving element 501 is in the receiving compartment, the intermediate portion 508 engages with the gap between the busbars 413, 415. Figure 5BIn the example, the intermediate portion 508 includes a panel 521 (e.g., aluminum) to increase heat dissipation during operation of the panel 100. The intermediate portion 508 also includes an air duct 523. The air duct 523 allows air to pass through the internal components of the mains module 500 to further improve thermal management. Other modules may include similar air ducts such that, when mounted on the panel, the air ducts of each module are aligned with each other to form a long airflow channel along the panel 100, thereby contributing to the thermal management of the panel 100. The fan module 749 in the PCM 700 can generate airflow through the module's air ducts (the fan module will be referred to in the reference section). Figure 7C (Further description). In some embodiments, the electrical module with air ducts includes one or more fins inside the module to guide airflow within the module (e.g., to specific internal components of the module). The fan fins that guide air from a fan into the module may be referred to as a pressure chamber.

[0074] The receiving element 501 also includes a track recess (e.g., 509) extending along the sliding direction of the receiving compartment (which is along the x-axis in the figure). As shown, the track recess 509 is located on the outer surface of the receiving element 501 (however, this is not required). The track recess 509 is configured to engage with a guide structure (e.g., 433) of the ridge 400 to (a) guide the placement of the mains module 500 into the modular field and to retain the mains module 500 in the receiving compartment after placement. Thus, the receiving element 501 may include one or more track recesses (e.g., four) aligned with an arrangement of one or more guide structures in the receiving compartment. In the example of the mains module 500, the receiving element 501 includes track recesses at the corners of the receiving element 501.

[0075] Although not shown in Figure 5, receiving element 501 may include a port for wired connection. The port is located on one side parallel to the xz plane. When receiving element 501 is in the receiving compartment of ridge 400, the port is on the side of receiving element 501 facing wall 407 and aligned with a hole (e.g., 435), which allows the installer to connect a wire to the port to establish a connection. As previously described, the wired connection can provide DC voltage and signals (e.g., via a CAN bus interface, etc.) to and / or from module 500.

[0076] Figure 11 This is a diagram of the second example mains power module 1100 of the distribution board 100. For simplicity, Figure 11 The component designations for the AC power module 1100 are omitted. Example branch module

[0077] In some embodiments, the distribution panel 100 includes branch modules (e.g., 600). A branch module (e.g., 600) is a modular distribution panel component that can be installed into one (e.g., multiple) of the receiving compartments of the ridge 400. Since a building (e.g., a residential building) may include a large number of circuits, the panel may include multiple branch modules 600 to meet the building's intended electrical needs. Figure 6A -D (collectively referred to as "Figure 6") is a diagram of the example branch module 600. Specifically, Figure 6A This is a perspective view showing the front of the branch module 600. Figure 6B Similar to Figure 6A In addition to the branch module 600, it also includes a modular closed front panel 185. Figure 6C This is a perspective view of branch module 600, showing the back of the module (attached to spine 400).

[0078] A branch module (e.g., 600) is configured to manage a set of electrical branch circuits within the building's overall electrical system, where each branch circuit corresponds to a circuit within the building. For example, the branch module distributes power from busbars (e.g., 413, 415) to the branch circuits.

[0079] Similar to the receiving element 501 of the mains module 500, the receiving element 601 of the branch module 600 includes a first part 605, an intermediate part 608, a second part 607, a track recess (e.g., 609), a port (not shown) for wired connection, and an air duct 623, all having similar mechanical configurations and functions. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, a description of these components is omitted. The receiving element 609 also includes electrical contacts 610, 612 and holes 642, 640 located at the first portion 605 and the second portion 607 (similar to receiving element 501). However, unlike receiving element 501, receiving element 609 includes two electrical contacts 610A, 610B and two holes 642A, 642B located at the first portion 605, and two electrical contacts 612A, 612B and two holes 640A, 640B located at the second portion 607 (a total of four electrical contacts for contacting the busbar of ridge 400, and a total of four holes for receiving fasteners that secure the contacts to the busbar). Similar to receiving element 501, the holes of receiving element 601 may have a pattern that matches the hole pattern of the busbar (e.g., a standard pattern).

[0080] An exemplary branch module 600 includes eight switching circuit branches (however, there may be more or fewer circuits for a branch module). Each circuit branch includes a tab (e.g., tab 611) that can engage with an overcurrent circuit breaker mounted on the branch module 600. In some embodiments, the branch module 600 is rated up to 200 amps. The branch module 600 may include additional branch circuit functionality for each circuit branch, such as current or voltage sensing, AFCI protection, light (e.g., LED) indication, or some combination thereof.

[0081] The modular enclosed front panel 185 provides a safe interface for homeowners. Additionally, when a circuit breaker is installed on module 600, panels 185 can be individually removed (e.g., broken off) and removed from branch module 600 to accommodate additional overcurrent circuit breakers.

[0082] Branch module 600 includes a bracket 613 that protrudes from a top surface to contact a neutral busbar (e.g., 429) on a ridge (e.g., to enable current or voltage metering). The bracket 613 can be bolted to the neutral busbar.

[0083] Branch module 600 includes an indicator (e.g., indicator 613) for each branch of the switching circuit. Each indicator includes a light source (e.g., an LED) located in branch module 600 and a light tube for directing light from the light source to the external environment. Each indicator can illuminate a light to indicate the status of a relay (e.g., an electrically operated switch) in the associated circuit branch (e.g., a green light indicates the relay is closed). Figure 6B As shown, the indicator is visible through the closed front. Therefore, the indicator allows the user to easily and quickly determine the status of each relay in each branch module. Note that in... Figure 1A-2 An indicator is also shown in the image.

[0084] Figure 6D This is the exploded view of branch module 600. Figure 6D The description includes components within branch module 600, such as PCB 650 (printed circuit board) and relays (e.g., 652). Branch module 600 includes individually controllable relays for each branch circuit. Branch module 600 also includes a current sensor for each branch module. Figure 6D (Unmarked in the text). PCB650 can receive current sensor signals from a current sensor and control relays based on the received signals. A single PCB offers the technical advantage of reduced processor redundancy (compared to separate PCBs for each branch circuit) and allows for more advanced functions. Figure 6DIn the example: (a) the plane of PCB650 is substantially parallel to the rear panel 411 (e.g., within 5 degrees), (b) the relay is below the PCB (along the x-axis), and (c) the spike passes through a hole in PCB650. However, other branch modules do not need to include all of these components and features (other branch modules may include any combination of these components and / or features).

[0085] like Figure 6D As shown, the enclosed front portion of a branch module (e.g., 600) of a distribution board (e.g., 100) may include: a first panel 658, a first set of 660 modular panels (each panel individually labeled 185), a second set of 662 modular panels (each panel individually labeled 185), or any combination thereof. The first panel 658 may extend along the z-axis (e.g., along the entire z-length of the branch module). Modular panels 185 may be aligned with slots configured to receive overcurrent circuit breakers (e.g., aligned with spikes). Therefore, modular panels 185 can be individually removed to add more overcurrent circuit breakers to the branch module (e.g., to increase the number of branch circuits managed by 600).

[0086] Modular panel 185 may include tabs (e.g., 654) to help secure panel 185. The tabs may engage with the closed front panel 180 of panel 100 (e.g., the tabs are positioned behind the closed front panel 180). This helps prevent a user (e.g., a homeowner) from pulling panel 185 outwards (in the +x direction). Modular panel 185 may additionally or optionally include support structures (e.g., 656), such as posts, columns, or supports, to help secure panel 185. The support structure extends downwards (in the -x direction) from the bottom surface of panel 185 and may contact the top surface of the branch module (the surface where an overcurrent circuit breaker would otherwise be placed). The support structure helps prevent a homeowner from removing panel 185 by pressing the panel inwards (in the -x direction).

[0087] The closed front portion of the branch module can be coupled to the branch module via hole 664 and fasteners (e.g., screws) that engage with the corresponding hole 666 of the branch module. The underside of the first panel 658 can also be shaped to engage with the top lifting structure of the branch module (e.g., the end of a light indicator (e.g., 613)). Note that the first panel 658 also includes a smaller hole (not labeled) that allows light from the indicator (e.g., 613) to propagate into the external environment. Example PCM (Panel Control Module)

[0088] In some embodiments, the distribution board 100 includes a PCM (panel control module) 700. The PCM 700 is a modular electrical component that can be installed in the receiving compartment of the ridge 400. Because the exemplary PCM 700 is wider than other modules, the PCM 700 can be installed on the wide receiving compartment (at the bottom) of the ridge 400. Figure 7A -B (collectively referred to as "Figure 7") is a diagram of the example PCM (Panel Control Module) 700. Figure 7A This is a perspective view of the PCM700, showing the front of the module 700. Figure 7B This is a perspective view of the PCM700, showing the back of module 700 (attached to spine 400).

[0089] Typically, the PCM700 manages the control of the distribution panel 100. For example, the PCM700 performs calculations (e.g., for power-on functions) and supplies power to other modules on the panel 100. The PCM700 includes a user interface (UI) bar 745 that provides users (e.g., homeowners) with the ability to read the status of the panel 100 and interact with and control the panel 100.

[0090] As mentioned earlier, the PCM700 includes fan module 749. Figure 7C This is a transparent perspective view of an example fan module 749 installed in the PCM700. The fan module 749 includes two fans that generate airflow through air ducts 723 to increase heat dissipation across the entire panel 100.

[0091] Similar to receiver elements 501 and 601, receiver element 701 of PCM700 includes a first part 705, an intermediate part 708, a second part 707, an air duct 723, electrical contacts 710 and 712, ports for wired connection, and holes 742A-B and 740A-B (note that in...) Figure 7B (The bolts are in holes 740A-B and 742A-B). Therefore, for the sake of brevity, the description of these parts is omitted. That is to say, note that the PCM700 does not include the track recess, because the shape of the PCM700 allows it to slide into the wide receiving compartment of the ridge 400. Example gateway module

[0092] In some embodiments, panel 100 includes a gateway module coupled to PCM700. Figure 8This is a perspective view of an example gateway module 800. Gateway module 800 can be a site controller for a building (e.g., a residence). If the building includes multiple panels, gateway module 800 can receive and aggregate data from multiple panels and determine control decisions and reports within the building (therefore, a building with multiple panels can use only a single gateway module). For example, gateway module 800 determines a power-on decision and can send panel reports to a cloud server (awaiting user permission). Gateway module 800 may include computer components associated with the above functions, such as a set of processors, computer-readable media, and antennas.

[0093] The gateway module 800 can be inserted, snapped, or otherwise connected to the receiving compartment on the PCM700 (e.g., Figures 12A-12E In the receiving compartment 1210 of the gateway module 800. For example, the gateway module 800 is held in the receiving compartment by a snap-fit ​​feature that engages and / or engages with a recess (e.g., recess 1215, also called a notch) formed by the housing (also called the enclosure) of the gateway module 800. The snap-fit ​​feature may include a protrusion (e.g., 1221) with teeth (e.g., 1220) that engage / match with the recess. The angle of the tooth edge can be configured such that the snap-fit ​​feature holds the gateway module 800 in place, but a user can remove the gateway module 800 from the panel 100 by applying (e.g., appropriate) pulling force to the gateway module 800. For example, the angle of the tooth edge is an obtuse angle.

[0094] Features of the gateway housing and / or receiver compartment can control the path of the gateway module 800 into and out of the receiver compartment. For example, the receiver compartment includes curved ribs (e.g., ribs 1230 and 1225) on both sides of the gateway module 800, which engage and / or mate with recesses (e.g., recesses 1235 and 1240) on the sides of the gateway module 800 having curved edges. See, for example, [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 12C and 12F In the example, to remove the gateway module 800 from compartment 1210, the surface of the gateway module 800 having the recess 1215 rotates away from compartment 1210. More specifically, due to the curvature of the rib 1230 engaging with the recess 1235 and the curvature of the rib 1225 engaging with the recess 1240, the gateway module 800 pivots about its bottom side (e.g., the side with the cable port, which is on the side opposite the recess 1215). After pivoting, the gateway module 800 can be removed from compartment 1210. Figure 12ATwo figures are included illustrating the removal of gateway module 800 from the distribution board (after rotation pivot). Among other advantages, these features allow the user to remove gateway module 800 and replace the cables configured to be connected to gateway module 800. For example, the receiving compartment is arranged such that cables do not fall into the unit, and the gateway's path is such that it does not result in cable interruption. In some embodiments, compartment 1210 includes a curved recess, and gateway module 800 includes curved ribs. Example connector module

[0095] In some embodiments, the switchboard 100 includes a connector module 900. The connector module 900 is a modular switchboard component that can be installed into one (e.g., several) receiving compartments of the ridge 400. Figure 9A -D and 9F are diagrams of an example connector module 900. Specifically, Figure 9A This is a perspective view of the connector module 900, showing the front of the connector module 900. Figure 9B This is a perspective view of the connector module 900, showing the back of the connector module 900 (attached to the ridge 400). Figure 9C This is a side view of the connector module 900. Figure 9D This is the front view of the connector module 900. Figure 9F This is an exploded view of the connector module 900. Figure 9E This is a diagram illustrating an exemplary connector module receiving compartment 937A-B of ridge 400. Note that... Figure 9A -F can be collectively referred to as Figure 9.

[0096] When the panel does not include the mains module 500, the panel 100 may include a connector module 900. The connector module 900 supplies power from the feeder to the busbars 413, 415. For this purpose, the connector module 900 may be mounted in the top receiving compartment 937A or the bottom receiving compartment 937B of the ridge 400. Since the connector module 900 is generally smaller (along the z-axis) than other modules (e.g., branch module 600), the receiving compartments 937A-B may be smaller (along the z-axis) to accommodate the connector module. The connector module 900 includes terminals 947 for the feeder and electrical contacts 910, 912 for supplying power to the busbars 413, 415. In some embodiments, the connector module 900 advantageously includes an integrated current sensor (e.g., current transformers 953, 955). The CT lead 967 can transmit current measurement data from current transformers 953 and 955 to other components (e.g., to the PCM module), which allows the terminal block module 900 to provide additional functions, such as power-on functionality. The terminal block module 900 can be rated up to 200 amps.

[0097] Similar to receiving elements 501 and 601, the receiving element 901 of the connector module 900 includes a first portion 905, an intermediate portion 908, a second portion 907, a track recess (e.g., 909), electrical contacts 910, 912 (two in total), and holes 942, 940 (two in total) having similar mechanical configuration and function. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, a description of these components is omitted.

[0098] Figure 9F The various components of the connector module 900 are shown. The housing components include a bottom housing 958, a top housing 961, side housings 959 and 963, and a bottom housing 958. The internal components of the connector module 900 include a connector 951 (with an auxiliary port 957), current transformers 955 and 953, and contacts 910 and 912. The connector 951 receives the feed line (placed in terminal 947). The connector 951 helps secure the feed line to maintain electrical connection with the distribution board 100. Figure 9F In the example, the connector has a housing in which the end of the feeder is inserted and secured (e.g., by screws). The auxiliary port 957 of connector 951 includes a smaller housing (arranged in the same direction as the main housing) that can receive additional wires. These additional wires can be secured to the auxiliary port 957 by tightening screws (not shown in Figure 9) on the side of the connector. Among other advantages, the auxiliary port 957 allows a user (e.g., a technician) to electrically connect the busbar (e.g., without removing the module of panel 100). For example, a technician can install surge protection devices by inserting the corresponding wires of the device into the auxiliary port 957.

[0099] Although the above description of the modules in Figures 5-7 and 9 describes many features, the electrical module does not need to include all of them. For example, some electrical module embodiments may not include: a first portion (e.g., 505), a second portion (e.g., 507), an intermediate portion (e.g., 508), holes (e.g., 540, 542), track recesses (e.g., 509), contacts (e.g., 510, 512), or some combination thereof. Additional ridge examples

[0100] Although Figure 4 Example 400 is provided and Figures 10A-10B A second example ridge 1000 is provided, but the following paragraphs describe additional example ridges. The ridges described below may be omitted. Figure 4 and 10A The features shown in -10B and / or including, in addition to Figure 4 and 10A In addition to the features shown in -10B or as Figure 4 and 10A Alternative features to the features shown in -10B.

[0101] In some embodiments, the ridge (e.g., 400, 1000) of a rack (e.g., distribution board 100) includes a receiving compartment (e.g., 437) configured to receive rack modules (e.g., 500, 600, 700, 900, 1100). Each receiving compartment is formed by: (a) a portion of a panel (e.g., 411); (b) a portion of a wall (e.g., 407) that rises from and extends along a first edge (e.g., 419) of the panel; (c) portions of two busbars spaced apart from each other and fixed to the panel (e.g., 413, 415); and (d) a guide structure (e.g., 433) extending from the surface of the first wall. The guide structure (a) engages with the rack module and (b) prevents the received rack module from sliding into an adjacent receiving compartment.

[0102] In some embodiments, the ridge (e.g., 400, 1000) of a rack (e.g., distribution board 100) includes: (a) a rear panel (e.g., 411); (b) a sidewall (e.g., 435) extending from an edge (e.g., 419) of the rear panel; (c) two busbars (e.g., 413, 415) spaced apart from each other, fixed to the rear panel and extending parallel to the sidewalls; and (d) a guide structure (e.g., 433) extending from the sidewalls and / or at a fixed position relative to the busbars. The guide structure defines a receiving compartment (e.g., 437) for attaching rack modules (e.g., 500, 600, 700, 900, 1100) across the two busbars, and the receiving compartment is configured for field installation of the rack modules.

[0103] In some embodiments, the ridge (e.g., 400, 1000) of the rack (e.g., distribution board 100) includes: (a) a rear panel (e.g., 411); (b) two busbars spaced apart from each other (e.g., 413, 415) fixed to the rear panel and extending parallel to the sidewalls; and (d) a guide structure (e.g., 433) located in a fixed position relative to the busbars. The guide structure defines a receiving compartment (e.g., 437) for attaching rack modules (e.g., 500, 600, 700, 900, 1100) across the two busbars, and the receiving compartment is configured for field installation of the rack modules.

[0104] In some embodiments, the ridge (e.g., 400, 1000) of a rack (e.g., distribution board 100) includes: (a) a rear panel (e.g., 411); (b) a sidewall (e.g., 435) extending from an edge (e.g., 419) of the rear panel; (c) two busbars (e.g., 413, 415) spaced apart from each other, which are attached to the rear panel and extend parallel to the sidewalls; and (d) a guide structure (e.g., 433) extending from the sidewalls. The guide structure defines a receiving compartment (e.g., 437) for attaching rack modules (e.g., 500, 600, 700, 900, 1100) across the two busbars. The receiving compartment is used for field mounting of the rack modules. For each receiving compartment: the two busbars include a hole pattern for attaching the rack module to the two busbars, and the sidewall includes an opening (e.g., 435) for allowing electrical connections to provide data and / or power to the rack modules to pass through.

[0105] In some embodiments, the ridge (e.g., 400, 1000) of the rack (e.g., distribution board 100) includes: (a) a rear panel (e.g., 411); (b) two busbars spaced apart from each other and fixed to the rear panel (e.g., 413, 415), each busbar including holes along its length and aligned with holes on the other busbar, wherein a set of aligned holes is configured to receive a plurality of fasteners (e.g., bolts) that maintain physical contact between the rack module and the busbars; and (c) a wall (e.g., 407) rising from and extending along a first edge (e.g., 419) of the rear panel. The wall includes cavities (e.g., 435) spaced apart along its length relative to the locations of the holes in the busbars.

[0106] In some embodiments, one or more (e.g., each) receiving compartments are additionally formed by a portion of a second wall (e.g., 409) that rises from and extends along a second edge of the panel (e.g., 417). Each receiving compartment may additionally be formed by one or more guide structures (e.g., 407) extending from the surface of the second wall facing the first wall.

[0107] The ridge (e.g., 400, 1000) may further include a neutral busbar (e.g., 429) or a grounding busbar (e.g., 431) fixed to the top surface of the wall (e.g., 407 or 409).

[0108] These guide structures can be configured to engage with the outer surface of the rack module (e.g., the outer surface of the receiving element). For example, the guide structures are configured to engage with the track recesses (e.g., 509, 609, 909) of the rack module. Additional module examples

[0109] The following paragraphs provide additional descriptions of the example modules. The modules described below may omit features referenced to Figures 5-7, 9, and 11 and / or include features other than those referenced to Figures 5-7, 9, and 11 or features that are alternatives to those referenced to Figures 5-7, 9, and 11.

[0110] In some embodiments, rack modules (e.g., 500, 600, 700, 900, 1100) for a rack (e.g., modular distribution board 100) include insertion elements (e.g., 501, 601, 701, 901) configured to slide into one of a plurality of receiving compartments (e.g., 437) of a ridge (e.g., 400 or 1000) of the rack. The insertion element includes: a first electrical contact (e.g., 510, 610, 910), a first hole (e.g., 542, 642, 942), a second electrical contact (e.g., 512, 612, 912), and a second hole (e.g., 540, 640, 940). The first contact is on a first side of the insertion element (e.g., on a first portion 505, 605, 905) and is configured to physically contact a first busbar (e.g., 413) of the ridge. A first hole is located on a first side of the insert element and can be configured to receive a first fastener (e.g., a bolt or screw) for maintaining the first electrical contact in physical contact with the first busbar. A second electrical contact is located on a second side of the insert element opposite to the first side (e.g., on second portions 507, 607, 907). The second electrical contact is configured to contact a ridge of a second busbar (e.g., 415). A second hole is located on a second side of the insert element and is configured to receive a second fastener (e.g., a bolt or screw) for maintaining the second electrical contact in physical contact with the second busbar.

[0111] In some embodiments, rack modules (e.g., 500, 600, 700, 900, 1100) are configured for mounting at any one of a plurality of receive compartments (e.g., 437) on a ridge (e.g., 400 or 1000) of a rack (e.g., 100). The ridge includes two busbars (e.g., 413, 415). The rack module includes two busbar contacts (e.g., 510, 512) and a port. The busbar contacts are located at the bottom of the rack module (e.g., at receive elements 501, 601, 901), wherein each of the two busbar contacts is in physical contact with a corresponding busbar of the ridge, and the busbar contacts and busbars have (e.g., standard and / or repeating) hole patterns for attaching the rack module to the ridge at the receive compartment. The port is used to attach data and / or power connections to the rack module. After the rack module is attached to the ridge (e.g., via a hole (e.g., 435) in wall 407), the port can be accessed. In some embodiments (e.g., when the rack module is a branch module (e.g., 600)), the rack module includes attachment points (e.g., spikes 611) for (e.g., eight) branch circuits, wherein the rack module distributes power from the busbar to the branch circuits. Additional description in exemplary embodiments section I

[0112] Other example embodiments include:

[0113] Clause 1. A rack module for a rack, the rack module comprising: an insertion element configured to slide into one of a plurality of receiving compartments of a ridge of the rack, the insertion element comprising: a first electrical contact on a first side of the insertion element and configured to physically contact a first busbar of the ridge, wherein the first side of the insertion element forms a first hole configured to receive a first fastener holding the first electrical contact in physical contact with the first busbar; and a second electrical contact on a second side of the insertion element opposite to the first side, the second electrical contact configured to contact a second busbar of the ridge; wherein the second side of the insertion element forms a second hole configured to receive a second fastener holding the second electrical contact in physical contact with the second busbar.

[0114] Clause 2. A rack module configured for mounting at any one of a plurality of receive compartments in a ridge of a rack, the ridge including two busbars, the rack module comprising: two busbar contacts on the bottom of the rack module, each of the two busbar contacts physically contacting a corresponding busbar of the ridge, and the busbar contacts and the busbar having a hole pattern for attachment of the rack module to the ridge in the receive compartment; and a port for attaching data and / or power connections to the rack module.

[0115] Clause 3. A rack module for a rack, the rack module comprising: an insertion element configured to slide into one of a plurality of receiving compartments of a ridge of the rack, the insertion element comprising: a first electrical contact on a first side of the insertion element and configured to physically contact a first busbar of the ridge; and a second electrical contact on a second side of the insertion element opposite to the first side, the second electrical contact being configured to contact a second busbar of the ridge.

[0116] Clause 4. A rack module according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the rack is a power distribution board and the rack module is an electrical component for the power distribution board.

[0117] Clause 5. The rack module according to any of the preceding clauses also includes ports for attaching data and / or power connections to the rack module.

[0118] Clause 6. Rack module according to Clause 5, wherein after the rack module is located in the receiving compartment, a port is accessible for attaching data and / or power connections.

[0119] Clause 7. The rack module according to any of the preceding clauses further includes a first portion on a first side of the insertion element, the first portion including a first electrical contact, the first portion being configured to receive the first busbar of the ridge and directly coupled to the first busbar.

[0120] Clause 8. The rack module according to Clause 7 further includes a second portion on the second side of the insertion element, the second portion including a second electrical contact, the second portion being configured to receive the second busbar of the ridge and directly coupled to the second busbar.

[0121] Clause 9. The rack module according to Clause 8, wherein the insertion element further includes a third portion between the first and second portions, the third portion being configured to be located between the first and second busbars of the ridge when the insertion element is in one of a plurality of receiving compartments.

[0122] Clause 10. A rack module according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein a first electrical contact is arranged to physically contact the top surface of the first busbar of the ridge when the insertion element is in one of a plurality of receiving compartments.

[0123] Clause 11. A rack module according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the insert element further comprises: a track recess configured to engage with a guide structure of a ridge, (a) guiding the insert element into one of a plurality of receiving compartments, and (b) retaining the insert element in one of the plurality of receiving compartments after placement.

[0124] Clause 12. The rack module according to Clause 11, wherein the track indentation extends along the sliding direction of the receiving compartment.

[0125] Clause 13. Rack modules according to Clause 11 or 12, wherein the track recess is part of the outer surface of the inserted element.

[0126] Clause 14. A rack module according to Clause 8 or 9, wherein the first and second portions each form a hole configured to receive fasteners for securing insert elements to the corresponding busbars.

[0127] Clause 15. A rack module according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the insertion element further comprises: a first clamping mechanism on a first side of the insertion element, the first clamping mechanism being configured to engage with a first portion of the ridge to hold the first electrical contact in physical contact with the first busbar; and / or a second clamping mechanism on a second side of the insertion element, the second clamping mechanism being configured to engage with a second portion of the ridge to hold the second electrical contact in physical contact with the first busbar.

[0128] Clause 16. A rack module according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the insertion element further comprises: a first protrusion on a first side of the insertion element, the first protrusion being configured to engage with a first clamping mechanism of the ridge to hold the first electrical contact in physical contact with the first busbar; and / or a second protrusion on a second side of the insertion element, the second protrusion being configured to engage with a second clamping mechanism of the ridge to hold the second electrical contact in physical contact with the second busbar.

[0129] Clause 17. A rack module according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the insertion element further comprises: a first magnet on or in a first side of the insertion element, the first magnet being arranged to attract a second magnet on or in a first portion of the ridge to hold the first electrical contact in physical contact with the first busbar; and / or a third magnet on or in a second side of the insertion element, the third magnet being arranged to attract a fourth magnet on or in a second portion of the ridge to hold the second electrical contact in physical contact with the second busbar.

[0130] Clause 18. A rack module according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the insertion element further comprises: a first spring pin coupled to a first side of the insertion element and configured to electrically connect a first electrical contact to a first busbar; and / or a second spring pin coupled to a second side of the insertion element and configured to electrically connect a second electrical contact to a second busbar.

[0131] Clause 19. A rack module according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the rack is a power distribution board; the rack module is an electrical component for the power distribution board; the rack module is a mains power module for connecting the main feeder to the power distribution board.

[0132] Clause 20. Rack module pursuant to Clause 19, wherein the mains module includes at least one of the following: a main circuit breaker for the distribution board; or a microgrid interconnection device.

[0133] Clause 21. Rack modules according to Clause 19 or 20, wherein the mains power module is configured to provide overcurrent protection and disconnection for the power distribution board.

[0134] Clause 22. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 1-16, wherein the rack is a power distribution board; the rack module is an electrical component for the power distribution board; and the rack module is a branch module configured to manage a collection of one or more branch circuits.

[0135] Clause 23. Rack module according to Clause 22, wherein the branch module includes electrical plug claws for branch circuits, wherein the branch module is configured to distribute power from the busbar to the branch circuits.

[0136] Clause 24. Rack module according to Clause 23, wherein the electrical plug claws are configured to engage with an overcurrent circuit breaker.

[0137] Clause 25. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 22-24, wherein the insertion element is part of a housing that houses the components of the rack module, wherein electrical insertion claws protrude through the housing.

[0138] Clause 26. The rack module of Clause 25, wherein the components within the housing of the inserted element include: a current sensor; a relay for each branch circuit; at least a portion of an electrical connector for each branch circuit; and a printed circuit board.

[0139] Clause 27. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 22-26, wherein the branch module further includes a set of indicators indicating the status of relays of the branch module.

[0140] Clause 28. Rack module pursuant to Clause 27, wherein the indicator group includes an indicator for each branch circuit that the branch module is configured to manage.

[0141] Clause 29. A rack module pursuant to Clause 27 or 28, wherein the set of indicators comprises: a light source; and a light tube extending away from the light source, the light tube being configured to direct light from the light source to the front surface of the rack module.

[0142] Clause 30. Rack module according to Clause 29, wherein the light tube is substantially parallel to an electrical plug claw protruding through the enclosure of the rack module, the electrical plug claw being configured to engage with an overcurrent circuit breaker.

[0143] Clause 31. Rack module according to Clause 29 or 30, wherein the light tube is configured to guide light through an aperture in a closed front portion located above the rack module.

[0144] Clause 32. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 29-31, wherein light emitted from a light source illuminates an enclosed front portion positioned above the rack module.

[0145] Clause 33. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 29-32, wherein the light source is configured to emit light corresponding to the state of a relay of the rack module.

[0146] Clause 34. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 22-33, wherein the enclosed front portion is positioned above the top surface of the rack module.

[0147] Clause 35. Rack module pursuant to Clause 34, wherein the enclosed front panel includes a modular enclosed front panel configured for individual removal.

[0148] Clause 36. Rack module according to Clause 35, wherein the modular enclosed front panel is aligned with a slot configured to receive an overcurrent distribution board.

[0149] Clause 37. Rack module according to Clause 35 or 36, wherein the modular enclosed front panel is aligned with electrical plug claws protruding through the housing of the rack module, the electrical plug claws being configured to engage with an overcurrent circuit breaker.

[0150] Clause 38. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 35-37, wherein the modular enclosed front panel includes tabs configured to engage with the enclosed front portion of the power distribution board.

[0151] Clause 39. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 35-38, wherein the modular enclosed front panel includes a support structure extending downward to the front surface of the rack module.

[0152] Clause 40. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 34-39, wherein a closed front portion forms a plurality of holes configured to allow light from a plurality of light indicators to pass through the closed front portion.

[0153] Clause 41. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 1-16, wherein: the rack is a power distribution board; the rack module is an electrical component for the power distribution board; and the rack module is a connector module configured to couple a first feeder to a first busbar and a second feeder to a second busbar.

[0154] Clause 42. The rack module according to Clause 41, wherein the connector module includes: a first connector configured to electrically couple a first feeder to a first electrical contact; and / or a second connector configured to electrically couple a second feeder to a second electrical contact.

[0155] Clause 43. The rack module according to Clause 42, wherein the connector module further includes: an auxiliary port configured to provide electrical path to the first connector.

[0156] Clause 44. Rack module according to Clause 42 or 43, wherein the first and second terminals are at least partially housed in the insert element.

[0157] Clause 45. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 42-44, wherein the connector module further comprises: a first current sensor arranged to measure the current between the first connector and the first electrical contact; and / or a second current sensor arranged to measure the current between the second connector and the second electrical contact.

[0158] Clause 46. Rack module according to Clause 45, wherein the first current sensor and the second current sensor are at least partially housed in the insert element.

[0159] Clause 47. A rack module according to Clause 45 or 46, wherein the first current sensor is a first current transformer positioned around a first connector connecting the first terminal block to the first electrical contact, and the second current sensor is a second current transformer positioned around a second connector connecting the second terminal block to the second electrical contact.

[0160] Clause 48. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 45-47, wherein the connector module further includes a top cover coupled to the insert element, wherein the top cover and the insert element accommodate: a first wire tab; a second wire connector; a first current sensor; a second current sensor; at least a portion of a first electrical contact; and at least a portion of a second electrical contact.

[0161] Clause 49. A rack module according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the insertion element further includes an air duct configured to guide airflow through the rack module.

[0162] Clause 50. Rack module according to Clause 49, wherein the air duct is configured to direct air from the third side of the insertion element to the fourth side of the insertion element.

[0163] Clause 51. Rack module according to Clause 50, wherein the third and fourth sides of the insertion element are different from the first and second sides of the insertion element.

[0164] Clause 52. Rack module according to Clause 50 or 51, wherein the air path from the third side to the fourth side via air ducts is substantially parallel to the length of the first busbar.

[0165] Clause 53. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 49-52, wherein the end of the air duct is arranged such that when the additional rack module is positioned in an adjacent receiving compartment among a plurality of receiving compartments, the end of the air duct is aligned with the air duct of the additional rack module.

[0166] Clause 54. A rack module pursuant to any of Clauses 49-53 further includes one or more fins in an insert element, the fins being configured to direct airflow from the air duct to internal components of the rack module.

[0167] Clause 55. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 1-16, wherein: the rack is a power distribution board; the rack module is an electrical component for the power distribution board; and the rack module is a panel control module configured to manage control of the power distribution board.

[0168] Clause 56. Rack module according to Clause 55, wherein the panel control module includes a user interface bar on the top surface, the user interface bar enabling the user to interact with the power distribution board.

[0169] Clause 57. Rack modules according to Clause 55 or 56, wherein the panel control module includes a fan module receiving compartment for the fan module.

[0170] Clause 58. Rack module according to Clause 57, wherein the panel control module includes a fan module that receives a fan module inside the compartment.

[0171] Clause 59. Rack modules according to Clause 57 or 58, wherein the panel control module further includes an air duct configured to direct airflow from the fan module receiving compartment to one side of the panel control module.

[0172] Clause 60. A rack module pursuant to Clause 59, wherein the ends of the air ducts are arranged such that when the additional rack module is positioned in an adjacent receiving compartment among a plurality of receiving compartments, the ends of the air ducts are aligned with the air ducts of the additional rack module.

[0173] Clause 61. A rack module according to any one of Clauses 55-60, wherein the panel control module includes a mounting element configured to mount a gateway module to the top surface of the panel control module, wherein the gateway module is configured as a field controller for a building.

[0174] Clause 62. A closed front panel for a distribution board, the closed front panel comprising: a first panel; and a first group of two or more modular closed front panels, the first group of two or more modular closed front panels being attached to a first side of the first panel and extending away from the first side of the first panel.

[0175] Clause 63. The closed front panel according to Clause 62 further includes: a second set of two or more modular closed front panels on a second side of the first panel opposite to the first side.

[0176] Clause 64. A closed front panel according to Clause 62 or 63, wherein the first panel forms an aperture configured to allow light from a light indicator to pass through the first closed panel.

[0177] Clause 65. A closed front panel according to any one of Clauses 62-64, wherein the closed front panel is positioned above the front surface of the distribution panel.

[0178] Clause 66. A closed front panel according to any one of Clauses 62-65, wherein the closed front panel is configured to couple to the front surface of the distribution panel.

[0179] Clause 67. A closed front panel according to Clause 66, wherein a first panel forms an aperture configured to receive fasteners coupling the closed front panel to the front surface of a distribution board.

[0180] Clause 68. Closed front panel according to any of Clauses 62-67, wherein the modular closed front panel in the first group is configured to be removed individually.

[0181] Clause 69. A closed front panel according to any one of Clauses 62-68, wherein the modular closed front panel of the first group is aligned with a slot configured to receive an overcurrent distribution board.

[0182] Clause 70. A closed front panel according to any of Clauses 62-69, wherein the modular closed front panel of the first group is aligned with electrical plug claws protruding through the housing of an electrical module of an electrical module, the electrical plug claws being configured to engage with an overcurrent circuit breaker.

[0183] Clause 71. A closed front panel according to any one of Clauses 62-70, wherein the modular closed front panel in the first group includes tabs configured to engage with a second closed front panel of the distribution board.

[0184] Clause 72. A closed front panel according to any one of Clauses 62-71, wherein the modular closed front panel in the first group includes a support structure extending downward to the front surface of the distribution panel.

[0185] Clause 73. A switchboard with air ducts configured to guide airflow through the switchboard.

[0186] Clause 74. A distribution board according to Clause 73, wherein the air path through the air ducts of the distribution board is substantially parallel to the length of the busbars of the distribution board.

[0187] Clause 75. Distribution board according to Clause 73 or 74, wherein air ducts guide airflow through branch circuit modules, which are configured to distribute power from the busbar to the branch circuits.

[0188] Clause 76. A distribution board according to any one of Clauses 73-75, wherein the air ducts comprise a set of aligned air ducts of modules of the distribution board.

[0189] Clause 77. Distribution board according to Clause 76, wherein the air ducts of the distribution board modules are configured to guide airflow through the modules.

[0190] Clause 78. Distribution board according to Clause 77, wherein the air duct of the module is configured to guide air from the first side of the module to the second side of the module.

[0191] Clause 79. Distribution board according to Clause 78, wherein the air duct of the module includes one or more fins configured to direct air to the internal components of the rack module.

[0192] Clause 80. A ridge of a rack, the ridge comprising: a rear panel; a sidewall extending from an edge of the rear panel; two busbars spaced apart from each other, fixed to the rear panel, and extending parallel to the sidewall; and a guide structure extending from the sidewall, the guide structure defining a receiving compartment for attaching a rack module across the two busbars, wherein the receiving compartment is configured for field mounting of the rack module, and for each receiving compartment: the two busbars include a pattern of holes for connecting the rack module to the two busbars, and the sidewall includes an opening to allow an electrical connection for providing data to the rack module to pass through the opening.

[0193] Clause 81. A ridge of a rack, the ridge comprising: receiving compartments configured to receive rack modules, each receiving compartment being formed by: a portion of a panel; a portion of a wall rising from and extending along a first edge of the panel; portions of two busbars spaced apart from each other and fixed to the panel; and one or more guide structures extending from a surface of the first wall, the guide structures being configured to (a) engage with a plurality of rack modules and (b) prevent a received rack module from sliding into an adjacent receiving compartment.

[0194] Clause 82. According to the spine of Clause 81, the rack is a power distribution board.

[0195] Clause 83. According to the spine of Clause 81 or 82, where the receiving compartment is used to attach rack modules across two busbars.

[0196] Clause 84. According to any one of Clauses 81-83, the receiving compartment is configured for field installation of the rack module.

[0197] Clause 85. A ridge according to any one of Clauses 81-84, wherein the guiding structure is in a fixed position relative to the busbar.

[0198] Clause 86. A ridge according to any one of Clauses 81-85, wherein two busbars travel parallel to each other.

[0199] Clause 87. A ridge according to any one of Clauses 81-86, wherein each receiving compartment is further formed by a portion of a second wall that rises from and extends along the second edge of the panel.

[0200] Clause 88. According to the ridge of Clause 87, each receiving compartment is further formed by one or more guiding structures extending from the surface of the second wall facing the first wall.

[0201] Clause 89. A ridge according to any one of Clauses 81-88, wherein the ridge further includes a neutral busbar or grounding busbar fixed to the top surface of the wall.

[0202] Clause 90. A ridge according to any one of Clauses 81-89, wherein each busbar includes a plurality of holes along the length of the busbar and aligned with holes on another busbar, and a set of aligned holes is configured to receive a plurality of fasteners that hold the rack module in physical contact with the busbars.

[0203] Clause 91. According to any one of Clauses 81-90, the two busbars include hole patterns for attaching the rack module to the two busbars.

[0204] Clause 92. A ridge according to any one of Clauses 81-91, wherein the wall includes cavities spaced along the length of the wall and located at positions aligned with the receiving compartment.

[0205] Clause 93. A ridge according to any of Clauses 81-92, wherein the guiding structure is a tab.

[0206] Clause 94. A ridge according to any one of Clauses 81-93, wherein the guide structure engages with the outer surface of the rack module.

[0207] Clause 95. According to the ridge of Clause 94, the guide structure is configured to engage with the track recess of the rack module.

[0208] Clause 96. A ridge of a rack, the ridge comprising: a rear panel; two busbars spaced apart from each other and fixed to the rear panel, each busbar including a plurality of holes along its length and aligned with a plurality of holes on the other busbar, a set of aligned holes configured to receive a plurality of fasteners holding a rack module in physical contact with the busbars; and a wall rising from and extending along a first edge of the panel, the wall including cavities spaced apart along its length relative to the positions of the holes in the busbars.

[0209] Clause 97. The ridge pursuant to Clause 96 also includes one or more guide structures extending from the surface of the wall, the guide structures being configured to (a) engage with the rack module and (b) prevent the received rack module from sliding into an adjacent receiving compartment.

[0210] Clause 98. According to the ridge of Clause 97, the guiding structure is a tab.

[0211] Clause 99. The ridge according to any one of Clauses 96-98 further includes a guide structure extending from the wall, the guide structure defining a receiving compartment for attaching a rack module across two busbars, wherein the receiving compartment is configured for field mounting of the rack module, and for each receiving compartment: the two busbars include a pattern of holes for connecting the rack module to the two busbars, and the wall includes an opening to allow electrical connections for providing data to the rack module to pass through the opening.

[0212] Clause 100. A gateway module for a building's distribution board, the gateway module being configured as a site controller for the building.

[0213] Clause 101. Gateway module according to Clause 100, wherein the gateway module includes a housing configured to be physically coupled to a distribution board.

[0214] Clause 102. Gateway module according to Clause 101, wherein the housing is configured to be physically mounted to the distribution board.

[0215] Clause 103. Gateway module according to Clause 102, wherein the housing is configured as a modular electrical component physically mounted to the distribution board.

[0216] Clause 104. A gateway module according to Clause 103, wherein the housing includes a first side for a port (e.g., configured to hold a port) for connecting a cable to the gateway module.

[0217] Clause 105. Gateway module according to Clause 104, wherein the housing further includes a recess (e.g., recess 1215) on a second side opposite to the first side, the recess being configured to engage with a protrusion (e.g., tooth 1220) of a receiving compartment on a modular electrical component of the distribution board.

[0218] Clause 106. Gateway module according to Clause 103, wherein the modular electrical components of the distribution board are panel control modules configured to manage the control of the distribution board.

[0219] Clause 107. Gateway module according to Clause 103 or 106, wherein modular electrical components are configured to slide into receiving compartments of a ridge of a distribution board, wherein the ridge includes multiple receiving compartments.

[0220] Clause 108. The gateway module according to Clause 107, wherein the modular electrical components include: a first electrical contact on a first side of the insertion element and configured to physically contact a first busbar on the ridge; and / or a second electrical contact on a second side of the insertion element opposite to the first side, the second electrical contact being configured to contact a second busbar on the ridge.

[0221] Clause 109. A gateway module according to any one of Clauses 101-108, wherein the housing houses components of the gateway module, the components including: a collection of one or more processors, a computer-readable storage medium, and a collection of one or more antennas.

[0222] Clause 110. A gateway module according to any one of Clauses 101-109, wherein the gateway module is configured to communicate with two or more distribution boards in a building. Additional description in Part II of exemplary embodiments

[0223] This section describes other example embodiments. Any feature described as necessary, important, or otherwise implied to be required should be interpreted as being required only for this embodiment and not necessarily included in other embodiments.

[0224] Some embodiments involve switchboards, switchboard components, and components associated with the switchboard (e.g., stand-alone gateways). The panel may be referred to as a "Span switchboard." The panel may be modular, allowing for field-interchangeable components (e.g., bolted connections), high heat dissipation, and / or panel-to-panel / module communication system modularity. Among other advantages, the switchboard can:

[0225] (i) It is able to communicate with other distribution boards (e.g., to transmit data or operating instructions);

[0226] (ii) Cheaper than traditional panel manufacturing or installation;

[0227] (iii) It has improved heat dissipation (e.g., less fan is used than with a conventional panel).

[0228] (iv) It features modularity and field interchangeability (e.g., troubleshooting in the field, upgrading modules, and achieving an appropriate size installation according to the homeowner's needs).

[0229] (v) Single-person installation;

[0230] (vi) Allows for factory reuse of modules across multiple panel sizes;

[0231] (vii) Include additional indicators (e.g., visual indicators) on the regular panel.

[0232] (viii) Include additional connection ports on the standard panel;

[0233] (ix) includes additional security features beyond those of conventional panels; and

[0234] (x) Improved build quality and reliability compared to conventional panels.

[0235] The following describes various aspects of the switchboard. Any one aspect can be combined with or substituted for one or more other aspects. A. Spine A.1 Ridge Module Connection

[0236] Description: Service technicians and electricians can quickly disconnect the module and replace it with an updated version with additional features. It also facilitates rapid service or RMA. This includes novel solutions for heat dissipation of heat-generating components.

[0237] Ridge module connections are an improvement over traditional rear panel designs because service technicians and electricians can disconnect modules more quickly and replace them with newer versions that offer additional functionality. This rapid disconnection results in lower installation and maintenance costs (a significant obstacle to electrification) and lower component replacement costs compared to non-modular designs.

[0238] The structure and modular mounting mechanism enable future testing of the module or multiple modules. The modular mounting mechanism and structure do not preclude adjusting the width of the module dimensions to accommodate future designs.

[0239] Features include: branch busbars with active characteristics, heat dissipation via bolted electrical connections, torque-driven fastening screws enabling consistent and secure connections on high-voltage busbar systems, and the ability to configure panels with modules that meet the needs of the installation site.

[0240] Figure 13 (Left) shows the installation location of each module, with the outline of each module.

[0241] Figure 13 (Right) shows the mounting point, in which standard fasteners are directly bolted into the L1 / L2 ridge busbars. Some embodiments of the module may use or not use fasteners at all, relying on spring-loaded clamps instead of screw fasteners. A.2 Molded Ridge Assembly

[0242] Description: A plastic enclosure for housing line-side busbars and any other conductors (e.g., ground and neutral). The assembly also holds low-voltage signal conductors used for moving data and communications across the panel. Some embodiments of the plastic can be manufactured using overmolding, which can be an injection-molded two-part plastic clamshell, or it can be manufactured using thermal riveting. The busbars (neutral, L1, L2, L3, ground) can be secured to the ridge assembly using thermal riveting, snap-fit ​​features, or fasteners. Overmolding couples heat from the busbars to the ridge. Furthermore, the ridge is removable, ensuring that the assembly can be easily placed into and removed from the enclosure.

[0243] Solution: Reduce (e.g., minimize) the number of fasteners in the ridge assembly for easier assembly. Improve thermal performance by eliminating thermal resistance between the busbar and the plastic, which can be further improved by using a high thermal conductivity resin. A removable ridge assembly allows for single-person installation by keeping both the enclosure and the ridge below a weight threshold (e.g., 50 lbs, the OSHA requirement for single-person lifting), and also allows for the placement of a lighter enclosure into a wall. It also allows the ridge to be lowered into other enclosures.

[0244] The described plastic housing is advantageous because it can be manufactured using materials and methods specifically designed for heat dissipation, thereby creating a thermal path for energy to leave the smart panel.

[0245] Other panels don't have as many high and low voltage components to handle and typically have more standard interfaces. By using this manufacturing method, the number of fasteners can be reduced (e.g., minimized), and components can be manufactured on automated assembly lines.

[0246] Among other advantages, the embodiments provide improved heat dissipation and ease of installation from this construction method.

[0247] Figure 14 The diagram shows the hot-pile bar connection for securing L1 / L2 (busbars) to the ridge. A.3 Ridge assembly including high and low voltage connectors

[0248] Description: A plastic enclosure for housing the line-side busbar and any other conductors used (e.g., ground, neutral). The assembly also holds low-voltage signal conductors used for moving data and communication across the panel. Low-voltage signals can be passed between modules via a series of jumpers or "blind-mating" connectors molded into the ridge itself. See, for example, [link to example]. Figure 15 .

[0249] The modules on the panel can be powered independently and communicate with each other. To achieve this, a "low-voltage" connection can be used between modules that provide DC voltage and signals via a CAN bus interface (etc.). The physical communication hardware (connectors) can be integrated into a ridge assembly that already holds the L1, L2, and neutral busbars. This addresses a pain point for installers, as low-voltage connections can be monotonous and are helpful (e.g., critical) for the panel's functionality.

[0250] The additional functionality is integrated into the spine assembly, which can simply maintain the high-voltage bus. A.4 is used to insert a pad of thermal interface material (TIM), graphite or other conductive material into the gap to increase heat transfer to the enclosure while electrically insulating the path to the enclosure.

[0251] Description: Dedicated gaps in certain elements of a panel can be filled with TIM (thermal interface material) or another material to enhance conductive heat transfer between modules or ridges to the enclosure. These gaps can be located within a portion of the ridge assembly (e.g., see...). Figure 17 (where the arrow indicates the location of TIM), in the module, or in some other location.

[0252] The panel can generate a significant amount of heat. The panel design utilizes the aforementioned TIM and graphite components to dissipate excess heat to the back of the enclosure, where it can be removed from the system via natural convection or other means. Dissipating excess heat is beneficial for protecting the home from thermal events and demonstrates the panel's effectiveness.

[0253] TIM (typically used for removable / module replacement) and atypical uses of graphite.

[0254] Graphite is used as the method for encapsulating the TIM, but a good connection with the enclosure is still allowed.

[0255] Figure 16 A module with several layers of material in the "gap" beneath it is shown. These material layers are designed to enhance heat transfer to the housing while maintaining electrical insulation (so as not to excite the entire panel or cause a short circuit). A.5 1-inch module slot

[0256] Description: The design and modularity allow additional "1-inch modules" or other sub-components to be integrated into the system without requiring any on-site wiring by the installer. These smaller modules are advantageous because they do not require homeowner interaction (beyond the enclosed front) and therefore allow for efficient use of space to provide homeowners with additional functionality.

[0257] Solution: The 1.5” module slot allows for similar feeder tabs (in a 48-circuit panel configuration), feedthrough tabs to sub-panels, whole-house surge protection, active cooling, or active heating solutions.

[0258] Other panels do not have the ability to ridge or connect custom modules. Among other advantages, installers or service technicians may not need to perform field wiring to achieve this functionality, as they have direct bolt-on access to the busbar. Example modules can add features such as connectivity (antenna), thermal (additional or removal of heat), high-voltage interfaces (additional power input to the system), and surge protection for the entire home.

[0259] This solves a problem for installers, who often have to use circuit breaker locations (spiked tabs) to add functionality, but by leaving specific space for these additional features, they can place more circuitry in the panel and are less likely to use series circuit breakers.

[0260] Dedicated locations within the distribution board are used for non-standard upgrades to the platform, beyond the standard interfaces (e.g., sprockets) designed to interface with the circuit breakers. These interfaces are advantageous because they are located at the rear of the enclosed front, thus allowing attachment to things that do not require any interaction from the homeowner or end user. These slots increase the overall utility of the platform.

[0261] It is not obvious that the entire module / component is placed behind the closed front section that the homeowner will never connect to, but these modules / components can still be fully accessible to the busbar.

[0262] Figure 18 The locations where these 1.5” module slots can be connected to the busbars are shown.

[0263] Figure 19 An exemplary implementation of these module "feedthrough connectors" is shown, in which the module holds the CT and brings the main feeder into the panel. B. Branch Module B.1 Module Barrel Device

[0264] Description: Metallic substances are added to barbs to improve thermal conductivity. These barbs can be attached to thermally conductive plastics to enhance heat transfer performance. See, for example, [link to example description]. Figure 20 .

[0265] To save cost and weight, typical distribution boards are designed to minimize the insertion geometry. However, the geometry is not large enough and has a small surface area, so it cannot handle a large amount of heat transfer or heat storage. Therefore, this embodiment is counterintuitive, as it increases the puncture mass and surface area to dissipate more heat.

[0266] There are no other similar spike geometry on the market.

[0267] Implementations may include significant modifications to typical tab and relay designs. In some cases, riveting or brazing operations are added to increase metal thickness, which, in addition to improving heat storage, also reduces ohmic heat loss. B.2 Thermal gap pads for the thermally conductive and electrically insulating path to branch busbars.

[0268] Description: Gap pad from the spikes to the branch busbar. A heat-conducting path exists via bolted connections, but this allows for additional non-conductive paths to increase the surface area available for heat conduction.

[0269] Heat may accumulate on the conductor located between the circuit breaker and the relay. The embodiment provides a direct thermal path for heat to leave the system via conductive heat transfer.

[0270] The embodiments provide atypical use of allowing multiple thermal paths to enter the busbar.

[0271] This allows heat from a single puncture to be distributed across two manifolds, further distributing heat throughout the system.

[0272] exist Figure 21 and 22 An example can be seen in [the image / video]. B.3 Multi-module airflow sensing

[0273] Description: Plastic electrically insulating fins for conduction and natural convection. See, for example, [link to example]. Figure 23-25 .

[0274] Solution: Module heat dissipation

[0275] The airflow generated on the module is an improvement over existing panels because it uses thermally conductive plastic with molded heat sinks. When vertically oriented within the panel, the molded heat sinks generate convection to increase the rate of heat transfer from the module. The fins add a marginal increase in cost but increase the module's surface area, while also being oriented to act as air channels to guide air upwards.

[0276] Thermally conductive plastic resin is new. Because UL requirements prohibit the use of vents in panel enclosures, convection is typically only a small fraction of the heat dissipation layer. However, in some embodiments, the use of thermally conductive resin helps dissipate more than half of the heat to the internal environment, allowing heat to escape over a larger area of ​​the enclosure.

[0277] Among other advantages, plastic can be used for electrical conductivity (instead of metal-to-metal connections). Plastic fins utilize airflow to effectively remove heat from the front of the module, which is generally unsuitable for heat transfer. B.4 Mechanisms for monitoring circuit breaker performance and health via temperature and voltage sensing

[0278] Description: The temperature of each barb is detected by directly connecting to the barbs within the module. Additionally, the same connection can be used to directly sense voltage, which can provide information about impedance creep over time or other field faults. This makes the panel safer.

[0279] Solution: Estimate circuit breaker lifespan and detect defective field installations, protecting equipment and field-installed components. Also useful for identifying circuit breaker failures and protecting homes before overheating events occur. Enable fail-safety for loose or faulty connections / connections in the field. Provide process feedback during field installation.

[0280] During a typical panel installation, or as a component in a home's electrical panel aging over time, many things can go wrong. These failures can be very costly, potentially leading to fires, damage to appliances, or electric shocks. By integrating the PCB to the primary location of the failure and pairing it with sensors to measure voltage and temperature, potential safety and reliability issues that homeowners may face can be reduced.

[0281] This also solves the problem that the system can verify proper connection when the installer swaps out modules on-site.

[0282] The embodiments can be implemented using hardware components, such as a spring-loaded "barbed clip" (illustrated below), which may require no manufacturing steps. Alternatively, they can be implemented using other solutions such as fasteners, welding, etc.

[0283] In this sense, field monitoring of each circuit is unprecedented. Field monitoring enables modularity, making field-installable bolted joints safer.

[0284] Detecting voltage drop under load provides an additional layer of protection. Although torque specifications are typically the full torque specifications required to test bolted joints during T0 and the joint's life, real-time feedback on module exchange and bolted joint connections in the field is atypical for monitoring in switchboards.

[0285] Figure 26 A clamp is shown attached to a spike (without fasteners) and allows for accurate voltage and temperature readings of the component. B.5 Internal Energy Storage (Short-Term Energy Storage)

[0286] Description: Distributed energy storage allows subsystems to perform their functions. Relay actuation is possible even if components in the system fail. Additionally, individual switching devices and energy storage devices associated with two or more different line voltage conductors can be used as interrupt current in the event of a single point of failure.

[0287] Solution: Poor bolted connections may lead to safety failure due to voltage dips from the grid and AC interruptions.

[0288] In some embodiments, the switchboard can act as the building's electrical control system (e.g., to prevent overloading of the main circuit breaker or utility service). Given this, certain low-voltage fault modes may render the panel unable to perform its safety functions, and if this occurs, having available energy reserves to put the panel into a "safe" state may be helpful.

[0289] Using distributed capacitance allows for a reduction in total capacitance. It enables a modular solution where (e.g., all) modules work together to protect themselves and maintain power for a safe shutdown in the event of a grid outage. B.6 Module Front Enclosure

[0290] Description: The enclosed front section can be divided into 1", 2", 4", or 8" modular units, or other incremental sizes. This "miniature enclosed front section" provides protection for end users, preventing them from being exposed to any high-voltage components. Depending on the module's geometry and structure, the module can have different implementations of the enclosed front section. Branch module enclosed front sections interact with the main enclosed front section, which has an overlapping feature to prevent the circuit breaker from being removed by the homeowner (integrated circuit breaker suppression function).

[0291] Solution: The on-site user removes the circuit breaker.

[0292] Typical distribution boards are designed only to hold standard circuit breakers of predetermined dimensions. However, the modular embodiments described herein allow for flexibility in fitting into each module "slot," whether it be a circuit breaker, energy storage device, or other power electronics. For homeowner safety, there may be no clearance in the enclosed front section; therefore, hardware solutions exist to give each module unit a dedicated enclosed front section to protect the end user after installation.

[0293] Traditional panel circuit breakers have a removable front panel where the removal feature is only available from a single removable enclosure, but this utilizes overlapping sections. Typical panel designs force you to install feedback circuit breakers only in a few locations where a clamping feature is present.

[0294] Use combined components to act together as a front enclosure and circuit breaker suppression feature.

[0295] The enclosed front of the module can also be used to hold the light tube to the ground for LED indication to the homeowner.

[0296] exist Figure 27-28 In the middle, the front of the module is closed to cover the unused circuit breaker space, retains the LEDs and light tubes that indicate the circuit, and holds the fault circuit breaker in the event of feedback. B.7 LEDs for relay status indication

[0297] Description: Light sources (e.g., RGB LEDs) corresponding to each circuit breaker can be used to display relay status or provide other useful information to homeowners or electricians. These LEDs can also be used to select a specific circuit breaker location for more information or to identify faults in the panel. They provide a visual indication of what a user wants to do on the panel, especially when the connection to a mobile application is offline or poor. Some embodiments may include light-emitting diode components and allow all electrical components to be housed on a single PCBA.

[0298] Solution: Inform users of the status of their home's (e.g., all) circuits at a given time.

[0299] Traditional circuit breakers have on / off switches that clearly indicate to the user whether current is being supplied to the house. However, embodiments include relays behind the circuit breaker, and their status is not clearly visible to the user (e.g., the installer or homeowner). To address this issue, a light source can provide direct relay status indication to the user using an LED protruding from the enclosed front.

[0300] These LEDs can also be used to cycle between available circuit breakers and change settings or coverage status.

[0301] No distribution board has relay indication features.

[0302] A canvas for additional UI features around throttling loads and scheduling circuits.

[0303] Figure 29 The possible positions of the relay state are shown. B.8 LED indicator of relay status integrated into the "modular plastic heat sink"

[0304] Description: The light tube is semi-transparent so that light passes through the LED components to reach the LED indicator visible to the user. See, for example, [link to example]. Figure 30 These are embedded in black thermally conductive resin, which acts as a shield against light leakage. Ribs between the light tubes form channels in the thermally conductive resin, through which air can be blown to improve forced convection. This combination of "finned walls" created by the light tubes allows for continuous piping through the module, with the enclosed front of the module serving as the top of the piping. Additionally, small openings in these finned walls allow air to escape directly onto the thermal breaker tabs.

[0305] Solution: Leakage prevention for light tubes. Improved thermal design.

[0306] This is the optimization mentioned above, recognizing the possibility of a "light tube" carrier, and therefore using this light tube carrier to further increase the panel's heat dissipation capability.

[0307] Use light pipes as part of the thermal path in the system.

[0308] Combination components used for light tube covers, heat sinks, fan ducts, and LED indicator parts are atypical combinations of components, in which the combination components combine the functionality of LEDs with the benefits of greatly improved system thermals. B.9 The front of the module serves as an air passage for active cooling.

[0309] Description: Using the above-described module to enclose the front or light tube carrier as a conduit, air is directly delivered to the location where heat is generated (e.g., most of the area). For example, see... Figure 31 .

[0310] Solution: Thermal device

[0311] This is the optimization mentioned above, recognizing the possibility of a "light tube" carrier, and therefore using this light tube carrier to further increase the panel's heat dissipation capability.

[0312] This includes literal airflow ducts with optimized geometry. B.10 uses a copper front heat sink on top of the module behind the circuit breaker for heat transfer below the circuit breaker.

[0313] Description: A heat-dissipating plate behind the circuit breaker to dissipate heat from the active circuit breaker position to the inactive circuit breaker position. See, for example, [link to example]. Figure 32 .

[0314] Solution: Thermal Performance

[0315] Typical panels do not handle heat to this extent.

[0316] Heat flux is distributed at the front and rear of the module. The front heat path utilizes convection from the internal airflow, while the rear heat path utilizes conduction through the metal enclosure. This distribution drives a larger temperature gradient, which helps to dissipate heat more effectively throughout the enclosed system. The neutrality in B.11 "C5 Design" allows the neutral to be brought toward the center of the panel to help with the wiring bending radius.

[0317] Description: The neutral block is fastened to a stamped component, which maintains the neutral line through most of the perimeter of the rear panel. Most field connections are covered / away from the field installer. See, for example, [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 33-35 .

[0318] Solution: Neutral protection. Improved the positioning of the circuit breaker in the modular system.

[0319] Other neutral busbars are continuous and not broken in this way. This geometry allows them to be decomposed.

[0320] Allow for larger modules while still maintaining the minimum bending radius requirement for the neutral line.

[0321] It also allows for the installation of a series of alternating "neutral blocks" that may have different terminal configurations. For example, some terminals may be designed to use 4 / 0 conductors, while others may be designed to be #4-#14. These neutral blocks can be installed one by one in the field, depending on the installer's requirements. C.PCM and Gateway C.1 Panel-to-panel or panel-to-device communication via PLC (Power Line Communication) and RF communication with an antenna (e.g., 915MHz).

[0322] Description: Data transmission is performed via an AC power line. As a fallback, a Sub-Gig antenna is used for data transmission.

[0323] Solution: Data transmission without using an Internet or Ethernet connection. An electrical wire is already in place on the wall. Alternatively, if a hardwired communication line is not feasible due to long distances or noise on the power lines, a lattice antenna works more effectively through walls and over longer distances.

[0324] Traditional distribution boards do not transmit data from panel to panel.

[0325] A cloud-based public connection used for communication. This allows communication to continue even when the connection to the cloud is closed. The C.2 UI bar features user-accessible panel reset and control buttons. The UI bar also provides information about the panel's health.

[0326] Description: Enables panel reset via a button, allowing installers and homeowners to diagnose panel malfunctions and respond appropriately. This could be related to poor connectivity, power outages, or connection issues. For example, see... Figure 36 .

[0327] Solution: Smart panels occasionally malfunction or require software reset. Homeowners can activate the reset button when the installer is not present. In some cases, homeowners need permission to take actions on the panel that could impact their home. Physical buttons require customers to be in the home and give them the ability and control over their panels.

[0328] The user reset button and fault / performance metrics for this type of product are new.

[0329] Status LEDs and reset buttons can be useful physical interfaces for smart distribution boards. C.3 can be used with any Span panel, future iterations of the panel, or user-service gateways for products that require load / source sensing and / or activation.

[0330] Description: The gateway includes edge computing algorithms for energy management and is responsible for connecting the panel to the cloud via wireless technology. It can be placed in multiple products within a product line or across multiple products. The same module can be placed in many products across a home (e.g., choosing a location with optimal Wi-Fi / cellular connectivity). If the home includes multiple panels, a single gateway can be used. A future construction project using a connector bracket is shown. This keeps the connector in place even if it has been removed by the user to replace the gateway.

[0331] Solution: Cost savings on a single gateway in a smart home. Optimal connectivity to the router / cellular network for a given home configuration. The ability to periodically switch between new gateways (e.g., along the way for 15 years as technology or computing improves).

[0332] Offers shared use of a single computing module within the panel across multiple products within the home. Provides a low-cost option for future upgrades to meet computing needs without replacing the entire panel.

[0333] Leveraging smart electrified homes by integrating external communication functions into a movable gateway and internal communication within the panel product itself.

[0334] Figure 37 An example gateway module is shown. C.4 Internal antenna for aesthetic design, but external antenna provided.

[0335] Description: The antenna network is connected via an external Fakra connector. This allows the same wireless equipment to be used with an external antenna (which can be a large antenna housed in a enclosure outside the system). For a small number of homes where internal antennas are insufficient, an external antenna can be a reliable fallback.

[0336] Using a gateway bracket makes it easy for users to connect.

[0337] When they exist in separate physical units, the internal and external antennas are usually not on the same radio.

[0338] Figures 38-39 An example antenna from a gateway module is shown. C.5 antenna performance design features.

[0339] Description: The antenna does not function well after being enclosed in a metal front section. Therefore, the embodiments enable antenna performance in three ways:

[0340] The gateway includes an antenna that can extend beyond the closed front through a cut in the metal plate.

[0341] The panel uses a plastic door that is RF-transparent and allows these antennas to radiate more than 180° through the plastic with a direct "line of sight".

[0342] The plastic door has cutouts that are covered by glass, allowing the gateway unit to be positioned as close to the glass as possible to improve (e.g., optimally) performance (to gain an additional 5° of sight from just below 180° at the level of the closed front). See, for example, [link to example]. Figure 40 .

[0343] Typically, the external antenna on an existing panel is a disc antenna mounted on the side of a metal exterior panel. This is suspended from the metal front by a plastic door. C.6 Future proof of the connectivity of the upcoming new distributed energy sources

[0344] Description: A device for connecting electricity and communication to external distributed energy sources and modules. Expansion port (in...) Figure 41 (As shown in the figure) allows connection to the same backbone CAN bus serving the internal modules (e.g., on different buses with their own enumeration chains). D. Power supply D.1MID / Main Circuit Breaker Configuration

[0345] Description: The main circuit breaker and grid disconnect architecture enables low-cost configuration.

[0346] Some existing panels always have a MID (Grid Disconnection Component) and a main circuit breaker. However, some homes only require a MID, or a main circuit breaker, or both, or neither. These different configurations are either unavailable or must be configured only at the factory. They cannot be interchanged within the existing smart panel ecosystem.

[0347] Shared components can be used in a single module, which may include a main circuit breaker or no main circuit breaker, as well as grid disconnection and no grid disconnection features. D.2 Fully modular main circuit breaker, grid disconnection, and branch module structure implemented using HV and LV distributed architecture.

[0348] Description: Some embodiments enable the removal of the MID and / or main circuit breaker functionality and the addition of additional branch modules (e.g., up to 6). Alternatively, by including the main circuit breaker and grid disconnect, the panel can include fewer branch modules (e.g., up to 5). See, for example, [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 42 .

[0349] If no AC power module is available, additional branch circuits (e.g., 8 branch circuits) can be added to the panel as needed. See, for example, [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 43 .

[0350] Traditionally, adding additional branch circuitry requires a separate panel with extensive circuitry or main circuit breaker / grid disconnect functionality. However, the panel embodiments described herein allow installers to place main circuit breaker / grid disconnect or additional branch modules in the field. D.3 Detachable fan kit with fan

[0351] Description: The fan module is shown in the image below. If not needed (in a cold indoor environment), the fan module can be easily removed / replaced, or may not be included.

[0352] Hot climates and rising global temperatures may require additional cooling; this is an initial cost saver for customers who have the ability to pay for features only when needed.

[0353] In many cases, fans typically do not have a 30-year lifespan due to moving parts. Removable fan kits allow for easy replacement and only need to be included when necessary.

[0354] Figure 7C An exemplary fan module is shown. The example fan module in the PCM is... Figure 7A As shown in the image. D.4 Disconnect the radiator in the power grid from the bus connection.

[0355] Description: A heatsink is integrated into the main circuit breaker and connected to the MID bus. The MID bus features an integrated heatsink, which allows convection across the high-power-loss bus. Furthermore, since the heat sink is located outside the current path of the bus, this does not result in Joule heat / ohm losses.

[0356] Other panels do not provide a series heatsink between the main circuit breaker and the MID integrated into the bus.

[0357] Solution: Thermal device

[0358] Some embodiments may include an optional fan (e.g., a removable fan), however, a fan may not be necessary. For example, a fan may not be used in a room with low room temperature, where there is sunlight. Moreover, fan noise can be more inconvenient for users with indoor installations. The combination of these two items makes a portable fan ideal for certain indoor situations.

[0359] Example heatsink in Figures 44-45 As shown in the image. E Independent Gateway

[0360] Typically, PCM (Panel Control Module) and gateway (both described earlier) can be collectively referred to as "site controller".

[0361] A standalone gateway (also known as a standalone site controller) may include (e.g., all) components from the PCM and the gateway (previously described). A standalone gateway can be fitted into a custom enclosure with associated I / O, which can function as the site controller for the product (e.g., without a panel including functionality).

[0362] The controlled stand-alone site may be a product that is not part of a power distribution board. It may include functionality roughly equivalent to a PCM and gateway. It may have its own custom PCB and form factor. It may be a product that receives and powers a removable gateway. Stand-alone site controllers can enable whole-home monitoring, third-party integration, and / or dynamic load management without a SPAN power distribution board (e.g., the panel mentioned above).

[0363] For example, a user wanting to use the Span EVSE car charger or some other Span products typically interacts with a Span power distribution board for energy monitoring and cannot communicate with the cloud independently. If the user does not wish to upgrade their power distribution board to a Span power distribution board, they will not benefit from the EVSE car charger (or other products). However, if the user has a site controller, they can obtain additional functionality (e.g., full functionality) from that device. Span products can interact with the site controller using the same panel-to-panel and panel-to-device communication protocols described in C.1.

[0364] The following describes some embodiments of the standalone site controller. E.1 Independent field controllers and instruments

[0365] Description: Encapsulates panel control modules (PCMs), gateways, and remote meters in a separate configuration to enable whole-home monitoring, third-party integration, and dynamic load management without requiring panel replacements and upgrades.

[0366] Other panels do not have computing modules. While modules can be repackaged and unpacked using features and connections not required by the site controller, they start with the same architectural design. This enables SPAN integration and SW control and monitoring of home electronics such as battery systems, HVAC and thermostat control, and EV charging load management without requiring a SPAN panel.

[0367] The details of the standalone site controller design may or may not be exactly similar to the head module and gateway. In some embodiments, the PCB does not include all the functionality of the PCM. The shape of the plastic housing of the standalone site controller may also differ from that shown. The gateway PCB and plastic can remain the same in the standalone site controller. With these changes, the standalone site controller can retain the characteristics and functionality of the PCM for SPAN integration and SW control, as well as monitoring of home electronics such as battery systems, HVAC and thermostat control, and EV charging load management, without requiring a SPAN panel.

[0368] Among other advantages, the embodiments offer different whole-house integrations and feature sets without requiring panel replacement. Additionally, the embodiments enable local communication with the battery system, HVAC and thermostat control, and EV charging load management. F. The entire panel The F.1 branch and any subsequently added modules will know their position in the panel, even if flipped due to the enumeration scheme.

[0369] Description: The panel orientation is determined by a tilt sensor or accelerometer (or can be input into the app by the installer). Therefore, the panel can provide automatic detection of the rear panel after flipping. Branch locations can be determined using a resistive ladder that helps number the modules, making the branch circuit locations across modules known.

[0370] Solution: The location of circuits within the circuit breaker (numbered on the front of the enclosure) is correlated with the application, not specifically assigned by the installer. When a new module is replaced, the system can automatically determine its location. This allows for significantly faster installation when the main wiring is bottom-fed.

[0371] Among other advantages, this allows for flipping the panel interior to accommodate top or bottom feeder entrances (e.g., by swapping the position of the connector module or flipping the entire rear panel for easier installation). Furthermore, jumpers eliminate the need for termination resistors. F.2 Internal Energy Storage

[0372] Description: Distributed energy storage allows subsystems to perform their functions. Relay actuation is possible when other components in the system fail. Implementations can be carried out module-by-module to help ensure that one or more modules can fail-safe themselves, and that a single module does not cause the entire system to fail. Among other advantages, the use of distributed capacitance allows for a reduction in total capacitance.

[0373] Solution: Poor bolted connections may lead to safety failure due to voltage dips from the grid and AC interruptions. F.3 features a ventilated, enclosed front section with potential for forced convection heat transfer.

[0374] Description: A power distribution panel including an enclosed front section, wherein some embodiments may include ventilation holes, slots, or mesh in the main enclosed front surface to facilitate additional heat transfer to the surrounding environment. Some embodiments may also include a fan to increase the panel's ability to expel internal heat due to convective heat transfer to the surrounding environment. Some embodiments may use the enclosed front section as a "duct" or "pressurization chamber" to isolate airflow paths and transfer more heat to the surrounding environment.

[0375] Differences in existing panels: The closed front is usually just a protective barrier. Although there may be unintentional openings around the perimeter of the closed front due to a loose fit, there is no dedicated ventilation to circulate airflow from the hot air behind the closed front to the cooler air in front of the closed front.

[0376] Figure 46 This shows an example of a closed front surface panel. Arrows indicate example vents, slots, or mesh. Additional considerations

[0377] Other aspects of the foregoing description and portions include components, devices, systems, improvements, methods, processes, applications, computer-readable media, and other technologies relating to any of the foregoing items.

[0378] Although the detailed description includes many details, these details should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but are merely illustrative examples of different approaches. It should be understood that the scope of this disclosure includes other embodiments not discussed in detail above. Various other modifications, alterations, and variations, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, may be made to the arrangement, operation, and details of the apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.

[0379] In the claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, reference to an element in the singular does not imply "one and only one," but rather "one or more." Furthermore, the apparatus need not solve every problem that can be solved by different embodiments of the invention in order to be covered by the claims.

[0380] The term "coupling" does not imply the exclusion of intermediate components. For example, when two components are described as being coupled to each other, it does not mean that these components are directly coupled to each other, nor does it exclude the use of other components between these two components.

[0381] As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” “including,” “having,” “having,” or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to the process, method, or apparatus. Furthermore, unless expressly stated otherwise, “or” means inclusive or, not exclusive, or. For example, condition A or B is satisfied by either of the following conditions: A is true (or exists), B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); and both A and B are true (or exist).

Claims

1. A rack module for a rack, the rack module comprising: An insertion element configured to slide into one of a plurality of receiving compartments on the ridge of the rack, the insertion element comprising: A first electrical contact is located on a first side of the insertion element and is configured to physically contact the first busbar of the ridge. The first side of the insertion element forms a first hole, the first hole being configured to receive a first fastener that maintains physical contact between the first electrical contact and the first busbar; and A second electrical contact is located on a second side of the insertion element opposite to the first side, and the second electrical contact is configured to contact the second busbar of the ridge; The second side of the insertion element forms a second hole, which is configured to receive a second fastener that maintains physical contact between the second electrical contact and the second busbar.

2. A rack module configured for use at any of a plurality of receiving compartments in a ridge of a rack, the ridge including two busbars, the rack module comprising: Two busbars on the bottom of the rack module, wherein each of the two busbar contacts physically contacts the corresponding busbar of the ridge, and the busbar contacts and the busbars have hole patterns for attaching the rack module to the ridge at the receiving compartment; as well as Ports used to attach data and / or power connections to the rack module.

3. A rack module for a rack, the rack module comprising: An insertion element configured to slide into one of a plurality of receiving compartments on the ridge of the rack, the insertion element comprising: A first electrical contact, located on a first side of the insertion element and configured to physically contact the first busbar of the ridge; and A second electrical contact is located on a second side of the insertion element opposite to the first side, and the second electrical contact is configured to contact the second busbar of the ridge.

4. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rack is a power distribution board, and the rack module is an electrical component for the power distribution board.

5. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a port for attaching data and / or power connections to the rack module.

6. The rack module of claim 5, wherein the port is accessible for attaching the data and / or power connection after the rack module is located at the receiving compartment.

7. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a first portion on the first side of the insertion element, the first portion including the first electrical contact, the first portion being configured to receive the first busbar of the ridge and directly coupled to the first busbar.

8. The rack module of claim 7, further comprising a second portion on the second side of the insertion element, the second portion including the second electrical contact, the second portion being configured to receive the second busbar of the ridge and directly coupled to the second busbar.

9. The rack module of claim 8, wherein the insertion element further comprises a third portion between the first portion and the second portion, the third portion being configured to be located between the first busbar and the second busbar of the ridge when the insertion element is in one of the plurality of receiving compartments.

10. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first electrical contact is arranged to physically contact the top surface of the first busbar of the ridge when the insertion element is in one of the plurality of receiving compartments.

11. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insertion element further comprises: The track recess is configured to engage with the guide structure of the ridge to (a) guide the insertion element into one of the plurality of receiving compartments and (b) retain the insertion element in one of the plurality of receiving compartments after placement.

12. The rack module of claim 11, wherein the track indentation extends along the sliding direction of the receiving compartment.

13. The rack module of claim 11 or 12, wherein the track recess is part of the outer surface of the insertion element.

14. The rack module of claim 8 or 9, wherein the first portion and the second portion each form a hole configured to receive a fastener for securing the insertion element to the corresponding busbar.

15. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insertion element further comprises: A first clamping mechanism on the first side of the insertion element, the first clamping mechanism being configured to engage with a first portion of the ridge to hold the first electrical contact in physical contact with the first busbar; and / or A second clamping mechanism on the second side of the insertion element, the second clamping mechanism being configured to engage with the second portion of the ridge to maintain physical contact between the second electrical contact and the first busbar.

16. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insertion element further comprises: A first protrusion on the first side of the insertion element, the first protrusion being configured to engage with the first clamping mechanism of the ridge to maintain physical contact between the first electrical contact and the first busbar; and / or A second protrusion on the second side of the insertion element, the second protrusion being configured to engage with the second clamping mechanism of the ridge to maintain physical contact between the second electrical contact and the second busbar.

17. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insertion element further comprises: A first magnet, located on or in the first side of the insertion element, is arranged to attract a second magnet on or in the first portion of the ridge to maintain physical contact between the first electrical contact and the first busbar. and / or A third magnet, located on or within the second side of the insertion element, is arranged to attract a fourth magnet on or within the second portion of the ridge to maintain physical contact between the second electrical contact and the second busbar.

18. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insertion element further comprises: A first spring pin is coupled to the first side of the insertion element and configured to electrically connect the first electrical contact to the first busbar. and / or The second spring pin is coupled to the second side of the insertion element and is configured to electrically connect the second electrical contact to the second busbar.

19. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The rack is a power distribution board; The rack module is an electrical component for the power distribution board; and The rack module is a mains power module that connects the main feeder to the power distribution board.

20. The rack module of claim 19, wherein the mains power module comprises at least one of the following: The main circuit breaker for the distribution board; or Microgrid interconnection device.

21. The rack module of claim 19 or 20, wherein the mains module is configured to provide overcurrent protection and disconnection to the power distribution board.

22. The rack module according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein: The rack is a power distribution board; The rack module is an electrical component for the power distribution board; and The rack module is a branch module configured to manage a collection of one or more branch circuits.

23. The rack module of claim 22, wherein the branch module includes electrical plug claws for branching circuits, wherein the branch module is configured to distribute power from the busbar to the branch circuits.

24. The rack module of claim 23, wherein the electrical plug claw is configured to engage with an overcurrent circuit breaker.

25. The rack module according to any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the insertion element is part of a housing of a component housing the rack module, wherein the electrical plug claw protrudes through the housing.

26. The rack module of claim 25, wherein the components in the housing of the insertion element comprise: Current sensor; Relays for each branch circuit; At least a portion of the electrical plug-in claws for each branch circuit; as well as Printed circuit board.

27. The rack module according to any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein the branch module further comprises a set of indicators indicating the relay status of the branch module.

28. The rack module of claim 27, wherein the set of indicators includes an indicator for each branch circuit, and the branch module is configured to manage each branch circuit.

29. The rack module of claim 27 or 28, wherein the indicators in the set of indicators include: light source; as well as A light tube extends away from the light source and is configured to direct light from the light source to the front surface of the rack module.

30. The rack module of claim 29, wherein the optical tube is substantially parallel to the electrical plug claw protruding through the housing of the rack module, the electrical plug claw being configured to engage an overcurrent circuit breaker.

31. The rack module of claim 29 or 30, wherein the light tube is configured to guide light through an aperture located in a closed front portion above the rack module.

32. The rack module according to any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein light emitted from the light source illuminates the enclosed front portion positioned above the rack module.

33. The rack module according to any one of claims 29 to 32, wherein the light source is configured to emit light corresponding to the state of a relay of the rack module.

34. The rack module according to any one of claims 22 to 33, wherein the enclosed front portion is positioned above the top surface of the rack module.

35. The rack module of claim 34, wherein the enclosed front portion includes a modular enclosed front panel configured to be removed individually.

36. The rack module of claim 35, wherein the modular enclosed front panel is aligned with a slot configured to receive an overcurrent distribution board.

37. The rack module of claim 35 or 36, wherein the modular closed front panel is aligned with the electrical plug claw protruding through the housing of the rack module, the electrical plug claw being configured to engage an overcurrent circuit breaker.

38. The rack module according to any one of claims 35 to 37, wherein the modular enclosed front panel includes tabs configured to engage with the enclosed front portion of the power distribution board.

39. The rack module according to any one of claims 35 to 38, wherein the modular closed front panel includes a support structure extending downward to the front surface of the rack module.

40. The rack module according to any one of claims 34 to 39, wherein the closed front portion forms an aperture configured to allow light from a light indicator to pass through the closed front portion.

41. The rack module according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein: The rack is a power distribution board; The rack module is an electrical component for the power distribution board; and The rack module is a connector module, which is configured to electrically couple a first feeder to the first busbar and an electrical connection of a second feeder to the second busbar.

42. The rack module of claim 41, wherein the connector module comprises: A first connector, configured to electrically couple a first feeder to the first electrical contact; and / or The second connector is configured to electrically couple the second feeder to the second electrical contact.

43. The rack module according to claim 42, wherein the connector module further comprises: An auxiliary port is configured to provide an electrical path to the first terminal block.

44. The rack module according to claim 42 or 43, wherein the first terminal block and the second terminal block are at least partially accommodated in the insertion element.

45. The rack module according to any one of claims 42 to 44, wherein the connector module further comprises: A first current sensor is arranged to measure the current between the first terminal block and the first electrical contact. and / or A second current sensor is arranged to measure the current between the second terminal block and the second electrical contact.

46. ​​The rack module of claim 45, wherein the first current sensor and the second current sensor are at least partially housed in the insertion element.

47. The rack module of claim 45 or 46, wherein the first current sensor is a first current transformer positioned around a first connector that connects the first terminal to the first electrical contact, and the second current sensor is a second current transformer positioned around a second connector that connects the second terminal to the second electrical contact.

48. The rack module of any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein the connector module further comprises a top cover coupled to the insertion element, wherein the top cover and the insertion element accommodate: the first connector, the second connector, the first current sensor, the second current sensor, at least a portion of the first electrical contact, and at least a portion of the second electrical contact.

49. The rack module according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insertion element further comprises an air duct configured to guide airflow through the rack module.

50. The rack module of claim 49, wherein the air duct is configured to direct air from a third side of the insertion element to a fourth side of the insertion element.

51. The rack module of claim 50, wherein the third side and the fourth side of the insertion element are different from the first side and the second side of the insertion element.

52. The rack module according to claim 50 or 51, wherein the air path from the third side to the fourth side through the air duct is substantially parallel to the length of the first busbar.

53. The rack module according to any one of claims 49 to 52, wherein the end of the air duct is arranged such that when the additional rack module is positioned in an adjacent receiving compartment of the plurality of receiving compartments, the end of the air duct is aligned with the air duct of the additional rack module.

54. The rack module according to any one of claims 49 to 53, further comprising one or more fins in the insertion element, the fins being configured to direct airflow from the air duct to internal components of the rack module.

55. The rack module according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein: The rack is a power distribution board; The rack module is an electrical component for the power distribution board; and The rack module is a panel control module, which is configured to manage the control of the power distribution board.

56. The rack module of claim 55, wherein the panel control module includes a user interface bar on the top surface, the user interface bar enabling a user to interact with the power distribution board.

57. The rack module of claim 55 or 56, wherein the panel control module includes a fan module receiving compartment for the fan module.

58. The rack module of claim 57, wherein the panel control module comprises the fan module in the fan module receiving compartment.

59. The rack module of claim 57 or 58, wherein the panel control module further includes an air duct configured to direct airflow from the fan module receiving compartment to one side of the panel control module.

60. The rack module of claim 59, wherein the end of the air duct is arranged such that when the additional rack module is positioned in an adjacent receiving compartment of the plurality of receiving compartments, the end of the air duct is aligned with the air duct of the additional rack module.

61. The rack module according to any one of claims 55-60, wherein the panel control module includes a mounting element configured to mount a gateway module to the top surface of the panel control module, wherein the gateway module is configured as a field controller for a building.

62. A closed front panel for a switchboard, the closed front panel comprising: First panel; as well as A first group of two or more modular closed front panels, the first group of two or more modular closed front panels being attached to a first side of the first panel and extending away from the first side of the first panel.

63. The closed front panel according to claim 62, further comprising: A second set of two or more modular closed front panels on the second side of the first panel opposite to the first side.

64. The closed front panel of claim 62 or 63, wherein the first panel forms an aperture configured to allow light from a light indicator to pass through the first closed front panel.

65. The closed front panel according to any one of claims 62 to 64, wherein the closed front portion is positioned on the front surface of the power distribution panel.

66. The closed front panel according to any one of claims 62 to 65, wherein the closed front panel is configured to be coupled to the front surface of the power distribution board.

67. The closed front panel of claim 66, wherein the first panel forms a hole configured to receive a fastener coupling the closed front panel to the front surface of the power distribution board.

68. The closed front panel according to any one of claims 62 to 67, wherein the modular closed front panels in the first group are configured to be removed individually.

69. The enclosed front panel according to any one of claims 62 to 68, wherein the modular enclosed front panel in the first group is aligned with a slot configured to receive an overcurrent distribution board.

70. The enclosed front panel according to any one of claims 62 to 69, wherein the modular enclosed front panel in the first group is aligned with an electrical plug claw protruding through the housing of an electrical module of the distribution board, the electrical plug claw being configured to engage an overcurrent circuit breaker.

71. The closed front panel according to any one of claims 62 to 70, wherein the modular closed front panel in the first group includes tabs configured to engage with a second closed front panel of the power distribution board.

72. The closed front panel according to any one of claims 62 to 71, wherein the modular closed front panel in the first group includes a support structure extending downward to the front surface of the power distribution board.

73. A power distribution board having an air duct configured to guide airflow through the power distribution board.

74. The distribution board of claim 73, wherein the air path through the air duct of the distribution board is substantially parallel to the length of the busbar of the distribution board.

75. The distribution board according to claim 73 or 74, wherein the air duct guides airflow through a branch circuit module, the branch circuit module being configured to distribute power from the busbar to the branch circuit.

76. The power distribution board according to any one of claims 73 to 75, wherein the air duct comprises an assembly of aligned air ducts of modules of the power distribution board.

77. The power distribution board of claim 76, wherein the air duct of the module of the power distribution board is configured to guide airflow through the module.

78. The distribution board of claim 77, wherein the air duct of the module is configured to guide air from a first side of the module to a second side of the module.

79. The power distribution board of claim 78, wherein the air duct of the module includes one or more fins configured to direct air to internal components of the rack module.

80. A ridge of a frame, the ridge comprising: Rear panel; Sidewalls extending from the edge of the rear panel; Two spaced-apart busbars are fixed to the rear panel and extend parallel to the sidewall; as well as A guide structure extending from the sidewall defines a receiving compartment for bridging the two busbar attachment rack modules. The receiving compartment is configured for field installation of the rack module, and for each receiving compartment: the two busbars include a hole pattern for connecting the rack module to the busbars, and the sidewall includes an opening to allow an electrical connection for providing data to the rack module to pass through the opening.

81. A ridge of a frame, the ridge comprising: Each receiving compartment, configured as a receiver rack module, is formed by the following: Panel section; The portion of the wall that rises from the first edge of the panel and extends along the first edge; The two busbar sections are spaced apart from each other and fixed to the panel; as well as One or more guide structures extending from the surface of the first wall, the guide structures being configured to (a) engage with the rack module and (b) prevent the received rack module from sliding into an adjacent receiving compartment.

82. The ridge according to claim 81, wherein the frame is a power distribution board.

83. The ridge according to claim 81 or 82, wherein the receiving compartment is used to attach the rack module across the two busbars.

84. The ridge according to any one of claims 81 to 83, wherein the receiving compartment is configured for field installation of the rack module.

85. The ridge according to any one of claims 81 to 84, wherein the guide structure is in a fixed position relative to the busbar.

86. The ridge according to any one of claims 81 to 85, wherein the two busbars travel parallel to each other.

87. The ridge according to any one of claims 81 to 86, wherein each receiving compartment is additionally formed by a portion of the second wall that rises from and extends along the second edge of the panel.

88. The ridge of claim 87, wherein each receiving compartment is additionally formed by one or more guide structures extending from the surface of the second wall facing the first wall.

89. The ridge according to any one of claims 81 to 88, wherein the ridge further comprises a neutral busbar or a ground busbar fixed to the top surface of the wall.

90. The ridge according to any one of claims 81 to 89, wherein each busbar includes a hole along the length of the busbar and aligned with a hole on the other busbar, and the set of aligned holes is configured to receive a fastener that holds the rack module in physical contact with the busbar.

91. The ridge according to any one of claims 81 to 90, wherein the two busbars include a hole pattern for attaching the rack module to the two busbars.

92. The ridge according to any one of claims 81 to 91, wherein the wall includes cavities spaced along the length of the wall and located at positions aligned with the receiving compartment.

93. The ridge according to any one of claims 81 to 92, wherein the guide structure is a tab.

94. The ridge according to any one of claims 81 to 93, wherein the guide structure engages with the outer surface of the rack module.

95. The ridge of claim 94, wherein the guide structure is configured to engage with the track recess of the frame module.

96. A ridge of a frame, the ridge comprising: Rear panel; Two busbars spaced apart from each other and fixed to the rear panel, each busbar including a hole along the length of the busbar and aligned with a hole on the other busbar, the set of aligned holes being configured to receive a fastener that holds the rack module in physical contact with the busbar; as well as A wall that rises from and extends along a first edge of the panel, the wall including cavities spaced apart along the length of the wall and at positions relative to the holes of the manifold.

97. The ridge of claim 96 further includes one or more guide structures extending from the surface of the wall, the guide structures being configured to (a) engage with the rack module and (b) prevent the received rack module from sliding into an adjacent receiving compartment.

98. The ridge according to claim 97, wherein the guide structure is a tab.

99. The ridge according to any one of claims 96-98, further comprising the guide structure extending from the wall, the guide structure defining the receiving compartment for attaching a rack module across the two busbars, wherein the receiving compartment is configured for field installation of the rack module, and for each receiving compartment: the two busbars include a hole pattern for attaching the rack module to the two busbars, and the wall includes an opening to allow an electrical connection for providing data to the rack module through the opening.

100. A gateway module for a building's electrical distribution board, the gateway module being configured as a site controller for the building.

101. The gateway module of claim 100, wherein the gateway module includes a housing configured to be physically coupled to the power distribution board.

102. The gateway module of claim 101, wherein the housing is configured to be physically mounted to the power distribution board.

103. The gateway module of claim 102, wherein the housing is configured as a modular electrical component physically mounted to the power distribution board.

104. The gateway module of claim 103, wherein the housing includes a first side configured to hold a port for connecting a cable to the gateway module.

105. The gateway module of claim 104, wherein the housing further includes a recess on a second side opposite to the first side, the recess being configured to engage with a protrusion of a receiving compartment on the modular electrical component of the power distribution board.

106. The gateway module of claim 103, wherein the modular electrical component of the power distribution board is a panel control module configured to manage the control of the power distribution board.

107. The gateway module of claim 103 or 106, wherein the modular electrical component is configured to slide into a receiving compartment of a ridge of the distribution board, wherein the ridge includes a plurality of receiving compartments.

108. The gateway module of claim 107, wherein the modular electrical component comprises: A first electrical contact is located on a first side of the insertion element and is configured to physically contact the first busbar of the ridge; and / or A second electrical contact on the second side of the insertion element opposite to the first side, the second electrical contact being configured to contact the second busbar of the ridge.

109. The gateway module according to any one of claims 101 to 108, wherein the housing houses a component of the gateway module, the component comprising: A collection of one or more processors. Computer-readable storage media, and A collection of one or more antennas.

110. The gateway module according to any one of claims 101 to 109, wherein the gateway module is configured to communicate with two or more power distribution boards of the building.

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