A composition for improving fruit setting rate of cherry and application thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a composition for improving cherry fruit set rate, and also to an application of this composition, belonging to the field of cherry cultivation technology. The composition for improving cherry fruit set rate of this invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts gibberellic acid, 45-80 parts cytokinin, 5-15 parts auxin, 25-40 parts water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, 20-25 parts auxiliary materials, and 15,000 parts water. The composition of this invention not only provides external nutrition for cherry growth, but is also safe, stable, light in color, and does not contaminate the fruit surface. While ensuring fruit set rate, this invention also reduces physiological fruit drop, solves the problem of petal and calyx refusal, reduces the workload of fruit farmers, and simultaneously improves fruit size and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a composition for improving cherry fruit set rate, and also to an application of the composition, belonging to the field of cherry cultivation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Cherries have been cultivated in my country for over 3,000 years, but sweet cherries have only experienced rapid growth in the last 20 years. Sweet cherries are popular with consumers due to their large size, sweetness, variety, rich nutrition, and safety. However, cherry cultivation is significantly affected by weather conditions, local environment, and human management practices. In recent years, abnormal weather during the flowering period and low bee activity have frequently led to low fruit set rates. This often manifests as flowers failing to set fruit, fruit drop after setting, severe fruit shrinkage, and poor quality, resulting in reduced yields, significant economic losses for fruit farmers, and negatively impacting their planting enthusiasm. Since most sweet cherries are cross-pollinated, with fewer self-pollinating varieties, the "Tieton" variety, known for its poor fruit set, is a prime example. The Tieton cherry, bred by Washington State University and introduced to China in 1988, is currently one of the fastest-growing early-to-mid-maturing, large-fruited, and cross-pollinated varieties in the country. After entering dormancy, it requires a certain amount of chilling for flower buds to differentiate successfully. However, due to differences in management practices, insufficient chilling is often observed, leading to poor flower bud quality, uneven flowering, and poor pollination. Therefore, when establishing an orchard, it is common to pair it with pollinator trees. This is more prevalent in open-field cherry orchards, but in greenhouse cultivation, growers generally prefer single-variety plantings, which has a certain impact on cherry flowering and fruit set. Currently, methods to promote cherry fruit setting include pairing with pollinating trees, bee pollination, and using plant growth regulators to improve fruit setting. Among these, plant growth regulators have the characteristics of wide range of effects, many application areas, stable fruit setting, and less impact from climate. They can promote flowering and fruit setting, regulate fruit size, and promote ripening.

[0003] Cherries thrive in cool climates, especially in greenhouse cultivation where low temperatures and high humidity during flowering exacerbate petal adhesion to the fruit or calyx. Prolonged adhesion, combined with high humidity, can lead to severe gray mold disease. Furthermore, improper formulations can cause petals and calyxes to remain attached, necessitating manual removal during the second pollination process – a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Manual removal of calyxes during the young fruit stage damages the fruit, increasing additional costs. During the ripening period, the presence of calyxes forces buyers to pay extra for manual removal, thus lowering cherry prices. Therefore, a stable and appropriate formulation of fruit-setting agents is crucial for effective fruit setting and calyx removal. An inappropriate combination can easily lead to fruit set failure, excessive fruit shrinkage later in the season, significant yield losses, and excessive labor costs.

[0004] The Chinese Patent Gazette has published a Chinese invention patent with publication number CN116616301B, entitled "A Sweet Cherry Fruit Preservation Composition, Agent, and its Application in Promoting Fruit Setting in Southern Sweet Cherries." This patent primarily targets the southern varieties Jiangnan Jin, Brooks, Summit, Jiangnan Red, or Rainier, with Summit exhibiting good natural fruit setting. In major growing regions across China, such as Liaoning, Shandong, Tianshui in Gansu, and Shaanxi, the representative variety is Meizao, which also suffers from the most prominent fruit setting problems. The patent does not address the significant climatic differences between the north and south; in the south, higher rainfall and temperatures result in poor fruit setting, while in the north, lower rainfall and insufficient temperature and sunlight during greenhouse cultivation contribute to poor fruit setting.

[0005] Chinese patent publication CN112262849A, entitled "Compound Agent for Improving Fruit Setting Rate of Southern Sweet Cherries and Method Therefor Improving Fruit Setting Rate," describes an invention patent application. This application addresses the problem of introducing northern cherry varieties (cherries are a northern crop) to the south. The high annual temperatures, poor flower bud differentiation, and heavy rainfall and disease during the flowering period make fruit setting difficult, primarily due to climate and variety adaptability issues. Furthermore, the Summit variety listed in this patent is known for its easy fruit setting; it generally sets fruit well in open-field cultivation and typically does not present significant problems in northern regions, requiring no special treatment or pollination unless affected by weather. Additionally, cherries prefer cool climates. In northern regions, to increase profits and bring the fruit to market earlier, greenhouses are often used, sometimes with temperatures below 10°C. Gibberellic acid activity increases with rising temperatures, and the low gibberellic acid dosage in this patent leads to slow fruit growth, failing to meet production requirements, and increasing the risk of fruit drop or shrinkage. Early-ripening cherries cannot self-pollinate and require exogenous plant growth regulators to assist fruit setting. Furthermore, greenhouse cultivation often involves a single variety, making it impossible to implement pollinator trees as required for open-field cultivation. Therefore, higher doses of plant growth regulators are needed to aid fruit setting. Facility cultivation is expensive, and the temperatures inside are often low with poor light, leading to higher risks and requiring more stable treatment plans. Often, three applications are needed to achieve the desired effect. The application scope of the aforementioned patent literature is limited; it is not suitable for Early-ripening cherries. Moreover, while this patent literature shows good results for Summit cherries, in actual production, the solution used in northern greenhouse Summit cherries suffers from insufficient dosage or inapplicability, easily leading to fruit shrinkage and drop. Simultaneously, the patent literature carries a significant risk of fruit drop when used on difficult-to-set-fruit varieties such as Early-ripening cherries. The aforementioned Summit cherry variety has a high natural fruit set rate. When the flowering rate reaches over 80%, the natural fruit set rate is 24%-25%. Furthermore, according to the patent's usage standards, artificial pollination and natural pollination result in almost the same rate of small fruit. This means that artificial pollination only increases the fruit set rate but cannot prevent small fruit production. Recent surveys and experiments show that achieving a 70%-80% fruit set rate for "Meizao" cherry trees with normal vigor before physiological fruit drop is feasible and realistic. After physiological fruit drop, a fruit set rate of 50%-60% is sufficient to achieve the ideal yield target. An excessively high fruit set rate leads to small fruit, requiring manual thinning of excessive small fruit. The final ripening rate should reach 50%-60%, not the higher the better. In fact, a fruit set rate exceeding 90% leads to high nutrient consumption and competition for nutrients, exacerbating fruit shrinkage and drop after three pollinations. Furthermore, according to research, the required concentration of the technology mentioned in the patent cannot meet the fruit setting needs of early-ripening cherries, especially in greenhouse cultivation, where the concentration is 75-112 mg / L, while the minimum concentration required for fruit setting of early-ripening cherries is 100-150 mg / L. Therefore, it can be inferred that the concentration proposed in this patent cannot be widely used on early-ripening cherries in northern China.In summary, the aforementioned patent documents are only applicable to varieties from the south and those that are easy to set fruit, and are not suitable for the difficult-to-set-fruit "Meizao" variety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composition for improving the fruit set rate of cherries.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the composition in promoting rapid petal shedding.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention employs a composition for improving the fruit setting rate of cherries. The composition consists of the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts gibberellic acid, 45-80 parts cytokinin, 5-15 parts auxin, 25-40 parts water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, 20-25 parts auxiliary materials, and 15,000 parts water.

[0009] The gibberellic acid mentioned is a 4% gibberellic acid soluble solution or a 3% gibberellic acid soluble solution.

[0010] The cytokinin is composed of 20-30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate and 25-50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos.

[0011] The auxin is any one of naphthaleneacetic acid, sodium naphthaleneacetate, p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, p-bromophenoxyacetic acid, or indolebutyric acid.

[0012] The auxin is naphthaleneacetic acid, preferably a 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution.

[0013] The excipients are any one of brassinolide, sodium nitrophenolate, aminoethyl ester, or triacontanol.

[0014] The excipient is 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution.

[0015] The amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer contains amino acids with a mass concentration ≥100g / L, Fe with a mass concentration ≥0.5g / L, Zn with a mass concentration ≥15g / L, and B with a mass concentration ≥5g / L.

[0016] The present invention also provides the application of a composition for improving cherry fruit set rate in promoting rapid petal drop.

[0017] Specifically, it is used to promote the rapid shedding of petals from "Meizao" cherry blossoms.

[0018] The preferred composition of Composition I is: 40 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate or 50 parts of 3% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 20 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate or 10-20 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 5-10 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0019] The preferred composition of Composition II is: 60 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate or 70 parts of 3% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 10-13.5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous concentrate, 50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous concentrate, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0020] The preferred composition of Composition III is: 60 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate or 70 parts of 3% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 10-13.5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous concentrate, 50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous concentrate, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0021] Composition I is used during the flowering period to promote ovary enlargement and seedless fruit formation by using plant growth regulators, without affecting the normal shedding of petals.

[0022] Composition II aims to ensure rapid fruit enlargement. Composition III uses approximately the same dosage as Composition II, with the aim of meeting the cherry's hormone requirements before it enters the pit hardening stage.

[0023] When over 80% of the 'Meizao' cherry blossoms have bloomed, and 80% of the petals are flat, on a sunny day with a daytime temperature of 20±2℃ and a nighttime temperature of 8-10℃, spray the 'Meizao' cherry blossoms once using a cherry-specific spot sprayer. A fungicide and red pigment can be added to the spray for marking to prevent flower rot. When the young 'Meizao' cherry fruits are between the size of a soybean and a peanut, on a sunny day with a daytime temperature of 20±2℃ and a nighttime temperature of 8-10℃, apply Composition II to the young 'Meizao' cherry fruits once, avoiding spraying the leaves as much as possible. When the young 'Meizao' cherry fruits grow to the size of a peanut, on a sunny day with a temperature of 20±2℃ and a nighttime temperature of 8-10℃, apply Composition III to the young 'Meizao' cherry fruits once. When the shoots of the 'Meizao' cherry trees reach over 10cm in length, apply a growth regulator or perform physical pinching to prevent excessive vegetative growth that could lead to severe fruit drop.

[0024] The composition of this invention not only improves the fruit set rate of "Meizao" cherry but also promotes rapid petal drop. It clarifies the appropriate types and application ranges of cytokinins, determines the dosage and range of auxins, and formulates application schemes suitable for greenhouses, cold greenhouses, and open fields. Having undergone multi-site verification, it has the potential for large-scale application. Furthermore, it innovates in specific application methods, focusing on the developmental status of fruits and flowers rather than relying on the number of days, making it more scientific. This method ensures both the fruit set rate of "Meizao" and other cherry varieties and promotes rapid petal drop, reducing manual removal workload and increasing efficiency. This method can be used in both greenhouse and open-field cultivation modes. This invention primarily addresses the difficulty in fruit set of the main cultivated varieties and the problems of difficult fruit set under different cultivation modes, especially in greenhouses without bee pollinators and with few pollinating trees, providing independently developed solutions for each.

[0025] The raw material ratio of the composition of the present invention has strict requirements, wherein the final concentration ratio of gibberellic acid to naphthaleneacetic acid is between 1 and 8:1, preferably between 2.6 and 4.5:1, and most preferably between 2.6 and 3.6:1, and the concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid is between 10 and 50 mg / L.

[0026] The combined formula promotes rapid flower and calyx removal. The first mixing ratio plays a crucial role in flower and calyx removal. When used according to the recommended time, while ensuring fruit set rate, the above formula can achieve good flower and calyx removal results, avoiding problems such as petals not falling off and calyx remaining, and reducing the need for manual removal of petals and calyx, thus reducing additional input.

[0027] Accurate application method of the combined treatment: This invention proposes a method for determining the timing of pesticide application, emphasizing the development speed and state of flowers and fruits, rather than mechanically emphasizing the interval days. Because temperature, weather, and other factors vary greatly in different regions and facilities, the interval days can be uncertain and inaccurate. A more reasonable application method can ensure more accurate guidance for agricultural operations. The main varieties and conditions for application are "Meizao" cherries grown in open fields and in greenhouses, but it is not limited to "Meizao".

[0028] The composition of this invention not only provides external nutrition for cherry growth, but is also safe, stable, and produces a light color without contaminating the fruit surface. This invention ensures fruit set while reducing physiological fruit drop, solving the problem of petals and calyxes not falling off, reducing the workload of fruit farmers, and resulting in better fruit size and quality.

[0029] The gibberellic acid in this invention has the effects of breaking dormancy, increasing fruit set rate, promoting cell division and cell elongation, promoting fruit enlargement, increasing yield, and forming seedless fruit; benzylaminopurine can promote cell division, promote young fruit development, enlarge fruit, induce flower bud differentiation, and strengthen fruit to increase yield; naphthaleneacetic acid can promote cell division and expansion, increase fruit set, and prevent fruit drop; sodium nitrophenolate can quickly penetrate into the plant, promote the flow of intracellular protoplasm, which is beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll and protein, prevent flower and fruit drop, and increase yield; chlorpyrifos has continuous and stronger cytokinin activity, which can significantly promote fruit enlargement, improve photosynthesis, enhance stress resistance, delay senescence, and increase fruit set rate; the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer can supplement the supply of amino acids, Fe, Zn, and B required for fruit set in early-ripening cherries.

[0030] This invention combines the above-mentioned ingredients for use during the early cherry growing season: When over 80% of the flowers have opened, Composition I promotes rapid fruit setting in cherries. It also reduces the likelihood of flower rot caused by petals remaining on the petals for extended periods within greenhouses. Before applying Composition II, most petals have already fallen off, ensuring better contact between the solution and the fruit surface for optimal results. The flower drop rate is 78.68%–91.76%, with most petals falling off successfully, avoiding subsequent manual removal and saving labor. It also promotes fruit enlargement and reduces fruit shrinkage and drop. Fruit setting is a prerequisite for yield. "Early Meizao" cherries require a large accumulation of hormones during the pit-hardening stage to successfully pass through this period. Insufficient endogenous hormone levels during this time can lead to significant physiological fruit drop. Therefore, Composition II and Composition III should be sprayed twice consecutively during the young fruit stage, with an interval of about one week. This promotes fruit enlargement and effectively reduces physiological fruit drop in the later stages of "Early Meizao" cherries. No subsequent fruit shrinkage occurred, and the final fruit set rate reached more than 50% (generally, under normal flower quantity, a final fruit set rate of around 50% is normal; if there are too many, thinning is necessary, otherwise there will be insufficient nutrition, more fruit drop, and smaller fruit), which meets the production requirements.

[0031] The fruit grows rapidly, especially after using Composition II and Composition III.

[0032] High marketable fruit rate: Among 30 randomly selected fruits, 40-90% of the fruits weighed ≥12g.

[0033] Large fruit size: The average weight of a single fruit is 13-15.89g, meeting the standard of high-quality first-grade fruit. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the fruit setting effect of early-ripening cherries after using the composition of the present invention in Example 1; Figure 2 Example 1 shows the effect of deflowering and calyx removal on early-blooming cherry after using the composition of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to the embodiments: Example 1 This embodiment describes a composition for improving the fruit set rate of early-ripening cherries, consisting of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, an amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and water. The amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer contains amino acids with a mass concentration ≥100g / L, Fe with a mass concentration ≥0.5g / L, Zn with a mass concentration ≥15g / L, and B with a mass concentration ≥5g / L. The 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, and the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are all provided by Zhengzhou Zhengshi Chemical Products Co., Ltd.

[0036] When the flowering rate of the aforementioned early-blooming cherry reaches 80% or more, use Composition I: 40 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 20 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 10 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous concentrate, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous concentrate, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water. When the young fruit of the aforementioned early-ripening cherry is between the size of a soybean and a peanut, the following composition II is used: 60 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 13.5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water. When the young fruit of the aforementioned early-maturing cherry reaches the size of a peanut, use Composition III: 60 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 13.5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0037] This embodiment also provides the application of the above composition in improving the fruit set rate of "Meizao" cherry and promoting the rapid petal drop of "Meizao" cherry, as detailed below: When over 80% of the 'Meizao' cherry blossoms have opened, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the flower centers once with Composition I. During spraying, add a fungicide and red pigment to Composition I to prevent flower rot and to mark the petals. When the young 'Meizao' cherry fruits are between the size of a soybean and a peanut, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the young fruits once with Composition II. When the young 'Meizao' cherry fruits grow to the size of a peanut, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the young fruits once with Composition III. When the 'Meizao' cherry branches reach over 10cm in length, spray with a growth regulator or use physical pinching to prevent excessive vegetative growth that could lead to severe fruit drop.

[0038] This experiment was conducted in a "Meizao" cherry greenhouse in Sunyao Village, Wafangdian City, Dalian, Liaoning Province. The "Meizao" cherry trees were 10-15 years old, and the greenhouse area was 2.3 mu (approximately 0.15 acres). A total of 2 "Meizao" cherry trees were surveyed. The fruit set rate was measured on the day of application of Composition II (March 26, 2024), after pit hardening (April 20, 2024), and at harvest (May 21, 2024). Petal drop was also measured on the day of application of Composition II, and cherry quality was assessed at harvest. Specific results are detailed below. Figure 1 , Figure 2 See Table 1.

[0039]

[0040] Figure 1 The diagram shows the fruit setting effect of the early cherry after using the composition of Example 1 of this invention: The fruit setting effect was investigated by taking pictures during the first pollination (3.15) and the second pollination (3.26). At this time, the composition set fruit well, while the control petals withered and fruit setting failed. Until maturity (5.21), the fruit treated with the composition still set fruit well.

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the effect of using the composition of Example 1 of this invention on the removal of petals and sepals of early cherry: The investigation of the removal of petals and sepals was conducted during the first fruit expansion period after the flowers withered. At this time, it was observed that the petals and sepals of the cherry treated with the composition were almost completely removed, while the petals and sepals of the cherry treated without the composition were still present. Example 2

[0042] The composition for improving the fruit setting rate of "Meizao" cherries in this embodiment consists of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and water. The amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer contains amino acids with a mass concentration ≥100g / L, Fe with a mass concentration ≥0.5g / L, Zn with a mass concentration ≥15g / L, and B with a mass concentration ≥5g / L. The 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, and amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are all provided by Zhengzhou Zhengshi Chemical Products Co., Ltd.

[0043] When the flowering rate of "Meizao" cherry reaches more than 80%, use Composition I: 40 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 20 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 10 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water. When the young fruit of "Meizao" cherry is between the size of a soybean and a peanut, use Composition II: 60 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble solution, 30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble solution, 13.5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water; When the young "Meizao" cherries reach the size of peanuts, use Composition III: 60 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 13.5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0044] This embodiment also provides the application of the above composition in improving the fruit set rate of "Meizao" cherries and promoting the rapid petal drop of "Meizao" cherries. The specific method is as follows: When over 80% of the "Meizao" cherry blossoms have opened, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the flower centers once with Composition I. During spraying, add a fungicide and red pigment to Composition I to prevent flower rot and to mark the petals. When the young "Meizao" cherry fruits are between the size of a soybean and a peanut, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the young fruits once with Composition II. When the young "Meizao" cherry fruits grow to the size of a peanut, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the young fruits once with Composition III. When the branches of the "Meizao" cherry trees reach over 10cm in length, spray with a growth regulator or use physical pinching to prevent excessive vegetative growth that could lead to severe fruit drop.

[0045] This experiment was conducted in a Meizao cherry greenhouse in Sunyao Village, Wafangdian City, Dalian, Liaoning Province. The Meizao cherry trees were 10-15 years old, the greenhouse area was 2 mu (approximately 0.33 hectares), and a total of 2 Meizao cherry trees were surveyed. The cherry fruit set rate and petal drop were investigated on the same day as the application of Composition II (March 11, 2024). The cherry quality was investigated at the time of harvest (May 4, 2024). The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0046]

[0047] Example 3 The composition for improving the fruit set rate of early-ripening cherries in this embodiment consists of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and water. The amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer contains amino acids with a mass concentration ≥100g / L, Fe with a mass concentration ≥0.5g / L, Zn with a mass concentration ≥15g / L, and B with a mass concentration ≥5g / L. The 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, and amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are all provided by Zhengzhou Zhengshi Chemical Products Co., Ltd.

[0048] When the flowering rate of "Meizao" cherry reaches more than 80%, use Composition I: 40 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 20 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 10 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0049] When the young fruit of the "Meizao" cherry is between the size of a soybean and a peanut, use Composition II: 60 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 13.5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0050] When the young "Meizao" cherries reach the size of peanuts, use Composition III: 60 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 13.5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0051] This embodiment also provides the application of the above-mentioned composition in improving the fruit set rate of "Meizao" cherries and promoting the rapid petal drop of "Meizao" cherries. The specific method is as follows: When over 80% of the 'Meizao' cherry blossoms have opened, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the flower centers once with Composition I. During spraying, add a fungicide and red pigment to Composition I to prevent flower rot and to mark the petals. When the young 'Meizao' cherry fruits are between the size of a soybean and a peanut, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the young fruits once with Composition II. When the young 'Meizao' cherry fruits grow to the size of a peanut, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the young fruits once with Composition III. When the 'Meizao' cherry branches reach over 10cm in length, spray with a growth regulator or use physical pinching to prevent excessive vegetative growth that could lead to severe fruit drop.

[0052] This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Dongdahao Village, Dali County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. The Meizao cherry trees were 8 years old, the greenhouse area was 2 mu (approximately 0.13 hectares), and a total of 2 Meizao cherry trees were surveyed. The cherry fruit set rate and petal drop were investigated on the same day as the application of Composition II (April 7, 2024). The cherry quality was investigated at the time of harvest (May 15, 2024). The specific results are shown in Table 3.

[0053]

[0054] Example 4 The composition for improving the fruit set rate of early-ripening cherries in this embodiment consists of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 0.1% benzyl chlorpyrifos soluble concentrate, 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and water. The amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer contains amino acids with a mass concentration ≥100g / L, Fe with a mass concentration ≥0.5g / L, Zn with a mass concentration ≥15g / L, and B with a mass concentration ≥5g / L. The 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 0.1% benzyl chlorpyrifos soluble concentrate, 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, and amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are all provided by Zhengzhou Zhengshi Chemical Products Co., Ltd.

[0055] When the flowering rate of "Meizao" cherry reaches more than 80%, use Composition I: 40 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 20 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos soluble concentrate, 5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0056] When the young fruit of the "Meizao" cherry is between the size of a soybean and a peanut, use Composition II: 60 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 13.5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0057] When the young "Meizao" cherries reach the size of peanuts, use Composition III: 60 parts of 4% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, 30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate, 13.5 parts of 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution, 50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos, 20 parts of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, 40 parts of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and 15,000 parts of water.

[0058] This embodiment also provides the application of the above-mentioned composition in improving the fruit set rate of "Meizao" cherries and promoting the rapid petal drop of "Meizao" cherries. The specific method is as follows: When over 90% of the "Meizao" cherry blossoms have opened, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the flower centers once with Composition I. During spraying, add a fungicide and red pigment to Composition I to prevent flower rot and to mark the petals. When the young "Meizao" cherry fruits are between the size of a soybean and a peanut, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the young fruits once with Composition II. When the young "Meizao" cherry fruits grow to the size of a peanut, maintain the greenhouse temperature at around 20℃ and spray the young fruits once with Composition III. When the shoots of the "Meizao" cherry trees reach over 10cm in length, spray with a growth regulator or use physical pinching to prevent excessive vegetative growth that could lead to severe fruit drop.

[0059] This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Wujianfang Village, Paoya Township, Wafangdian City, Liaoning Province. The "Meizao" cherry trees were 8 years old, the greenhouse area was 2 mu (approximately 0.16 acres), and a total of 24 Meizao cherry trees were surveyed. The cherry fruit set rate was investigated 16 days after the application of composition I (April 3, 2025) and on the day of harvest (June 10, 2025). Petal drop was investigated on the day composition II was applied (April 10, 2025), and cherry quality was checked at the time of ripe harvest (June 10, 2025). The specific results are shown in Table 4.

[0060]

[0061] While tracking fruit set and flower drop results in the four experimental plots mentioned above after using the composition of this invention, we also conducted a final investigation on the impact of three applications of the compound agent on the quality of the cherry fruit itself during the ripening period of the early-ripening cherry. Since the early-ripening cherries without the composition failed to set fruit properly after flowering and all fruit fell off, we only provided the effects after using the composition when investigating indicators such as the single fruit weight of early-ripening cherries. The investigation results are shown in Table 5.

[0062]

[0063] This shows that in all four experimental plots, the fruit set rate of Meizao cherry was over 50%, which meets the planting needs of local farmers. An excessively high fruit set rate often leads to an excessive load on the tree, increasing nutrient competition among the fruits. The intense competition for nutrients among large fruits eventually results in a large number of small fruits falling off due to nutrient deficiency, i.e., physiological fruit drop. An excessively high fruit set rate also increases the burden on farmers' agricultural operations. Farmers need to manually remove small and weak fruits before the fruit enters the pit hardening stage to ensure the nutrient supply of strong fruits, allowing them to successfully pass through the pit hardening stage. In the later stages, the fruit expands rapidly, increasing the marketable fruit rate.

[0064] The dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not limited to a soluble dosage form. Any single-agent dilution for use or a compound preparation diluted within the scope of the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition for improving fruit set in cherries, characterized in that: The composition consists of the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts gibberellic acid, 45-80 parts cytokinin, 5-15 parts auxin, 25-40 parts water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, 20-25 parts excipients, and 15,000 parts water.

2. The composition for improving fruit set of cherry according to claim 1, characterized by: The gibberellic acid mentioned is a 4% gibberellic acid soluble solution or a 3% gibberellic acid soluble solution.

3. The composition for improving fruit set of cherry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cytokinin is composed of 20-30 parts of 2% benzylaminopurine soluble concentrate and 20-50 parts of 0.1% chlorpyrifos.

4. The composition for improving fruit set of cherry according to claim 1, characterized by: The auxin is any one of naphthaleneacetic acid, sodium naphthaleneacetic acid, p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, p-bromophenoxyacetic acid, or indolebutyric acid.

5. The composition for improving fruit set of cherry according to claim 4, characterized in that: The auxin is naphthaleneacetic acid, preferably a 5% naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution.

6. The composition for improving fruit set of cherry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excipients are any one of brassinolide, sodium nitrophenolate, aminoethyl ester, or triacontanol.

7. The composition for improving fruit set of cherry according to claim 6, characterized by: The excipient is 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution.

8. The composition for improving fruit set of cherry according to claim 1, characterized by: The amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer contains amino acids with a mass concentration ≥100g / L, Fe with a mass concentration ≥0.5g / L, Zn with a mass concentration ≥15g / L, and B with a mass concentration ≥5g / L.

9. The use of the composition for improving cherry fruit set as described in claim 1 in promoting rapid petal drop.

10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: Application in promoting the rapid shedding of petals from "Meizao" cherry blossoms.

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