Fire sensing automatic sprinkler

Abstract

This application relates to the field of fire protection equipment technology, specifically disclosing a fire-responsive automatic sprinkler device, comprising: a heat conduction plate disposed on the lower surface of the ceiling; a main water supply pipe with a connecting plate at its lower end; multiple water supply branch pipes, the inlet end of each branch pipe being connected to the connecting plate via a one-way valve, the branch pipes being coiled on the heat conduction plate to form a coil sensing area, and the interior of each branch pipe being filled with silicone oil; and an active triggering connection component disposed between the end of each branch pipe and a multi-directional sprinkler mechanism, the active triggering connection component including a sleeve and an internal movable sealing element slidably disposed within the sleeve. This invention solves multiple defects of traditional fire sprinklers, such as delayed temperature-sensing triggering, lack of adaptive water control leading to secondary damage from flooding, single spray pattern susceptible to airflow and obstruction, and inability to switch water output modes as needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire-fighting equipment technology, specifically to an automatic fire-response sprinkler system. Background Technology

[0002] In archives, server rooms, and large open spaces, existing automatic sprinkler systems generally have the following problems.

[0003] First, most existing nozzles use glass bulb temperature sensing elements, which have a very small heating surface. The glass bulb only breaks and triggers when the fire plume directly hits the top of the nozzle, resulting in slow detection and a large number of blind spots, often missing the best opportunity to extinguish a fire in its early stages.

[0004] Second, the existing system sprays water at maximum flow rate once triggered, lacking an adaptive water distribution mechanism. Even if the fire is brought under control after water spraying and the ambient temperature drops significantly, the nozzles continue to spray water at full flow rate, causing extremely serious secondary damage to protected items such as confidential files and expensive servers due to flooding.

[0005] Third, the water mist from a fixed vertical spray is easily lifted and dispersed by the strong updraft (fire plume) generated by a fire, and is easily blocked by obstacles such as cabinets and shelves, making it impossible to directly hit the internal fire source.

[0006] Fourth, while a fixed jet of water has strong penetrating power, it has a small coverage area and is prone to damaging objects. While a fixed jet of fine water mist has a good cooling effect, it has weak penetrating power and lacks a dynamic switching mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a fire-responsive automatic sprinkler device, the main purpose of which is to solve the multiple defects of traditional fire sprinklers, such as delayed temperature-sensing triggering, lack of adaptive water control which easily causes secondary damage from floods, single spraying mode which is easily affected by airflow and obstacles, and inability to switch water output modes as needed.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a fire-response automatic sprinkler system, installed on the ceiling, comprising: A heat conduction plate is disposed on the lower surface of the ceiling; The main water supply pipe has a connecting plate at its lower end; Multiple water supply branch pipes, the inlet end of each water supply branch pipe is connected to the connecting plate through a one-way valve, the water supply branch pipe is coiled on the heat conduction plate to form a coil sensing area, and the inside of the water supply branch pipe is filled with silicone oil. An active trigger connection component is disposed between the end of each water supply branch pipe and the multi-directional water spray mechanism. The active trigger connection component includes a sleeve and an inner movable sealing member slidably disposed in the sleeve. The active trigger connection component is configured such that, under the hydraulic pressure generated by the thermal expansion of the silicone oil, the inner movable sealing member is displaced to conduct the water passage from the water supply branch pipe to the multi-directional water spray mechanism. A water flow dynamic drive mechanism is installed in the flow channel of the main water supply pipe to extract the fluid kinetic energy of the water flow and output rotational driving force. The multi-directional water spraying mechanism includes a nozzle mounting base and at least one adjustable nozzle. The nozzle mounting base is fixed to the ceiling, and the adjustable nozzle is mounted on the nozzle mounting base and connected to the outlet of the corresponding active triggering communication component. The adjustable nozzle rotates and sprays water under the action of the rotational driving force output by the water flow power drive mechanism. The active trigger connection component also includes a brittle abutment block, which abuts against the inner sidewall of the inner movable sealing member in the default state, keeping the inner movable sealing member in the closed position that blocks the water passage; when the silicone oil expands due to heat and reaches the trigger threshold, the hydraulic pressure pushes the inner movable sealing member to break the brittle abutment block to open the water passage.

[0009] In one feasible implementation, the bottom end of the inner movable sealing member is provided with a gradient water outlet, the outer end of which is a wide end; the multi-directional water spraying mechanism also includes a connecting pipe, which is fixed in the inner cavity of the nozzle mounting base and located below the gradient water outlet; the sliding displacement of the inner movable sealing member changes the effective overlap area between the gradient water outlet and the connecting pipe to adjust the water flow rate.

[0010] In one feasible implementation, the active triggering connection component further includes a thermosensitive deformation memory alloy and a spring; the thermosensitive deformation memory alloy is disposed on the inner side of the inner movable plug, with one end abutting against the inner wall of the end of the sleeve and the other end abutting against the inner movable plug; the spring is disposed at the end of the inner movable plug, located on the circumferential outer side of the brittle abutment block, and the spring applies a reset thrust to the inner movable plug in the opposite direction to the elongation direction of the thermosensitive deformation memory alloy.

[0011] In one feasible embodiment, the water flow power drive mechanism includes a drive fan blade, a transmission rod, a torque-enhancing transmission box, and a drive disc; the drive fan blade is disposed at the upper end of the transmission rod and located within the flow channel of the water supply main pipe; the lower end of the transmission rod passes through the nozzle mounting base and is connected to the drive disc in a driving connection; the torque-enhancing transmission box is disposed on the nozzle mounting base and connected in series between the transmission rod and the drive disc, for reducing the rotational speed and increasing the output torque.

[0012] In one feasible embodiment, the adjusting nozzle includes a connecting pipe, a nozzle body, a driven disc, and a nozzle; the connecting pipe is fixed in the inner cavity of the nozzle mounting base and located below the gradient outlet of the inner movable sealing member; the connecting pipe, the nozzle body, and the driven disc are connected in sequence; the outer wall of the driving disc contacts and engages with the driven disc to drive the adjusting nozzle to rotate as a whole.

[0013] In one feasible implementation, the nozzle is eccentrically positioned on the outside of the nozzle body.

[0014] In one feasible implementation, the multi-directional water spraying mechanism further includes multiple contact blocks; the contact blocks are disposed on the lower end face of the nozzle mounting base at the center of the periphery, each contact block corresponds to each of the adjustable nozzles and is located above the corresponding adjustable nozzle; a water flow characteristic adjustment knob is installed on the nozzle.

[0015] In one feasible implementation, the active triggering connection components are distributed circumferentially around the nozzle mounting base, and each water supply branch pipe is independently configured with one active triggering connection component and one adjusting nozzle. The coil sensing area of ​​each water supply branch pipe covers different protection zones of the heat conduction plate.

[0016] This application provides a fire-responsive automatic sprinkler system that utilizes a large-area heat conduction plate combined with a silicone oil-filled coil sensing area. The high volumetric thermal expansion coefficient of the silicone oil efficiently converts temperature changes in the fire scene into hydraulic pressure. This hydraulic pressure then breaks up a brittle contact block to open the water path. The entire triggering chain is a purely physical and mechanical process without any electronic components, fundamentally avoiding the risk of electronic sensors failing in high-temperature and dense smoke environments. Furthermore, the large-area distributed sensing overcomes the slow single-point sensing limitation of traditional glass bulb sprinklers. Through the combination of a thermosensitive shape memory alloy, a gradually changing water outlet, and a spring, the device can automatically adjust the water flow rate according to the water temperature. Higher water temperatures result in greater shape memory alloy elongation and a larger water flow rate; as the water temperature decreases, the spring pushes back the internal movable sealing component, automatically reducing the water flow rate. This achieves purely mechanical temperature and flow rate servo closed-loop control, effectively protecting archives, servers, and other valuables from unnecessary excessive water damage. Utilizing the fluid kinetic energy of the water flow itself to drive the fan blades to rotate, and after deceleration and torque amplification, driving multiple nozzles to rotate simultaneously, planetary sweeping can be achieved without any external power supply. The eccentrically positioned nozzles rotate or oscillate back and forth while revolving, resulting in an oblique jet trajectory that can penetrate the fire plume laterally and penetrate the obstructed area below obstacles. By adjusting the collision between the water flow characteristic adjustment component and the fixed contact block once per revolution of the nozzle, the component is forced to rotate stepwise, changing the nozzle shape. This allows the water flow pattern to continuously and gradually change between fine water mist and a straight water column, possessing both the efficient cooling and smoke removal capabilities of fine water mist and the powerful penetrating ability of a straight water column. Furthermore, the dynamically changing jet pattern avoids continuous physical damage to specific points caused by a fixed jet. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This shows a structural schematic diagram of the automatic fire-response water sprinkler device provided in an embodiment of this application from a first angle; Figure 2 This shows a structural schematic diagram of the automatic fire-response sprinkler device provided in an embodiment of this application from a second angle; Figure 3 This application shows Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the diagram; Figure 4 This application shows Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the diagram; Figure 5 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the location of the actively triggered connectivity component provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the water flow power drive mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the active triggering connectivity component provided in an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 8A schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable nozzle provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0018] In the diagram: 10. Ceiling; 20. Heat transfer plate; 30. Main water supply pipe; 40. Branch water supply pipe; 50. Multi-directional spray mechanism; 60. Water flow power drive mechanism; 31. Connecting plate; 41. Coil sensing area; 42. Active trigger connection component; 43. One-way valve; 51. Nozzle mounting base; 52. Contact block; 53. Adjustable nozzle; 61. Transmission rod; 62. Drive fan blade; 63. Drive disc; 64. Torque-enhanced transmission box; 421. Sleeve; 422. Internal movable sealing component; 423. Thermosensitive deformation memory alloy; 424. Brittle abutment block; 425. Spring; 426. Gradient water outlet; 531. Connecting pipe; 532. Nozzle body; 533. Driven disc; 534. Nozzle; 535. Water flow characteristic adjustment knob. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To better understand the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this specification and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this specification. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this specification and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0020] In this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. The term "two or more" includes two or more cases.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention provides a fire-responsive automatic sprinkler device, including a ceiling 10, a heat conduction plate 20, a main water supply pipe 30, multiple water supply branch pipes 40, multiple active triggering connection components 42, a water flow power drive mechanism 60, and a multi-directional sprinkler mechanism 50.

[0022] The heat conduction plate 20 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the ceiling 10. The heat conduction plate 20 is a heat-conducting metal plate, which can be made of aluminum alloy plate, copper plate or stainless steel plate, and its thickness can be 0.5mm to 3mm. The function of the heat conduction plate 20 is to act as a heat energy collection terminal, increase the heat exchange area, and quickly capture the high-temperature airflow generated by the fire and moving upward within the protected area.

[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, the main water supply pipe 30 vertically penetrates the ceiling 10. The upper end of the main water supply pipe 30 is used to connect to the fire water source, and the lower end of the main water supply pipe 30, i.e., the end of the vertical section, is equipped with a connecting plate 31. Multiple water supply branch pipes 40 are connected circumferentially around the connecting plate 31, and each water supply branch pipe 40 extends radially towards different directions of the fire zone with the connecting plate 31 as the center. A one-way valve 43 is installed at the inlet end of each water supply branch pipe 40, i.e., the side connected to the connecting plate 31. The one-way valve 43 operates from the side of the main water supply pipe 30 to the side of the water supply branch pipe 40. During the thermal expansion of the silicone oil, it allows the hydraulic pressure to be transmitted unidirectionally to the trigger end, while it reverses direction to cut off when the high-pressure fire water is distributed from the main water supply pipe 30 through the connecting plate 31 to each water supply branch pipe 40. The one-way valve 43 can be a spring-loaded one-way valve, a ball-type one-way valve, or a diaphragm-type one-way valve, etc.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the interior of the water supply branch pipe 40 is sealed and filled with silicone oil as a thermal expansion sensing medium. Silicone oil has a high coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion, and dimethyl silicone oil is preferred. The pipe body of the water supply branch pipe 40 is laid on the lower surface of the heat conduction plate 20 in a serpentine, spiral, or loop-shaped manner, forming a coil sensing area 41. The coil design increases the heat transfer path of the silicone oil medium and its contact area with the heat conduction plate 20, ensuring high sensitivity and large-area temperature capture of the protected zone.

[0025] In this embodiment, the coil sensing area 41 of each water supply branch pipe 40 covers different sub-zones of the heat conduction plate 20. For example, the zone is divided into twelve sectors according to the direction, and each sector is independently sensed by a water supply branch pipe 40, thereby realizing distributed fire detection in different areas. Only the regulating nozzle 53 corresponding to the fire area is triggered to spray water, while the other zones remain closed to avoid accidental spraying in non-fire areas.

[0026] The active triggering connection component 42 is located at the end of each water supply branch pipe 40, i.e., the end furthest from the connecting plate 31, between it and the multi-directional water spray mechanism 50. The active triggering connection components 42 are distributed circumferentially with the nozzle mounting base 51 as the center. Each water supply branch pipe 40 is independently equipped with one active triggering connection component 42 and one adjusting nozzle 53, forming a set of independent sensing triggering water spray units.

[0027] like Figure 7As shown, the active triggering connection component 42 includes a sleeve 421 and an inner movable sealing member 422 slidably disposed within the inner cavity of the sleeve 421. The sleeve 421 is horizontally disposed, with its outer end connected and communicating with the end of the water supply branch pipe 40, and its inner end connected to the inner cavity of the nozzle mounting seat 51. The inner movable sealing member 422 can slide along the axial direction of the sleeve 421, and its outer wall and the inner wall of the sleeve 421 achieve a sliding seal through an O-ring or clearance fit.

[0028] In the default non-triggered state, the internal movable sealing element 422 is supported by the brittle abutment block 424 in the closed position blocking the water passage. Specifically, the brittle abutment block 424 is disposed in the inner cavity of the sprinkler head mounting base 51, with one end fixed to the inner wall of the sprinkler head mounting base 51 and the other end abutting against the inner side wall of the internal movable sealing element 422, i.e., the end face facing the center of the sprinkler head mounting base 51. The brittle abutment block 424 is made of a brittle material, such as ceramic, glass, brittle plastic, or brittle metal alloy, and fractures when subjected to a predetermined threshold axial force. By selecting brittle abutment blocks 424 with different cross-sectional sizes or different materials, the fire triggering sensitivity of the device can be adjusted to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0029] like Figure 7 As shown, the bottom end of the inner movable sealing member 422 is provided with a gradually changing water outlet 426. This gradually changing water outlet 426 is an opening whose width gradually changes along the axial direction of the inner movable sealing member 422, with a narrow end near the center of the nozzle mounting base 51 and gradually widening away from the center. In the default closed state, the gradually changing water outlet 426 is completely misaligned with the inlet of the connecting pipe 531 fixed in the inner cavity of the nozzle mounting base 51, and the water path is blocked.

[0030] like Figure 7 As shown, a thermosensitive shape memory alloy 423 is provided on the inner side of the inner movable sealing member 422, i.e., the side facing the center of the nozzle mounting base 51. One end of the thermosensitive shape memory alloy 423 abuts against the inner wall of the end of the sleeve 421, and the other end abuts against the inner end face of the inner movable sealing member 422. The thermosensitive shape memory alloy 423 can be made of nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) or copper-based shape memory alloy (such as Cu-Zn-Al or Cu-Al-Ni system), and its phase transformation temperature can be set to a certain temperature point within the range of 30℃ to 60℃ according to the application scenario.

[0031] In addition, a spring 425 is provided at the end of the inner movable sealing member 422. The spring 425 is located on the circumferential outer side of the brittle abutment block 424, with one end abutting the end face of the inner movable sealing member 422 and the other end abutting the inner wall of the nozzle mounting base 51. The spring 425 applies a restoring thrust to the inner movable sealing member 422 in the opposite direction to the elongation direction of the thermosensitive deformation memory alloy 423. After the brittle contact block 424 is broken, the thermosensitive deformation memory alloy 423 interacts with the spring 425, giving the inner movable sealing member 422 the ability to move bidirectionally along the axial direction of the sleeve 421. When the temperature of the flowing water rises and exceeds the phase transformation temperature of the alloy, the thermosensitive deformation memory alloy 423 undergoes a phase transformation and elongates, pushing the inner movable sealing member 422 to move outward against the thrust of the spring 425, thus increasing the water supply. When the fire diminishes or disappears and the water temperature drops and the alloy contracts, the spring 425 pushes the inner movable sealing member 422 back inward, thus reducing the water flow.

[0032] Optionally, the thrust of the spring 425 prevents the inner movable sealing element 422 from fully resetting to its initial fully closed position during the cooling reset process. That is, the gradual outlet 426 and the connecting pipe 531 always maintain a minimum overlap state, ensuring that the device will not be accidentally shut off during cooling and will still retain a minimum continuous water output capacity until the fire is manually extinguished and then manually shut off.

[0033] like Figure 6 As shown, the water flow power drive mechanism 60 is located at the center of the multi-directional water spray mechanism 50, and includes a drive blade 62, a transmission rod 61, a torque-enhancing transmission box 64, and a drive disc 63. The drive blade 62 is located at the upper end of the transmission rod 61, within the vertical section of the water supply main pipe 30, and its central axis is coaxially and fixedly connected to the transmission rod 61. The drive blade 62 can be a multi-bladed axial flow impeller or a propeller impeller. The transmission rod 61 extends downwards in the vertical direction, its lower end passing through the central hole of the nozzle mounting base 51 and connecting to the input end of the torque-enhancing transmission box 64. The torque-enhancing transmission box 64 is installed in the middle of the nozzle mounting base 51, and its output end is connected to the drive disc 63. The torque-enhancing transmission box 64 is a speed reduction and torque amplification transmission mechanism, such as a planetary gear reducer, a worm gear reducer, or a cycloidal pinwheel reducer. Its function is to convert the high-speed, low-torque rotary motion generated by the drive blade 62 into low-speed, high-torque rotary motion, which is then output to the drive disc 63. The drive disc 63 is a disc-shaped component located below the nozzle mounting base 51.

[0034] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the multi-directional water spray mechanism 50 includes a nozzle mounting base 51, multiple contact blocks 52, and multiple adjustable nozzles 53. The nozzle mounting base 51 is fixedly installed on the ceiling 10, with its lower end extending through the ceiling 10 to below it. Multiple adjustable nozzles 53 are circumferentially positioned on the periphery of the nozzle mounting base 51, with the number of adjustable nozzles 53 corresponding one-to-one with the number of water supply branch pipes 40 and active triggering connection components 42. Multiple contact blocks 52 are fixedly installed on the lower end surface at the center of the periphery of the nozzle mounting base 51, each contact block 52 corresponding one-to-one with each adjustable nozzle 53, and located above and along the rotation path of the adjustable nozzle 53.

[0035] like Figure 8 As shown, each adjustable nozzle 53 includes a connecting pipe 531, a nozzle body 532, a driven disc 533, a nozzle 534, and a water flow characteristic adjusting swivel 535. The connecting pipe 531 is a tubular connector, with its inlet end fixed in the inner cavity of the nozzle mounting base 51, located directly below the gradient outlet 426 of the corresponding inner movable sealing member 422, and its outlet end connected to the upper end of the nozzle body 532. The nozzle body 532 is a hollow cylindrical component, rotatably mounted in the mounting position of the nozzle mounting base 51, and can rotate freely around its own central axis. The driven disc 533 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the nozzle body 532 and is integrally connected to the nozzle body 532. The outer wall of the driving disc 63 contacts and engages with the outer wall of each driven disc 533, and the engagement method can be friction transmission or gear engagement.

[0036] like Figure 8 As shown, the nozzle 534 is eccentrically positioned on the outside of the nozzle body 532, meaning that the central axis of the nozzle 534 does not coincide with the central axis of the nozzle body 532, and there is an eccentricity between them. The water flow characteristic adjustment knob 535 is installed at the end of the nozzle 534 and can rotate relative to the nozzle 534. Its outer wall is provided with a protrusion or a paddle structure.

[0037] The working process of this device is described below in conjunction with the above structure.

[0038] When a fire occurs within the protected area, the fire plume, i.e., the high-temperature airflow, rises from the fire source towards the ceiling 10, first contacting the heat conduction plate 20. The heat conduction plate 20 quickly absorbs heat and conducts it to the coil sensing area 41 in close contact with it. The silicone oil in the coil sensing area 41 expands in volume due to heat, generating isotropic hydraulic pressure within the sealed water supply branch pipe 40. This hydraulic pressure cannot pass through the one-way valve 43; it can only be conducted along the water supply branch pipe 40 to the inner cavity of the sleeve 421 of the active triggering connection component 42, directly acting on the outer end face of the inner movable sealing member 422. When the hydraulic pressure exceeds the fracture threshold of the brittle abutment block 424, the inner movable sealing member 422 is instantly displaced under the push of the hydraulic pressure, mechanically shattering the brittle abutment block 424. As the internal movable sealing component 422 shifts, its bottom gradient outlet 426 coincides with the inlet of the connecting pipe 531, thus opening the high-pressure water path of the main water supply pipe 30. Firefighting water flows from the main water supply pipe 30 through the connecting plate 31 to each branch water supply pipe 40, and then flows into the connecting pipe 531 and the nozzle body 532 via the triggered active triggering connection component 42, finally spraying out from the nozzle 534, and the device enters the firefighting combat state.

[0039] It is worth noting that, since the coil sensing area 41 of each water supply branch pipe 40 independently covers different sub-zones, when a fire occurs in a local area of ​​a zone, only the silicone oil of the water supply branch pipe 40 above that area is first fully heated and generates hydraulic pressure sufficient to break the brittle contact block 424. Therefore, only the regulating nozzle 53 corresponding to the fire area is triggered to spray water, while the regulating nozzles 53 of the other zones unaffected by the fire remain closed, minimizing accidental spraying in non-fire areas.

[0040] As the water flow is directed and sprayed out, the high-pressure water flow impacts and drives the fan blades 62 in the main water supply pipe 30, causing them to rotate. The rotational motion of the fan blades 62 is transmitted downwards through the transmission rod 61, and after being reduced and increased in torque by the torque-enhancing transmission box 64, it drives the drive disc 63 at the bottom to rotate at a low speed with a large torque. The outer wall of the drive disc 63 drives the driven disc 533 of each adjusting nozzle 53 to rotate through friction or gear meshing, thereby driving the nozzle body 532 to rotate around its own central axis.

[0041] Because the nozzle 534 is eccentrically positioned on the outside of the nozzle body 532, while the nozzle body 532 rotates around its own axis, the nozzle 534 also revolves around the central axis of the nozzle body 532, and during this revolution, it rotates or oscillates back and forth. The water jet from the nozzle 534 thus exhibits an oblique spray trajectory. This oblique jet can effectively penetrate the rising fire plume generated by a fire laterally without being lifted or dispersed. Simultaneously, it can penetrate obstructed areas that traditional vertical spraying cannot reach, such as gaps in server racks and gaps between filing cabinet shelves, and utilizes the wall-mounted ejection effect to expand the coverage area, extinguishing smoldering fires in blind spots.

[0042] During the continuous revolution of the adjusting nozzle 53, the water flow characteristic adjusting rotor 535 installed at the end of the nozzle 534 moves along with the nozzle 534. Each revolution of the adjusting nozzle 53 causes a physical collision or scrape between the protrusion on the outer wall of the water flow characteristic adjusting rotor 535 and the corresponding contact block 52 fixed to the lower end face of the nozzle mounting base 51, forcing the water flow characteristic adjusting rotor 535 to rotate at a small angle relative to the nozzle 534, thereby changing the effective shape of the nozzle 534's outlet. As the adjusting nozzle 53 rotates continuously, the sprayed water flow pattern gradually changes and cycles between fine water mist, coarse water mist, and a straight water jet. The fine water mist stage has a large surface area and high cooling and smoke removal efficiency, while the straight water jet stage has strong penetrating power and can directly target the core of the fire source. Furthermore, the dynamically changing jet pattern avoids the continuous physical damage to specific points such as archive papers and server interfaces caused by a fixed jet, while simultaneously disrupting the thermodynamic balance of the fire scene.

[0043] During the ongoing firefighting process, if the fire is intense and the ambient temperature is high, the water temperature flowing through the active triggering connection component 42 will increase. When the water temperature exceeds the phase transition temperature of the thermosensitive deformation memory alloy 423, the alloy undergoes a phase transition and elongates, pushing the inner movable sealing component 422 to continue moving outward against the thrust of the spring 425. The overlapping area of ​​the gradual outlet 426 and the connecting pipe 531 increases, and the water flow increases accordingly, suppressing the fire with a larger volume of water. Conversely, if the firefighting is effective, the fire is under control, and the ambient temperature decreases, the water temperature will decrease accordingly. The thermosensitive deformation memory alloy 423 will contract, and the reset thrust of the spring 425 will push the inner movable sealing component 422 back inward. The overlapping area of ​​the gradual outlet 426 and the connecting pipe 531 will decrease, and the water flow will automatically decrease. As mentioned above, the thrust design of the spring 425 ensures that the internal movable sealing element 422 will not completely return to the initial closed position due to cooling, and the gradual outlet 426 and the connecting pipe 531 always maintain a minimum overlap state, so the device will not be accidentally shut off due to short-term cooling.

[0044] By cooperating with the thermosensitive deformation memory alloy 423, the spring 425, and the gradual outlet 426, the internal movable sealing component 422 realizes the bidirectional sliding function along the axial direction of the sleeve 421. The device achieves the thermosensitive servo proportional water distribution closed-loop control effect of "the higher the temperature, the greater the flow rate, and the lower the temperature, the automatically reduced flow rate" in a purely physical and mechanical way without any electronic components.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various improvements and substitutions to the above embodiments without departing from the principles of the present invention.

[0046] For example, in addition to silicone oil, the sensing medium filling the sensing area 41 of the coil can also be other liquids with high volumetric thermal expansion coefficients, such as mineral oil, synthetic ester oil, fluorinated liquid, and ethylene glycol aqueous solution.

[0047] In addition to large-area metal plates, heat conduction plates 20 can also adopt structural forms with high heat conduction capabilities, such as metal mesh, metal grid, heat pipe array or heat spreader.

[0048] In addition to being an integral block made of brittle materials such as ceramics and glass, the brittle abutment block 424 can also be made of rods, thin-walled pipes, shear pins with pre-made notches or stress concentration areas, or made of low-melting-point alloys that melt and release when the melting point is reached.

[0049] In addition to nickel-titanium alloys, the thermosensitive deformation memory alloy 423 can also use existing components with temperature displacement conversion functions, such as copper-based memory alloys, iron-based memory alloys (e.g., Fe-Mn-Si system), bimetallic sheets, or wax-type thermodynamic elements.

[0050] In addition to planetary gear reducers, the torque-enhancing transmission box 64 can also employ worm gear reducers, cycloidal pinwheel reducers, harmonic reducers, multi-stage spur gear reducers, belt drive reduction mechanisms, or chain drive reduction mechanisms.

[0051] In addition to friction transmission and gear meshing, the transmission between the driving disk 63 and the driven disk 533 can also be achieved by chain transmission, synchronous belt transmission, bevel gear transmission or universal joint transmission.

[0052] In addition to collision with the protrusion, the step-triggered structure between the water flow characteristic adjustment knob 535 and the contact block 52 can also adopt a ratchet and pawl mechanism, a face cam and follower, or magnetic actuation.

[0053] The number of adjustable nozzles 53 is not limited to that shown in this embodiment, and can be flexibly set to different numbers according to the shape and area of ​​the protected zone.

[0054] Water supply branch pipe 40 can be made of materials such as copper pipe, stainless steel pipe, aluminum pipe or PEX cross-linked polyethylene pipe.

[0055] Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention shall be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A fire sensing automatic sprinkler device installed on a ceiling, characterized in that, include: A heat conduction plate is disposed on the lower surface of the ceiling; The main water supply pipe has a connecting plate at its lower end; Multiple water supply branch pipes, the inlet end of each water supply branch pipe is connected to the connecting plate through a one-way valve, the water supply branch pipe is coiled on the heat conduction plate to form a coil sensing area, and the inside of the water supply branch pipe is filled with silicone oil. An active trigger connection component is disposed between the end of each water supply branch pipe and the multi-directional water spray mechanism. The active trigger connection component includes a sleeve and an inner movable sealing member slidably disposed in the sleeve. The active trigger connection component is configured such that, under the hydraulic pressure generated by the thermal expansion of the silicone oil, the inner movable sealing member is displaced to conduct the water passage from the water supply branch pipe to the multi-directional water spray mechanism. A water flow dynamic drive mechanism is installed in the flow channel of the main water supply pipe to extract the fluid kinetic energy of the water flow and output rotational driving force. The multi-directional water spraying mechanism includes a nozzle mounting base and at least one adjustable nozzle. The nozzle mounting base is fixed to the ceiling, and the adjustable nozzle is mounted on the nozzle mounting base and connected to the outlet of the corresponding active triggering communication component. The adjustable nozzle rotates and sprays water under the action of the rotational driving force output by the water flow power drive mechanism. The active triggering connection component also includes a brittle abutment block, which abuts against the inner sidewall of the inner movable sealing member in the default state, keeping the inner movable sealing member in the closed position that blocks the water passage; when the silicone oil expands due to heat and reaches the trigger threshold, the hydraulic pressure pushes the inner movable sealing member to break the brittle abutment block to open the water passage; The bottom end of the internal movable sealing component is provided with a gradient water outlet, and the outer end of the gradient water outlet is a wide end; The multi-directional water spraying mechanism also includes a connecting pipe, which is fixed in the inner cavity of the nozzle mounting base and located below the gradient water outlet; the sliding displacement of the inner movable sealing member changes the effective overlap area between the gradient water outlet and the connecting pipe to adjust the water flow. The active triggering connection component also includes a thermosensitive deformation memory alloy and a spring; The thermosensitive deformation memory alloy is disposed on the inner side of the inner movable sealing member, with one end abutting the inner wall of the end of the sleeve and the other end abutting the inner movable sealing member; the spring is disposed at the end of the inner movable sealing member, located on the circumferential outer side of the brittle abutment block, and the spring applies a reset thrust to the inner movable sealing member in the opposite direction to the elongation direction of the thermosensitive deformation memory alloy.

2. The automatic fire-response sprinkler system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water flow power drive mechanism includes drive fan blades, transmission rod, torque-enhancing transmission box, and drive disc; The drive fan blade is disposed at the upper end of the transmission rod and located in the flow channel of the water supply main pipe; the lower end of the transmission rod passes through the nozzle mounting base and is connected to the drive disc in a transmission manner; the torque enhancement transmission box is disposed on the nozzle mounting base and connected in series between the transmission rod and the drive disc, for reducing the rotational speed and increasing the output torque.

3. The automatic fire-response sprinkler system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The regulating nozzle includes a connecting pipe, a nozzle body, a driven disc, and a nozzle; The connecting pipe is fixed in the inner cavity of the nozzle mounting base and is located below the gradient water outlet of the inner movable sealing member; the connecting pipe, nozzle body and driven plate are connected in sequence; the outer wall of the driving plate contacts and engages with the driven plate to drive the entire adjustable nozzle to rotate.

4. The automatic fire-response sprinkler system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nozzle is eccentrically positioned on the outside of the nozzle body.

5. The automatic fire-response sprinkler system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-directional water spraying mechanism also includes multiple contact blocks; the contact blocks are disposed on the lower end face of the center of the periphery of the nozzle mounting base, each contact block corresponds to each of the adjustable nozzles and is located above the corresponding adjustable nozzle; a water flow characteristic adjustment knob is installed on the nozzle.

6. The automatic fire-response sprinkler system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The active triggering connection components are distributed circumferentially around the nozzle mounting base. Each water supply branch pipe is independently configured with one active triggering connection component and one adjusting nozzle. The coil sensing area of ​​each water supply branch pipe covers different protection zones of the heat conduction plate.

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