Compound nutritional feed for pigs and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses pig compound nutritional feed and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of animal nutrition and feed processing, and comprises detecting the phytic acid phosphorus content and non-starch polysaccharide content of batch raw materials of grain energy raw materials, wheat germ, distiller's grains and wheat bran; according to the detection results, the formula parameters and enzyme distribution parameters of the batch are determined, wherein: the replacement ratio of corn with wheat and / or broken rice is determined; the addition amount of one or more of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan is determined; and the distribution ratio of phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation between pre-granulation addition and post-granulation spraying is determined. The degradation efficiency of phytic acid phosphorus and non-starch polysaccharide is improved, the adaptability of the feed to different batches of raw materials is enhanced, and the influence of high temperature and mechanical action on enzyme activity in the granulation process is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal nutrition and feed processing technology, and in particular to a compound nutritional feed for pigs and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of large-scale pig farming and precision nutrition technology, the research and development of compound feed for pigs has gradually shifted from meeting basic nutritional needs to a comprehensive optimization stage that takes into account raw material fluctuations, digestibility and processing suitability. In production, raw materials such as corn, flour, wheat, broken rice, wheat germ, distillers' grains, and wheat bran have significant batch-to-batch differences in phytic acid phosphorus levels, non-starch polysaccharide composition and fiber structure due to differences in source, season, processing technology and storage and transportation conditions.

[0003] The core problem with existing compound nutrient feed preparation technology for pigs is: Firstly, in formulations containing by-products such as wheat germ, distiller's grains, and wheat bran, existing technologies typically do not use the phytic acid phosphorus content and non-starch polysaccharide content of different batches of raw materials as a basis for formula adjustment. There is a lack of definite rules corresponding to the state of the raw materials in relation to the grain substitution ratio, the amount of crystalline amino acid compensation, and the amount of enzyme preparation added, which can easily lead to a mismatch between the enzyme preparation and the substrate level. Secondly, in existing pelleted feeds, enzyme preparations are mostly added uniformly before pelleting, or only sprayed after pelleting. However, the distribution of enzyme preparations between the internal matrix of the pellet and the surface coating of the pellet lacks a design that combines with the characteristics of the raw materials, making it difficult to simultaneously balance the preservation of enzyme activity and the release of nutrients inside the pellet during the pelleting process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a compound nutritional feed for pigs, comprising an internal matrix of pellets and a surface coating of pellets. The internal matrix of the granules comprises the following basic components by weight percentage: 50%–70% cereal energy raw materials, 10%–18% wheat germ, 5%–15% distillers' grains, 5%–12% wheat bran, 1.0%–2.0% limestone powder, 0.1%–0.6% dicalcium phosphate, 0.2%–0.6% sodium chloride, 0.1%–0.4% vitamin premix, 0.1%–0.4% mineral premix, 0.7%–1.2% L-lysine sulfate, 0.05%–0.20% DL-methionine, 0.10%–0.40% L-threonine, 0.02%–0.10% L-tryptophan, and 0.05%–0.50% montmorillonite; The internal matrix of the particles contains phytase preparations and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations dispersed in them. The grain energy raw materials include corn, flour, and wheat and / or broken rice, wherein, based on the total amount of corn, wheat, and / or broken rice, wheat and / or broken rice account for 5% to 35%; The particulate surface coating contains phytase preparations and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the compound nutrient feed for pigs described in this invention, the non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation includes at least one of xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, and arabinofuranase.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the compound nutrient feed for pigs described in this invention, the proportion of phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation allocated to the surface coating of the granules is 20% to 95%.

[0007] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a compound nutrient feed for pigs, comprising the following steps: S1, to detect the phytic acid phosphorus content and non-starch polysaccharide content of batches of grain energy raw materials, wheat germ, distillers' grains and wheat bran; S2, Based on the test results obtained in step S1, determine the formulation parameters and enzyme distribution parameters for this batch, wherein: S2.1, Determine the proportion of corn replaced by wheat and / or broken rice; S2.2, determine the amount of one or more of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan to be added; S2.3, determine the distribution ratio between the addition of phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation before granulation and the spraying after granulation; S3, except for the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for spraying after granulation, mix, condition and granulate to obtain granular matrix; S4. After cooling the granular matrix, the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for post-granulation spraying are applied to the surface of the granules by atomization spraying to obtain compound nutrient granular feed for pigs.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method described in this invention, the batch raw material parameters detected in step S1 further include at least one of moisture, bulk density, particle size distribution, soluble fiber ratio, and insoluble fiber ratio.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method described in this invention, the rules for determining the formulation parameters and enzyme allocation parameters include a first adjustment scheme and a second adjustment scheme.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method described in this invention, the first adjustment scheme is adopted when the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw calculated based on the amount of each raw material in the formula is not higher than 2.70 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not higher than 90.0 g / kg.

[0011] When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is higher than 2.70 g / kg, and / or the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is higher than 90.0 g / kg, the second adjustment scheme shall be adopted.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method described in this invention, the formula calculation, enzyme addition before granulation, and enzyme spraying after granulation of the same batch of raw materials adopt the same corresponding relationship.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method described in this invention, when the weighted average phytate phosphorus content Pw calculated based on the amount of each raw material in the formula is ≥2.95 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is ≥100.0 g / kg, the proportion of phytase preparation and / or non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation allocated to the spraying part after granulation is increased, and the addition amount of at least one of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan is increased.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method described in this invention, when the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is higher than 2.70 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not higher than 90.0 g / kg, the addition amounts of L-lysine sulfate and DL-methionine are increased simultaneously. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is not higher than 2.70 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is higher than 90.0 g / kg, the addition of L-lysine sulfate and L-threonine should be increased simultaneously. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is not less than 2.95 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not less than 100.0 g / kg, the addition amounts of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan should be increased simultaneously.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention detects the phytate phosphorus content and non-starch polysaccharide content in batches of raw materials such as cereal energy raw materials, wheat germ, distillers' grains and wheat bran, and adjusts the formula parameters based on the detection results. At the same time, it determines the addition amount and distribution method of phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation, so that the addition of enzyme preparation can match the corresponding substrate level in the raw materials. This avoids the problem of insufficient adaptability caused by adding enzyme preparation in a fixed proportion in the prior art, improves the degradation efficiency of phytate phosphorus and non-starch polysaccharides, enhances the adaptability of feed to different batches of raw materials, and improves the utilization rate of nutrients. This invention sets up an internal matrix and a surface coating layer for the granules, and distributes phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation in two stages: addition before granulation and spraying after granulation. This allows some enzyme preparation to be distributed inside the granules and some enzyme preparation to be distributed on the surface of the granules, thereby ensuring the granule forming performance while reducing the impact of high temperature and mechanical action on enzyme activity during granulation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a control architecture diagram of the method for preparing compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides a compound nutrient feed for pigs and a method for preparing it.

[0020] A compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs includes an internal matrix and a surface coating. The internal matrix of the granules comprises the following basic components by weight percentage: 50%–70% cereal energy raw materials, 10%–18% wheat germ, 5%–15% distillers' grains, 5%–12% wheat bran, 1.0%–2.0% limestone powder, 0.1%–0.6% dicalcium phosphate, 0.2%–0.6% sodium chloride, 0.1%–0.4% vitamin premix, 0.1%–0.4% mineral premix, 0.7%–1.2% L-lysine sulfate, 0.05%–0.20% DL-methionine, 0.10%–0.40% L-threonine, 0.02%–0.10% L-tryptophan, and 0.05%–0.50% montmorillonite; Phytase preparations and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations are dispersed in the internal matrix of the particles; Grain energy sources include corn, flour, and wheat and / or broken rice, of which wheat and / or broken rice account for 5% to 35% of the total amount of corn, wheat and / or broken rice. The surface coating of the particles contains phytase preparations and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations; Non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations include at least one of xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, and arabinofuranase; Based on the total enzyme activity of phytase preparations and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations, the proportion allocated to the granule surface spray coating is 20% to 95%. A method for preparing compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, to detect the phytic acid phosphorus content and non-starch polysaccharide content of batches of grain energy raw materials, wheat germ, distillers' grains and wheat bran; S2, Based on the test results obtained in step S1, determine the formulation parameters and enzyme distribution parameters for this batch, wherein: S2.1, Determine the proportion of corn replaced by wheat and / or broken rice; S2.2, determine the amount of one or more of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan to be added; S2.3, determine the distribution ratio between the addition of phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation before granulation and the spraying after granulation; S3, except for the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for spraying after granulation, mix, condition and granulate to obtain granular matrix; S4. After cooling the granular matrix, the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for post-granulation spraying are applied to the surface of the granules by atomization spraying to obtain compound nutrient granular feed for pigs. The batch raw material parameters detected in step S1 also include at least one of moisture, bulk density, particle size distribution, soluble fiber ratio, and insoluble fiber ratio. The rules for determining the formulation parameters and enzyme allocation parameters include a first adjustment scheme and a second adjustment scheme; When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw calculated based on the amount of each raw material in the formula is not higher than 2.70 g / kg, and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not higher than 90.0 g / kg, the first adjustment scheme shall be adopted. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is higher than 2.70 g / kg, and / or the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is higher than 90.0 g / kg, the second adjustment scheme shall be adopted; The same correspondence is used for formula calculation, enzyme addition before granulation, and enzyme spraying after granulation for the same batch of raw materials.

[0021] This embodiment describes a conventional pelleting production line for producing pelleted feed for growing-finishing pigs. The production line has a single batch feed capacity of 4.0 t and targets growing-finishing pigs with a weight of approximately 60–105 kg. The production line is equipped with raw material batch testing, biaxial paddle mixing, steam conditioning, ring die pelleting, countercurrent cooling, and drum-type atomization post-spraying equipment.

[0022] The grain energy raw materials used in this embodiment consist of corn, flour, wheat and broken rice. The corn, flour, wheat, broken rice, wheat germ, distillers' grains and wheat bran entering this batch are sampled and tested separately. No less than 12 points are randomly sampled for each raw material along the unloading point, the upper, middle and lower parts of the silo and the conveying end. After mixing, the samples are divided into quarters to form the test samples.

[0023] Moisture content was determined by drying at 105℃; bulk density was determined by a 1 L bulk density cylinder; particle size distribution was determined by standard sieving; phytic acid phosphorus content was quantified by liquid chromatography after acid extraction and converted to phytic acid phosphorus content; total non-starch polysaccharides were determined by enzymatic hydrolysis-colorimetric method; the ratio of soluble to insoluble fiber was calculated based on the test results of the same batch.

[0024] Test results showed that the phytic acid phosphorus content of this batch of corn was 1.95 g / kg, the total non-starch polysaccharide content was 66 g / kg, the flour content was 1.05 g / kg and 29 g / kg, the wheat content was 2.65 g / kg and 98 g / kg, the broken rice content was 1.15 g / kg and 22 g / kg, the wheat germ content was 2.85 g / kg and 112 g / kg, the distillers' grains content was 2.72 g / kg and 108 g / kg, and the wheat bran content was 3.05 g / kg and 145 g / kg. The moisture content of the wheat germ was 10.9% and the bulk density was 0.41 kg / L, the moisture content of the distillers' grains was 11.6% and the bulk density was 0.48 kg / L, the moisture content of the wheat bran was 11.3%, and the proportion of soluble fiber to total fiber was 18.7%, all of which were within the normal fluctuation range set by this production line.

[0025] In this embodiment, the raw material state parameters of this batch are determined by a weighted average method based on the dosage in the formula. Pw is the sum of the products of the phytic acid phosphorus content of each main energy-supplying and by-product raw material and its mass fraction in the formula, and Nw is the sum of the products of the total non-starch polysaccharide content of each main energy-supplying and by-product raw material and its mass fraction in the formula.

[0026] Calculations show that the Pw of this batch is 2.12 g / kg and the Nw is 78.18 g / kg, both of which are within the corresponding thresholds. Therefore, the first adjustment scheme is adopted. The production line has two pre-set correspondences for batch adaptation: the first adjustment scheme is used for batches with Pw not higher than 2.70 g / kg and Nw not higher than 90.0 g / kg, and the second adjustment scheme is used for batches with Pw higher than 2.70 g / kg and / or Nw higher than 90.0 g / kg.

[0027] For the same batch of raw materials, the formula calculation, enzyme addition before granulation, and enzyme spraying after granulation are all carried out according to the same plan, and two sets of rules are not mixed within a single batch.

[0028] Under the first adjustment scheme, this embodiment determines that the grain energy raw materials account for 66.40% of the internal matrix of the pellets, including 54.45% corn, 5.35% flour, 4.80% wheat, and 1.80% broken rice; based on the total amount of corn, wheat, and broken rice, wheat and broken rice account for 10.8%. In addition to the grain energy raw materials, the internal matrix of the pellets also includes 12.00% wheat germ, 9.50% distillers' grains, 8.20% wheat bran, 1.45% limestone powder, 0.32% dicalcium phosphate, 0.35% sodium chloride, 0.18% vitamin premix, 0.18% mineral premix, 0.88% L-lysine sulfate, 0.11% DL-methionine, 0.19% L-threonine, 0.04% L-tryptophan, and 0.20% montmorillonite. In this batch, montmorillonite is used to stabilize the flowability of the powder and absorb local moisture differences caused by fluctuations in raw materials, thereby improving the uniformity of the internal matrix and the stability of the pelleting process.

[0029] The non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation adopts a complex enzyme system, consisting of xylanase, β-glucanase and cellulase; the phytase preparation is a temperature-resistant granular phytase.

[0030] Based on the finished product, the total amount of phytase added is 1500 FTU / kg, and the total amount of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes added includes xylanase 2200 U / kg, β-glucanase 900 U / kg, and cellulase 700 U / kg.

[0031] After calculating the total enzyme activity of each enzyme, the proportion allocated to the surface coating of the particles was set at 45%, and the remaining 55% was dispersed in the internal matrix of the particles.

[0032] This embodiment is prepared according to the following steps.

[0033] First, corn, wheat, broken rice, wheat germ, distillers' grains, and wheat bran are crushed separately. Corn, wheat, and broken rice are passed through a 2.5 mm sieve, while wheat germ, distillers' grains, and wheat bran are passed through a 2.0 mm sieve. All components except the enzyme solution sprayed later are added to a twin-shaft paddle mixer and dry-mixed for 120 seconds. Then, phytase and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes are added before granulation and the mixture is mixed for another 60 seconds to obtain a uniform powder.

[0034] The mixed powder is fed into a conditioner and conditioned at 78–82°C for 40–50 seconds. Then, it is granulated using a 3.5 mm ring die to obtain a granular matrix. After countercurrent cooling, the granular matrix temperature drops to 36–38°C. A spraying solution is then prepared using reserved phytase and a compound non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme, and sprayed onto the granule surface using a roller atomization method. After spraying, the mixture is allowed to stand and mature for 8 minutes to obtain the finished granules. In this step, the enzyme composition used before granulation and the enzyme used for spraying after granulation remains consistent, only the proportions differ, thus ensuring that the same batch of raw materials completes the formula calculation and enzyme activity delivery under the same corresponding relationship.

[0035] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned scheme has the following working mechanism.

[0036] First, while wheat germ, distillers' grains, and wheat bran provide energy and protein, they also introduce fluctuations in phytic acid phosphorus and non-starch polysaccharides. Therefore, by batch testing and Pw and Nw conversion, the potential difficulty of nutrient release from a batch of raw materials can be determined before the formulation is formed.

[0037] Second, when both Pw and Nw are in a low range, wheat and broken rice in the grain energy feedstock maintain a low substitution ratio, which can avoid unnecessary increase in system viscosity and fiber burden, while maintaining the compactness of the particle matrix.

[0038] Third, supplementing L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine, and L-tryptophan at the required levels for this batch can correct for fluctuations in digestible amino acids caused by byproduct raw materials.

[0039] Fourth, phytase and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes are distributed between the internal matrix and the surface spray coating, so that the particles have basic enzyme activity, while retaining a portion of the post-sprayed enzyme activity that has not undergone high-temperature granulation, thus balancing processing stability and release efficiency after material delivery; among them, the 45% surface enzyme activity ratio can improve the effective enzyme activity of the final product without affecting the appearance and durability of the particles due to excessive surface liquid load.

[0040] Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention were prepared using the same batch of raw materials on the same production line. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 1 had the same raw material formula, raw material batch, and total enzyme addition, but all enzymes were added before granulation and no post-granulation spraying was performed. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 2 had the same raw material batch, but instead of adopting the first adjustment scheme according to the test results, it adopted a fixed formula and a fixed high post-spray ratio for production. The total amount of corn, wheat, and broken rice was calculated, with wheat and broken rice accounting for 21.5%, and L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine, and L-tryptophan fixed at 0.95%, 0.14%, 0.26%, and 0.05%, respectively. The enzyme activity ratio of the surface spray coating was fixed at 78%.

[0041] After pelleting, the pellet durability index, powder content, phytase recovery rate, xylanase recovery rate, and inter-bag phytase variation coefficient of the finished pellets were tested, and a 28-day feeding validation was conducted. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0042] Table 1. Comparison of key process parameters and effects between Example 1 and the comparative example of the present invention. project Example 1 of the present invention Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Batch raw material Pw (g / kg) 2.12 2.12 2.12 Batch raw material Nw (g / kg) 78.18 78.18 78.18 Adopted scheme First Adjustment Plan The corresponding solution was not adopted. The corresponding solution was not adopted. Based on the total amount of corn, wheat, and broken rice, what is the percentage of wheat and / or broken rice? 10.8 10.8 21.5 L-Lysine sulfate (%) 0.88 0.88 0.95 DL-methionine (%) 0.11 0.11 0.14 L-Threonine (%) 0.19 0.19 0.26 L-Tryptophan (%) 0.04 0.04 0.05 Percentage of enzyme activity in the surface coating to total enzyme activity (%) 45 0 78 Particle durability index (PDI) (%) 95.2 95.0 93.9 Powder content of finished product (%) 4.1 4.3 5.6 Phytase recovery rate (%) 89.4 61.7 86.5 Xylanase recovery rate (%) 87.8 64.2 85.4 Coefficient of variation (CV) of phytase in inter-pocket bags (%) 4.9 8.7 7.6 Average daily weight gain (ADG) over 28 days (g / d) 936 902 919 Material weight ratio F / G 2.63 2.70 2.67 As can be seen from Table 1, under the same raw material batch conditions, Example 1 of the present invention first detected phytic acid phosphorus and non-starch polysaccharides and selected the first adjustment scheme accordingly, thus forming a grain substitution ratio, crystalline amino acid compensation amount and enzyme pre-addition / post-spray correspondence that matched the raw material batch.

[0043] Compared with Comparative Example 1, which added all enzymes beforehand, the particle durability index of Example 1 of the present invention remained basically unchanged, but the recovery rates of phytase and xylanase increased to 89.4% and 87.8%, respectively, indicating that the enzyme activity delivery under the double-layer structure was more stable; the coefficient of variation of phytase between bags decreased from 8.7% to 4.9%, indicating that the method of post-spraying and internal matrix co-carrying not only improved the average enzyme activity, but also improved the consistency of the finished product.

[0044] Compared with Comparative Example 2, which did not select the corresponding relationship according to the test results but adopted a fixed high post-spray ratio and a fixed high substitution ratio, Example 1 of the present invention has a higher particle durability index and a lower flour content. This indicates that blindly increasing the wheat / broken rice ratio and the surface spraying ratio in low Pw and low Nw batches will lead to problems such as high surface load, brittle particle surface and decreased uniformity. Example 1 of the present invention is also better than Comparative Example 2 in terms of average daily weight gain and material weight ratio, indicating that under the condition of raw materials in this batch, the first adjustment scheme can more effectively balance processing stability, effective enzyme activity delivery and nutrient compensation level.

[0045] Example 2 This embodiment provides a compound nutritional feed for pigs and its preparation method.

[0046] A method for preparing compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, to detect the phytic acid phosphorus content and non-starch polysaccharide content of batches of grain energy raw materials, wheat germ, distillers' grains and wheat bran; S2, Based on the test results obtained in step S1, determine the formulation parameters and enzyme distribution parameters for this batch, wherein: S2.1, Determine the proportion of corn replaced by wheat and / or broken rice; S2.2, determine the amount of one or more of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan to be added; S2.3, determine the distribution ratio between the addition of phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation before granulation and the spraying after granulation; S3, except for the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for spraying after granulation, mix, condition and granulate to obtain granular matrix; S4. After cooling the granular matrix, the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for post-granulation spraying are applied to the surface of the granules by atomization spraying to obtain compound nutrient granular feed for pigs. The rules for determining the formulation parameters and enzyme allocation parameters include a first adjustment scheme and a second adjustment scheme; When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw calculated based on the amount of each raw material in the formula is not higher than 2.70 g / kg, and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not higher than 90.0 g / kg, the first adjustment scheme shall be adopted. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is higher than 2.70 g / kg, and / or the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is higher than 90.0 g / kg, the second adjustment scheme shall be adopted; The same correspondence is used for formula calculation, enzyme addition before granulation, and enzyme spraying after granulation for the same batch of raw materials.

[0047] This embodiment was conducted on a growing-finishing pig pellet feed production line with a rated capacity of 10 t / h. The raw materials used included corn, flour, wheat, broken rice, wheat germ, distillers' grains, and wheat bran. Batch testing was performed on each of the grain energy raw materials, wheat germ, distillers' grains, and wheat bran entering this production batch. During testing, multiple samples were taken from each raw material at the discharge port, the upper, middle, and lower parts of the feed silo, and the feed conveying point. After mixing, the samples were reduced to test samples. Phytic acid phosphorus content was determined using a chromatographic quantitative method following acid extraction, and total non-starch polysaccharide content was determined using an enzymatic hydrolysis-colorimetric method.

[0048] To ensure the feasibility of the solution in the factory, batch samples are tested within 2 hours after the raw materials are received, and the results are directly entered into the formula control system.

[0049] The test results of the raw materials used in this embodiment are as follows: The phytic acid phosphorus content of corn was 2.16 g / kg, and the total non-starch polysaccharide content was 68 g / kg; the content of flour was 1.02 g / kg and 30 g / kg, respectively; the content of wheat was 2.74 g / kg and 98 g / kg, respectively; the content of broken rice was 1.10 g / kg and 24 g / kg, respectively; the content of wheat germ was 4.55 g / kg and 84 g / kg, respectively; the content of distillers' grains was 5.10 g / kg and 76 g / kg, respectively; and the content of wheat bran was 4.60 g / kg and 138 g / kg, respectively. The moisture and bulk density test results of this batch of raw materials showed that the moisture content of corn was 12.3% and the bulk density was 0.72 kg / L, the moisture content of wheat germ was 10.8% and the bulk density was 0.43 kg / L, the moisture content of distillers' grains was 11.1% and the bulk density was 0.49 kg / L, and the moisture content of wheat bran was 11.5% and the bulk density was 0.36 kg / L, all of which were within the allowable pelleting operation range of our factory.

[0050] Although the scheme switching in this embodiment is based on Pw and Nw, the above moisture and bulk density parameters are used to verify the compatibility of the same batch of raw materials in the conditioning and spraying stages, so as to avoid particle quality fluctuations caused by abnormal physical properties of raw materials when performing the same correspondence.

[0051] In this embodiment, a preliminary calculation is first performed based on the basic formula for this batch, and then Pw and Nw are calculated based on the test values.

[0052] Pw is obtained by summing the product of the mass fraction of each tested raw material in the formula and its phytic acid phosphorus content, and Nw is obtained by summing the product of the mass fraction of each tested raw material in the formula and its total non-starch polysaccharide content.

[0053] After conversion, the Pw of this batch of raw materials is 2.81 g / kg and the Nw is 71.4 g / kg. Based on this, it is determined that this batch belongs to the case of "Pw > 2.70 g / kg and Nw ≤ 90.0 g / kg", and the first correspondence in the second adjustment scheme should be adopted.

[0054] Under this correspondence, the formulation parameters and enzyme allocation parameters are determined synchronously as follows.

[0055] The total energy content of grains is set at 63.90%, of which corn accounts for 49.10%, flour 6.80%, wheat 2.60%, and broken rice 5.40%. In terms of the total amount of corn, wheat, and broken rice, wheat and broken rice account for 14.0%.

[0056] Compared to the first adjustment scheme used in this plant when both Pw and Nw are low, this embodiment does not achieve grain substitution by increasing the proportion of wheat. Instead, it uses broken rice as the main substitution source and retains only a small proportion of wheat to maintain pellet formation. This avoids the unnecessary introduction of more non-starch polysaccharide load when Pw is high and Nw is not high.

[0057] In the crystalline amino acids, L-lysine sulfate was increased to 1.03%, DL-methionine to 0.15%, L-threonine remained at 0.20%, and L-tryptophan remained at 0.04%. The total set amount of phytase preparation was 1800 FTU / kg. The non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation adopted a combination of xylanase and β-glucanase, with total set amounts of 2400 U / kg and 650 U / kg, respectively.

[0058] According to the first correspondence in the second adjustment scheme, phytase is added before granulation at 35% of the total enzyme activity and sprayed after granulation at 65%; non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme is added before granulation at 55% and sprayed after granulation at 45%. The above formula calculations, enzyme addition before granulation, and enzyme spraying after granulation are all generated at once based on the same correspondence, and it is not allowed to apply other scheme parameters separately within the same batch.

[0059] After determining the above parameters, corn, flour, wheat, broken rice, wheat germ, distillers' grains, wheat bran and limestone powder, dicalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, vitamin premix, mineral premix, L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan are added to the mixing system in sequence.

[0060] First, dry mix for 90 seconds, then add the phytase and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes determined according to the first correspondence of the second adjustment scheme, and continue mixing for 60 seconds.

[0061] The resulting mixture is fed into a double-layer conditioner and conditioned with 0.35 MPa saturated steam. The conditioner outlet temperature is controlled at 79–82°C and the conditioning time is controlled at 45–55 s. Then, it is granulated by a 3.5 mm ring die to obtain a granular matrix.

[0062] After being cooled countercurrently to a temperature not exceeding 8°C above the ambient temperature, the granular matrix enters a roller-type post-spraying system. The reserved phytase and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme are prepared into an aqueous spraying solution, which is then atomized through a dual-fluid nozzle and uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the granules. After spraying, the granules are allowed to stand and mature for 10 minutes to obtain the finished granules. The amount of spraying solution is controlled to be within 0.65% of the granule mass to avoid surface adhesion and increased powder content.

[0063] The main risk of this batch of raw materials is not the excessive total non-starch polysaccharides, but the high phytic acid phosphorus burden from wheat germ, distillers' grains and wheat bran. If it is still processed according to the fixed formula of the low Pw batch, the release of available phosphorus will be insufficient, and at the same time, the utilization efficiency of protein and amino acids will decrease.

[0064] In this embodiment, S2 does not involve simply increasing the enzyme dosage or adding a single amino acid; instead, it employs a consistent, batch-wide matching process. On the one hand, broken rice is used to replace part of the corn to minimize the input of additional non-starch polysaccharides into the system; On the other hand, L-lysine sulfate and DL-methionine are increased simultaneously to compensate for fluctuations in the utilization of digestible amino acids in this type of high phytate phosphorus batch raw material. On the other hand, more phytase is applied after granulation to reduce heat loss and improve the effective enzyme activity of the final product, while retaining some non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes inside the granules to maintain the basic function of the granules on the matrix.

[0065] This allows the grain substitution ratio, amino acid compensation, and enzyme delivery to be linked in the same batch rather than separated from each other.

[0066] Comparative Example 3 adopted the fixed first adjustment scheme, that is, although Pw was detected to be higher than 2.70 g / kg, it was still treated as a low Pw, low Nw batch; Comparative Example 4 adopted the grain substitution ratio and enzyme distribution parameters of the second adjustment scheme, but only increased L-lysine sulfate and did not increase DL-methionine; Comparative Example 5 adopted the formulation parameters of the second adjustment scheme, but the enzyme addition before granulation and the enzyme spraying after granulation were still performed according to the fixed ratio in the workshop, and did not maintain the same correspondence with the formulation calculation.

[0067] Each formulation was prepared continuously on the same day, on the same production line, and in adjacent batches. After the finished product was discharged, the phytase recovery rate, xylanase recovery rate, particle durability index, and powder content were tested, and the product was fed to growing-finishing pigs for 28 days for validation.

[0068] The feeding experiment used 192 three-way crossbred pigs with an initial weight of 63.7±2.1 kg, which were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 8 pigs in each replicate. During the experiment, the pigs had free access to feed and water. The average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Table 2. Process parameters and application effects of the present invention examples and comparative examples. project Example of the present invention Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Pw (g / kg) 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.81 Nw (g / kg) 71.4 71.4 71.4 71.4 Adopted scheme The first correspondence of the second adjustment plan Fixed first adjustment plan The second adjustment plan only increases lysine. The formula is adjusted according to the second method, and the enzyme is allocated in a fixed ratio. Percentage of wheat and / or broken rice in the total amount of corn + wheat + broken rice (%) 14.0 8.2 14.0 14.0 L-Lysine sulfate (%) 1.03 0.88 1.03 1.03 DL-methionine (%) 0.15 0.11 0.11 0.15 L-Threonine (%) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 L-Tryptophan (%) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Phytase granulation and spraying ratio (%) 65 45 65 20 NSP enzyme granulation and spraying ratio (%) 45 35 45 20 Phytase recovery rate (%) 88.6 74.9 88.1 71.3 Xylanase recovery rate (%) 84.1 78.6 83.8 69.5 Particle durability index (PDI) (%) 94.8 95.0 94.7 95.1 Powder content of finished product (%) 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.2 Average daily weight gain (ADG) over 28 days (g / d) 932 901 913 907 Material weight ratio F / G 2.62 2.72 2.67 2.69 As can be seen from Table 2, the present invention can simultaneously take into account both processing feasibility and nutritional utilization in batches with high Pw and low Nw.

[0070] Compared with Comparative Example 3, the present invention did not significantly sacrifice the particle durability index, but the phytase recovery rate increased from 74.9% to 88.6%, the average daily weight gain increased by 31 g / d, and the material weight ratio decreased from 2.72 to 2.62. This indicates that in high phytate phosphorus batches, if the first adjustment scheme is still used, the problem of insufficient effective phytase and weak amino acid compensation is likely to occur.

[0071] Compared with Comparative Example 4, the main difference of this invention is that DL-methionine was increased simultaneously. With the other grain substitution ratios and enzyme distribution parameters being basically the same, the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of this invention were further improved, indicating that for batches with "high Pw and low Nw", it is difficult to fully release the effect of the second adjustment scheme by only increasing L-lysine sulfate without simultaneously increasing DL-methionine.

[0072] Compared with Comparative Example 5, the present invention example has the same formula calculation results, but the present invention example incorporates the enzyme addition before granulation and the enzyme spraying after granulation into the same correspondence, while Comparative Example 5 still uses a fixed ratio in the workshop, which leads to a significant reduction in the recovery rate of phytase and xylanase. This shows that using the same correspondence for the formula calculation, enzyme addition before granulation and enzyme spraying after granulation for the same batch of raw materials is one of the key conditions to ensure the stable implementation of this method.

[0073] Example 3 This embodiment provides a compound nutritional feed for pigs and its preparation method.

[0074] A method for preparing compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, to detect the phytic acid phosphorus content and non-starch polysaccharide content of batches of grain energy raw materials, wheat germ, distillers' grains and wheat bran; S2, Based on the test results obtained in step S1, determine the formulation parameters and enzyme distribution parameters for this batch, wherein: S2.1, Determine the proportion of corn replaced by wheat and / or broken rice; S2.2, determine the amount of one or more of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan to be added; S2.3, determine the distribution ratio between the addition of phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation before granulation and the spraying after granulation; S3, except for the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for spraying after granulation, mix, condition and granulate to obtain granular matrix; S4. After cooling the granular matrix, the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for post-granulation spraying are applied to the surface of the granules by atomization spraying to obtain compound nutrient granular feed for pigs. The rules for determining the formulation parameters and enzyme allocation parameters include a first adjustment scheme and a second adjustment scheme; When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw calculated based on the amount of each raw material in the formula is not higher than 2.70 g / kg, and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not higher than 90.0 g / kg, the first adjustment scheme shall be adopted. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is higher than 2.70 g / kg, and / or the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is higher than 90.0 g / kg, the second adjustment scheme shall be adopted; The same correspondence is used for formula calculation, enzyme addition before granulation, and enzyme spraying after granulation for the same batch of raw materials.

[0075] This embodiment is completed on a pig pellet production line with a capacity of 8 tons per hour. The production line includes, in sequence, a raw material receiving and sorting system, a batching bin, a twin-shaft paddle mixer, a double-layer conditioner, a ring die pellet mill, a counter-current cooler, and a drum-type post-spraying device.

[0076] The selected batches of raw materials include corn, flour, wheat, broken rice, wheat germ, distillers' grains, and wheat bran.

[0077] The raw materials in this batch were tested immediately upon entering the warehouse. Multiple sampling points were set up for each type of raw material at the unloading port, the bottom outlet of the warehouse, and the middle section of the conveyor. After mixing and reduction, test samples were prepared. Phytic acid phosphorus content was determined using an acid extraction followed by quantitative analysis, and total non-starch polysaccharide content was determined using an enzymatic hydrolysis-colorimetric method. The results showed that the phytic acid phosphorus content of corn was 2.02 g / kg, and the total non-starch polysaccharide content was 67 g / kg; for flour, 1.08 g / kg and 31 g / kg, respectively; for wheat, 2.66 g / kg and 101 g / kg, respectively; for broken rice, 1.14 g / kg and 23 g / kg, respectively; for wheat germ, 2.48 g / kg and 118 g / kg, respectively; for distiller's grains, 2.61 g / kg and 89 g / kg, respectively; and for wheat bran, 2.74 g / kg and 152 g / kg, respectively. In this batch of raw materials, the non-starch polysaccharides from wheat germ and wheat bran contributed significantly to the amount of phosphorus, while the overall phosphorus content of phytate was not significantly high, exhibiting the characteristics of "high Nw and low Pw".

[0078] Based on the factory's preset formula window for this type of granular material, a conversion calculation was first performed using the conventional formula. Then, Pw and Nw were calculated according to the mass fraction of each tested raw material in the formula. Among them, Pw is the sum of the products of the phytic acid phosphorus content of each tested raw material and its corresponding formula mass fraction, and Nw is the sum of the products of the total non-starch polysaccharide content of each tested raw material and its corresponding formula mass fraction. After conversion, the Pw of this batch of raw materials is 2.58 g / kg, and the Nw is 96.4 g / kg.

[0079] Therefore, it is determined that this batch does not meet the first adjustment plan, and the "Nw high, Pw not high" correspondence in the second adjustment plan should be adopted.

[0080] Based on the above determination results, in step S2 of this embodiment, the formulation parameters and enzyme allocation parameters are simultaneously determined as a unified batch correspondence.

[0081] Specifically, the substitution strategy for corn in cereal energy feedstocks by wheat and / or broken rice is "low wheat, high broken rice". That is, instead of further increasing the proportion of wheat, broken rice is used as the main substitution source, thereby ensuring the pellet formation while avoiding additional increase in the non-starch polysaccharide burden in the system.

[0082] Regarding crystalline amino acids, the addition of L-lysine sulfate and L-threonine was increased simultaneously, while the addition of DL-methionine and L-tryptophan remained at the basic set values ​​for this batch. In terms of enzyme distribution, the phytase preparation maintained a moderate post-spray ratio, while the non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation had an increased post-granulation spray ratio to reduce the activity loss caused by high-temperature conditioning and to retain more effective enzyme activity on the surface of the granules, thereby enhancing the effect on the high non-starch polysaccharide matrix after feeding.

[0083] In this embodiment, the selected specific formula and process parameters are as follows: Based on the finished pellets, corn accounts for 51.4%, flour 4.9%, wheat 2.6%, broken rice 7.8%, wheat germ 11.4%, distiller's grains 8.7%, wheat bran 10.2%, and the remainder consists of limestone powder, dicalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, vitamin premix, mineral premix, and trace additives; based on the total amount of corn, wheat, and broken rice, wheat and broken rice account for 16.8%. L-lysine sulfate is set at 1.01%, DL-methionine at 0.10%, L-threonine at 0.29%, and L-tryptophan at 0.04%. The total amount of phytase preparation is set at 1600 FTU / kg; the non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation is a complex enzyme system, wherein xylanase is 3000 U / kg, β-glucanase is 820 U / kg, and cellulase is 460 U / kg.

[0084] Based on total enzyme activity, 55% of phytase preparations are used for post-granulation spraying and 45% are added before granulation; 70% of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations are used for post-granulation spraying and 30% are added before granulation.

[0085] The above parameters serve as a unified correspondence for the same batch of raw materials. Once determined, they are used simultaneously for formula calculation, pre-granulation enzyme addition, and post-granulation enzyme spraying for that batch, and no individual adjustment is required during the production process.

[0086] When preparing according to the above correspondence, corn, wheat, broken rice, wheat germ, distillers' grains, and wheat bran are first crushed to a particle size suitable for granulation. Corn and broken rice are passed through a 2.5 mm sieve, while wheat, wheat germ, distillers' grains, and wheat bran are passed through a 2.0 mm sieve. All components except for the phytase preparation and the compound non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for later spraying are put into a biaxial paddle mixer. The mixture is first dry-mixed for 90 s, and then the enzyme preparation before granulation is added and the mixture is mixed for another 60 s to obtain a uniformly mixed powder. The mixed powder is then conditioned by a double-layer conditioner at a temperature controlled at 79–81°C and a conditioning time controlled at 45–55 s. Finally, the mixture is granulated through a 3.5 mm ring die to obtain the granular matrix.

[0087] The granular matrix enters the counter-current cooler and is cooled to no more than 8°C above the ambient temperature before entering the drum-type post-spraying equipment. The reserved phytase preparation and the compound non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation are prepared into a spraying liquid, which is atomized through a dual-fluid nozzle and evenly sprayed onto the surface of the granules. The total amount of spraying liquid is controlled within 0.70% of the finished product weight. After spraying, the granules are left to stand and mature for 8-10 minutes to obtain the compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs in this embodiment.

[0088] When the main problem with a batch of raw materials is that the non-starch polysaccharide load is too high, while the phytate phosphorus has not entered the high value range, if the first adjustment plan is still used, it will often lead to a weak supply of digestible amino acids under high fiber raw material conditions, especially insufficient lysine and threonine, which will affect the utilization efficiency of the diet by growing-finishing pigs.

[0089] If most of the non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes are still added before granulation, high-temperature conditioning will reduce the effective enzyme activity, making it difficult to fully offset the viscosity and fiber barrier caused by high Nw batches of raw materials.

[0090] This embodiment uses the correspondence in the second adjustment scheme to determine the grain substitution ratio, the compensation amount of lysine and threonine, and the post-spray ratio of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme in a linked manner, so that nutrient compensation and enzyme activity delivery for high Nw batches occur simultaneously, thereby avoiding the fragmented state of only changing the formula without changing the enzyme distribution, or only changing the enzyme distribution without changing the amino acid compensation.

[0091] The present invention example and three comparative examples were prepared using the same batch of raw materials.

[0092] Comparative Example 6 adopted a fixed first adjustment scheme, that is, although the detected Nw was higher than 90.0 g / kg, the enzyme preparation was still formulated and allocated according to the corresponding relationship when Pw and Nw were both low. Comparative Example 7 adopted the "high Nw, low Pw" correspondence in the second adjustment scheme, but only increased L-lysine sulfate and did not increase L-threonine. Comparative Example 8 used the same formulation parameters as the example of the present invention, but the enzyme addition before granulation and the enzyme spraying after granulation were still performed according to the fixed allocation ratio of the previous batch, and did not maintain the same correspondence with the formulation parameters of this batch.

[0093] All groups were prepared continuously on the same production line and in adjacent batches. After completion, the phytase recovery rate, xylanase recovery rate, particle durability index and powder content of the finished particles were tested. A 28-day feeding verification was carried out for growing-finishing pigs. 192 three-way crossbred pigs with an initial weight of 64.1±1.9 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 8 pigs in each replicate. They had free access to feed and water. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0094] Table 3. Parameter settings and application effects of the present invention examples and comparative examples. project Example of the present invention Comparative Example 6 Comparative Example 7 Comparative Example 8 Pw (g / kg) 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 Nw (g / kg) 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 Adopting rules Second adjustment plan (correspondence between low Pw and high Nw) Fixed first adjustment plan The second adjustment plan only increases lysine. The formula is adjusted according to the second method, and the enzyme is allocated in a fixed ratio. Percentage of wheat and / or broken rice in the total amount of corn + wheat + broken rice (%) 16.8 9.1 16.8 16.8 L-Lysine sulfate (%) 1.01 0.89 1.01 1.01 DL-methionine (%) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 L-Threonine (%) 0.29 0.20 0.20 0.29 L-Tryptophan (%) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Phytase granulation and spraying ratio (%) 55 45 55 35 NSP enzyme granulation and spraying ratio (%) 70 40 70 35 Phytase recovery rate (%) 86.8 82.4 86.5 74.6 Xylanase recovery rate (%) 88.9 76.8 88.4 73.9 Particle durability index (PDI) (%) 94.7 95.1 94.6 95.0 Powder content of finished product (%) 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.3 Average daily weight gain (ADG) over 28 days (g / d) 926 896 907 903 Material weight ratio F / G 2.64 2.73 2.69 2.70 As shown in Table 3, in batches where Nw is higher than 90.0 g / kg and Pw is not higher than 2.70 g / kg, the present invention can improve the effective enzyme activity of the final product and improve the feeding effect of growing-finishing pigs while maintaining the basic stability of pellet processing performance.

[0095] Compared with Comparative Example 6, the particle durability index of the present invention is slightly lower, but still within the range suitable for transportation and feeding. The xylanase recovery rate is significantly improved, the average daily weight gain is increased by 30 g / d, and the feed conversion ratio is reduced by 0.09. This indicates that for high Nw batches, if the first adjustment scheme is still used, it is easy to have insufficient non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme activity and insufficient compensation of crystalline amino acids.

[0096] Compared with Comparative Example 7, the two groups had the same grain substitution ratio and enzyme distribution parameters, but the present invention simultaneously increased L-threonine, which ultimately resulted in further improvement in average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. This indicates that under the condition of "high Nw and low Pw", it is difficult to fully meet the nutritional needs under high fiber load by only increasing L-lysine sulfate without increasing L-threonine.

[0097] Compared with Comparative Example 8, the formulation parameters of this invention are the same. However, since the formulation calculation, enzyme addition before granulation and enzyme spraying after granulation are all performed according to the same correspondence in this invention, the recovery rates of phytase and xylanase are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 3. This indicates that using the same correspondence for the same batch of raw materials is one of the key conditions to ensure the stable implementation of this method and obtain reproducible results.

[0098] Example 4 This embodiment provides a compound nutritional feed for pigs and its preparation method.

[0099] Based on the total enzyme activity of phytase preparations and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations, the proportion allocated to the granule surface spray coating is 20% to 95%. A method for preparing compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, to detect the phytic acid phosphorus content and non-starch polysaccharide content of batches of grain energy raw materials, wheat germ, distillers' grains and wheat bran; S2, Based on the test results obtained in step S1, determine the formulation parameters and enzyme distribution parameters for this batch, wherein: S2.1, Determine the proportion of corn replaced by wheat and / or broken rice; S2.2, determine the amount of one or more of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan to be added; S2.3, determine the distribution ratio between the addition of phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation before granulation and the spraying after granulation; S3, except for the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for spraying after granulation, mix, condition and granulate to obtain granular matrix; S4. After cooling the granular matrix, the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for post-granulation spraying are applied to the surface of the granules by atomization spraying to obtain compound nutrient granular feed for pigs. The rules for determining the formulation parameters and enzyme allocation parameters include a first adjustment scheme and a second adjustment scheme; When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw calculated based on the amount of each raw material in the formula is not higher than 2.70 g / kg, and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not higher than 90.0 g / kg, the first adjustment scheme shall be adopted. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is higher than 2.70 g / kg, and / or the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is higher than 90.0 g / kg, the second adjustment scheme shall be adopted; The same correspondence is used for formula calculation, enzyme addition before granulation, and enzyme spraying after granulation for the same batch of raw materials; When the weighted average phytate phosphorus content Pw calculated based on the amount of each raw material in the formula is ≥2.95 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is ≥100.0 g / kg, the proportion of phytase preparation and / or non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation allocated to the spraying part after granulation should be increased, and the amount of at least one of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan should be increased. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is higher than 2.70 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not higher than 90.0 g / kg, the addition of L-lysine sulfate and DL-methionine should be increased simultaneously. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is not higher than 2.70 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is higher than 90.0 g / kg, the addition of L-lysine sulfate and L-threonine should be increased simultaneously. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is not less than 2.95 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not less than 100.0 g / kg, the addition amounts of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan should be increased simultaneously.

[0100] This embodiment is carried out on a pig pellet production line with a rated capacity of 8 t / h. The production line includes, in sequence, a raw material silo system, an automatic batching system, a twin-shaft paddle mixer, a double-layer conditioner, a ring die pellet mill, a counter-current cooler, and a drum-type atomizing post-spraying device.

[0101] During implementation, batches of raw materials with a high proportion of wheat germ, distiller's grains, and wheat bran that arrived at the factory and were divided into warehouses on the same day were selected to simulate a production scenario where by-product raw materials arrive at the factory in a concentrated manner and batch fluctuations are obvious.

[0102] The grain energy raw materials consist of corn, flour, wheat, and broken rice. After each raw material enters the silo, samples are taken at multiple points including the unloading port, the bottom of the silo, and the middle section of the conveyor. These samples are then mixed, reduced in size, and used to prepare test samples. Phytic acid phosphorus content was determined using a liquid chromatography-quantitative method following acid extraction, and total non-starch polysaccharide content was determined using an enzymatic hydrolysis-colorimetric method. The test results showed that the phytic acid phosphorus content of corn was 2.18 g / kg, and the total non-starch polysaccharide content was 70 g / kg. For flour, these were 1.12 g / kg and 33 g / kg, respectively. For wheat, these were 2.86 g / kg and 108 g / kg, respectively. For broken rice, these were 1.17 g / kg and 24 g / kg, respectively. For wheat germ, these were 4.98 g / kg and 146 g / kg, respectively. For distiller's grains, these were 5.36 g / kg and 131 g / kg, respectively. For wheat bran, these were 4.72 g / kg and 182 g / kg, respectively. In this batch of raw materials, wheat germ, distiller's grains, and wheat bran are all at relatively high levels of phytic acid phosphorus and non-starch polysaccharides, which is the high-value range application scenario set in this plan.

[0103] Based on the basic formula window to be used in the current batch of the production line, the amount of each raw material to be tested in the formula is pre-allocated, and then the test value of each raw material is weighted and converted according to its mass fraction in the formula.

[0104] After conversion, the Pw of the batch of raw materials in this embodiment is 3.27 g / kg and the Nw is 101.36 g / kg. Since both Pw and Nw have reached the high value range, this embodiment does not adopt the first adjustment scheme, but adopts the high value range correspondence in the second adjustment scheme.

[0105] Under this correspondence, the grain substitution ratio is first determined.

[0106] Considering that wheat germ, distillers' grains and wheat bran in this batch of raw materials already bring a high non-starch polysaccharide load, the proportion of wheat in the cereal energy raw materials will no longer be simply increased. Instead, a substitution method of "controlled wheat and broken rice to fill the gap" will be adopted, that is, broken rice will undertake a large proportion of the substitution task, and only an appropriate amount of wheat will be retained to maintain pelleting properties.

[0107] When implemented, grain energy ingredients account for 52.0% of the formula, including 31.0% corn, 5.0% flour, 12.0% wheat, and 4.0% broken rice. Based on the total amount of corn, wheat, and broken rice, wheat and broken rice account for 29.8%. The remaining basic components are added according to the factory's standard for growing-finishing pig feed, of which wheat germ, distillers' grains, and wheat bran account for 17.6%, 14.3%, and 10.8%, respectively. The rest include conventional components such as limestone powder, dicalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, vitamin premix, mineral premix, and montmorillonite.

[0108] Based on the correspondence of high-value ranges, the addition amounts of four crystalline amino acids were simultaneously increased: L-lysine sulfate was set at 1.12%, DL-methionine at 0.18%, L-threonine at 0.34%, and L-tryptophan at 0.07%. The reason for adopting this simultaneous increase method is that this batch of raw materials not only has a high phytate phosphorus load, but also a significant fiber and non-starch polysaccharide load. If only one or two amino acids are increased, it can often only partially correct the fluctuations in the supply of digestible amino acids caused by by-product raw materials, and it is difficult to simultaneously take into account the amino acid balance and protein deposition efficiency under high fiber conditions.

[0109] Based on the correlation of high-value ranges, the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation were determined, and the distribution ratio between addition before granulation and spraying after granulation was determined. The total amount of phytase added was set at 2200 FTU / kg, and the non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme adopted a composite enzyme system, including xylanase 3600 U / kg, β-glucanase 1100 U / kg, and cellulase 560 U / kg. Based on the total enzyme activity, the proportion allocated to the granule surface spray coating was 84%, of which 90% of the total phytase was used for post-granulation spraying and 10% was added before granulation; 80% of the total non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme was used for post-granulation spraying and 20% was added before granulation. This ratio falls within the range of 20%–95% of the total enzyme activity and is significantly higher than the spraying ratio of our factory's conventional batches. This reduces the loss of enzyme activity due to high-temperature conditioning and granulation, ensuring that sufficient effective enzyme activity can still be delivered to the surface of the finished granules even in batches with high-value ranges.

[0110] After determining the above parameters, this embodiment was prepared according to the same batch and the same correspondence.

[0111] First, corn, wheat, broken rice, wheat germ, distiller's grains, and wheat bran are crushed separately. Corn and broken rice are passed through a 2.5 mm sieve, while wheat, wheat germ, distiller's grains, and wheat bran are passed through a 2.0 mm sieve. All raw materials, except for phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for post-granulation spraying, are put into a twin-shaft paddle mixer. Dry mixing is performed for 90 seconds, followed by the addition of a portion of the enzyme preparation before granulation and mixing for another 60 seconds to obtain a uniformly mixed powder. The resulting powder is then sent to a double-layer conditioner and conditioned with saturated steam at 0.32–0.36 MPa. The conditioning temperature is controlled at 79–82℃, and the conditioning time is controlled at 45–55 seconds. The powder is then granulated through a 3.5 mm ring die to obtain a granular matrix. After countercurrent cooling, the granular matrix temperature drops to no more than 8℃ above the ambient temperature before entering the drum-type post-spraying system.

[0112] The reserved phytase and compound non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme were prepared into spraying solutions, which were then atomized through a dual-fluid nozzle and uniformly applied to the surface of the granules. The total amount of spraying solution was controlled within 0.75% of the granule mass. After spraying, the mixture was allowed to stand and mature for 10 minutes to obtain the compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs in this embodiment.

[0113] The above formula calculation results, the amount of enzyme added before granulation, and the amount of enzyme sprayed after granulation are generated and locked once by the same batch control file. No one of them will be changed individually during the production process, so as to meet the requirement that the same batch of raw materials adopt the same corresponding relationship.

[0114] The mechanism of action in this embodiment is as follows: When Pw and Nw simultaneously enter the high value range, the raw material system faces both a high phytate phosphorus burden and a high fiber burden. If the formulation and enzyme distribution method under the low value range are still used, two types of problems will occur at the same time: First, there is insufficient effective phytase and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme after granulation, resulting in limited nutrient release; Second, when only amino acids are supplemented locally without simultaneously increasing the four crystalline amino acids, it is difficult to adapt to the instability of digestible amino acid supply in the high value range batch.

[0115] This embodiment incorporates the determination of high-value ranges, the grain substitution ratio, the increase of four amino acids, and the increase of the total enzyme activity ratio in the surface layer into the same correspondence. This not only controls the input of additional non-starch polysaccharides but also improves the effective enzyme activity delivery level of the final product, thereby enabling batches in the high-value range to still achieve good processing stability and feeding effect.

[0116] The present invention example and three comparative examples were prepared using the same batch of raw materials. Comparative example 9 was not treated for the high-value range, but was fixed with the first adjustment scheme. Although comparative example 10 adopted the second adjustment scheme, it did not enter the high-value range correspondence and was only treated as a general high Nw batch, that is, only L-lysine sulfate and L-threonine were increased, and the total enzyme activity ratio on the surface was maintained at a medium level. Comparative example 11 used the same high-value range formulation parameters and the amount of four crystal amino acids added as the present invention example, but the enzyme addition before granulation and the enzyme spraying after granulation did not adopt the same correspondence as the formulation of this batch, and still used the fixed allocation ratio of the previous medium-value range batch.

[0117] Each group prepared continuously on the same production line and in adjacent batches. After the finished product was discharged, the phytase recovery rate, xylanase recovery rate, inter-bag phytase variation coefficient, particle durability index and powder content were tested. At the same time, a 28-day feeding validation was carried out on growing-finishing pigs.

[0118] The feeding experiment used 192 three-way crossbred pigs with an initial weight of 64.5±2.0 kg, which were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 8 pigs in each replicate. They had free access to feed and water. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0119] Table 4. Parameter settings and application effects of the present invention examples and comparative examples in the high-value range batch. project Example of the present invention Comparative Example 9 Comparative Example 10 Comparative Example 11 Pw (g / kg) 3.27 3.27 3.27 3.27 Nw (g / kg) 101.36 101.36 101.36 101.36 Adopting rules The corresponding relationship of the high value range in the second adjustment scheme Fixed first adjustment plan The second adjustment scheme generally involves high Nw processing. The formulation is based on the high-value range, and the enzyme allocation is based on a fixed median ratio. Percentage of wheat and / or broken rice in the total amount of corn + wheat + broken rice (%) 29.8 12.4 24.6 29.8 L-Lysine sulfate (%) 1.12 0.89 1.01 1.12 DL-methionine (%) 0.18 0.10 0.10 0.18 L-Threonine (%) 0.34 0.20 0.28 0.34 L-Tryptophan (%) 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.07 Total enzyme activity percentage of the surface coating (%) 84 45 62 38 Phytase recovery rate (%) 91.3 79.2 85.7 80.1 Xylanase recovery rate (%) 89.1 73.5 82.6 74.8 Coefficient of variation (CV) of phytase in inter-pocket bags (%) 5.2 8.9 6.8 10.1 Particle durability index (PDI) (%) 93.8 94.6 94.1 94.3 Powder content of finished product (%) 5.4 4.7 4.9 4.8 Average daily weight gain (ADG) over 28 days (g / d) 918 871 894 886 Material weight ratio F / G 2.66 2.79 2.72 2.74 As shown in Table 4, when both Pw and Nw are in the high value range, the recovery rates of phytase and xylanase in this invention are significantly higher than those in the other pairs, and the coefficient of variation of phytase between bags is the lowest. This indicates that by incorporating the formulation parameters and enzyme allocation parameters of the batches in the high value range into the same correspondence, not only is the average effective enzyme activity improved, but the consistency between finished products in the same batch is also improved.

[0120] Compared with Comparative Example 9, the pellet durability index of the present invention decreased slightly, but remained within the range acceptable for transportation and feeding in the factory. The average daily weight gain increased by 47 g / d, the feed conversion ratio decreased by 0.13, and the total phosphorus in the fecal sample decreased significantly. This indicates that if the first adjustment scheme is still used in batches with high values, the problems of insufficient effective enzyme activity and insufficient amino acid compensation will occur simultaneously.

[0121] Compared with Comparative Example 10, the main difference of this invention is that it further enters the high-value range correspondence, simultaneously increases the four crystalline amino acids and further increases the proportion of total enzyme activity in the surface layer; under this condition, the average daily weight gain and feed weight ratio continue to improve, indicating that the general second adjustment scheme is insufficient to fully cover the dual load of the high-value range.

[0122] Compared with Comparative Example 11, although its formulation parameters are the same as those of the present invention, the enzyme recovery rate and batch-to-batch consistency are significantly reduced because the enzyme addition before granulation and the enzyme spraying after granulation do not adopt the same correspondence as the formulation of this batch. This indicates that adopting the same correspondence in formulation calculation, enzyme addition before granulation and enzyme spraying after granulation for the same batch of raw materials is an important condition for the stable implementation of this method and for it to play its technical role.

Claims

1. A compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs, characterized in that, This includes the internal matrix of the particles and the surface coating of the particles; The internal matrix of the granules comprises the following basic components by weight percentage: 50%–70% cereal energy raw materials, 10%–18% wheat germ, 5%–15% distillers' grains, 5%–12% wheat bran, 1.0%–2.0% limestone powder, 0.1%–0.6% dicalcium phosphate, 0.2%–0.6% sodium chloride, 0.1%–0.4% vitamin premix, 0.1%–0.4% mineral premix, 0.7%–1.2% L-lysine sulfate, 0.05%–0.20% DL-methionine, 0.10%–0.40% L-threonine, 0.02%–0.10% L-tryptophan, and 0.05%–0.50% montmorillonite; The internal matrix of the particles contains phytase preparations and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations dispersed in them. The grain energy raw materials include corn, flour, and wheat and / or broken rice, wherein, based on the total amount of corn, wheat, and / or broken rice, wheat and / or broken rice account for 5% to 35%; The particulate surface coating contains phytase preparations and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations.

2. The compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that, Non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations include at least one of xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, and arabinofuranase.

3. The compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The proportion of phytase preparations and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparations allocated to the surface coating of particles is 20% to 95%, based on the total enzyme activity.

4. A method for preparing a compound nutrient pellet feed for pigs based on any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, to detect the phytic acid phosphorus content and non-starch polysaccharide content of batches of grain energy raw materials, wheat germ, distillers' grains and wheat bran; S2, Based on the test results obtained in step S1, determine the formulation parameters and enzyme distribution parameters for this batch, wherein: S2.1, Determine the proportion of corn replaced by wheat and / or broken rice; S2.2, determine the amount of one or more of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan to be added; S2.3, determine the distribution ratio between the addition of phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation before granulation and the spraying after granulation; S3, except for the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for spraying after granulation, mix, condition and granulate to obtain granular matrix; S4. After cooling the granular matrix, the phytase preparation and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation reserved for post-granulation spraying are applied to the surface of the granules by atomization spraying to obtain compound nutrient granular feed for pigs.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The batch raw material parameters detected in step S1 also include at least one of moisture, bulk density, particle size distribution, soluble fiber ratio, and insoluble fiber ratio.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rules for determining the formulation parameters and enzyme allocation parameters include a first adjustment scheme and a second adjustment scheme.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw calculated based on the amount of each raw material in the formula is not higher than 2.70 g / kg, and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not higher than 90.0 g / kg, the first adjustment scheme shall be adopted. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is higher than 2.70 g / kg, and / or the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is higher than 90.0 g / kg, the second adjustment scheme shall be adopted.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The same correspondence is used for formula calculation, enzyme addition before granulation, and enzyme spraying after granulation for the same batch of raw materials.

9. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the weighted average phytate phosphorus content Pw, calculated based on the amount of each raw material in the formula, is ≥2.95 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is ≥100.0 g / kg, the proportion of phytase preparation and / or non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme preparation allocated to the spraying part after granulation should be increased, and the addition amount of at least one of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan should be increased.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is higher than 2.70 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not higher than 90.0 g / kg, the addition of L-lysine sulfate and DL-methionine should be increased simultaneously. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is not higher than 2.70 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is higher than 90.0 g / kg, the addition of L-lysine sulfate and L-threonine should be increased simultaneously. When the weighted average phytic acid phosphorus content Pw is not less than 2.95 g / kg and the weighted average total non-starch polysaccharide content Nw is not less than 100.0 g / kg, the addition amounts of L-lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan should be increased simultaneously.

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