A sea floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system

Abstract

A kind of offshore floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system, the output end of photovoltaic power acquisition module is connected to DC bus, for obtaining original DC power, the input end of underwater electrolytic hydrogen production execution module is connected to DC bus by high-voltage DC transmission loop, the sensing signal output end of environmental perception monitoring module is connected to the input end of central control module, energy storage smoothing module is bidirectionally connected between DC bus and central control module, active power distribution logic unit is integrated in central control module, and power distribution logic unit is according to the real-time power data fed back by environmental perception monitoring module.The random photovoltaic energy captured by photovoltaic power acquisition module is exchanged with energy storage smoothing module on DC bus, the rapid throughput capacity of lithium battery energy storage unit electrochemical energy is utilized by using bidirectional DC-DC converter unit, to avoid the electrochemical corrosion and polarizing effect of fluctuating current on underwater electrolytic cell catalyst layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine floating photovoltaic hydrogen production technology, specifically a marine floating photovoltaic system coupled with an underwater hydrogen production system. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing global demand for green energy, using floating photovoltaic arrays at sea for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen has become an important technological approach. However, in actual marine conditions, existing technologies face numerous unresolved technical challenges regarding system stability, energy conversion efficiency, and adaptability to deep-sea environments.

[0003] First, existing offshore photovoltaic systems lack efficient bus ripple smoothing mechanisms. Random fluctuations in photovoltaic output directly affect the electrolyzer, causing the catalyst layer to physically peel off under the scouring of unsteady current, and inducing severe plate polarization effects, which greatly shortens the service life of the membrane electrode assembly.

[0004] Secondly, traditional systems employ passive-response control logic, which cannot parse complex task command flows, leading to a disconnect between energy scheduling and real-time environmental stress. Due to the lack of feature extraction of intent vectors, the system cannot perform proactive power allocation under extreme sea conditions, resulting in low energy utilization and rigid operating modes.

[0005] Furthermore, existing technologies lack dynamic balance compensation for deep-water hydrostatic pressure. Instantaneous imbalance of pressure difference inside and outside the electrolyzer can cause irreversible physical distortion or tearing of the proton exchange membrane, which in turn can lead to hydrogen-oxygen permeation and gas crosstalk, thereby physically damaging the safety and stability of the electrochemical reaction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a floating photovoltaic system coupled with an underwater hydrogen production system to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: This invention proposes a floating photovoltaic system coupled with an underwater hydrogen production system, comprising: A photovoltaic power acquisition module, the output of which is connected to the DC bus, is used to acquire raw DC power. The underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module has its input terminal connected to the DC bus via a high-voltage DC transmission circuit. The environmental sensing and monitoring module has its sensor signal output terminal connected to the input terminal of the central control module. The energy storage and damping module is bidirectionally connected between the DC bus and the central control module. The central control module integrates a power distribution logic unit, which dynamically adjusts the load input power of the underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module based on real-time power data fed back by the environmental sensing and monitoring module.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the photovoltaic power acquisition module includes multiple parallel photovoltaic array sub-units. Each photovoltaic array sub-unit is equipped with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The voltage detection input terminal of the MPPT controller is connected across the positive and negative output cables of the photovoltaic array, and its control signal output terminal is connected to the gate of the switching transistor of the DC converter. The output terminal of the DC converter is converged to the main current sampling shunt. The summarized DC current signal is transmitted to the DC bus through the main current sampling shunt. The communication interface of each photovoltaic array sub-unit is connected to the RS485 data bus to transmit real-time voltage and current parameters to the monitoring register of the central control module in real time.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module includes an electrolyzer array disposed in an underwater sealed environment. The anode bus and cathode bus of the electrolyzer array are respectively connected to a high-voltage DC transmission circuit through high-voltage resistant sealed insulated terminals. The inlet of the internal flow channel of the electrolyzer array is connected to a deionized water supply subsystem, and its outlet is connected to a gas-liquid mixture processing subsystem. The electrode surface of the electrolyzer array is loaded with a catalytic coating through a physical vapor deposition process. Each individual cell of the electrolyzer array is equipped with a potential detection probe, and the potential detection probe is connected to the voltage comparator of the central control module through a multiplexer.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the environmental sensing and monitoring module includes a light radiation intensity sensor located above the sea surface, an ambient temperature sensor, and a depth and pressure sensor located underwater. The signal pin of the light radiation intensity sensor is connected to the first channel of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the signal pin of the ambient temperature sensor is connected to the second channel of the ADC, and the output of the depth and pressure sensor is connected to the third channel of the ADC via an underwater shielded cable. The parallel output bus of the ADC is connected to the data processing interface of the central control module for converting simulated environmental physical parameters into digital logic vectors that can be recognized by the central control module.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage smoothing module includes a bidirectional DC-DC converter unit and a lithium battery energy storage unit. The high-voltage side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter unit is connected in parallel to the DC bus, and the low-voltage side is connected to the lithium battery energy storage unit. The drive logic circuit of the bidirectional DC-DC converter unit is connected to the PWM output port of the central control module. The lithium battery energy storage unit is equipped with a battery management system (BMS). The communication port of the BMS interacts with the communication module of the central control module through the CAN bus to upload the state of charge (SOC) and the internal resistance data of the individual cells in real time.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the central control module is further provided with an intent recognition engine. The input end of the intent recognition engine is connected to the data link layer of the remote user terminal, and its output end is connected to the power prediction calculation unit. The intent recognition engine extracts features from the received task instruction stream, generates the corresponding target hydrogen production rate vector, and stores the vector in the high-dimensional vector buffer of the system. The power prediction calculation unit calculates the optimal operating mode parameters of the system based on the data in the high-dimensional vector buffer and the current power supply margin, and sends the parameters to the register group of the power allocation logic unit.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas-liquid mixture processing subsystem is equipped with a pressure balance regulation module. The signal input terminal of the module is connected to a pressure transmitter, and the output terminal is connected to an electromagnetic exhaust valve located at the end of the hydrogen production circuit. The pressure transmitter is installed at the top of the separator in the hydrogen production pipeline. The drive terminal of the electromagnetic exhaust valve is connected to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller is integrated into the central control module and is used to maintain the physical pressure at the hydrogen production output terminal and the external underwater environmental pressure within a dynamic balance range, thereby ensuring the stability of the reaction interface inside the electrolyzer.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, a redundant safety protection module is also included. The redundant safety protection module includes a vacuum circuit breaker connected in series on the DC bus, a discharge resistor connected in parallel across the two ends of the electrolyzer, and a hydrogen concentration linkage alarm device located in the underwater sealed chamber. The alarm contact of the hydrogen concentration linkage alarm device is connected to the interrupt input pin of the central control module. Once the interrupt signal is triggered, the central control module immediately sends a trip pulse command to the vacuum circuit breaker and simultaneously connects the discharge resistor to convert the residual electrical energy in the system into heat energy for dissipation.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the central control module is connected to the cloud big data platform via a wireless communication unit. The wireless communication unit includes a satellite transmission module and a 5G radio frequency front-end. The cloud big data platform is equipped with an equipment life prediction model. The model calculates the health indicators of each module of the system by acquiring long-term voltage decay data, hydrogen production efficiency change trends and environmental stress parameters, and feeds the health indicators back to the display interface of the central control module to assist in adjusting the system's operating cycle strategy.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of this invention are as follows: This invention captures random photovoltaic energy through a photovoltaic power acquisition module, exchanges charge with an energy storage and smoothing module on a DC bus, and utilizes the rapid throughput capability of a bidirectional DC-DC converter unit for the electrochemical energy of the lithium battery energy storage unit to forcibly correct power ripple caused by sea wave obstruction or irradiation drop. The energy smoothing mechanism ensures that the electrical energy entering the high-voltage DC transmission circuit has amplitude stability, avoiding electrochemical corrosion and plate polarization effects caused by fluctuating current on the catalyst layer of the underwater electrolyzer.

[0017] The environmental perception and monitoring module of this invention synchronously collects analog quantities of sea surface irradiance and underwater static pressure through multiple channels of ADC and converts them into high-dimensional digital logic vectors, providing a multi-dimensional environmental mapping for the central control module. The intent recognition engine "freezes" the task instructions from the remote terminal into a target hydrogen production rate vector through feature extraction. Combined with the power prediction calculation unit's assessment of real-time supply margin, the system can cross the boundary between the physical layer and the logic layer to calculate the optimal operating mode. Based on the task scheduling scheme of vector embedding, it changes the limitation of traditional systems that can only passively respond to power fluctuations and realizes intelligent power allocation that makes advance predictions based on user intent and environmental stress.

[0018] This invention utilizes a pressure balance regulation module designed for deep-water, high-pressure environments. Through closed-loop collaboration between a pressure transmitter and an integrated PID controller, the internal pressure generated by the hydrogen evolution reaction and the external deep-water environment pressure are locked within a dynamic equilibrium range. An electromagnetic exhaust valve intervenes in the flow of the gas-liquid mixture processing subsystem, maintaining a stable mechanical pressure difference across the proton exchange membrane inside the electrolyzer. This prevents physical distortion of the reaction interface or gas cross-contamination under high pressure. A redundant safety protection module forms the final defense barrier at the bottom layer. Utilizing a millisecond-level hardware interruption mechanism between a hydrogen concentration-linked alarm and a vacuum circuit breaker, the energy flow is cut off and the heat dissipation program of the bleeder resistor is initiated the instant a leak is detected.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a modular framework diagram of the floating photovoltaic system and coupled underwater hydrogen production system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a functional framework diagram of the first module of the floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a functional framework diagram of the second module of the floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a functional framework diagram of the third module of the floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a functional framework diagram of the fourth module of the marine floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an embodiment of the present invention: a floating photovoltaic system coupled with an underwater hydrogen production system.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a floating photovoltaic system coupled with underwater hydrogen production, including: a photovoltaic power acquisition module, the output end of which is connected to a DC bus to acquire raw DC power; The underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module has its input terminal connected to the DC bus via a high-voltage DC transmission circuit. The environmental sensing and monitoring module has its sensor signal output terminal connected to the input terminal of the central control module. The energy storage and damping module is bidirectionally connected between the DC bus and the central control module. The central control module integrates a power distribution logic unit, which dynamically adjusts the load input power of the underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module based on real-time power data fed back by the environmental sensing and monitoring module.

[0024] In a specific application of this invention, after the system is put into operation, the photovoltaic power acquisition module absorbs solar radiation energy using the semiconductor band structure. The electron flow generated by photon excitation is collected at the module output and injected into the DC bus, forming a raw DC power supply source. During this process, the environmental perception and monitoring module acquires the irradiance fluctuations and the mechanical vibration frequency caused by waves in real time through a sensor matrix distributed on the surface of the buoyancy platform. It converts the physical quantities into current / voltage characteristic signals and transmits them to the input of the central control module. The power distribution logic unit inside the central control module performs nonlinear trend prediction based on the received real-time power data and identifies the power output ripple caused by cloud cover on the sea surface or system oscillation.

[0025] When the raw electrical energy on the DC bus experiences a sudden surge or drop, the energy storage smoothing module intervenes under the closed-loop drive of the central control module. Utilizing the electrochemical double layer or lithium-ion migration principle, the energy storage smoothing module exchanges ultrafast transient energy with the DC bus through a bidirectional DC-DC converter. During peak photovoltaic output, some electron flow is guided into the energy storage medium for temporary chemical energy conversion. During off-peak output, the energy storage module compensates for the bus voltage drop through reverse discharge. The energy compensation mechanism forcibly smooths the power curve on the DC bus, ensuring that the current density supplied to the deep-water environment remains within the steady-state range required by the electrolyzer. This prevents physical damage or increased chemical polarization of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) inside the underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module due to drastic voltage fluctuations.

[0026] The stabilized electrical energy is transmitted vertically downwards along the high-voltage direct current transmission circuit, passing through the deep-water pressure compensation interface and entering the underwater electrolysis hydrogen production module. Inside the electrolyzer, electrical energy drives water molecules to dissociate on the catalyst surface, and hydrogen ions pass through the proton exchange membrane to capture electrons at the cathode, producing hydrogen gas. At this time, the central control module dynamically adjusts the load input power of the electrolyzer based on the underwater hydrostatic pressure data fed back by the environmental sensing and monitoring module. Utilizing the coupling effect of physical pressure on electrolysis efficiency, the hydrogen production rate is matched with the current photovoltaic capture efficiency to achieve logic impedance matching. The produced hydrogen gas has a higher energy density under the deep-water high-pressure environment. By utilizing the constant high specific heat capacity of deep seawater as a cold source, the Joule heat generated by the electrolysis reaction is rapidly conducted to the external water body through the cabin walls, maintaining the thermodynamic balance of the reaction interface and preventing catalyst deactivation due to local overheating.

[0027] In one specific implementation, the photovoltaic power acquisition module includes multiple parallel photovoltaic array sub-units. Each photovoltaic array sub-unit is equipped with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The voltage detection input terminal of the MPPT controller is connected across the positive and negative output cables of the photovoltaic array, and its control signal output terminal is connected to the gate of the switching transistor of the DC converter. The output terminal of the DC converter is converged to the main current sampling shunt. The summarized DC current signal is transmitted to the DC bus through the main current sampling shunt. The communication interface of each photovoltaic array sub-unit is connected to the RS485 data bus to transmit real-time voltage and current parameters to the monitoring register of the central control module in real time.

[0028] The underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module includes an electrolyzer array housed in a sealed underwater environment. The anode and cathode busbars of the electrolyzer array are connected to a high-voltage DC transmission circuit via high-voltage resistant sealed insulated terminals. The inlet of the internal flow channel of the electrolyzer array is connected to a deionized water supply subsystem, and its outlet is connected to a gas-liquid mixture processing subsystem. The electrode surfaces of the electrolyzer array are coated with a catalytic coating using a physical vapor deposition process. Each individual cell of the electrolyzer array is equipped with a potential detection probe, which is connected to the voltage comparator of the central control module via a multiplexer.

[0029] In specific applications of this invention, after the system is put into operation, multiple parallel photovoltaic array sub-units in the photovoltaic power acquisition module synchronously start the power capture program. The MPPT controller equipped in each sub-unit captures the potential fluctuations between the positive and negative output cables of the photovoltaic array in real time through its voltage detection input terminal. It uses perturbation observation logic to drive the gate of the switching transistor of the DC converter. By changing the duty cycle of the power semiconductor device, it achieves millisecond-level adjustment of the output impedance on the power supply side at the physical level, so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic array is always locked near the maximum power point potential, realizing the efficient conversion of solar photons into controlled electron flow.

[0030] Controlled DC power is collected to the main current sampling shunt, and the proportional voltage drop generated by the shunt resistor is used to aggregate the current vectors from each path and inject them into the DC bus. During this process, the photovoltaic array sub-unit pushes real-time voltage and current parameters to the monitoring register of the central control module via the RS485 data bus. The digital monitoring mechanism provides real-time topology data for subsequent power distribution. After receiving the sea surface irradiance and underwater pressure vectors from the environmental perception and monitoring module, the central control module initiates energy balance calculations. Based on Kirchhoff's current law, it controls the energy storage smoothing module to perform charge throughput and discharge, and adjusts the chemical energy charging and discharging state of the lithium battery pack through the bidirectional DC-DC converter. This forcibly smooths the bus voltage ripple caused by sea surface cloud cover or wave fluctuations, ensuring that the power quality output from the DC bus meets the steady-state requirements of deep-sea hydrogen production.

[0031] The moderated DC power flows down the high-voltage DC transmission circuit, passing through high-voltage resistant sealed insulated terminals to enter the deep-sea hydrogen production module. Inside the electrolyzer array, DC power acts on the electrode surface loaded with a physical vapor deposition catalytic coating. The porous nanostructure of the catalytic coating reduces the overpotential of the hydrogen evolution reaction and accelerates the electrochemical dissociation of water molecules. The deionized water supply subsystem injects the reaction medium through an internal flow channel inlet based on the dynamic difference between the pressure inside the electrolyzer and the pressure at sea depth. On the cathode surface, hydrogen ions gain electrons and aggregate into hydrogen molecules. Utilizing the difference in solubility of gases in liquids and the principle of buoyancy, the generated hydrogen flows with the liquid into the gas-liquid mixture treatment subsystem, where the centrifugal force field of the cyclone separator achieves physical phase separation of hydrogen and water.

[0032] Meanwhile, potential detection probes distributed in individual cell positions capture the polarization potential signal on the electrode surface in real time, and feed the sampled value back to the voltage comparator of the central control module through a multiplexer. When the voltage comparator detects an abnormal increase in the potential of a certain cell, the central control module immediately reverses the power output of the DC converter at the photovoltaic end, or starts the energy storage smoothing module to perform instantaneous current shunting to prevent irreversible chemical passivation or membrane breakdown on the electrode surface.

[0033] In one specific implementation, the environmental sensing and monitoring module includes a light radiation intensity sensor located above sea level, an ambient temperature sensor, and a depth and pressure sensor located underwater. The signal pin of the light radiation intensity sensor is connected to the first channel of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the signal pin of the ambient temperature sensor is connected to the second channel of the ADC, and the output of the depth and pressure sensor is connected to the third channel of the ADC via an underwater shielded cable. The parallel output bus of the ADC is connected to the data processing interface of the central control module to convert the simulated environmental physical parameters into digital logic vectors that the central control module can recognize.

[0034] The energy storage smoothing module includes a bidirectional DC-DC converter unit and a lithium battery energy storage unit. The high-voltage side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter unit is connected in parallel to the DC bus, and the low-voltage side is connected to the lithium battery energy storage unit. The drive logic circuit of the bidirectional DC-DC converter unit is connected to the PWM output port of the central control module. The lithium battery energy storage unit is equipped with a battery management system (BMS). The communication port of the BMS interacts with the communication module of the central control module through the CAN bus to upload the state of charge (SOC) and the internal resistance data of the individual cells in real time.

[0035] In specific applications of this invention, during system operation, the environmental perception and monitoring module captures raw physical signals through sensor arrays distributed across different spatial dimensions. A light radiation intensity sensor positioned above sea level captures instantaneous solar irradiance, an ambient temperature sensor senses atmospheric heat fluctuations, and a depth pressure sensor underwater detects the hydrostatic pressure and its dynamic characteristics in deep water. The raw analog electrical signals enter specific channels of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) via their respective pins. Due to complex electromagnetic interference in the underwater environment, the output of the depth pressure sensor uses an underwater shielded cable for signal transmission. The electrostatic shielding principle of the shielding layer counteracts the erosion of weak electrical signals by ocean current friction and external electric fields. The ADC discretizes the continuous analog quantities reflecting the multidimensional environmental states of the sea surface and deep water into high-resolution digital signals, which are then converted by a parallel output bus into digital logic vectors recognizable by the central control module, providing a frequently updated "environmental snapshot" for the energy flow control of the entire system.

[0036] After acquiring the digital logic vector, the central control module initiates the energy prediction and mitigation program, directly intervening in the operation of the energy storage mitigation module. When the value fed back by the solar radiation intensity sensor drops sharply due to cloud cover, the central control module sends a frequency conversion control pulse to the drive logic circuit of the bidirectional DC-DC converter unit through its PWM output port. The bidirectional DC-DC converter unit responds to the change in the PWM duty cycle, adjusting the on / off timing of the power switching transistors and changing the magnetic energy conversion rate of the converter inductor. At this time, the converter unit connected in parallel to the high-voltage side of the DC bus quickly switches to discharge mode, injecting the electrochemical energy inside the lithium battery energy storage unit into the DC bus after being boosted by the low-voltage side.

[0037] During this dynamic scheduling process, the battery management system (BMS) inside the lithium battery energy storage unit continuously monitors the cell cluster online. The BMS uses a precision shunt and voltage detection circuit to obtain the terminal voltage, internal resistance data, and state of charge (SOC) obtained by current integration of each individual cell. It then transmits the multi-dimensional state data to the communication module of the central control module in the form of differential signals via the CAN bus. The central control module uses the received internal resistance data to assess the thermal runaway risk of the energy storage unit and dynamically corrects the upper limit of the duty cycle of the PWM output in combination with the SOC value to prevent the lithium battery from experiencing cycle life degradation due to deep charging and deep discharging.

[0038] Ultimately, the environmental logic vector converted by the ADC and the energy storage state parameters returned by the BMS are logically intersected within the central control module. The system maintains the steady-state characteristics of the DC bus energy flow by predicting the slope of the sea surface light radiation and combining the instantaneous power regulation capability of the energy storage unit.

[0039] In one specific implementation, the central control module also includes an intent recognition engine. The input of the intent recognition engine is connected to the data link layer of the remote user terminal, and its output is connected to the power prediction calculation unit. The intent recognition engine extracts features from the received task instruction stream, generates a corresponding target hydrogen production rate vector, and stores the vector in the system's high-dimensional vector buffer. The power prediction calculation unit calculates the optimal operating mode parameters of the system based on the data in the high-dimensional vector buffer and the current power supply margin, and sends the parameters to the register group of the power allocation logic unit.

[0040] The gas-liquid mixture processing subsystem is equipped with a pressure balance regulation module. The module's signal input is connected to a pressure transmitter, and its output is connected to an electromagnetic exhaust valve located at the end of the hydrogen production circuit. The pressure transmitter is installed at the top of the separator in the hydrogen production pipeline. The drive end of the electromagnetic exhaust valve is connected to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller is integrated into the central control module and is used to maintain the physical pressure at the hydrogen production output end and the external underwater environmental pressure within a dynamic balance range, thereby ensuring the stability of the reaction interface inside the electrolyzer.

[0041] In specific applications of this invention, during system operation, the intent recognition engine intercepts task instruction streams from the data link layer of remote user terminals in real time through its input terminal. The instruction streams contain fuzzy hydrogen production requirements or off-grid scheduling strategies. The intent recognition engine uses its internal semantic extraction operator to capture multi-dimensional features of unstructured instructions, transforming them into a target hydrogen production rate vector containing production, time, and priority dimensions. This vector is then locked in the system's high-dimensional vector buffer. This digital identity freezing process ensures that the remote operation intent has a unique logical benchmark before being transformed into underlying execution instructions. The power prediction calculation unit synchronously retrieves the target vector in the buffer and compares it with the current power supply margin fed back by the photovoltaic array and energy storage module. It then uses a multivariate optimization algorithm to calculate the optimal operating mode parameters of the system.

[0042] During the process of converting energy flow into hydrogen energy, the pressure balance regulation module inside the gas-liquid mixture processing subsystem begins to maintain the mechanical stability of the underwater reaction environment. The pressure transmitter installed at the top of the hydrogen production pipeline separator senses the internal gas phase pressure generated by the hydrogen evolution reaction in real time and feeds the pressure value back to the PID controller integrated inside the central control module. The PID controller compares the current internal pressure with the external underwater environmental pressure transmitted back by the depth pressure sensor according to the preset control logic, and calculates the amount of physical displacement required to eliminate the pressure difference.

[0043] Subsequently, the PID controller sends high-frequency regulating pulses to the drive end of the electromagnetic exhaust valve located at the end of the hydrogen production circuit. The electromagnetic exhaust valve controls the rate at which hydrogen is discharged to the hydrogen storage end by changing the opening degree or opening frequency of the valve core. According to the continuity equation in fluid dynamics, when the internal hydrogen evolution rate is greater than the exhaust rate, the internal pressure of the separator rises, and the PID controller increases the valve opening; conversely, it decreases the opening. This dynamic compensation mechanism based on differential pressure feedback ensures that the physical pressure at the hydrogen production output end and the external seawater static pressure are always maintained within a preset dynamic equilibrium difference range.

[0044] In one specific implementation, a redundant safety protection module is also included. The redundant safety protection module includes a vacuum circuit breaker connected in series on the DC bus, a discharge resistor connected in parallel across the two ends of the electrolyzer, and a hydrogen concentration linkage alarm located in the underwater sealed chamber. The alarm contact of the hydrogen concentration linkage alarm is connected to the interrupt input pin of the central control module. Once the interrupt signal is triggered, the central control module immediately sends a trip pulse command to the vacuum circuit breaker and simultaneously connects the discharge resistor to convert the residual electrical energy in the system into heat energy for dissipation.

[0045] In a specific application of this invention, when the system is in steady-state operation, the DC bus supplies controlled electrical energy to the deep-sea hydrogen production module through a vacuum circuit breaker connected in series on its link. At this time, the redundant safety protection module is in real-time monitoring mode. The hydrogen concentration linkage alarm device located in the underwater sealed chamber continuously samples the gas phase composition inside the chamber. It monitors the risk of gas leakage by utilizing the chemical adsorption effect of hydrogen molecules on the surface of sensitive elements. When the hydrogen concentration inside the underwater sealed chamber exceeds the preset safety threshold due to sealing failure or pipeline damage, the physical contacts inside the hydrogen concentration linkage alarm device flip the state. The resulting step electrical signal is transmitted to the interrupt input pin of the central control module through a shielded cable. The pin has the highest execution priority and can suspend all current power allocation tasks within milliseconds, forcing the system to enter the emergency shutdown procedure.

[0046] Upon detecting the interruption signal, the central control module immediately sends a high-current tripping pulse command to the magnetic tripping mechanism of the vacuum circuit breaker. The vacuum circuit breaker rapidly separates its contacts using electromagnetic repulsion and, under the action of the vacuum interrupter, forcibly disconnects the physical connection between the DC bus and the underwater electrolytic cell, blocking energy flow to the fault area at its source. Simultaneously with the circuit disconnection, the central control module synchronously drives the bleeder resistor circuit connected in parallel across the electrolytic cell to close. At this time, the residual electrical energy originally stored in the inductance of the long-distance high-voltage DC transmission circuit and the double-layer capacitance of the electrolytic cell electrodes forms a bleeder current driven by the potential difference, flowing through the bleeder resistor.

[0047] According to Joule's law, uncontrolled electrical energy that induces sparks or continuous electrolysis is rapidly converted into heat energy within the discharge resistor and dissipated into the surrounding heat dissipation medium. The charge neutralization process eliminates the residual voltage between the electrolytic cell plates, thus physically eliminating the cause of secondary disasters caused by electrical sparks in a hydrogen leak environment. Simultaneously, the central control module monitors the decay slope of the discharge current to confirm whether the system's internal energy has dropped below the safe limit.

[0048] In one specific implementation, the central control module is connected to the cloud big data platform via a wireless communication unit. The wireless communication unit includes a satellite transmission module and a 5G radio frequency front-end. The cloud big data platform has an equipment life prediction model. The model calculates the health indicators of each module of the system by acquiring long-term voltage decay data, hydrogen production efficiency change trends and environmental stress parameters, and feeds the health indicators back to the display interface of the central control module to assist in adjusting the system's operating cycle strategy.

[0049] In specific applications of this invention, during system operation, the central control module logically encapsulates the raw physical signals collected by the underlying sensor array and establishes a data mirror link with the cloud-based big data platform through the wireless communication unit. Due to the complex marine environment, the wireless communication unit seamlessly switches between the 5G radio frequency front-end and the satellite transmission module based on the current geographical location and base station coverage strength. Near the shore or within the coverage area, the 5G radio frequency front-end utilizes the characteristics of high frequency and wide bandwidth to transmit back the massive amounts of voltage, current, and pressure sampling data generated by the system every second at high speed; in the open sea or signal blind spots, the satellite transmission module ensures uninterrupted uplink of critical operational vectors through a low-orbit satellite link.

[0050] After receiving this multi-source heterogeneous data, the cloud-based big data platform imports it into its internally preset equipment lifespan prediction model. The model uses electrochemical kinetic equations combined with historical operating curves to quantitatively analyze the activity decay of catalysts on the electrolyzer electrode surface. Simultaneously, it correlates the impact of environmental stress parameters such as seawater salinity and temperature fluctuations on the electrochemical corrosion rate of metal structural components. By calculating the health indicators of each module in the system, the model identifies potential performance inflection points. For example, when the model detects a non-linear coupling between the hydrogen production efficiency decline curve and the voltage decay slope, it determines that the electrolyte membrane has undergone physical perforation or electrode fouling, and feeds back the calculated health indicators to the central control module's display interface via a wireless link.

[0051] Based on the health indicators fed back from the interface and the current operating environment, the central control module autonomously adjusts the system's operating cycle strategy. In the early stages of operation when the health level is high, the power allocation logic unit is configured to pursue maximum output, allowing the photovoltaic end to drive the electrolysis process at peak power. When the health indicators drop to a preset warning threshold, the central control module forcibly switches to a protective operating mode. At this time, the system reduces the electrolysis current density and increases the buffer ratio of the energy storage smoothing module to mitigate the accumulation of thermal stress inside the electrolyzer.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0053] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sea floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system, characterized in that, include: A photovoltaic power acquisition module, wherein the output terminal of the photovoltaic power acquisition module is connected to the DC bus to acquire raw DC power; An underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module, wherein the input terminal of the underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module is connected to the DC bus via a high-voltage DC transmission circuit; An environmental sensing and monitoring module, wherein the sensor signal output terminal of the environmental sensing and monitoring module is connected to the input terminal of the central control module; An energy storage and damping module is bidirectionally connected between the DC bus and the central control module; The central control module integrates a power distribution logic unit, which dynamically adjusts the load input power of the underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module based on real-time power data fed back by the environmental perception and monitoring module.

2. The offshore floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system of claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic power acquisition module includes multiple parallel photovoltaic array sub-units. Each photovoltaic array sub-unit is equipped with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The voltage detection input terminal of the MPPT controller is connected across the positive and negative output cables of the photovoltaic array, and its control signal output terminal is connected to the gate of the switching transistor of the DC converter. The output terminal of the DC converter is converged to the main current sampling shunt. The main current sampling shunt transmits the summarized DC current signal to the DC bus. The communication interface of each photovoltaic array sub-unit is connected to an RS485 data bus to transmit real-time voltage and current parameters to the monitoring register of the central control module in real time.

3. The offshore floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system of claim 1, wherein, The underwater electrolysis hydrogen production execution module includes an array of electrolyzers housed in a sealed underwater environment. The anode and cathode busbars of the electrolyzer array are connected to the high-voltage DC transmission circuit via high-voltage resistant sealed insulated terminals. The inlet of the internal flow channel of the electrolyzer array is connected to a deionized water supply subsystem, and its outlet is connected to a gas-liquid mixture processing subsystem. The electrode surfaces of the electrolyzer array are coated with a catalytic coating using a physical vapor deposition process. Each individual cell of the electrolyzer array is equipped with a potential detection probe, which is connected to the voltage comparator of the central control module via a multiplexer.

4. The offshore floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system of claim 1, wherein, The environmental sensing and monitoring module includes a light radiation intensity sensor above sea level, an ambient temperature sensor, and a depth and pressure sensor underwater. The signal pin of the light radiation intensity sensor is connected to the first channel of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the signal pin of the ambient temperature sensor is connected to the second channel of the ADC, and the output of the depth and pressure sensor is connected to the third channel of the ADC via an underwater shielded cable. The parallel output bus of the ADC is connected to the data processing interface of the central control module to convert simulated environmental physical parameters into digital logic vectors that the central control module can recognize.

5. The offshore floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system of claim 1, wherein, The energy storage smoothing module includes a bidirectional DC-DC converter unit and a lithium battery energy storage unit. The high-voltage side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter unit is connected in parallel to the DC bus, and the low-voltage side is connected to the lithium battery energy storage unit. The drive logic circuit of the bidirectional DC-DC converter unit is connected to the PWM output port of the central control module. The lithium battery energy storage unit is equipped with a battery management system (BMS). The communication port of the BMS interacts with the communication module of the central control module through the CAN bus to upload the state of charge (SOC) and the internal resistance data of the individual cells in real time.

6. The offshore floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen production system of claim 1, wherein, The central control module also includes an intent recognition engine. The input of the intent recognition engine is connected to the data link layer of the remote user terminal, and its output is connected to the power prediction calculation unit. The intent recognition engine extracts features from the received task instruction stream, generates a corresponding target hydrogen production rate vector, and stores the vector in the system's high-dimensional vector buffer. The power prediction calculation unit calculates the optimal operating mode parameters of the system based on the data in the high-dimensional vector buffer and the current power supply margin, and sends the parameters to the register group of the power allocation logic unit.

7. The offshore floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen generation system of claim 3, wherein, The gas-liquid mixture processing subsystem is equipped with a pressure balance regulation module. The module's signal input is connected to a pressure transmitter, and its output is connected to an electromagnetic exhaust valve located at the end of the hydrogen production circuit. The pressure transmitter is installed at the top of the separator in the hydrogen production pipeline. The drive end of the electromagnetic exhaust valve is connected to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller is integrated into the central control module and is used to maintain the physical pressure at the hydrogen production output end and the external underwater environmental pressure within a dynamic balance range, thereby ensuring the stability of the reaction interface inside the electrolyzer.

8. The offshore floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen generation system of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a redundant safety protection module, which includes a vacuum circuit breaker connected in series on the DC bus, a discharge resistor connected in parallel across the electrolyzer, and a hydrogen concentration linkage alarm located in the underwater sealed chamber. The alarm contact of the hydrogen concentration linkage alarm is connected to the interrupt input pin of the central control module. Once an interrupt signal is triggered, the central control module immediately sends a trip pulse command to the vacuum circuit breaker and simultaneously connects the discharge resistor to convert the residual electrical energy in the system into heat energy for dissipation.

9. The offshore floating photovoltaic and coupled underwater hydrogen generation system of claim 1, wherein, The central control module is connected to the cloud big data platform via a wireless communication unit. The wireless communication unit includes a satellite transmission module and a 5G radio frequency front-end. The cloud big data platform has an internal equipment life prediction model. The model calculates the health indicators of each module of the system by acquiring long-term voltage decay data, hydrogen production efficiency change trends and environmental stress parameters, and feeds the health indicators back to the display interface of the central control module to assist in adjusting the system's operating cycle strategy.

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