A mining fault water control and rush area roadway layout method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of roadway safety optimization technology, and discloses a roadway layout method for water control and scour prevention in mining-induced fault zones. The method includes: analyzing the geological and hydrological conditions of the mining area to obtain parameters of the fault fracture zone, aquifer parameters, and the range of mining-induced impact; dividing the mining area into multiple hazard level zones, including a stress reduction zone, based on the fault's water conductivity and stress concentration; determining the safe distance for water control between the roadway and the fault based on the width of the fault fracture zone, water pressure, and the impact of mining, and optimizing the width of the water-control column; and arranging the roadway within the stress reduction zone according to the characteristics of mining-induced stress distribution, and controlling the angle between the roadway direction and the fault direction to be an acute angle. This invention can significantly reduce the risk of fault-induced water inrush, effectively mitigate the danger of rockburst, achieve coordinated water control and scour prevention, improve the rationality of roadway layout, enhance the stability of the surrounding rock, and reduce disaster management and maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of roadway safety optimization technology, and in particular to a method for arranging roadways in mining-induced fault water control and scour prevention areas. Background Technology

[0002] In underground mining, faults are common geological structures that significantly impact mine safety. Fault fracture zones have well-developed fissures and high water conductivity, easily becoming channels for groundwater flow. Simultaneously, fault areas are sensitive to stress fields, easily experiencing stress redistribution and localized concentration during mining operations. Especially under deep, high-stress conditions, fault activation can induce disasters such as water inrush, mudslides, and rock bursts. These disasters often exhibit coupled characteristics, seriously threatening safe mine production and roadway stability.

[0003] Existing tunnel layout technologies are primarily designed based on mining efficiency and transportation needs, often lacking a systematic and comprehensive consideration of fault water control and scour prevention. Specifically, the relative positions of tunnels and faults are not finely optimized, easily leading to water-conducting channels or stress concentration zones; water control and scour prevention measures are mostly remedial measures in the later stages of mining, lacking early planning and integrated design; furthermore, existing methods struggle to implement graded layouts for different hazardous areas, resulting in high local disaster risks, increased tunnel support costs, and disruptions to production continuity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for arranging roadways in water control and scour prevention areas of mining-induced faults, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, significantly reduce the risk of fault water inrush, effectively weaken the danger of rockburst, achieve synergistic unity of water control and scour prevention, improve the rationality of roadway layout, enhance the stability of roadway surrounding rock, and reduce disaster management and maintenance costs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a method for arranging roadways in a mining-induced fault water control and scour prevention zone, comprising: Geological and hydrological conditions of the mining area were analyzed to obtain parameters of the fault fracture zone, aquifer parameters and the range of mining impact. Based on the water-conducting capacity and stress concentration of the fault, the mining area is divided into multiple danger level zones, including the stress reduction zone. Based on the width of the fault fracture zone, water pressure, and the impact of mining, the safe distance for water control between the roadway and the fault is determined, and the width of the waterproof column is optimized. Based on the characteristics of mining-induced stress distribution, the roadway is arranged within the stress reduction zone, and the angle between the roadway direction and the fault direction is controlled to be an acute angle.

[0006] Optionally, the multiple hazard level zones include high-hazard zones, medium-hazard zones, and low-hazard zones, wherein the low-hazard zone is the stress reduction zone.

[0007] Optionally, when optimizing the width of the waterproof column, the width of the waterproof column is increased with the increase of the width of the fault fracture zone and with the increase of the aquifer water pressure, and is corrected based on mining disturbance.

[0008] Optionally, the angle between the direction of the tunnel and the direction of the fault is 0° to 30°.

[0009] Optionally, it also includes: when laying out the roadway, using a roadway excavator for construction, and using anchor bolts, anchor cables and shotcrete support to strengthen the internal structure of the roadway.

[0010] Optionally, it also includes: conducting advance detection and drainage of water sources in the top slab and / or bottom slab near the fault area, and implementing water detection and drainage measures.

[0011] Optionally, it may also include: grouting the fault fracture zone to reduce its water conductivity.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes reducing local stress concentration in the fault region by one or more of drilling, hydraulic fracturing, or directional blasting.

[0013] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: This invention, by comprehensively considering factors such as the range of the fault fracture zone, water-conducting capacity, and aquifer water pressure during the roadway layout stage, rationally determines the safe distance for water control between the roadway and the fault, and optimizes the width of the waterproof column, effectively reducing the possibility of the roadway exposing the fault or approaching the water-conducting channel, thereby reducing the risk of fault water inrush from the source.

[0014] This invention combines the characteristics of mining-induced stress distribution, prioritizes the arrangement of roadways in stress-reducing zones, and controls the angle between the roadway direction and the fault direction to be an acute angle, so that the roadways avoid fault activation zones and stress concentration zones, thereby reducing the degree of concentrated load on the surrounding rock and weakening the possibility of rockburst.

[0015] Compared with the existing technology where water control measures and anti-scour measures are implemented separately and independently, this invention combines fault water-conducting characteristic analysis with mining-induced stress analysis, and carries out water control and anti-scour design simultaneously during the roadway layout stage, so as to achieve coordinated prevention and control of the two types of disasters and improve the overall governance effect.

[0016] This invention classifies mining areas by risk level, making the layout of tunnels more consistent with the laws of fault influence and the characteristics of disaster distribution, thus avoiding the blindness brought about by traditional experience-based layout.

[0017] By avoiding fault fracture zones and areas of high stress concentration, this invention can effectively improve the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway, reduce the degree of roadway deformation and damage, and enhance the long-term service stability of the roadway.

[0018] This invention proactively optimizes and mitigates risks in the early stages of roadway design, which can reduce the need for large-scale reinforcement, emergency repair, and maintenance projects in the later stages due to water inrush, rock bursts, or roadway instability, thereby reducing the cost of mine disaster management and roadway maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel layout method of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Water source on the roof; 2. Fault; 3. Layered rock mass; 4. Roof collapse due to rockburst in the tunnel; 5. Tunnel boring machine; 6. Internal structure of the tunnel; 7. Water source on the floor; 8. Tunnel; 9. Water inrush on the floor; 10. Mining disturbance; 11. Water inrush on the roof. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 This invention provides a method for arranging roadways in mining fault-controlled water-control and scour-prevention areas, applicable to mining areas with developed faults and risks of combined water inrush and rockburst disasters, including: A geological and hydrological analysis of the mining area was conducted to obtain parameters of the fault 2 fracture zone, aquifer parameters, and the impact range of mining activities. Specifically, this included: the distribution and water pressure of roof water source 1, the distribution and water pressure of floor water source 7, the extent and water-conducting characteristics of the fault 2 fracture zone, the structural characteristics of the layered rock mass 3, and the impact range of mining disturbance 10. The analysis showed that under mining disturbance, the fault 2 fracture zone is prone to forming water-conducting channels, inducing roof water inrush 11 and floor water inrush 9, while also causing stress concentration. Based on the water-conducting capacity and stress concentration of Fault 2, the mining area is divided into multiple danger level zones, including the stress reduction zone. Based on the width of the fracture zone of fault 2, water pressure, and the impact of mining, the safe distance for water control between roadway 8 and fault 2 was determined, and the width of the waterproof column was optimized. Based on the characteristics of mining stress distribution, roadway 8 is arranged in the stress reduction zone, and the angle between the direction of roadway 8 and the direction of fault 2 is controlled to be an acute angle.

[0024] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the water control safety distance Ls is: Where bf is the width of the fault fracture zone, in meters; and H is the aquifer water pressure, in MPa. γ is the mining impact coefficient (taken as 1.2); k1, k2, k3 are empirical coefficients, approximately 1.25.

[0025] In this embodiment, the multiple hazard level areas include high-hazard areas, medium-hazard areas, and low-hazard areas, where the low-hazard area is the stress reduction area. Specifically: High-risk area: Fault 2 fracture zone and its adjacent area, prone to top plate water inrush 11 and bottom plate water inrush 9; Medium-risk zone: Area affected by fault 2 but not directly connected; Low-risk zone: The area far from fault 2 and where stress release is obvious is the preferred location for roadway 8.

[0026] Furthermore, the fault water conductivity index Kf is used to characterize the water conductivity of a fault, and is defined as: Where bf is the width of the fault fracture zone, in meters; nf is the degree of fracture zone development, which can be represented by porosity; μ is the dynamic viscosity of the water; and α is a correction factor, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0, depending on the lithology.

[0027] The stress concentration factor λ is defined as: , where σmax is the local maximum principal stress; σ0 is the original rock stress.

[0028] Threshold for classifying high / medium / low hazard zones: Risk assessment index R: α and β are weighting coefficients, and α+β=1.

[0029] Preferably, when water control and erosion prevention are equally important, α and β are taken as 0.5. High-risk area: R≥1.2, the fault has strong water conductivity, obvious stress concentration, and high risk of water inrush and rock burst.

[0030] Medium-risk zone: 0.8≦R<1.2, significantly affected by faults and mining activities, with a certain risk of water inrush or impact.

[0031] Low-risk zone: R<0.8, with low water convection risk and low stress concentration, can be used as a priority area for roadway layout.

[0032] The low-risk zone is the stress reduction zone or stress unloading zone described in this invention, and the roadway is preferentially located in this zone.

[0033] Further, the criteria for determining the stress zone are: , where σi is the local maximum principal stress; σ0 is the original rock stress.

[0034] Judgment criteria: In the stress reduction zone, η < 0.8; in the normal zone, 0.8 ≤ η ≤ 1.2; in the stress concentration zone, η > 1.2.

[0035] In this embodiment, when optimizing the width of the waterproof column, the width of the waterproof column is increased with the increase of the width of the fracture zone of fault 2 and with the increase of the water pressure of the aquifer, and is corrected based on the mining disturbance.

[0036] Furthermore, the coal pillar width B optimization model: , Where λ is the stress concentration factor (the larger the factor, the larger the coal pillar needs to be); η is the degree of stress reduction (the smaller the factor, the smaller the coal pillar can be); and a and b are adjustment coefficients (0.5~1.5).

[0037] By optimizing the width of the waterproof column, it can effectively block the water inrush from the top slab (11) and the bottom slab (9), while avoiding stress concentration caused by the excessive width of the waterproof column.

[0038] In this embodiment, the angle between the direction of the tunnel 8 and the direction of the fault 2 is 0° to 30°. The direction of the tunnel 8 and the direction of the fault 2 are preferably arranged approximately parallel to each other, so that the tunnel 8 extends along the stress reduction zone, which can effectively avoid the collapse of the roof 4 due to rockburst.

[0039] Furthermore, the angle between the tunnel direction and the fault direction is denoted as θ. This invention controls this angle to be 0°≤0≤30°, preferably approximately parallel, i.e., 5°≤0≤15°.

[0040] The basis for its determination is as follows: To avoid roadways directly cutting through fault fracture zones, especially when the angle between the roadway and the fault is large, making it nearly perpendicular, the roadway is more likely to penetrate the fault fracture zone, increasing the risk of water diversion channel breakthrough and easily inducing roof or floor water inrush. Therefore, this invention reduces the possibility of roadways exposing fault fracture zones by controlling the angle to be acute and preferably arranging the roadway approximately parallel.

[0041] To reduce the concentration of mining stress, when the roadway is arranged approximately parallel to the fault, the roadway can extend along the stress reduction zone or the pressure relief zone, avoiding crossing the high stress concentration zone near the fault. This reduces the degree of concentrated load on the surrounding rock of the roadway and reduces the risk of rockburst and roof collapse.

[0042] When the angle between the water control safety distance and the coal pillar width is optimized to be small, the distance between the roadway and the fault is easier to maintain and is conducive to the reasonable setting of the width of the waterproof coal (rock) pillar. This ensures that the coal pillar meets the water control safety distance requirements while avoiding local stress concentration caused by excessively wide coal pillars.

[0043] In this embodiment, the method further includes: when laying out the roadway 8, a roadway excavator 5 is used for construction, and the internal structure 6 of the roadway (6 in the attached figure is an enlarged schematic diagram) is reinforced with anchor bolts, anchor cables and shotcrete support to improve the overall stability of the roadway 8 and resist mining disturbances 10.

[0044] In this embodiment, it also includes: in the area near the fault 2, conducting advance detection and drainage of the top plate water source 1 and / or the bottom plate water source 7, and implementing water detection and drainage measures.

[0045] In this embodiment, the method further includes: grouting and reinforcing the fracture zone of fault 2 to reduce its water conductivity, construct a fault water-blocking curtain, or enhance the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0046] In this embodiment, it also includes: reducing the local stress concentration in the fault 2 region by one or more of drilling, hydraulic fracturing or directional blasting to reduce the stress, and constructing a stress reduction zone around the roadway 8.

[0047] Through the above arrangement, this embodiment can effectively control roof water inrush 11 and floor water inrush 9; reduce stress concentration caused by mining disturbance 10; prevent roof collapse 4 due to rock bursts in the roadway; and improve the stability and safety of the roadway 8. At the same time, by reasonably adjusting the width of the waterproof pillars (coal / rock pillars), the water control requirements are met, and the degree of stress concentration is reduced, thus achieving synergistic optimization of water inrush prevention and rock burst prevention.

[0048] This implementation constructs an integrated design process of "fault water control - stress optimization - zoned layout - dynamic regulation" to achieve synergistic optimization of water control safety and stress regulation.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0050] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging roadways in a water control and erosion prevention zone of a mining-induced fault, characterized in that, include: Geological and hydrological conditions of the mining area were analyzed to obtain parameters of the fault (2) fracture zone, aquifer parameters and the range of mining impact. Based on the water-conducting capacity and stress concentration of the fault (2), the mining area is divided into multiple dangerous zones, including the stress reduction zone. Based on the width of the fracture zone of the fault (2), water pressure and mining impact, determine the safe distance for water control between the roadway (8) and the fault (2), and optimize the width of the waterproof column; Based on the characteristics of mining stress distribution, the roadway (8) is arranged in the stress reduction zone, and the angle between the direction of the roadway (8) and the direction of the fault (2) is controlled to be an acute angle.

2. The method for arranging roadways in a water control and scour prevention zone of a mining-induced fault according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple hazard level zones include high-hazard zones, medium-hazard zones, and low-hazard zones, wherein the low-hazard zone is the stress reduction zone.

3. The method for arranging roadways in a mining-induced fault water control and erosion prevention zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, When optimizing the width of the waterproof column, the width of the waterproof column increases with the increase of the width of the fault (2) fracture zone and with the increase of the aquifer water pressure, and is corrected based on mining disturbance.

4. The method for arranging roadways in a mining-induced fault water control and scour prevention zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the orientation of the tunnel (8) and the orientation of the fault (2) is 0° to 30°.

5. The method for arranging roadways in a mining-induced fault water control and scour prevention zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: When arranging the tunnel (8), a tunnel boring machine (5) is used for construction, and the internal structure (6) of the tunnel is reinforced with anchor bolts, anchor cables and shotcrete support.

6. The method for arranging roadways in a mining-induced fault water control and scour prevention zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: In the area near the fault (2), advance detection and drainage of the top plate water source (1) and / or bottom plate water source (7) are carried out, and water detection and drainage measures are implemented.

7. The method for arranging roadways in a water-control and scour-prevention zone of a mining-induced fault according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Grouting was performed on the fracture zone of the fault (2) to reduce its water conductivity.

8. The method for arranging roadways in a mining-induced fault water control and scour prevention zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The local stress concentration in the fault (2) region is reduced by one or more of the following methods: borehole decompression, hydraulic fracturing, or directional blasting decompression.

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