A multi-octave broadband six-bit digital phase shifter with all-pass balun structure

Abstract

This invention provides a multi-octave broadband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure, belonging to the field of digitally controlled phase shifter technology. By combining phase shifting units with different timings and employing a switch-based linear phase shifting structure combined with a balun, this invention effectively achieves high-precision broadband phase shifting control from small steps to large angles. The use of negatively coupled inductors expands the operating bandwidth, optimizes phase linearity and stability, and the interleaved arrangement of large and small phase shifting units further reduces signal reflection and improves standing wave performance. By utilizing two sets of symmetrical single-pole double-throw switches to achieve fast and stable switching between the ground state and the phase-shifted state, the balance of the signal path and impedance matching are ensured, significantly improving the insertion loss and switching speed of the phase shifter. This not only meets the complex requirements of multi-octave broadband operation but also improves the reliability and integration of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of numerically controlled phase shifter technology, specifically to a multi-octave broadband six-digit numerically controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of digital phased array radar and broadband communication systems, higher performance requirements have been placed on phase shifters, especially for achieving high-precision, low-loss, and fast-switching phase control under multi-octave broadband conditions. However, traditional phase shifters face many challenges in achieving broadband high-resolution phase shifting, such as bandwidth limitations, phase nonlinearity, high insertion loss, and deterioration of VSWR. A particular technical bottleneck exists in balancing small-step phase angle subdivision with large-angle broadband phase shifting. Furthermore, signal reflection and impedance mismatch issues in cascaded multi-phase-shifting units severely affect overall system performance, limiting the application effectiveness of phase shifters in complex environments.

[0003] In the prior art, CN121749945A discloses a broadband digital phase shifter based on an inductor-shared topology and an equivalent bandpass network, relating to the field of microwave integrated circuit technology and suitable for Sub-GHz band applications. This phase shifter includes a phase shift circuit module and a drive circuit module. The phase shift circuit module contains six basic phase shift units, divided into fine phase shift units and coarse phase shift units, working together to achieve full-range multi-state phase shifting. The fine phase shift unit adopts an inductor-shared topology, allowing the phase shift path and reference path to share the same circuit architecture, simplifying design and optimizing chip layout. The coarse phase shift unit uses an all-pass network as the reference path, and the phase shift path is an equivalent bandpass network formed by cascading a high-pass network and a low-pass network. The 180° phase shifter uses a dual-inductor all-pass network to optimize the amplitude-frequency response. The drive circuit module outputs complementary voltage pairs through a level conversion circuit to drive switching transistors to achieve path switching. While this scheme can achieve phase shifting, it relies on a cascaded high-pass and low-pass structure for phase shifting accuracy at large angles, resulting in high circuit complexity. Compared to the balun structure, it has higher insertion loss and poorer broadband phase linearity, making it difficult to achieve excellent impedance matching and low-loss transmission over multiple octaves.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-octave broadband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A multi-octave broadband six-digit digital phase shifter with a full-pass balun structure specifically includes: 5.625°, 11.25°, 22.5°, 45°, 90°, and 180° units. The units are electrically connected sequentially in the order of 22.5°, 180°, 5.625°, 90°, 45°, and 11.25° units, and each pair is matched with a 50-ohm matching line. The 5.625° unit is a linear phase-shifting switch structure, including four sets of FET switches, two sets of inductors and one set of capacitors. The 5.625° unit switches between the ground state and the phase-shifting state by simultaneously changing the operating states of the four sets of FET switches. The 11.25° unit and the 22.5° unit have the same structure, both including two sets of single-pole double-throw switches arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The two sets of single-pole double-throw switches together form two vertically symmetrical branches. The upper branch is connected to a first ground state full-pass network structure, and the lower branch is connected to a first phase-shifting full-pass network structure. The 11.25° unit and the 22.5° unit switch between the ground state and the phase-shifting state by changing the on and off state of the branches. The 45° unit and the 90° unit have the same structure, both including two sets of single-pole double-throw switches arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The two sets of single-pole double-throw switches together form two branches symmetrical on the top and bottom. The upper branch is connected to the second ground state full-pass network structure, and the lower branch is connected to the second phase-shifting state full-pass network structure. The 45° unit and the 90° unit switch the ground state and the phase-shifting state by changing the on and off state of the branch. The 180° unit includes two sets of single-pole double-throw switches arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The two sets of single-pole double-throw switches together form two branches that are symmetrical on the top and bottom. The upper branch is connected to a second ground-state full-pass network structure, and the lower branch is connected to a second phase-shifting full-pass network structure and a high-pass network structure. The 180° unit switches between the ground state and the phase-shifting state by changing the on and off state of the branch.

[0007] Preferably, in the linear phase-shifting switch structure, two sets of FET switches and one set of capacitors are connected in parallel to each other to form a three-branch structure. The other two sets of FET switches are connected in parallel to ground at both ends of the three-branch structure, and an inductor is connected in series at each end of the three-branch structure.

[0008] Preferably, the four FET switches in the linear phase-shifting switch structure have the same operating state. When all four FET switches are in the ON state, the 5.625° unit is in the ground state. When all four FET switches are in the OFF state, the 5.625° unit is in the phase-shifting state.

[0009] Preferably, the single-pole double-throw switch also includes four sets of FET switches. The four sets of FET switches are connected in series and grounded at both ends. The four sets of FET switches are arranged symmetrically on both sides. A first signal node is set at the symmetrical point. For each pair of FET switches, a second signal node is set between them. Both the first signal node and the second signal node are used for signal input or output.

[0010] Preferably, the first ground-state full-pass network structure, the second ground-state full-pass network structure, the first phase-shifted full-pass network structure, and the second phase-shifted full-pass network structure are all constructed based on the full-pass balun structure. The full-pass balun structure includes two inductor coils with opposite winding directions, and the two inductor coils are set with a negative coupling coefficient to extend the operating bandwidth.

[0011] Preferably, the all-through balun structure includes a first balun structure and a second balun structure. The first ground-state all-through network structure and the first phase-shifted all-through network structure are different operating states of the first balun structure, and the second ground-state all-through network structure and the second phase-shifted all-through network structure are different operating states of the second balun structure. Compared with the second balun structure, in the first balun structure, a tuning capacitor is electrically connected to one end of each of the two inductor coils inside.

[0012] Preferably, each of the all-through balun structures includes a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the first output terminal is connected to the upper branch and the second output terminal is connected to the lower branch, and satisfies the following: When the upper branch is on, the lower branch is off. Both the first balun structure and the second balun structure output through the first output terminal and work as the first ground state all-pass network structure and the second ground state all-pass network structure, respectively. When the upper branch is disconnected, the lower branch is connected. Both the first balun structure and the second balun structure output through the second output terminal and work as the first phase-shifted full-pass network structure and the second phase-shifted full-pass network structure, respectively.

[0013] Preferably, in the 180° unit, the second output terminal of the second balun structure is connected in series with the Qualcomm network structure and then connected to the lower branch. The Qualcomm network structure includes two capacitors connected in series, and an inductor is connected in parallel between the two capacitors. The other end of the inductor is grounded.

[0014] Preferably, the first balun structure achieves different phase shift angles by adjusting the size of the inductor coil and the capacitance of the tuning capacitor, and the second balun structure achieves different phase shift angles by adjusting the size of the inductor coil and the capacitance of the tuning capacitor.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention effectively achieves high-precision broadband phase-shift control from small steps to large angles by combining phase-shifting units with different timings and employing a switch-based linear phase-shifting structure combined with a balun. The use of negatively coupled inductors expands the operating bandwidth, optimizes phase linearity and stability, and the interleaved arrangement of large and small phase-shifting units further reduces signal reflection and improves standing wave performance. By utilizing two sets of symmetrical single-pole double-throw switches to achieve fast and stable switching between the ground state and phase-shifting state, the balance of the signal path and impedance matching are ensured, significantly improving the insertion loss and switching speed of the phase shifter. This not only meets the complex requirements of multi-octave broadband operation but also improves the reliability and integration of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall unit structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the 5.625° unit in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the two sets of single-pole double-throw switches in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the 11.25° unit and the 22.5° unit in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the 45° unit and the 90° unit in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the 180° unit in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the all-through balun structure in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0019] Example: Please see Figures 1-7 The present invention provides a technical solution: A multi-octave broadband six-digit digital phase shifter with an all-through balun structure specifically includes: 5.625°, 11.25°, 22.5°, 45°, 90°, and 180° units. The units are electrically connected sequentially in the order of 22.5°, 180°, 5.625°, 90°, 45°, and 11.25° units, and each pair is matched with a 50-ohm matching line.

[0020] Specifically, the RF input port is connected to the input port of the 22.5° unit, the output port of the 22.5° unit is connected to the input port of the 180° unit, the output port of the 180° unit is connected to the input port of the 5.625° unit, the output port of the 5.625° unit is connected to the input port of the 90° unit, the output port of the 90° unit is connected to the input port of the 45° unit, the output port of the 45° unit is connected to the input port of the 11.25° unit, and the output port of the 11.25° unit is connected to the output port of the entire chip. This connection method, by controlling six sets of units with different phase shift angles, can achieve 64 phase shift states in 5.625° steps, thus realizing a phase shift range from 0 to 354.375°.

[0021] Furthermore, by alternating and cascading units with large and small phase shift angles, it is beneficial to utilize the impedance transformation characteristics of the transmission line to make the reflection coefficients of each unit "cancel out" or disperse in phase and amplitude, thereby reducing the peak value of the overall reflection superposition and thus reducing the local and global standing wave ratio, which can effectively improve the situation of standing wave degradation.

[0022] The 5.625° cell is a linear phase-shifting switch structure, consisting of four sets of FET switches, two sets of inductors, and one set of capacitors. The 5.625° cell switches between the ground state and the phase-shifting state by simultaneously changing the operating states of the four sets of FET switches.

[0023] In the linear phase-shifting switch structure, two sets of FET switches and one set of capacitors C are connected in parallel to form a three-branch structure. The other two sets of FET switches are connected in parallel to ground (GND1) at both ends of the three-branch structure, and inductors L1 and L2 are connected in series at both ends of the three-branch structure. The four sets of FET switches in the linear phase-shifting switch structure operate in the same state. When all four sets of FET switches are on, the 5.625° unit is in the ground state; when all four sets of FET switches are off, the 5.625° unit is in the phase-shifted state. For each set of FET switches, a resistor R is connected in series at its base. The input signal Rfin enters from one end of inductor L1, passes through the entire 5.625° unit, and generates the output signal Rfout, which is output from the other end of inductor L2.

[0024] As can be seen from the circuit structure of the 5.625° unit, when all four FET switches are turned on simultaneously, the middle capacitor is bypassed, and the inductors at both ends are grounded. The signal path impedance is close to pure impedance, resulting in minimal phase delay during transmission and an overall phase shift effect approaching zero, i.e., it is in the ground state. When all four FET switches are turned off simultaneously, the three branches in the middle form a pure capacitive branch, which, together with the two inductors, forms an LC network. The relationship between the inductance, capacitance, and phase shift angle satisfies the following equation: In the formula Indicates the phase shift angle. Indicates the angular frequency of the signal. , These represent the inductance and capacitance values, respectively. In other words, the desired phase shift angle can be achieved by changing the inductance and capacitance values.

[0025] In this step, since 5.625° is a small phase shift step with high precision, FET switching is used for control. This allows for small-angle linear phase shift with the cooperation of inductors and capacitors. Moreover, compared with traditional mechanical or PIN diode phase shifters, FET switches have a fast response speed and low power consumption, which helps maintain impedance matching, reduce reflections and standing waves, and improve signal transmission quality.

[0026] The 11.25° unit and the 22.5° unit have the same structure, both including two sets of single-pole double-throw switches arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The two sets of single-pole double-throw switches together form two branches that are symmetrical on the top and bottom. The upper branch is connected to the first ground state full-pass network structure, and the lower branch is connected to the first phase-shifting state full-pass network structure. The 11.25° unit and the 22.5° unit switch between the ground state and the phase-shifting state by changing the on and off state of the branches.

[0027] The 45° and 90° units have the same structure, both including two sets of single-pole double-throw switches arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The two sets of single-pole double-throw switches together form two branches symmetrical on the top and bottom. The upper branch is connected to the second ground state full-pass network structure, and the lower branch is connected to the second phase-shifting state full-pass network structure. The 45° and 90° units switch the ground state and phase-shifting state by changing the on and off state of the branches. The 180° unit includes two sets of single-pole double-throw switches arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The two sets of single-pole double-throw switches together form two branches that are symmetrical on the top and bottom. The upper branch is connected to a second ground-state full-pass network structure, and the lower branch is connected to a second phase-shifting full-pass network structure and a high-pass network structure. The 180° unit switches between the ground state and the phase-shifting state by changing the on and off state of the branch.

[0028] The single-pole double-throw (SPD) switch also includes four sets of FET switches. These four sets of FET switches are connected in series and grounded at both ends. The four sets of FET switches are symmetrically arranged on both sides, with a first signal node M1 at each symmetrical point. For each pair of FET switches on each side, a second signal node M2 ​​is placed between them. Both the first and second signal nodes are used for signal input or output. In this embodiment, the four sets of FET switches on the upper side of the two SPD switches together form the upper branch. The input signal Rfin enters from the first signal node of the left SPD switch, exits from the upper or lower side, enters the second signal node of the right SPD switch through the upper or lower branch, and then exits from the first signal node of the right SPD switch (i.e., the output signal Rfout). By simultaneously changing both sets of SPD switches, the switching control of the upper or lower branch can be achieved.

[0029] This method utilizes two symmetrical single-pole double-throw switch groups to construct a symmetrical dual-branch structure. The symmetrical physical structure ensures signal path balance and impedance matching. Furthermore, by switching the control signal between the ground state and the phase-shifting balun structure, it can achieve fast and stable phase switching, thereby meeting the stringent requirements for switching speed and reliability in digital phased arrays.

[0030] The first ground-state all-pass network structure, the second ground-state all-pass network structure, the first phase-shifted all-pass network structure, and the second phase-shifted all-pass network structure are all constructed based on the all-pass balun structure. The all-pass balun structure includes two inductor coils wound in opposite directions, with a negative coupling coefficient between the two inductor coils to extend the operating bandwidth. It is understood that the magnetic coupling between the two inductor coils leads to the separation of the resonant frequencies of the dipole and odd modes in the balun structure. This separation causes the signal to generate different frequency-dependent phase responses when passing through the balun, thereby achieving a wideband and controllable phase delay. Furthermore, the negative coupling coefficient means that the magnetic flux directions of the two inductor coils are opposite, which can separate the resonant frequencies of the dipole and odd modes, reduce the steepness of the resonance peak, reduce the nonlinearity of the phase response, and thus improve the phase linearity and stability within the bandwidth.

[0031] The all-through balun structure includes a first balun structure and a second balun structure. The first ground-state all-through network structure and the first phase-shifting all-through network structure represent different operating states of the first balun structure. Similarly, the second ground-state all-through network structure and the second phase-shifting all-through network structure represent different operating states of the second balun structure. Compared to the second balun structure, in the first balun structure, the two internal inductor coils at ends A and B are each electrically connected to a tuning capacitor. The first balun structure achieves different phase-shifting angles by adjusting the size of the inductor coils and the capacitance value of the tuning capacitor, just as the second balun structure achieves different phase-shifting angles by adjusting the size of the inductor coils and the capacitance value of the tuning capacitor.

[0032] In the 180° unit, the second output terminal of the second balun structure is connected in series with the Qualcomm network structure and then connected to the lower branch. The Qualcomm network structure includes two capacitors connected in series, and an inductor is connected in parallel between the two capacitors. The other end of the inductor is grounded.

[0033] In short, the first and second balun structures are largely the same in overall structure, differing only in whether a tuning capacitor is connected to the internal port. This is because the phase shift angle is still relatively small in the 11.25° and 22.5° units, requiring finer phase control. Since the capacitor can adjust the phase shift angle, it needs to be used as a controllable element to fine-tune the resonant frequency, thereby achieving more precise control over the phase shift angle. In other words, small-angle phase shift units are highly sensitive to device parameters, and the tuning capacitor helps to balance design accuracy and broadband performance. Therefore, a tuning capacitor is connected to the internal port of the first balun structure. Conversely, in 45°, 90°, and 180° units, the phase shift angle is already large, and it relies more on inductive coupling and topology to achieve phase shift. The fine-tuning effect of the tuning capacitor is relatively insignificant, so it is removed. In other words, for large-angle phase shift units, the inductor coil structure itself is sufficient to achieve the expected phase jump, without the need for additional tuning components. This not only simplifies the circuit but also avoids the introduction of additional parasitics and losses, thereby improving stability and bandwidth.

[0034] Furthermore, since a significant phase shift is required for the 180° unit, it is difficult to achieve using only the second balun structure. Therefore, a high-pass network structure is connected in series at its output to enhance the phase shift characteristics and bandwidth performance. As shown in the schematic diagram of the high-pass network structure, it is equivalent to a T-type high-pass filter structure. It has low impedance for high-frequency signals, allowing them to pass, but high impedance at low frequencies, restricting their passage. Therefore, connecting the high-pass network structure to the output of the second balun structure not only utilizes its frequency-dependent phase delay characteristics to supplement and adjust the overall phase response, providing additional phase adjustment freedom and effectively achieving a stable 180° phase shift over a wide bandwidth, but also improves phase linearity within the bandwidth and reduces phase distortion. Furthermore, since the high-pass network itself has a certain impedance adjustment function, combining it with the second balun structure can achieve better input-output impedance matching, thereby helping to reduce the standing wave ratio (VSWR), signal reflection, and insertion loss.

[0035] All-through balun structures include a first output terminal P1 and a second output terminal P2, wherein the first output terminal is connected to the upper branch and the second output terminal is connected to the lower branch, and satisfy the following conditions: When the upper branch is on, the lower branch is off. Both the first balun structure and the second balun structure output through the first output terminal and work as the first ground state all-pass network structure and the second ground state all-pass network structure, respectively. When the upper branch is disconnected, the lower branch is connected. Both the first balun structure and the second balun structure output through the second output terminal and work as the first phase-shifted full-pass network structure and the second phase-shifted full-pass network structure, respectively.

[0036] Taking the 11.25° unit in this embodiment as an example, it adopts a first balun structure. When the upper branch is on and the lower branch is off, the 11.25° unit is in the ground state. At this time, the first balun structure is equivalent to the first ground state all-pass network structure in the schematic diagram. When the upper branch is off and the lower branch is on, the 11.25° unit is in the phase-shifting state. At this time, the first balun structure is equivalent to the second phase-shifting all-pass network structure in the schematic diagram.

[0037] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0038] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0039] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0040] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-octave broadband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: The 5.625° unit, 11.25° unit, 22.5° unit, 45° unit, 90° unit, and 180° unit are electrically connected in the following order: 22.5° unit, 180° unit, 5.625° unit, 90° unit, 45° unit, and 11.25° unit. Each pair of units is matched with a 50-ohm matching wire. The 5.625° unit is a linear phase-shifting switch structure, including four sets of FET switches, two sets of inductors and one set of capacitors. The 5.625° unit switches between the ground state and the phase-shifting state by simultaneously changing the operating states of the four sets of FET switches. The 11.25° unit and the 22.5° unit have the same structure, both including two sets of single-pole double-throw switches arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The two sets of single-pole double-throw switches together form two vertically symmetrical branches. The upper branch is connected to a first ground state full-pass network structure, and the lower branch is connected to a first phase-shifting full-pass network structure. The 11.25° unit and the 22.5° unit switch between the ground state and the phase-shifting state by changing the on and off state of the branches. The 45° unit and the 90° unit have the same structure, both including two sets of single-pole double-throw switches arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The two sets of single-pole double-throw switches together form two branches symmetrical on the top and bottom. The upper branch is connected to the second ground state full-pass network structure, and the lower branch is connected to the second phase-shifting state full-pass network structure. The 45° unit and the 90° unit switch the ground state and the phase-shifting state by changing the on and off state of the branch. The 180° unit includes two sets of single-pole double-throw switches arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The two sets of single-pole double-throw switches together form two branches that are symmetrical on the top and bottom. The upper branch is connected to a second ground-state full-pass network structure, and the lower branch is connected to a second phase-shifting full-pass network structure and a high-pass network structure. The 180° unit switches between the ground state and the phase-shifting state by changing the on and off state of the branch.

2. The multi-octave broadband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the aforementioned linear phase-shifting switch structure, two sets of FET switches and one set of capacitors are connected in parallel to each other to form a three-branch structure. The other two sets of FET switches are connected in parallel to ground at both ends of the three-branch structure, and an inductor is connected in series at each end of the three-branch structure.

3. The multi-octave broadband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The linear phase-shifting structure of the switch has four sets of FET switches, and the four sets of FET switches have the same operating state. When all four sets of FET switches are in the on state, the 5.625° unit is in the ground state. When all four sets of FET switches are in the off state, the 5.625° unit is in the phase-shifting state.

4. The multi-octave broadband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single-pole double-throw switch also includes four sets of FET switches. The four sets of FET switches are connected in series and grounded at both ends. The four sets of FET switches are arranged symmetrically on both sides. A first signal node is set at the symmetrical point. For each pair of FET switches, a second signal node is set between them. Both the first signal node and the second signal node are used for signal input or output.

5. A multi-octave wideband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first ground-state full-pass network structure, the second ground-state full-pass network structure, the first phase-shifted full-pass network structure, and the second phase-shifted full-pass network structure are all constructed based on the full-pass balun structure. The full-pass balun structure includes two inductor coils with opposite winding directions, and the two inductor coils are set with a negative coupling coefficient to expand the operating bandwidth.

6. A multi-octave wideband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The all-through balun structure includes a first balun structure and a second balun structure. The first ground-state all-through network structure and the first phase-shifted all-through network structure are different operating states of the first balun structure, and the second ground-state all-through network structure and the second phase-shifted all-through network structure are different operating states of the second balun structure. Compared with the second balun structure, in the first balun structure, a tuning capacitor is electrically connected to one end of each of the two inductor coils inside.

7. A multi-octave wideband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fully connected balun structure includes a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the first output terminal is connected to the upper branch and the second output terminal is connected to the lower branch, and satisfies the following: When the upper branch is on, the lower branch is off. Both the first balun structure and the second balun structure output through the first output terminal and work as the first ground state all-pass network structure and the second ground state all-pass network structure, respectively. When the upper branch is disconnected, the lower branch is connected. Both the first balun structure and the second balun structure output through the second output terminal and work as the first phase-shifted full-pass network structure and the second phase-shifted full-pass network structure, respectively.

8. A multi-octave wideband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the 180° unit, the second output terminal of the second balun structure is connected in series with the Qualcomm network structure and then connected to the lower branch. The Qualcomm network structure includes two capacitors connected in series, and an inductor is connected in parallel between the two capacitors. The other end of the inductor is grounded.

9. A multi-octave wideband six-digit digitally controlled phase shifter with an all-through balun structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first balun structure achieves different phase shift angles by adjusting the size of the inductor coil and the capacitance of the tuning capacitor, and the second balun structure achieves different phase shift angles by adjusting the size of the inductor coil and the capacitance of the tuning capacitor.

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