A corn planting method with light, simple, water-saving and drought-resistant

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of planting technology, and more particularly to a simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant planting method for maize. The invention provides a simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant planting method for maize, comprising the following steps: seed acclimation to drought resistance using a penetrant followed by seed coating to obtain drought-resistant seeds; land preparation and ridging, with an irrigation ditch on each side of the ridge, and covering the ridge surface with composite mulch material; sowing the drought-resistant seeds on the ridge for cultivation; and alternating irrigation through the irrigation ditches on both sides of the ridge during cultivation. This method achieves multiple objectives—water saving, drought resistance, fertilization, and increased yield—through the synergistic effect of seed drought-resistant pretreatment, ridge mulching, and alternating irrigation. Moreover, this method involves no complex operations, significantly reducing labor and machinery costs, and is suitable for large-scale application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of planting technology, and in particular to a simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant planting method for corn. Background Technology

[0002] Corn is an important food crop, with an annual planting area exceeding 600 million mu (approximately 40 million hectares), of which over 60% is located in dryland farming areas in the north. Drought and water scarcity are the core bottlenecks limiting the yield and quality improvement of corn in these regions. Alternating root-separation furrow irrigation, a highly efficient water-saving irrigation technology, alternately moistens the root zones on both sides of the corn plant. It utilizes drought signals from the dry lateral root zones to induce optimized stomatal opening, reducing ineffective transpiration, while simultaneously guiding deep root growth and improving water use efficiency. This technology is widely used in dryland corn-growing areas. Corn is an annual monoecious, cross-pollinated plant with tall, strong stems. It is an important food and forage crop, and the world's highest-yielding crop, second only to rice and wheat in terms of planting area and total yield. Current corn cultivation methods require significant human and material resources.

[0003] Moreover, corn is planted at high density, requiring a large amount of irrigation water. Traditional corn irrigation methods have many problems. Conventional irrigation methods, such as haphazard or flood irrigation, lead to serious water waste, especially in water-scarce regions like Northwest China, where this method can no longer sustainably support the needs of corn cultivation. Some areas in Northwest China have tried to switch to drip irrigation; however, existing drip irrigation technology has not achieved the expected water-saving effects.

[0004] Therefore, developing a maize planting method that is collaborative across the entire chain, simple and efficient, with significant water-saving and drought-resistant effects, while also improving the colonization rate of functional microorganisms and alternating irrigation, is of great significance for green and efficient production in dryland maize areas of northern my country. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant corn planting method that achieves multiple goals such as water conservation, drought resistance, fertilization, and increased yield. Moreover, this method involves no complicated operations, significantly reducing labor and machinery costs, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant method for planting corn, comprising the following steps: (1) After the seeds are acclimatized to drought resistance using a penetrant, they are coated to obtain drought-resistant seeds; (2) Prepare the land and make ridges. Set up an irrigation ditch on each side of the ridge and cover the ridge surface with composite covering material; (3) Sow drought-resistant seeds on the ridges for cultivation; (4) During the cultivation process, irrigation is carried out alternately through the irrigation ditches on both sides of the ridge.

[0007] Preferably, in step (1), the acclimatization step is: soaking the seeds in a penetrant for 12-18 hours, rinsing them with water, and then air-drying them.

[0008] Preferably, the penetrant uses water as a solvent and comprises the following components at final concentrations: 100~150g / L PEG-6000, 0.2~0.5g / L salicylic acid, and 1~2g / L potassium humate.

[0009] Preferably, the soaking is performed in the dark; the soaking temperature is 20-30℃; and the moisture content of the seeds after air-drying is 12-13%.

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), the coating agent used in the coating treatment is water-based and comprises the following components in percentage: 8-10% modified starch, 1.5-2% chitosan, 0.3-0.5% polyacrylamide, and 1-1.5% polyaspartic acid. During the coating process, the mass ratio of seeds to coating agent is 1:42~48.

[0011] Preferably, in step (2), the width of the ridge is 55~65cm and the height is 15~20cm; The irrigation ditch is 30-40cm wide and 10-15cm deep.

[0012] Preferably, in step (2), the composite covering material includes corn stalks, mycorrhizal-promoting humic acid-modified biochar, and polyacrylamide. The amount of corn stalks used for mulching is 200-300 kg / mu, the amount of mycorrhizal humic acid-modified biochar used for mulching is 20-33 kg / mu, and the amount of polyacrylamide used for mulching is 1-2 kg / mu.

[0013] Preferably, in step (3), the sowing depth is 3-5 cm and the sowing density is 4000-5000 plants / mu.

[0014] Preferably, in step (4), the alternating irrigation step is as follows: 1) Seedling stage to late jointing stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥60% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤45%, with a single irrigation volume of 24-40m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 7-10 days after irrigation; 2) From the beginning of the large trumpet stage to the end of silking stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥70% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤55%, with a single irrigation volume of 80-120m³.3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 5-7 days after irrigation; 3) Grain filling stage to maturity stage: Irrigation should be carried out when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥65% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤50%, with a single irrigation volume of 32-60m³. 3 / mu, switch to lateral ditch irrigation 9-11 days after irrigation, and stop irrigation 10 days before harvest.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This invention provides a simplified, water-saving, and drought-resistant planting method for maize. Firstly, the seeds undergo drought-resistant pretreatment, improving the maize's adaptability to alternating wet and dry environments from the source, solving the problems of seedling stress and low germination rates associated with alternating irrigation. Secondly, the ridge covering with composite mulch material significantly reduces ineffective soil evaporation in the drought-prone lateral root zone, stabilizing the hydrothermal environment of the root zone, while preventing the covering within the irrigation furrow from affecting water infiltration, thus synergizing with alternating irrigation technology. The alternating wet and dry environment of alternating irrigation promotes the decomposition of straw and biochar, providing a favorable colonization environment for the functional microorganisms of the seed coating, further enhancing the root system's water and nutrient absorption capacity, ultimately achieving multiple goals of water conservation, drought resistance, fertilization, and increased yield. This invention adopts a composite mulching method that returns all straw to the field, completely replacing traditional plastic film mulching and eliminating white pollution at the source. The synergistic return of straw and modified biochar to the field can significantly increase the soil organic matter content and improve the soil's physical and chemical properties. The cross-linked water-retaining agent can enhance the soil's water-holding capacity, and the functional microorganisms can activate soil nutrients, thus achieving a combination of land use and land conservation and promoting the sustainable development of corn planting. Moreover, the composite mulch is applied in one go throughout the entire growth period, eliminating the need for repeated work; the alternating irrigation system uses soil moisture content as a threshold, has a clear cycle, is simple to operate, and is easy for farmers to master; the overall process is free of complicated operations, significantly reducing labor and machinery costs, making it suitable for large-scale promotion and application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] This invention provides a simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant method for planting corn, comprising the following steps: (1) After the seeds are acclimatized to drought resistance using a penetrant, they are coated to obtain drought-resistant seeds; (2) Prepare the land and make ridges. Set up an irrigation ditch on each side of the ridge and cover the ridge surface with composite covering material; (3) Sow drought-resistant seeds on the ridges for cultivation; (4) During the cultivation process, irrigation is carried out alternately through the irrigation ditches on both sides of the ridge.

[0017] In this invention, the domestication step in step (1) is as follows: soaking the seeds in a penetrant for 12-18 hours, rinsing them with water, and then air-drying them. The penetrant, using water as a solvent, comprises the following components at the following final concentrations: PEG-6000 100~150g / L, preferably 115~135g / L, more preferably 125g / L; The salicylic acid concentration is 0.2~0.5 g / L, preferably 0.3~0.4 g / L, and more preferably 0.35 g / L; Potassium humate 1~2g / L, preferably 1.5g / L; The soaking is performed in the dark; the soaking temperature is 20-30℃, preferably 23-27℃, and more preferably 25℃; the moisture content of the seeds after air-drying is 12-13%, preferably 12.5%. The soaking time is preferably 14-16 hours, and more preferably 15 hours.

[0018] In this invention, in step (1), the coating agent used in the coating treatment uses water as a solvent and comprises the following components in percentage: Modified starch 8-10%, preferably 9%; chitosan 1.5-2%, preferably 1.75%; polyacrylamide 0.3-0.5%, preferably 0.4%; polyaspartic acid 1-1.5%, preferably 1.25%; During the coating process, the mass ratio of seeds to coating agent is 1:42~48, preferably 1:44~46, and more preferably 1:45.

[0019] In this invention, in step (2), the width of the ridge is 55~65cm, preferably 58~62cm, more preferably 60cm, and the height is 15~20cm, preferably 17~18cm, more preferably 17.5cm; The irrigation ditch has a width of 30-40cm, preferably 33-37cm, more preferably 35cm, and a depth of 10-15cm, preferably 12-13cm, more preferably 12.5cm.

[0020] In this invention, in step (2), the composite covering material includes corn stalks, mycorrhizal humic acid modified biochar and polyacrylamide. The corn stalk covering amount is 200-300 kg / mu, preferably 230-270 kg / mu, and more preferably 250 kg / mu; the mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar covering amount is 20-33 kg / mu, preferably 24-29 kg / mu, and more preferably 26.5 kg / mu; the polyacrylamide covering amount is 1-2 kg / mu, and more preferably 1.5 kg / mu. The corn stalks need to be crushed to a particle size of 1-3 cm before covering, preferably 2 cm; The preparation method of the mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar includes the following steps: mixing biochar and 14-16% potassium humate aqueous solution at a mass-volume ratio of 1kg:4-6L for 20-28h, stirring 2-4 times during the process, to obtain a mixture; mixing the mixture with phosphate rock powder, and drying until the moisture content is ≤15%, to obtain mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar; The concentration of the potassium humate aqueous solution is preferably 15%; the mass-to-volume ratio of the biochar and the potassium humate aqueous solution is preferably 1 kg: 5 L; the mixing time is preferably 22-26 h, more preferably 24 h; the stirring is preferably 3 times; and the amount of phosphate rock powder added is 4-6% of the mass of the mixture, preferably 5%.

[0021] In this invention, in step (3), the sowing depth is 3-5cm, preferably 4cm; the sowing density is 4000-5000 plants / mu, preferably 4300-4700 plants / mu, and even more preferably 4500 plants / mu.

[0022] In this invention, step (4) involves alternating irrigation as follows: 1) Seedling stage to late jointing stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥60% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤45%, with a single irrigation volume of 24-40m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 7-10 days after irrigation; The preferred irrigation volume is 28-36 m³. 3 / mu, further optimized to 32m 3 / mu; the preferred switching time is 8 days; 2) From the beginning of the large trumpet stage to the end of silking stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥70% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤55%, with a single irrigation volume of 80-120m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 5-7 days after irrigation; The preferred irrigation volume is 90-110 m³. 3 / mu, further optimized to 100m 3 / mu; the preferred switching time is 6 days; 3) Grain filling stage to maturity stage: Irrigation should be carried out when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥65% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤50%, with a single irrigation volume of 32-60m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite side ditch 9-11 days after irrigation, and stop irrigation 10 days before harvest; The preferred irrigation volume is 38-54 m³. 3 / mu, further optimized to 46m 3 / mu, and the preferred switching time is 10 days.

[0023] In this invention, the cultivation process also includes fertilizer management; The fertilizer management includes: applying 15-18 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate, 8-10 kg / mu of potassium chloride, 3-5 kg / mu of urea, 1-2 kg / mu of zinc sulfate, and 0.5-1.5 kg / mu of borax before land preparation; The preferred application rate of diammonium phosphate is 16-17 kg / mu, more preferably 16.5 kg / mu; the preferred application rate of potassium chloride is 9 kg / mu; the preferred application rate of urea is 5 kg / mu; the preferred application rate of zinc sulfate is 1.5 kg / mu; and the preferred application rate of borax is 1 kg / mu. Apply 10-12 kg / mu of urea during the jointing stage, preferably 11 kg / mu; Apply 8-9 kg / mu of urea during the large trumpet stage, preferably 8.5 kg / mu; The fertilizers used during the jointing and tasseling stages are applied along with irrigation.

[0024] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1: A simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant corn planting method

[0026] (1) Soak seeds in the dark for 15 hours at 25°C using a penetrant (water as solvent, including the following components at final concentrations: 120 g / L PEG-6000, 0.5 g / L salicylic acid, 1 g / L potassium humate), rinse with sterile water, and then air-dry until the moisture content is 12% to complete drought resistance acclimatization; then mechanically coat the seeds with a coating agent (water as solvent, including the following components at percentages: 9% modified starch, 1.5% chitosan, 0.4% polyacrylamide, 1.5% polyaspartic acid) at a mass ratio of 1:45 to obtain drought-resistant seeds; (2) Prepare the land and make ridges with a ridge width of 60cm and a ridge height of 16cm. Set up an irrigation ditch on each side of the ridge with a ditch width of 35cm and a ditch depth of 12cm. Crush the previous crop corn stalks to a particle size of 2cm. Then mix 250kg / mu of crushed corn stalks with 24kg / mu of mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar and 2kg / mu of polyacrylamide and cover the ridge surface with a covering thickness of 2~3cm. Do not cover the irrigation ditch to avoid irrigation water infiltration. The preparation method of mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar is as follows: biochar and 15% potassium humate aqueous solution are mixed at a mass-volume ratio of 1kg:5L for 24h, and stirred 3 times during the period to obtain a mixture; 5% of its mass of phosphate rock powder is added to the mixture, and it is stirred and mixed evenly. It is then naturally dried until the moisture content is ≤15% to obtain mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar. (3) Sow drought-resistant seeds in the center of the ridge, one row per ridge, at a depth of 4 cm and a density of 4500 plants per mu; (4) Irrigation is carried out alternately through irrigation ditches on both sides of the ridge: 1) Seedling stage to late jointing stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥60% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤45%, with a single irrigation volume of 32m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 8 days after irrigation; 2) From the beginning of the large trumpet stage to the end of silking stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥70% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤55%, with a single irrigation volume of 100m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 6 days after irrigation; 3) Grain filling stage to maturity stage: Irrigation should be carried out when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥65% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤50%, with a single irrigation volume of 40m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 10 days after irrigation, and stop irrigation 10 days before harvest; Fertilizer management: Before land preparation, apply 16 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate, 9 kg / mu of potassium chloride, 3 kg / mu of urea, 1 kg / mu of zinc sulfate, and 1 kg / mu of borax. Apply 12 kg / mu of urea with irrigation during the jointing stage; apply 8 kg / mu of urea with irrigation during the large trumpet stage.

[0027] Example 2: A simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant corn planting method

[0028] (1) Soak seeds in the dark at 20°C for 18 hours using a penetrant (water as solvent, including the following components at final concentrations: 100 g / L PEG-6000, 0.2 g / L salicylic acid, 1.5 g / L potassium humate), rinse with sterile water, and then air-dry until the moisture content is 13% to complete drought resistance acclimatization; then mechanically coat the seeds with a coating agent (water as solvent, including the following components at percentages: 8% modified starch, 2% chitosan, 0.3% polyacrylamide, 1% polyaspartic acid) at a mass ratio of 1:18 to obtain drought-resistant seeds; (2) Prepare the land and make ridges with a ridge width of 55cm and a ridge height of 18cm. Set up an irrigation ditch on each side of the ridge with a ditch width of 30cm and a ditch depth of 15cm. Crush the previous crop corn stalks to a particle size of 3cm. Then mix 200kg / mu of crushed corn stalks with 32kg / mu of mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar and 1kg / mu of polyacrylamide and cover the ridge surface with a covering thickness of 2~3cm. Do not cover the irrigation ditch to avoid irrigation water infiltration. The preparation method of mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar is as follows: biochar and 14% potassium humate aqueous solution are mixed at a mass-volume ratio of 1kg:6L for 26h, and stirred twice during the period to obtain a mixture; 6% of its mass of phosphate rock powder is added to the mixture, and it is stirred and mixed evenly. It is then naturally dried until the moisture content is ≤15% to obtain mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar. (3) Sow drought-resistant seeds in the center of the ridge, one row per ridge, at a depth of 3 cm, with a sowing density of 4000 plants / mu; (4) Irrigation is carried out alternately through irrigation ditches on both sides of the ridge: 1) Seedling stage to late jointing stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥60% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤45%, with a single irrigation volume of 28m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 7 days after irrigation; 2) From the beginning of the large trumpet stage to the end of silking stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥70% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤55%, with a single irrigation volume of 80m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 7 days after irrigation; 3) Grain filling stage to maturity stage: Irrigation should be carried out when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥65% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤50%, with a single irrigation volume of 35m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 11 days after irrigation, and stop irrigation 10 days before harvest; Fertilizer management: Before land preparation, apply 15 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg / mu of potassium chloride, 4 kg / mu of urea, 1.5 kg / mu of zinc sulfate, and 0.5 kg / mu of borax. Apply 10 kg / mu of urea with irrigation during the jointing stage; apply 8.5 kg / mu of urea with irrigation during the large trumpet stage.

[0029] Example 3: A simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant corn planting method

[0030] (1) Soak seeds in the dark at 30°C for 12 hours using a penetrant (water as solvent, including the following components at final concentrations: 150 g / L PEG-6000, 0.35 g / L salicylic acid, 2 g / L potassium humate), rinse with sterile water, and then air-dry until the moisture content is 12.5% ​​to complete drought resistance acclimatization; then mechanically coat the seeds with a coating agent (water as solvent, including the following components at percentages: 10% modified starch, 1.75% chitosan, 0.5% polyacrylamide, 1.25% polyaspartic acid) at a mass ratio of 1:42 to obtain drought-resistant seeds; (2) Prepare the land and make ridges with a ridge width of 65cm and a ridge height of 17cm. Set up an irrigation ditch on each side of the ridge with a ditch width of 40cm and a ditch depth of 10cm. Crush the previous crop corn stalks to a particle size of 1cm. Then mix 300kg / mu of crushed corn stalks with 20kg / mu of mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar and 1.5kg / mu of polyacrylamide and cover the ridge surface with a covering thickness of 3cm. Do not cover the irrigation ditch to avoid irrigation water infiltration. The preparation method of mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar is as follows: biochar and 16% potassium humate aqueous solution are mixed at a mass-volume ratio of 1kg:4L for 20h, and stirred 4 times during the period to obtain a mixture; 4% of its mass of phosphate rock powder is added to the mixture, and it is stirred and mixed evenly. It is then naturally dried until the moisture content is ≤15% to obtain mycorrhizal growth-promoting humic acid modified biochar. (3) Sow drought-resistant seeds in the center of the ridge, one row per ridge, at a depth of 5 cm and a density of 5000 plants per mu; (4) Irrigation is carried out alternately through irrigation ditches on both sides of the ridge: 1) Seedling stage to late jointing stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥60% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤45%, with a single irrigation volume of 36m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 10 days after irrigation; 2) From the beginning of the large trumpet stage to the end of silking stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥70% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤55%, with a single irrigation volume of 120m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 5 days after irrigation; 3) Grain filling stage to maturity stage: Irrigation should be carried out when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥65% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤50%, with a single irrigation volume of 60m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite side ditch 9 days after irrigation, and stop irrigation 10 days before harvest; Fertilizer management: Before land preparation, apply 18 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate, 8 kg / mu of potassium chloride, 5 kg / mu of urea, 2 kg / mu of zinc sulfate, and 1.5 kg / mu of borax. Apply 11 kg / mu of urea during the jointing stage and 9 kg / mu of urea during the large trumpet stage.

[0031] Comparative Example 1

[0032] Referring to Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that step (1) does not include seed drought resistance domestication, and step (2) does not include covering with composite covering material. Other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0033] Comparative Example 2

[0034] Referring to Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that step (1) does not include seed drought resistance domestication, and step (2) uses 250 kg / mu of crushed corn straw to cover the ridge surface, without modified biochar or polyacrylamide. Other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0035] Comparative Example 3

[0036] Referring to Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that step (1) does not include seed drought resistance domestication, while the other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 4

[0038] Referring to Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that step (2) does not include covering composite covering material, while other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 5

[0040] Referring to Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is as follows: the preparation method of the composite covering material in step (2) is as follows: crush the previous crop corn stalks to a particle size of 2cm, then mix 250kg / mu of crushed corn stalks, 24kg / mu of biochar, and 2kg / mu of polyacrylamide evenly, and the other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0041] Comparative Example 6

[0042] Referring to Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that in step (4), the irrigation method is double-sided furrow flood irrigation (total irrigation volume for the entire growth period is 320m). 3 / mu, consistent with the number of irrigations during the growing season in Example 1, with a single irrigation volume twice that of Example 1); other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Experimental Example 1

[0044] The experiment was conducted at the teaching and research experimental base of Shenyang Agricultural University. The maize variety used was Xianyu 335, a major variety planted in the spring maize area of ​​Northeast China, which has wide adaptability and strong yield stability. A randomized block design was used, with three biological replicates for each treatment (Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6), and a plot size of 30m². 2 (7.5m×4m), with an 80cm isolation zone between the small plots, and 3 protective rows around the experimental field to eliminate the marginal effect; the field management measures such as green prevention and control of diseases and pests and weed control were completely consistent for all treatments, with only differences in planting techniques; Growth indicators: 18 days after sowing, the emergence rate of each plot was counted; at the jointing stage, 10 corn plants with uniform growth were randomly selected from each plot to measure plant height, stem diameter, root dry weight, and above-ground dry weight, and the seedling strength index was calculated. Emergence rate (%) = Number of seedlings / Number of seeds sown × 100%; Seedling Strength Index = (Stem Diameter / Plant Height + Root Dry Weight / Aboveground Dry Weight) × Total Plant Dry Weight; Root activity (μg·g) was determined using the TTC reduction method. -1 ·h -1 This reflects the plant's basic drought resistance ability; At the large trumpet stage (critical period of spring drought / summer drought), 5 plants were taken from each plot. The relative water content of the leaves (%) was determined by the saturated weight method, and the proline content (μg / g) was determined by the ninhydrin colorimetric method to reflect the plant's resistance to drought stress. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Results of growth index measurement

[0045] The results showed that the emergence rates of Examples 1-3 were all above 95%, significantly higher than those of Comparative Examples 1-3 (without seed drought resistance acclimatization). Among them, Comparative Example 1 (no acclimatization + no cover) had the lowest emergence rate (83.8%), proving that seed drought resistance acclimatization treatment can significantly improve the emergence rate of maize under the spring drought environment in Shenyang, solving the problems of uneven emergence and many weak seedlings caused by drought during the seedling stage. The seedling vigor index and root activity of Example 1 were significantly higher than those of all comparative examples, increasing by 14.6% and 15.5% respectively compared with Comparative Example 6 (conventional irrigation), and by 83.1% and 103.7% respectively compared with Comparative Example 1. The relative water content of leaves was the highest and the proline content was the lowest. The results show that the plants in Example 1 have the strongest growth and the strongest drought resistance. Comparative Example 3 (no seed domestication, with compound mulch + alternating irrigation) showed improvements in all indicators compared to Comparative Example 1 (no domestication + no mulch), proving that compound mulch can help improve seedling resistance. Comparative Example 5 (compound mulch with native biochar) showed a slight decrease in all indicators compared to Example 1, proving that mycorrhizal humic acid modified biochar has a better fertilization and root-promoting effect than native biochar. Comparative Example 4 (no compound mulch, with seed domestication + alternating irrigation) showed a decrease in indicators compared to Example 1, proving that the synergistic effect of compound mulch, seed domestication, and alternating irrigation can further enhance the drought resistance of seedlings.

[0046] Water conservation index measurement: Water meters accurately record the actual total irrigation volume (m³) for each treatment throughout its entire growth period. 3 / mu), calculate the water saving rate; combine the measured precipitation during the growing season to calculate the crop water use efficiency, which reflects the water saving and efficient water use effect. The results are shown in Table 2. Water saving rate (%) = (Irrigation volume of Comparative Example 6 - Irrigation volume treated) / Irrigation volume of Comparative Example 6 × 100%; Crop water use efficiency (kg / m²) 3 = Grain yield / Total water consumption during the entire growth period; Table 2. Measurement results of water-saving indicators

[0047] The results showed that the total irrigation amount during the entire growth period was significantly less for the alternating irrigation treatments (Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-5) compared to Comparative Example 6 (conventional double-sided furrow irrigation, 320m²). 3 The water-saving rate reaches 38.1%~52.2% per mu (unit of land area), proving that alternating irrigation is the core water-saving technology of this invention, which can achieve significant water savings and is suitable for the water-scarce production situation in the Shenyang spring maize area; the water use efficiency of Examples 1~3 reaches 2.83~2.98 kg / m³. 3 Compared to Comparative Example 6, the water use efficiency was increased by 114.4%~125.8%, and compared to Comparative Examples 1~5 with the same irrigation volume, the water use efficiency was increased by 44.4%~99.3%; among them, Comparative Example 1 (no acclimatization + no cover) had the lowest water use efficiency (1.49 kg / m²). 3 The water use efficiency of Comparative Example 5 (native biochar mulch) was only 50% of that of Comparative Example 1, proving that single alternating irrigation can only reduce irrigation volume and cannot improve water use efficiency. Only by combining the three major technologies of seed drought resistance domestication, compound mulch and alternating irrigation can the dual goals of "water saving + high-efficiency water use" be achieved. The water use efficiency of Comparative Example 5 (native biochar mulch) was significantly improved compared with Comparative Examples 1-4, but slightly decreased compared with Example 1, proving that biochar mulch can improve soil water retention capacity. Modified biochar with humic acid modification and phosphate rock loading can further enhance water and fertilizer synergy and improve water use efficiency.

[0048] Determination of production indicators: After the corn reached physiological maturity, 10 standard ears were randomly selected from each plot, and the ear length (cm) and tip length (cm) were measured indoors. The thousand-kernel weight was determined by the hundred-kernel method and converted to the thousand-kernel weight (g) at 14% standard moisture content. The actual yield of each plot was calculated and converted to the standard yield per mu (kg). The results are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Results of yield measurement

[0049] The results showed that the yields of Examples 1-3 reached 854.2-889.5 kg / mu, an increase of 12.2%-16.8% compared to Comparative Example 6 (conventional irrigation), with Example 1 showing the most significant yield increase (16.8%). Comparative Examples 1-2 (no seed domestication, single / no mulch) showed a yield decrease of 4.1%-10.9% compared to Comparative Example 6, demonstrating that single alternating irrigation without supporting drought resistance and moisture retention measures leads to a decrease in maize yield. The synergistic effect of the three technologies in this invention can achieve "water saving without yield reduction, but rather yield increase," solving the core pain point of existing water-saving technologies. Examples 1-3... The ear length increased significantly, the tip length shortened significantly, and the thousand-grain weight increased significantly. The tip length was shortened by more than 60% compared to Comparative Example 6, and the thousand-grain weight increased by 12.9% to 12.9%. This indicates that the technical solution of the present invention can improve the development of the corn ear, reduce tip barrenness and missing kernels, and improve kernel plumpness, thereby achieving increased yield. The yield increase of Comparative Example 3 (without seed domestication), Comparative Example 4 (without composite mulch), and Comparative Example 5 (native biochar) was much lower than that of Example 1. It can be seen that the three technologies of seed drought resistance domestication, mycorrhizal growth-promoting modified biochar composite mulch, and alternating irrigation have a synergistic effect.

[0050] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant corn planting method, which achieves multiple goals of water conservation, drought resistance, fertilization, and yield increase. Moreover, the method has no complicated operations, greatly reduces labor and machinery costs, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simple, water-saving, and drought-resistant method for planting corn, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) After the seeds are acclimatized to drought resistance using a penetrant, they are coated to obtain drought-resistant seeds; (2) Prepare the land and make ridges. Set up an irrigation ditch on each side of the ridge and cover the ridge surface with composite covering material; (3) Sow drought-resistant seeds on the ridges for cultivation; (4) During the cultivation process, irrigation is carried out alternately through the irrigation ditches on both sides of the ridge.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the acclimatization process is as follows: soak the seeds in a penetrant for 12-18 hours, rinse them with water, and then air dry them.

3. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The penetrant, using water as a solvent, comprises the following components at final concentrations: 100-150 g / L PEG-6000, 0.2-0.5 g / L salicylic acid, and 1-2 g / L potassium humate.

4. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The soaking is carried out in the dark; the soaking temperature is 20-30℃; and the moisture content of the seeds after air drying is 12-13%.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the coating agent used in the coating treatment is water-based and includes the following components in percentage: 8-10% modified starch, 1.5-2% chitosan, 0.3-0.5% polyacrylamide, and 1-1.5% polyaspartic acid; During the coating process, the mass ratio of seeds to coating agent is 1:42~48.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the width of the ridge is 55~65cm and the height is 15~20cm; The irrigation ditch is 30-40cm wide and 10-15cm deep.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the composite covering material includes corn stalks, mycorrhizal-promoting humic acid-modified biochar, and polyacrylamide; The amount of corn stalks used for mulching is 200-300 kg / mu, the amount of mycorrhizal humic acid-modified biochar used for mulching is 20-33 kg / mu, and the amount of polyacrylamide used for mulching is 1-2 kg / mu.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the sowing depth is 3-5cm; the sowing density is 4000-5000 plants / mu.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the alternating irrigation step is as follows: 1) Seedling stage to late jointing stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥60% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤45%, with a single irrigation volume of 24-40m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 7-10 days after irrigation; 2) From the beginning of the large trumpet stage to the end of silking stage: Irrigate when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥70% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤55%, with a single irrigation volume of 80-120m³. 3 / mu, switch to irrigation of the opposite ditch 5-7 days after irrigation; 3) Grain filling stage to maturity stage: Irrigation should be carried out when the moisture content on the moist side of the 0-40cm root layer is ≥65% and the moisture content on the dry side is ≤50%, with a single irrigation volume of 32-60m³. 3 / mu, switch to lateral ditch irrigation 9-11 days after irrigation, and stop irrigation 10 days before harvest.

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