Coolant temperature control method and device for immersion liquid cooling system

Abstract

This application provides a method and apparatus for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system. The method includes: collecting the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of IT equipment in the immersion liquid cooling system to obtain the power consumption of the IT equipment; constructing a temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature based on the surface temperature, coolant temperature, ambient temperature, and power consumption; determining the minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system; determining a safe upper limit value for the surface temperature based on the power consumption; determining a temperature adjustment range for the coolant based on the safe upper limit value, the minimum operating temperature, and the temperature difference response relationship; using the maximum temperature value within the temperature adjustment range as the target temperature setpoint; and adjusting the coolant to the corresponding temperature based on the target temperature setpoint. The coolant temperature control method and apparatus for an immersion liquid cooling system provided in this application are simple and convenient, and can ensure safe equipment operation while also considering energy efficiency and cost savings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of heat dissipation technology for electronic devices, and in particular to a method and apparatus for controlling the temperature of coolant in an immersion liquid cooling system. Background Technology

[0002] As the power density of data center IT equipment (information technology equipment) continues to increase, traditional air cooling and some liquid cooling technologies are no longer sufficient to meet the demand for efficient heat dissipation. Single-phase immersion liquid cooling technology, due to its excellent thermal conductivity and equipment compatibility, is gradually becoming the mainstream solution for high-density heat dissipation.

[0003] In existing technologies, coolant temperature control typically employs a fixed setpoint or a simple segmented control strategy based on ambient temperature. This involves adjusting the operating parameters of cooling devices (such as CDU coolant distribution units or cooling towers) to maintain the coolant temperature near a preset target value. However, these control methods do not adequately consider the dynamic changes in the actual heat load of IT equipment and the thermal safety boundaries of the equipment itself, relying solely on conservative low-temperature settings to ensure heat dissipation reliability. This results in the cooling system operating at unnecessarily low temperature levels for extended periods, significantly increasing cooling energy consumption and failing to achieve optimal energy efficiency. Therefore, a coolant temperature control method that balances cooling performance and energy consumption is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a method and apparatus for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system, comprising: acquiring the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of an IT device in the immersion liquid cooling system, and obtaining the power consumption of the IT device; constructing a temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption; determining a minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system; determining a safe upper limit value for the surface temperature based on the power consumption; determining a temperature adjustment range for the coolant based on the safe upper limit value, the minimum operating temperature, and the temperature difference response relationship; using the maximum temperature value in the temperature adjustment range as a target temperature setpoint, and adjusting the coolant to the corresponding temperature based on the target temperature setpoint.

[0006] Furthermore, the step of acquiring the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of the IT equipment in the immersion liquid cooling system to obtain the power consumption of the IT equipment includes: acquiring the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of the IT equipment to obtain the power consumption of the IT equipment; performing noise reduction and outlier removal processing on the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature to obtain processed data; performing time alignment processing on the processed data to obtain a synchronization sequence; and determining the quasi-steady-state operating range based on the synchronization sequence.

[0007] Further, the step of constructing the temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption includes: constructing a steady-state heat transfer equation based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption; determining an initial convective heat transfer coefficient based on the steady-state heat transfer equation and the quasi-steady-state operating range; correcting the initial convective heat transfer coefficient using the Reynolds number and Prandtl number to obtain a correction coefficient; constructing a dynamic equation based on the correction coefficient and the equivalent heat capacity of the IT equipment; and performing a frequency domain transformation on the dynamic equation to obtain the temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature.

[0008] Further, determining the minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system includes: measuring the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system at different ambient temperatures, calculating the difference between the outlet temperature and the ambient temperature; fitting a correspondence between multiple differences and the ambient temperature; and determining the minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the correspondence and the current ambient temperature.

[0009] Furthermore, determining the safe upper limit of the surface temperature based on the power consumption includes: constructing a calculation relationship between the safe upper limit and the power consumption based on the chip junction temperature and junction-to-case thermal resistance of the IT device; and determining the safe upper limit of the surface temperature based on the calculation relationship and the current power consumption.

[0010] Further, determining the temperature adjustment range of the coolant based on the safety upper limit, the minimum operating temperature, and the temperature difference response relationship includes: substituting the safety upper limit into the temperature difference response relationship to obtain the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant; when the maximum temperature is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature, determining the temperature adjustment range of the coolant with the maximum temperature as the upper limit and the minimum operating temperature as the lower limit.

[0011] Further, the step of using the maximum temperature value in the temperature adjustment range as the target temperature setting value includes: obtaining the maximum temperature value in the temperature adjustment range; when the maximum temperature value is less than or equal to the upper limit of the material thermal stability of the coolant, the maximum temperature value is used as the final target temperature setting value.

[0012] Further, the step of using the maximum temperature value in the temperature adjustment range as the target temperature setting value includes: setting the temperature control band range of the coolant; and when the current temperature of the coolant is outside the temperature control band range, then re-determining the target temperature setting value.

[0013] Furthermore, adjusting the coolant to the corresponding temperature according to the target temperature setting includes: comparing the target temperature setting with the current coolant temperature to obtain a deviation; and outputting an adjustment signal according to the deviation to change the drive pump speed and fan speed of the immersion liquid cooling system to adjust the coolant to the corresponding temperature.

[0014] A second aspect of this application provides a coolant temperature control device for an immersion liquid cooling system, comprising: a data acquisition module configured to acquire the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of an IT device in the immersion liquid cooling system, and obtain the power consumption of the IT device; a data construction module configured to construct a temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption; a temperature determination module configured to determine a minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system; an upper limit determination module configured to determine a safe upper limit value for the surface temperature based on the power consumption; a range determination module configured to determine a temperature adjustment range for the coolant based on the safe upper limit value, the minimum operating temperature, and the temperature difference response relationship; and a temperature control module configured to use the maximum temperature value in the temperature adjustment range as a target temperature setpoint, and adjust the coolant to the corresponding temperature based on the target temperature setpoint.

[0015] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the coolant temperature control method for the immersion liquid cooling system described in the first aspect above.

[0016] A fourth aspect of this application provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the coolant temperature control method for an immersion liquid cooling system as described in the first aspect above.

[0017] A fifth aspect of this application provides a computer program product including computer program instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the coolant temperature control method for an immersion liquid cooling system as described in the first aspect above.

[0018] As can be seen from the above description, this application provides a method and apparatus for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system. The method includes: collecting the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of IT equipment in the immersion liquid cooling system to obtain the power consumption of the IT equipment; constructing a temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature based on the surface temperature, coolant temperature, ambient temperature, and power consumption; determining the minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system; determining a safe upper limit value for the surface temperature based on the power consumption; determining a temperature adjustment range for the coolant based on the safe upper limit value, the minimum operating temperature, and the temperature difference response relationship; using the maximum temperature value in the temperature adjustment range as the target temperature setpoint, and adjusting the coolant to the corresponding temperature based on the target temperature setpoint. By collecting data on equipment surface temperature, coolant temperature, ambient temperature, and equipment power consumption, and combining this with heat transfer characteristics, the temperature difference response relationship between the equipment surface temperature and coolant temperature is calculated. Based on environmental conditions, the minimum allowable temperature of the coolant is determined. According to the equipment's safety upper limit and the temperature difference response relationship, a feasible temperature adjustment range for the coolant to meet heat dissipation requirements is derived. The maximum value within this range is selected as the target temperature setpoint. Since this setpoint is the highest allowable value under current operating conditions, it maximizes the coolant operating temperature, reduces the cooling output demand of the cooling device, and significantly reduces energy consumption while ensuring safe equipment operation, thereby improving overall energy efficiency. This immersion liquid cooling system's coolant temperature control method and device are simple and convenient, ensuring safe equipment operation while also considering energy efficiency and cost savings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coolant temperature control device for an immersion liquid cooling system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0025] The following describes specific embodiments in conjunction with... Figures 1 to 3 The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below.

[0026] Some embodiments of this application provide a method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Collect the surface temperature, coolant temperature and ambient temperature of the IT equipment in the immersion liquid cooling system, and obtain the power consumption of the IT equipment.

[0028] Temperature sensors can be placed on the heat source surfaces of IT equipment to collect surface temperature; immersion probes can be installed in the main coolant channel to collect coolant temperature; sensors can be placed outside the computer room or at the air inlet of the cooling tower to collect ambient temperature; and power consumption of IT equipment can be obtained through power monitoring units. This lays a data foundation for accurately establishing temperature difference response relationships and rationally determining the target coolant temperature setpoint, thereby improving the reliability and energy-saving effect of the overall temperature control strategy.

[0029] S2. Based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption, construct the temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature.

[0030] Based on the above data, combined with the heat transfer area and convective heat transfer capacity, the temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature is calculated. This includes establishing an initial steady-state heat transfer relationship using the obtained power consumption and effective heat transfer area; performing nonlinear correction on the convective heat transfer capacity in the initial steady-state heat transfer relationship based on the coolant flow rate and physical properties; introducing the heat capacity effect of the equipment body on the basis of the corrected steady-state heat transfer relationship to form a relationship describing the dynamic response process of the surface temperature when the load changes; and fitting the equivalent heat capacity value of the equipment in the dynamic response process based on historical operating data to obtain the final temperature difference response relationship. By establishing an initial steady-state heat transfer relationship using power consumption and effective heat exchange area, the heat generation power and heat dissipation capacity of the equipment are directly correlated, providing a physical basis for temperature difference prediction. Nonlinear correction of the convective heat transfer capacity based on coolant flow rate and physical properties accurately reflects the changes in heat transfer performance of the coolant at different temperatures and flow rates, significantly improving the applicability accuracy of the heat transfer model under varying operating conditions. Furthermore, the heat capacity effect of the equipment itself is introduced to construct a thermal model that includes a dynamic response process, accurately describing the hysteresis and upward trend of surface temperature of IT equipment during sudden load changes, avoiding misjudgments of transient processes by the steady-state model. Finally, the equivalent heat capacity of the equipment is fitted based on historical operating data, achieving personalized calibration of model parameters and enhancing the model's adaptability to different types of IT equipment and aging factors.

[0031] S3. Determine the minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system.

[0032] Based on the collected ambient temperature and the operating status (outlet temperature) of the cooling device in the immersion liquid cooling system, the minimum operating temperature that the coolant can achieve is determined. This includes measuring the outlet temperature of the cooling device under different ambient temperature conditions and calculating the difference between the outlet temperature and the corresponding ambient temperature; establishing a correspondence between the differences and the corresponding ambient temperature based on multiple differences; and using this correspondence, combined with the current ambient temperature and the operating status of the cooling device, determining the minimum operating temperature that the coolant can achieve.

[0033] This system can accurately characterize the cooling capacity limits of a cooling device under different environmental conditions, coupling ambient temperature with the device's operating state and quantifying its impact on cooling performance into a calculable correspondence. This dynamically and realistically reflects the system's lowest achievable operating temperature. This provides crucial boundary constraints for subsequent target temperature optimization, ensuring that the set temperature control target always remains within the system's actual capabilities. It avoids regulation failures caused by control commands exceeding physical limits, thus improving the feasibility and robustness of the temperature control system.

[0034] S4. Determine the safe upper limit of the surface temperature based on the power consumption.

[0035] Based on the junction temperature of IT equipment chips (the actual operating temperature of semiconductor chips in electronic devices) and the junction-to-case thermal resistance (the thermal resistance from the junction to the surface of the casing), a calculation relationship between the upper limit of surface temperature and real-time power consumption is established. Substituting the real-time power consumption into the calculation relationship, a safe upper limit value that dynamically changes with the load is obtained. The safe upper limit value decreases as power consumption increases, and is used to constrain the boundary of the feasible range in which the lowest temperature that the coolant can reach participates.

[0036] By establishing a dynamic safety upper limit value linked to real-time power consumption, precise tracking of the device's thermal safety boundary is achieved, avoiding overprotection or risk runaway caused by fixed temperature thresholds.

[0037] S5. Determine the temperature adjustment range of the coolant based on the safety upper limit, the minimum operating temperature, and the temperature difference response relationship.

[0038] Substitute the dynamic safety upper limit into the temperature difference response relationship to calculate the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant; compare the maximum temperature with the minimum operating temperature; if the maximum temperature is not less than the minimum operating temperature, then a closed interval is formed with the maximum temperature as the upper limit and the minimum operating temperature as the lower limit, and the closed interval constitutes the temperature regulation range of the coolant target temperature.

[0039] By combining the high-precision temperature difference response relationship with the system's cooling capacity boundary, the feasible range of the coolant target temperature under the current operating conditions is derived, synergistically constraining heat dissipation requirements, equipment safety, and system capacity. The resulting closed-loop adjustable range provides a clear, safe, and feasible optimization boundary for subsequent temperature settings, ensuring that the target temperature neither threatens the reliability of equipment operation nor exceeds the system's cooling capacity, thus providing a decision-making basis for achieving maximum energy savings within the safety boundary.

[0040] S6. Take the maximum temperature in the temperature adjustment range as the target temperature setting value, and adjust the coolant to the corresponding temperature according to the target temperature setting value.

[0041] By selecting the maximum value within the temperature regulation range as the target temperature setpoint, the liquid cooling system operates at the highest temperature level within the allowable range, minimizing the cooling load on the cooling device, significantly reducing energy consumption, and achieving energy-saving optimization.

[0042] The target temperature setpoint is sent to the cooling device controller to adjust the actual temperature of the coolant. This includes, for example, writing the target temperature setpoint into the control unit of the cooling device via an industrial communication protocol. The control unit compares the written target temperature setpoint with the real-time collected actual temperature of the coolant to obtain the deviation. Based on the deviation, it outputs an adjustment signal to change the speed of the variable frequency pump and the fan speed, so that the actual temperature of the coolant gradually approaches the written target temperature setpoint.

[0043] Standardized communication ensures reliable transmission of control commands, guaranteeing accurate transmission of target temperature setpoints to the execution layer. Based on deviation feedback, the variable frequency pump and fan speeds are dynamically adjusted to form a closed-loop control system, enabling the coolant temperature to precisely track the setpoint while balancing response speed and operational stability. By collaboratively adjusting the speeds of power components, over-cooling is avoided, further reducing system energy consumption and improving overall energy efficiency, while simultaneously ensuring a dynamic balance between heat dissipation performance and equipment thermal safety.

[0044] The coolant temperature control method of this immersion liquid cooling system establishes a multivariate coupling relationship between coolant temperature, IT equipment surface temperature and ambient temperature, and dynamically adjusts the target temperature set value of the coolant, thereby minimizing the overall energy consumption of the cooling system while ensuring the heat dissipation safety of IT equipment.

[0045] In some embodiments, step S1 includes: S101. Collect the surface temperature, coolant temperature and ambient temperature of the IT equipment to obtain the power consumption of the IT equipment.

[0046] S102, Perform noise reduction and outlier removal processing on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature and the ambient temperature to obtain processed data.

[0047] S103. Perform time alignment processing on the processed data to obtain a synchronization sequence.

[0048] S104. Determine the quasi-steady-state operating range based on the synchronization sequence.

[0049] Steps S101-S104 focus on obtaining key temperature parameters from the system and performing preprocessing to eliminate noise interference, fill in missing values, and unify the time base to ensure the reliability of subsequent analyses.

[0050] First, a distributed temperature sensing network is deployed to acquire raw data. Surface thermocouples are then installed on the surface of the heat source to measure the surface temperature. An immersion PT100 probe is installed in the main coolant channel to record the coolant temperature. Install ambient temperature and humidity sensors outside the computer room or at the air inlet of the cooling tower to obtain ambient temperature. All sensors are connected to the central data acquisition unit via an industrial bus, with a sampling frequency of 1 Hz to capture transient characteristics of temperature fluctuations. To avoid misjudgment of local hot spots, each type of device is configured with at least 3 measuring points, and the average value is taken as the representative value.

[0051] Then, denoising and outlier removal are performed on the original temperature sequences. The acquired raw data often contains anomalous jumps due to electromagnetic interference, poor contact, or transient disturbances. Therefore, a moving median filtering method can be used to preprocess each temperature sequence. For a length of... time series For example, define the window size as Calculate each time step median output This method effectively suppresses impulse noise while preserving the trend characteristics of temperature changes. Subsequently, the 3σ principle is used to identify and remove values ​​that significantly deviate from the normal range. If a certain point... satisfy ,in and If the mean and standard deviation of the sequence are respectively, they are marked as outliers and replaced with linear interpolation.

[0052] Next, time synchronization and alignment are performed on data from different sources. Since timestamp misalignment may occur due to communication delays or clock drift between sensors, time alignment is necessary after data processing. The system clock of the central acquisition unit is selected as the reference, and all sensor data are resampled using millisecond-level timestamps. Linear interpolation is then used to synchronize the data at the target time point. Reconstruct the values ​​of each variable: ;in After alignment, a set of time-synchronized triples is formed. This is used for subsequent dynamic relationship analysis. Temporal consistency ensures the accuracy of causal relationships between variables and avoids incorrect association judgments due to misalignment.

[0053] Finally, statistical characteristics within the sliding window are calculated to characterize the operating state and determine the quasi-steady-state operating range (i.e., the window where the temperature change rate is below a threshold). To further refine the data information, the obtained synchronization sequence is divided into sections of length [missing information]. A sliding window is used to calculate the mean, variance, and rate of change of each variable within each window. For example, the rate of change of coolant temperature is defined as... ;in For the current window. Similarly, it can be calculated. and The rate of change. These statistics reflect the dynamic characteristics of the system over a short period of time: if Smaller and If the value is close to the steady state, the system is in a quasi-steady state, and the steady-state heat balance equation is suitable for application; if If the value is large, then transient response delay needs to be considered.

[0054] In some embodiments, step S2 includes: S201. Construct a steady-state heat transfer equation based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption.

[0055] This step aims to establish the intrinsic relationship between coolant temperature, IT equipment surface temperature, and external ambient temperature based on fundamental thermodynamic laws, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent dynamic adjustment.

[0056] Define the primary heat transfer path between the coolant and the surface of the IT equipment. In a single-phase immersion liquid cooling system, the IT equipment is completely submerged in a dielectric coolant, and heat is primarily transferred from the equipment surface to the coolant via natural and forced convection. Because the coolant is non-conductive, it allows direct contact with electronic components, significantly improving heat transfer efficiency. During this process, the equipment surface temperature... With coolant local temperature There is a heat flux density driven by temperature difference. Its magnitude is determined by Newton's law of cooling: ;in, The convective heat transfer coefficient is influenced by factors such as coolant properties (e.g., viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity), flow velocity distribution, and equipment surface roughness. This formula shows that heat flux density has a linear relationship with temperature difference. Under relatively stable conditions, and This constitutes a direct response relationship. Therefore, if one can grasp... The changing trend can be adjusted. To indirectly control The upper limit of this value is used to prevent the chip from overheating. This relationship forms the basic input condition for subsequent modeling.

[0057] The power of the internal heat source of the IT equipment is introduced as a driving variable. Based on the established heat exchange path, the heat generation of the internal heat source needs to be further considered. This value is determined by the real-time power consumption of the IT equipment and can be obtained through the power monitoring unit. According to the principle of energy conservation, under steady-state conditions, the heat generated by the equipment should be equal to the heat transferred to the coolant, i.e., the steady-state heat transfer equation. ;in, The effective heat exchange area is typically determined by the geometry of the equipment casing or heat dissipation structure. Therefore: This expression reveals that the device surface temperature depends not only on the coolant temperature, but also on the current power. and heat exchange capacity Closely related. When When it increases, if Without adjustment, It will inevitably rise; conversely, if If it decreases, it can be appropriately increased without sacrificing safety. This is to reduce the cooling load on the cooling system. Therefore, It becomes an important prerequisite variable for determining the target temperature setting of the coolant.

[0058] Based on this, the influence of ambient temperature on the coolant circuit temperature is analyzed. It should be considered that the coolant temperature is not isolated but is a result of regulation by external cooling devices (such as dry coolers or chillers), and the efficiency of these devices is affected by ambient temperature. Impact. For example, in data centers using air-cooled dry coolers, the outlet temperature of the coolant... Its inlet temperature The temperature rise between them is limited by the ambient wet-bulb temperature or dry-bulb temperature. Assume the heat exchange capacity of the dry cooler is... The ambient temperature is Then the outlet temperature of the coolant can be approximately expressed as: ;in, Fan airflow for the cooling unit The determined temperature drop compensation term usually follows Increase and decrease. This means that in hot weather, even increasing the fan speed will not be enough to reduce the temperature. This reduces the coolant to an ideal level, thus limiting the lowest temperature the coolant can reach. Therefore, By influencing the ultimate capacity of the cooling device, it is indirectly set The feasible scope must be incorporated into the overall regulatory framework.

[0059] Establish a preliminary coupled expression for the three temperature variables. The coolant temperature... Equipment surface temperature With ambient temperature To unite into a unified system of expression As can be seen from the aforementioned steps, The actual adjustable range is limited by and the performance of the cooling device, namely: ;in, This indicates the lowest temperature the coolant can reach under current environmental conditions and fan operation. Meanwhile, to ensure safe equipment operation, Upper limit constraint must be met: By combining the two equations, we can obtain: Therefore, the feasible range for coolant temperature is: This range defines the range under the current load and environmental conditions. The adjustable range. If this range is empty, it indicates that the current environment or load condition has exceeded the system's heat dissipation capacity, requiring the triggering of an alarm or frequency reduction mechanism. This coupling expression provides boundary conditions for subsequently setting the target temperature, which is a prerequisite for achieving intelligent control.

[0060] S202. Determine the initial convective heat transfer coefficient based on the steady-state heat transfer equation and the quasi-steady-state operating range.

[0061] Based on the initial convective heat transfer coefficient estimated from the steady-state data segment, and using the previously identified quasi-steady-state operating range, substituting it into the step steady-state equation, we can obtain... ; Calculation under multiple different load conditions Find the possible values ​​of and calculate their arithmetic mean. This serves as an initial estimate. For example, under low load ( ), medium load ( ), high load ( Measurements were taken under three different working conditions. If the values ​​are 850 W / m²K, 920 W / m²K, and 960 W / m²K, then take... This value reflects the heat transfer capacity under average flow velocity and typical physical property conditions, and can serve as a starting point for dynamic models.

[0062] S203. The initial convective heat transfer coefficient is corrected using the Reynolds number and Prandtl number to obtain the correction coefficient.

[0063] It is not constant, but varies with the coolant flow rate and temperature. Based on empirical heat transfer relationships, It can be represented as: ;in, For Nusselt numbers, Let Reynolds number be 1. For Prandtl numbers, For characteristic length, Thermal conductivity, For density, For flow rate, Viscosity, Specific heat capacity. Constant. Calibrated by experiments. Because and Follow change, and All The function, therefore Also follow Nonlinear variation. This was established by consulting coolant property manuals. The lookup table function, combined with pump speed Real-time calculation and And then update It is worthwhile to obtain a correction factor.

[0064] S204. Construct a dynamic equation based on the correction coefficient and the equivalent heat capacity of the IT equipment.

[0065] Incorporating the heat capacity effect to describe the time delay of temperature response, observations of measured data reveal that when the load... When there is a sudden increase, The increase is not immediate but rather exponential, indicating that the device itself possesses thermal inertia. Therefore, a first-order dynamic equation is introduced based on the existing steady-state relationship: ;in, Let J be the equivalent heat capacity of the equipment, expressed in J / K. This equation shows that the rate of temperature change of the equipment is directly proportional to the net heat input. When... hour, An increase indicates an upward trend; conversely, a decrease indicates a downward trend. By fitting historical data, this can be identified. Typical values ​​(e.g.) This dynamic equation can accurately describe the transient response process under sudden load changes, making up for the shortcomings of the pure steady-state model.

[0066] S205. Perform frequency domain transformation on the dynamic equation to obtain the temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature.

[0067] Transforming the dynamic equation into a frequency domain expression facilitates the analysis of the system response characteristics. Performing a Laplace transform on the above equation, assuming zero initial conditions, yields the temperature difference response relationship. Organized This transfer function indicates that, Simultaneously affected and Both have the same dynamic characteristics (first-order inertial elements). Time constant. This determines the response speed. For example, when When it is large, The smaller size allows the equipment to respond more quickly to changes in coolant temperature.

[0068] In some embodiments, step S3 includes: S301. Measure the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system at different ambient temperatures, and calculate the difference between the outlet temperature and the ambient temperature.

[0069] S301. Fit the correspondence between the multiple differences and the ambient temperature.

[0070] The aforementioned steps have established the heat transfer relationship at the equipment level, but the entire liquid cooling system is still affected by fluctuations in external climate conditions. Further analysis of ambient temperature is also needed. How to indirectly change the adjustable range of coolant temperature by varying the performance of the cooling device, and how to establish a compensation mechanism.

[0071] The output capacity of the cooling device was measured under different ambient temperatures, as mentioned above. ,but The specific form is unknown. Therefore, in different... Under certain conditions (e.g., 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C), maintain a constant fan airflow. , measurement actual Value, drawing Follow The curve showing the change of . The experiment found that, as rise, The growth is non-linear, especially accelerating in the high-temperature region, indicating a decrease in heat dissipation efficiency. A corresponding relationship is obtained by fitting the curve. ;in These are the fitting parameters. This formula can be used to predict in any... Minimum of the lower cooling unit Output capability.

[0072] S301. Determine the minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the correspondence and the current ambient temperature.

[0073] The lowest achievable operating temperature of the coolant is ;when When fixed, Follow Monotonically increasing. For example, when hour, ;when hour, This relationship illustrates that, during hot seasons, even with the cooling system running at full load, it is impossible to [reduce / dissipate heat]. It was reduced to a lower level, thus compressing the adjustable range.

[0074] The trend of fan energy consumption changing with ambient temperature was quantified, and the input power of the fan motor was further recorded. They discovered that it followed The increase is due to the need to increase the rotation speed to maintain the heat exchange effect. (Measured...) ;in, The reference temperature is 20°C. This is a constant. This equation shows that the auxiliary energy consumption of the cooling system increases significantly under high-temperature conditions. Therefore, when setting... When using high-speed mode, try to avoid frequent use to save energy.

[0075] Based on this, an environmental adaptability correction factor can be constructed to balance heat dissipation and energy consumption, and an environmental adaptability index can be defined. This index reflects the cooling capacity achievable per unit of energy consumption. The higher the value, the better the system's operating efficiency under the current environment. When setting the target temperature, prioritize selecting... A higher operating range, meaning maximizing performance while meeting heat dissipation requirements. Set a value to reduce Demand, thereby reducing This correction factor enables adaptive adjustment under environmental disturbances.

[0076] In some embodiments, step S4 includes: S401. Based on the chip junction temperature and junction-to-case thermal resistance of the IT device, construct the calculation relationship between the safety upper limit and power consumption.

[0077] S402. Determine the safe upper limit of the surface temperature based on the calculation relationship and the current power consumption.

[0078] The task of this step is to start from the known heat output of the equipment, current environmental conditions, cooling device capacity, and material properties, and use the multivariate coupling relationships established in the previous steps to solve in reverse the process for a safety upper limit value that satisfies both heat dissipation safety and operational economy. This process is not a simple lookup of tables or empirical setting, but rather obtained through a series of hierarchical judgments and mathematical derivations.

[0079] Determine the safe upper limit of the equipment surface temperature based on the established dynamic equation. This formula shows that Changes due to heat input With heat output The difference determines this. However, regardless of how the transient fluctuates, The long-term steady-state value must be constrained by hardware limits. According to the reliability specifications published by major server CPU manufacturers, the chip junction temperature... It must not last longer than Otherwise, frequency reduction or shutdown protection will be triggered. Because it cannot be directly measured... It needs to be converted into an externally monitorable surface temperature limit by encapsulating a thermal resistance network.

[0080] Let the total thermal resistance from the chip node to the casing surface be... It is composed of multiple layers of materials, including silicon chip, solder, substrate, and casing, with a typical thermal resistance value of [value missing]. Then we have: To ensure Substituting into the above formula, we get For example, when the current power consumption of a server node... When this occurs, the maximum permissible surface temperature (safe upper limit) is: ;like Descending to ,but It can be relaxed to .

[0081] Therefore, the safety upper limit is not a fixed value, but changes in real time with the load. This dynamic boundary becomes the basic input condition for subsequent inversion of the coolant target temperature. If this changing characteristic is ignored and a fixed limit is used (such as uniformly setting it to...), the safety limit will be compromised. If the system overcools at low loads, it will waste energy; if it overcools at high loads, it may approach a dangerous zone. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the cooling frequency based on real-time conditions. Calculate the corresponding In order to achieve refined regulation.

[0082] In some embodiments, step S5 includes: S501. Substitute the safety upper limit value into the temperature difference response relationship to obtain the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant.

[0083] S502. When the highest temperature is greater than or equal to the lowest operating temperature, the temperature adjustment range of the coolant is determined to be the upper limit of the highest temperature and the lower limit of the lowest operating temperature.

[0084] Map the safety upper limit to the coolant temperature The acceptable range. This can be solved based on the temperature difference response relationship. ;Will By substituting the values, you can obtain the highest allowable temperature under the current load (i.e., the most energy-efficient setpoint). ; here The Reynolds number-Prändt number relationship from the preceding steps is calculated in real time. For a known heat exchange area of ​​the equipment (e.g.) For example, in Under the conditions: This indicates that as long as Not higher than This will ensure No more than Thus maintain .

[0085] However, this is only a theoretical "upper limit," and in practice, the physical limits of the cooling system must also be considered. As can be seen from the aforementioned minimum operating temperature, the minimum temperature that the cooling device can provide... Affected by ambient temperature Constraints For example, when When the fan is running at full speed, the measured value is... Therefore, the actual temperature regulation range of the coolant is a closed range with the highest temperature as the upper limit and the lowest operating temperature as the lower limit, i.e. Only when Only when the system is in a controllable state can it be controlled; if Too high If the temperature is too high, it indicates insufficient heat dissipation, requiring emergency measures (such as reducing IT load or adding a backup cooling source). Establishing this range means that setting the target temperature is no longer a matter of blind adjustment, but rather has clear boundary criteria.

[0086] The established temperature regulation range provides a clear, safe, and feasible optimization boundary for subsequent temperature settings, ensuring that the target temperature neither threatens the reliability of equipment operation nor exceeds the system's cooling capacity, thus providing a decision-making basis for achieving maximum energy saving within the safety boundary.

[0087] In some embodiments, using the maximum temperature value within the temperature adjustment range as the target temperature setpoint includes: S601. Obtain the maximum temperature value in the temperature adjustment range.

[0088] S602. When the maximum temperature is less than or equal to the upper limit of the material thermal stability of the coolant, the maximum temperature is taken as the final target temperature setting value.

[0089] Within the temperature regulation range, select the setpoint with the lowest energy consumption. This is because the energy consumption of the liquid cooling system mainly comes from the circulation pump and the cooling fan, and the power consumption of both increases with temperature. The setpoint increases as the temperature decreases (because stronger cooling capacity is needed to maintain the low temperature). Therefore, from an energy-saving perspective, the maximum value within the temperature adjustment range, i.e., the target temperature setpoint, should be selected whenever possible. This strategy, known as the "high-temperature operation strategy," is based on the idea that, as long as equipment safety is not compromised, the coolant should be kept at its maximum permissible temperature, thereby reducing the output demand on the refrigeration equipment and lowering overall energy consumption. For example, in the case above, if... Set as Instead In this case, the dry cooler does not need to be turned on in high-speed mode, and the fan speed can be reduced. The corresponding power consumption is reduced by approximately (Because fan power is directly proportional to the cube of its speed).

[0090] However, coolants themselves have an upper limit to their thermal stability (such as some fluorinated fluids). (The above is easily decomposed), therefore, an upper limit value for the thermal stability of the material needs to be set. ,like Excessive heat may lead to localized boiling or accelerated material aging; therefore, the final target temperature should be the smaller of the two. In the example above, if The actual target temperature set value is While still meeting safety requirements, it also achieves significant energy savings. This decision-making process reflects a balance between safety and energy conservation. An upper limit for the thermal stability of the coolant material is introduced as a rigid protective boundary to prevent excessively high set temperatures due to model errors or abnormal operating conditions, thus ensuring the long-term chemical and physical stability of the system.

[0091] In some embodiments, the step of using the maximum temperature value in the temperature adjustment range as the target temperature setpoint is followed by: S610. Set the temperature control range of the coolant.

[0092] S611. When the current temperature of the coolant is outside the temperature control range, the target temperature setting value is redefined.

[0093] Set a hysteresis control band to reduce frequent adjustments: After determining the final target temperature setpoint If adjustments are made immediately for every minor fluctuation, it will cause actuators (such as variable frequency pumps and speed-regulating fans) to start and stop frequently, which will not only increase wear but may also cause system oscillations. Therefore, a "hysteresis control" mechanism is introduced, which sets a control range.

[0094] The specific approach is to define the current... The corresponding temperature control zone range is: ;in Let be the hysteresis width, take As long as the actual measurement If the value falls within this range, no new adjustment command will be issued; only when Only recalculate when the value exceeds this range. And update the settings. For example, if the current Then when Down to Below or up to A reassessment is only triggered when the above conditions are met.

[0095] Furthermore, to prevent switching back and forth near critical loads, a delay mechanism can be introduced. After each adjustment, the setpoint is forcibly locked for at least 300 seconds, during which time no action is taken even if the temperature control range is exceeded. This is equivalent to adding a time-dimensional stability guarantee, avoiding unnecessary adjustments caused by instantaneous load fluctuations (such as short-term peak calculation tasks).

[0096] By setting a temperature control range and introducing a condition-triggered recalculation mechanism, frequent adjustments caused by small temperature fluctuations are effectively suppressed, improving the stability and anti-interference capability of the control system. At the same time, it ensures that the target value can be updated in a timely manner when the operating conditions change significantly, balancing control accuracy and system stability.

[0097] In some embodiments, adjusting the coolant to a corresponding temperature according to the target temperature setpoint includes: S603. Compare the target temperature setting with the current coolant temperature to obtain the deviation.

[0098] S604. Based on the deviation, output an adjustment signal to change the speed of the drive pump and the speed of the fan in the immersion liquid cooling system, and adjust the coolant to the corresponding temperature.

[0099] After determining the target temperature setpoint, it needs to be translated into actual control actions, and the system needs to be kept stable for a long time through continuous monitoring and parameter calibration.

[0100] The system sends the target temperature setpoint command to the cooling unit controller, which then transmits it to the cooling system's execution unit. The system uses an industrial-grade communication protocol (such as Modbus TCP) to connect the central control unit to the local PLC controller of the cooling unit. A control cycle is executed every 30 seconds: the central unit will... Write the address to the PLC register as the new temperature setpoint.

[0101] After receiving the instruction, the PLC activates the PID control logic and compares the current coolant circuit outlet temperature. The deviation is used to output a control signal to adjust the speed of the variable frequency pump. With fan speed Its basic form is ;in The preset gain coefficient is used. This feedback loop ensures that the actual temperature gradually approaches the target value. The communication link has a heartbeat detection mechanism; if no confirmation response is received from the PLC three times consecutively, it is determined that the communication is interrupted, the local default mode (such as maintaining the current speed) is activated, and an alarm is reported.

[0102] In some embodiments, the coolant temperature control method of the immersion liquid cooling system further includes: continuously monitoring the consistency between the actual coolant temperature and the predicted value of the temperature difference response relationship during system operation; and initiating a parameter update process when the monitored error continues to exceed a preset threshold.

[0103] The system monitors the actual temperature response and compares it with the predicted value. After the command is issued, the system continuously collects data. Real-time value, sampling frequency At the same time, the temperature difference response relationship is used to determine the current... and As input, predict the next 60 seconds Curve. Actual value calculated every 10 seconds. Mean squared error (MSE) of the predicted value: If the MSE is greater than 5 consecutive periods If the model deviates from reality, the parameter recalibration procedure needs to be initiated.

[0104] The parameter update process includes refitting the equivalent heat capacity of the relevant equipment using recent system operating data; and refitting the established correspondence between the cooling device outlet temperature and the ambient temperature daily using historical operating data.

[0105] The convective heat transfer coefficient and heat capacity parameters are updated using new data. When a model mismatch is detected, the system automatically triggers a parameter identification process. The system selects operational data from the last 300 seconds, including... The time series. The differential term is approximated using forward difference based on the dynamic equation. The linear regression form is obtained by rearranging the data. ;make Then there is Fitting using the least squares method and optimal solution ;in, for The design matrix constituted for Vector. Obtained Then, combined with known information Updateable The new parameters are immediately written into the dynamic model, improving the accuracy of subsequent predictions.

[0106] Finally, environmental correction factors are periodically evaluated and long-term operating strategies are optimized. Besides equipment-level parameters, the performance of external cooling devices also varies with factors such as seasons and dust accumulation. Therefore, the system is set to perform an environmental model calibration once daily at 2:00 AM. This summarizes the different environmental factors observed over the past 24 hours. Below The data is refitted to the corresponding formula, and the solution is obtained using the nonlinear least squares method (Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm). If the new parameter deviates from the old value by more than [a certain amount]... If so, update the environmental correction table. Simultaneously, calculate the total energy consumption for the entire day. IT load Calculate the energy consumption per unit of computing power This is used to assess operational efficiency trends. If... A continuous increase for a week prompts maintenance personnel to check for dust buildup on the radiators or blockages in the pipes. This mechanism enables a leap from daily adjustments to monthly optimization, ensuring the long-term efficient operation of the system.

[0107] By continuously monitoring the deviation between model predictions and actual responses, the accuracy of the temperature control model can be assessed online, ensuring the system's adaptability to changes in the operating environment and equipment status. When model inaccuracies are detected, dynamic updates of key parameters are promptly initiated to effectively compensate for performance changes caused by equipment aging, contamination, or operating condition drift, maintaining high precision in the temperature difference response relationship to ensure the accuracy of the adjustment process. Combined with periodic empirical refitting, the long-term reliability of the cooling capacity boundary is guaranteed.

[0108] In some embodiments of this application, a coolant temperature control device for an immersion liquid cooling system is provided, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the system includes: a data acquisition module 21, configured to acquire the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of the IT equipment in the immersion liquid cooling system, and obtain the power consumption of the IT equipment; a data construction module 22, configured to construct a temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption; a temperature determination module 23, configured to determine the minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system; an upper limit determination module 24, configured to determine a safe upper limit value for the surface temperature based on the power consumption; a range determination module 25, configured to determine the temperature adjustment range of the coolant based on the safe upper limit value, the minimum operating temperature, and the temperature difference response relationship; and a temperature control module 26, configured to use the maximum temperature value in the temperature adjustment range as a target temperature setpoint, and adjust the coolant to the corresponding temperature based on the target temperature setpoint.

[0109] The apparatus described above is used to implement the coolant temperature control method of the corresponding immersion liquid cooling system in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0110] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the coolant temperature control method of the immersion liquid cooling system described in any of the above embodiments.

[0111] Figure 3 This embodiment illustrates a more specific hardware structure of an electronic device, which may include a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input / output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040 are interconnected internally via the bus 1050.

[0112] The processor 1010 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0113] The memory 1020 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1020 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1020 and is called and executed by the processor 1010.

[0114] The input / output interface 1030 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. The input / output modules can be configured as components within the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. The input devices can include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, various sensors, etc., and the output devices can include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0115] The communication interface 1040 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (e.g., USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (e.g., mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0116] Bus 1050 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040.

[0117] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, communication interface 1040, and bus 1050, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this specification, and not necessarily all the components shown in the figures.

[0118] The electronic devices described above are used to implement the coolant temperature control method of the corresponding immersion liquid cooling system in any of the foregoing embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0119] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the coolant temperature control method of the immersion liquid cooling system as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0120] The non-transitory computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0121] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiments are used to cause the computer to execute the coolant temperature control method of the immersion liquid cooling system as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0122] Based on the same concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions, which, when the computer program instructions are run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the coolant temperature control method of the immersion liquid cooling system as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0123] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this application (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the embodiments of this application as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0124] Furthermore, to simplify the description and discussion, and to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, the apparatus may be shown in block diagram form. This is to prevent the embodiments of this application from being difficult to understand, and it also takes into account the fact that the details of the implementation of these block diagram apparatuses are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of this application will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully within the understanding of those skilled in the art). In setting forth specific details to describe exemplary embodiments of this application, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of this application may be implemented without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0125] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description.

[0126] The embodiments of this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system, characterized in that, include: Collect the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of the IT equipment in the immersion liquid cooling system to obtain the power consumption of the IT equipment; Based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption, a temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature is constructed. The minimum operating temperature of the coolant is determined based on the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system. The safe upper limit value of the surface temperature is determined based on the power consumption. The temperature adjustment range of the coolant is determined based on the safety upper limit, the minimum operating temperature, and the temperature difference response relationship. The maximum temperature in the temperature adjustment range is taken as the target temperature setting value, and the coolant is adjusted to the corresponding temperature according to the target temperature setting value.

2. The method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for collecting surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of IT equipment in the immersion liquid cooling system, and obtaining the power consumption of the IT equipment, includes: Collect the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of the IT equipment to obtain the power consumption of the IT equipment; The surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature are subjected to noise reduction and outlier removal processes to obtain processed data. The processed data is time-aligned to obtain a synchronization sequence; The quasi-steady-state operating range is determined based on the synchronization sequence.

3. The method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of constructing the temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption includes: A steady-state heat transfer equation is constructed based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption. The initial convective heat transfer coefficient is determined based on the steady-state heat transfer equation and the quasi-steady-state operating range. The correction coefficient is obtained by correcting the initial convective heat transfer coefficient using the Reynolds number and Prandtl number. A dynamic equation is constructed based on the correction factor and the equivalent heat capacity of the IT equipment. The dynamic equation is transformed in the frequency domain to obtain the temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature.

4. The method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system includes: The outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system is measured at different ambient temperatures, and the difference between the outlet temperature and the ambient temperature is calculated. Based on the fitting relationship between multiple differences and the ambient temperature; The minimum operating temperature of the coolant is determined based on the correspondence and the current ambient temperature.

5. The method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the safe upper limit of the surface temperature based on the power consumption includes: Based on the chip junction temperature and junction-to-case thermal resistance of the IT device, a calculation relationship between the safety upper limit and power consumption is established. The safe upper limit of the surface temperature is determined based on the calculated relationship and the current power consumption.

6. The method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the temperature adjustment range of the coolant based on the safety upper limit, the minimum operating temperature, and the temperature difference response relationship includes: By substituting the safety upper limit value into the temperature difference response relationship, the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant is obtained; When the maximum temperature is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature, the temperature adjustment range of the coolant is determined to be the maximum temperature as the upper limit and the minimum operating temperature as the lower limit.

7. The method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of using the maximum temperature value in the temperature adjustment range as the target temperature setting value includes: Obtain the maximum temperature value within the temperature adjustment range; When the maximum temperature is less than or equal to the upper limit of the material thermal stability of the coolant, the maximum temperature is taken as the final target temperature setting value.

8. The method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of using the maximum temperature value within the temperature adjustment range as the target temperature setpoint, followed by: Set the temperature control range of the coolant; When the current temperature of the coolant is outside the temperature control range, the target temperature setting value is redefined.

9. The method for controlling the coolant temperature of an immersion liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the coolant to the corresponding temperature according to the target temperature setpoint includes: The target temperature setpoint is compared with the current coolant temperature to obtain the deviation. Based on the deviation output adjustment signal, the speed of the drive pump and the speed of the fan of the immersion liquid cooling system are changed, and the coolant is adjusted to the corresponding temperature.

10. A coolant temperature control device for an immersion liquid cooling system, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the surface temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature of IT equipment in the immersion liquid cooling system, and to obtain the power consumption of the IT equipment. The construction module is configured to construct a temperature difference response relationship between the surface temperature and the coolant temperature based on the surface temperature, the coolant temperature, the ambient temperature, and the power consumption. The temperature determination module is configured to determine the minimum operating temperature of the coolant based on the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the immersion liquid cooling system. The upper limit determination module is configured to determine a safe upper limit value for the surface temperature based on the power consumption. The range determination module is configured to determine the temperature adjustment range of the coolant based on the safety upper limit value, the minimum operating temperature, and the temperature difference response relationship. The temperature control module is configured to use the maximum temperature in the temperature adjustment range as the target temperature setpoint, and adjust the coolant to the corresponding temperature according to the target temperature setpoint.

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