Risk assessment based method, system, medium and apparatus for optimizing safety space of upper module of flng

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of offshore engineering and FLNG, and discloses a FLNG upper module safety space optimization method and system based on risk assessment, a medium and equipment, which comprises: obtaining the process flow and functional partition of the FLNG upper module, dividing it into multiple independent process sub-modules, performing multi-disaster risk identification and frequency analysis, simulating consequences and analyzing the contribution of multi-disaster superposition effect to personal risk, and determining the influence range of accident consequences; a functional relationship between safety distance and accident consequences and personal risk is established, and the minimum safety distance between each process sub-module is determined by taking the acceptable standard of personal risk as a constraint; a plurality of preliminary arrangement schemes containing the relative positions of each process sub-module and the parameters of passive fire protection measures are generated, and the overall risk level of each scheme is calculated; the plurality of preliminary arrangement schemes are screened with the optimization objectives of minimizing the overall risk and maximizing the space utilization, and an optimal arrangement scheme set meeting the overall risk acceptable standard is output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine engineering and floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) production, storage and offloading (LNG) technology, and in particular to a method, system, medium and equipment for optimizing the safety space of the top module of an FLNG based on risk assessment. Background Technology

[0002] With the accelerated development of deep-sea and marginal oil and gas fields, floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) production, storage, and offloading (LNG) units have become a focus of industry attention due to their integration of natural gas extraction, liquefaction, storage, and offloading, as well as their mobility and reconfigurability. However, FLNG units face severe technical challenges: their upper deck space is extremely limited, yet they must integrate core process modules such as pretreatment, liquefaction, refrigeration, and power generation, resulting in a highly dense network of equipment and pipelines. These devices contain large amounts of flammable and explosive media, and leaks could lead to serious accidents such as fires, explosions, cryogenic brittle fractures, or the spread of toxic gases.

[0003] Currently, the planar layout design of FLNG topside modules lacks specific theoretical guidance and standardized specifications. Existing practices mainly rely on: 1. Drawing on onshore LNG plant specifications: Onshore specifications are typically based on static, open environments, failing to fully consider the motion characteristics, spatial limitations, and complexities of escape and evacuation for offshore floating installations. 2. Referring to FPSO or offshore oil and gas platform experience: Although these platforms are also offshore facilities, their processes and risk types (FPSO primarily deals with crude oil) differ fundamentally from LNG liquefaction processes (involving cryogenic, high-pressure, and flammable gases). 3. Reverse engineering based on accident cases: This is a passive improvement approach, lacking forward-looking and quantitative risk control capabilities.

[0004] Existing related patents, such as CN 113837712 B (Method for Module Division and Layout of Large-Scale Onshore LNG Production Process) and CN 106021687 B (Planar Layout Method for Offshore Modular LNG Receiving Terminal), although introducing the concepts of modular design and quantitative risk analysis (QRA), the former targets onshore plants, while the latter targets LNG receiving terminals (with relatively simple functions). Neither systematically solves the safety space optimization problem for FLNG under conditions of "highly integrated processes, multiple hazard coupling (fire, explosion, cryogenic leakage, flue gas superposition), and extremely limited space." Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, the present invention aims to provide a method, system, medium, and device for optimizing the safety space of the upper module of an FLNG based on risk assessment. This method and device are tailored to the characteristics of FLNG and can deeply integrate risk assessment with multi-objective optimization decision-making to achieve a compact layout.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a method for optimizing the safety space of an FLNG upper module based on risk assessment, comprising: acquiring the process flow and functional partitions of the FLNG upper module, dividing it into multiple independent process sub-modules; using a quantitative risk assessment method to identify and analyze the frequency of multiple hazards in each process sub-module, determining the occurrence frequency of each preset accident scenario; based on the occurrence frequency of the accident scenario, simulating the consequences and analyzing the contribution of the superimposed effects of multiple hazards to individual risk, determining the scope of the impact of the accident consequences; establishing a functional relationship between the safety distance and the accident consequences and individual risk, and using the acceptable standard of individual risk as a constraint, determining the minimum safety distance between each process sub-module through iterative calculation; based on the minimum safety distance, generating multiple preliminary layout schemes containing the relative positions of each process sub-module and passive fire prevention measures parameters, and performing quantitative risk assessment to calculate the overall risk level of each scheme; with the optimization objectives of minimizing overall risk and maximizing space utilization, using a multi-objective optimization algorithm to screen multiple preliminary layout schemes, and outputting the optimal layout scheme set that meets the overall acceptable risk standard.

[0007] Furthermore, the pre-defined accident scenarios include at least one of fire, explosion, cryogenic liquid leakage, and smoke diffusion.

[0008] Furthermore, based on the frequency of accident scenarios, consequence simulations are conducted and the contribution of the combined effects of multiple hazards to individual risk is analyzed, including: Computational numerical simulation tools were used to simulate the consequences of each preset accident scenario, and the spatial distribution of thermal radiation intensity, explosion overpressure value, low temperature influence area and toxic gas concentration under each accident scenario was determined. The physical quantities of the consequences of different types of accidents at the same spatial location are superimposed and calculated to quantitatively analyze the contribution of the superposition effect of at least two accident consequences in fire, explosion, cryogenic leakage and smoke diffusion to the individual risk at that location.

[0009] Furthermore, passive fire protection measures include firewalls or explosion-proof walls; parameters of passive fire protection measures include at least one of the following: location, height, thickness, material, and fire resistance rating. It also includes the optimization of passive fire protection measures: optimizing the parameter settings of firewalls or explosion-proof walls based on risk assessment results so that they can block flames or weaken the shock wave of an explosion in a preset accident scenario.

[0010] Furthermore, several preliminary layout schemes are generated, including the relative positions of each process sub-module and parameters for passive fire prevention measures, and a quantitative risk assessment is conducted, including: Based on the determined minimum safety distance and the optimized firewall settings, multiple preliminary layout schemes are generated. Each preliminary layout scheme includes the relative position coordinates of each process sub-module, the geometric parameters of the firewall, and the safety distance layout. For each preliminary layout scheme, the accident consequences are recalculated and quantitative risk assessments are performed. The individual and social risks of the entire upper module are calculated, with social risks represented by the FN curve, to ensure that the risk calculation is coupled with the actual layout.

[0011] Furthermore, after outputting the optimal layout scheme set, the process also includes a step of sensitivity analysis and robustness verification of the selected optimal layout scheme: by changing key input parameters, the risk level of the layout scheme is analyzed to verify the safety and reliability of the preferred scheme under extreme working conditions. Key input parameters include wind speed, leakage orifice diameter, and equipment fill rate.

[0012] Furthermore, the process sub-modules include at least one of the following: feed gas stabilization module, pretreatment module, natural gas pressurization module, liquefaction module, condensate recovery and evaporation gas treatment module, amine regeneration module, utility system module, and flare separation module.

[0013] Secondly, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: a risk assessment-based safety space optimization system for the upper module of an FLNG, comprising: a functional partitioning module, which acquires the process flow and functional partitions of the upper module of the FLNG and divides them into multiple independent process sub-modules; a frequency analysis module, which uses a quantitative risk assessment method to identify and analyze the frequency of multiple hazards in each process sub-module and determine the occurrence frequency of each preset accident scenario; an accident consequence impact determination module, which simulates the consequences based on the occurrence frequency of the accident scenario and analyzes the contribution of the superimposed effect of multiple hazards to individual risk, and determines the scope of the impact of the accident consequences; a spacing determination module, which establishes a functional relationship between the safety spacing and the accident consequences and individual risk, and determines the minimum safety spacing between each process sub-module through iterative calculation with the individual risk acceptable standard as a constraint; a risk assessment module, which generates multiple preliminary layout schemes containing the relative positions of each process sub-module and passive fire prevention measures parameters based on the minimum safety spacing, and performs quantitative risk assessment to calculate the overall risk level of each scheme; and an optimal scheme output module, which uses a multi-objective optimization algorithm to screen multiple preliminary layout schemes with the optimization objectives of minimizing overall risk and maximizing space utilization, and outputs the optimal layout scheme set that meets the overall risk acceptable standard.

[0014] Thirdly, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs include instructions, which, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform any of the methods described above.

[0015] Fourthly, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a computing device comprising: one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include instructions for performing any of the methods described above.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions: 1. This invention is specifically designed for FLNG, taking into account the unique characteristics of its process flow (coexistence of multiple hazards) and the special nature of the marine environment, thus filling the gap in the existing regulatory system in this field.

[0017] 2. This invention abandons the traditional empirical analogy or single accident criteria (such as considering only explosions), adopts quantitative risk assessment, and for the first time systematically considers the impact of multiple disasters such as fire, explosion, low temperature leakage, and smoke, as well as their superimposed effects on individual risk, making risk control more precise.

[0018] 3. By establishing a functional relationship between risk and spacing and multi-objective optimization, this invention can minimize safety redundancy between modules and achieve a compact layout while ensuring safety. This can significantly save deck area and steel usage for the extremely expensive FLNG top module, thereby reducing project investment.

[0019] 4. This invention transforms risk management from "reactive response after the fact" to "proactive design before the fact." By using a multi-objective optimization algorithm to select the Pareto optimal solution, it provides designers with a scientific and quantitative basis for decision-making. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the FLNG upper module safety space optimization method based on risk assessment in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To address the problem that existing technologies, lacking specific layout theories, result in either overly conservative and wasteful FLNG topside module arrangements or insufficient risk control, this invention provides a risk assessment-based method, system, medium, and equipment for optimizing the safety space of FLNG topside modules. This invention is particularly applicable to FLNG plants with extremely limited space, highly complex processes, and multiple hazard coupling risks. Through quantitative risk assessment, it scientifically and systematically determines the safety distances and protective measures between various process modules, achieving a safe, economical, and compact layout of the topside modules.

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0024] The parameters involved in this invention are explained as follows: FLNG (Floating Liquefied Natural Gas System): A floating liquefied natural gas production, storage, and offloading facility.

[0025] QRA (Quantitative Risk Assessment): Quantitative risk assessment.

[0026] Individual Risk (IR): refers to the probability that an individual who has not taken any protective measures will die due to an accident in a specific location.

[0027] Social risk (FN curve): refers to the relationship between the frequency of accidents that cause multiple injuries or deaths and the number of injuries or deaths.

[0028] Multi-hazard superposition effect: refers to the situation in which different accident types (such as fire and explosion) occur simultaneously or sequentially in the same spatial area, and the hazards (thermal radiation, shock wave, toxic gas) they produce are superimposed, resulting in a risk level higher than that of a single accident scenario.

[0029] ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable): The "reasonably feasible" principle for risk control.

[0030] Pareto Frontier: In multi-objective optimization, a set of optimal solutions that cannot improve one objective without compromising another.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for optimizing the safety space of an FLNG upper module based on risk assessment is provided. In this embodiment, as shown... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps: 1) Obtain the process flow and functional partitions of the FLNG upper module and divide it into multiple independent process sub-modules.

[0032] 2) The quantitative risk assessment (QRA) method is used to identify and analyze the frequency of multiple hazards in each process sub-module to determine the occurrence frequency of each preset accident scenario.

[0033] 3) Based on the frequency of accident scenarios, conduct consequence simulations and analyze the contribution of the superposition effect of multiple disasters to individual risk, and determine the scope of impact of accident consequences.

[0034] 4) Establish a functional relationship between safety distance, accident consequences, and personal risk, and determine the minimum safety distance between each process sub-module through iterative calculation, using the acceptable standard of personal risk as a constraint.

[0035] 5) Based on the minimum safety distance, generate a variety of preliminary layout schemes that include the relative positions of each process sub-module and parameters of passive fire prevention measures, and conduct quantitative risk assessments to calculate the overall risk level of each scheme.

[0036] 6) With the optimization objectives of minimizing overall risk and maximizing space utilization, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to screen various preliminary layout schemes and output the optimal layout scheme set that meets the overall risk acceptable standard (Pareto front) for design decision-making.

[0037] In step 1) above, the process sub-modules include at least one of the following: feed gas stabilization module, pretreatment module, natural gas pressurization module, liquefaction module, condensate recovery and evaporative gas (BOG) treatment module, amine regeneration module, utility system module and flare separation module, etc.

[0038] In this embodiment, the purpose of the division is to decouple the complex continuous process into basic units that can be independently assessed for risk and optimized for spatial layout.

[0039] In step 2) above, the QRA method is used, combined with the unique operating environment characteristics of FLNG (such as sloshing, corrosion, and high-pressure cryogenic conditions), to comprehensively identify risks in each process sub-module. Preset accident scenarios include at least one of the following: fire (jet fire, pool fire), explosion (vapor cloud explosion), cryogenic liquid leakage (the risk of cryogenic brittle fracture caused by LNG leakage), and flue gas diffusion. The frequency of occurrence of each accident scenario is determined through historical data, fault tree analysis, and other methods.

[0040] In step 3) above, based on the frequency of occurrence of accident scenarios, consequence simulation and analysis of the contribution of the superimposed effects of multiple hazards to individual risk are performed, including the following steps: 3.1) Computational numerical simulation tools were used to simulate the consequences of each preset accident scenario to determine the spatial distribution of thermal radiation intensity, explosion overpressure value, low temperature influence area and toxic gas concentration under each accident scenario.

[0041] In this embodiment, the numerical simulation tool can be a fluid dynamics (CFD) tool.

[0042] 3.2) Perform superposition calculations on the physical quantities of different types of accident consequences at the same spatial location, and quantitatively analyze the contribution of the superposition effect of at least two accident consequences in fire, explosion, cryogenic leakage and smoke diffusion to the individual risk (IR) of that location, such as the risk accumulation of fire thermal radiation and explosion overpressure acting on a certain area at the same time.

[0043] In this embodiment, the consequences of the accident include thermal radiation flux I(d), overpressure P(d), etc. The ALARP principle is adopted as the standard for acceptable individual risk.

[0044] In step 4) above, establishing the functional relationship between safe distance and accident consequences and individual risk specifically includes: Define the safety distance between two adjacent process submodules A and B as d. For any preset accident scenario i (such as jet fire, explosion, etc.), the intensity of its consequences (such as thermal radiation flux I(d) or explosion overpressure P(d)) at a distance d from the accident source decreases with distance. Individual risk IR is the annualized frequency sum of the probability of death of an individual at a specific location, and its calculation expression is:

[0045] In the formula, IR(x,y) is the individual risk value at spatial coordinates (x,y); f i P represents the frequency of occurrence of accident scenario i; fatality,i Let M be the probability of death of a person located at a distance d in accident scenario i. This probability is calculated by the intensity of the accident consequences (which decreases as the distance d increases) and the human vulnerability model (Probit model); d is the safe distance between process sub-modules; M is the passive fire protection measure parameter (such as the presence or absence of a firewall and its fire resistance rating).

[0046] Specifically, the functional relationship between the safety distance d and individual risk IR can be approximated as:

[0047] Where Φ(·) is the cumulative probability function of the standard normal distribution; a i ,b i—The Probit constant corresponding to the specific accident scenario i; C i —Source term strength coefficient for accident scenario i; k i —The exponential factor by which a physical quantity decays with distance (for point source radiation, k) i Usually, 2 is taken.

[0048] Based on the above functional relationship, and using individual risk acceptable standards (e.g., IR), target ≤1×10 -4 Using the year as a constraint, the reverse solution satisfies IR(d)≤IR. target The minimum d value is used to determine the minimum safe distance between each process sub-module.

[0049] In step 5) above, passive fire protection measures include firewalls or explosion-proof walls; the parameters of passive fire protection measures include at least one of the following: location, height, thickness, material, and fire resistance rating.

[0050] This embodiment also includes the optimization of passive fire prevention measures: the parameter settings of firewalls or explosion-proof walls are optimized according to the risk assessment results so that they can block flames or weaken explosion shock waves in preset accident scenarios, thereby isolating risks in physical space and achieving passive safety protection.

[0051] In step 5) above, several preliminary layout schemes containing the relative positions of each process sub-module and parameters of passive fire prevention measures are generated, and a quantitative risk assessment is performed, including the following steps: 5.1) Based on the determined minimum safety distance and the optimized firewall settings, a variety of preliminary layout schemes are generated. Each preliminary layout scheme includes the relative position coordinates of each process sub-module, the geometric parameters of the firewall, and the safety distance layout.

[0052] 5.2) For each preliminary layout scheme, the accident consequences calculation and quantitative risk assessment (QRA) are re-performed to calculate the individual and social risks of the entire upper module. The social risks are represented by the FN curve to ensure that the risk calculation is coupled with the actual layout.

[0053] In step 6) above, the multi-objective optimization algorithm can be a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm optimization algorithm, etc.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, after outputting the optimal layout scheme set in step 6), the method further includes a step of sensitivity analysis and robustness verification of the selected optimal layout schemes: by changing key input parameters, the risk level changes of the layout schemes are analyzed to verify the safety and reliability of the preferred schemes under extreme operating conditions (such as severe sea conditions or equipment failure). The key input parameters include wind speed, leakage orifice diameter, and equipment fill rate.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, a risk assessment-based safety space optimization system for the upper module of an FLNG is provided, comprising: The functional partitioning module obtains the process flow and functional partitions of the upper module of FLNG and divides them into multiple independent process sub-modules. The frequency analysis module uses a quantitative risk assessment method to identify and analyze the multiple hazards of each process sub-module and determine the occurrence frequency of each preset accident scenario. The accident consequence impact determination module simulates the consequences based on the frequency of accident scenarios and analyzes the contribution of the superimposed effects of multiple disasters to individual risk, thereby determining the scope of the accident consequences. The spacing determination module establishes a functional relationship between safe spacing and accident consequences and personal risk, and determines the minimum safe spacing between each process sub-module through iterative calculation, constrained by the acceptable standard of personal risk. The risk assessment module generates multiple preliminary layout schemes based on the minimum safety distance, including the relative positions of each process sub-module and parameters of passive fire prevention measures, and performs quantitative risk assessment to calculate the overall risk level of each scheme. The optimal solution output module aims to minimize overall risk and maximize space utilization. It uses a multi-objective optimization algorithm to screen various preliminary layout schemes and outputs the optimal layout scheme set that meets the overall risk acceptable standard.

[0056] In the above embodiments, the preset accident scenarios include at least one of fire, explosion, cryogenic liquid leakage, and smoke diffusion.

[0057] In the above embodiments, based on the frequency of occurrence of accident scenarios, consequence simulations are performed and the contribution of the superimposed effects of multiple disasters to individual risk is analyzed, including: Computational numerical simulation tools were used to simulate the consequences of each preset accident scenario, and the spatial distribution of thermal radiation intensity, explosion overpressure value, low temperature influence area and toxic gas concentration under each accident scenario was determined. The physical quantities of the consequences of different types of accidents at the same spatial location are superimposed and calculated to quantitatively analyze the contribution of the superposition effect of at least two accident consequences in fire, explosion, cryogenic leakage and smoke diffusion to the individual risk at that location.

[0058] In the above embodiments, passive fire protection measures include firewalls or explosion-proof walls; the parameters of passive fire protection measures include at least one of the following: location, height, thickness, material, and fire resistance rating. It also includes the optimization of passive fire protection measures: optimizing the parameter settings of firewalls or explosion-proof walls based on risk assessment results so that they can block flames or weaken the shock wave of an explosion in a preset accident scenario.

[0059] In the above embodiments, multiple preliminary layout schemes containing the relative positions of each process sub-module and parameters of passive fire prevention measures are generated, and quantitative risk assessments are performed, including: Based on the determined minimum safety distance and the optimized firewall settings, multiple preliminary layout schemes are generated. Each preliminary layout scheme includes the relative position coordinates of each process sub-module, the geometric parameters of the firewall, and the safety distance layout. For each preliminary layout scheme, the accident consequences are recalculated and quantitative risk assessments are performed. The individual and social risks of the entire upper module are calculated, with social risks represented by the FN curve, to ensure that the risk calculation is coupled with the actual layout.

[0060] In the above embodiments, after outputting the optimal layout scheme set, the steps of performing sensitivity analysis and robustness verification on the selected optimal layout scheme are also included: by changing the key input parameters, the risk level of the layout scheme is analyzed to verify the safety and reliability of the preferred scheme under extreme working conditions. Key input parameters include wind speed, leakage orifice diameter, and equipment fill rate.

[0061] In the above embodiments, the process sub-modules include at least one of the following: feed gas stabilization module, pretreatment module, natural gas pressurization module, liquefaction module, condensate recovery and evaporation gas treatment module, amine regeneration module, utility system module, and flare separation module.

[0062] The system provided in this embodiment is used to execute the above-described method embodiments. For specific processes and details, please refer to the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, a computing device is provided. This computing device can be a terminal and may include a processor, a communication interface, memory, a display screen, and an input device. The processor, communication interface, and memory communicate with each other via a communication bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and computer programs. When the computer programs are executed by the processor, they implement the methods described in the above embodiments. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals. Wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, a management network, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an e-ink display. The input device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad mounted on the casing of the computing device, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse. The processor can call logical instructions stored in the memory.

[0064] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory can be implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product including a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program including program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is able to perform the methods provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores server instructions that cause a computer to perform the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the safety space of an FLNG superstructure based on risk assessment, characterized in that, include: Obtain the process flow and functional partitions of the FLNG upper module and divide it into multiple independent process sub-modules; A quantitative risk assessment method was used to identify and analyze the frequency of multiple hazards in each process sub-module, and to determine the occurrence frequency of each preset accident scenario. Based on the frequency of accident scenarios, the consequences are simulated and the contribution of the superposition effect of multiple disasters to individual risk is analyzed to determine the scope of the impact of accident consequences. Establish a functional relationship between safety distance, accident consequences, and individual risk, and determine the minimum safety distance between each process sub-module through iterative calculation, constrained by the acceptable standard of individual risk. Based on the minimum safety distance, several preliminary layout schemes are generated, including the relative positions of each process sub-module and parameters of passive fire prevention measures. A quantitative risk assessment is then conducted to calculate the overall risk level of each scheme. With the optimization objectives of minimizing overall risk and maximizing space utilization, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to screen various preliminary layout schemes and output the optimal layout scheme set that meets the overall risk acceptable standard.

2. The FLNG superstructure safety space optimization method based on risk assessment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset accident scenarios include at least one of fire, explosion, cryogenic liquid leakage, and smoke diffusion.

3. The FLNG superstructure safety space optimization method based on risk assessment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the frequency of accident scenarios, consequences are simulated and the contribution of the cumulative effects of multiple hazards to individual risk is analyzed, including: Computational numerical simulation tools were used to simulate the consequences of each preset accident scenario, and the spatial distribution of thermal radiation intensity, explosion overpressure value, low temperature influence area and toxic gas concentration under each accident scenario was determined. The physical quantities of the consequences of different types of accidents at the same spatial location are superimposed and calculated to quantitatively analyze the contribution of the superposition effect of at least two accident consequences in fire, explosion, cryogenic leakage and smoke diffusion to the individual risk at that location.

4. The FLNG superstructure safety space optimization method based on risk assessment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Passive fire protection measures include firewalls or explosion-proof walls; parameters of passive fire protection measures include at least one of the following: location, height, thickness, material, and fire resistance rating. It also includes the optimization of passive fire protection measures: optimizing the parameter settings of firewalls or explosion-proof walls based on risk assessment results so that they can block flames or weaken the shock wave of an explosion in a preset accident scenario.

5. The FLNG superstructure safety space optimization method based on risk assessment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple preliminary layout schemes are generated, including the relative positions of each process sub-module and parameters for passive fire protection measures, and a quantitative risk assessment is conducted, including: Based on the determined minimum safety distance and the optimized firewall settings, multiple preliminary layout schemes are generated. Each preliminary layout scheme includes the relative position coordinates of each process sub-module, the geometric parameters of the firewall, and the safety distance layout. For each preliminary layout scheme, the accident consequences are recalculated and quantitative risk assessments are performed. The individual and social risks of the entire upper module are calculated, with social risks represented by the FN curve, to ensure that the risk calculation is coupled with the actual layout.

6. The FLNG superstructure safety space optimization method based on risk assessment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After outputting the optimal layout scheme set, the process also includes a step of sensitivity analysis and robustness verification of the selected optimal layout scheme: by changing the key input parameters, the risk level of the layout scheme is analyzed to verify the safety and reliability of the preferred scheme under extreme working conditions. Key input parameters include wind speed, leakage orifice diameter, and equipment fill rate.

7. The FLNG superstructure safety space optimization method based on risk assessment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process sub-modules include at least one of the following: feed gas stabilization module, pretreatment module, natural gas pressurization module, liquefaction module, condensate recovery and evaporation gas treatment module, amine regeneration module, utility system module, and flare separation module.

8. A safety space optimization system for the upper module of an FLNG based on risk assessment, characterized in that, include: The functional partitioning module obtains the process flow and functional partitions of the upper module of FLNG and divides them into multiple independent process sub-modules. The frequency analysis module uses a quantitative risk assessment method to identify and analyze the multiple hazards of each process sub-module and determine the occurrence frequency of each preset accident scenario. The accident consequence impact determination module simulates the consequences based on the frequency of accident scenarios and analyzes the contribution of the superimposed effects of multiple disasters to individual risk, thereby determining the scope of the accident consequences. The spacing determination module establishes a functional relationship between safe spacing and accident consequences and personal risk, and determines the minimum safe spacing between each process sub-module through iterative calculation, constrained by the acceptable standard of personal risk. The risk assessment module generates multiple preliminary layout schemes based on the minimum safety distance, including the relative positions of each process sub-module and parameters of passive fire prevention measures, and performs quantitative risk assessment to calculate the overall risk level of each scheme. The optimal solution output module aims to minimize overall risk and maximize space utilization. It uses a multi-objective optimization algorithm to screen various preliminary layout schemes and outputs the optimal layout scheme set that meets the overall risk acceptable standard.

9. A computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more programs, characterized in that, The one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform any of the methods described in claims 1 to 7.

10. A computing device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing any of the methods described in claims 1 to 7.

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