Electronic detonator communication control method and system

Abstract

This invention discloses a communication control method and system for electronic detonators, belonging to the field of digital information transmission technology. The method includes: a detonation controller sending a low-frequency scanning signal, analyzing the current response to determine an initial communication parameter set, and establishing an initial communication link; periodically sending probe frames and receiving loopback frames based on the link, extracting link quality indicators such as bus physical state, eye diagram opening, and timing jitter; dynamically selecting an inference strategy based on the indicators to generate a three-dimensional vector containing carrier frequency, baud rate, and sampling threshold adjustment values; synchronously updating and switching parameters, and restarting the evaluation process; if the convergence condition is met, the parameters are fixed; otherwise, iteration continues or an early warning is triggered. This scheme achieves adaptive dynamic optimization of communication parameters, improving the stability and reliability of electronic detonator communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of digital information transmission technology, specifically to a communication control method and system for electronic detonators, and is particularly suitable for communication systems that achieve dynamic matching of communication parameters and optimization of link quality through adaptive closed-loop control in bus networks where the physical channel state is uncertain. Background Technology

[0002] In digital bus communication systems, information is transmitted between the master control device and the terminal nodes via a shared physical medium. Due to the complexity of the field deployment environment, the physical characteristics of the communication bus have many uncertainties, posing challenges to reliable communication.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, various communication control schemes have emerged in existing technologies. One type of scheme adjusts the transmit power or coding scheme by monitoring the received signal strength or bit error rate; another type sends training sequences before communication is established to perform channel estimation and select modulation parameters accordingly. These methods have achieved some success in point-to-point wireless communication, but they still have the following shortcomings: First, traditional training sequences are only used for synchronization and channel equalization, and cannot obtain frequency domain characteristics such as the impedance magnitude and phase angle of the channel, leading to initial parameter settings relying on experience or conservative design. Second, bit error rate statistics require a sufficient number of samples and have a response lag; the received signal strength cannot reflect transient distortions such as timing jitter, overshoot, and ringing, which are often early signs of communication failure, preventing the system from providing proactive warnings and interventions before the link deteriorates completely.

[0004] In summary, existing technical parameter adjustment strategies are rigid and lack differentiated handling for physical layer anomalies and performance optimization. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a communication control method that can achieve closed-loop dynamic optimization of communication parameters through channel feature detection, multi-dimensional quality assessment, and adaptive strategy adjustment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention discloses a communication control method and system for electronic detonators, which solves the technical problems of existing technologies in the context of uncertain physical state of the communication bus, such as reliance on experience for initial communication parameter configuration, single dimension of link quality assessment, fixed parameter adjustment strategy and lack of closed-loop adaptive optimization mechanism. It improves the efficiency of digital bus communication link establishment, the comprehensiveness of link quality assessment, the level of intelligence of parameter adjustment, and the overall reliability and robustness of the communication system.

[0006] In view of the above problems, this application provides an electronic detonator communication control method and system. The first aspect disclosed in this application provides an electronic detonator communication control method, which is applied to a communication bus including a detonation controller and at least one electronic detonator, characterized by comprising the following steps: The detonation controller sends a low-frequency scanning signal to the communication bus, collects the current response waveform, and analyzes it to obtain channel characteristic parameters. Based on this, it determines an initial communication parameter set including the initial value of the carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate. The detonation controller sends a preamble training sequence based on the initial communication parameter set and receives the response signal returned by the electronic detonator. Based on the response signal, it completes bit synchronization and frame synchronization, and determines the initial sampling decision threshold according to its amplitude characteristics, thereby forming an initial effective communication parameter set to establish an initial communication link. Based on the established initial communication link, the detonation controller periodically sends probe frames embedded with known checksums to the electronic detonator using the currently effective communication parameter set, and receives loopback frames returned by the electronic detonator; it parses the loopback frames to extract link quality indicators, which include at least bus physical status indicators, eye diagram opening indicators, and timing jitter indicators; based on the link quality indicators, it performs a trigger determination; if a preset trigger condition is met, it constructs a communication parameter adjustment vector; otherwise, it maintains the currently effective communication parameter set, which is initially the initial effective communication parameter set. Based on the communication parameter adjustment vector, the communication parameters between the detonation controller and the electronic detonator are synchronously updated, and the updated communication parameters are atomically switched within a preset synchronization time window to obtain the updated and currently effective communication parameter group. After completing the parameter switching, the detonation controller executes the parameter convergence verification process; The detonation controller performs a link quality check using the updated currently effective communication parameter set to obtain updated link quality indicators and determine whether the link quality indicators meet the preset convergence conditions. If the convergence condition is met, the iteration is terminated and the currently effective communication parameters are fixed for use in subsequent periodic link detection. If the convergence condition is not met and the maximum number of iterations has not been reached, a trigger judgment step will be executed based on the updated link quality indicators to carry out the next round of iteration adjustment; If the maximum number of iterations has been reached and the communication parameters have not yet converged, the iteration will be terminated and an anomaly warning will be triggered.

[0007] A second aspect of this application discloses an electronic detonator communication control system, the system comprising: The initial link establishment module is used by the detonator to send a low-frequency scanning signal to the communication bus, collect the current response waveform and analyze it to obtain channel characteristic parameters, and determine an initial communication parameter set including the initial value of the carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate. The detonator sends a preamble training sequence based on the initial communication parameter set and receives the response signal returned by the electronic detonator. Based on the response signal, bit synchronization and frame synchronization are completed, and the initial sampling decision threshold is determined according to its amplitude characteristics, thereby forming an initial effective communication parameter set to establish the initial communication link. The link quality monitoring and triggering module is used to periodically send probe frames embedded with known check codes to the electronic detonator using the currently effective communication parameter group based on the established initial communication link, and to receive loopback frames returned by the electronic detonator; parse the loopback frames to extract link quality indicators, which include at least bus physical status indicators, eye diagram opening indicators, and timing jitter indicators; and perform trigger determination based on the link quality indicators. If a preset trigger condition is met, a communication parameter adjustment vector is constructed; otherwise, the currently effective communication parameter group is maintained, and the currently effective communication parameter group is initially the initial effective communication parameter group. The communication parameter synchronization update module is used to synchronously update the communication parameters between the detonation controller and the electronic detonator based on the communication parameter adjustment vector, and atomically switch to the updated communication parameters within a preset synchronization time window to obtain the updated currently effective communication parameter group. The iterative convergence control module is used to execute the parameter convergence verification process of the detonation controller after the parameter switching is completed. The detonation controller performs a link quality check using the updated currently effective communication parameter set to obtain updated link quality indicators and determine whether the link quality indicators meet the preset convergence conditions. If the convergence condition is met, the iteration is terminated and the currently effective communication parameters are fixed for use in subsequent periodic link detection. If the convergence condition is not met and the maximum number of iterations has not been reached, a trigger judgment step will be executed based on the updated link quality indicators to carry out the next round of iteration adjustment; If the maximum number of iterations has been reached and the communication parameters have not yet converged, the iteration will be terminated and an anomaly warning will be triggered.

[0008] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1) By sending multi-frequency low-frequency scanning signals and analyzing the bus current response waveform, the impedance magnitude and phase angle at each frequency point are calculated to generate a characteristic fingerprint representing the physical state of the channel. This fingerprint is then matched with an offline pre-stored impedance-parameter mapping table, enabling active detection and intelligent configuration of initial communication parameters. This effectively solves the problem of mismatch between initial parameters and channel characteristics under fixed parameter configuration mode, significantly improving the success rate and quality of initial communication link establishment.

[0009] 2) By receiving loopback frames transparently transmitted from electronic detonators, eye diagram opening indicators, timing jitter indicators, and bus physical status indicators based on rise time, fall time, overshoot amplitude, and ringing frequency are extracted to construct a multi-dimensional link quality quantitative evaluation system. This enables comprehensive perception of signal amplitude attenuation, inter-symbol interference, and physical layer transient distortion, providing a reliable decision-making basis for precise adjustment of communication parameters.

[0010] 3) The inference strategy is dynamically selected based on the physical status index of the bus. When there is a physical anomaly, a safety forced adjustment mode is executed, and when the physical status is normal, a multi-rule weighted average optimization mode based on fuzzy inference is executed. This realizes differentiated processing between abnormal and normal states and significantly improves the robustness and adaptability of parameter adjustment.

[0011] 4) By using a preset synchronization time window to switch the atomic parameters between the master control device and the electronic detonator, and combining this with convergence criteria and maximum iteration count control, a complete closed-loop iterative optimization mechanism is formed. This mechanism can drive the link quality index to converge to the preset high-quality range, achieving dynamic optimal matching of communication parameters with the current bus physical characteristics, and effectively improving the overall reliability of the communication system. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the electronic detonator communication control method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the electronic detonator communication control system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0013] 10. Initial link establishment module; 11. Link quality monitoring and triggering module; 12. Communication parameter synchronization update module; 13. Iterative convergence control module. Detailed Implementation

[0014] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides an electronic detonator communication control method, applied to a communication bus including a detonation controller and at least one electronic detonator. The method includes: S1: The detonation controller sends a low-frequency scanning signal to the communication bus, collects the current response waveform, and analyzes it to obtain channel characteristic parameters. Based on this, it determines an initial communication parameter set including the initial value of the carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate. The detonation controller sends a preamble training sequence based on the initial communication parameter set and receives the response signal returned by the electronic detonator. Based on the response signal, it completes bit synchronization and frame synchronization, and determines the initial sampling decision threshold according to its amplitude characteristics, thereby forming an initial effective communication parameter set to establish an initial communication link.

[0015] Furthermore, the initial communication parameter set includes: The detonation controller sends a low-frequency scanning signal to the communication bus, the low-frequency scanning signal containing a sine wave or square wave sequence at at least three different frequency points; The detonation controller acquires the current response waveform on the communication bus, performs Fourier analysis on the current response waveform to calculate the bus impedance magnitude and impedance phase angle at each frequency point, and obtains the channel characteristic parameters. The detonation controller determines the initial value of the communication carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate based on the channel characteristic parameters according to the pre-calibrated impedance-parameter mapping table. The detonation controller uses the initial value of the carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate together as the initial communication parameters to obtain the initial communication parameter set.

[0016] Specifically, the digital bus refers to the physical link between the detonator controller and the electronic detonator network used to transmit digital communication signals. In this embodiment, the controller uses a time-division multiplexing method to sequentially send sinusoidal signals with frequencies of f1 (100Hz), f2 (500Hz), and f3 (1000Hz). When the scanning signal is transmitted on the bus, it will interact in complex ways with the channel environment, so that the actual current waveform on the bus is mainly due to the combined effect of the following factors: when the signal encounters a bus branch point, end, or poor contact point, it will generate reflected and transmitted waves, which will be superimposed on the original signal; the equivalent input impedance of the electronic detonator, including the rectification and protection circuit, as well as the distributed resistance, inductance, and capacitance of the bus itself, will filter, delay, and attenuate the signal as the frequency changes; the static operating current of the detonator in standby mode will be superimposed on the signal as background noise. The combined effect of these factors makes the final acquired current response signal carry the unique physical characteristic information of the current bus, that is, the channel characteristic parameters.

[0017] While sending a low-frequency scanning signal, the detonation controller activates its internal high-precision analog-to-digital converter to continuously sample the current signal on the bus at a sampling rate no less than 10 times the frequency of the detection signal, obtaining a digital waveform sequence of the current response signal. The detonation controller performs Fourier analysis on the acquired current response signal to calculate the bus impedance magnitude and phase angle change rate at each frequency point. This step only requires calculating the impedance values ​​of f1, f2, and f3. The Goertzel algorithm or the single-point calculation formula of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is preferred. A Hanning window is applied to the sampled data before the DFT calculation to suppress spectral leakage. Simultaneously, since the sampling clock and the transmission clock use the same crystal oscillator and are hardware synchronized, the sampling window is strictly locked to an integer multiple of the signal period, such as N=256 points, thereby avoiding spectral leakage. For each detection frequency point f... i The detonation controller performs the following calculations: It acquires the voltage reference phasor; since the transmitted signal is generated by the detonation controller itself, its voltage amplitude V... m and initial phase θ v It is known, denoted as voltage phasor. Because the sending module and sampling module of the detonation controller use the same crystal oscillator and are hardware synchronized, the controller can accurately determine the phase of the transmitted voltage signal at the beginning of the sampling window and record it as the reference phase θ. v At the same time, the amplitude V of the transmitted voltage m The preset value is used. The current phasor is calculated, and a DFT is performed on the acquired current response signal to extract the frequency f. i The real part Re and the imaginary part Im at the point part The received phase θ of the current signal is calculated using the arctangent function. i =atan2(Im part Re). Calculated received phase θ i This refers to the phase angle of the current signal relative to the start of the sampling window, while also calculating the current amplitude. Calculate the impedance magnitude: the bus impedance magnitude at this frequency point. Calculate the impedance phase angle and the phase position at that frequency. , due to θ v and θ i All values ​​are determined relative to the same time base, i.e., the start time of the sampling window. Subtracting the two eliminates the systematic error caused by the time base, thus accurately obtaining the physical phase difference between voltage and current, i.e., the impedance angle, and also compensating for the fixed delay of the transmitting and receiving channels. Repeating the above calculation for f1, f2, and f3 yields the impedance magnitude sequence. and phase angle sequence The detonation controller combines the calculated impedance magnitude and phase angle change rate at each frequency point into a feature vector according to a preset format. This vector is the channel characteristic parameter, as follows: ; This parameter is a digital summary of the current bus physical state. The detonator controller internally stores an impedance-parameter mapping table, which stores the correspondence between typical channel characteristic parameters and recommended communication parameters. The detonator controller matches the calculated channel characteristic parameters with fingerprint templates in the mapping table, using Euclidean distance or Manhattan distance for similarity calculation. The recommended parameters corresponding to the template with the highest matching degree are selected as: the initial value f0 of the communication carrier frequency and the initial upper limit R of the baseband signal baud rate. b0 .

[0018] The impedance-parameter mapping table is pre-built and stored in the non-volatile memory of the detonator based on a combination of offline experimental calibration and channel modeling. The construction process includes the following steps: 1) Constructing a typical channel model library: In a laboratory environment, simulating various extreme and conventional conditions at actual blasting sites, constructing multiple typical test channel models with different physical lengths (e.g., 100m to 2000m), different branch topologies (e.g., single-line series, multi-path parallel), different load quantities (e.g., 1 to 500 detonators), and different contact states (e.g., ideal connection, high-impedance oxidized contact). 2) Collecting feature fingerprints and performance testing: Fingerprint collection: Using the detonator to send the low-frequency scanning signal, collecting and calculating the bus impedance magnitude and phase angle change rate under this model, recording them as standard channel feature parameters. Boundary testing: Under this model, testing the communication bit error rate under different combinations of carrier frequency and baseband signal baud rate using an ergonomic method. 3) Based on the test results of step 2), selecting those that meet communication reliability requirements, such as a bit error rate lower than... The optimal carrier frequency and maximum available baud rate are determined, and the baud rate is reduced by one level, for example, from 9600Bd to 4800Bd as the initial upper limit, to leave a safety margin for anti-interference.

[0019] Determine the maximum available baud rate. Under a fixed carrier frequency, gradually increase the baseband signal baud rate until the communication bit error rate approaches but does not exceed a preset reliability threshold. Define the highest baud rate that meets this reliability requirement as the maximum available baud rate under this channel model. To reserve a safety margin for anti-interference, this embodiment adopts a downgrading strategy: the next lower standard baud rate of the maximum available baud rate is used as the initial upper limit. Determine the optimal carrier frequency. Under a fixed baud rate, scan different carrier frequencies and monitor the signal-to-noise ratio and amplitude attenuation characteristics of the received signal. Select the frequency point with the minimum signal attenuation (i.e., the maximum received amplitude), the highest impedance matching degree (i.e., the minimum signal reflection), and the lowest bit error rate as the optimal carrier frequency f0 under this channel model. Establish an association index between this optimal parameter combination and the corresponding standard channel characteristic parameters and enter it into the database. 4) Perform cluster analysis on the discrete data points in the above database, such as using the K-means algorithm or the density-based DBSCAN algorithm, to group channel models with similar physical characteristics into the same class. Use the center of each class as a representative fingerprint template to finally generate an impedance-parameter mapping table. During this process, the electronic detonator in standby mode exists only as the equivalent load impedance on the digital bus and does not need to participate in any signal processing or calculation tasks.

[0020] Furthermore, establishing an initial communication link includes: The detonation controller uses the determined initial value of the carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate to send a preamble training sequence containing a Barker code sequence to the electronic detonator; The detonation controller receives the synchronization confirmation frame returned by the electronic detonator, parses the initial clock deviation from the synchronization confirmation frame and stores it. The synchronization confirmation frame is generated by the electronic detonator after capturing the Barker code in the preamble training sequence using a matched filter to complete bit synchronization and frame synchronization, and encapsulating the measured initial clock deviation with its own device identification code. During the process of receiving the synchronization confirmation frame, the detonation controller performs time alignment based on the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate and the edge transitions or correlation characteristics of the synchronization confirmation frame header sequence to determine the initial optimal sampling time for each bit; and obtains the expected logic value of each bit based on the synchronization confirmation frame header sequence. At the initial optimal sampling time, it collects the amplitude of the current response signal on the communication bus and associates the collected amplitude with its corresponding expected logic value: if the expected logic value is 0, the amplitude is stored in the logic 0 sample set; if the expected logic value is 1, the amplitude is stored in the logic 1 sample set. The detonation controller performs statistical analysis on the logic 0 sample set and the logic 1 sample set respectively to obtain the logic 0 amplitude probability density distribution and the logic 1 amplitude probability density distribution. It calculates the trough position between the two probability density distributions and uses the amplitude corresponding to the trough position as the initial sampling decision threshold. The detonation controller configures the initial sampling decision threshold, the initial clock deviation, the initial carrier frequency value, and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate together as the initial valid communication parameter group to complete the establishment of the initial communication logical link.

[0021] Specifically, the impedance-parameter mapping table is stored only in the detonator and is used to intelligently determine the optimal communication parameters based on channel detection results. The communication parameter configuration table is stored in both the detonator and the electronic detonator and is used to quickly synchronize communication configurations via index values ​​during parameter negotiation. The two are logically linked through carrier frequency and baud rate. The communication parameter configuration table serves as the common language for communication negotiation between the detonator and the electronic detonator. Entries in this table are directly derived from recommended parameter combinations in the impedance-parameter mapping table and assigned unique parameter indices. The detonator uses the impedance-parameter mapping table to match the calculated current channel characteristic parameters with the fingerprint templates in the table to determine the optimal recommended parameter combination. Subsequently, the detonator searches the communication parameter configuration table for an entry that perfectly matches this recommended parameter combination and obtains its corresponding parameter index, such as index 2. The detonator then sends a configuration command carrying parameter index 2 to the electronic detonator using the default base parameters. After receiving the index, the electronic detonator queries its locally stored communication parameter configuration table to obtain parameter values ​​consistent with the detonation controller's decision. It then configures the demodulation frequency and the integration time of the matched filter at its receiving front end, i.e., the symbol width 1 / R. b0 It then returns an acknowledgment signal.

[0022] After the parameters are configured, the detonation controller uses the determined f0 and R b0 A preamble training sequence is sent, and the controller internally generates a digital synchronization header sequence using a 7-bit Barker code (+++--+-). This sequence possesses strong autocorrelation characteristics, ensuring a sharp correlation peak is generated at the receiver. According to R... b0 The defined symbol period converts the above digital sequence into a baseband voltage waveform. A high level represents logic 1, and a low level represents logic 0. Then, a sine wave with frequency f0 is used as the carrier for amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation to generate a modulated analog signal, which is then sent to the digital bus via the bus driver circuit. Wherein, R... b0 The bandwidth of the modulated signal is determined by f0, and the center frequency of the signal is determined by f0. For the electronic detonator receiver, since the receiver front-end configuration was completed during the parameter configuration phase, the demodulation frequency is set to f0, and the integration time is set to 1 / R. b0Its matched filter can directly perform sliding correlation operations on the received signal. When the Barker code in the signal aligns with the filter coefficients, the filter outputs a sharp autocorrelation peak. When the electronic detonator detects that this peak exceeds a preset threshold, it determines that the synchronization header has been successfully captured. Using this peak as a time reference, the electronic detonator performs the following two levels of synchronization operations: bit synchronization, where the electronic detonator uses the time of the autocorrelation peak as a time reference and adjusts the bit rate according to a pre-configured baud rate R. b0 The bit period is determined by using an internal timer to step through the bit period, thereby locking in the optimal sampling time for each subsequent data bit to ensure that level decision is made at the moment when the signal is most stable. For frame synchronization, the electronic detonator marks the moment when the autocorrelation peak occurs as the start boundary of the data frame, thereby determining the specific position of subsequent data bits, such as the device identification code and clock deviation data, in the bit stream. After completing the above synchronization, the electronic detonator measures the time difference between the received synchronization header edge and its own local clock count to obtain the initial clock deviation Δt0. Subsequently, the electronic detonator encapsulates the measured Δt0 and its own device identification code and other information into a synchronization confirmation frame, which is then transmitted back to the detonation controller via the digital bus.

[0023] The detonation controller receives the synchronization confirmation frame returned by the electronic detonator, parses the initial clock deviation Δt0 from it, and stores it in the parameter register. During this process, the detonation controller uses the known code pattern of the frame header sequence to perform correlation detection or edge matching on the received signal, determining the arrival time of the frame header and achieving preliminary alignment with the electronic detonator's transmission timing. While receiving the synchronization confirmation frame from the electronic detonator, the detonation controller uses its internal high-precision analog-to-digital converter to continuously sample the current response signal on the digital bus, acquiring the raw amplitude data reflecting the actual transmission distortion of the signal. Since the frame header of the synchronization confirmation frame, such as the start flag or preamble, is a fixed code pattern pre-agreed and known by both the detonation controller and the electronic detonator, the detonation controller can accurately determine the expected logic value (0 or 1) of each bit in the frame header. Simultaneously, according to the Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation rule, there is a definite mapping relationship between the digital signal and the analog waveform; that is, a high level of the baseband signal represents logic 1 corresponding to a high amplitude state of the modulated signal, and a low level of the baseband signal represents logic 0 corresponding to a low amplitude or zero amplitude state of the modulated signal. Therefore, the detonation controller can predict the theoretical amplitude state of the received signal at each moment based on the known frame header bit sequence. When the electronic detonator sends back the synchronization confirmation frame, it has already transmitted data according to its completed bit synchronization timing. During the reception of the synchronization confirmation frame, the detonation controller, based on the baud rate R agreed upon in the communication protocol... b0 The arrival time of the initial alignment is determined by using the correlation characteristics of the frame header sequence or edge transitions for time alignment, which can then determine the optimal sampling time for each bit, usually the middle position of each bit period.

[0024] Based on the above conditions, the detonation controller performs the following amplitude classification acquisition: When processing a bit in the frame header that is expected to be logic 0, the current amplitude is acquired at the optimal sampling time for that bit, and this amplitude is stored as a sample in the logic 0 sample set, i.e., the set of amplitude sample values ​​for all logic 0 bits; when processing a bit in the frame header that is expected to be logic 1, the current amplitude is acquired at the optimal sampling time for that bit, and this amplitude is stored as a sample in the logic 1 sample set, i.e., the set of amplitude sample values ​​for all logic 1 bits. Sufficient samples can usually be obtained by using the frame header of a single synchronization confirmation frame, which typically contains tens of bits; multiple measurements can further accumulate samples. The detonation controller performs statistical analysis on the logic 0 sample set and the logic 1 sample set separately, such as histogram statistics, generating two steady-state amplitude distribution probability density curves. An adaptive statistical analysis algorithm, such as K-means clustering, is used to calculate the trough position between the two curves; the amplitude corresponding to this trough position is the initial sampling decision threshold V. th0 This threshold is statistically effective at distinguishing between logic 0 and logic 1, thereby minimizing the decoding error rate. The detonation controller configures the following parameters as the current communication parameters to establish the initial communication logic link, including the initial carrier frequency value f0 and the initial upper limit of the baseband signal baud rate R. b0 Initial clock deviation Δt0 and initial sampling decision threshold V th0 At this point, a connection is established between the detonation controller and the electronic detonator based on the physical layer parameters (f0, R). b0 ), timing synchronization (Δt0) and signal decision (V) th0 The initial communication logic link has been preliminarily optimized in all three dimensions.

[0025] S2: Based on the established initial communication link, the detonation controller periodically sends probe frames embedded with known check codes to the electronic detonator using the currently effective communication parameter group, and receives loopback frames returned by the electronic detonator; it parses the loopback frames and extracts link quality indicators, which include at least bus physical status indicators, eye diagram opening indicators, and timing jitter indicators; it performs trigger determination based on the link quality indicators, and when the preset trigger conditions are met, it performs dynamic communication parameter adjustment vector construction; otherwise, it maintains the currently effective communication parameter group, which is initially the initial effective communication parameter group.

[0026] Furthermore, based on the link quality indicators, a trigger determination is performed. When a preset trigger condition is met, a dynamic communication parameter adjustment vector is constructed, including: The detonation controller performs the following steps according to the currently effective communication parameter group, which is initially the initial effective communication parameter group; The detonation controller uses the carrier frequency and communication baud rate in the currently effective communication parameter group to send a probe frame to the electronic detonator and records the sending time. The probe frame carries a known check code sequence of preset length, which is used to trigger the electronic detonator to record the current receiving time as the electronic detonator timestamp after successful decoding. The known check code sequence and the electronic detonator timestamp are then transparently encapsulated into a loopback frame and transmitted back. The detonation controller receives the loopback frame, parses it to obtain the timestamp of the electronic detonator, and records the time when the detonation controller locally receives the loopback frame. Based on the received loopback frame, the detonation controller extracts bus physical status indicators, eye diagram opening indicators, and timing jitter indicators to form link quality indicators. Triggering is performed based on the eye diagram opening index, timing jitter index, and bus physical state index. A dynamic communication parameter adjustment vector is constructed when any of the following conditions are met: 1) When the eye diagram opening index is less than the preset eye diagram threshold, or the timing jitter index is greater than the preset jitter threshold, or the bus physical state index is abnormal. 2) When the eye diagram opening index is not less than the preset eye diagram threshold, and the timing jitter index is not greater than the preset jitter threshold, and the bus physical status index is normal, and the number of probe cycles since the last update of the currently effective communication parameter group reaches the preset probe cycle threshold. Otherwise, maintain the currently effective communication parameter set and continue with the link quality assessment for the next probe cycle.

[0027] Specifically, after the initial communication link is established, the detonation controller enters the periodic quality assessment phase. The detonation controller first configures the drive circuit according to the initial carrier frequency value and the initial upper limit of the baseband signal baud rate in the initial valid communication parameter set, and sends probe frames to the bus. The probe frame, in its physical layer structure, includes a preamble, frame header, payload, and parity bit. In addition to the Barker code used for synchronization, the frame header also includes a 2-bit instruction type field (e.g., 10 represents a probe frame). The payload is not random data, but rather embeds a known parity code sequence of a preset length. In this embodiment, this known parity code sequence is preferably a 127-bit m-sequence (pseudo-random binary sequence). Simultaneously, the detonation controller starts a local high-precision timer to record the time T when the probe frame transmission is completed. master_send The processing flow of the electronic detonator for the detection frame is as follows: Receiver front-end configuration and synchronous acquisition: The electronic detonator has completed the receiver front-end configuration during the initial communication logic link construction, including locking the demodulation frequency to the initial carrier frequency value f0 and setting the integration time to the initial upper limit R of the baseband signal baud rate. b0The reciprocal of the input signal. When a probe frame is received, the electronic detonator performs a sliding correlation operation on the input signal using a pre-configured matched filter. Since the electronic detonator anticipates that the frame header contains a specific Barker code sequence, the correlation output value reaches its peak when the Barker code in the input signal is perfectly aligned with the filter coefficients. The electronic detonator continuously monitors this output, and when the peak value exceeds a preset threshold, it determines that the frame synchronization header has been successfully captured. Based on this peak value, the electronic detonator determines the boundary of the data frame, i.e., the instruction type field immediately follows the synchronization header. Instruction recognition: After frame synchronization is completed, the electronic detonator reads the next two bits as the instruction type field, starting from the end of the synchronization header, according to the known frame structure. If the read code is 10, the preset probe frame identifier, the current frame is determined to be a probe frame, and the next step of processing is initiated; otherwise, it is processed according to the regular business instruction flow. Transparent transmission mode trigger: Upon recognizing a probe frame, the electronic detonator's microcontroller unit (MCU) immediately triggers the transparent transmission mode. Loopback frame encapsulation and immediate feedback allow the electronic detonator to read the load data as is and combine it with the electronic detonator timestamp generated by the local hardware timer. Tslave The probe frame is concatenated and encapsulated to form a loopback frame. The loopback frame header reuses the Barker code sequence from the probe frame, but the instruction type field is modified to an 11 loopback frame identifier. The payload consists of the original m-sequence transmitted as is and an additional timestamp field concatenated. After the loopback frame is encapsulated, the electronic detonator performs an immediate feedback. "Immediate" here means that no additional random waiting or backoff time is inserted in the protocol logic; the loopback frame is sent in the first available transmission slot after parsing the probe frame. Although there is a fixed hardware delay required for MCU processing and circuit response at the physical layer, this immediate feedback mechanism ensures the total loopback transmission delay. The fluctuation component mainly reflects the time-varying characteristics of the channel itself, such as multipath effect and jitter, rather than the uncertainty of the internal processing of the electronic detonator.

[0028] Further, bus physical status indicators include: During the process of receiving the loopback frame, the detonation controller performs bit synchronization based on the communication baud rate in the currently effective communication parameter group and uses the preset Barker code sequence in the loopback frame header to determine the optimal sampling time for each bit. At the optimal sampling time, the amplitude of the current response signal is collected. The amplitude with the expected logic value of 1 is assigned to the high-level sample set, and the amplitude with the expected logic value of 0 is assigned to the low-level sample set. The median of the two sample sets is calculated as the actual high-level steady-state value and the actual low-level steady-state value under the current communication state. Based on the difference between the actual high voltage steady-state value and the actual low voltage steady-state value, a first jump threshold and a second jump threshold are calculated according to a preset ratio, wherein the first jump threshold is close to the low voltage steady-state value and the second jump threshold is close to the high voltage steady-state value. Monitor the current response signal. When the signal amplitude crosses the first or second transition threshold between adjacent sampling points, record the corresponding transition time and extract the decaying oscillation waveform within a preset time after the transition time. Based on the jump moment and the decaying oscillation waveform, transient characteristic parameters are extracted. The transient characteristic parameters include at least one of the actual detected rise time, fall time, overshoot amplitude, and ringing frequency. The transient feature parameters are compared with their respective preset safety thresholds: If a change in signal amplitude from the first transition threshold to the second transition threshold is detected, the time difference between the two thresholds is calculated as the rise time, and the rise time is compared with the corresponding preset safety threshold. If a change in signal amplitude from the second transition threshold to the first transition threshold is detected, the time difference between the two thresholds is calculated as the fall time, and the fall time is compared with the corresponding preset safety threshold. The maximum positive deviation of the signal amplitude in the decaying oscillation waveform relative to the actual high-voltage steady-state value is detected. If the maximum positive deviation exists, it is taken as the overshoot amplitude, and the overshoot amplitude is compared with the corresponding preset safety threshold. The system detects whether there are at least two adjacent oscillation peaks in the decaying oscillation waveform. If so, it calculates the reciprocal of the time interval between the adjacent oscillation peaks as the ringing frequency and compares the ringing frequency with the corresponding preset safety threshold. If all transient characteristic parameters involved in the comparison are within the corresponding preset safety range, then the bus physical state index is marked as normal. If at least one of the transient characteristic parameters exceeds the corresponding preset safety range, the bus physical state index is marked as abnormal, and the abnormal characteristic type is marked.

[0029] Specifically, the detonator controller internally houses a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which is time-division multiplexed during communication. In this step, the detonator controller utilizes this ADC to continuously sample the bus current waveform at high speed during the reception of loopback frames. The sampling rate is set to be no less than 10 times the signal bandwidth. For example, if the baud rate is 9600Bd and the signal bandwidth is approximately 10kHz, the sampling rate should be no less than 100kHz to ensure accurate capture of the rising edge, falling edge, overshoot, ringing, and other transient details of the signal. According to the predefined current loop mapping rules of the electronic detonator communication protocol physical layer, these rules are embedded in the memory of the detonator controller and the electronic detonator during system initialization. Logic 1 corresponds to a high-level current, and logic 0 corresponds to a low-level current. This mapping rule is completely consistent with the 0-1 logic used to classify and collect amplitude samples in the initial communication logic link. In this embodiment, the nominal steady-state value of a low level is 4mA, corresponding to logic 0, and the nominal steady-state value of a high level is 20mA, corresponding to logic 1. The actual steady-state value on the bus will fluctuate around the nominal value due to factors such as line loss, contact impedance, and temperature drift. In practical applications, the detonator controller, upon receiving a known fixed code pattern, including the header of the synchronization confirmation frame or the header of the loopback frame, statistically analyzes the amplitude samples of logic 0 and logic 1, taking the median or mean as the actual steady-state reference for the current communication state. This reference is dynamically refreshed as communication parameters are updated. The dynamic measurement method of the actual steady-state reference utilizes the header of the loopback frame, a known fixed code pattern, such as Barker code +++--+-, which contains a known number of logic 0s and logic 1s. During the reception of the loopback frame, the detonator controller, according to a determined bit synchronization clock, samples the current amplitude at the optimal sampling time for each bit in the header: if the expected logic value of the bit is 0, the amplitude is stored in a temporary logic 0 sample set; if the expected logic value of the bit is 1, the amplitude is stored in a temporary logic 1 sample set. Statistical analysis is performed on the temporary sample sets, and outliers exceeding three standard deviations are removed to eliminate sudden noise interference. Actual low steady-state value V low The median of the logic 0 sample set is used; the actual high-voltage steady-state value V high Take the median from the logic 1 sample set. Calculate V. low and V high It serves as the actual steady-state benchmark for the current detection cycle and is used for subsequent calculations of the 10% and 90% thresholds.

[0030] The detonation controller first performs a moving average filter on the raw data acquired by the ADC. Then, it performs the following processing: Symbol period definition: based on a determined baseband signal baud rate R. b Calculate the symbol period T sym =1 / R bFor example, at a baud rate of 9600 Bd, the symbol period is approximately 104 μs. The detonation controller, based on the bit synchronization clock locked after calibrating the clock deviation, divides the continuous sampling sequence along the time axis into several segments of length T. sym The data segments are divided into one symbol period. Within each symbol period, avoiding the transition edge region (i.e., the beginning and end of the period), the average value of the sampling points in the middle stable region is taken. If the symbol is determined to be logic 0, its average value is included in the low-voltage steady-state value V. low The statistical set; if determined to be logic 1, then the high-voltage steady-state value V is included. high A statistical set. Based on the statistically obtained V... low and V high Calculate the 10% threshold, V 10% =V low +0.1×(V high- V low ) and 90% threshold, V 90% =V low +0.9×(V high- V low Scan the entire loopback frame's sampling sequence, when the sampled value crosses V between adjacent sampling points. 10% or V 90% When an edge transition occurs, the corresponding moment is recorded. Specifically: when the sampled value drops below V... 10% Rise above V 90% When the sampled value is higher than V, it is determined to be a rising edge; when the sampled value is higher than V, it is determined to be a rising edge. 90% Drop below V 10% When the time is t, it is determined to be a falling edge. All rising and falling edges detected in the loopback frame are statistically analyzed, and feature parameters for each edge are extracted. The average or median value is then used as the final transient feature parameters. Transient feature parameter extraction: rise time t r : During the detected rising edge, the signal is calculated from the point of crossing V 10% The moment to cross V 90% The time difference between the moments. Fall time t f : During the detected falling edge, the signal is calculated from the point of crossing V 90% The moment to cross V 10% The time difference between the points of transition. This value reflects the speed at which the signal transitions from high to low. A longer fall time indicates a higher impedance in the bus discharge circuit. Overshoot amplitude V overshoot After the rising edge ends, the peak value of the detected signal exceeds V. high The maximum amplitude. Ringing frequency f ring Before the signal stabilizes, zero-crossing detection is performed on the oscillation waveform, and the time interval T between adjacent reference points is measured. ring Ringing frequency f ring=1 / T ring After the detonation controller captures the decaying oscillation waveform within a preset duration following the transition moment, peak detection is performed on this waveform. The preset duration is set based on the symbol period of the communication system or an empirical value, such as 1 / 4 of the symbol period or fixed at 20 μs, aiming to cover the main oscillation phase after the signal transition. The detonation controller identifies at least two consecutive oscillation peaks, i.e., local maxima, in the decaying oscillation waveform. The time interval T between two adjacent oscillation peaks is measured. ring According to formula f ring =1 / T ring The ringing frequency is calculated. This ringing frequency extraction is applicable to both the oscillation waveform after the rising edge to reflect the resonant characteristics of the bus during charging and the oscillation waveform after the falling edge to reflect the resonant characteristics of the bus during discharging.

[0031] Preset safety conditions t r ≤10μs, t f ≤10μs, V overshoot ≤0.3×V high 500kHz≤f ring ≤2MHz. When a rising or falling edge transition is detected in the signal, if the calculated rise time t r >10μs or fall time t f If the signal duration is >10μs, the bus distributed capacitance is considered abnormal; when a rising edge transition is detected and overshoot occurs, if the overshoot amplitude V overshoot >0.3×V high When an impedance mismatch or poor contact is detected on the bus, it is determined that there is an impedance mismatch or poor contact. When a decaying oscillation waveform is detected after a signal transition, if the calculated ringing frequency f ring When it deviates from the 500kHz~2MHz range, i.e. f ring <500kHz or f ring >2MHz determines changes in bus resonance characteristics. Bus physical status index S phys The generation of the detonation controller will use the extracted transient characteristic parameters (t) as described above. r , t f V overshoot f ring Each parameter is compared to a preset safety threshold using binarization. If none of the parameters exceed the safety threshold, then S is determined. phys For normal logic 1, if any parameter exceeds the safety threshold, then S is determined. phys This is considered an anomaly, with a logic value of 0. In this embodiment, a veto system is used, meaning that any physical signal distortion is considered an anomaly.

[0032] Furthermore, eye diagram opening metrics and timing jitter metrics include: The eye diagram opening index is extracted as follows: The optimal sampling time determined based on bit synchronization is used as the time base, and the symbol period is determined according to the communication baud rate in the currently effective communication parameter group. From the data segment of the loopback frame, multiple consecutive bit period waveforms are extracted according to the symbol period. The optimal sampling time of each bit period waveform is aligned to the same reference time point, and all aligned waveforms are superimposed to form a synthetic eye diagram. The vertical distance between the high-level distribution region and the low-level distribution region in the synthesized eye diagram is measured and recorded as the total eye diagram amplitude; At the time position corresponding to the optimal sampling time in the synthetic eye diagram, the vertical distance between the median of all superimposed waveform amplitudes and the sampling decision threshold in the currently effective communication parameter group is measured and denoted as the eye diagram opening margin. Based on the eye diagram opening margin and the total eye diagram amplitude, the eye diagram opening index is calculated. The timing jitter metric is extracted as follows: Based on the transmission time T of the probe frame master_send The receiving time T of the loopback frame master_recv The electronic detonator timestamp T obtained from the analysis slave And the initial clock offset Δt0 in the currently effective communication parameter group, calculate the total loopback transmission delay according to the following formula. : ; The bus transmission delay fluctuation component is obtained by subtracting the pre-stored inherent static delay of the system from the total loop transmission delay. The inherent static delay of the system is used to characterize the total preset fixed time that the signal must consume for communication transmission and processing in the electronic detonator. Obtain the bus transmission delay fluctuation components corresponding to multiple consecutive detection cycles, calculate their root mean square error, and obtain the timing jitter index.

[0033] Specifically, during the reception of the loopback frame, the detonation controller first synchronously acquires the pre-agreed frame header of the loopback frame. The frame header of the loopback frame uses the same Barker code sequence as mentioned above, which has good autocorrelation characteristics. The specific process of synchronous acquisition is as follows: the detonation controller internally has a matched filter that is exactly the same as the Barker code sequence in the frame header. After the received signal enters the matched filter, the filter operates according to a known symbol period T. s =1 / R bSliding correlation is performed. The correlation output reaches its peak value when the Barker code in the input signal is perfectly aligned with the filter coefficients. The detonation controller continuously monitors this output, and when the peak value exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined to be the end of the frame header. Based on this peak value and the known symbol period Ts, the detonation controller calculates the starting boundary of each bit period and determines the optimal sampling time for each bit, typically the middle position of each bit period, denoted as j. opt To avoid unstable amplitude regions at signal transition edges, the detonation controller uses the determined optimal sampling time as the sampling point, triggering the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to sample at this time in each bit cycle to obtain the instantaneous amplitude of the bus current. Simultaneously, it uses the sampling decision threshold V from the currently valid communication parameter set. th As a criterion for amplitude determination: when the sampled amplitude is greater than V th When the sampling amplitude is less than V, the bit is determined to be logic 1; when the sampling amplitude is less than V, the bit is determined to be logic 1. th When the time is right, the bit is determined to be logic 0. The detonation controller uses a sliding window mechanism to superimpose the waveform: for each received bit, the detonation controller extends forward and backward by half a symbol period, centered on the optimal sampling time of that bit, to extract a continuous sequence of sampling points covering the entire bit period, forming the waveform vector w of that bit. i =[s1, s2, ..., s L ], where L is the number of sampling points per bit period. Align all bit waveforms to a uniform time axis according to the start boundary of the bit period, such that the first sampling point of each waveform corresponds to the start time of the bit, and the last sampling point corresponds to the end time of the bit. The detonation controller maintains a fixed-length M, e.g., M=100, first-in-first-out queue, storing the waveform vectors of the most recent M bits. For all M bit waveforms in the queue, at each sampling position j (j=1, 2, ..., L), collect the amplitude sampling points {s} of all waveforms at that position. j (1), s j (2), ..., s j (M)} forms the amplitude distribution at that sampling location.

[0034] Based on the dynamically updated amplitude distribution described above, the detonation controller calculates the following parameters in real time during each sampling period: total eye diagram amplitude A total At the optimal sampling time j opt At this location, calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of all sampled points; eye diagram opening margin A. margin At the optimal sampling time j opt At that location, calculate the center point of the amplitude distribution, such as by taking the median and the decision threshold V. th The vertical distance between them. Eye opening index E calculation. eye =A margin / Atotal 。The value range of this index is from 0 to 1. After normalization, the influence of the absolute amplitude of the signal is eliminated, and it directly characterizes the anti-noise interference ability of the signal amplitude. Before the sliding window is filled, that is, when the number of bits k collected < M, the detonator controller calculates the eye diagram index based on the existing k-bit waveform and uses the current window filling rate as a reference for the index confidence level: , skip the comparison step of E eye with the threshold value, , and the system starts the comparison logic.

[0035] The detonator controller analyzes and obtains the electronic detonator timestamp T carried in the loopback frame slave , and records the reception time T when the detonator controller locally receives the loopback frame master_recv . The detonator controller combines the transmission time T of the detection frame master_send , the electronic detonator timestamp T slave and the initial clock deviation Δt0 to calculate the calibrated total loopback transmission delay: , where (T slave- Δt0) represents the equivalent transmission time after converting the local clock of the electronic detonator to the clock reference of the detonator controller, thus eliminating the measurement error caused by the asynchronous master-slave clocks. The detonator controller subtracts the system inherent static delay from the calibrated , is the sum of the internal circuit processing delay of the detonator controller calibrated at the factory, the internal response delay of the electronic detonator, and the theoretical physical delay of the bus signal propagation. The system inherent static delay is a pre-stored reference constant. This parameter is used to characterize the total fixed time that must be consumed for the signal to be transmitted and processed in the detonator control system under ideal working conditions. The system inherent static delay The delay is the sum of the following three parts: 1. Internal circuit processing delay of the detonator: This refers to the time delay caused by the transmission of signals through the logic circuits, drive circuits, and interface circuits within the detonator. This delay is mainly determined by the hardware circuit characteristics of the controller, such as PCB trace length and logic gate delay, and is a fixed value after the equipment is finalized. 2. Internal response delay of the electronic detonator: This refers to the fixed processing time introduced by the electronic detonator's internal integrated circuit for decoding, authentication, and charging operations after receiving the command. This delay is determined by the hardware design of the electronic detonator and is an inherent constant of the equipment. 3. Theoretical physical delay of bus signal propagation: This refers to the delay caused by the propagation of electrical signals in the physical medium of the bus. Since the actual bus length laid on-site cannot be predicted at the factory, in this embodiment, this delay is a theoretical value calculated based on the system's rated bus length. The system's rated bus length refers to the maximum supported bus length that the system can stably operate, as specified in the detonation control system design specifications, such as the maximum communication distance specified by the bus protocol standard. The theoretical physical delay calculated based on the system's rated bus length constitutes the baseline upper limit of the system delay budget. Although the actual bus length in the field may be shorter than the rated length, resulting in a slightly larger deducted delay value than the actual value, this will only cause a fixed negative offset in the calculated fluctuation component and will not affect subsequent statistical analysis of the fluctuation component, such as the calculation of the mean square error, thus ensuring the accuracy of timing jitter detection. (System inherent static delay) Before the equipment leaves the factory, the calibration process under standard testing conditions is used to determine the system parameters, which are then burned into the non-volatile memory of the detonation controller. During actual detection, the total loopback propagation delay of the detonation controller after calibration is... Deducting from This allows for the extraction of dynamic fluctuation components influenced by environmental factors such as electromagnetic interference and changes in contact resistance, providing a basis for subsequent fault diagnosis. The bus transmission delay fluctuation component from a single measurement is obtained. This fluctuation component mainly reflects random timing jitter caused by factors such as bus impedance mismatch and external electromagnetic interference. The detonation controller maintains a sliding window of length N for the time delay fluctuation and uses a hierarchical statistical strategy to process it. The sequence. The window length N is independent of the sliding window length M of the eye diagram indicator and can be configured separately according to their respective statistical characteristics. N=10. When the number of effective samples < N, the current fluctuation component is directly monitored. If the absolute safety threshold (e.g., 10 μs) is exceeded, the system immediately triggers a fatal fault alarm without waiting for the window to fill. When the number of valid samples is ≥ N, the mean square error of the N fluctuation component samples within the window is calculated as the timing jitter index. The detection period refers to the time interval between two consecutive detection frames sent by the detonation controller. Within each detection period, the detonation controller performs the following operations: sending detection frames, receiving loopback frames, extracting transient features, calculating eye diagram indices, updating timing jitter statistics, and executing trigger determination.

[0036] During the initial stage of communication link establishment, the system continuously monitors multiple detection cycles, such as 10 cycles, and records the maximum value E of the eye opening index. base The minimum value J of the timing jitter index base This serves as the initial historical best benchmark. Based on the currently stored historical best benchmark, the system calculates the decision threshold in real time. The eye diagram decision threshold is: Th eye =k1×E base Where k1 is the attenuation coefficient, to avoid triggering adjustments only after link quality deteriorates due to excessively low judgment criteria, k1 is preferably set to 0.8–0.9, that is, optimization is triggered when the eye diagram height decreases by 10%–20% from the historical best value; jitter judgment threshold, Th jitter =k2×J base Where k2 is the amplification factor, and in this embodiment, k2 is taken as 1.5~2.0. When the real-time monitored E... eye <Th eye When the eye diagram closure is deemed too large, parameter adjustments are triggered; when the real-time monitored J... timing >Th jitter When timing jitter exceeds the limit, parameter adjustments are triggered. A one-way update strategy is adopted: eye diagram baseline update: only when the real-time monitored E eye >E base +Δ hys Update E at that time base =E eye , where Δ hys A preset hysteresis margin, such as 0.05V (5% of the nominal amplitude), is used to prevent frequent jumps near the reference value. Jitter reference update: Only when the real-time monitored J... timing <J base- Δ hys_j Update J at that time base =J timing , where Δ hys_j The preset hysteresis margin is, for example, 0.02 μs. When the trigger parameter adjustment conditions are met, the system enters the process of constructing a dynamic communication parameter adjustment vector. The detonation controller determines the detonation based on the eye opening index E. eye Timing jitter index J timing and bus physical status value Sphys Execution trigger judgment: Condition 1: If E eye Below the preset quality threshold or J timing Higher than the preset jitter threshold or S phys If an abnormality is detected, communication quality is determined to be degraded, and the construction of a dynamic communication parameter adjustment vector is immediately triggered. Condition 2: If all indicators meet the requirements and the number of probe cycles since the last parameter adjustment reaches the preset probe cycle threshold P, the construction of a dynamic communication parameter adjustment vector is triggered. Otherwise: the currently valid communication parameters are maintained, and the link quality assessment for the next probe cycle is continued.

[0037] The detonation controller dynamically selects an inference strategy based on the marked state of the bus physical state index; when the bus physical state index is abnormal, it executes a preset safety adjustment strategy and outputs a forced safety adjustment value; when the bus physical state index is normal, it executes a fuzzy inference strategy and calculates and outputs an optimized adjustment value based on the membership degree of the eye diagram opening index and the timing jitter index; finally, it generates a three-dimensional adjustment vector containing carrier frequency offset, baud rate adjustment coefficient, and sampling decision threshold correction value.

[0038] Furthermore, a communication parameter adjustment vector is constructed, including: Based on the acquired eye diagram opening index and temporal jitter index; the membership degree of the eye diagram opening index to three fuzzy subsets is calculated using a membership function, the three fuzzy subsets being: insufficient opening, moderate opening, and good opening; the membership degree of the temporal jitter index to three fuzzy subsets is calculated using a membership function, the three fuzzy subsets being: slight jitter, moderate jitter, and severe jitter; Based on the marked state of the bus physical state indicators, a reasoning strategy is dynamically selected: When the bus physical status indicator is marked as abnormal, strategy one and masking strategy two are executed. Based on the marked abnormal characteristics, a preset safety adjustment value is output, where: If the ringing frequency deviates from its preset safety range, the preset maximum carrier frequency offset and non-positive baud rate adjustment coefficient are forcibly output, and the final output sampling decision correction value is set to 0, generating a three-dimensional adjustment vector for executing strategy one. If the rise time or fall time exceeds its preset safety range, or the overshoot amplitude exceeds its preset safety range, then a significantly reduced baud rate adjustment coefficient will be forcibly output, and the final output carrier frequency offset and sampling decision correction value will be set to 0, generating a three-dimensional adjustment vector for executing strategy one. When the bus physical status indicator is marked as normal, execute strategy two: Based on the membership degrees of the eye opening index and the time-series jitter index, calculate the final baud rate adjustment coefficient and sampling decision correction value: Calculate the weight coefficients of each strategy, λ1=μ t-severe , λ2=min(μ eye - small ,1-μ t-severe ), λ3=min(μ eye - good μ t-slight ), λ4=max(0,1-(λ1+λ2+λ3)), where: λ1 is the weighting coefficient that triggers the rate-down strategy, and its value is related to the membership degree μ of the jitter severity of the timing jitter index. t-severe Positive correlation; λ2 is the weighting coefficient of the trigger threshold adjustment strategy, and its value is related to the insufficient membership degree μ of the eye opening index. eye-small Positive correlation, and membership degree μ is severely affected by jitter. t-severe inhibition; λ3 is the weighting coefficient for triggering the acceleration strategy, and its value has a good membership degree μ with the eye opening index. eye-good And a slight positive correlation with the jitter index μt-slight membership; λ4 is the weight coefficient of the preservation strategy, which is used to complement λ1, λ2, and λ3 so that the sum of λ1+λ2+λ3+λ4 is greater than or equal to 1. Calculate the final output baud rate adjustment factor a b The formula is as follows: ; in, , is the baud rate reduction factor. The baud rate ramp-up factor, λ2 and λ4 correspond to baud rate adjustment factors of 1.0; Calculate the final output sampling decision correction value ΔV th The formula is as follows: ; in, V th-current The sampling decision threshold in the currently effective communication parameter group contributes 0 to the sampling decision correction value when the rate-down strategy, rate-up strategy, and hold strategy are triggered. The calculated baud rate adjustment coefficient and sampling decision correction value are used as the final output, and the carrier frequency offset of the final output is also used. Set to 0 to generate the three-dimensional adjustment vector for execution strategy two.

[0039] Specifically, after completing the quantitative quality assessment, the detonation controller obtains the eye opening index E. eye Timing jitter index J timing and bus physical status indicators Sphys This step, based on fuzzy logic control theory, integrates these indicators into a unified adjustment vector to guide the dynamic optimization of communication parameters.

[0040] First, the eye opening index E eye And timing jitter index J timing The input values ​​are converted into fuzzy subset membership degrees. This embodiment uses a triangular membership function, the general form of which is: ; Where μ(x) is the membership degree, a is the left boundary, b is the center point, c is the right boundary, and x is the input value. Eye opening index E eye The value range is from 0 to 1. The eye diagram opening index is fuzzified and divided into three fuzzy subsets. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1. Table 1

[0041] Timing jitter is fuzzified because different baud rates correspond to different symbol periods (Ts), and the system's tolerance for timing jitter should also change accordingly. That is, the higher the baud rate, the shorter the symbol period, and the smaller the allowable absolute jitter time. To achieve adaptive matching for different communication rates, this embodiment does not use fixed boundary parameters, but instead defines the boundary parameters of the membership function as a dynamic proportional value of the symbol period (Ts). The detonation controller determines the timing jitter based on the current communication baud rate R. b Real-time computation symbol period Ts=1 / R b The boundary parameters of the fuzzy subset are determined based on a preset scaling factor, as shown in Table 2. Table 2

[0042] To obtain the current eye opening index E eye And timing jitter index J timing After obtaining the measured values, the membership degree of each measured value belonging to the corresponding fuzzy subset is calculated by substituting the parameters defined in the table above into the membership function formula.

[0043] This step maps the transient response characteristics of the bus physical layer to communication control parameters using a hardware-in-the-loop approach. The physical layer security interlock mechanism ensures that when the bus physical status index S... phys When an anomaly occurs, it indicates that an irreversible change in the impedance or resonance characteristics of the channel's physical environment has taken place. At this point, the system triggers a hardware safety interlock, blocking the control path: all rules in the rule base that adjust the baud rate upwards are temporarily blocked, and the baud rate adjustment coefficient is reset. Restricted to forced assignment Within the range of 0.8 to 1.0, this step aims to provide basic time redundancy for deteriorated signal waveforms by increasing the symbol period, preventing bit errors caused by slowed physical layer response. The system further identifies anomaly types and performs spectrum avoidance control: targeted avoidance of resonance characteristic anomalies, such as ringing frequency f... ring If the frequency deviates from the preset range, the preset maximum carrier frequency offset Δf = Δf will be forcibly output based on public defense. max , △f max The value range is 10%~30% of the current carrier frequency, with a preferred value of 20%. Resonance will disrupt the amplitude stability of the signal, and simply reducing the speed cannot eliminate the resonance point. Forced frequency switching can actively jump out of the current resonance frequency point, avoiding risks in the frequency domain. If the rise time t r descent time t f Exceeding the threshold, i.e., abnormal capacitance, or overshoot amplitude V overshoot Exceeding the threshold indicates impedance mismatch. Strictly enforce the baud rate degradation strategy, forcing α... b =0.8 or lower, and selectively fine-tune the carrier frequency offset Δf=0 or make small adjustments. This type of fault mainly causes waveform distortion in the time domain, i.e., slowed edges or oscillations. Forced large-scale deceleration can significantly increase the signal stabilization time window, ensuring that sampling and decision are made only after the waveform is completely stable, thereby tolerating physical layer defects. In actual blasting engineering or industrial communication scenarios, the bus physical environment may be extremely complex. Affected by factors such as electromagnetic interference and line impedance mismatch, the bus may simultaneously experience multiple physical state anomalies, such as both ringing frequency deviation and excessive rise time or overshoot amplitude. For this concurrent anomaly situation, this embodiment adopts a priority-based sequential judgment logic: when the detonation controller executes strategy one, the priority of checking for ringing frequency anomalies is higher than that of time domain parameters. When the system simultaneously detects that the ringing frequency deviates from the preset range, and the rise time, fall time, or overshoot amplitude exceeds the threshold, the controller will respond to the ringing frequency anomaly first, directly execute the corresponding adjustment strategy, generate the corresponding three-dimensional adjustment vector, and end the judgment process of strategy one.

[0044] When the bus physical status indicator S phys When the system is in normal operation, it enters parameter optimization mode. This embodiment constructs a multi-dimensional fuzzy inference rule base based on eye diagram opening index and timing jitter index. First, the membership degree of the input variable to each fuzzy subset is calculated. Then, the corresponding fuzzy rules are activated, and the independent output of each rule is calculated through a linear mapping function. Finally, the precise control parameters are obtained through weighted average defuzzification. Specifically, as follows: Rule 1, Inter-symbol interference suppression mechanism: When J timing Belongs to the violently jittered subset, i.e., μ t-severe If the value is greater than 0, then the output baud rate adjustment factor (a) will be reduced. b<1). The design principle of this rule is: severe timing jitter indicates severe inter-symbol interference (ISI), and reducing the baud rate can increase the symbol period and reduce the impact of ISI. This embodiment uses a linear mapping, α b =0.8-0.3μ t-severe , △V th And Δf is zero, so no adjustment is made, where μ t-severe For J timing The membership degree of a subset with severe shaking, when μ t-severe When α = 0.5, b =0.65, when μ t-severe When α = 1.0, b =0.5. The higher the membership degree, the greater the rate of decrease. Rule 2, amplitude attenuation compensation mechanism: when E eye Belongs to a subset with insufficient openness, i.e., μ eye - small >0 and J timing Belongs to the non-jittery subset, i.e., μ t-severe If = 0, then output a positive sampling decision threshold correction value, ΔV. th >0. The design principle of this rule is: insufficient eye opening means insufficient signal amplitude attenuation or insufficient noise margin; increasing the sampling decision threshold can improve decision redundancy. This embodiment uses a linear mapping: ΔV th =V th-current ×(0.05+0.10×μ eye - small ), a b =1, Δf is zero, α b Neither V nor Δf is adjusted, where V th μ is the current sampling decision threshold. eye - small For E eye Membership degree of subsets with insufficient span. The domain of this mapping function is μ. eye - small ∈[0,1],μ eye - small When μ = 0, the rule is not activated and outputs 0; when μ eye - small =1 corresponds to the extreme case of the most severe amplitude attenuation. In actual activation, the output value continuously varies between 5% and 15%. Rule 3, Channel Capacity Uptesting Mechanism: When E eye Belongs to a well-spread subset, i.e., μ eye - good >0 and J timing Belongs to the jittery slight subset, i.e., μ t-slight If > 0, then the output baud rate adjustment factor (α) that allows upward probing is enabled. b>1). The design principle of this rule is: when the communication quality is significantly better than the requirements of the current parameters, the baud rate can be increased to improve communication efficiency. This embodiment uses a linear mapping to generate α. b α b =1.1+0.4×min(μ eye - good μ t-slight If the quality deteriorates after the trial, the subsequent rollback mechanism will restore the parameters. Rule 4, parameter retention mechanism: In other cases, the output retains the adjustment coefficient {α} of the current parameters. b =1, Δf=0, ΔV th =0}.

[0045] In summary, the first step is to determine the bus physical status indicator S. phys The allocation of control is determined based on its state: 1) When S phys In case of an anomaly, the system determines that the channel is in survival mode and directly outputs a defensive control vector: First, it executes the common defense strategy: block all baud rates and adjust 'a' upwards. b The rule is >1; the baud rate adjustment factor is controlled within... Within this range, 0.8 to 1.0 is preferred. Based on this, a type casting response is performed according to the anomaly type: In f ring When the frequency deviates from the preset range, the preset maximum carrier frequency offset is forcibly output, Δf = Δf. max , △f max The value range is 10% to 30% of the current carrier frequency, with a preferred value of 20%. b Maintain within the range of 0.8 to 1.0; at t r t f Exceeding the threshold or V overshoot When the threshold is exceeded, force α b If the value is 0.8 or lower, Δf remains unchanged. Sampling decision threshold correction value ΔV th If the physical layer remains unchanged, the anomaly is a serious fault and should be addressed at the frequency or time domain level. Adjusting the decision threshold is a fine-tuning method, which is ineffective in this scenario and may even introduce new risks of misjudgment.

[0046] 2) In S phys Normally, each rule has calculated independent parameter suggestions based on the membership degree of the input. Since multiple rules may be partially active simultaneously during fuzzy control, this embodiment uses a weighted average method to fuse the outputs of each rule. First, the system calculates the influence weight λ of each rule on the final result based on the membership degree of the fuzzy subset. i Rule 1, λ1 = μ severe Rule 2, λ² = min(μ) small ,1-μsevere ), here we introduce (1-μ severe ) factor, to ensure that the weight of the amplitude compensation rule is suppressed when jitter is severe; Rule 3, λ3=min(μ eye - good μ t-slight ); Rule 4, λ4=max(0, 1-(λ1+λ2+λ3)); Calculate the final baud rate adjustment factor α b This is a weighted average of the output values ​​of each rule: ; in, The independent output of rule 1 The independent output of rule 3, 1.0 is the preservation coefficient for rules 2 and 4.

[0047] Similarly, the weighted average algorithm is used to calculate the final sampling decision correction value ΔV. th The formula is as follows: ; in, For rule 2, according to the formula △V th =V th-current ×(0.05+0.10×μ eye - small The threshold adjustment is calculated as follows: When calculating the sampling decision correction value, the threshold adjustment is triggered only when the fuzzy inference result is insufficient opening, corresponding to the weight λ2. The threshold correction contributions for other strategies such as deceleration, acceleration, and maintenance are all 0. The formula still uses a weighted average form in order to smooth and normalize the threshold correction value according to the proportion of λ2 in the current total weight, so as to avoid the interference of threshold abrupt changes on communication sampling.

[0048] The detonation controller will use the inferred carrier frequency offset Δf and baud rate adjustment coefficient a b Sampling decision threshold correction value △V th Combine to generate a three-dimensional adjustment vector. When the bus physical status indicator is abnormal, Δf and a b Assigning values ​​according to the forced strategy of the physical anomaly blocking mode, △V th Keep it at zero; when the bus physical status indicator is normal, a b and △V th The weighted average fusion calculation shows that Δf is zero. The adjusted vector updates the currently active communication parameter group, and the updated carrier frequency is f. new =f current +Δf, R b-new =R b-current ×a b Vth-new =V th-current +△V th The initial clock offset Δt0 remains constant during the iteration process. The impedance-parameter mapping table provides an initial safety baseline for the communication link. Because the initial upper limit is lower than the maximum available baud rate when constructing the mapping table, the communication quality is often better than the current parameter requirements when the system first establishes a connection, i.e., E eye Larger, J timing The performance redundancy design provides ample room for adjustment in subsequent fuzzy optimization modes, enabling the effective activation of Rule 3, the channel capacity upward probing mechanism, thereby gradually tapping the channel's maximum transmission potential while ensuring connection reliability.

[0049] S3: Based on the three-dimensional adjustment vector, the communication parameters between the detonation controller and the electronic detonator are updated synchronously, and the updated communication parameters are atomically switched within a preset synchronization time window.

[0050] S4: After completing the parameter switching, the detonation controller executes the parameter convergence verification process: The detonation controller performs a link quality check using the currently active communication parameter group, obtains updated link quality indicators, and determines whether the link quality indicators meet the preset convergence conditions. If the convergence condition is met, the iteration is terminated and the currently effective communication parameters are fixed for use in subsequent periodic link detection. If the convergence condition is not met and the maximum number of iterations has not been reached, a trigger judgment step will be executed based on the updated link quality indicators to carry out the next round of iteration adjustment; If the maximum number of iterations has been reached and the communication parameters have not yet converged, the iteration will be terminated and an anomaly warning will be triggered.

[0051] Furthermore, based on the three-dimensional adjustment vector, the communication parameters between the detonation controller and the electronic detonator are synchronously updated, and the system atomically switches to the updated communication parameters within a preset synchronization time window, including: The detonation controller adjusts the three-dimensional vector accordingly. Update the dynamically adjusted parameters in the currently effective communication parameter group, keeping the initial clock offset unchanged. The updated carrier frequency is f. new =f current +Δf, the updated communication baud rate is R b-new =R b-current ×a b The updated sampling decision threshold is V th-new =V th-current +△V th , where f current R b-new V th-newFor the currently effective communication parameter group, dynamically adjust the parameters; The detonation controller encapsulates the updated carrier frequency, communication baud rate, and sampling decision threshold into parameter update instructions and sends them to the electronic detonator; The detonation controller and electronic detonator respond to the parameter update command, lock a preset synchronization time window, and when the synchronization time window is reached, synchronously and atomically switch the current communication parameters to the updated carrier frequency, communication baud rate and sampling decision threshold. After completing the synchronization update, the detonation controller sends the first round of handshake detection command to the electronic detonator and waits to receive the first round of handshake confirmation frame returned by the electronic detonator. After successfully receiving the first handshake confirmation frame, the detonation controller performs a link quality check using the updated currently effective communication parameter group, and re-acquires the updated eye diagram opening index, timing jitter index, and bus physical status index to obtain the updated link quality index. First, check the updated bus physical status indicators. If they are abnormal, then trigger strategy one. If the updated bus physical status index is normal, then the updated eye diagram opening index and timing jitter index are compared with the preset convergence threshold group, which includes the eye diagram opening target threshold and the timing jitter target threshold. The communication parameters are considered to have converged if and only if the updated eye opening index is not lower than the target threshold for eye opening and the updated timing jitter index is not higher than the target threshold for timing jitter. The iteration is then terminated and the updated and currently effective communication parameter group is solidified for use by the detonation controller in subsequent periodic link detection. If the comparison result does not meet the above convergence condition, and the current iteration number has not reached the maximum iteration number, then the updated link quality index will be used as input to return to the execution trigger judgment step for the next round of iteration adjustment; If the maximum number of iterations has been reached and the communication parameters have not yet converged, the iteration will be terminated, the currently effective communication parameter group will be fixed as the backup communication parameters, and an anomaly warning will be triggered.

[0052] Specifically, the detonator encapsulates the updated communication parameters into a parameter update command frame and sends it to the electronic detonator. This command frame includes a synchronization header, device address, parameter type identifier, parameter value, and a verification field. After receiving and verifying the parameter update, the electronic detonator enters the parameter update preparation state and returns a parameter update confirmation frame. Upon receiving the confirmation frame, the detonator, within a preset time window T... sync The internal transceiver unit updates its own physical layer communication parameters to the target value and sends a synchronization commit command to the electronic detonator. Upon receiving this command, the electronic detonator, within the same time window T... syncThe physical layer parameters are updated atomically at the boundary, thereby achieving synchronous switching of communication parameters between the two parties.

[0053] The acquired metrics and the preset high-quality communication interval threshold group Comparison: , S phys (k+1)=1, physical state is normal. The target thresholds for eye diagram opening and timing jitter can be preset according to the specifications of the actual communication protocol or the physical characteristics of the bus link. The preset triggering condition in this application aims to determine whether the link quality has deteriorated to the warning line requiring optimization; while the preset convergence condition aims to determine whether the optimized link quality has reached the target line for terminating iteration. Typically, the convergence condition standard is stricter than the triggering condition, with a certain quality margin reserved between the two to avoid frequent oscillations of communication parameters under critical conditions. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the target thresholds for eye diagram opening and timing jitter can be set as follows: Target threshold for eye diagram opening: set to not less than 60% to 70% of the nominal amplitude of the communication signal. For example, in a system with a nominal bus voltage amplitude of 5V, the convergence target for the vertical eye diagram opening height can be set to ≥3V; Target threshold for timing jitter: set to not more than 30% to 40% of a single symbol period. For example, when the communication baud rate is 19200bps, a single UI is approximately 52μs, and the convergence target for timing jitter can be set to ≤15μs. If all the above conditions are met, it is determined that the communication parameters have converged to a high-quality communication range, the iterative adjustment is terminated, and the current communication parameter set is solidified for subsequent daily periodic link detection; if the above conditions are not met, the detonation controller further determines the current bus physical state and the number of iterations: if an abnormal bus physical state is detected, the current convergence determination is immediately terminated, and Strategy 1 is directly triggered; if no abnormal bus physical state is detected, and the current iteration number has not reached the maximum iteration number k+1, the detonation controller further determines the convergence. <K max Based on the updated link quality metrics already acquired, the process directly returns to the trigger determination step in step S2 to determine whether a new communication parameter adjustment vector needs to be constructed. If the maximum number of iterations K is reached... max If convergence is still not achieved, the iteration is terminated, the last adjusted communication parameter set is output, and a warning flag is triggered to indicate that there may be an unrecoverable anomaly in the bus physical link.

[0054] During the iterative adjustment process, the detonation controller adopts differentiated treatment based on the type of deterioration: physical anomalies are immediately blocked, and if S is detected... phys =0, physical state abnormality, the detonation controller immediately terminates the current optimization iteration and forces a jump to physical abnormality blocking mode, forcibly switching frequencies or reducing speed to ensure link safety.

[0055] Furthermore, it also includes silent protection against parameter changes and an exception rollback mechanism: The silent protection mechanism includes: Define a parameter change time window, the starting point of which is the moment when the detonation controller generates the three-dimensional adjustment vector, and the ending point is the moment when the detonation controller and the electronic detonator complete the parameter synchronization update, and the parameter change time window includes the synchronization time window. During the parameter change time window, the detonation controller forcibly prohibits the transmission of any detonation command codes on the bus; The start and end boundaries of the parameter change time window are hard-synchronized by a hardware trigger signal to ensure that the parameter update process and the detonation command sending process are strictly mutually exclusive on the time axis. Abnormal rollback mechanisms include: Before performing a synchronous update of communication parameters, the detonation controller and the electronic detonator respectively store the currently effective communication parameter set in a non-volatile register as a safety reference parameter set; If, within the preset verification window after parameter updates, the detonation controller detects that the communication error rate exceeds the preset safety threshold, or fails to receive the first-round handshake confirmation frame returned by the electronic detonator, the detonation controller immediately issues a rollback command. The detonation controller and the electronic detonator atomically revert to the safety reference parameter set and trigger a safety lockout mode, prohibiting the execution of any detonation command until external reset. The start time of the preset verification window is the end time of the synchronization time window, and the end time of the preset verification window is the moment when the first-round handshake confirmation frame is received and the communication error rate is lower than the preset safety threshold, or the moment when a preset duration is reached.

[0056] Specifically, this embodiment further incorporates a safety reference storage and parameter rollback protection mechanism. Before performing communication parameter synchronization updates, the detonator writes the currently effective communication parameter set into its internal non-volatile register as the safety reference parameter set on the detonator side; simultaneously, it sends a reference storage instruction to the electronic detonator. Upon receiving this instruction, each electronic detonator writes its own currently effective communication parameter set into its respective non-volatile register as the safety reference parameter set on the electronic detonator side. The detonator encapsulates the adjustment vector into a parameter update instruction and sends it to the target electronic detonator. After both parties complete the handshake confirmation, a preset synchronization time window is locked, and when the window is reached, the physical layer transceiver unit is synchronously and atomically switched to the updated target value. The specific switching process employs a shadow register mechanism: the adjusted target parameters are first written into the shadow register, and when the synchronization time window boundary is reached, a hardware trigger signal loads the value of the shadow register into the current parameter register, without software intervention, ensuring the instantaneity and consistency of the switching.

[0057] After the synchronization time window ends, the preset verification window begins timing. During this period, the detonation controller listens to the bus, waiting to receive the first-round handshake confirmation frame returned by the electronic detonator using new parameters; upon receiving the confirmation frame, it immediately sends a test command with a known bit sequence and receives the returned test response frame. The detonation controller compares the received valid data bit-by-bit with the local original sequence, calculating the communication bit error rate according to the formula: Bit Error Rate = Number of bits inconsistent at the receiving end / Total number of bits in the test command. If the first-round handshake confirmation frame is successfully received within the verification window and the bit error rate is lower than the preset safety threshold, the new parameter verification is considered successful, and the system enters a new round of link quality detection process. Preferably, the safety threshold is set as follows: to This mechanism aims to quickly identify severe communication desynchronization rather than pursuing conventional high reliability, effectively avoiding occasional misjudgments caused by environmental noise. If any of the following abnormal situations occur within the verification window, the detonation controller immediately triggers a parameter rollback mechanism: Abnormal Situation 1: No first-round handshake confirmation frame is received until the preset time limit is reached. This indicates that the basic communication link under the new parameters has failed to be established. Preferably, the preset time limit is set to 50ms to 200ms. This range is sufficient to cover the complete physical processing cycle of the electronic detonator receiving the command, internal switching, and returning the confirmation frame, while also ensuring that the judgment and rollback are completed in a very short time in the event of a catastrophic failure. Abnormal Situation 2: The first-round handshake confirmation frame is received, but the calculated communication error rate exceeds the preset safety threshold. For example, if the test command contains 1000 bits and 5 bits are found to be incorrect, the error rate is... greater than the preset threshold If the parameter rollback mechanism is triggered, the detonation controller immediately issues a parameter rollback command. Upon receiving the command, each electronic detonator reads the safety reference parameter set from its non-volatile register. Both parties re-lock the synchronization time window, synchronously and atomically restoring the communication parameters to the safety reference parameter set. Subsequently, the detonation controller triggers a safety lockout mode, prohibiting the sending and execution of any detonation commands until a manual reset is performed by an external device using a dedicated tool or specific command.

[0058] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a silent protection step during dynamic adjustment is integrated to ensure that no code pattern that could be misinterpreted as detonation energy exists on the physical bus within the parameter change time window. The parameter change time window is defined as the period from when the detonator generates the adjustment vector until all electronic detonators in the network have completed parameter synchronization updates. Within this time window, the central processing unit or dedicated communication coprocessor of the detonator executes forced shielding logic, prohibiting the transmission of any detonation command code pattern to the bus via the communication interface circuit. To achieve precise synchronization, this embodiment uses a hardware trigger signal for hard synchronization: at the beginning of the parameter change time window, the detonator outputs a level-changing pulse via an independent GPIO hardware pin as a window opening signal; when the number of received parameter update confirmation frames reaches the preset total number of network detonators, the detonator determines that all electronic detonators have completed synchronization and then outputs another pulse as a window closing signal. Only when the hardware detects the window closing signal does the system release the shielding state of the detonation command. This hardware-level hard synchronization mechanism strictly isolates the parameter update process from the detonation command transmission process on the timeline, forming a physical-level mutual exclusion relationship.

[0059] Example 2, based on the same inventive concept as the electronic detonator communication control method in the foregoing examples, such as... Figure 2 As shown, this application provides an electronic detonator communication control method system, including: The initial link establishment module 10 is used by the detonator to send a low-frequency scanning signal to the communication bus, collect the current response waveform and analyze it to obtain channel characteristic parameters, and determine an initial communication parameter set including the initial value of the carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate. The detonator sends a preamble training sequence based on the initial communication parameter set and receives the response signal returned by the electronic detonator. Based on the response signal, bit synchronization and frame synchronization are completed, and the initial sampling decision threshold is determined according to its amplitude characteristics, thereby forming an initial effective communication parameter set to establish the initial communication link. The link quality monitoring and triggering module 11 is used to periodically send probe frames embedded with known check codes to the electronic detonator using the currently effective communication parameter group based on the established initial communication link, and to receive loopback frames returned by the electronic detonator; parse the loopback frames to extract link quality indicators, which include at least bus physical status indicators, eye diagram opening indicators, and timing jitter indicators; and perform trigger determination based on the link quality indicators. If the preset trigger conditions are met, a communication parameter adjustment vector is constructed; otherwise, the currently effective communication parameter group is maintained, and the currently effective communication parameter group is initially the initial effective communication parameter group. The communication parameter synchronization update module 12 is used to synchronously update the communication parameters between the detonator and the electronic detonator based on the communication parameter adjustment vector, and atomically switch to the updated communication parameters within a preset synchronization time window to obtain the updated currently effective communication parameter group. Iterative convergence control module 13 is used to execute the parameter convergence verification process of the detonation controller after the parameter switching is completed. The detonation controller performs a link quality check using the updated currently effective communication parameter set to obtain updated link quality indicators and determine whether the link quality indicators meet the preset convergence conditions. If the convergence condition is met, the iteration is terminated and the currently effective communication parameters are fixed for use in subsequent periodic link detection. If the convergence condition is not met and the maximum number of iterations has not been reached, a trigger judgment step will be executed based on the updated link quality indicators to carry out the next round of iteration adjustment; If the maximum number of iterations has been reached and the communication parameters have not yet converged, the iteration will be terminated and an anomaly warning will be triggered.

[0060] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An electronic detonator communication control method, applied to a communication bus including a detonation controller and at least one electronic detonator, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The detonation controller sends a low-frequency scanning signal to the communication bus, collects the current response waveform and analyzes it to obtain channel characteristic parameters. Based on this, it determines an initial communication parameter set including the initial value of the carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate. The detonation controller sends a preamble training sequence based on the initial communication parameter set and receives the response signal returned by the electronic detonator. Bit synchronization and frame synchronization are completed based on the response signal, and the initial sampling decision threshold is determined according to its amplitude characteristics, thereby forming an initial effective communication parameter group to establish an initial communication link; Based on the established initial communication link, the detonation controller periodically sends probe frames embedded with known checksums to the electronic detonator using the currently effective communication parameter set, and receives loopback frames returned by the electronic detonator; it parses the loopback frames to extract link quality indicators, which include at least bus physical status indicators, eye diagram opening indicators, and timing jitter indicators; based on the link quality indicators, it performs a trigger determination; if a preset trigger condition is met, it constructs a communication parameter adjustment vector; otherwise, it maintains the currently effective communication parameter set, which is initially the initial effective communication parameter set. Based on the communication parameter adjustment vector, the communication parameters between the detonation controller and the electronic detonator are synchronously updated, and the updated communication parameters are atomically switched within a preset synchronization time window to obtain the updated and currently effective communication parameter group. After completing the parameter switching, the detonation controller executes the parameter convergence verification process: The detonation controller performs a link quality check using the updated currently effective communication parameter set to obtain updated link quality indicators and determine whether the link quality indicators meet the preset convergence conditions. If the convergence condition is met, the iteration is terminated and the currently effective communication parameters are fixed for use in subsequent periodic link detection. If the convergence condition is not met and the maximum number of iterations has not been reached, a trigger judgment step will be executed based on the updated link quality indicators to carry out the next round of iteration adjustment; If the maximum number of iterations has been reached and the communication parameters have not yet converged, the iteration will be terminated and an anomaly warning will be triggered.

2. The electronic detonator communication control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial communication parameter set includes: The detonation controller sends a low-frequency scanning signal to the communication bus, the low-frequency scanning signal containing a sine wave or square wave sequence at at least three different frequency points; The detonation controller acquires the current response waveform on the communication bus, performs Fourier analysis on the current response waveform to calculate the bus impedance magnitude and impedance phase angle at each frequency point, and obtains the channel characteristic parameters. The detonation controller determines the initial value of the communication carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate based on the channel characteristic parameters according to the pre-calibrated impedance-parameter mapping table. The detonation controller uses the initial value of the carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate together as the initial communication parameters to obtain the initial communication parameter set.

3. The electronic detonator communication control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Establishing an initial communication link includes: The detonation controller uses the determined initial value of the carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate to send a preamble training sequence containing a Barker code sequence to the electronic detonator; The detonation controller receives the synchronization confirmation frame returned by the electronic detonator, parses the initial clock deviation from the synchronization confirmation frame and stores it. The synchronization confirmation frame is generated by the electronic detonator after capturing the Barker code in the preamble training sequence using a matched filter to complete bit synchronization and frame synchronization, and encapsulating the measured initial clock deviation with its own device identification code. During the process of receiving the synchronization confirmation frame, the detonation controller performs time alignment based on the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate and the edge transitions or correlation characteristics of the synchronization confirmation frame header sequence to determine the initial optimal sampling time for each bit; and obtains the expected logic value of each bit based on the synchronization confirmation frame header sequence. At the initial optimal sampling time, it collects the amplitude of the current response signal on the communication bus and associates the collected amplitude with its corresponding expected logic value: if the expected logic value is 0, the amplitude is stored in the logic 0 sample set; if the expected logic value is 1, the amplitude is stored in the logic 1 sample set. The detonation controller performs statistical analysis on the logic 0 sample set and the logic 1 sample set respectively to obtain the logic 0 amplitude probability density distribution and the logic 1 amplitude probability density distribution. It calculates the trough position between the two probability density distributions and uses the amplitude corresponding to the trough position as the initial sampling decision threshold. The detonation controller configures the initial sampling decision threshold, the initial clock deviation, the initial carrier frequency value, and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate together as the initial valid communication parameter group to complete the establishment of the initial communication logical link.

4. The electronic detonator communication control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the link quality indicators, a trigger determination is performed. When the preset trigger conditions are met, a communication parameter adjustment vector is constructed, including: The detonation controller performs the following steps according to the currently effective communication parameter group, which is initially the initial effective communication parameter group; The detonation controller uses the carrier frequency and communication baud rate in the currently effective communication parameter group to send a probe frame to the electronic detonator and records the sending time. The probe frame carries a known check code sequence of preset length, which is used to trigger the electronic detonator to record the current receiving time as the electronic detonator timestamp after successful decoding. The known check code sequence and the electronic detonator timestamp are then transparently encapsulated into a loopback frame and transmitted back. The detonation controller receives the loopback frame, parses it to obtain the timestamp of the electronic detonator, and records the time when the detonation controller locally receives the loopback frame. Based on the received loopback frame, the detonation controller extracts bus physical status indicators, eye diagram opening indicators, and timing jitter indicators to form link quality indicators. Triggering is performed based on the eye diagram opening index, timing jitter index, and bus physical state index. A communication parameter adjustment vector is constructed when any of the following conditions are met: 1) When the eye diagram opening index is less than the preset eye diagram threshold, or the timing jitter index is greater than the preset jitter threshold, or the bus physical state index is abnormal. 2) When the eye diagram opening index is not less than the preset eye diagram threshold, and the timing jitter index is not greater than the preset jitter threshold, and the bus physical status index is normal, and the number of probe cycles since the last update of the currently effective communication parameter group reaches the preset probe cycle threshold. Otherwise, maintain the currently effective communication parameter set and continue with the link quality assessment for the next probe cycle.

5. The electronic detonator communication control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Bus physical status indicators include: During the process of receiving the loopback frame, the detonation controller performs bit synchronization based on the communication baud rate in the currently effective communication parameter group and uses the preset Barker code sequence in the loopback frame header to determine the optimal sampling time for each bit. At the optimal sampling time, the amplitude of the current response signal is collected. The amplitude with the expected logic value of 1 is assigned to the high-level sample set, and the amplitude with the expected logic value of 0 is assigned to the low-level sample set. The median of the two sample sets is calculated as the actual high-level steady-state value and the actual low-level steady-state value under the current communication state. Based on the difference between the actual high voltage steady-state value and the actual low voltage steady-state value, a first jump threshold and a second jump threshold are calculated according to a preset ratio, wherein the first jump threshold is close to the low voltage steady-state value and the second jump threshold is close to the high voltage steady-state value. Monitor the current response signal. When the signal amplitude crosses the first or second transition threshold between adjacent sampling points, record the corresponding transition time and extract the decaying oscillation waveform within a preset time after the transition time. Based on the jump moment and the decaying oscillation waveform, transient characteristic parameters are extracted. The transient characteristic parameters include at least one of the actual detected rise time, fall time, overshoot amplitude, and ringing frequency. The transient feature parameters are compared with their respective preset safety thresholds: If a change in signal amplitude from the first transition threshold to the second transition threshold is detected, the time difference between the two thresholds is calculated as the rise time, and the rise time is compared with the corresponding preset safety threshold. If a change in signal amplitude from the second transition threshold to the first transition threshold is detected, the time difference between the two thresholds is calculated as the fall time, and the fall time is compared with the corresponding preset safety threshold. The maximum positive deviation of the signal amplitude in the decaying oscillation waveform relative to the actual high-voltage steady-state value is detected. If the maximum positive deviation exists, it is taken as the overshoot amplitude, and the overshoot amplitude is compared with the corresponding preset safety threshold. The system detects whether there are at least two adjacent oscillation peaks in the decaying oscillation waveform. If so, it calculates the reciprocal of the time interval between the adjacent oscillation peaks as the ringing frequency and compares the ringing frequency with the corresponding preset safety threshold. If all transient characteristic parameters involved in the comparison are within the corresponding preset safety range, then the bus physical state index is marked as normal. If at least one of the transient characteristic parameters exceeds the corresponding preset safety range, the bus physical state index is marked as abnormal, and the abnormal characteristic type is marked.

6. The electronic detonator communication control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Eye diagram opening metrics and timing jitter metrics include: The eye diagram opening index is extracted as follows: The optimal sampling time determined based on bit synchronization is used as the time base, and the symbol period is determined according to the communication baud rate in the currently effective communication parameter group. From the data segment of the loopback frame, multiple consecutive bit period waveforms are extracted according to the symbol period. The optimal sampling time of each bit period waveform is aligned to the same reference time point, and all aligned waveforms are superimposed to form a synthetic eye diagram. The vertical distance between the high-level distribution region and the low-level distribution region in the synthesized eye diagram is measured and recorded as the total eye diagram amplitude; At the time position corresponding to the optimal sampling time in the synthetic eye diagram, the vertical distance between the median of all superimposed waveform amplitudes and the sampling decision threshold in the currently effective communication parameter group is measured and denoted as the eye diagram opening margin. Based on the eye diagram opening margin and the total eye diagram amplitude, the eye diagram opening index is calculated. The timing jitter metric is extracted as follows: Based on the transmission time T of the probe frame master_send The receiving time T of the loopback frame master_recv The electronic detonator timestamp T obtained from the analysis slave And the initial clock offset Δt0 in the currently effective communication parameter group, calculate the total loopback transmission delay according to the following formula. : ； The bus transmission delay fluctuation component is obtained by subtracting the pre-stored inherent static delay of the system from the total loop transmission delay. The inherent static delay of the system is used to characterize the total preset fixed time that the signal must consume for communication transmission and processing in the electronic detonator. Obtain the bus transmission delay fluctuation components corresponding to multiple consecutive detection cycles, calculate their root mean square error, and obtain the timing jitter index.

7. The electronic detonator communication control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Trigger the construction of the communication parameter adjustment vector, including: Based on the acquired eye diagram opening index and temporal jitter index; the membership degree of the eye diagram opening index to three fuzzy subsets is calculated using a membership function, the three fuzzy subsets being: insufficient opening, moderate opening, and good opening; the membership degree of the temporal jitter index to three fuzzy subsets is calculated using a membership function, the three fuzzy subsets being: slight jitter, moderate jitter, and severe jitter; Based on the marked state of the bus physical state indicators, a reasoning strategy is dynamically selected: When the bus physical status indicator is marked as abnormal, strategy one and masking strategy two are executed. Based on the marked abnormal characteristics, a preset safety adjustment value is output, where: If the ringing frequency deviates from its preset safety range, the preset maximum carrier frequency offset and non-positive baud rate adjustment coefficient are forcibly output, and the final output sampling decision correction value is set to 0, generating a three-dimensional adjustment vector for executing strategy one. If the rise time or fall time exceeds its preset safety range, or the overshoot amplitude exceeds its preset safety range, then a significantly reduced baud rate adjustment coefficient will be forcibly output, and the final output carrier frequency offset and sampling decision correction value will be set to 0, generating a three-dimensional adjustment vector for executing strategy one. When the bus physical status indicator is marked as normal, execute strategy two: Based on the membership degrees of the eye opening index and the time-series jitter index, calculate the final baud rate adjustment coefficient and sampling decision correction value: Calculate the weight coefficients of each strategy, λ1 = μ t-severe , λ2 = min(μ eye - small , 1 - μ t-severe ), λ3 = min(μ eye - good , μ t-slight ), λ4 = max(0, 1 - (λ1 + λ2 + λ3)), where: λ1 is the weighting coefficient that triggers the rate-down strategy, and its value is related to the membership degree μ of the jitter severity of the timing jitter index. t-severe Positive correlation; λ2 is the weighting coefficient of the trigger threshold adjustment strategy, and its value is related to the insufficient membership degree μ of the eye opening index. eye-small Positive correlation, and membership degree μ is severely affected by jitter. t-severe inhibition; λ3 is the weighting coefficient for triggering the acceleration strategy, and its value is well related to the eye diagram opening. eye-good and slight shaking μ t-slight The membership degree is positively correlated; λ4 is the weight coefficient of the preservation strategy, which is used to complement λ1, λ2, and λ3 so that the sum of λ1+λ2+λ3+λ4 is greater than or equal to 1. Calculate the final output baud rate adjustment factor α b The formula is as follows: ； in, , is the baud rate reduction factor. The baud rate ramp-up factor, λ2 and λ4 correspond to baud rate adjustment factors of 1.0; Calculate the final output sampling decision correction value ΔV th The formula is as follows: ； in, V th-current The sampling decision threshold in the currently effective communication parameter group contributes 0 to the sampling decision correction value when the rate-down strategy, rate-up strategy, and hold strategy are triggered. The calculated baud rate adjustment coefficient and sampling decision correction value are used as the final output, and the carrier frequency offset of the final output is also used. Set to 0 to generate the three-dimensional adjustment vector for execution strategy two.

8. The electronic detonator communication control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the three-dimensional adjustment vector, the communication parameters between the detonation controller and the electronic detonator are synchronously updated, and the system atomically switches to the updated communication parameters within a preset synchronization time window, including: The detonation controller adjusts the three-dimensional vector accordingly. Update the dynamically adjusted parameters in the currently effective communication parameter group, keeping the initial clock offset unchanged, to obtain the updated currently effective communication parameter group, where the updated carrier frequency is f. new =f current +Δf, the updated communication baud rate is R b-new =R b-current ×α b The updated sampling decision threshold is V th-new =V th-current +△V th f current R b-current and V th-current It is divided into the carrier frequency, communication baud rate, and sampling decision threshold in the currently effective communication parameter group; The detonation controller encapsulates the updated carrier frequency, communication baud rate, and sampling decision threshold into parameter update instructions and sends them to the electronic detonator; The detonation controller and electronic detonator respond to the parameter update command, lock a preset synchronization time window, and when the synchronization time window is reached, synchronously and atomically switch the current communication parameters to the updated carrier frequency, communication baud rate and sampling decision threshold. After completing the synchronization update, the detonation controller sends the first handshake detection command to the electronic detonator and waits to receive the first handshake confirmation frame returned by the electronic detonator. After successfully receiving the first handshake confirmation frame, the detonation controller performs a link quality check using the updated currently effective communication parameter group, and re-acquires the updated eye diagram opening index, timing jitter index, and bus physical status index to obtain the updated link quality index. First, check the updated bus physical status indicators. If they are abnormal, then trigger strategy one. If the updated bus physical status index is normal, then the updated eye diagram opening index and timing jitter index are compared with the preset convergence threshold group, which includes the eye diagram opening target threshold and the timing jitter target threshold. The communication parameters are considered to have converged if and only if the updated eye opening index is not lower than the target threshold for eye opening and the updated timing jitter index is not higher than the target threshold for timing jitter. The iteration is then terminated and the updated and currently effective communication parameter group is solidified for use by the detonation controller in subsequent periodic link detection. If the comparison result does not meet the above convergence condition, and the current iteration number has not reached the maximum iteration number, then the updated link quality index will be used as input to return to the execution trigger judgment step for the next round of iteration adjustment; If the maximum number of iterations has been reached and the communication parameters have not yet converged, the iteration will be terminated, the currently effective communication parameter group will be fixed as the backup communication parameters, and an anomaly warning will be triggered.

9. The electronic detonator communication control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes silent protection against parameter changes and an exception rollback mechanism: The silent protection mechanism includes: Define a parameter change time window, the starting point of which is the moment when the detonation controller generates the three-dimensional adjustment vector, and the ending point is the moment when the detonation controller and the electronic detonator complete the parameter synchronization update, and the parameter change time window includes the synchronization time window. During the parameter change time window, the detonation controller forcibly prohibits the transmission of any detonation command codes on the bus; The start and end boundaries of the parameter change time window are hard-synchronized by a hardware trigger signal to ensure that the parameter update process and the detonation command sending process are strictly mutually exclusive on the time axis. Abnormal rollback mechanisms include: Before performing a synchronous update of communication parameters, the detonation controller and the electronic detonator respectively store the currently effective communication parameter set in a non-volatile register as a safety reference parameter set; If, within the preset verification window after parameter updates, the detonation controller detects that the communication error rate exceeds the preset safety threshold, or fails to receive the first-round handshake confirmation frame returned by the electronic detonator, the detonation controller immediately issues a rollback command. The detonation controller and the electronic detonator atomically revert to the safety reference parameter set and trigger a safety lockout mode, prohibiting the execution of any detonation command until external reset. The start time of the preset verification window is the end time of the synchronization time window, and the end time of the preset verification window is the moment when the first-round handshake confirmation frame is received and the communication error rate is lower than the preset safety threshold, or the moment when the preset verification window duration is reached.

10. An electronic detonator communication control system, characterized in that, The system includes: The initial link establishment module is used by the detonator to send a low-frequency scanning signal to the communication bus, collect the current response waveform and analyze it to obtain channel characteristic parameters, and determine an initial communication parameter set including the initial value of the carrier frequency and the initial upper limit of the communication baud rate. The detonator sends a preamble training sequence based on the initial communication parameter set and receives the response signal returned by the electronic detonator. Based on the response signal, bit synchronization and frame synchronization are completed, and the initial sampling decision threshold is determined according to its amplitude characteristics, thereby forming an initial effective communication parameter set to establish the initial communication link. The link quality monitoring and triggering module is used to periodically send probe frames embedded with known check codes to the electronic detonator using the currently effective communication parameter group based on the established initial communication link, and to receive loopback frames returned by the electronic detonator; parse the loopback frames to extract link quality indicators, which include at least bus physical status indicators, eye diagram opening indicators, and timing jitter indicators; and perform trigger determination based on the link quality indicators. If a preset trigger condition is met, a communication parameter adjustment vector is constructed; otherwise, the currently effective communication parameter group is maintained, and the currently effective communication parameter group is initially the initial effective communication parameter group. The communication parameter synchronization update module is used to synchronously update the communication parameters between the detonation controller and the electronic detonator based on the communication parameter adjustment vector, and atomically switch to the updated communication parameters within a preset synchronization time window to obtain the updated currently effective communication parameter group. The iterative convergence control module is used to execute the parameter convergence verification process of the detonation controller after the parameter switching is completed. The detonation controller performs a link quality check using the updated currently effective communication parameter set to obtain updated link quality indicators and determine whether the link quality indicators meet the preset convergence conditions. If the convergence condition is met, the iteration is terminated and the currently effective communication parameters are fixed for use in subsequent periodic link detection. If the convergence condition is not met and the maximum number of iterations has not been reached, a trigger judgment step will be executed based on the updated link quality indicators to carry out the next round of iteration adjustment; If the maximum number of iterations has been reached and the communication parameters have not yet converged, the iteration will be terminated and an anomaly warning will be triggered.

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