Anode interface material for organic solar cells, method of preparation and organic solar cells

Abstract

The application discloses an anode interface material for an organic solar cell, a preparation method and the organic solar cell. By introducing a benzothiophene unit and optimizing an alkyl chain structure, the application improves the dipole moment and solubility of the material, solves the problems of small dipole moment and poor solubility of a traditional SAM material, and simultaneously successfully adjusts an interface work function, so that the interface work function can be accurately matched with an active layer level, and the efficiency of the device is effectively improved. When the material is used as an anode interface material of a D18:L8-BO binary organic solar cell, the device exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and more specifically, to anode interface materials, preparation methods, and organic solar cells for use in organic solar cells. Background Technology

[0002] Organic solar cells (OSCs), as an emerging solar energy conversion technology, have received widespread attention in recent years. Compared to traditional silicon-based solar cells, OSCs offer advantages such as portability, flexibility, and solution-processability, making them suitable for large-area, low-cost production and applicable to emerging fields such as wearable devices and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Nevertheless, current OSCs still face challenges such as relatively low conversion efficiency and poor stability, limiting their widespread adoption in practical applications.

[0003] The efficiency and stability of organic solar cells are closely related to the interface materials within the cell. Interface materials typically include the contact layers between the electrodes and the electron transport layer (HTL) and charge transport layer (ETL). The role of interface materials is not only to promote efficient charge extraction but also to optimize charge injection and separation processes, reduce interface resistance, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device. Currently, commonly used interface materials include metal oxides (such as ZnO and TiO2), polymer interface materials (such as PFN and PEIE), and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) materials.

[0004] However, traditional interface materials still have some limitations: for example, the preparation process of metal oxides is complex and not very suitable for solution processing, and the performance of polymer interface materials may be limited by the energy level matching problem with the organic active layer. Therefore, developing new interface materials, especially self-assembled monolayer (SAM) materials, has become an important direction for improving the performance of organic solar cells. SAM materials are a class of ordered structures with a thickness of one molecule formed on the surface of a solid through a molecular self-assembly process. Due to their tunable chemical functional groups and excellent interfacial contact properties, the application of SAM materials in organic solar cells is gradually gaining attention.

[0005] Currently, the commonly used SAM material is 2PACz. Thanks to the high reactivity of hydrogen atoms on carbazole, chemical modification can be easily achieved, thus overcoming existing defects. For example, the methoxylation strategy can introduce hydrophilic methoxy groups onto carbazole, thereby enhancing the wettability between SAM and perovskite precursors. The halogenation strategy involves introducing substituents of halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, and I) onto carbazole, which can effectively deepen the HOMO level and increase the working function of the substrate. Despite its great application potential, especially in optimizing charge injection, reducing interfacial resistance, and improving the efficiency of organic solar cells, some defects still limit the performance of self-assembled monolayers, including poor surface wettability, energy level alignment mismatch, and insufficient interfacial dipoles for hole extraction.

[0006] Therefore, this application is hereby submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide an anode interface material, preparation method and organic solar cell for organic solar cells, overcoming the problems of poor surface wettability, energy level alignment mismatch and insufficient interfacial dipole for hole extraction of existing 2PACz anode interface materials.

[0008] This application is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, this application provides an anode interface material for organic solar cells, comprising: a compound of formula I: .

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing the anode interface material for organic solar cells as described in the foregoing embodiments, comprising: Step S1: 3,6-Dihalocarbazole is alkylated with 1,4-dihalobutane to obtain 3,6-dihalo-9-(4-halobutyl)-9H-carbazole; Step S2: 3,6-Dihalo-9-(4-halobutyl)-9H-carbazole is subjected to a substitution reaction with triethyl phosphite to obtain diethyl(4-(3,6-dihalo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate. Step S3: A coupling reaction is performed between diethyl(4-(3,6-dihalo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate and benzothiophene-3-boronic acid to obtain diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate; Step S4: Dealkylate diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate to obtain the anode interface material.

[0010] In an alternative embodiment, the halogen atom is selected from at least one of F, Cl, Br, and I.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the alkylation reaction temperature is 65-75°C and the time is 12-24 h; And / or, step S1 includes: adding 3,6-dihalocarbazole to 1,4-dihalobutane, followed by adding tetrabutylammonium halide and carrying out an alkylation reaction; And / or, step S1 further includes: adding deionized water to the cooled alkylation reaction solution, then sequentially separating and extracting with ethyl acetate, then collecting the organic phase and drying and rotary evaporating to obtain a crude product, and purifying the crude product by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 3,6-dihalo-9-(4-halobutyl)-9H-carbazole.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, step S2 includes: dissolving 3,6-dihalo-9-(4-halobutyl)-9H-carbazole in triethyl phosphite to carry out a substitution reaction; And / or, the substitution reaction temperature is 150-170 °C, and the reaction is carried out under reflux for 12-24 hours; And / or, step S2 further includes: removing the solvent by vacuum distillation and purifying by column chromatography to obtain diethyl(4-(3,6-dihalo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, step S3 includes: dissolving diethyl(4-(3,6-dihalo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate and benzothiophene-3-boronic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide and carrying out a coupling reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere; And / or, the coupling reaction is carried out at a temperature of 85-95°C for 12-24 hours; And / or, step S3 further includes: mixing the reaction solution after the coupling reaction with deionized water and extracting it with dichloromethane to obtain an organic phase, and then subjecting the separated organic phase to drying, vacuum distillation and column chromatography purification to obtain diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, step S4 includes: dissolving diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane under a nitrogen atmosphere, then adding trimethylhalosilane dropwise, reacting under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirring for 12-24 hours, then adding methanol and continuing stirring for 2.5-3.5 hours to complete the dealkylation reaction; And / or, step S4 further includes: removing the solvent by vacuum distillation of the dealkylation reaction solution, then dissolving the residue in dichloromethane, then gradually adding n-hexane until the solution becomes turbid, allowing it to stand for 20-28 hours, then filtering and vacuum drying to obtain the target product; And / or, the temperature of the dealkylation reaction is 18-30°C.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the ratio of 3,6-dihalocarbazole to 1,4-dihalobutane is 1 g : 10-50 mL; And / or, the ratio of 3,6-dihalo-9-(4-halobutyl)-9H-carbazole to triethyl phosphite is 1 g: 10-20 g; And / or, the ratio of the diethyl (4-(3,6-dihalo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate to benzothiophene-3-boronic acid is 1 g: 1.8-2.2 g; And / or, the ratio of the diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate to trimethylhalosilane is 1 g: 10-20 g.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the ratio of deionized water to ethyl acetate is 100-150 mL: 10-20 mL; And / or, the eluent used in the silica gel column chromatography purification is petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 18-22:1.

[0017] Thirdly, this application provides an organic solar cell, including the anode interface material described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0018] This application has the following beneficial effects: This application increases the conjugation degree of the material by introducing benzothiophene units at the 3 and 6 positions of carbazole, significantly improving the dipole moment from 1.9 D to 3.2 D, thereby enhancing hole migration and improving efficiency. Simultaneously, the non-planar structure of the benzothiophene units and carbazole groups, as well as the torsion angle between them, effectively suppresses π-π stacking. This characteristic contributes to improved material solubility, thus benefiting the film quality of the device. It is a high-performance organic photovoltaic material, and the binary organic solar cell device assembled from it can achieve an efficiency of up to 20.28%.

[0019] The synthesis method provided in this application is simple and effective, and the structure and morphology of the prepared carbazole derivative anode interface material can be controlled, exhibiting good stability and reproducibility. When applied to photovoltaic devices, the carbazole derivative anode interface material provided in this application can effectively improve the efficiency and stability of the devices. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 The NMR spectrum of 3BT-4PACz prepared for the example; Figure 2 The NMR spectrum of 3BT-4PACz prepared for the example; Figure 3 JV curves for the battery devices in the embodiments and comparative examples; Figure 4 External quantum efficiency diagrams of the battery devices in the examples and comparative examples; Figure 5 Stability test diagrams of the battery devices in the examples and comparative examples. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0023] This application provides an anode interface material for organic solar cells, comprising: a compound of formula I: .

[0024] The anode interface material for organic solar cells provided in this application extends the structure by introducing a conjugated benzothiophene structure into the carbazole structure. Conjugation, and the introduction of benzothiophene units, are beneficial for ordering. – The stacking enhances their dipole moment. Two dihedral angles of different sizes, 35.13° and 43.88°, exist between the carbazole and benzothiophene units; this twisted dihedral angle helps dissolve and suppress excessive self-aggregation. These properties are beneficial for hole transport and suppress recombination in photovoltaic devices. Therefore, OSCs using 3BT-4PACz as the HTL shown in Equation I achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 20.28% in a D18:L8-BO (active layer blend system) binary device.

[0025] This application also provides a method for preparing an anode interface material for organic solar cells, the synthesis route of which is as follows:

[0026] Specifically, the following steps are included: Step S1: Add 3,6-dibromocarbazole to 1,4-dibromobutane at a ratio of 1g:10~50 mL, followed by the addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide. Heat the mixture to 65-75℃ and react for 12-24 h. After the reaction is complete and cooled, add deionized water, then extract with ethyl acetate. Collect the organic phase, dry it, and rotary evaporate it to obtain the crude product. Purify the crude product by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the product 3,6-dibromo-9-(4-bromobutyl)-9H-carbazole; wherein the ratio of deionized water to ethyl acetate is 100~150 mL:10~20 mL; the eluent used for silica gel column chromatography purification is petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, with a volume ratio of 20:1. Step S2: Dissolve 3,6-dibromo-9-(4-bromobutyl)-9H-carbazole in triethyl phosphite at a ratio of 1g:10-20g. Heat the reaction mixture to 150-170 °C and reflux for 12-24 hours. After the reaction is complete, remove the solvent by vacuum distillation. Purify the crude product by column chromatography to obtain diethyl(4-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate. Step S3: Diethyl(4-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate and benzothiophene-3-boronic acid were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide at a ratio of 1 g: 1.8-2.2 g. The mixture was heated to 85-95°C under a nitrogen atmosphere and reacted for 12-24 hours. After the reaction was complete, it was mixed with deionized water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate; Step S4: Diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate was dissolved in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane at a ratio of 1 g: 10-20 g, followed by dropwise addition of trimethylbromosilane. The reaction was stirred at 18-30°C under a nitrogen atmosphere for 12-24 hours. Methanol was then added and stirring continued for 2.5-3.5 hours. The solvent was then removed by vacuum distillation. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane, and then n-hexane was gradually added until the solution became turbid. The solution was allowed to stand for 20-28 hours. The product was filtered, separated, and dried under vacuum to obtain the target product.

[0027] It should be noted that the bromine element involved can be replaced with other halogens.

[0028] The method for preparing the anode interface material for organic solar cells provided in this application is simple and effective. The structure and morphology of the prepared carbazole derivative anode interface material are controllable, and it exhibits good stability and repeatability. When applied to photovoltaic devices, the carbazole derivative anode interface material provided in this application can effectively improve the efficiency and stability of the devices.

[0029] The features and performance of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0030] Example This embodiment provides an anode interface material for organic solar cells, which has the following structure: Formula I; The synthesis route of the above-mentioned organic solar cell anode interface material is as follows:

[0031] Specific preparation methods include: Step S1: 2 g of 3,6-dibromocarbazole (6.15 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of 1,4-dibromobutane, followed by the addition of 0.6 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide (1.85 mmol) and 6 mL of 50% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. The reaction was stirred at 70 °C for 24 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether:dichloromethane 5:1 v / v) to give 2.55 g of 3,6-dibromo-9-(4-bromobutyl)-9H-carbazole.

[0032] Step S2: 2.55 g (5.54 mmol) of 3,6-dibromo-9-(4-bromobutyl)-9H-carbazole was dissolved in 20 mL of triethyl phosphite. The reaction mixture was heated to 160 °C and refluxed for 24 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate 1:1 v / v) to give 2.44 g of diethyl(4-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate.

[0033] In step S3, diethyl(4-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate (1.22 g, 2.36 mmol), benzothiophene-3-boronic acid (0.92 g, 5.19 mmol), and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.14 g, 0.12 mmol, 5% mol) were dissolved in 10 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), followed by the addition of 2 mol / L sodium carbonate aqueous solution (3 mL). The mixture was heated to 90°C under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 24 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was poured into 50 mL of deionized water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate 3:1 volume ratio) to give 0.81 g of diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate.

[0034] In step S4, diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate (0.81 g, 1.30 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of anhydrous 1,4-dioxane under a nitrogen atmosphere, followed by dropwise addition of trimethylbromosilane (1.99 g, 1.72 mL, 13.0 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere for 24 hours. Then, 10 mL of methanol was added and stirring continued for 3 hours. The solvent was then removed by vacuum distillation. The residue was dissolved in 5 mL of dichloromethane, followed by the gradual addition of 50 mL of n-hexane until the solution became turbid, and allowed to stand overnight. The product was filtered, separated, and dried under vacuum to give 0.54 g of the target product, named 3BT-4PACz, with the NMR spectrum shown below. Figure 1-2 As shown.

[0035] Comparative Example This comparative example provides two anode interface materials for organic solar cells, with structures as shown in Formulas II and III, named 4PAThCz and 2PACz: Formula II.

[0036] Formula III.

[0037] Performance testing Battery device assembly: The solar cell is fabricated using a traditional ITO / HTL / active layer / PNDIT-F3N / Ag device structure. The ITO-coated glass was ultrasonically pre-cleaned for 30 minutes each with detergent, deionized water, acetone, and 2-propanol. Before use, the ITO glass requires plasma treatment for 2 minutes or UV-ozone treatment for 20 minutes. SAMs were dissolved in a solution with a concentration of 0.3 mg / mL. -1 The solution was then sonicated for 10–30 minutes in methanol (15 minutes for 2PACz, 4PAThCz, and 3BT-4PACz, and 30 minutes for 2PAThCz). The solution was then spin-coated onto an ITO substrate at 4000 rpm for 30 seconds and annealed at 120 °C for 7 minutes. Subsequently, PM6:L8-BO (1:1.2, dissolved in chloroform to a total concentration of 16.5 mg / mL) was added. -1 (2700 rpm for 30 seconds), D18:L8-BO (1:1.2, dissolved in chloroform to a total concentration of 10 mg / mL) -1 (2200 rpm for 30 seconds) and D18:L8-BO:BTP-eC9 (1:0.6:0.6, dissolved in chloroform to a total concentration of 10 mg / mL) -1 A mixture of [amount] (2200 rpm for 30 seconds) was spin-coated onto ITO / HTL, and then annealed at 100 °C for 5 minutes. Next, the electron transport layer PNDIT-F3N was dissolved in methanol at a concentration of 1.2 mg / mL, and 0.8% acetic acid was added. The solution was then spin-coated onto the active layer at 4200 rpm for 30 seconds to obtain the test sample.

[0038] Test method: The current density-voltage (JV) characteristic test was conducted using a Keithley 2400 source measurement unit under simulated AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW / cm²) conditions using a standard xenon lamp solar simulator (Oriel Sol 3 A).

[0039] The performance, JV curves, external quantum efficiency, and stability of the battery devices using the anode interface materials prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested respectively. The performance test results of the battery devices are shown in Table 1; the JV curves are shown in... Figure 3 As shown, the external quantum efficiency is as Figure 4 As shown, the stability test is as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0040] Table 1

[0041] Combining Table 1 and Figure 3-5It can be seen that, compared with the comparative example, the battery device of the embodiment has superior performance, indicating that the carbazole-based anode interface material prepared in the embodiment has potential application value in organic solar cells.

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An anode interface material for organic solar cells, characterized in that, include: The compound shown in Formula I: 。 2. A method for preparing the anode interface material for organic solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Step S1: 3,6-Dihalocarbazole is alkylated with 1,4-dihalobutane to obtain 3,6-dihalo-9-(4-halobutyl)-9H-carbazole; Step S2: 3,6-Dihalo-9-(4-halobutyl)-9H-carbazole is subjected to a substitution reaction with triethyl phosphite to obtain diethyl(4-(3,6-dihalo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate. Step S3: A coupling reaction is performed between diethyl(4-(3,6-dihalo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate and benzothiophene-3-boronic acid to obtain diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate; Step S4: Dealkylate diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate to obtain the anode interface material.

3. The method for preparing the anode interface material for organic solar cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The halogen atom is selected from at least one of F, Cl, Br, and I.

4. The method for preparing the anode interface material for organic solar cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The alkylation reaction temperature is 65-75℃, and the time is 12-24 h; And / or, step S1 includes: adding 3,6-dihalocarbazole to 1,4-dihalobutane, followed by adding tetrabutylammonium halide and carrying out an alkylation reaction; And / or, step S1 further includes: adding deionized water to the cooled alkylation reaction solution, then sequentially separating and extracting with ethyl acetate, then collecting the organic phase and drying and rotary evaporating to obtain a crude product, and purifying the crude product by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 3,6-dihalo-9-(4-halobutyl)-9H-carbazole.

5. The method for preparing the anode interface material for organic solar cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: dissolving 3,6-dihalo-9-(4-halobutyl)-9H-carbazole in triethyl phosphite to carry out a substitution reaction; And / or, the substitution reaction temperature is 150-170 °C, and the reaction is carried out under reflux for 12-24 hours; And / or, step S2 further includes: removing the solvent by vacuum distillation and purifying by column chromatography to obtain diethyl(4-(3,6-dihalo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate.

6. The method for preparing the anode interface material for organic solar cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: dissolving diethyl(4-(3,6-dihalo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate and benzothiophene-3-boronic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide and carrying out a coupling reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere; And / or, the coupling reaction is carried out at a temperature of 85-95°C for 12-24 hours; And / or, step S3 further includes: mixing the reaction solution after the coupling reaction with deionized water and extracting it with dichloromethane to obtain an organic phase, and then subjecting the separated organic phase to drying, vacuum distillation and column chromatography purification to obtain diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate.

7. The method for preparing the anode interface material for organic solar cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S4 includes: dissolving diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane under a nitrogen atmosphere, then adding trimethylhalosilane dropwise, reacting under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirring for 12-24 hours, then adding methanol and continuing stirring for 2.5-3.5 hours to complete the dealkylation reaction; And / or, step S4 further includes: removing the solvent by vacuum distillation of the dealkylation reaction solution, then dissolving the residue in dichloromethane, then gradually adding n-hexane until the solution becomes turbid, allowing it to stand for 20-28 hours, then filtering and vacuum drying to obtain the target product; And / or, the temperature of the dealkylation reaction is 18-30°C.

8. The method for preparing the anode interface material for organic solar cells according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ratio of 3,6-dihalocarbazole to 1,4-dihalobutane is 1g: 10-50 mL; And / or, the ratio of 3,6-dihalo-9-(4-halobutyl)-9H-carbazole to triethyl phosphite is 1 g: 10-20 g; And / or, the ratio of the diethyl (4-(3,6-dihalo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate to benzothiophene-3-boronic acid is 1 g: 1.8-2.2 g; And / or, the ratio of the diethyl(4-(3,6-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonate to trimethylhalosilane is 1 g: 10-20 g.

9. The method for preparing the anode interface material for organic solar cells according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ratio of deionized water to ethyl acetate is 100-150 mL: 10-20 mL; And / or, the eluent used in the silica gel column chromatography purification is petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 18-22:

1.

10. An organic solar cell, characterized in that, Includes the anode interface material as described in claim 1.

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