Trinitrotoluene-based composite melt-cast explosive, method for preparing same, and use thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a trinitrotoluene-based composite melt-cast explosive and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the trinitrotoluene-based composite melt-cast explosive is prepared from trinitrotoluene, a physical insensitive agent and a bidirectional functional structure directing agent according to certain mass percentage components; the physical insensitive agent is microcrystalline wax, and the bidirectional functional structure directing agent is sorbitan monooleate; the sorbitan monooleate is used for synchronously realizing interface compatibility and interface combination between the trinitrotoluene and the microcrystalline wax, and regulating the crystallization behavior of the trinitrotoluene. The melt-cast explosive realizes high uniformity and high consistency of engineering charging quality, and the mechanical, safety and detonation performances are synergistically enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of advanced energetic materials design and manufacturing technology, specifically relating to trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosives, their preparation methods, and applications. Background Technology

[0002] As a class of energetic materials formed through a melting-casting-solidification process, the core technology of cast explosives lies in balancing safety (low vulnerability), energy output, and structural reliability. Cast explosives based on trinitrotoluene (TNT) suffer from two coupled intrinsic defects: first, a severe physicochemical mismatch exists between the physical desensitizers (such as microcrystalline wax) introduced to improve safety and the TNT matrix, resulting in extremely poor interfacial compatibility; second, TNT itself tends to form coarse, anisotropic crystal morphologies accompanied by significant volume shrinkage during non-equilibrium solidification. These defects collectively create a performance bottleneck for TNT composite cast explosives. Macroscopically, these defects manifest as phase separation, cracks, shrinkage cavities, and significant batch-to-batch performance fluctuations, severely restricting their application in modern high-precision, high-overload scenarios. Therefore, a comprehensive technical solution that systematically addresses these defects, encompassing optimization of energetic material composition and process design, is lacking. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a high-quality trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive based on bifunctional molecular regulation. Through optimized technical pathways, the multiple effects of single-functional molecules are utilized to synergistically regulate the entire process of cast explosive from molecular adsorption and interface construction to crystal growth, achieving a seamless transition from microstructure design to macroscopic performance enhancement. Through theoretical calculations and experimental verification, the bifunctional role of sorbitan monooleate (Span-80) in the TNT / wax system is clearly proposed, and a precisely matched controlled solidification process is designed to obtain an energetic material with uniform texture, simultaneously improved mechanical properties and reliable detonation performance, overcoming the limitations of traditional technologies.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the present invention provides the following solution: Specifically, the first aspect of the present invention provides a trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive, which is composed of trinitrotoluene, a physical desensitizer, and a bidirectional functional structure directing agent in a certain mass percentage; wherein the physical desensitizer is microcrystalline wax, and the bidirectional functional structure directing agent is sorbitan monooleate; the sorbitan monooleate is used to simultaneously achieve interfacial compatibility and interfacial bonding between trinitrotoluene and microcrystalline wax, as well as to regulate the crystallization behavior of trinitrotoluene.

[0005] Optionally, the trinitrotoluene, physical desensitizer, and bidirectional functional structure directing agent are formulated according to the following mass percentages: trinitrotoluene 91.0%-97.8%, microcrystalline wax 2.0%-8.0%, and sorbitan monooleate 0.2%-1.0%.

[0006] Optionally, the mass percentages of trinitrotoluene, physical desensitizer, and bidirectional functional structure directing agent are as follows: trinitrotoluene 95.2%, microcrystalline wax 4.0%, and sorbitan monooleate 0.8%.

[0007] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive, comprising the following steps: placing each component in a reactor, melting and stirring thoroughly in an oil bath environment to obtain a homogeneous molten mixture; pouring the obtained homogeneous molten mixture into a preheated mold and immediately transferring it to a stable negative pressure environment; adjusting the cooling rate based on the decrease in pouring temperature to achieve controlled solidification of the homogeneous molten mixture; after controlled solidification is completed, sequentially subjecting the solidified system to heat preservation, vacuum release, and natural cooling treatment to obtain the target product.

[0008] Optionally, the step of placing each component in a reactor, melting it in an oil bath environment, and stirring it thoroughly to obtain a homogeneous molten mixture specifically includes: the temperature of the oil bath environment being 94-96℃; the stirring rate being 350-450 rpm; and the stirring time being 20-35 min.

[0009] Optionally, the step of pouring the obtained homogeneous molten mixture into a preheated mold and immediately transferring it to a stable negative pressure environment specifically includes: the preheating temperature of the mold is 85°C; and the pressure of the stable negative pressure environment is -0.06 to -0.08 MPa.

[0010] Optionally, adjusting the cooling rate based on the decrease in pouring temperature to achieve controlled solidification of the homogeneous molten mixture specifically includes: the controlled solidification includes two stages, and the cooling rate of the first stage is greater than the cooling rate of the second stage.

[0011] Optionally, the first stage includes reducing the temperature from the oil bath temperature to 82-83°C at a rate of 1.0-1.5°C / min; the second stage includes immediately reducing the temperature from 82-83°C to 75-76°C at a rate of 0.3-0.5°C / min after the temperature reaches slightly above the freezing point of trinitrotoluene.

[0012] Optionally, after the controlled solidification is completed, the solidified system is subjected to heat preservation, vacuum release and natural cooling treatment in sequence, specifically including: the heat preservation time is 10-20 minutes; after the heat preservation treatment is completed, the vacuum environment of the solidified mixture is released and it is naturally cooled to room temperature in a static environment.

[0013] A third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the aforementioned trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive in the field of energetic materials.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) By introducing Span-80 as a bifunctional molecular additive, at the microscopic level, a stable physical composite interface can be constructed between the TNT matrix and the microcrystalline wax, achieving uniform dispersion of the microcrystalline wax in the TNT matrix at the submicron to micron level. At the same time, combined with a matched two-stage controlled solidification process, the crystallization behavior of TNT is actively regulated, ultimately obtaining a TNT crystal matrix with significantly refined grains and highly equiaxed morphology. At the macroscopic level, based on the precise regulation of the above microstructure, the prepared fused cast explosive charge has a smooth surface and no visible defects such as shrinkage cavities, cracks, or wax spots. The batch consistency of the charge density is significantly improved compared with the traditional unmodified system, and the standard deviation of the density sample is greatly reduced, achieving high uniformity and high consistency in the quality of engineered charge.

[0015] (2) Under the combined effect of fine grain strengthening and strong interface bonding, the highly uniform and dense charge structure has achieved the expected improvement in compressive strength and tensile strength (about 10%), and the mechanical properties have been effectively improved. The uniformly dispersed wax phase desensitizing components and the toughened TNT matrix work together to effectively desensitize the energy transfer of external mechanical stimuli and significantly reduce mechanical sensitivity. The highly uniform and dense charge structure ensures the stability of detonation wave propagation, so that even small-sized charges can obtain stable and reliable detonation performance. Mechanical, safety and detonation performance are enhanced in a synergistic way.

[0016] Those skilled in the art will understand that the objectives and advantages achievable with this invention are not limited to those specifically described above, and that the above and other objectives achievable with this invention will become clearer from the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof; it should be noted that the drawings themselves are not within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the screening method for interfacial compatibilizers of trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosives in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation method of the trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are used to explain the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the invention with unnecessary details, only structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solutions according to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details not closely related to the invention are omitted.

[0020] It should be emphasized that the term "comprising / including" as used herein refers to the presence of a feature, element, step, or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps, or components. Furthermore, the wording related to serial numbers and designations in this disclosure, such as "first," "second," "S1," "S2," and similar expressions, is used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number or necessary order of the indicated technical features, nor does it exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps, or components.

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 , 2 The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail and clearly. One embodiment of the present invention provides a trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive, composed of trinitrotoluene, a physical desensitizer, and a bidirectional functional structure directing agent in a certain mass percentage; wherein the physical desensitizer is microcrystalline wax, and the bidirectional functional structure directing agent is sorbitan monooleate; sorbitan monooleate is used to simultaneously achieve interfacial compatibility and interfacial bonding between trinitrotoluene and microcrystalline wax, as well as to regulate the crystallization behavior of trinitrotoluene. The cast explosive material improved by the components of the present invention has an average grain size reduced by 30%-50% compared to traditional processes, forming a dense fine-grained matrix, laying a structural foundation for improving the material's mechanical and detonation performance. Span-80 plays the following dual key roles in this system, the mechanism of which stems from its precise molecular configuration, specifically: Function 1: Highly efficient interfacial compatibility and interfacial binder. The polar head (hydroxyl group, -OH) in the Span-80 molecule can form a strong OH···ON type hydrogen bond with the nitro group (-NO2) on the TNT benzene ring, providing a specific adsorption energy far exceeding that of van der Waals forces; its nonpolar oleic acid long chain (C18) achieves high compatibility with the alkane structure of microcrystalline wax through hydrophobic interactions and molecular chain entanglement. This "one end is attracted to TNT, the other to wax" characteristic allows it to self-assemble at the interface of two phases to form a dense and stable monomolecular transition layer, significantly reducing interfacial tension.

[0022] Function 2: TNT Crystallization Morphology Regulator. During TNT crystallization, Span-80 molecules can selectively adsorb onto the surface of growing crystals, especially those with faster growth rates. On one hand, this selective adsorption alters crystal growth kinetics, effectively inhibiting the excessively rapid growth of dominant crystal faces and guiding TNT crystals from common anisotropic morphologies such as needles and plates to more balanced equiaxed or bulk morphologies. On the other hand, the adsorbed molecules increase the interfacial energy barrier required for crystal growth and influence the nucleation process to some extent. Under optimized process conditions, its combined effect is to promote the formation of higher number density and finer initial TNT nuclei and limit their excessive growth, thereby achieving significant grain refinement. These conclusions can be quantitatively verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy.

[0023] Optionally, the trinitrotoluene, physical desensitizer, and bidirectional functional structure directing agent are formulated according to the following mass percentages: trinitrotoluene 91.0%-97.8%, microcrystalline wax 2.0%-8.0%, and sorbitan monooleate 0.2%-1.0%.

[0024] Optionally, the mass percentages of trinitrotoluene, physical desensitizer, and bidirectional functional structure directing agent are as follows: trinitrotoluene 95.2%, microcrystalline wax 4.0%, and sorbitan monooleate 0.8%.

[0025] Combined with appendix Figure 2As can be seen, the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive, comprising the following steps: S1: placing each component in a reactor, melting and stirring thoroughly in an oil bath environment to obtain a homogeneous molten mixture; S2: pouring the obtained homogeneous molten mixture into a preheated mold and immediately transferring it to a stable negative pressure environment; S3: adjusting the cooling rate based on the decrease in pouring temperature to achieve controlled solidification of the homogeneous molten mixture; S4: after controlled solidification, successively subjecting the solidified system to heat preservation, vacuum release, and natural cooling treatment to obtain the target product. Sorbitan monooleate is used to simultaneously achieve interfacial compatibility and interfacial bonding between trinitrotoluene and microcrystalline wax, as well as to regulate the crystallization behavior of trinitrotoluene. Under the action of the bifunctional structure directing agent, the microcrystalline wax is uniformly dispersed in the trinitrotoluene matrix in a refined particle morphology, and the trinitrotoluene crystals exhibit a refined and equiaxed morphology.

[0026] Optionally, in step S1, the components are placed in a reactor, melted in an oil bath, and thoroughly stirred to obtain a homogeneous molten mixture. Specifically, the oil bath temperature is 94-96℃; the stirring rate is 350-450 rpm; and the stirring time is 20-35 min. Specifically, to fully activate and utilize the dual functions of Span-80, a corresponding controlled solidification process must be matched. This step aims to achieve complete diffusion of Span-80 molecules in the melt and to pre- and uniformly adsorb them onto the microscopic interface of the TNT molecular clusters and the initially formed TNT-wax system, completing the "positioning" and "pre-organization" of the functional molecules. The oil bath temperature setting is intended to provide a reliable casting temperature for the subsequent temperature-controlled solidification process.

[0027] Optionally, in step S2, the obtained homogeneous molten mixture is poured into a preheated mold and immediately transferred to a stable negative pressure environment, specifically including: the preheating temperature of the mold is 85°C; the pressure of the stable negative pressure environment is -0.06 to -0.08 MPa. The preheating temperature (85℃) is higher than the theoretical solidification point of TNT at atmospheric pressure (80.8℃), which allows for precise control of the temperature difference between the cast melt (94-96℃) and the inner wall of the mold within the range of 9-11℃. This avoids localized rapid cooling and premature solidification caused by excessive temperature differences, eliminating molding defects such as irregular crystallization, cold shuts, and stress cracks. Simultaneously, it maintains a uniform and stable molten state and good fluidity, providing sufficient thermodynamic relaxation time for Span-80 to complete self-assembly at the TNT-microcrystalline wax interface and achieve selective crystal facet adsorption at the crystallization front. This fully ensures the dual function of interface compatibility and crystallization control, and also allows for precise connection with the initial cooling temperature of the subsequent two-stage controlled solidification process, laying a stable and consistent initial temperature field foundation for uniform nucleation and controllable crystal growth. The negative pressure range (-0.06 to -0.08℃) (MPa) can efficiently remove entrained and dissolved gases from the melt without causing melt boiling, thus eliminating internal porosity defects. At the same time, it can achieve dynamic melt feeding through stable pressure difference drive, effectively suppressing shrinkage and porosity problems caused by TNT solidification volume shrinkage, ensuring the density, uniformity and batch consistency of the charge, and fully adapting to the safety specifications and molding requirements of energetic materials industrial mass production.

[0028] Optionally, in step S3, the cooling rate is adjusted based on the decrease in pouring temperature to achieve controlled solidification of the homogeneous molten mixture. Specifically, the controlled solidification includes two stages, and the cooling rate of the first stage is greater than the cooling rate of the second stage.

[0029] Optionally, the first stage involves cooling from the oil bath temperature to 82-83°C at a rate of 1.0-1.5°C / min. The purpose of this stage is to create a mild supercooling, which, combined with the effect of the pre-adsorbed Span-80 molecules, induces the formation of a large number of uniformly distributed crystal nuclei within the system. The second stage involves immediately cooling from 82-83°C to 75-76°C at a rate of 0.3-0.5°C / min after the temperature reaches slightly above the freezing point of trinitrotoluene. Compared to the cooling rate in the first stage, this rate setting allows for a smoother and slower passage through the TNT crystallization temperature range. The slower growth process provides sufficient thermodynamic relaxation time for the Span-80 molecules to continuously and effectively exert their crystal morphology-regulating effect at the solid-liquid interface, which is crucial for achieving crystal refinement and morphology optimization.

[0030] Optionally, in step S4, after controlled solidification, the solidified system is subjected to heat preservation, vacuum release, and natural cooling treatment in sequence. Specifically, the heat preservation time is 10-20 minutes; the main purpose of the heat preservation treatment is to eliminate possible internal stress. After the heat preservation treatment, the vacuum environment of the solidified mixture is released, and it is naturally cooled to room temperature in a static environment to complete the entire solidification process and form a final product with a locked structure.

[0031] The third aspect of this invention provides an application of trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive in the field of energetic materials.

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only descriptive and not limiting, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention (unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used are of industrial purity or higher).

[0033] Example: The following embodiments describe preferred embodiments of the present invention for preparing cast explosives, specifically including: S1: Accurately weigh 95.2 g of dry TNT powder, 4.0 g of refined 80# microcrystalline wax, and 0.8 g of Span-80; add each component material in batches to a melting vessel with a stirrer; heat to 95°C in an oil bath and keep warm until the mixture is completely melted; stir at 400 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform and transparent amber melt.

[0034] S2: Pour the melt into a preheated cylindrical mold (Φ20 mm) at 85°C; quickly transfer it to a programmable temperature-controlled vacuum oven, evacuate to -0.06 MPa and maintain stable pressure.

[0035] S3: The entire solidification process is roughly divided into two stages of solidification rate control, namely, first cooling from 85℃ to 82℃ at 1.5℃ / min, and then immediately switching to cooling from 82℃ to 75℃ at 0.5℃ / min.

[0036] S4: Hold at 75℃ for 15 minutes, then turn off the heating and allow the pressure inside the chamber to slowly return to normal. After the explosive column cools naturally to room temperature with the furnace, it is demolded to obtain the target molten explosive column.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the obtained propellant grains are light yellow, with a smooth surface, dense and uniform cross-section, and no visible defects. To verify the consistency of the propellant loading of the obtained products, the density of propellant grains from the same batch in different formulations was randomly selected in this embodiment, and the standard deviation results were calculated as shown in Table 1. It was found that the formulations with added modifiers showed improved batch consistency and a significant reduction in standard deviation.

[0038] Table 1. Standard deviation of density measurement calculation results for the same batch of pharmaceutical columns from different formulations. Therefore, based on the dual-action mechanism of Span-80 and the extremely high homogeneity achieved, it is reasonable to infer and expect that this propellant grain possesses a refined TNT crystal structure and a strengthened interface, thus exhibiting mechanical properties and detonation wave propagation stability far superior to traditional controls. Further XRD crystallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, mechanical tests, and detonation experiments can verify these core inferences.

[0039] Comparative Example 1: For ease of comparison, comparative examples are provided in this embodiment for further explanation, specifically including traditional additive-free processes: The raw materials and components for preparation are: 96.0 g of TNT and 4.0 g of microcrystalline wax. The corresponding amounts of raw materials were weighed and stirred for 20 minutes at the same temperature and speed as in the previous embodiment. The mixture was then poured and subjected to controlled solidification, heat preservation, vacuum release and natural cooling under the same environmental conditions as in the previous embodiment to obtain the target product.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the drug columns in groups (a) and (c) were prepared according to the additive-free process of Comparative Example 1. The obvious phase separation phenomenon can be seen. This phenomenon leads to cracks on the side and looseness in the cross-section. Under the same preparation method, it has defects such as large density fluctuation and low comprehensive performance.

[0041] Comparative Example 2: The components and proportions were the same as in the previous example, and the casting process employed a single-stage rapid cooling method (direct cooling from 85°C to room temperature at a rate of 2°C / min). Observation results (not shown) revealed that the quality of the drug column obtained under these preparation conditions was between that of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, with slight wax residue and obvious shrinkage cavities due to excessively rapid cooling. This demonstrates that the two-stage controlled process of this invention is a necessary condition for fully utilizing the dual-functional advantages of Span-80.

[0042] Furthermore, it should be noted that the core problem solved by this invention is the multi-scale interface regulation and crystallization control between TNT and microcrystalline wax. Those skilled in the art should understand that, provided that the bifunctional interface modifier (Span-80) and the preparation process described above are used to solve this core problem, the basic formulation of the cast explosive system provided by this invention may also include components introduced to achieve other specific functions. For example, to meet higher energy requirements, solid high-energy explosive particles (such as RDX, HMX, etc.) can be further uniformly incorporated into the homogeneous TNT / wax / Span-80 carrier. Such improvements do not deviate from the protection scope of the core principles of this invention. Such extended systems will achieve superior overall performance based on the highly uniform and strongly interfacially bonded microstructure established by this invention.

[0043] Currently, improvement strategies for cast explosive systems are often isolated. On the one hand, to improve the interface, technicians often empirically try various surfactants, but their understanding of the specific adsorption mechanisms in complex multiphase systems and their impact on subsequent crystallization processes is vague. On the other hand, to control crystallization, they often rely on passive adjustments to external process parameters (such as cooling rate), making it difficult to change the crystallization behavior of TNT from a thermodynamic and kinetic perspective. This "divide and conquer" approach ignores the profound spatiotemporal coupling and mutual influence between "interface formation" and "crystal growth" in the same physical process. In other words, an ideal interface modifier's molecular behavior must intervene in and influence the crystallization front of its attached matrix, and changes in solidification kinetics will inevitably have a reciprocal effect on the final formation of the interface structure. Therefore, this invention targets TNT-based cast explosive systems. By introducing molecular additives with dual functional properties of interfacial compatibility and crystallization regulation, and combining them with a precise and controllable solidification process, it achieves active design and synergistic optimization of the explosive microstructure (including phase interfaces and matrix crystals), thereby obtaining cast explosive products with high uniformity, excellent mechanical properties and stable detonation output performance, as well as their controllable preparation method.

[0044] The above detailed description further illustrates the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive, characterized in that: It is made from a mixture of trinitrotoluene, a physical desensitizer, and a bidirectional functional structure directing agent in a certain mass percentage. in, The physical desensitizer is microcrystalline wax, and the bidirectional functional structure directing agent is sorbitan monooleate. The sorbitan monooleate is used to simultaneously achieve interfacial compatibility and interfacial bonding between trinitrotoluene and microcrystalline wax, as well as to regulate the crystallization behavior of trinitrotoluene.

2. The trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive according to claim 1, characterized in that, Trinitrotoluene, a physical desensitizer, and a bidirectional functional structure-directing agent are formulated according to the following mass percentages: Trinitrotoluene accounts for 91.0%-97.8%, microcrystalline wax accounts for 2.0%-8.0%, and sorbitan monooleate accounts for 0.2%-1.0%.

3. The trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass percentages of trinitrotoluene, physical desensitizer, and bidirectional functional structure-directing agent are as follows: Trinitrotoluene accounts for 95.2%, microcrystalline wax accounts for 4.0%, and sorbitan monooleate accounts for 0.8%.

4. A method for preparing the trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The components are placed in a reactor, melted in an oil bath, and thoroughly stirred to obtain a homogeneous melt mixture. The resulting homogeneous molten mixture is poured into a preheated mold and immediately transferred to a stable negative pressure environment; The cooling rate is adjusted based on the decrease in pouring temperature to achieve controlled solidification of the homogeneous molten mixture; After controlled solidification, the solidified system was successively subjected to heat preservation, vacuum release, and natural cooling to obtain the target product.

5. The preparation method of the trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of placing each component in a reactor, melting it in an oil bath environment, and thoroughly stirring it to obtain a homogeneous molten mixture specifically includes: The temperature of the oil bath environment is 94-96℃; The stirring speed is 350-450 rpm, and the stirring time is 20-35 min.

6. The method for preparing the trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of pouring the obtained homogeneous molten mixture into a preheated mold and immediately transferring it to a stable negative pressure environment specifically includes: The preheating temperature of the mold is 85°C; The pressure of the stable negative pressure environment is -0.06 to -0.08 MPa.

7. The method for preparing the trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method of adjusting the cooling rate based on the decrease in pouring temperature to achieve controlled solidification of the homogeneous molten mixture specifically includes: The controlled solidification comprises two stages, with the cooling rate of the first stage being greater than that of the second stage.

8. The method for preparing the trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first stage includes cooling from the temperature after the oil bath to 82-83°C at a rate of 1.0-1.5°C / min; The second stage involves immediately reducing the temperature from 82-83°C to 75-76°C at a rate of 0.3-0.5°C / min after the temperature reaches a point slightly above the freezing point of trinitrotoluene.

9. The method for preparing the trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive according to claim 8, characterized in that, After controlled solidification is completed, the solidified system is subjected to heat preservation, vacuum release, and natural cooling treatments, specifically including: The heat preservation time is 10-20 minutes; After the heat preservation treatment is completed, the vacuum environment of the solidified mixture is removed, and it is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature in a static environment.

10. The application of a trinitrotoluene-based composite cast explosive as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 in the field of energetic materials.

Images