Blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system

Abstract

The application discloses a blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system, which comprises a data acquisition layer, a blockchain network layer, an intelligent contract layer and an application layer.The data acquisition layer is used for collecting original data of material production, logistics, quality inspection and acceptance in real time.The blockchain network layer is used for storing data of each link and hash digest, and realizing data sharing and permission control across organizations.The intelligent contract layer is used for realizing cooperation among intelligent contracts through an event listening mechanism, and automatically triggering the execution of associated contracts according to business state changes.The application layer is used for data visualization, business operation and risk early warning.The application deploys heterogeneous Internet of Things terminals and edge computing units in workshops of suppliers, logistics vehicles, quality inspection laboratories and power plant warehouses, combines hardware security modules and national encryption algorithms to encrypt and sign data, and verifies equipment identity and data integrity in the blockchain network layer, so that it is ensured that the chained data is from a trusted device and is irrefutable, and the problem of trusted data source is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of power plant material management technology, specifically involving a blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system. Background Technology

[0002] With the expansion of power infrastructure construction, the supply chain nodes involved in power plant material procurement are increasing, covering multiple stages such as raw material supply, production and manufacturing, logistics and transportation, and quality inspection and acceptance. Currently, power plant material procurement management relies heavily on enterprise resource planning systems, warehouse management systems, and office automation systems for data recording and process coordination.

[0003] In recent years, blockchain technology has been gradually applied to the field of power equipment supply chain management. For example, the published document CN120146955A proposes a power equipment supply chain collaborative management system based on consortium blockchain, which automates order processing, logistics tracking, quality acceptance, and settlement management through a smart contract execution layer, and optimizes supply chain demand by combining an AI prediction module. The published document CN121213000A discloses a blockchain-based enterprise ERP management system, which adopts technologies such as consortium blockchain architecture, smart contract engine, digital twin, and federated learning to achieve cross-enterprise collaboration and data sharing in procurement, production, and finance.

[0004] While the aforementioned existing technologies have improved supply chain transparency and automation to some extent, the following technical issues remain:

[0005] The data source trust mechanism is imperfect: Although existing solutions use blockchain to ensure data immutability, they fail to effectively solve the "source trust" problem in the data collection process. The identities of IoT devices are not bound to the blockchain, and there is a lack of edge-level hardware encryption and signature verification before data is uploaded to the blockchain, posing a risk of data counterfeiting or tampering.

[0006] Limited capabilities in multi-business channel collaboration and privacy protection: Although existing consortium blockchain solutions support multi-node access, they lack refined channel isolation and private dataset design for power plant material procurement scenarios. This makes it difficult to achieve efficient collaboration and cross-chain query of business data such as orders, logistics, and quality inspection while protecting the privacy of sensitive information (such as purchase price and formula).

[0007] The smart contract collaboration mechanism is imperfect: existing systems mostly use independent contracts to handle single business, lacking event listening and linkage mechanisms between contracts. For example, logistics anomalies fail to automatically trigger the adjustment of acceptance time limits, and quality inspection failures fail to automatically freeze payments, resulting in delayed process response and reliance on manual intervention.

[0008] Insufficient full lifecycle traceability capabilities: Although existing technologies support the uploading of key data to the blockchain, they have not achieved full-chain data aggregation and visual traceability from raw materials, production, transportation, quality inspection to acceptance, making it difficult to meet the regulatory agencies' requirements for penetrating audits of material quality. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This application provides a blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system, which aims to solve the problems of imperfect data source trust mechanism, limited multi-business channel collaboration and privacy protection capabilities, imperfect smart contract collaboration mechanism, and insufficient full life cycle traceability capabilities in existing technologies.

[0010] A blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system includes:

[0011] The data acquisition layer is configured to deploy heterogeneous IoT terminals and edge computing units at various nodes of the supply chain to collect raw data from material production, logistics, quality inspection and acceptance processes in real time, and then upload the data after encryption, signing and normalization. The edge computing unit has a built-in hardware security module for storing the device private key and calling the national cryptographic algorithm to encrypt and sign the data.

[0012] The blockchain network layer communicates with the data acquisition layer and constructs a multi-channel isolated distributed ledger based on a consortium blockchain architecture. This ledger stores data from each stage and its hash digests, and enables cross-organizational data sharing and access control. When receiving data, the blockchain network layer verifies digital signatures and device identities to ensure the trustworthiness of the data source.

[0013] The smart contract layer, deployed within the blockchain network layer, includes procurement contracts, logistics contracts, quality inspection contracts, acceptance and payment contracts, and traceability query contracts. These contracts are used to automatically execute business logic, handle state transitions, and coordinate data. The smart contracts coordinate with each other through an event listening mechanism, automatically triggering the execution of related contracts based on changes in business state.

[0014] The application layer interacts with the blockchain network layer, providing multi-terminal applications for suppliers, logistics providers, quality inspection agencies, power plants, and regulatory agencies, for data visualization, business operations, and risk warning.

[0015] Optionally, the data acquisition layer includes:

[0016] Industrial-grade sensors, machine vision cameras, and RFID readers deployed in the supplier’s production workshop are used to collect process parameters and generate unique electronic tags.

[0017] GPS / BeiDou positioning terminals, temperature and humidity sensors, and acceleration sensors deployed on logistics vehicles are used to monitor the transportation environment and trajectory in real time.

[0018] Automated testing equipment and edge nodes deployed in quality inspection laboratories are used to capture test waveform data and convert it into paper records using OCR.

[0019] Explosion-proof industrial PDAs deployed in power plant warehouses are used to scan material labels, capture images, and verify authenticity.

[0020] Each data acquisition terminal performs data cleaning, format encapsulation, digital signature, and encrypted upload through an edge computing gateway.

[0021] Optionally, the blockchain network layer is built on Hyperledger Fabric and includes:

[0022] Multiple participating organizational nodes, including power plants, suppliers, logistics providers, quality inspection agencies, and regulatory agencies, each register their identities and set read and write permissions through a certificate issuing authority;

[0023] Multiple independent business channels, including a purchase order channel, a logistics traceability channel, and a quality inspection and evidence storage channel, store corresponding business data separately and achieve ledger isolation;

[0024] A private dataset is used to store sensitive information such as raw material formulas and purchase prices; only a data summary is retained on the blockchain.

[0025] The global index service is used to monitor events in each channel and establish a mapping relationship between material identifiers and block locations, supporting efficient cross-chain queries.

[0026] Optionally, the smart contract layer includes:

[0027] Purchase contracts are used to manage the order lifecycle status, including order creation, confirmation, modification and termination, and have a built-in price linkage compensation algorithm;

[0028] Logistics contracts are used to dynamically monitor transportation routes and environmental parameters, triggering alarms for deviations, timeouts, or environmental anomalies and storing them on the blockchain.

[0029] The quality inspection contract is used to receive testing data and perform dynamic weighted scoring, supporting the re-inspection process for non-conforming products and a veto mechanism.

[0030] The acceptance and payment contract is used to automatically confirm ownership and trigger installment payment instructions based on the quality inspection and acceptance results.

[0031] The traceability query contract is used to aggregate and display the entire life cycle data of materials across channels based on the material identification code, and supports zero-knowledge proof verification mode.

[0032] Optionally, the automatic triggering of associated contract execution based on changes in business status specifically includes:

[0033] Once the yaw alarm triggered by the logistics contract is captured by the acceptance and payment contract, the delivery time is automatically extended.

[0034] If the quality inspection contract determines that the product is unqualified, the payment contract will suspend payment and notify the procurement contract to enter the dispute resolution process.

[0035] Optionally, the application layer includes:

[0036] Supplier-side applications are used for order management, production progress reporting, and on-chain quality data.

[0037] Logistics-side applications are used for receiving transportation tasks, uploading tracking information, and reporting anomalies.

[0038] The quality inspection terminal application is used for receiving inspection tasks, entering raw data, and generating and uploading reports to the blockchain.

[0039] Power plant applications include procurement planning, goods receipt and acceptance, material traceability and risk warning.

[0040] The regulatory application is used for comprehensive data monitoring, statistical report generation, and anomaly tracing.

[0041] Optionally, the application layer interacts with the blockchain network layer through an API gateway, supporting identity authentication, access control, on-chain operation logs, and cross-system data synchronization.

[0042] Optionally, the blockchain network layer also includes an IPFS distributed storage system for storing high-resolution unstructured data, with only its hash value and CID identifier retained on the chain.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0044] This application addresses the issue of data source trust by deploying heterogeneous IoT terminals and edge computing units in supplier workshops, logistics vehicles, quality inspection laboratories, and power plant warehouses, combining hardware security modules with national cryptographic algorithms to encrypt and sign data, and verifying device identity and data integrity at the blockchain network layer. This ensures that the data uploaded to the blockchain originates from trusted devices and is non-repudiable.

[0045] This application is based on the Hyperledger Fabric consortium blockchain architecture, setting up nodes for multiple organizations such as power plants, suppliers, logistics providers, quality inspection agencies, and regulatory agencies. Through multi-channel isolation, private datasets, and fine-grained access control, it not only ensures the confidentiality of sensitive data such as purchase prices and raw material formulas, but also enables the trusted sharing of business data such as orders, logistics, and quality inspection within the authorized scope.

[0046] The system deploys five types of contracts: procurement, logistics, quality inspection, acceptance and payment, and traceability. An event monitoring mechanism enables loosely coupled collaboration between these contracts. For example, logistics deviations automatically extend delivery deadlines, and quality inspection failures automatically freeze payments and trigger dispute resolution, significantly reducing manual intervention and improving process response speed and execution transparency.

[0047] Through global indexing services and cross-chain routing mechanisms, the system enables the aggregation and display of data across the entire supply chain, from raw materials to deployment, supporting transparent auditing by regulatory agencies. By combining IPFS storage for unstructured data, only hash values ​​are stored on-chain, balancing data integrity and storage efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the module connection of a blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0050] The blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system provided in this application includes: a data acquisition layer, a blockchain network layer, a smart contract layer, and an application layer.

[0051] At the data acquisition layer, a ubiquitous sensing network covering the entire lifecycle of materials is constructed by deploying heterogeneous IoT terminals and edge computing units at key nodes in the supply chain. Specifically:

[0052] In the supplier's production workshop, industrial-grade sensors (such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and diameter micrometers) and machine vision cameras are installed on core equipment such as extruders, cross-linking production lines, and partial discharge detectors to collect process parameters in real time, including the extrusion temperature of the cable conductor, the eccentricity of the insulation layer, and the degree of cross-linking. RFID readers are used to generate unique electronic tags for each reel of cable, recording information such as raw material batch number, production time, and operator. All raw data is aggregated to a field edge computing gateway via the workshop's industrial Ethernet. This gateway has a built-in data cleaning module that removes outliers caused by sensor drift or communication interruptions and normalizes and encapsulates multi-source heterogeneous data according to a preset protocol format (such as OPC UA or MQTT).

[0053] In the logistics and transportation process, each transport vehicle is equipped with a high-precision GPS / BeiDou dual-mode positioning terminal, a temperature and humidity recorder, a three-axis accelerometer, and a smart door magnetic switch. The positioning terminal outputs latitude and longitude coordinates at a frequency of seconds, the temperature and humidity sensor records environmental data inside the vehicle every 5 minutes, and the accelerometer is used to monitor severe bumps or tilting events during transportation. The above data undergoes preliminary compression and caching through the onboard smart terminal (with a built-in 4G / 5G communication module), and a digital signature is generated in conjunction with the vehicle's identity certificate to ensure that the data originates from a trusted device.

[0054] In the quality inspection laboratory, automated testing equipment (such as power frequency withstand voltage testers, partial discharge testers, and insulation resistance testers) are connected to the laboratory data acquisition workstation via RS485 or Ethernet interfaces. The workstation automatically captures raw waveform data, peak value records, and judgment results. Simultaneously, it uses OCR technology to scan paper order forms and original records, converting key fields (such as sample number, test item, standard value, and measured value) into structured data. All data is encrypted via a dedicated laboratory edge node and then appended with a timestamp and device fingerprint.

[0055] In the power plant warehouse, acceptance personnel use handheld explosion-proof industrial PDAs (integrating UHF RFID readers and high-definition cameras) to scan the electronic tags on goods, automatically retrieving order information for comparison, and simultaneously taking photos of the appearance, sealing status, and videos of the loading and unloading process. The PDA's built-in edge computing app can verify the authenticity of the tags in real time and compress and extract features from the images (such as extracting QR code areas and generating thumbnails), reducing upload bandwidth usage.

[0056] All edge nodes use a Hardware Security Module (HSM) to store the device's private key and encrypt the data payload using the national cryptographic algorithms SM2 or SM4. The encrypted data packets are submitted to the blockchain network layer via an API gateway. The API gateway is responsible for connection management, protocol conversion (such as converting MQTT to HTTP / 2), traffic shaping, and resuming transmission after network outages. Before forwarding, the gateway adds a globally unique sequence number to each batch of data and establishes a two-way TLS authentication channel with the blockchain nodes to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data transmission.

[0057] Furthermore, to prevent data source spoofing, each IoT device undergoes blockchain identity registration before leaving the factory, with its public key hash value recorded in the device registry of the smart contract. Data uploaded by edge nodes must be accompanied by a digital signature generated using the corresponding private key. Upon receiving the data, the blockchain node first verifies the validity of the signature, thereby establishing a trusted anchor point from the physical world to the digital world.

[0058] At the blockchain network layer, a consortium blockchain system for power plant material procurement scenarios is built based on the Hyperledger Fabric framework. Through multi-channel isolation, private datasets, and layered consensus mechanisms, it achieves secure data sharing and privacy protection across organizations.

[0059] Firstly, in the node topology design of the consortium blockchain, the system sets up five core participating organizations: the power plant, as the procurement entity, has the authority to call chaincode and endorse transactions; the supplier organization is responsible for uploading production batch data and quality inspection reports; the logistics service provider organization updates transportation trajectories and environmental parameters in real time; the third-party quality inspection agency organization independently stores and verifies the original testing data and judgment results; and the regulatory agency organization has read-only access to all blockchain data for penetrating auditing and risk monitoring. Each organization registers its identity through the Fabric certificate authority, and strictly controls read and write permissions based on the member service provider policy to ensure that unauthorized nodes cannot access sensitive business data.

[0060] To address the varying levels of data sensitivity across the entire procurement process, this invention employs a layered, multi-chain storage architecture. Specifically, the system is divided into multiple independent channels based on business domains: the procurement order channel is limited to power plants and their corresponding suppliers, storing contract texts, price terms, and delivery plans; the logistics traceability channel is shared by power plants, logistics providers, and regulators, recording GPS tracks, temperature and humidity time-series data, and electronic fence alarm events; the quality inspection and evidence storage channel is open to quality inspection agencies and power plants, storing original waveforms, measured insulation resistance values, and pass / fail conclusions. Each channel maintains an independent ledger and chaincode, achieving strong data isolation. For high-resolution unstructured data such as original inspection reports and acceptance images, the system stores their hash values ​​on the blockchain, while the original files are stored in the IPFS distributed file system, retaining only the CID identifier and file fingerprint on the chain. This ensures data immutability while avoiding performance degradation caused by ledger expansion.

[0061] At the privacy protection level, for highly sensitive information such as supplier raw material formulas and purchase prices, the system enables the Fabric private dataset function. When power plants negotiate price terms with suppliers, sensitive data is only written to the private state database of authorized nodes, and only the hashed data digest is stored on the blockchain. Other channel members can only verify the existence of the data but cannot view the original content. At the same time, the raw waveform data of quality inspection is encrypted using the national cryptographic algorithm SM4 before being uploaded, and the decryption key is distributed to the power plant and regulators through an off-chain secure channel to achieve end-to-end data confidentiality.

[0062] The consensus mechanism is designed to balance security and transaction processing efficiency. The core channel of the system adopts an improved Raft consensus protocol. Ordering service nodes are deployed on the core server clusters of power plants, provincial material companies, and regulatory agencies. The number of transactions packaged in a single block is dynamically adjusted to 500, and the block generation timeout threshold is set to 2 seconds. Experiments show that under this configuration, the system throughput can reach 1600-1700 transactions / second, and the 99th percentile transaction confirmation latency is controlled within 1 second, meeting the performance requirements for concurrent management of millions of cable batches. For critical operations involving the on-chain recording of quality inspection results endorsed by multiple institutions, the system adopts a hybrid consensus strategy: ordinary logistics status updates use Raft consensus to pursue low latency; when disputes arise such as supplier appeals or re-inspection rulings, a PBFT-like consensus process is triggered, requiring at least 2 / 3 of the regulatory nodes to participate in verification to ensure the final result is non-repudiable.

[0063] To improve cross-channel data retrieval efficiency, the system builds a global index service at the application layer. This service periodically monitors events in each channel, extracts the mapping relationship between the unique identifier of an asset and its channel and block height, and stores it in the sidechain database. When a user initiates a source tracing query, the system first retrieves the index service to locate the channel where the target data is located, and then initiates a precise query to the corresponding channel via cross-link protocol, avoiding broadcasting search requests across the entire network and significantly reducing query response time.

[0064] At the smart contract layer, based on the Hyperledger Fabric chaincode system, five types of core smart contracts were designed and deployed, corresponding to business scenarios such as procurement, logistics, quality inspection, acceptance and payment, and traceability. The contract code is written in Java or Go, encapsulating business rules in a modular manner and enabling cross-contract collaboration and interaction with external systems through an event mechanism. All contracts undergo multi-signature approval before instantiation to ensure the transparency and immutability of the code logic.

[0065] Specifically, it includes:

[0066] The Purchase Contract manages the entire lifecycle state machine from demand release to order confirmation. Internally, the contract defines three states: Draft, Effective, and Modified or Terminated. When the power plant's authorized node calls the `createOrder` method, it passes in parameters such as the material category (e.g., 10kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated power cable), technical specification code (corresponding to national standard GB / T 12706), purchase quantity, milestone delivery nodes (e.g., first sample delivery, batch delivery), and warranty deposit percentage. The system automatically generates a globally unique order number and writes the order hash value to the ledger. After accepting the order, the supplier must call `confirmOrder` and upload the production schedule within a specified time; failure to confirm within the deadline will trigger the contract to automatically close the order. When design changes or urgent requisitions occur, the power plant can call `amendOrder`, but all modification records are stored in a version chain and must not overwrite the original data. To mitigate the risk of price fluctuations, the contract incorporates a copper price-linked compensation algorithm: if the average closing price of the main contract on the Shanghai Futures Exchange exceeds the contract price by 5% for five consecutive trading days, the contract will automatically calculate the compensation amount and send a price adjustment notification to both parties. The compensation will be processed together with the final payment.

[0067] The LogisticsContract enables digital monitoring and anomaly alerts throughout the transportation process. When a logistics provider calls `startShipment`, it must provide the vehicle license plate number, driver's digital identity, origin latitude and longitude, and estimated arrival time window. The contract then activates a dynamic monitoring process: every ten minutes, it receives encrypted location data packets uploaded by the vehicle's terminal, obtains real-time traffic conditions from Gaode or Baidu Maps via an on-chain Oracle service, and dynamically calculates the distance deviating from the planned route. If the deviation exceeds 20 kilometers or there is no movement for 30 consecutive minutes (suspected congestion or delay), the contract triggers a `DeviationAlert` event, records the alarm, and pushes it to the power plant's app. For cold chain transportation or temperature and humidity-sensitive insulation materials, the contract checks the uploaded values ​​from the vehicle's temperature and humidity sensors every five minutes. If the temperature exceeds 70℃ or the relative humidity is higher than 85%RH, it automatically locks the batch status and notifies the quality inspection agency to prepare for re-inspection. After the transportation node is completed, the carrier calls `completeSegment` and uploads a digital signature and handover photo hash, generating an irreversible timestamped evidence chain on the blockchain.

[0068] The Inspection Contract is a core module ensuring the reliability of material quality. When the inspection agency calls `startInspection`, it needs to associate the purchase order number and sampling order number. The system automatically retrieves the factory standards for that model of material (e.g., partial discharge ≤10pC, AC withstand voltage ≥30kV / 5min). After the automated laboratory testing equipment completes the test, it pushes the raw data to the front-end server via the MQTT protocol. The front-end server calls the `uploadResult` method to upload the measured values. The contract has a built-in dynamic weighted scoring algorithm: for the key indicator of insulation thickness, a deviation within ±0.1mm deducts 5 points, a deviation between ±0.1mm and ±0.2mm deducts 20 points, and a deviation exceeding ±0.2mm is directly considered unqualified; if the copper shielding strip has three consecutive breaks, a veto mechanism is triggered. The scoring results and the sampling image hash value are uploaded to the blockchain. When a non-conformity occurs, the contract automatically freezes the batch and pushes a re-inspection application entry to the supplier. The re-inspection process requires at least two institutions to witness before it takes effect to prevent unilateral tampering with the judgment conclusion.

[0069] The Acceptance and Payment Contract (ACP) enables automatic confirmation of ownership and settlement of funds after delivery of goods. After scanning the RFID tag on the goods, power plant warehouse personnel call `confirmReceipt` and upload the receipt confirmation hash. The contract verifies the purchase order number, quantity received, and preliminary quality inspection results. If all conditions are met, the acceptance status is updated. For installment payment scenarios, the contract executes automatically based on milestones: 10% prepayment is unlocked upon initial sample confirmation, 60% upon bulk delivery, and the remaining 30% upon final acceptance report issuance. Payment instructions are sent to the bank's digital RMB interface or the enterprise's fund management system via a cross-chain gateway, and the transaction hash is transmitted back to the blockchain. If the supplier fails to deliver on time, the contract automatically calculates a penalty according to the penalty clauses and deducts an equal amount from the performance bond; the fund flow record is publicly traceable.

[0070] The Traceability Contract provides a unified view of the entire lifecycle of materials. Authorized users can invoke `queryByProductId` and input the unique laser code or RFID code on the cable reel. The contract first retrieves basic information from the purchase order channel, then reads the transportation trajectory across the logistics channel, pulls the test report summary from the quality inspection channel, and finally obtains the commissioning time and maintenance records from the acceptance channel. All data is encapsulated in JSON-LD format and supports expansion by timeline or aggregation by node. To prevent massive queries from impacting consensus node performance, the contract sets up a query caching layer: for the same material ID repeatedly queried within 24 hours, results are returned first from the state database, and the block file is only retrieved again when the latest block height of the ledger changes. In addition, the contract supports zero-knowledge proof verification mode: when a third party (such as a financial institution) only needs to verify whether a batch of cables is qualified without knowing the specific values, the `verifyQualified` method can be called. The contract returns a boolean value without revealing the original test data, balancing transparency and trade secret protection.

[0071] Five types of contracts achieve loosely coupled collaboration through Fabric's event listening mechanism: for example, a deviation alarm triggered by a logistics contract can be captured by the acceptance contract, which automatically extends the receipt deadline for that batch; if a quality inspection contract determines that a product is unqualified, the payment contract suspends the final payment and notifies the procurement contract to enter the dispute resolution subprocess. All contract code has undergone third-party security audits and is written into the metadata of the blockchain genesis block during deployment to ensure that the business logic and ledger data are equally tamper-proof.

[0072] At the application layer, this invention designs and develops five types of front-end application systems based on a microservice architecture, catering to different roles: supplier, logistics, quality inspection, power plant, and regulatory. Each application interacts with the blockchain network layer through a unified API gateway to obtain real-time on-chain data and submit business operation requests. The application layer adopts a front-end / back-end separation model. The front-end uses a responsive interface built on the Vue or React framework, while the back-end services utilize the Spring Cloud or Go-Zero framework to implement service registration, discovery, and load balancing, ensuring system stability under high concurrency scenarios. All user operations require authentication via digital certificates or biometrics, and operation logs are fully stored on the blockchain for traceability.

[0073] Specifically, it includes:

[0074] The supplier-side application targets material manufacturers and complete equipment suppliers, providing modules for order management, production progress tracking, and quality data reporting. The order management module displays all related purchase orders in a Kanban format, categorized and aggregated by status (pending confirmation, in production, shipped, accepted). Suppliers can click to enter the details page to view technical specifications, drawings, and contract terms. The production progress tracking module allows suppliers to upload production plans by batch and report the completion time of key processes in real time, such as conductor stranding dates, insulation extrusion dates, and finished product testing dates. The system uses a Gantt chart to visually display deviations from contract delivery milestones; if progress lags behind a threshold, an alert is automatically sent to the power plant. The quality data reporting module has a built-in standard indicator library corresponding to purchased materials. When suppliers enter factory inspection data for raw materials (such as conductor DC resistance and insulation tensile strength), the system automatically compares it with national standards and contract-specific requirements. Items exceeding the standards are highlighted in red, and the system requires the upload of records of non-conforming product handling. After all submitted data is digitally signed by the supplier, it is uploaded to the blockchain for verification through the API gateway by calling the procurement contract and quality inspection contract to ensure the authenticity of the data source.

[0075] The logistics application is deployed in the transportation company's dispatch center and on drivers' mobile terminals, encompassing three main functions: receiving transportation tasks, real-time trajectory uploading, and anomaly reporting. The dispatch center views all pending transportation tasks via a web interface. The system intelligently recommends vehicle types and routes based on cargo volume, weight, and destination. After receiving a task via the app, the driver automatically activates the background GPS service, collecting location coordinates at a rate of seconds and combining this with base station-assisted positioning technology to ensure signal coverage in tunnels or mountainous areas. The trajectory data is denoised using a Kalman filter algorithm and then packaged and uploaded to the logistics contract every five minutes. During the journey, the application continuously monitors vehicle sensor data. If there is continuous rapid acceleration, sudden braking, or a tilt angle exceeding a safety threshold, a bump alarm is automatically triggered, and video footage of the incident is recorded. When a driver discovers damaged seals, sudden weather changes, or a traffic accident, they can call the anomaly reporting module with one click, take photos of the scene, and fill out a description. The system will freeze the current transportation task status until the dispatch center confirms a handling plan. All anomaly events and handling records are stored on the blockchain as evidence for subsequent liability determination.

[0076] The quality inspection application serves third-party testing institutions and power research institutes, supporting the entire process of receiving testing tasks, entering raw data, and generating reports on the blockchain. The task receiving module automatically pulls a list of tasks to be inspected from the blockchain. The list includes the sample number, the commissioning unit, the testing items, and the standard reference. After the testing personnel click "Start Test," the application establishes a connection with the laboratory's automated equipment (such as a universal testing machine or partial discharge tester) via an OPC client, capturing waveform curves and characteristic values ​​during the testing process in real time. The raw data entry module supports both manual and automatic data collection modes: for older equipment, testing personnel can take photos and upload them for OCR engine recognition; for digitized equipment, data is directly written into a form and a hash digest is generated. The report generation module automatically arranges the testing data according to a preset template, generating a PDF file containing a unique traceability code. This file is encrypted and stored in the IPFS system, and its CID and file hash value are uploaded to the blockchain through the quality inspection contract. For non-compliant samples, the system automatically triggers a re-inspection process, requiring at least two authorized personnel to jointly review the raw waveform. The review comments and signatures are written to the on-chain remarks field.

[0077] The power plant application serves as the command center for material procurement management, providing procurement specialists, warehouse managers, and operations personnel with functions such as procurement planning, goods receipt and acceptance confirmation, material traceability query, and supply chain risk warning. The procurement planning module supports importing annual investment plans and intelligently generates monthly procurement lists by combining inventory thresholds and project progress. After multi-level approval, the plan calls upon the procurement contract to generate formal orders. Upon goods receipt and acceptance, warehouse personnel use industrial PDAs to scan material labels. The application automatically retrieves order information and quality inspection results, verifying the specifications, quantity, and appearance of each item. Acceptance images are uploaded in real time and linked to the order number. The traceability query module provides a visual timeline. After entering the cable reel number or transformer serial number, it graphically displays the complete chain from raw material procurement, production, transportation trajectory, quality inspection reports to commissioning records. Clicking on any node expands the original document hash value and storage timestamp. The risk warning panel gathers abnormal events from the entire supply chain and displays them in levels according to severity (timing, warning, severe). For example, a supplier fails quality inspections three times in a row, or logistics vehicles frequently deviate from their routes. The risk model trained based on historical data can predict potential delivery risks in advance and suggest alternative suppliers or transportation solutions.

[0078] The regulatory application targets the materials department, energy regulatory office, and audit department of power companies, providing comprehensive data monitoring, multi-dimensional statistical reports, and anomaly event tracing functions. The data monitoring dashboard updates key on-chain indicators in real time, including the number of currently active orders, batches of goods in transit, number of samples awaiting inspection, and today's on-chain transaction volume. The map component dynamically displays the real-time location and status of logistics vehicles nationwide. The statistical reporting module supports generating reports by organization, time, and material category, such as supplier delivery on-time rate trend charts, quality inspection pass rate ranking tables, and heat maps of transportation anomaly distribution. All report data can be exported as encrypted PDFs with one click and accompanied by blockchain-based evidence. The anomaly tracing module provides an audit-level query entry point. After auditors enter the order number or time period, the system returns a complete log of all related operations, including the operator's identity, operation time, called contract methods, and transaction hashes. The original data and endorsement signature list can be viewed in the blockchain explorer through the transaction hashes, ensuring that any disputes are traceable.

[0079] Furthermore, the application layer integrates a unified identity authentication and access control system, implementing single sign-on based on the OAuth 2.0 protocol and dynamically configuring menu visibility and operation permissions according to user roles. The system synchronizes data with the enterprise's ERP, WMS, and OA systems via message queues. For example, after a purchase order takes effect, it is automatically pushed to the ERP system to generate a purchase receipt; after acceptance, the WMS inventory ledger is updated synchronously. All cross-system interactions are recorded in the log center, and log data is periodically archived to an offline data warehouse for subsequent data mining and model optimization.

[0080] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition layer is configured to deploy heterogeneous IoT terminals and edge computing units at each node of the supply chain to collect raw data from the production, logistics, quality inspection and acceptance processes of materials in real time, and then upload the data after encryption, signing and normalization. The edge computing unit has a built-in hardware security module for storing the device's private key and calling the national cryptographic algorithm to encrypt and sign the data; The blockchain network layer communicates with the data acquisition layer and constructs a multi-channel isolated distributed ledger based on a consortium blockchain architecture. This ledger stores data from each stage and its hash digests, and enables cross-organizational data sharing and access control. When receiving data, the blockchain network layer verifies digital signatures and device identities to ensure the trustworthiness of the data source. The smart contract layer, deployed within the blockchain network layer, includes procurement contracts, logistics contracts, quality inspection contracts, acceptance and payment contracts, and traceability query contracts. These contracts are used to automatically execute business logic, handle state transitions, and coordinate data. The smart contracts coordinate with each other through an event listening mechanism, automatically triggering the execution of related contracts based on changes in business state. The application layer interacts with the blockchain network layer, providing multi-terminal applications for suppliers, logistics providers, quality inspection agencies, power plants, and regulatory agencies, for data visualization, business operations, and risk warning.

2. The blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition layer includes: Industrial-grade sensors, machine vision cameras, and RFID readers deployed in the supplier’s production workshop are used to collect process parameters and generate unique electronic tags. GPS / BeiDou positioning terminals, temperature and humidity sensors, and acceleration sensors deployed on logistics vehicles are used to monitor the transportation environment and trajectory in real time. Automated testing equipment and edge nodes deployed in quality inspection laboratories are used to capture test waveform data and convert it into paper records using OCR. Explosion-proof industrial PDAs deployed in power plant warehouses are used to scan material labels, capture images, and verify authenticity. Each data acquisition terminal performs data cleaning, format encapsulation, digital signature, and encrypted upload through an edge computing gateway.

3. The blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blockchain network layer is built on Hyperledger Fabric and includes: Multiple participating organizational nodes, including power plants, suppliers, logistics providers, quality inspection agencies, and regulatory agencies, each register their identities and set read and write permissions through a certificate issuing authority; Multiple independent business channels, including a purchase order channel, a logistics traceability channel, and a quality inspection and evidence storage channel, store corresponding business data separately and achieve ledger isolation; A private dataset is used to store sensitive information such as raw material formulas and purchase prices; only a data summary is retained on the blockchain. The global index service is used to monitor events in each channel and establish a mapping relationship between material identifiers and block locations, supporting efficient cross-chain queries.

4. The blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The smart contract layer includes: Purchase contracts are used to manage the order lifecycle status, including order creation, confirmation, modification and termination, and have a built-in price linkage compensation algorithm; Logistics contracts are used to dynamically monitor transportation routes and environmental parameters, triggering alarms for deviations, timeouts, or environmental anomalies and storing them on the blockchain. The quality inspection contract is used to receive testing data and perform dynamic weighted scoring, supporting the re-inspection process for non-conforming products and a veto mechanism. The acceptance and payment contract is used to automatically confirm ownership and trigger installment payment instructions based on the quality inspection and acceptance results. The traceability query contract is used to aggregate and display the entire life cycle data of materials across channels based on the material identification code, and supports zero-knowledge proof verification mode.

5. The blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The automatic triggering of associated contract execution based on changes in business status specifically includes: Once a deviation alarm triggered by a logistics contract is captured by the acceptance and payment contract, the delivery time is automatically extended. If the quality inspection contract determines that the product is unqualified, the payment contract will be suspended and the procurement contract will be notified to enter the dispute resolution process.

6. The blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application layer includes: Supplier-side applications are used for order management, production progress reporting, and on-chain quality data. Logistics-side applications are used for receiving transportation tasks, uploading tracking information, and reporting anomalies. The quality inspection terminal application is used for receiving inspection tasks, entering raw data, and generating and uploading reports to the blockchain. Power plant applications include procurement planning, goods receipt and acceptance, material traceability and risk warning. The regulatory application is used for comprehensive data monitoring, statistical report generation, and anomaly tracing.

7. The blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The application layer interacts with the blockchain network layer through an API gateway, supporting identity authentication, access control, on-chain operation logs, and cross-system data synchronization.

8. The blockchain-based power plant material procurement traceability and collaborative management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blockchain network layer also includes the IPFS distributed storage system, which is used to store high-resolution unstructured data, with only its hash value and CID identifier retained on the chain.

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