Method and apparatus for manufacturing individualized whole-body physical phantom

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of medical models, in particular to a manufacturing method and device of an individualized whole-body physical phantom, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining body size parameters and physiological parameters of a target individual; then, based on the body size parameters and the physiological parameters, a digital human body surface element model of the target individual is established; based on a target tissue in the digital human body surface element model, an equivalent index of the target tissue is calculated; then, an equivalent material formula of the target tissue is determined according to the equivalent index; and finally, an additive manufacturing task of the target individual is performed according to the digital human body surface element model and the equivalent material formula, so as to manufacture a whole-body physical phantom of the target individual. Therefore, the problem that in the prior art, the whole-body phantom is usually based on fixed body size and standard posture, only covers limited body type and posture combinations, and is difficult to depict height, weight, age, gender, body fat distribution and external irradiation environment differences, thereby limiting the effectiveness of the phantom in individualized dose optimization and multi-scenario adaptation is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of medical model technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for manufacturing an individualized whole-body physical phantom. Background Technology

[0002] Human models are the core object and fundamental research tool in ionizing radiation dosimetry. The two basic tasks of dosimetry are dose calculation and dose measurement: the former relies on digital human models to conduct Monte Carlo numerical simulations and assessments of radiation transport; the latter uses physical human phantoms to replace real human bodies, performing a series of tests such as measurement verification, efficiency calibration, dose reconstruction, and imaging performance testing. These tasks widely serve radiation protection, radiodiagnosis, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, and the broader field of external radiation dose assessment (including industrial radiation detection, nuclear facility radiation monitoring, and aerospace radiation environment).

[0003] In related technologies, human physical phantoms serve as a key carrier in the "simulation prediction-physical verification" closed loop. On the one hand, they support the performance evaluation of medical imaging equipment and the optimization of clinical dosage; on the other hand, they undertake the responsibilities of quality control and dose risk assessment in radiation protection and external irradiation testing. Physical phantoms typically approximate the geometric and physical properties of the whole or local organs of the human body by allocating tissue equivalent materials by region and assembling them structurally, thereby simulating the interaction between the human body and ionizing radiation.

[0004] However, in related technologies, full-body models are mostly based on fixed physiques and standard postures, covering only a limited combination of body types and postures. They are difficult to depict differences in height, weight, age, gender, body fat distribution, and external irradiation environment, which limits their effectiveness in individualized dose optimization and multi-scenario adaptation, and urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method and apparatus for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom, which solves the problem that in related technologies, full-body phantoms are mostly based on fixed physique and standard posture, covering only a limited combination of body types and postures, making it difficult to depict differences in height, weight, age, gender, body fat distribution and external irradiation environment, thus limiting the effectiveness of the phantom in individualized dose optimization and multi-scenario adaptation.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom, comprising the following steps: obtaining the physical parameters and physiological parameters of a target individual; establishing a digital human body surface model of the target individual based on the physical parameters and physiological parameters, calculating the equivalent index of the target tissue based on the target tissue in the digital human body surface model; determining the equivalent material formula of the target tissue according to the equivalent index, and performing an additive manufacturing task of the target individual according to the digital human body surface model and the equivalent material formula to manufacture the full-body physical phantom of the target individual.

[0007] Based on the above technical means, this application embodiment obtains the physical and physiological parameters of the target individual and establishes a digital human body surface model of the target individual, effectively breaking through the limitations of fixed physique and standard posture phantoms. This allows the phantom to accurately reflect individual differences and supports the rapid generation and controllable deformation of complex postures. In addition, by calculating the equivalent index of the target tissue and determining the equivalent material formula, a material design scheme covering a wider energy spectrum range can be achieved, significantly improving the accuracy of dose measurement under multi-energy spectrum conditions. Furthermore, it realizes the detailed characterization of human organs, reducing dose measurement errors caused by the simplification of organ characterization and improving the measurement accuracy under multi-energy spectrum and multi-radiation source conditions. Moreover, by performing the additive manufacturing task of the target individual and manufacturing the full-body physical phantom of the target individual, different materials can be automatically switched during the printing process to effectively adapt to the physical properties of each organ. It also allows for rapid replacement and customization according to different application needs, enhancing the scalability and applicability of the phantom.

[0008] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the step of establishing a digital human body surface model of the target individual based on the physical parameters and the physiological parameters includes: querying a preset human body model database using the physical parameters and the physiological parameters as indexes to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual; generating a first human body model of the target human body; adjusting the bones, soft tissues, and internal organs in the first human body model based on the physical parameters and the internal organ parameters to generate a second human body model of the target human body; and repairing the second human body model to establish the digital human body surface model.

[0009] Based on the above technical means, this application embodiment uses physical parameters and physiological parameters as indexes to query a preset human model database to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual. Based on the physical parameters and internal organ parameters, the skeleton, soft tissue, and internal organs in the first human model are adjusted to establish a digital human body surface model. This can ensure personalized evaluation of the phantom using the physical parameters of the target individual. It can also introduce the target posture when adjusting the skeleton, soft tissue, and internal organs, realizing the rapid generation and controllable deformation of the target individual's standing, sitting, upper limb abduction, and pitching postures. In addition, by querying the internal organ parameters of the target individual using physical parameters and physiological parameters as indexes, it is ensured that changes in the target individual's physique can update the volume, mass, and relative position of the internal organs, effectively improving the consistency and accuracy of physical phantom dosage measurement.

[0010] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, calculating the equivalent index of the target tissue includes: calculating the physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient of the target tissue based on the type and material characteristic parameters of the target tissue; and determining the equivalent index based on the physical density, the effective atomic number, and the mass decay coefficient.

[0011] Based on the above technical means, the embodiments of this application calculate the physical density, effective atomic number and mass decay coefficient of the target tissue and determine the equivalent index. The physical density, effective atomic number and mass decay coefficient can be used as constraints to realize the tissue equivalent material formulation design within the external irradiation energy range, ensuring tissue equivalence consistency under multi-energy spectrum and multi-radiation source conditions.

[0012] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, determining the equivalent material formulation of the target tissue based on the equivalent index includes: determining at least one 3D printing substrate and at least one additive for the target tissue; establishing a candidate material library for the target tissue based on the at least one 3D printing substrate and the at least one additive; generating a candidate equivalent index dataset of the candidate material library; filtering from the candidate equivalent index data using the equivalent index to obtain a preliminary formulation range of the target tissue that meets preset screening conditions; and determining the equivalent material formulation of the target tissue based on the preliminary formulation range.

[0013] Based on the above technical means, this application embodiment establishes a candidate material library for the target tissue by determining the 3D printing substrate and additives of the target tissue, and uses equivalent indices to determine the equivalent material formulation of the target tissue. In the phantom, it realizes the detailed characterization of lung tissue, bone tissue subtypes and major parenchymal organs, effectively reducing the dose deviation caused by the simplification of organ characterization, and providing more accurate dose measurement and spatial dose distribution, especially under multi-energy spectrum and complex irradiation geometry.

[0014] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the step of performing additive manufacturing of the target individual based on the digital human body model and the equivalent material formulation to manufacture a full-body physical phantom of the target individual includes: determining the placement position of the dose measurement element cavity in the digital human body model to obtain a full-body body model of the target individual based on the placement position; performing the additive manufacturing task based on the full-body body model and the equivalent material formulation to obtain a full-body physical phantom element of the target individual; and calibrating and assembling the full-body physical phantom element to obtain the full-body physical phantom.

[0015] Based on the above technical means, the embodiments of this application can introduce a variety of printing technologies by performing additive manufacturing tasks, thereby improving the geometric realization capability of subsequent whole-body physical phantoms. In the parallel manufacturing of complex structures and multiple organs, high precision and stability are maintained. In addition, by calibrating and assembling whole-body physical phantom components to obtain a whole-body physical phantom, the flexibility and scalability of whole-body physical phantom preparation can be improved. Components can be adjusted or replaced according to different application scenarios, which has significant advantages, especially in radiation protection and dose assessment work that requires rapid customization and multiple reuse.

[0016] A second aspect of this application provides an individualized full-body physical phantom manufacturing apparatus, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring physical and physiological parameters of a target individual; a calculation module for establishing a digital human body surface model of the target individual based on the physical and physiological parameters, and calculating an equivalent index of the target tissue based on the target tissue in the digital human body surface model; and a manufacturing module for determining an equivalent material formula for the target tissue according to the equivalent index, and performing an additive manufacturing task of the target individual according to the digital human body surface model and the equivalent material formula to manufacture a full-body physical phantom of the target individual.

[0017] Based on the above technical means, this application embodiment obtains the physical and physiological parameters of the target individual and establishes a digital human body surface model of the target individual, effectively breaking through the limitations of fixed physique and standard posture phantoms. This allows the phantom to accurately reflect individual differences and supports the rapid generation and controllable deformation of complex postures. In addition, by calculating the equivalent index of the target tissue and determining the equivalent material formula, a material design scheme covering a wider energy spectrum range can be achieved, significantly improving the accuracy of dose measurement under multi-energy spectrum conditions. Furthermore, it realizes the detailed characterization of human organs, reducing dose measurement errors caused by the simplification of organ characterization and improving the measurement accuracy under multi-energy spectrum and multi-radiation source conditions. Moreover, by performing the additive manufacturing task of the target individual and manufacturing the full-body physical phantom of the target individual, different materials can be automatically switched during the printing process to effectively adapt to the physical properties of each organ. It also allows for rapid replacement and customization according to different application needs, enhancing the scalability and applicability of the phantom.

[0018] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the calculation module includes: a query unit, used to query a preset human body model database using the physical parameters and the physiological parameters as indexes to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual; a generation unit, used to generate a first human body model of the target human body; an adjustment unit, used to adjust the bones, soft tissues and internal organs in the first human body model based on the physical parameters and the internal organ parameters to generate a second human body model of the target human body; and a repair unit, used to repair the second human body model to establish the digital human body surface model.

[0019] Based on the above technical means, this application embodiment uses physical parameters and physiological parameters as indexes to query a preset human model database to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual. Based on the physical parameters and internal organ parameters, the skeleton, soft tissue, and internal organs in the first human model are adjusted to establish a digital human body surface model. This can ensure personalized evaluation of the phantom using the physical parameters of the target individual. It can also introduce the target posture when adjusting the skeleton, soft tissue, and internal organs, realizing the rapid generation and controllable deformation of the target individual's standing, sitting, upper limb abduction, and pitching postures. In addition, by querying the internal organ parameters of the target individual using physical parameters and physiological parameters as indexes, it is ensured that changes in the target individual's physique can update the volume, mass, and relative position of the internal organs, effectively improving the consistency and accuracy of physical phantom dosage measurement.

[0020] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the individualized full-body physical phantom manufacturing method as described in the above embodiments.

[0021] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom.

[0022] A fifth aspect of this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed, implements the above-described method for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom.

[0023] This application embodiment obtains the physical and physiological parameters of the target individual and establishes a digital human body model of the target individual, effectively overcoming the limitations of fixed physique and standard posture phantoms. This allows the phantom to accurately reflect individual differences and supports the rapid generation and controllable deformation of complex postures. In addition, by calculating the equivalent index of the target tissue and determining the equivalent material formula, a material design scheme covering a wider energy spectrum range can be achieved, significantly improving the accuracy of dose measurement under multi-energy spectrum conditions. Furthermore, it realizes the detailed characterization of human organs, reducing dose measurement errors caused by the simplification of organ characterization and improving the measurement accuracy under multi-energy spectrum and multi-radiation source conditions. Moreover, by performing additive manufacturing tasks on the target individual and manufacturing a full-body physical phantom of the target individual, different materials can be automatically switched during the printing process to effectively adapt to the physical properties of each organ. It also allows for rapid replacement and customization according to different application needs, enhancing the scalability and applicability of the phantom. This solves the problem that many full-body phantoms in related technologies are based on fixed physiques and standard postures, covering only a limited combination of body types and postures, making it difficult to depict differences in height, weight, age, gender, body fat distribution, and external irradiation environment, thus limiting the effectiveness of phantoms in individualized dose optimization and multi-scenario adaptation.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the construction of an individualized digital human body facial model according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a tissue equivalent material formulation design according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of additive manufacturing of a full-body physical phantom according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a block diagram of an individualized full-body physical phantom manufacturing apparatus provided according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure label: 50 - Individualized whole-body physical phantom manufacturing device; 100 - Acquisition module; 200 - Calculation module; 300 - Manufacturing module; 601 - Memory; 602 - Processor; 603 - Communication interface. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0028] For whole-body physical phantoms used in dosimetric assessment, the mainstream approach is to construct standardized phantoms using homogeneous or near-homogeneous materials to calibrate and compare external radiation doses. These phantoms offer advantages such as ease of manufacturing, high standardization, and good repeatability, and can reproduce the average geometric shape and overall attenuation characteristics of the human body to a certain extent. However, when applications expand to individualized dose assessment, complex postures, and complex radiation scenarios (different radiation sources and energy spectra, different radiation geometries, and shielding conditions), their limitations are systematically amplified, mainly in the following five aspects.

[0029] (1) Insufficient expression of individual differences.

[0030] Most physical phantoms used in this context employ fixed physiques and standard postures, making it difficult to cover morphological differences arising from variations in height, weight, age, sex, and body fat distribution. Furthermore, they are ill-suited for specific populations such as children, pregnant women, the elderly, and overweight individuals. At the postural level, changes in body position—standing, sitting, upper limb abduction, and pitching—significantly alter the relative spatial relationships between organs and the thickness of local tissues, thereby affecting the path length and scattering distribution of the incident beam. Due to the lack of sufficient characterization of these individual and postural dimensions, dosage results obtained from standard phantoms are insufficient in terms of representativeness and extrapolation, making it difficult to support individual-level dosage optimization and protective decisions.

[0031] (2) The external appearance is inconsistent with the internal anatomy.

[0032] Common methods either directly use statistical means from a "reference person" or simply scale the external shape proportionally, failing to establish a statistical-anatomical prior model that maps body parameters to organ volume, mass, and relative position, nor providing a mechanism for adaptive updates based on changes in body size and posture. This leads to significant deviations in the distribution of internal organs from real individuals, even with similar geometric shapes—a situation of "similar external appearance but inequivalent internal structure." Since Monte Carlo simulations heavily rely on organ-level geometric and material parameters, this inconsistency directly weakens the correspondence between "simulation and physical measurement," limiting the verification of consistency between numerical and experimental results.

[0033] (3) The physical phantom material has insufficient tissue equivalence.

[0034] The equivalence of related materials is mostly based on density or linear attenuation matching at a single energy spectral point, lacking joint constraints and experimental verification of effective atomic number, mass attenuation coefficient, and physical density within the operating energy range of the equipment. Under conditions of multiple energy spectra and multiple radiation sources (different tube voltages, different filters, different γ / X-ray energy ranges, etc.), this simplification introduces energy range-dependent equivalence drift, which in turn affects the accurate reproduction of key processes such as penetration, scattering, and beam hardening, limiting the usability and accuracy of dose measurements. In addition, insufficient consideration of stability factors such as batch fluctuations, moisture content changes, and aging behavior can also cause instability in the dose response of the same phantom over time and between batches, thereby reducing the repeatability and cross-institutional comparability of measurements.

[0035] (4) The number of human organs represented by physical models is limited.

[0036] Constrained by material systems and manufacturing processes, many whole-body phantoms only employ coarse classifications of skin, overall soft tissue, and overall skeleton, lacking detailed material and structural differentiation for lung tissue (air-filled, low-density, and energy spectrum-dependent), bone tissue subtypes (cancellous and cortical bone), and major solid organs (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, etc.). Simplified modeling ignores the differences in effective atomic number, mass decay coefficient, and physical density among different tissues, and the resulting varying impacts on the subradiation field under different energy zones and irradiation geometries. This easily introduces systematic biases in spatial dose distribution and local dose gradients, weakening the transfer value of measurement results to clinical or protective parameters.

[0037] (5) Insufficient manufacturing consistency and assembly positioning.

[0038] While 3D printing technology has enhanced the ability to form complex geometries and multi-materials in parallel, problems such as warping, interlayer bonding differences, dimensional tolerance drift, and unstable surface roughness may still occur in actual manufacturing. During assembly, if gap control, positioning repeatability, and sealing schemes between parts are not engineered, it will lead to light leakage, wire leakage, and relative pose uncertainty in the cavity. More critically, many designs do not pre-define the measurement element cavity and reference positioning elements in the digital stage, resulting in uncontrollable spatial errors from repeated placement of measurement points, which in turn affects the repeatability and consistency of dose measurements across devices, scenarios, and batches.

[0039] To address the aforementioned problems, this application proposes a method and apparatus for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom. The method and apparatus for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom according to embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for manufacturing this individualized full-body physical phantom includes the following steps: In step S101, the physical and physiological parameters of the target individual are obtained.

[0042] In the embodiments of this application, the target individual can be understood as the object of individualized whole-body physical model manufacturing, which may include, but is not limited to, patients in the motor function rehabilitation stage (such as stroke patients, post-orthopedic surgery patients), athletes participating in competitive sports training, and ordinary people who need to conduct daily sports health monitoring.

[0043] Physical parameters can be understood as the morphological parameters of the target individual, including but not limited to height, weight, limb length, joint spacing, and human body outline; physiological parameters can be understood as the biological parameters of the target individual, including but not limited to age, sex, basal metabolic rate, resting heart rate, and muscle mass.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, in actual implementation, this embodiment first selects high-precision human body surface measurement technology to acquire the shape data of the target individual. High-precision human body surface measurement technology can include, but is not limited to, visible light 3D holographic scanning, radar scanning, multi-view stereo reconstruction, and structured light scanning. To compensate for the shortcomings of single technologies in terms of occlusion, reflection, or texture loss, this embodiment fuses the shape data and performs preprocessing such as noise reduction, hole repair, normal re-estimation, topological consistency verification, and scale normalization, ultimately obtaining complete human body contours, height, weight, and other physical parameters. In addition, this embodiment can acquire physiological parameters such as the target individual's age and gender.

[0045] In step S102, a digital human body surface model of the target individual is established based on body parameters and physiological parameters, and the equivalent index of the target tissue is calculated based on the target tissue in the digital human body surface model.

[0046] In the embodiments of this application, the digital human body surface model can be understood as a mesh model established based on body parameters and physiological parameters, containing human body shape data, volume, mass and relative position of internal organs, and used to provide a digital basis for subsequent dose simulation and manufacturing implementation.

[0047] The target tissue can be understood as the object in the digital human body surface model that needs to be designed with material formulation, which may include, but is not limited to, skin, lung tissue, bone tissue subtypes (cortical bone / cancellous bone) and soft tissues of major solid organs (such as liver, kidney, heart, spleen).

[0048] Equivalent indices can be understood as the physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient of the target tissue obtained by calculation or table lookup.

[0049] The following details how embodiments of this application establish a digital human body surface model of a target individual based on body parameters and physiological parameters.

[0050] Specifically, in one embodiment of this application, a digital human body surface model of a target individual is established based on physical parameters and physiological parameters, including: querying a preset human body model database using physical parameters and physiological parameters as indexes to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual; generating a first human body model of the target human body; adjusting the bones, soft tissues and internal organs in the first human body model based on physical parameters and internal organ parameters to generate a second human body model of the target human body; and repairing the second human body model to establish a digital human body surface model.

[0051] In the embodiments of this application, the preset human body model database can be understood as a standard human body model database established based on the physical and physiological parameters of different populations, used to search and match the collected physical and physiological parameters, and may include, but are not limited to, "Reference Man for Radiation Protection Part 1: Introduction to the Basic Information of Chinese Reference Man Adult Male Voxel Model", "Reference Man for Radiation Protection Part 2: Mass of Major Organs and Tissues", and "Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Adults".

[0052] The first human body model can be understood as a general model obtained from the Chinese face-element model full body model library, providing a foundation for subsequent model deformation.

[0053] The second human body model can be understood as an intermediate model obtained by deforming the bones, soft tissues and internal organs of the first human body model based on the first human body model and combining the physical parameters, volume, mass and relative position of the target individual's internal organs, providing a basis for subsequent model repair.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, in actual execution, this embodiment of the application uses body parameters and physiological parameters as indexes to query a preset human body model database to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual and determine the accurate internal organ information of the target individual, namely the volume, mass and relative position of the internal organs.

[0055] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a first human body model is first obtained from a Chinese facial model full-body model library. Then, combining the aforementioned body parameters, the volume, mass, and relative position of internal organs, and the target pose, the first human body model is deformed: First, the skeleton is adjusted using rotation matrix transformation technology, and joint rotation is used to change the spatial position of the skeleton. Next, soft tissue deformation is performed, using VGL (Volume Graph Laplacian) to deform the soft tissue, ensuring naturalness and continuity during the deformation process. Based on the adjustments to the skeleton and soft tissue, the ARAP (As-Rigid-As-Possible) algorithm is used to precisely adjust the internal organs to obtain a second human body model.

[0056] Furthermore, to address the self-intersection and spatial overlap that may be caused by posture changes, this application embodiment performs topology unification processing such as Boolean repair, normal re-estimation, and non-manifold culling on the second human body model to establish a digital human body surface model. This ensures that the digital human body surface model meets the requirements of Monte Carlo transport mesh and additive manufacturing slices for non-hole, non-flipped normals and minimum feature size, and then outputs STL / 3MF data with semantic annotations such as organ identification, material occupancy, and assembly reference, which can be directly used for subsequent dose simulation and manufacturing implementation.

[0057] This application embodiment uses physical and physiological parameters as indexes to query a preset human model database to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual. Based on the physical and internal organ parameters, the skeleton, soft tissue, and internal organs in the first human model are adjusted to establish a digital human body surface model. This allows for personalized evaluation of the phantom using the target individual's physical parameters. It also allows for the introduction of target postures when adjusting the skeleton, soft tissue, and internal organs, enabling rapid generation and controllable deformation of postures such as standing, sitting, upper limb abduction, and pitching. Furthermore, by querying the internal organ parameters of the target individual using physical and physiological parameters as indexes, it ensures that changes in the target individual's physique can update the volume, mass, and relative position of the internal organs, effectively improving the consistency and accuracy of physical phantom dosage measurements.

[0058] The following details how embodiments of this application calculate the equivalent index of the target tissue based on the target tissue in the digital human body surface model.

[0059] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, calculating the equivalent index of the target structure includes: calculating the physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient of the target structure based on the type and material characteristic parameters of the target structure; and determining the equivalent index based on the physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient.

[0060] In the embodiments of this application, material characteristic parameters can be understood as data characterizing the material properties of the target tissue, and may include, but are not limited to, the chemical composition and radiometric intrinsic parameters of the target tissue.

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, in actual implementation, this application embodiment uses skin, lung tissue, bone tissue subtypes (cortical bone / cancellous bone), and soft tissues of major solid organs (such as liver, kidney, heart, and spleen) as target tissues. This application embodiment first determines the type and material characteristic parameters of the target tissue, and calculates (or obtains from a table) the corresponding physical density. Effective atomic number With mass decay coefficient Physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient are used as equivalent indicators.

[0062] Among them, effective atomic number The equivalent atomic number of a multi-element material in photoelectric / Compton interactions within a given energy range reflects the comprehensive atomic number effect of the material on the interaction between photons and matter.

[0063] mass decay coefficient This refers to the linear decay capability per unit mass, which varies with photon energy. The changes directly determine the energy spectrum dependence of penetration, scattering, and beam hardening behavior.

[0064] The embodiments of this application calculate the physical density, effective atomic number, and mass attenuation coefficient of the target tissue and determine the equivalent index. By using physical density, effective atomic number, and mass attenuation coefficient as constraints, the tissue equivalent material formulation design within the external irradiation energy range can be realized, ensuring tissue equivalence consistency under multi-energy spectrum and multi-radiation source conditions.

[0065] In step S103, the equivalent material formula of the target tissue is determined according to the equivalent index, so as to perform the additive manufacturing task of the target individual according to the digital human body model and the equivalent material formula, so as to manufacture the full-body physical model of the target individual.

[0066] In the embodiments of this application, the equivalent material formulation can be understood as the optimized and determined mixing ratio of 3D printing substrate and additives, and the equivalent index corresponding to the equivalent material formulation is close to the target equivalent index (target physical density, target effective atomic number and target mass decay coefficient).

[0067] Additive manufacturing can be understood as pre-setting cavities for dose measurement elements in a digital human body surface model, mapping organ regions to printing materials according to equivalent material formulas, and then using different printing methods to execute technical paths to generate whole-body physical phantom elements and assemble them to obtain a whole-body physical phantom.

[0068] The following details how embodiments of this application determine the equivalent material formulation of the target tissue based on equivalent indices.

[0069] Specifically, in one embodiment of this application, determining the equivalent material formulation of a target tissue based on equivalent indices includes: determining at least one 3D printing substrate and at least one additive for the target tissue; establishing a candidate material library for the target tissue based on the at least one 3D printing substrate and at least one additive; generating a candidate equivalent index dataset for the candidate material library; filtering from the candidate equivalent index dataset using equivalent indices to obtain a preliminary formulation range for the target tissue that meets preset screening conditions; and determining the equivalent material formulation of the target tissue based on the preliminary formulation range.

[0070] In the embodiments of this application, the candidate material library can be understood as performing elemental composition analysis and physical density measurement on a single 3D printing substrate and a single additive, respectively, to establish a dataset containing material composition, elemental composition parameters and physical density parameters, which is used to provide a basis for subsequent design of various mixing ratios of 3D printing substrates and additives.

[0071] The candidate equivalent index dataset can be understood as a dataset based on a candidate material library, which designs various mixing ratios of 3D printing substrates and additives to form candidate printing materials, and calculates the corresponding physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient for each combination, to provide a basis for subsequent screening.

[0072] Preset screening conditions can be understood as conditions set in advance by those skilled in the art for screening candidate printing materials. For example, the error threshold between the equivalent index of the candidate printing material and the target equivalent index (target physical density, target effective atomic number and target mass decay coefficient). This application does not impose specific limitations.

[0073] The preliminary formulation range can be understood as the material ratio of candidate printing materials obtained by screening candidate equivalent index datasets through preset screening conditions, which provides a basis for determining the final equivalent material formulation.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, in actual implementation, this embodiment first screens available 3D printing substrates and additives for the target tissue. The 3D printing substrate can be one or more combinations of polymer substrates, photosensitive resin substrates, or metal / ceramic powder systems, and the additive can be inorganic or organic. Then, this embodiment uses elemental analysis equipment and density testing equipment to perform elemental composition analysis and physical density measurement on the aforementioned single 3D printing substrate and single additive, establishing a candidate material library containing composition, elemental composition parameters, and physical density parameters. Next, based on the candidate material library, this embodiment designs various mixing ratios of 3D printing substrates and additives as candidate printing materials, and calculates the corresponding physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient for each 3D printing substrate and additive combination, constructing a candidate equivalent index dataset for the candidate printing materials. Furthermore, this embodiment uses the target physical density, target effective atomic number, and target mass decay coefficient as multiple objectives, screening candidate indices (equivalent indices of candidate printing materials) from the candidate index dataset that simultaneously approximate multiple objectives, thereby determining the preliminary formulation range and corresponding process window based on the candidate indices (the candidate printing material).

[0075] Furthermore, given that lung tissue density is significantly lower than that of conventional target tissues, this application employs a non-full-fill TPMS (Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces) structure (such as Gyroid) to achieve low density and isotropic porosity. While meeting forming strength and dimensional tolerances, the physical density is controlled by structural parameters such as unit size, wall thickness, and volume fraction, and the effective atomic number is fine-tuned using trace fillers. Furthermore, this application determines the combination of Gyroid structural parameters and the printing process to ensure that the forming material matches the equivalent indices of lung tissue to the greatest extent possible within the target energy region.

[0076] Furthermore, within the determined preliminary formulation range, standardized test slices with uniform thickness and area are prepared for each candidate tissue formulation. These slices are then measured using single-energy (or quasi-single-energy) X-rays at multiple conventional external radiation energies to obtain the corresponding measured mass attenuation coefficient curves, which are then compared and analyzed with reference curves for the target tissue. Simultaneously, to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of subsequent dose measurement results, this embodiment imposes strict requirements on the uniformity and batch stability of the printing material within the energy spectrum range. Based on this, this embodiment comprehensively considers the mass attenuation coefficient and physical density to determine the final equivalent material formulation and its process parameters.

[0077] This application establishes a candidate material library for the target tissue by determining the 3D printing substrate and additives for the target tissue, and uses equivalent indices to determine the equivalent material formulation for the target tissue. In the phantom, it achieves detailed characterization of lung tissue, bone tissue subtypes, and major parenchymal organs, effectively reducing dose deviation caused by organ characterization simplification, and providing more accurate dose measurement and spatial dose distribution, especially under multi-energy spectrum and complex irradiation geometry.

[0078] The following details how embodiments of this application perform additive manufacturing tasks on a target individual based on a digital human body model and an equivalent material formulation to manufacture a full-body physical model of the target individual.

[0079] Specifically, in one embodiment of this application, an additive manufacturing task is performed on a target individual based on a digital human body surface model and an equivalent material formulation to manufacture a full-body physical phantom of the target individual. This includes: determining the placement position of the dose measurement element cavity in the digital human body surface model to obtain a full-body surface model of the target individual based on the placement position; performing an additive manufacturing task based on the full-body surface model and the equivalent material formulation to obtain a full-body physical phantom element of the target individual; and calibrating and assembling the full-body physical phantom element to obtain a full-body physical phantom.

[0080] In the embodiments of this application, the location of the dose measurement element cavity can be understood as selecting representative areas with high dose gradient characteristics in each organ within the digital human body surface model, combining Monte Carlo simulation dose distribution and clinically relevant areas, as designated points for subsequent deployment of dose measurement elements, while also taking into account the assembly, wiring, and positioning requirements of the measurement elements.

[0081] A full-body phantom can be understood as a digital model obtained by completing the design of dose measurement element cavities, positioning references, assembly structures and channel reservations through Boolean operations based on a digital human body phantom model. It is a digital model before additive manufacturing.

[0082] A full-body physical phantom element can be understood as a single or split solid component prepared by additive manufacturing based on a full-body surface phantom and equivalent material formulation. This includes organ modules, segmented phantom slices, and lung TPMS structural components, providing basic components for subsequent phantom assembly.

[0083] A whole-body physical phantom can be understood as a complete physical entity formed by calibrating, verifying, and assembling the components of a whole-body physical phantom in a standardized manner. Its anatomical structure, tissue equivalence characteristics, and positioning accuracy all meet the requirements for dose measurement and can be directly used for radiation dose verification, equipment quality control, and clinical dosimetry research.

[0084] like Figure 4 As shown, in actual implementation, this application embodiment produces a whole-body physical phantom for dosimetry based on existing digital human body surface models and screened equivalent material formulations.

[0085] First, in this embodiment of the application, the placement location of the cavity for the dose measurement element is determined in the digital human body phantom model: combining the dose distribution obtained from Monte Carlo simulation and the clinically relevant areas, the dose measurement element cavity is rationally placed in representative areas and high-dose gradient areas of each organ. Furthermore, this embodiment sets assembly tolerances based on the external dimensions of the measurement element and designs positioning references and removable covers to ensure positioning stability during repeated clamping processes; the repeated positioning deviation is preferably less than or equal to 0.3 mm. The aforementioned dose measurement element cavity is implemented in the digital human body phantom model through Boolean subtraction operations. Additionally, for process requirements such as wiring, measurement element placement and removal, and solvent cleaning, corresponding channels are reserved in the digital human body phantom model, and scales or codes are set on the outer surface of the digital human body phantom model to facilitate measurement recording and traceability, thereby obtaining a full-body phantom of the target individual.

[0086] Then, in this embodiment, the mapping between organ regions and printing materials is completed according to the equivalent material formulation to perform additive manufacturing tasks: the segmented organ regions are exported as multi-body or multi-shell STL or 3MF formats (including material label information), and after being imported into the slicing software, the equivalent materials corresponding to each organ region are automatically allocated during the slicing stage according to the equivalent material formulation, generating partitioned and layered paths and binding the corresponding process parameters. The following technical paths are set for different printing methods.

[0087] For the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method, a multi-nozzle printing scheme is employed, with different extrusion nozzles corresponding to materials such as bone, soft tissue, and lung. During the slicing stage, each organ region is bound to a designated extrusion nozzle. For lung tissue, a TPMS structure such as Gyroid is used to achieve the target physical density and near-isotropic porosity. To ensure material switching stability, instructions for temperature stabilization, nozzle cleaning (extrusion, wiping the wall, or cleaning the tower), and waiting / pausing are inserted when generating the G-code. An anti-overflow and overlap transition layer is activated at the nozzle-changing position to reduce interface artifacts. In the lung region, the TPMS cell size, wall thickness, and volume fraction are optimized in a linked manner based on the target physical density-intensity window to ensure that geometric stability is met during subsequent assembly and measurement without compromising the tissue-equivalent energy spectrum response.

[0088] For the photopolymerization method, considering the limitations of the process on in-situ switching of multiple resins, a path of "organ-specific, resin-specific, component-specific printing and mechanical assembly" is adopted: Corresponding resins are selected for different organs, and they are printed as independent components. Assembly benchmarks such as dovetails, tenons, or positioning holes are designed between components, and sealing grooves are reserved. After printing, cleaning, secondary curing, and dimensional compensation are completed. To achieve a low-density lung-like structure, the TPMS shell can be pre-constructed in the CAD (Computer-Aided Design) stage before photopolymerization printing.

[0089] For jet-curing technology, material proportions can be assigned to different organ regions at the voxel or voxel block level, enabling isomorphic integral molding and localized gradual transitions. After printing, soluble supports are used for removal, and dimensions are stabilized through drying and curing. For lung tissue, non-full-fill TPMS structures can be printed as independent liner components, which are then composited or encapsulated with external structures, maintaining the target physical density and energy spectrum response characteristics while ensuring overall rigidity and sealing.

[0090] Next, after performing the additive manufacturing task, this embodiment of the application performs metrological calibration and assembly on the obtained full-body physical phantom components to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the components in practical applications. The metrological calibration includes verifying key dimensions, cavity flatness, positioning datum, and assembly tolerances of each component to ensure that the printed parts meet the preset design standards. After completing the metrological calibration, the specific assembly method is determined according to the actual application scenario of the full-body physical phantom. The specific assembly method is as follows.

[0091] When using a full-body physical phantom for critical organ dose assessment, to ensure measurement accuracy and structural stability in the critical organ region, it is recommended to print the critical organ region separately and use an integral infill method to manufacture other parts. This method ensures more accurate dose assessment of the critical organ because its printing quality and material selection are strictly controlled. Other areas can be assembled using integral infill to simplify the assembly process and improve manufacturing efficiency. After printing, precise assembly techniques are used to join the organs together, ensuring consistent relative positions between organs and that the connections between organs do not affect the overall dose measurement.

[0092] When using a whole-body physical phantom for whole-body dose assessment, to ensure accurate dose distribution across all parts of the body, it is recommended to divide the phantom into slices of equal thickness and print each slice separately. During printing, each slice is optimized based on the equivalent material formulation and printing process of the target tissue. After all slices are printed, they are assembled sequentially, ensuring seamless connections between slices and minimizing the impact of seams on dose distribution. To ensure accuracy during assembly, positioning holes, tenon-and-mortise structures, or magnetic joints can be designed between slices to improve the accuracy of slice alignment and ensure consistency in size and shape of the assembled phantom. Finally, by combining the printing results of all slices, a complete whole-body physical phantom is obtained, which can effectively reflect the radiation dose distribution across all regions of the body.

[0093] Furthermore, for specific application scenarios, a modular assembly approach can be adopted, designing key components such as the head and chest as detachable modules for easy replacement or adjustment according to different experimental needs. This method not only improves the flexibility and scalability of the phantom but also facilitates multiple reuses under different experimental conditions. Through the above calibration and assembly process, it can be ensured that the printed whole-body human physical phantom possesses high precision and repeatability in actual use, and can provide reliable data support for subsequent dosimetric evaluation, equipment performance verification, and clinical parameter optimization.

[0094] This application embodiment, by performing additive manufacturing tasks, can introduce a variety of printing technologies to improve the geometric realization capability of subsequent whole-body physical phantoms, and maintain high precision and stability in the parallel manufacturing of complex structures and multiple organs. In addition, by calibrating and assembling whole-body physical phantom components to obtain a whole-body physical phantom, the flexibility and scalability of whole-body physical phantom preparation can be improved. Components can be adjusted or replaced according to different application scenarios, which has significant advantages, especially in radiation protection and dose assessment work that requires rapid customization and multiple reuse.

[0095] The principle of the individualized whole-body physical phantom manufacturing method proposed in this application is illustrated below with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0096] In this embodiment, the physical and physiological parameters of the target individual are first obtained. Then, the physical and physiological parameters are used as an index to query the preset human body model database to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual. Subsequently, a first human body model of the target human body is generated. Based on the physical and internal organ parameters, the bones, soft tissues and internal organs in the first human body model are adjusted to generate a second human body model of the target human body. Then, the second human body model is repaired to establish a digital human body surface model.

[0097] Furthermore, in this embodiment, based on the type and material characteristic parameters of the target microstructure, the physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient of the target microstructure are calculated, and these physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient are used as equivalent indices of the target microstructure. Subsequently, this embodiment determines the 3D printing substrate and additives for the target microstructure, establishes a candidate material library for the target microstructure, and generates a candidate equivalent indices dataset for the candidate material library. Then, the equivalent indices are used to filter from the candidate equivalent indices data to obtain a preliminary formulation range for the target microstructure that meets preset screening conditions. Finally, the equivalent material formulation of the target microstructure is determined based on the preliminary formulation range.

[0098] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the application, the location of the dose measurement element cavity is determined in the digital human body surface model, so as to obtain the full-body surface phantom of the target individual according to the location. Then, based on the full-body surface phantom and the equivalent material formula, the additive manufacturing task is performed to obtain the full-body physical phantom element of the target individual. The full-body physical phantom element is then calibrated and assembled to obtain the full-body physical phantom.

[0099] The personalized whole-body physical phantom manufacturing method proposed in this application obtains the physical and physiological parameters of the target individual and establishes a digital human body surface model of the target individual. This effectively overcomes the limitations of fixed physiques and standard posture phantoms, enabling the phantom to accurately reflect individual differences and support the rapid generation and controllable deformation of complex postures. In addition, by calculating the equivalent index of the target tissue and determining the equivalent material formula, a material design scheme covering a wider energy spectrum range can be achieved, significantly improving the accuracy of dose measurement under multi-energy spectrum conditions. Furthermore, it realizes the detailed characterization of human organs, reducing dose measurement errors caused by the simplification of organ characterization and improving the measurement accuracy under multi-energy spectrum and multi-radiation source conditions. Moreover, by performing the additive manufacturing task of the target individual and manufacturing the whole-body physical phantom of the target individual, different materials can be automatically switched during the printing process to effectively adapt to the physical properties of each organ. It also allows for rapid replacement and customization according to different application needs, enhancing the scalability and applicability of the phantom. This solves the problem that many full-body phantoms in related technologies are based on fixed physiques and standard postures, covering only a limited combination of body types and postures, making it difficult to depict differences in height, weight, age, gender, body fat distribution, and external irradiation environment, thus limiting the effectiveness of phantoms in individualized dose optimization and multi-scenario adaptation.

[0100] Next, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the individualized whole-body physical phantom manufacturing apparatus proposed according to the embodiments of this application is described.

[0101] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of an individualized full-body physical phantom manufacturing apparatus provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0102] like Figure 5 As shown, the individualized full-body physical phantom manufacturing device 50 includes: an acquisition module 100, a calculation module 200, and a manufacturing module 300.

[0103] The acquisition module 100 is used to acquire the physical and physiological parameters of the target individual.

[0104] The calculation module 200 is used to establish a digital human body surface model of the target individual based on physical and physiological parameters, and to calculate the equivalent index of the target tissue based on the target tissue in the digital human body surface model.

[0105] Manufacturing module 300 is used to determine the equivalent material formula of the target tissue based on the equivalent index, so as to perform the additive manufacturing task of the target individual based on the digital human body model and the equivalent material formula, so as to manufacture the full-body physical model of the target individual.

[0106] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the calculation module 200 includes: a query unit, a first generation unit, an adjustment unit, and a repair unit.

[0107] The query unit is used to query a preset human model database using physical and physiological parameters as indexes to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual.

[0108] The first generation unit is used to generate the first human model of the target human body.

[0109] The adjustment unit is used to adjust the skeleton, soft tissue, and internal organs in the first human body model based on body parameters and internal organ parameters to generate a second human body model of the target human body.

[0110] Repair unit, used to repair the second human body model to establish a digital human body surface model.

[0111] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the calculation module 200 includes: a calculation unit and a first determination unit.

[0112] The calculation unit is used to calculate the physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient of the target microstructure based on the type of the target microstructure and material characteristic parameters.

[0113] The first determining unit is used to determine the equivalent index based on the physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient.

[0114] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the manufacturing module 300 includes: a second determining unit, a establishing unit, a second generating unit, a filtering unit, and a third determining unit.

[0115] The second determining unit is used to determine at least one 3D printing substrate and at least one additive for the target tissue.

[0116] A building unit is used to build a candidate material library for a target tissue based on at least one 3D printing substrate and at least one additive.

[0117] The second generation unit is used to generate a dataset of candidate equivalent indices for the candidate material library.

[0118] The screening unit is used to filter candidate equivalent index data using equivalent indices to obtain a preliminary formulation range of the target tissue that meets the preset screening conditions.

[0119] The third determining unit is used to determine the equivalent material formulation of the target tissue based on the preliminary formulation range.

[0120] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the manufacturing module 300 includes: a fourth determining unit, an execution unit, and a calibration unit.

[0121] The fourth determining unit is used to determine the setting position of the dose measurement element cavity in the digital human body surface model, so as to obtain the full-body surface phantom of the target individual according to the setting position.

[0122] The execution unit is used to perform additive manufacturing tasks based on the full-body phantom and equivalent material formulation to obtain the full-body physical phantom elements of the target individual.

[0123] The calibration unit is used to calibrate and assemble the components of the full-body physical phantom to obtain the full-body physical phantom.

[0124] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the embodiment of the individualized whole-body physical phantom manufacturing method also applies to the individualized whole-body physical phantom manufacturing device of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0125] The personalized whole-body physical phantom manufacturing device proposed in this application obtains the physical and physiological parameters of the target individual and establishes a digital human body surface model of the target individual. This effectively overcomes the limitations of fixed physiques and standard posture phantoms, enabling the phantom to accurately reflect individual differences and support the rapid generation and controllable deformation of complex postures. In addition, by calculating the equivalent index of the target tissue and determining the equivalent material formula, a material design scheme covering a wider energy spectrum range can be achieved, significantly improving the accuracy of dose measurement under multi-energy spectrum conditions. Furthermore, it realizes the detailed characterization of human organs, reducing dose measurement errors caused by the simplification of organ characterization and improving the measurement accuracy under multi-energy spectrum and multi-radiation source conditions. Moreover, by performing the additive manufacturing task of the target individual and manufacturing the whole-body physical phantom of the target individual, different materials can be automatically switched during the printing process to effectively adapt to the physical properties of each organ. It also allows for rapid replacement and customization according to different application needs, enhancing the scalability and applicability of the phantom. This solves the problem that many full-body phantoms in related technologies are based on fixed physiques and standard postures, covering only a limited combination of body types and postures, making it difficult to depict differences in height, weight, age, gender, body fat distribution, and external irradiation environment, thus limiting the effectiveness of phantoms in individualized dose optimization and multi-scenario adaptation.

[0126] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of this application. The electronic device may include: The memory 601, the processor 602, and the computer program stored on the memory 601 and capable of running on the processor 602.

[0127] When the processor 602 executes the program, it implements the individualized full-body physical phantom manufacturing method provided in the above embodiments.

[0128] Furthermore, electronic devices also include: Communication interface 603 is used for communication between memory 601 and processor 602.

[0129] The memory 601 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 602.

[0130] The memory 601 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0131] If the memory 601, processor 602, and communication interface 603 are implemented independently, then the communication interface 603, memory 601, and processor 602 can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication between them. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 6 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0132] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 601, processor 602, and communication interface 603 are integrated on a single chip, then the memory 601, processor 602, and communication interface 603 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0133] The processor 602 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0134] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom.

[0135] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed, implements the above-described method for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical mannequin.

[0136] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0137] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0138] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0139] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Alternatively, the computer-readable medium may be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0140] It should be understood that the various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or more of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0141] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0142] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0143] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the physical and physiological parameters of the target individual; Based on the physical parameters and the physiological parameters, a digital human body surface model of the target individual is established, and the equivalent index of the target tissue is calculated based on the target tissue in the digital human body surface model. The equivalent material formulation of the target tissue is determined based on the equivalent index, and the additive manufacturing task of the target individual is performed according to the digital human body model and the equivalent material formulation to manufacture a full-body physical model of the target individual.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of establishing a digital human facial model of the target individual based on the physical parameters and the physiological parameters includes: Using the physical parameters and physiological parameters as indexes, a preset human model database is queried to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual; Generate a first human model of the target human body; Based on the physical parameters and the internal organ parameters, the skeleton, soft tissue and internal organs in the first human body model are adjusted to generate a second human body model of the target human body. Repair the second human body model to establish the digital human body surface model.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the equivalent index of the target organization includes: Based on the type and material characteristic parameters of the target microstructure, the physical density, effective atomic number, and mass decay coefficient of the target microstructure are calculated. The equivalent index is determined based on the physical density, the effective atomic number, and the mass decay coefficient.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the equivalent material formulation of the target tissue based on the equivalent index includes: Identify at least one 3D printing substrate and at least one additive for the target tissue; A candidate material library for the target tissue is established based on the at least one 3D printing substrate and the at least one additive. Generate a candidate equivalent index dataset from the candidate material library; The equivalent index is used to filter from the candidate equivalent index data to obtain a preliminary formulation range of the target tissue that meets the preset screening conditions; The equivalent material formulation of the target tissue is determined based on the preliminary formulation range.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing additive manufacturing of the target individual based on the digital human body model and the equivalent material formula to manufacture a full-body physical model of the target individual includes: The location of the dose measurement element cavity is determined in the digital human body model so as to obtain the full-body model of the target individual based on the location. Based on the full-body phantom and the equivalent material formulation, the additive manufacturing task is performed to obtain the full-body physical phantom element of the target individual; The whole-body physical phantom components are calibrated and assembled to obtain the whole-body physical phantom.

6. A device for manufacturing an individualized full-body physical phantom, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the physical and physiological parameters of the target individual. The calculation module is used to establish a digital human body surface model of the target individual based on the physical parameters and the physiological parameters, and to calculate the equivalent index of the target tissue based on the target tissue in the digital human body surface model. A manufacturing module is used to determine the equivalent material formula of the target tissue based on the equivalent index, so as to perform the additive manufacturing task of the target individual according to the digital human body model and the equivalent material formula, so as to manufacture the full-body physical model of the target individual.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The computing module includes: The query unit is used to query a preset human model database using the physical parameters and physiological parameters as indexes to obtain the internal organ parameters of the target individual; A generation unit is used to generate a first human model of the target human body; An adjustment unit is used to adjust the skeleton, soft tissue, and internal organs in the first human body model based on the physical parameters and the internal organ parameters, so as to generate a second human body model of the target human body. The repair unit is used to repair the second human body model in order to establish the digital human body surface model.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the individualized full-body physical phantom manufacturing method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The program is executed by a processor to implement the individualized full-body physical phantom manufacturing method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program is executed to implement the individualized full-body physical phantom manufacturing method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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