High-temperature-resistant and stress-resistant millet cultivation regulation method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of agricultural planting cultivation technology and discloses a high-temperature-resistant and stress-resistant millet cultivation regulation method, which comprises the following steps: adding deionized water, boric acid and 1,2-propylene glycol into a reaction kettle, adding potassium hydroxide aqueous solution dropwise after heating and constant temperature to adjust pH value and react; cooling water is introduced to cool, calcium lignosulfonate is added to form a fluid system through high-shear dispersion; gamma-aminobutyric acid is added and stirred to obtain a high-temperature-resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition product; the relative water content of soil is maintained before millet seeding to the jointing stage, and the composition product is diluted and uniformly sprayed on the millet leaves before continuous high temperature and low humidity drought weather predicted by the weather forecast. The boric acid is converted into an organic complex state, the water solubility and leaf absorption rate of the effective component are improved, the stomata are adjusted through gamma-aminobutyric acid, the calcium lignosulfonate is used to form a film on the leaves, and the damages caused by high temperature and drought to the plants are synergistically relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting and cultivation technology, specifically to a method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant millet. Background Technology

[0002] Millet is an important dryland grain crop in my country. Although it possesses a certain degree of drought resistance, during the critical reproductive growth stage from jointing to heading, a combination of continuous high temperatures and low humidity can severely impact the normal growth and development of the plant. Such climatic conditions can lead to excessive closure of stomata in millet leaves, hindering photosynthetic carbon assimilation, and causing imbalances in reactive oxygen species metabolism and damage to cell wall structure. Ultimately, this results in delayed development of reproductive organs and a decreased seed setting rate.

[0003] Currently, to mitigate the impact of the aforementioned climate stresses on crop yields, foliar spraying of nutrient regulators is commonly used in production. However, existing foliar formulations are mostly simple mixtures of inorganic micronutrients and conventional fertilizers, exhibiting numerous application shortcomings. Conventional inorganic boron fertilizers have limited water solubility, making it difficult to effectively penetrate the plant's cuticle after foliar spraying, resulting in low boron absorption and utilization rates. Furthermore, the formulations are prone to the release of active ingredients during preparation and storage, affecting the system's stability. Simultaneously, conventional foliar water-retaining agents struggle to maintain their physical barrier effect for extended periods under high-temperature and drought conditions, resulting in poor water loss reduction. In addition, existing cultivation control programs largely focus on conventional water and fertilizer management, lacking proactive intervention mechanisms targeting specific extreme weather thresholds. They typically only provide reactive remedies after climate stress occurs, failing to induce stomatal adaptation and physiological stress responses in advance. This leads to limited comprehensive mitigation of the combined effects of high temperature and drought, making it difficult to meet the stable yield requirements of millet under complex weather conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for regulating the cultivation of millet that is resistant to high temperatures and stresses. This method solves the problems of low absorption and utilization rates of effective components in foliar preparations and poor physicochemical stability in existing millet stress regulation methods. Furthermore, it lacks a pre-intervention mechanism for extreme weather, making it difficult to effectively mitigate the impact of combined high temperature and drought stress on plant development and grain filling rate during the jointing to heading stage.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet, comprising the following steps: Inject deionized water into the reactor, turn on the mechanical stirrer, and add boric acid and 1,2-propanediol into the reactor; Initiate heating to raise and maintain the temperature inside the reactor; Add potassium hydroxide aqueous solution dropwise into the reactor, monitor the pH value in the reactor online, and after stopping the addition, stir continuously under constant temperature and constant pH conditions; Cooling water is introduced into the reactor to lower the temperature inside the reactor; Turn on the high-shear dispersion homogenizer and add calcium lignosulfonate into the reactor; after the addition is complete, continue high-shear dispersion to form a fluid system; γ-aminobutyric acid was added to the fluid system and mechanical stirring was carried out continuously to obtain a high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition. Maintain the relative soil moisture content at 60%-70% from millet sowing to the jointing stage; During the jointing or heading stage of millet, before the weather forecast predicts continuous high temperatures accompanied by low humidity and drought, dilute the finished high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition with clean water, adjust the working pressure of the agricultural sprayer nozzle, and spray the entire millet plant leaves evenly.

[0006] By employing the above technical solutions, this invention constructs a formulation system and corresponding cultivation intervention procedures that synergistically integrate small molecule complexation, polymer matrix dispersion, and signal molecule addition. Due to the adoption of the above steps, the following mechanisms and technical effects are achieved: Small molecule pre-complexation reaction: Boric acid itself has limited water solubility and poor mobility within plants. Boric acid undergoes esterification with 1,2-propanediol under alkaline heating conditions. The central atom of boric acid combines with the hydroxyl group of 1,2-propanediol. In an alkaline environment regulated by potassium hydroxide, the chemical equilibrium shifts towards the formation of a tetracoordinate borate ester anionic complex. This step converts inorganic boron into an organically complexed boron state with higher water solubility and bioactivity, improving its efficiency in penetrating the micropores of the plant cuticle.

[0007] Matrix Dispersion and System Stabilization: Calcium lignosulfonate was added to the system as an anionic surfactant and polymeric chelating matrix. Cooling treatment prevented cross-linking and gelation of the polymeric material under thermal conditions. Under high shear force, the three-dimensional network structure of calcium lignosulfonate unfolded. Its negatively charged sulfonic acid groups provided electrostatic repulsion, while the ortho-dihydroxyl groups participated in physical encapsulation and secondary complexation, uniformly dispersing the previously synthesized borate ester complex. This process maintained the system in a low-viscosity rheological state, preventing the precipitation of active ingredients.

[0008] Signaling molecule introduction: γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is dissolved in the fluid system as an endogenous non-protein amino acid. The finished composition forms a stable multiphase structure with calcium lignosulfonate as the backbone, encapsulating borate ester complexes and GABA.

[0009] Synergistic stress resistance: Spraying before specific weather conditions arrives allows exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid to be absorbed by the leaves, regulating the state of ion channels in guard cell membranes and controlling stomatal closure to reduce water transpiration; complexed boron participates in maintaining the pectin cross-linking structure of cell walls, maintaining the elongation capacity of pollen tubes under high temperatures; calcium lignin sulfonate dries to form a film on the leaf surface, blocking excessive ultraviolet radiation and reducing water loss. The three work synergistically to alleviate tissue damage caused by drought and high temperatures.

[0010] Preferably, the proportions of each raw material are as follows: 1000 parts by weight of deionized water are injected into the reactor; The mechanical stirring speed is set to 200-300 rpm; Add 3-5 parts by weight of boric acid and 15-20 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol to the reactor; Start the heating process to raise and maintain the temperature inside the reactor at 40-45℃; The mass fraction of the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 10%-15%; the addition should be stopped when the pH value in the reactor reaches 7.8-8.2. Stir continuously for 30-45 minutes under constant temperature and pH conditions; Under the ratio of each raw material, cooling water is introduced into the reactor to lower the temperature inside the reactor to 20-25℃; The shear speed of the high-shear dispersion homogenizer is set to 1500-2500 rpm; Add 30-50 parts by weight of calcium lignosulfonate into the reactor; Continue high-shear dispersion for 30-40 minutes; Under the given ratio of raw materials, add 10-15 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid to the fluid system; The speed at which mechanical stirring is continuously performed is 300-500 rpm; The mechanical stirring should be continued for 15-20 minutes.

[0011] Further preferred formulation of each raw material is as follows: 1000 parts by weight of deionized water is injected into the reactor; The mechanical stirring speed is set to 200-250 rpm; Add 3-4 parts by weight of boric acid and 15-17.5 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol; The temperature is raised and stabilized at 40-42℃; The mass fraction of potassium hydroxide is 10%-12.5%; Stop adding the solution when the pH value reaches 7.8-8.0; Stir continuously for 30-35 minutes; Under the given ratio of raw materials, the temperature is lowered to 20-22℃; The high shear speed is set to 1500-2000 rpm; Add 30-40 parts by weight of calcium lignosulfonate; Continue high-shear dispersion for 30-35 minutes; Under the given ratio of raw materials, add 10-12.5 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid; The mechanical stirring speed is 300-400 rpm; Mechanical stirring time is 15-17 minutes.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the initial heating environment of 40-45℃ provides the energy required for the borate esterification reaction, and the weakly alkaline conditions of pH 7.8-8.2 are a suitable environment for the stable existence of tetracoordinate borate esters. After cooling to 20-25℃, the polymer material is introduced, and with the set high shear speed, the matrix material expands at room temperature, avoiding thermal degradation and ensuring the uniform dispersion of the final composition.

[0013] Preferably, the relative soil moisture content should be maintained at 60%-65% from millet sowing to the jointing stage; Dilute the finished product of the composition with water 50-75 times. Dilute the high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition with water 50-100 times. The working pressure of the agricultural sprayer nozzle should be adjusted to 0.2-0.4 MPa; Apply a uniform spray to the entire leaf surface of the millet plant at a spray volume of 300-450 L / ha.

[0014] Further preferred methods include maintaining the relative soil moisture content at 60%-65%; diluting the finished composition with clean water 50-75 times; adjusting the nozzle working pressure to 0.2-0.3 MPa; and spraying at a rate of 300-375 L / ha.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, application 1-2 days in advance allows for the response time required for signaling molecules to induce the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in plants. The controlled dilution ratio, combined with nozzle operating pressure, manages the droplet size distribution and surface tension of the pesticide solution, preventing excessive concentration from causing salt spot burns on leaves, while also avoiding pesticide runoff caused by large droplets at low pressure.

[0016] Preferably, the conductivity of deionized water does not exceed 5 μS / cm; The purity of boric acid is not less than 99.0%; The purity of 1,2-propanediol is not less than 99.5%; The purity of γ-aminobutyric acid is not less than 98.0%.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solutions, the impact of impurities on the preparation process is reduced. Limiting the conductivity of deionized water avoids competitive occupation of lignin sulfonate chelating sites by free calcium and magnesium ions, ensuring its encapsulation ability for borate esters. Simultaneously, high-purity raw materials ensure the conversion rate of the target active ingredient.

[0018] Preferably, the weight-average molecular weight of calcium lignosulfonate is 5000-10000 Da; The degree of sulfonation of calcium lignosulfonate is 1.0-1.5 mmol / g; The content of ortho-dihydroxyl groups in calcium lignosulfonate is not less than 1.2 mmol / g.

[0019] By employing the above technical solution, the physicochemical properties of the polymer matrix are defined. A weight-average molecular weight of 5000-10000 Da balances the system's low viscosity with the thickness of the film formed on the leaf surface; a sulfonation degree of 1.0-1.5 mmol / g provides suitable hydrophilicity and surface charge density; and an ortho-dihydroxyl group of not less than 1.2 mmol / g ensures the physical cross-linking sites within the system, improving the storage stability of the composition.

[0020] Preferably, the reactor is equipped with a heating jacket and a high-shear dispersion homogenizer; A potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was slowly added to the reactor using a metering pump, and the pH value inside the reactor was monitored online. The operation of introducing cooling water into the reactor to lower the temperature inside the reactor is to introduce cooling water into the heating jacket; The operation of continuous high-shear dispersion is performed until there are no particles visible to the naked eye in the fluid system.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the process equipment and operation endpoint are limited, ensuring stable changes in the pH of the system, avoiding material agglomeration caused by instantaneous alkali addition, and ensuring uniform distribution of components within the system.

[0022] This invention provides a method for regulating the cultivation of millet that is resistant to high temperatures and adverse conditions. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention involves heating boric acid and 1,2-propanediol under alkaline conditions to generate borate esters, followed by cooling and adding calcium lignosulfonate for high-shear dispersion. This process solves the problems of poor water solubility and easy precipitation of traditional inorganic boron in formulations, improves the physical stability of the formulation, and increases the absorption rate of boron by millet leaves, which helps maintain the normal development of plant reproductive organs under high-temperature stress.

[0023] 2. This invention adds γ-aminobutyric acid to the formulation and sprays it on the leaves during the jointing or heading stage of millet. After being absorbed by the plant, γ-aminobutyric acid can regulate the appropriate closure of stomata to reduce water transpiration. Combined with calcium lignin sulfonate, it dries and forms a film on the leaf surface to reduce physical water loss, thereby reducing the damage to the cell structure and photosynthesis of millet caused by continuous high temperature and low humidity combined with drought.

[0024] 3. This invention clarifies the field application conditions for stress-resistant agents, stipulating that spraying operations should be carried out 1-2 days before the weather forecast indicates continuous high temperature and drought. This advance application method meets the time required for plants to induce their own stress resistance mechanisms. Combined with the limited dilution ratio of the drug solution, the working pressure of the nozzle and the spray volume, the droplet size and leaf surface distribution are controlled, avoiding drug loss and leaf burn caused by excessive local concentration. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a comparison graph showing the initial dynamic viscosity and dynamic viscosity after standing for 24 hours of the compositions used in the examples and comparative examples. Figure 2 This is a comparison graph showing the change rate of dynamic viscosity between the compositions of the examples and the comparative examples after standing for 24 hours. Figure 3 A comparison chart of droplet water loss time parameters; Figure 4 This is a simulation diagram of the droplet water dispersion kinetics. Figure 5 A comparison of the apparent absorption rate of GABA on the leaf surface of live millet under high temperature and low humidity conditions; Figure 6 A comparison of SOD activity and MDA content in millet leaves under high temperature stress; Figure 7 A comparative chart of agronomic traits and yield of millet during the post-heat disaster recovery and ripening period. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, preparation examples, embodiments, comparative examples, and test examples. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Examples 1-3: Example 1: This embodiment provides a method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet, including the following steps: Step 1, Small Molecule Pre-Complexation Reaction: Inject 1000 parts by weight of deionized water (conductivity ≤5 μS / cm) into a reactor equipped with a heating jacket and a high-shear dispersing homogenizer. Start mechanical stirring at 200 rpm. Add 3 parts by weight of boric acid (purity ≥99.0%) and 15 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol (purity ≥99.5%) sequentially. Start jacket heating to raise and maintain the system temperature at 40°C. Slowly add a 10% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution dropwise using a metering pump, monitoring the pH value online. Stop adding the solution when the pH reaches 7.8. Under these temperature and pH conditions, maintain constant temperature and stir continuously for 30 minutes to complete the pre-complexation reaction.

[0028] Step 2, Matrix Dispersion and Rheological Locking: Cooling water is circulated into the reactor jacket to lower the temperature of the above reaction system to 20°C. A high-shear disperser is turned on, with the speed set to 1500 rpm. Under high-shear conditions, 30 parts by weight of calcium lignin sulfonate (weight-average molecular weight 5000-10000 Da, sulfonation degree 1.0-1.5 mmol / g, o-dihydroxyl content ≥1.2 mmol / g) is slowly added. After addition, high-shear dispersion is continued for 30 minutes until no visible particles remain in the system, forming a homogeneous, low-viscosity fluid system.

[0029] Step 3, Signal molecule loading: Reduce the stirring speed to 300 rpm and add 10 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid (purity ≥98.0%) to the system. Continue stirring for 15 minutes to ensure that the γ-aminobutyric acid is completely dissolved and the system is homogeneous, thus obtaining the finished high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition.

[0030] Step 4, Field Cultivation Intervention: Maintain the relative soil moisture content at 60% from millet sowing to the jointing stage. Two days before the millet enters the jointing stage, and before the forecast of continuous high temperatures (daily maximum temperature ≥35℃) accompanied by low humidity (relative humidity ≤40%) and drought, dilute the stress-resistant composition prepared in Step 3 50 times with water. Using an agricultural sprayer, adjust the nozzle working pressure to 0.2MPa and spray evenly on the entire leaf surface of the millet plant at a spray volume of 300L / ha.

[0031] Example 2: This embodiment provides a method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet, including the following steps: Step 1, Small Molecule Pre-Complexation Reaction: 1000 parts by weight of deionized water (conductivity ≤5 μS / cm) was injected into a reactor equipped with a heating jacket and a high-shear dispersant homogenizer. Mechanical stirring was started at 250 rpm. 4 parts by weight of boric acid (purity ≥99.0%) and 17.5 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol (purity ≥99.5%) were added sequentially. The jacket heating was activated to raise and maintain the system temperature at 42°C. A 12.5% ​​potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was slowly added dropwise using a metering pump, with the pH value monitored online. The addition was stopped when the pH reached 8.0. Under these temperature and pH conditions, the mixture was continuously stirred at a constant temperature for 35 minutes to complete the pre-complexation reaction.

[0032] Step 2, Matrix Dispersion and Rheological Locking: Cooling water is circulated into the reactor jacket to lower the temperature of the above reaction system to 22°C. A high-shear disperser is turned on, with the speed set to 2000 rpm. Under high-shear conditions, 40 parts by weight of calcium lignosulfonate (weight-average molecular weight 5000-10000 Da, sulfonation degree 1.0-1.5 mmol / g, o-dihydroxyl content ≥1.2 mmol / g) is slowly added. After addition, high-shear dispersion is continued for 35 minutes until no visible particles remain in the system, forming a homogeneous, low-viscosity fluid system.

[0033] Step 3, Signal molecule loading: Reduce the stirring speed to 400 rpm and add 12.5 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid (purity ≥98.0%) to the system. Continue stirring for 17 minutes to ensure that the γ-aminobutyric acid is completely dissolved and the system is homogeneous, thus obtaining the finished high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition.

[0034] Step 4, Field Cultivation Intervention: Maintain soil relative moisture content at 65% from millet sowing to the jointing stage. One day before the millet enters the heading stage, and before the forecast of continuous high temperatures (daily maximum temperature ≥35℃) accompanied by low humidity (relative humidity ≤40%) and drought, dilute the stress-resistant composition prepared in Step 3 75 times with water. Using an agricultural sprayer, adjust the nozzle working pressure to 0.3MPa and spray evenly on the entire leaf surface of the millet plant at a spray volume of 375L / ha.

[0035] Example 3: This embodiment provides a method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet, including the following steps: Step 1, Small Molecule Pre-Complexation Reaction: 1000 parts by weight of deionized water (conductivity ≤ 5 μS / cm) was injected into a reactor equipped with a heating jacket and a high-shear homogenizer. Mechanical stirring was started at 300 rpm. 5 parts by weight of boric acid (purity ≥ 99.0%) and 20 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol (purity ≥ 99.5%) were added sequentially. The jacket heating was activated to raise the system temperature and maintain it at 45°C. A 15% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was slowly added dropwise using a metering pump, with the pH value monitored online. The addition was stopped when the pH reached 8.2. Under these temperature and pH conditions, the mixture was continuously stirred at a constant temperature for 45 minutes to complete the pre-complexation reaction.

[0036] Step 2, Matrix Dispersion and Rheological Locking: Cooling water is circulated into the reactor jacket to lower the temperature of the above reaction system to 25°C. A high-shear disperser is turned on, with the speed set to 2500 rpm. Under high-shear conditions, 50 parts by weight of calcium lignosulfonate (weight-average molecular weight 5000-10000 Da, degree of sulfonation 1.0-1.5 mmol / g, o-dihydroxyl content ≥1.2 mmol / g) is slowly added. After addition, high-shear dispersion is continued for 40 minutes until no visible particles remain in the system, forming a homogeneous, low-viscosity fluid system.

[0037] Step 3, Signal molecule loading: Reduce the stirring speed to 500 rpm and add 15 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid (purity ≥98.0%) to the system. Continue stirring for 20 minutes to ensure that the γ-aminobutyric acid is completely dissolved and the system is homogeneous, thus obtaining the finished high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition.

[0038] Step 4, Field Cultivation Intervention: Maintain soil relative moisture content at 70% from millet sowing to the jointing stage. One day before the millet enters the heading stage, and before the forecast of continuous high temperatures (daily maximum temperature ≥35℃) accompanied by low humidity (relative humidity ≤40%) and drought, dilute the stress-resistant composition prepared in Step 3 100 times with water. Using an agricultural sprayer, adjust the nozzle working pressure to 0.4MPa and spray evenly on the entire leaf surface of the millet plant at a spray volume of 450L / ha.

[0039] Comparative Examples 1-5: Comparative Example 1: Compared with Example 2, the difference lies in the order of addition. Boric acid, 1,2-propanediol, and calcium lignosulfonate are added to water simultaneously and heated to adjust the pH. All other aspects are the same.

[0040] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 2, the difference is that 1,2-propanediol is removed from the formula and replaced with an equal amount of deionized water, while the rest are the same.

[0041] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 2, the difference is that calcium lignosulfonate in the formula is removed and replaced with an equal amount of deionized water, while the rest are the same.

[0042] Comparative Example 4: Compared with Example 2, the difference is that the composition consists of only 1000 parts of deionized water, 12.5 parts of GABA and an appropriate amount of conventional agricultural surfactant Tween-20, and the corresponding heating reaction steps are omitted and the mixture is directly mixed at room temperature. The remaining spraying steps are the same.

[0043] Comparative Example 5: Compared with Example 2, the difference lies in the field cultivation intervention stage, where only an equal amount of water is sprayed evenly on the entire leaf surface of the millet plant under high temperature and drought stress, while the rest of the cultivation steps are the same.

[0044] Test Examples 1-5: Test Example 1: Take 500 mL of the liquid composition prepared in each example and comparative example, transfer it to a standard test beaker, and place it in a constant temperature water bath at 25±1℃ for 30 minutes to eliminate air bubbles inside the liquid and allow the system temperature to reach thermal equilibrium.

[0045] Initial viscosity was determined using an NDJ-8S rotational viscometer. A matching rotor was installed according to the estimated viscosity range, and the instrument rotation speed was set to 60 r / min. The rotor was vertically immersed in the sample liquid to the specified mark, the instrument was started, and the initial dynamic viscosity of the system was recorded after the torque reading stabilized. The average of three independent measurements was taken for each test sample.

[0046] After completing the initial measurement, the beaker was tightly sealed with sealing film and placed in a light-proof and ventilated 25°C constant temperature room, where it was kept in a static state for 24 hours.

[0047] After the storage period ends, remove the sealing film from the beaker, repeat the test procedure and instrument parameters of step 2 above, measure the dynamic viscosity after 24 hours of storage, and calculate its rate of change relative to the initial viscosity.

[0048] Table 1. Changes in dynamic viscosity of the composition at the initial stage and after standing for 24 hours.

[0049] in conclusion: Based on the data in Table 1, and in conjunction with the appendix... Figure 1 With appendix Figure 2 Analysis showed that the initial dynamic viscosity of Examples 1-3 at room temperature ranged from 14.8 to 23.1 mPa·s. (See attached...) Figure 1As shown, the Y-axis (dynamic viscosity) of this figure is displayed on a logarithmic coordinate axis. The light gray bars represent the initial dynamic viscosity upon completion of preparation, and the dark gray bars represent the dynamic viscosity after 24 hours of constant temperature settling. The values ​​for Examples 1-3 are all within a low rheological range and show only slight changes. After 24 hours of settling, combined with the values ​​displayed on the logarithmic coordinate axis... Figure 2 (The Y-axis represents the viscosity change rate.) It can be seen that the viscosity change rates of all three components remain below 6%, and the system maintains a stable low-viscosity fluid state.

[0050] In contrast, Comparative Example 1 had an initial dynamic viscosity of 180.4 mPa·s at the completion stage, significantly exceeding the atomization rheological range of conventional pesticide aqueous solutions. Furthermore, after standing for 24 hours, its dynamic viscosity increased sharply to 6135.2 mPa·s. (Appendix) Figure 1 This visually reflects the order-of-magnitude difference in the values ​​of Comparative Example 1 and the obvious cross-linking and curing characteristics. Meanwhile, attached... Figure 2 The specific values ​​at the top of the column visually demonstrate the final impact of different process feeding sequences on the stability of the system. The extremely high rate of change in Comparative Example 1 reflects that the system lost its overall fluidity, underwent an irreversible early cross-linking reaction, and transformed into a solidified gel state.

[0051] The rheological parameter changes in the examples confirm the direct effect of reaction timing settings on controlling early crosslinking of the polymer. The example scheme, by controlling temperature and pH, preferentially allows 1,2-propanediol to form a structurally stable five-membered cyclic borate ester complex with borate ions, thus blocking the crosslinking active sites. When calcium lignin sulfonate is added in this environment, due to the lack of free crosslinking agents in the aqueous phase, the ortho-dihydroxyl groups of the polymer backbone are in an inactive state, and the lignin molecules maintain a spatially extended free dispersion, thereby ensuring that the system possesses Newtonian fluid properties suitable for conventional agricultural machinery pipelines and high-pressure nozzles. Comparative Example 1 uses a blending process, eliminating the masking time difference. The dissociated free borate ions directly undergo intermolecular and intramolecular complexation crosslinking reactions with calcium lignin sulfonate, rapidly constructing a continuous three-dimensional network hydrogel framework. The disordered increase in crosslinking density leads to a nonlinear increase in the internal frictional resistance of the system, macroscopically manifested as runaway dynamic viscosity. Experimental data demonstrate the effectiveness of suppressing early crosslinking mechanisms through chemical equilibrium shift, and establish the necessity of using the order of material addition under a specific component ratio as the physical basis for the engineering application of the scheme.

[0052] Test Example 2: The internal environmental parameters of the artificial climate chamber were set as follows: temperature 35±0.5℃ and relative humidity 30±2% to simulate the external meteorological conditions of high temperature and low humidity.

[0053] Take a smooth Teflon test plate, wipe the surface with anhydrous ethanol, and place it in a drying oven for drying. Weigh and record the initial constant weight of each test plate using an analytical balance with an accuracy of 1 / 100,000.

[0054] Based on the dilution ratios set in the aforementioned field cultivation intervention stage, the liquid compositions of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were diluted with deionized water for immediate use.

[0055] Using a micropipette, pipette 50 μL of the diluted sample solution and add it vertically to the center of the corresponding Teflon test plate. Immediately weigh the total mass of the test plate containing the droplets using an analytical balance and calculate the initial mass of the droplets.

[0056] Place the test plate containing the sample solution flat on the horizontal stage inside the artificial climate chamber.

[0057] Every 10 minutes, each test panel was removed from the climate chamber for rapid weighing. After recording the mass change data, it was quickly returned to its original position. The weighing operation time was controlled within 15 seconds to reduce environmental interference.

[0058] The droplet water loss rate is calculated based on the recorded mass data. When the water mass in the droplet decreases to 50% of the initial water mass, the corresponding specific time is calculated by linear interpolation using data from two adjacent points, and this is recorded as the half-life water loss time.

[0059] Continuously observe and record the mass until the mass difference of three consecutive adjacent weighings is less than 0.0001 g, indicating that the volatile water in the system has evaporated completely and the droplets have formed a solid film or crystals. Record the cumulative time from the last weighing to the initial addition of the sample solution, which is recorded as the complete drying time (wetting time).

[0060] Table 2. Droplet dehydration kinetic parameters of the composition under simulated high-temperature conditions

[0061] in conclusion: Based on the data in Table 2 and the appendix Figure 3 Analysis revealed significant differences in the droplet half-life, water loss time, and complete drying time for each composition under simulated high-temperature conditions (35°C). (See attached image.) Figure 3As shown in the bar chart, light gray bars represent the time required for the droplet to lose 50% of its water, and dark gray bars represent the time required for complete water evaporation. The half-life water loss times of Examples 1-3 ranged from 41.2 to 53.8 min, with complete drying times ranging from 128.5 to 161.4 min. The half-life water loss time of Comparative Example 3 was 17.9 min, with a complete drying time of 44.6 min. The half-life water loss time of Comparative Example 4 was 13.4 min, with a complete drying time of only 35.2 min. The graph clearly shows that the drying cycles of Examples 1-3 were significantly longer than those of Comparative Examples 3 and 4. The time parameters obtained from the Example groups exceeded those of the Comparative Example groups by several times, verifying the water retention efficiency of the film-forming matrix.

[0062] Combined with appendix Figure 4 The differences in evaporation rates between different systems during the high-temperature dehydration process can be observed directly. (Attached) Figure 4 The horizontal axis represents the isothermal observation time (minutes), and the vertical axis represents the percentage of remaining water mass in the droplet (%). To ensure clear identification under grayscale printing conditions, different line types and discrete data point markers were used for the five curves. The curve slope represents the dynamic evolution of the evaporation rate. In the isothermal test environment of 35°C, the water inside the droplet in the example evaporated upon heating. As the water content decreased and the volatile 1,2-propanediol continued to escape from the gas-liquid interface, a physical concentration process occurred within the droplet system. The change in reactant concentration disrupted the original chemical equilibrium, causing the stable borate ester complex to undergo reverse dissociation, releasing free borate ions into the aqueous phase. Driven by the continuous reduction of ambient moisture, the dissociated free borate ions spatially crosslinked with the ortho-dihydroxyl groups on the calcium lignin sulfonate molecular chain, constructing a three-dimensional network hydrogel membrane structure in situ at the solid-liquid interface of the Teflon test plate. The dense hydrogen bonds within this polymer crosslinking network physically and chemically bound the free water molecules, reducing the high saturated vapor pressure of the water molecules within the system. This structure restricts the rate at which water molecules diffuse out of the environment, macroscopically manifesting as a slowdown in droplet evaporation and a prolonged period of humidification. (See attached image) Figure 4 As shown, the curves of the example group show a significant slowdown trend in the middle and later stages due to the physical constraint of the in-situ cross-linked network film formation.

[0063] In contrast, as shown in the appendix Figure 4As shown, the curves of the comparative examples exhibit a rapid and steep decay until complete drying in the barrier-free state. Calcium lignosulfonate was removed from the formulation of Comparative Example 3. During the droplet dehydration and concentration stage, due to the lack of a polymeric film-forming matrix framework to support the cross-linking reaction, the system could not construct a network structure capable of binding water. Water molecules inside the droplets remained in a free water state and rapidly dissipated according to conventional thermodynamic laws with the input of ambient heat energy, resulting in a shorter measured drying time. Comparative Example 4, due to the addition of the conventional agricultural surfactant Tween-20, reduced interfacial tension, causing the droplets to spread planar on the hydrophobic Teflon plate surface, increasing the surface area of ​​the droplets in contact with air. The increased gas-liquid exchange area accelerated the evaporation rate of water, resulting in the lowest water loss time in all indicators for this group. The test data verified the existence of the ligand exchange-triggered polymeric phase transition network reconstruction mechanism at a non-biological interface, confirming the physical engineering feasibility of this in-situ film-forming mechanism in altering the microstructure of liquids and reducing the evaporation rate.

[0064] Test Example 3: Potted millet plants that had reached the heading stage and exhibited uniform growth were selected and moved into an artificial climate chamber for environmental acclimatization. The temperature in the climate chamber was set at 35±1℃, the relative humidity at a constant 38±2%, and the light intensity at 800 μmol / (m²). 2 ·s), simulating high temperature, low humidity, and drought weather.

[0065] Liquid compositions for Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 2 and 4 were prepared according to the dilution ratios. The second-to-last leaf of the plant was selected as the target functional leaf, and a micro-quantitative sprayer was used to uniformly spray both sides of the leaf. Five biological replicates were set up for each treatment group, and the actual sample volume sprayed on each leaf was recorded. The initial theoretical total amount of GABA attached was calculated based on the sample concentration.

[0066] After spraying, the plants continued to be cultivated in an artificial climate chamber with a set environment. At 2 hours and 4 hours after treatment, the corresponding treated leaves were cut with stainless steel scissors, and each leaf was placed in a pre-numbered stoppered glass test tube.

[0067] Add 15 mL of eluent prepared from a mixture of ultrapure water and methanol at a volume ratio of 80:20 to each test tube. Place the test tubes in a constant-temperature ultrasonic cleaner and elute with low power at 25°C for 10 minutes to fully dissolve the residual composition on the leaf surface into the liquid phase. After removing the leaves, transfer the eluent to a volumetric flask and dilute to volume.

[0068] Take an appropriate amount of the eluent after adjusting the volume and filter it through a 0.22 μm organic phase microporous membrane. Since GABA lacks a strong UV-absorbing chromophore, add o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and β-mercaptoethanol reagent to the filtrate to carry out a pre-column derivatization reaction.

[0069] The derivatized sample was analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with a UV detector. The peak areas were recorded and substituted into the standard curve to calculate the residual GABA mass in the eluent. The apparent absorbance was calculated using the formula: .

[0070] Table 3. Residual GABA content and apparent absorption rate on the leaves of live millet.

[0071] in conclusion: Based on the data in Table 3 and the appendix Figure 5 Analysis shows that there are significant differences in absorption kinetics among the treatment groups. (See attached diagram) Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis represents the test groups, and the vertical axis represents the apparent absorption rate of GABA across the stratum corneum (%). Light gray bars represent the absorption rate measured 2 hours after spraying, and dark gray bars represent the absorption rate measured 4 hours after spraying. Specific percentage data are marked above the bars. Examples 1-3 showed an apparent GABA absorption rate of 45.44% to 51.79% at 2 hours after spraying and 70.38% to 76.17% at 4 hours. Comparative Example 2 showed an apparent absorption rate of 20.81% at 2 hours and 34.36% at 4 hours. Comparative Example 4 showed an apparent absorption rate of 18.33% at 2 hours, increasing only to 20.88% at 4 hours. The figure clearly shows that the absorption efficiency of the example groups was significantly higher than that of the comparative examples at both time points, and maintained a continuous transmembrane absorption trend within the 2-hour to 4-hour range. The data indicates that the example scheme can significantly improve the transmembrane absorption efficiency of the active ingredient and maintain a sustained absorption kinetic process in a high-temperature, low-humidity environment.

[0072] The cuticle of plant leaves, composed of highly hydrophobic cuticle polymers and embedded waxes, is the primary physical barrier for the transmembrane transport of polar small molecules such as GABA. The 1,2-propanediol included in this example, as an amphiphilic organic molecule, can interact with lipid components in the cuticle, increasing the fluidity of the cuticle structure and reducing its density. Under high temperatures, as propylene glycol evaporates and escapes into the environment, it reconstructs molecular diffusion channels in situ on the cuticle surface. This permeation escape mechanism reduces interfacial tension while providing a low-resistance transmembrane penetration pathway for polar GABA molecules. Furthermore, the lignin cross-linking phase transition triggered by the escape of propylene glycol forms a network hydrogel microenvironment on the leaf surface. This hydrogel membrane effectively locks in free water within the droplets, preventing instantaneous evaporation at high temperatures and allowing GABA molecules that are not immediately absorbed to remain in a dissolved state. This continuous hydration environment provides the necessary thermodynamic conditions for concentration gradient-driven passive diffusion.

[0073] In Comparative Example 2, 1,2-propanediol was omitted from the formulation. Without the participation of a potent transdermal penetration enhancer, the physical barrier of the cuticle was not effectively weakened, and the rate at which GABA molecules naturally permeated across the dense waxy layer was significantly limited. Although the film-forming mechanism of lignin could still maintain leaf surface moisture, the lack of transmembrane channels resulted in an absorption rate that remained at a moderate level. In Comparative Example 4, because only conventional surfactants were used and the masking and film-forming systems were removed, the droplets rapidly lost moisture after unfolding on the leaf surface. Under high temperature and low humidity conditions, the solvent water evaporated completely in a short time, causing the dissolved GABA to rapidly precipitate on the leaf surface and form dry crystals. Once the solute crystallized, the exchange of substances at the liquid-solid interface ceased, completely losing the ability to diffuse and permeate into the mesophyll cells, corresponding to the absorption rate at the 4-hour node almost stopping compared to the 2-hour node. Figure 5 The data from Comparative Example 4, which showed absorption stagnation in the later stages, confirms this physical limitation. The test results demonstrate that utilizing the permeation escape properties of propylene glycol in conjunction with phase transformation film can solve the technical challenge of hindered absorption of water-soluble physiological signal molecules under extreme drought conditions.

[0074] Test Example 4: Potted millet plants at the jointing stage with uniform growth were selected and transferred to an artificial climate chamber for high-temperature stress pretreatment. The day-night temperature in the climate chamber was set at 38±1℃ / 30±1℃, the relative humidity at 40±5%, the light cycle at 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness, and the light intensity at 800 μmol / (m²). 2 ·s).

[0075] After maintaining the stress environment for 24 hours, foliar spraying was applied to plants in each experimental group. Liquid compositions of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 2, 3, and 4 were prepared according to the predetermined dilution ratios and evenly sprayed onto both sides of all leaves of the plant using a metered-dose micro-sprayer until dripping water was observed at the edges. Comparative Example 5 served as a blank control group, sprayed with an equal volume of deionized water. Six biological replicates were set up for each treatment group.

[0076] After spraying, all plants continued to be cultured in an artificial climate chamber with the above-mentioned high-temperature stress parameters. After 3 days of continuous stress treatment, leaf tissue without mechanical damage from the middle section of the second-to-last leaf of each plant was harvested.

[0077] Weigh 0.5g of fresh functional leaf sample, cut it into small pieces, and place it in a pre-chilled mortar. Add 5mL of pre-chilled 50mmol / L phosphate buffer (pH 7.8, containing 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone) and grind into a homogenate under ice bath conditions. Transfer the homogenate to a centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4℃ and 10000r / min for 20 minutes. Take the supernatant as the crude enzyme extract and store it on ice in the dark until analysis.

[0078] Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) photochemical reduction method. The reaction system consisted of 50 mmol / L phosphate buffer, 130 mmol / L methionine, 750 μmol / L NBT, 100 μmol / L EDTA-Na2, 20 μmol / L riboflavin, and an appropriate amount of enzyme extraction buffer. The reaction tubes were placed under a 4000 lx fluorescent lamp for 20 minutes, with a light-protected tube without enzyme solution used as a zeroing blank. The absorbance at 560 nm was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and SOD activity was calculated as one unit (U) of enzyme activity, defined as 50% inhibition of NBT photochemical reduction.

[0079] Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colorimetric method. A certain volume of enzyme extract was taken and added to a 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution containing 0.6% TBA. After mixing thoroughly, the mixture was heated in a boiling water bath at 100℃ for 15 minutes. After rapid cooling, it was centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 10 minutes. The supernatant was collected, and the absorbance values ​​at 532 nm, 600 nm, and 450 nm were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The concentration of MDA in the reaction mixture was calculated using a dual-wavelength formula, and then converted to the MDA content per gram of fresh leaf tissue.

[0080] Table 4. Results of SOD activity and MDA content determination in millet leaves after 3 days of high temperature stress treatment

[0081] in conclusion: Based on the data in Table 4 and the appendix Figure 6 Analysis showed that there were significant differences in the physiological and biochemical indicators of millet after 3 days of high-temperature stress treatment among the groups. (See attached image) Figure 6 The graph is shown as a combination of two axes, with the horizontal axis representing each test group; the left principal Y-axis and the corresponding light gray bars represent leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (U / gFW); the right secondary Y-axis and the corresponding marked line represent malondialdehyde (MDA) content (μmol / gFW). In Examples 1-3, after 3 days of high-temperature stress treatment, the leaf SOD activity reached 412.38 to 441.05 U / gFW, while the corresponding MDA content remained in the low range of 2.94 to 3.51 μmol / gFW. Comparative Example 5, serving as a blank control, showed impaired physiological metabolism under extreme high temperatures, with SOD activity at only 184.22 U / gFW and MDA content rising to 9.94 μmol / gFW, indicating lipid peroxidation damage to the cell membrane system. The SOD activities of Comparative Examples 2, 3, and 4 ranged from 251.56 to 308.74 U / gFW, and the MDA contents ranged from 5.82 to 7.69 μmol / gFW. (See attached image) Figure 6The study visually demonstrated a clear negative correlation between increased SOD activity and decreased MDA content. The example groups showed the highest level of SOD enzyme activity and the lowest level of membrane lipid peroxidation product accumulation, and their stress resistance performance was significantly better than that of the comparative examples and the blank control group (comparative example 5).

[0082] Plants produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under high-temperature stress, leading to cell membrane lipid peroxidation, which macroscopically manifests as plant wilting and tissue necrosis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that scavenge ROS, and mesenchymal derivatives (MDA) are decomposition products of membrane lipid peroxidation. The values ​​of both reflect the strength of the plant's stress resistance system and the degree of cell damage. Data from the examples validated the interaction between GABA signaling molecules and Ca2+ carried by the membrane-forming matrix. 2+ Synergistic cascade amplification effect in physiological pathways. In the example, after the composition forms a hydrogel film on the leaf surface, GABA, enhanced by the permeation-enhancing effect of propylene glycol, crosses the membrane into the cytoplasm, acting as a stress signal to stimulate the anti-reverse transcription response of plant cells; simultaneously, free Ca2+ dissociates from calcium lignin sulfonate. 2+ As a second messenger, it penetrates into the mesophyll cells under the protection of a film-forming, moist environment.

[0083] When exogenous GABA signaling interacts with intracellular free Ca... 2+ When the concentration increase occurs simultaneously, Ca 2+ Binding to calmodulin (CaM) amplifies the GABA-triggered stress signaling pathway. This synergistic mechanism activates the transcriptional expression of the plant's own antioxidant enzymes, resulting in increased SOD activity in the example group compared to the control group. The highly active antioxidant system removes accumulated reactive oxygen species, blocks their attack on the cell membrane phospholipid bilayer, and minimizes MDA content, which reflects the degree of membrane damage.

[0084] Comparative Example 3, lacking calcium lignosulfonate, lost its film-forming and water-retaining function, resulting in short-term GABA absorption and cutting off exogenous Ca2+ absorption. 2+ The lack of a supplementary source and the absence of a synergistic amplification effect from a second messenger led to a decline in the ability to stimulate the antioxidant system. Comparative Example 4, using a traditional formula, experienced rapid water evaporation resulting in GABA crystallization, which failed to trigger an effective stress-resistance signaling pathway; its biochemical indicators were close to those of a simple high-temperature-damaged state. Experimental data confirmed that physical phase transformation into a film solved the problem of interfacial transport. The synergistic interaction between the film-forming components and the active ingredients along the plant's physiological signal transduction pathway constitutes the core mechanism by which this solution resists high-temperature damage.

[0085] Test Example 5: After the high-temperature stress stage from jointing to heading, the potted millet plants of Example 2, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5 were removed from the artificial climate chamber and transferred to a natural light greenhouse for post-disaster recovery cultivation. The greenhouse environmental parameters were adjusted to a suitable daytime temperature of 26±2℃, a nighttime temperature of 20±2℃, and a relative humidity maintained between 60% and 70% for millet growth.

[0086] Restore regular field water and fertilizer management throughout the entire life cycle. Irrigate all treatment groups according to uniform standards, maintain the relative soil moisture content at around 70%, and apply fast-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer according to the nutrient requirements of the growth stage until the plants reach physiological maturity.

[0087] When the millet ears turn yellow, the stems and leaves turn yellow, and the millet exhibits the inherent maturity characteristics of the variety, the ears of each biological replicate group are harvested. The harvested ears are placed in mesh bags and left to air dry in a well-ventilated and dry place until the moisture content of the grains drops to the standard safe moisture range of 13% to 14%.

[0088] The air-dried millet ears were threshed manually. Empty grains, husks, and impurities were removed using a miniature seed cleaner to obtain clean millet grains. The clean millet grains from each treatment group were weighed and recorded separately.

[0089] Using an electronic grain counter, 1000 plump grains were randomly selected from the net grains of each replicate group. Their mass was measured using an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.01%. The process was repeated 3 times, and the average value was taken to determine the weight of 1000 grains.

[0090] Before threshing, 10 representative ears of grain were randomly selected from each group, and the total number of florets and the number of fully formed grains on each ear were counted. The grain filling rate was calculated as the percentage of fully formed grains out of the total number of florets.

[0091] The actual yield per plant was summarized, and combined with the set standard number of plants per mu (equivalent field planting density set at 40,000 plants / mu), the average yield per plant was converted into theoretical yield per mu data.

[0092] Table 5. Statistics on agronomic traits and yield of millet during the post-high-temperature recovery and ripening period.

[0093] in conclusion: Based on the data in Table 5 and the appendix Figure 7 Analysis shows that after being subjected to high-temperature stress and recovering to maturity in a natural environment, the final yield components of each group differed significantly. (See attached image.) Figure 7As shown, the graph consists of three side-by-side subgraphs, corresponding from left to right to the three core agronomic indicators: thousand-grain weight (g), seed setting rate (%), and theoretical yield per mu (kg / mu). In each subgraph, the light gray bars represent the results of Example 2, the dark gray bars represent the traditional formula comparative example 4, and the dark black bars represent the blank control comparative example 5 without chemical intervention. The specific yield values ​​are marked above the bars. After being subjected to high-temperature stress and recovering to maturity, Example 2 achieved a thousand-grain weight of 3.14g, a seed setting rate of 87.62%, and a theoretical yield per mu of 348.15kg / mu. Comparative example 5, serving as the blank control, suffered severe damage from high temperatures, with a thousand-grain weight of only 2.18g, a seed setting rate decreasing to 53.21%, and a final theoretical yield per mu dropping to 189.74kg / mu. Comparative Example 4 used a traditional aqueous formulation, with a thousand-grain weight of 2.51g, a seed setting rate of 68.49%, and a theoretical yield of 261.37kg / mu. The graph visually demonstrates that Example 2 maintained the highest level across all three core yield indicators, successfully resisting the yield reduction crisis caused by heat damage, with all yield components within the critical range of a normal, unaffected year. Comparative Example 5, on the other hand, suffered a severe blow, reaching the lowest level across all three indicators.

[0094] The jointing to heading stage of millet is a critical physiological window period determining the number of grains per spike and the development of reproductive organs. Extreme high-temperature stress directly leads to a decrease in pollen viability and loss of stigma receptivity, resulting in a large number of floret abortions, which manifests as a decline in seed setting rate in macroscopic yield. Simultaneously, high-temperature-induced peroxidation of leaf membrane lipids disrupts the photosynthetic system, causing premature leaf senescence and cutting off the source of carbohydrate synthesis required during grain filling, thus reducing the thousand-grain weight. The yield data from Example 2 validates the macroscopic transformation of biochemical stress resistance mechanisms in agronomic production. After spraying, the liquid composition of Example 2 triggers in-situ cross-linking of calcium lignin sulfonate into a film, constructing a hydrogel physical barrier covering the leaf and young spike surfaces. This barrier limits rapid water evaporation, maintains the hydration state of the microenvironment required for reproductive organ development, and prevents damage to floral tissues caused by acute dehydration.

[0095] Based on physical water retention, GABA molecules penetrate the cuticle and enter the cell via the osmotic effect of propylene glycol, where they react with Ca released from lignin. 2+A cascade amplification effect was generated, activating the transcriptional expression of superoxide dismutase. Reactive oxygen species within the plant were scavenged, preventing the peroxidative degradation of the cell membrane phospholipid bilayer. The photosynthetic tissues of the leaves and the reproductive tissues of the spike maintained structural integrity and functional activity at the cellular level. Therefore, after the stress was relieved and normal temperature and water and fertilizer management was restored, the flag leaf of Example 2 was able to rapidly restore its photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity, continuously synthesizing photosynthetic products from the source end and transporting them to the sink end of the grain, ensuring the accumulation of dry matter and achieving a high level of thousand-grain weight. The reproductive organs were protected from oxidative damage during the high-temperature period, and the fertilization process was successfully completed, resulting in a high seed setting rate.

[0096] Comparative Example 5 lost water and biochemical regulation during stress, resulting in passive stomatal closure leading to photosynthetic arrest, cell membrane damage, and pollen abortion. Post-disaster recovery through water and fertilizer could not reverse organ necrosis, leading to a decrease in seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight. Comparative Example 4 lacked a phase-forming membrane matrix and permeation-enhancing mechanism. The effective component GABA crystallized out after droplet evaporation and failed to enter the cells to exert its signaling regulatory role. The plant organs still essentially suffered from heat damage and oxidative damage, resulting in limited yield improvement. Agronomic yield measurement data confirm that the combination of in-situ membrane-forming physical barriers and intracellular antioxidant biochemical regulation not only enhances the plant's microscopic physiological resistance but also ultimately achieves the agricultural engineering goal of stabilizing grain yield under extreme weather disasters.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Deionized water was injected into the reactor, mechanical stirring was started, and boric acid and 1,2-propanediol were added to the reactor. The heating process is initiated to raise and maintain the temperature inside the reactor. A potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is added dropwise to the reaction vessel, and the pH value in the reaction vessel is monitored online. After the addition is stopped, the mixture is continuously stirred under constant temperature and constant pH conditions. Cooling water is introduced into the reactor to lower the temperature inside the reactor; Turn on the high-shear dispersion homogenizer and add calcium lignosulfonate into the reactor; after the addition is completed, continue high-shear dispersion to form a fluid system; γ-aminobutyric acid was added to the fluid system and mechanical stirring was carried out continuously to obtain a high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition. Maintain the relative soil moisture content at 60%-70% from millet sowing to the jointing stage; During the jointing or heading stage of millet, before the weather forecast predicts continuous high temperatures accompanied by low humidity and drought, the finished product of the high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition is diluted with clean water, the working pressure of the agricultural sprayer nozzle is adjusted, and the entire leaf surface of the millet plant is sprayed evenly.

2. The method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant millet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The proportions of each raw material are as follows: 1000 parts by weight of the deionized water were injected into the reactor. The mechanical stirring speed is set to 200-300 rpm; Add 3-5 parts by weight of the boric acid and 15-20 parts by weight of the 1,2-propanediol to the reaction vessel; The heating process is initiated to raise and maintain the temperature inside the reactor at 40-45°C. The mass fraction of the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 10%-15%; Stop adding water when the pH value in the reactor reaches 7.8-8.2; Stir continuously for 30-45 minutes under constant temperature and constant pH conditions.

3. The method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet according to claim 1, characterized in that, Under the ratio of each raw material, cooling water is introduced into the reactor to lower the temperature inside the reactor to 20-25°C; The shear speed of the high shear dispersion homogenizer is set to 1500-2500 rpm; Add 30-50 parts by weight of the calcium lignosulfonate into the reactor; Continue high-shear dispersion for 30-40 minutes.

4. The method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet according to claim 1, characterized in that, Under the given ratio of raw materials, 10-15 parts by weight of the γ-aminobutyric acid are added to the fluid system; The rotation speed for continuous mechanical stirring is 300-500 rpm; The continuous mechanical stirring time is 15-20 minutes.

5. The method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet according to claim 1, characterized in that, One to two days before the arrival of drought weather with a daily maximum temperature not lower than 35°C and relative humidity not exceeding 40%, dilute the finished product of the high temperature resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition with clean water 50-100 times. The working pressure of the agricultural sprayer nozzle is adjusted to 0.2-0.4 MPa; The entire leaf surface of the millet plant was uniformly sprayed at a spraying rate of 300-450 L / ha.

6. The method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant millet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductivity of the deionized water does not exceed 5 μS / cm; The purity of the boric acid is not less than 99.0%; The purity of the 1,2-propanediol is not less than 99.5%; The purity of the γ-aminobutyric acid is not less than 98.0%.

7. The method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight-average molecular weight of the calcium lignosulfonate is 5000-10000 Da; The degree of sulfonation of the calcium lignosulfonate is 1.0-1.5 mmol / g; The content of ortho-dihydroxyl groups in the calcium lignosulfonate is not less than 1.2 mmol / g.

8. The method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-resistant millet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor is equipped with a heating jacket and the high-shear dispersion homogenizer; The potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was slowly added dropwise into the reactor using a metering pump, and the pH value inside the reactor was monitored online. The operation of introducing cooling water into the reactor to reduce the temperature inside the reactor is to introduce cooling water into the heating jacket; The operation of continuous high-shear dispersion is performed until no particles are visible to the naked eye in the fluid system.

9. The method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The proportions of each raw material are as follows: 1000 parts by weight of the deionized water were injected into the reactor. The mechanical stirring speed is set to 200-250 rpm; Add 3-4 parts by weight of the boric acid and 15-17.5 parts by weight of the 1,2-propanediol to the reaction vessel; The heating process is initiated to raise and maintain the temperature inside the reactor at 40-42°C. The mass fraction of the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 10%-12.5%; Stop adding water when the pH value in the reactor reaches 7.8-8.0; Stir continuously for 30-35 minutes under constant temperature and constant pH conditions; Cooling water is introduced into the reactor to lower the temperature inside the reactor to 20-22°C; The shear speed of the high shear dispersion homogenizer is set to 1500-2000 rpm; Add 30-40 parts by weight of the calcium lignosulfonate into the reactor; Continue high-shear dispersion for 30-35 minutes; Add 10-12.5 parts by weight of the γ-aminobutyric acid to the fluid system; The rotation speed for continuous mechanical stirring is 300-400 rpm; The continuous mechanical stirring time is 15-17 minutes.

10. The method for regulating the cultivation of high-temperature resistant and stress-tolerant millet according to claim 5, characterized in that, Maintain the relative soil moisture content at 60%-65% from millet sowing to the jointing stage; One to two days before the arrival of drought weather with a daily maximum temperature not lower than 35°C and relative humidity not exceeding 40%, dilute the finished product of the high temperature resistant and stress-resistant foliar spraying composition with clean water 50-75 times. The working pressure of the agricultural sprayer nozzle is adjusted to 0.2-0.3 MPa; The entire leaf surface of the millet plant was uniformly sprayed at a spraying rate of 300-375 L / ha.

Images