An intelligent control method of a range hood, a storage medium, and a range hood

Abstract

The application relates to an intelligent control method of an extractor hood, which comprises the following steps: S1, initializing an electromechanical coupling mathematical model of a fan system; initializing a damping control model, wherein the damping control model comprises a feedforward control model and a speed loop PID control law; initializing a gain scheduling control model, wherein the gain scheduling control model comprises a wind pressure loop control law; S2, when the extractor hood is working, vibration adaptive control is carried out: superimposing output data of the feedforward control model and the speed loop PID control law, and carrying out fan control on the basis of the electromechanical coupling mathematical model; constant wind pressure adaptive control is carried out: based on output data of the wind pressure loop control law, fan control is carried out on the basis of the electromechanical coupling mathematical model. The method can reduce fan start-stop impact, improve wind pressure control precision, and realize parameter adaptive control, thereby meeting the performance requirements of high efficiency, low noise and stable operation of the extractor hood in the kitchen environment. The application also relates to a storage medium and an extractor hood applying the method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent control technology for range hoods, and particularly to an intelligent control method, storage medium, and range hood for a range hood. Background Technology

[0002] Range hoods are widely used as a common kitchen appliance. However, existing range hood control methods have the following technical drawbacks: During motor start-up and shutdown, due to the large rotational inertia of the fan impeller, the use of an open-loop voltage surge and desurge control method generates impact accelerations exceeding 50 m / s², causing strong mechanical vibration and noise pollution. Simultaneously, this vibration increases bearing wear by over 40%, significantly shortening the equipment's lifespan.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN110686297B (application number 201910998676.7) discloses a range hood that reduces motor noise and mitigates unbalanced forces caused by eccentric impeller assembly by incorporating shock-absorbing connectors, thus improving fan noise. However, this solution is a passive shock-absorbing structure, requiring additional mechanical components that increase cost and size, and its effectiveness in suppressing transient impacts during start-up and shutdown is limited.

[0004] During the operation of range hoods, existing technologies typically employ speed control via a gear switch, setting a fixed speed based on the user-selected gear. This control method cannot adjust in real-time according to the actual oil fume load, resulting in air pressure fluctuations exceeding ±15Pa and hindering precise airflow regulation. To improve the accuracy of fan parameter control, some range hoods incorporate PID control algorithms. However, the impact of time-varying fan system parameters on control performance is not considered. A range hood is essentially a strongly nonlinear, time-varying electromechanical-pneumatic coupled system. First, the electrical parameters (winding resistance, inductance) of the fan system change with temperature, the mechanical parameters (moment of inertia, damping coefficient) are affected by impeller dust accumulation, and the aerodynamic parameters (air pressure-speed characteristics) change with exhaust duct resistance. These time-varying characteristics make it difficult for fixed-parameter PID controllers to adapt to different operating conditions. Second, the lack of precise modeling of the range hood's dynamic characteristics leads to difficulties in tuning control parameters, often relying on empirical trial-and-error methods, which cannot guarantee control quality. Furthermore, oil contamination in the kitchen environment can cause sensor signal drift, further deteriorating control performance.

[0005] In summary, the existing technology has the following technical problems: (1) the motor has a large impact, serious vibration and noise, and fast bearing wear during the start-up and shutdown phase; (2) the wind pressure control accuracy is low during the operation phase and cannot be accurately adjusted according to the oil fume load; (3) the range hood has poor adaptive capability of working parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an intelligent control method for a range hood that can reduce the impact of fan start-up and shutdown, improve the accuracy of wind pressure control, and achieve adaptive parameter control, so as to meet the performance requirements of the kitchen environment for efficient, low-noise and stable operation of the range hood.

[0007] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program / instruction that can be executed by a processor to implement the aforementioned intelligent control method for a range hood.

[0008] The third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a range hood with low vibration, low noise, low wind pressure fluctuation, and the ability to make precise adjustments according to the oil fume load, in contrast to the above-mentioned prior art.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the first technical problem mentioned above is: an intelligent control method for a range hood, comprising the following steps.

[0010] S1. Initialize the electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the range hood's fan system from the fan control voltage to the output air pressure;

[0011] Initialize a vibration reduction control model for implementing adaptive vibration reduction control. The vibration reduction control model includes a feedforward control model characterizing the relationship between the feedforward voltage control quantity of the wind turbine and the planned S-curve speed, and a speed loop PID control law characterizing the relationship between the feedback voltage control quantity of the wind turbine and the wind turbine speed error.

[0012] Initialize a gain scheduling control model for implementing constant wind pressure adaptive control, the gain scheduling control model including a wind pressure loop control law that plans the relationship between the S-curve rotational speed and the wind pressure difference;

[0013] S2. When the range hood is working, it performs vibration adaptive control and constant wind pressure adaptive control based on the real-time operating data of the range hood obtained by detection.

[0014] The vibration adaptive control method is as follows: superimpose the output data of the feedforward control model and the velocity loop PID control law, and perform fan control based on the electromechanical coupling mathematical model;

[0015] The constant wind pressure adaptive control method is as follows: based on the output data of the wind pressure loop control law, the wind turbine is controlled on the basis of the electromechanical coupling mathematical model.

[0016] As an improvement, in step S1, a decoupling model for the guide vane angle is also initialized to realize the control of the guide vane angle in the range hood. The decoupling model for the guide vane angle includes a guide vane angle feedforward compensator that characterizes the relationship between the guide vane angle feedforward compensation amount and the fan speed increment, and an angle loop control law for the guide vane angle adjustment control.

[0017] When the range hood is working, in addition to controlling the fan, when the fan speed changes, the guide plate angle is controlled by controlling the movement of the guide plate based on the guide plate angle decoupling model.

[0018] As an improvement, the guide vane angle feedforward compensator is as follows: (Formula 1);

[0019] in, This is the feedforward compensation amount for the guide vane angle. This represents the actual rotational speed of the motor rotor in the fan. The actual rotational speed of the motor rotor relative to the motor's reference operating point The increment, The coefficients of the first-order terms, These are the coefficients of the second-order terms;

[0020] The angle loop control law is as follows: (Formula 2);

[0021] in, The output value is the control value for the deflector driver; For the angle loop proportional gain, For the angle loop integral gain, For the angle ring differential gain, For angle tracking error, , For the target angle of the deflector, , The base angle of the guide vane is preset and related to the motor speed. This refers to the actual angle of the air deflector.

[0022] As an improvement, the feedforward control model is as follows: (Formula 3);

[0023] in, This refers to the feedforward voltage control quantity output by the feedforward control model. This refers to the armature resistance of the motor in the fan. Let be the torque constant of the motor in the fan. The total moment of inertia of the fan. This is the total damping coefficient of the motor in the fan. Let be the back electromotive force constant of the motor in the fan;

[0024] To achieve the S-curve speed planned for the motor, For the corresponding acceleration, ;

[0025] The speed loop PID control law is: (Formula 4);

[0026] in The proportional gain of the speed loop PID control law. The integral gain of the speed loop PID control law. The derivative gain of the speed loop PID control law, This refers to the speed error of the motor in the fan. ,in This refers to the actual speed of the motor;

[0027] When controlling the operation of a wind turbine using a vibration adaptive control method, the feedforward current is first calculated. and feedback current ;

[0028] (Formula 5);

[0029] (Formula 6);

[0030] Then calculate and obtain the total current used to control the motor. , Based on total current Control the motor to achieve adaptive vibration control of the fan.

[0031] As an improvement, during the vibration adaptive control of the range hood, a vibration acceleration sensor on the fan casing is used to detect the fan's vibration acceleration data in real time. Vibration acceleration data With vibration acceleration threshold Compare, if Then adjust the differential gain in the speed loop PID control law as follows: ;

[0032] (Formula 7);

[0033] in, This is the adaptive adjustment coefficient that is set.

[0034] As an improvement, the wind pressure loop control law is as follows: (Formula 8);

[0035] in, For wind pressure error, , The target desired air pressure is the static pressure at the air outlet that the user sets or the range hood system is required to maintain in constant air pressure control. The actual measured wind pressure at the current moment is the real-time static pressure at the air outlet, which is actually collected by the wind pressure sensor at the current moment t.

[0036] It is the proportional gain of the wind pressure loop control law. It is the integral gain of the wind pressure loop control law. It is the differential gain of the wind pressure loop control law.

[0037] Motor speed control data based on the output of the wind pressure loop control law Based on the electromechanical coupling mathematical model, the fan is controlled, thereby realizing the adaptive control of the range hood's air pressure.

[0038] As an improvement, during the adaptive control of the range hood's air pressure, the aerodynamic gain is estimated in real time. Adjust the proportional gain and integral gain coefficients of the wind pressure loop control law. , ;

[0039] in This is the reference proportional gain for the wind pressure loop control law. ; This is the reference integral gain of the wind pressure loop control law. ; This refers to the bandwidth of the wind pressure ring of the fan. The damping ratio of the fan. This represents the total gain of the wind turbine system.

[0040] As an improvement, when using the wind pressure loop control law for adaptive wind pressure control of the range hood, anti-integral saturation control is applied to the integral term in the wind pressure loop control law.

[0041] As an improvement, the range hood monitors the concentration of cooking fumes in real time during operation. And calculate the rate of change in oil fume concentration. :

[0042] like continued Then, control the range hood to switch to the stir-fry mode;

[0043] like continued If so, the range hood will return to its normal operating mode;

[0044] in The maximum threshold for the rate of change in oil fume concentration. The minimum threshold for the rate of change in oil fume concentration. , The set time threshold;

[0045] When the range hood is operating in the stir-fry mode, adjust the proportional gain of the wind pressure loop control law. =a , =b , =c Where a > 1, b > 1, c > 1, and a, b, and c are the set adjustment coefficients.

[0046] As an improvement, the electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the wind turbine system is a dynamic model from the motor control voltage in the wind turbine to the output wind pressure of the wind turbine. ; (Formula 9);

[0047] in, This refers to the output air pressure of the fan. Where K is the control voltage of the wind turbine, and K is the electromechanical coupling mathematical model. Total gain Let be the mechanical time constant, and s be the complex frequency variable.

[0048] As an improvement, the electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the wind turbine system includes an electrical subsystem model, a mechanical subsystem model, and a pneumatic subsystem model connected in series.

[0049] In the electrical subsystem model, the voltage balance equation of the motor is expressed in the complex frequency domain as: (Formula 10);

[0050] in, This is the armature voltage of the motor in the fan, corresponding to the equivalent voltage of the PWM duty cycle conversion; This refers to the armature current of the motor in the fan. This refers to the armature resistance of the motor in the fan. This refers to the armature inductance of the motor in the fan. Let be the back electromotive force constant of the motor in the fan. ω represents the rotor angular velocity of the motor in the fan; s is the complex frequency variable;

[0051] Ignoring the influence of inductance in the motor, Formula 10 simplifies to: (Formula 11);

[0052] The electromagnetic torque equation of the motor is: (Formula 12);

[0053] in The electromagnetic torque of the motor. Let be the torque constant of the motor. ;

[0054] In the mechanical subsystem model, the equation of motion for the motor rotor in the wind turbine is: (Formula 13);

[0055] in, This represents the total moment of inertia of the rotor and impeller in the fan. Let be the mechanical viscous damping coefficient of the fan. This refers to the aerodynamic load torque of the fan.

[0056] pneumatic load torque At the wind turbine operating point The neighborhood linearization is as follows: (Formula 14);

[0057] Where D is the aerodynamic load damping coefficient. , This is the load factor;

[0058] Combining the aforementioned calculation formulas 11 to 14, we can obtain: (Formula 15);

[0059] The total damping coefficient of the fan (Formula 16);

[0060] The transfer function of fan speed with respect to voltage is: (Formula 17);

[0061] In the aerodynamic subsystem model, the relationship between the fan output pressure P and the rotational speed ω is linearized near the operating point as follows: (Formula 18);

[0062] in The aerodynamic gain coefficient is the fan speed. and the angle of the deflector The function;

[0063] (Formula 19);

[0064] in, This is the reference value for aerodynamic gain at the operating point. The rotor speed at the operating point of the fan. The angle of the guide vane at the working point. , To calculate the coefficients;

[0065] According to formulas 17 and 18, the open-loop transfer function of the range hood's fan system is given by formula 9:

[0066] (Formula 9);

[0067] in The mechanical time constant, ;

[0068] The total gain of the corresponding wind turbine system is: (Formula 20).

[0069] As an improvement, the total moment of inertia of the rotor and impeller in the fan... The method for obtaining this information is to set up an no-load acceleration test of the wind turbine and apply a step voltage. Record the speed response Then, the rotational speed response curve is obtained by fitting:

[0070] (Formula 21);

[0071] Obtain the mechanical time constant from the speed response curve. Combined with what is already known , , ,Depend on and When unloaded, D≈0, thus obtaining:

[0072] (Formula 22).

[0073] As an improvement, in the early stages of the range hood's operation, the steady-state operating point of the fan is obtained based on detection. , wind pressure Estimate the aerodynamic gain coefficient ;

[0074] From Formula 18, we can obtain: (Formula 23);

[0075] According to Formula 23, and based on pre-established different steady-state operating points ( , ) and matching wind pressure A two-dimensional table is used to obtain the current aerodynamic gain coefficient through bilinear interpolation. .

[0076] As an improvement, in the early stage of the range hood's operation, according to Formula 17, and the steady-state value of the motor's step response after the application of a step voltage, Calculate the total damping coefficient of the fan. :

[0077] (Formula 24);

[0078] in This refers to the step voltage applied to the motor.

[0079] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the second technical problem mentioned above is: a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program / instruction thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned intelligent control method for a range hood.

[0080] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the third technical problem mentioned above is: a range hood that applies the aforementioned intelligent control method for range hoods.

[0081] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: The intelligent control method of the range hood in this invention can achieve coordinated control of the motor speed in the fan through a feedforward control model and a speed loop PID control law. Based on the feedforward control model, the ideal torque feedforward amount required to track the speed curve is calculated and directly converted into the feedforward part of the motor control parameters. This enables the motor to quickly generate the required acceleration or deceleration torque, reducing speed overshoot and oscillation caused by torque lag, which is beneficial for achieving active vibration reduction. At the same time, combined with the speed loop PID control law for motor speed control, speed fluctuations can be effectively suppressed, reducing mechanical vibration caused by torque pulsation excitation from the source. Thus, the composite control strategy combining the feedforward control model and the speed loop PID control law achieves smooth motor start-stop, greatly reducing vibration and noise during motor start-stop.

[0082] The control target based on the wind pressure loop control law is wind pressure, which makes the dynamic performance of the range hood remain basically consistent under different speeds and different baffle openings, realizing constant wind pressure adaptive control, and can counteract the impact of changes in the resistance of the public flue on the smoke extraction effect. Attached Figure Description

[0083] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the architecture of the intelligent control method for a range hood in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0084] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0085] like Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent control method for the range hood in this embodiment includes steps S1 and S2.

[0086] S1. Initialize the electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the range hood's fan system, from the fan control voltage to the output air pressure.

[0087] Initialize a vibration reduction control model for implementing adaptive vibration reduction control. The vibration reduction control model includes a feedforward control model characterizing the relationship between the feedforward voltage control quantity of the wind turbine and the planned S-curve speed, and a speed loop PID control law characterizing the relationship between the feedback voltage control quantity of the wind turbine and the wind turbine speed error.

[0088] Initialize a gain scheduling control model for implementing constant wind pressure adaptive control. The gain scheduling control model includes a wind pressure loop control law that plans the relationship between the S-curve rotational speed and the wind pressure difference.

[0089] Initialize a decoupling model for the guide vane angle control in a range hood. The decoupling model includes a guide vane angle feedforward compensator that characterizes the relationship between the guide vane angle feedforward compensation and the fan speed increment, and an angle loop control law for guide vane angle adjustment control.

[0090] The electromechanical coupling mathematical model, vibration reduction control model, and gain scheduling control model of the fan system are all used for fan control in range hoods. The decoupling model of the guide vane angle is used for the opening degree control of the guide vane in the range hood.

[0091] S2. When the range hood is working, it performs vibration adaptive control and constant air pressure adaptive control based on the real-time operating data of the range hood obtained by detection.

[0092] The vibration adaptive control method is as follows: superimpose the output data of the feedforward control model and the velocity loop PID control law, and perform fan control based on the electromechanical coupling mathematical model.

[0093] The constant wind pressure adaptive control method is as follows: based on the output data of the wind pressure loop control law, the wind turbine is controlled on the basis of the electromechanical coupling mathematical model.

[0094] When the range hood is working, in addition to controlling the fan, when the fan speed changes, the guide plate angle is controlled by controlling the movement of the guide plate based on the guide plate angle decoupling model.

[0095] The specific implementation details of steps S1 and S2 are as follows.

[0096] To achieve precise control of the wind turbine, a dynamic model of the system, from the wind turbine control voltage to the output wind pressure, needs to be established; this is the electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the wind turbine system. In this embodiment, the electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the wind turbine system is a dynamic model. ; (Formula 9).

[0097] in, This refers to the output air pressure of the fan. Where K is the control voltage of the wind turbine, and K is the electromechanical coupling mathematical model. Total gain Let be the mechanical time constant, and s be the complex frequency variable.

[0098] Specifically, the process of establishing the electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the wind turbine system is as follows. In this embodiment, the electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the wind turbine system includes an electrical subsystem model, a mechanical subsystem model, and a pneumatic subsystem model connected in series.

[0099] In the electrical subsystem model, the voltage balance equation of the motor is expressed in the complex frequency domain as: (Formula 10);

[0100] in, This is the armature voltage of the motor in the fan, corresponding to the equivalent voltage of the PWM duty cycle conversion; This refers to the armature current of the motor in the fan. This refers to the armature resistance of the motor in the fan. This refers to the armature inductance of the motor in the fan. Let be the back electromotive force constant of the motor in the fan. ω represents the rotor angular velocity of the motor in the fan; s is a complex frequency variable.

[0101] Ignoring the influence of inductance in the motor, Formula 10 simplifies to: (Formula 11).

[0102] The electromagnetic torque equation of the motor is: (Formula 12).

[0103] in The electromagnetic torque of the motor. Let be the torque constant of the motor. .

[0104] In the mechanical subsystem model, the equation of motion for the motor rotor in the wind turbine is: (Formula 13).

[0105] in, This represents the total moment of inertia of the rotor and impeller in the fan. Let be the mechanical viscous damping coefficient of the fan. This refers to the aerodynamic load torque of the fan. The damping torque in the complex frequency domain has the following physical meaning: When the rotor rotates, the resistance torque generated by factors such as bearing friction and wind resistance is proportional to the angular velocity. It consumes the rotor's mechanical energy, suppresses speed fluctuations, and plays the role of damping system oscillation in the equation of motion.

[0106] pneumatic load torque At the wind turbine operating point The neighborhood linearization is as follows: (Formula 14). When the system is running stably, the electromagnetic torque exactly balances the pneumatic load torque plus the damping torque, and the rotational speed remains constant. This constant rotational speed is the operating point. .

[0107] Where D is the aerodynamic load damping coefficient. , This is the load factor.

[0108] Combining the aforementioned calculation formulas 11 to 14, we can obtain: (Formula 15);

[0109] The total damping coefficient of the fan (Formula 16).

[0110] in, D represents the mechanical damping of the motor rotor itself, including the mechanical damping contributed by bearing friction and wind resistance. D represents the load damping contributed by the aerodynamic load after linearization at the operating point. The additional electrical damping caused by the electromagnetic back electromotive force is the damping generated by the electromagnetic coupling of the motor. The back electromotive force increases with the speed, which in turn limits the current and torque, and is equivalent to an additional damping term. Therefore, this term needs to be added to the total damping.

[0111] The transfer function of fan speed with respect to voltage is: (Formula 17).

[0112] In the aerodynamic subsystem model, the relationship between the fan output pressure P and the rotational speed ω at the operating point... The neighborhood linearization is as follows: (Formula 18).

[0113] in The aerodynamic gain coefficient is the fan speed. and the angle of the deflector The function.

[0114] (Formula 19);

[0115] in, This is the reference value for aerodynamic gain at the operating point. The rotor speed at the operating point of the fan. The angle of the guide vane at the working point. , To calculate the coefficients. In this embodiment, It takes values ​​in the range of 0.001 to 0.01. It takes values ​​in the range of 0.05-0.2.

[0116] According to formulas 17 and 18, the open-loop transfer function of the range hood's fan system is given by formula 9:

[0117] (Formula 9).

[0118] in The mechanical time constant, .

[0119] The total gain of the corresponding wind turbine system is: (Formula 20).

[0120] To determine a more accurate electromechanical coupling mathematical model for the wind turbine system, the total moment of inertia of the rotor and impeller in the wind turbine was determined by analyzing operating data during the motor's operation. aerodynamic gain coefficient of the fan and the total damping coefficient of the wind turbine .

[0121] Specifically, the total moment of inertia of the rotor and impeller in the fan. The method for obtaining the data is as follows: set up an no-load acceleration test for the wind turbine, and apply a step voltage to the wind turbine during the no-load acceleration test. Record the speed response Then, the rotational speed response curve is obtained by fitting: (Formula 21).

[0122] Obtain the mechanical time constant from the speed response curve. Combined with what is already known , , ,Depend on and When unloaded, D≈0, thus obtaining: (Formula 22).

[0123] In the early stages of range hood operation, the steady-state operating point of the fan is obtained based on detection. , wind pressure Estimate the aerodynamic gain coefficient .

[0124] Before a range hood leaves the factory, a set of discrete combinations of speed and baffle angles are pre-planned during the calibration phase on the test bench environment. The speed is divided according to commonly used settings: for example... (Low-end) (Mid-range) (High-end), covering all commonly used operating ranges. The guide vane angle is evenly selected at points within the adjustment range: for example... (All closed) , , (Fully open), covering the entire adjustment range.

[0125] During calibration, the fan will be operated stably at each set of combination points in sequence. After the speed and air pressure have completely stabilized (fluctuation less than 5%), air pressure data will be collected. The point is calculated. Store in a two-dimensional lookup table. After the range hood is installed in the user's home, during actual operation, it only needs to be based on the current actual... Interpolate from a pre-built lookup table to obtain .

[0126] Based on this, we can obtain from Formula 18: (Equation 23). According to Equation 23, and based on pre-established different steady-state operating points ( , ) and matching wind pressure A two-dimensional table is used to obtain the current aerodynamic gain coefficient through bilinear interpolation. .

[0127] In the early stage of the range hood's operation, according to formula 17, and the steady-state value of the motor's step response after a step voltage is applied, Calculate the total damping coefficient of the fan. : (Formula 24). Wherein... The step voltage applied to the motor. Steady-state value of the step response. The steady-state speed is the final speed at which the motor speed stabilizes and no longer changes after a step voltage is applied. It can be determined that the system has reached steady state when the speed remains within this stable range for multiple consecutive sampling cycles. For example, over 10 consecutive control cycles, each lasting several hundred milliseconds, the average of all sampled speeds within this range is the steady-state value. ‎.

[0128] During the operation of the range hood, the phase current and bus voltage of the motor in the fan are collected in real time. The actual rotational speed of the fan impeller is detected in real time based on an encoder on the motor shaft, and the vibration acceleration of the entire machine in the X, Y, and Z directions is detected based on a vibration acceleration sensor installed on the fan casing. Simultaneously, the oil fume concentration sensor detects the oil fume concentration data within the smoke baffle in real time, and a micro-differential pressure sensor located near the common flue inlet detects the static pressure at the range hood outlet. The data obtained from these detections can be used to calculate the aforementioned aerodynamic gain coefficient. Total damping coefficient The online calculations are also used for the intelligent control of the range hood described below.

[0129] In step S2 above, the vibration adaptive control method involves superimposing the output data of the feedforward control model and the velocity loop PID control law, and then controlling the fan based on the electromechanical coupling mathematical model. The controlled object of this vibration adaptive control method is the motor in the fan, representing a control strategy for the lowest-level execution stage of the range hood.

[0130] Range hoods often experience vibration and noise issues during start-up and shutdown due to significant changes in motor speed. Therefore, the vibration adaptive control method in this embodiment is primarily applied to the start-up and shutdown phases of the range hood, but it is also applicable to any operating period. The specific vibration adaptive control of the range hood using the vibration adaptive control method is as follows.

[0131] The feedforward control model in this embodiment is: (Formula 3). Ignoring armature inductance, Formula 3 can be derived by inverse modeling from Formulas 11, 13, and 15.

[0132] In formula 3, This refers to the feedforward voltage control quantity output by the feedforward control model. This refers to the armature resistance of the motor in the fan. Let be the torque constant of the motor in the fan. The total moment of inertia of the fan. This is the total damping coefficient of the motor in the fan. Let be the back electromotive force constant of the motor in the fan.

[0133] To achieve the S-curve speed planned for the motor, For the corresponding acceleration, .

[0134] The speed loop PID control law is a discrete closed-loop control algorithm that generates a control output (such as PWM duty cycle) based on the error between the target speed and the actual speed through the proportional (P), integral (I), and derivative (D) terms. It is used to quickly stabilize the speed of a motor or actuator. In this embodiment, the speed loop PID control law is: (Formula 4).

[0135] In formula 4, The proportional gain of the speed loop PID control law. The integral gain of the speed loop PID control law. The derivative gain of the speed loop PID control law, This refers to the speed error of the motor in the fan. ,in This represents the actual speed of the motor.

[0136] When controlling the operation of a fan based on a vibration adaptive control method, the feedforward current is first calculated. and feedback current .

[0137] (Formula 5), ​​substitute into Formula 3. We can obtain: .

[0138] Substituting (Formula 6) into Formula 4, we get: .

[0139] Then calculate and obtain the total current used to control the motor. , Based on total current Control the motor to achieve adaptive vibration control of the fan.

[0140] During the vibration adaptive control of the range hood, a vibration acceleration sensor on the fan casing is used to detect the fan's vibration acceleration data in real time. Vibration acceleration data With vibration acceleration threshold Compare, if Then adjust the differential gain in the speed loop PID control law as follows: . (Formula 7), where, The adaptive adjustment coefficient is set. Differential gain. Its function is to suppress rotational speed oscillations and overshoot, and to suppress vibrations in the damping system. When the vibration acceleration... Exceeding the threshold indicates that the current system oscillation is larger than expected, the original differential gain is insufficient, and the damping is inadequate. Adaptively increase the differential gain. Subsequently, the differential term has a stronger suppressive effect on speed error changes and can attenuate speed fluctuations more quickly. Reduced speed fluctuations suppress torque pulsation, fundamentally reducing the torque input that excites the mechanical structure's vibration, ultimately decreasing vibration acceleration. It will come down.

[0141] A combined control strategy employing a feedforward control model and a speed-loop PID control law enables smooth motor start-up and shutdown, and active vibration reduction control during fan start-up, shutdown, and operation. The feedforward control model performs feedforward compensation; when the target speed undergoes a step change, it calculates the ideal torque feedforward required to track the speed curve based on the identified system moment of inertia and directly converts it into the feedforward portion of the current command. This allows the motor to quickly generate the required acceleration or deceleration torque, reducing speed overshoot and oscillations caused by torque lag. The PID feedback regulation based on the speed-loop PID control law uses the deviation between the target speed and the actual speed as input. Its output is superimposed with the aforementioned feedforward quantity to form the total current command. This current command generates a PWM wave through the drive circuit to control motor operation. By properly tuning the PID parameters, speed fluctuations can be effectively suppressed, thereby reducing mechanical vibrations caused by torque pulsation at the source.

[0142] In step S2 above, the constant wind pressure adaptive control method is as follows: based on the output data of the wind pressure loop control law, the fan is controlled on the basis of the electromechanical coupling mathematical model. The control objective of this constant wind pressure adaptive control method is wind pressure, which is the upper-level control strategy of the range hood.

[0143] In this embodiment, the wind pressure loop control law is: (Formula 8). Wherein, For wind pressure error, , The target desired air pressure is the static pressure at the air outlet that the user sets or the range hood system is required to maintain in constant air pressure control. The actual measured wind pressure at the current moment is the real-time static pressure at the air outlet, which is actually collected by the wind pressure sensor at the current moment t. It is the proportional gain of the wind pressure loop control law. It is the integral gain of the wind pressure loop control law. This is the differential gain of the wind pressure loop control law. The motor speed control data is based on the output of the wind pressure loop control law. Based on the electromechanical coupling mathematical model, the fan is controlled, thereby realizing the adaptive control of the range hood's air pressure.

[0144] As mentioned earlier, in this embodiment, the aerodynamic gain coefficient This is based on estimations of the range hood's operating data. To ensure constant loop gain, during the adaptive wind pressure control of the range hood, the aerodynamic gain is estimated in real time. Adjust the proportional gain and integral gain coefficients of the wind pressure loop control law. , .in This is the reference proportional gain for the wind pressure loop control law. ; This is the reference integral gain of the wind pressure loop control law. ; This refers to the bandwidth of the wind pressure ring of the fan. The damping ratio of the fan. This represents the total gain of the wind turbine system.

[0145] Furthermore, when using the wind pressure loop control law for adaptive wind pressure control of the range hood, anti-integral saturation control is implemented on the integral term in the wind pressure loop control law. Anti-integral saturation: To prevent integral saturation due to excessively large integral terms when the wind pressure fails to reach the target value for an extended period, a conditional integral mechanism is designed. When the error remains excessively large or the motor output reaches its limit, the integral action is paused, and resumed only after the system returns to the normal adjustment range, thereby improving control safety.

[0146] Specifically, monitor the points items Anti-integral saturation control is triggered when the following conditions are met: ,in When the anti-integral saturation mechanism is triggered, the core logic of the control is to "freeze" or "limit" the accumulation of the integral term to prevent it from increasing indefinitely and causing the system to go out of control.

[0147] In this embodiment, wind pressure control is used as the main control loop, and its output is the main fan speed command. It also performs coordinated control of the guide vane and uses the guide vane angle control as a driven loop to serve the main loop.

[0148] When the main circuit needs to change the fan speed due to wind pressure regulation, it not only sends a speed command but also simultaneously calculates a feedforward compensation amount for the guide vane angle. This compensation amount is the change in airflow direction and static pressure distribution caused by the speed change. This feedforward amount is superimposed on the guide vane's base angle, allowing the guide vane to move in advance to counteract the airflow disturbance caused by the speed change, rather than waiting for the disturbance to occur before feedback correction. This "feedforward + feedback" synergistic mechanism significantly reduces wind pressure fluctuations and airflow noise during speed regulation.

[0149] That is, when the range hood is working, in addition to controlling the fan, when the fan speed changes, the guide plate angle is controlled by controlling the action of the guide plate based on the guide plate angle decoupling model.

[0150] Specifically, in this embodiment, the guide vane angle feedforward compensator is: (Formula 1). Wherein, This is the feedforward compensation amount for the guide vane angle. This represents the actual rotational speed of the motor rotor in the fan. The actual rotational speed of the motor rotor relative to the motor's reference operating point The increment, The coefficients of the first-order terms, These are the coefficients of the second-order terms.

[0151] The angle loop control law is: (Formula 2).

[0152] in, The output value is the control value for the deflector driver; For the angle loop proportional gain, For the angle loop integral gain, For the angle ring differential gain, For angle tracking error, , For the target angle of the deflector, , The base angle of the guide vane is preset and related to the motor speed. This refers to the actual angle of the air deflector.

[0153] This guide vane angle control method, along with the aforementioned vibration adaptive control method and constant air pressure adaptive control method, is a cross-loop coordinated control. Whenever the fan speed changes, this guide vane angle control method takes effect. This decouples the airflow and guide vane angle in the multi-variable system control of the range hood.

[0154] The range hood in this embodiment has two operating modes: a normal operating mode and a high-pressure stir-fry mode. In normal mode, when the oil fume concentration is stable and below a preset threshold, the system operates in normal mode. At this time, the control objective is primarily low-noise operation and maintaining basic air pressure, and the PID controller uses a set of relatively gentle parameters. In high-pressure stir-fry mode, when the oil fume concentration rises sharply in a short period (i.e., the rate of change exceeds a high threshold), the controller determines that the user is performing a high-pressure stir-fry operation and immediately switches to high-pressure stir-fry mode. In this mode, the system operates at or near maximum airflow, and the air pressure loop PID controller switches to a set of gain parameters with a faster response to ensure that the large amount of oil fume generated instantaneously is quickly absorbed. The mode switching process includes an anti-shake delay to prevent false triggering due to momentary sensor interference.

[0155] Based on this, the range hood in this embodiment monitors the concentration of cooking fumes in real time during operation. And calculate the rate of change in oil fume concentration. .like continued Then, control the range hood to switch to the stir-fry mode. If continued If so, the range hood will return to its normal operating mode.

[0156] in The maximum threshold for the rate of change in oil fume concentration. The minimum threshold for the rate of change in oil fume concentration. , This is the set time threshold.

[0157] When the range hood is operating in the stir-fry mode, adjust the proportional gain of the wind pressure loop control law. =a , =b , =c Where a > 1, b > 1, c > 1, and a, b, and c are the set adjustment coefficients.

[0158] The intelligent control method for the range hood in this invention achieves coordinated control of the motor speed in the fan through a feedforward control model and a speed loop PID control law. Based on the feedforward control model, the ideal torque feedforward required to track the speed curve is calculated and directly converted into the feedforward part of the motor control parameters. This enables the motor to quickly generate the required acceleration or deceleration torque, reducing speed overshoot and oscillations caused by torque lag, thus facilitating active vibration reduction. Simultaneously, the speed loop PID control law effectively suppresses speed fluctuations, reducing mechanical vibrations caused by torque pulsation at the source. This composite control strategy combining the feedforward control model and the speed loop PID control law achieves smooth motor start-stop, significantly reducing vibration and noise during motor start-stop processes.

[0159] The control target based on the wind pressure loop control law is wind pressure, which makes the dynamic performance of the range hood remain basically consistent under different speeds and different baffle openings, realizing constant wind pressure adaptive control, and can counteract the impact of changes in the resistance of the public flue on the smoke extraction effect.

[0160] This embodiment also relates to a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program / instruction thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned intelligent control method for a range hood.

[0161] This invention also relates to a range hood, which includes a body with a baffle plate. The body houses a fan, a control circuit board, and a drive mechanism for opening and closing the baffle plate. The body also includes various operating condition sensors for detecting fan vibration acceleration, operating current, and temperature; an oil fume concentration sensor for detecting oil fume concentration; and a micro-differential pressure sensor for detecting the static pressure at the range hood outlet at the common flue inlet. All operating condition sensors, oil fume concentration sensor, micro-differential pressure sensor, fan, and drive mechanism are electrically connected to the control circuit board. The control circuit board controls the range hood to operate according to an intelligent control method. In this embodiment, the range hood exhibits minimal fan start-stop impact, high air pressure control accuracy, and high adaptability to operating parameters.

[0162] The specification and claims of this invention use terms indicating direction, such as "front," "rear," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "side," "top," and "bottom," to describe various exemplary structural parts and elements of the invention. However, these terms are used herein merely for ease of explanation and are determined based on the exemplary orientations shown in the accompanying drawings. Since the embodiments disclosed in this invention can be arranged in different orientations, these terms indicating direction are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limitations. For example, "upper" and "lower" are not necessarily limited to directions opposite to or consistent with the direction of gravity.

[0163] The term "fluid connectivity" as used in this invention refers to the spatial relationship between two components or parts (hereinafter referred to as the first part and the second part, respectively), that is, a fluid (gas, liquid, or a mixture of both) can flow from the first part along a flow path and / or be transported to the second part. This can be a direct connection between the first part and the second part, or an indirect connection between the first part and the second part through at least one third party. This third party can be a fluid channel such as a pipe, channel, conduit, guide, hole, or groove, or a chamber or combination thereof that allows fluid to flow through.

Claims

1. A smart control method for a range hood, characterized in that: Including steps S1. Initialize the electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the range hood's fan system, from the fan control voltage to the output air pressure; Initialize a vibration reduction control model for implementing adaptive vibration reduction control. The vibration reduction control model includes a feedforward control model characterizing the relationship between the feedforward voltage control quantity of the wind turbine and the planned S-curve speed, and a speed loop PID control law characterizing the relationship between the feedback voltage control quantity of the wind turbine and the wind turbine speed error. Initialize a gain scheduling control model for implementing constant wind pressure adaptive control, the gain scheduling control model including a wind pressure loop control law that plans the relationship between the S-curve rotational speed and the wind pressure difference; S2. When the range hood is working, it performs vibration adaptive control and constant wind pressure adaptive control based on the real-time operating data of the range hood obtained by detection. The vibration adaptive control method is as follows: superimpose the output data of the feedforward control model and the velocity loop PID control law, and perform fan control based on the electromechanical coupling mathematical model; The constant wind pressure adaptive control method is as follows: based on the output data of the wind pressure loop control law, the wind turbine is controlled on the basis of the electromechanical coupling mathematical model.

2. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a decoupling model for the guide vane angle is also initialized to realize the control of the guide vane angle in the range hood. The decoupling model includes a guide vane angle feedforward compensator that characterizes the relationship between the guide vane angle feedforward compensation amount and the fan speed increment, and an angle loop control law for the guide vane angle adjustment control. When the range hood is working, in addition to controlling the fan, when the fan speed changes, the guide plate angle is controlled by controlling the movement of the guide plate based on the guide plate angle decoupling model.

3. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide vane angle feedforward compensator is: (Formula 1); in, This is the feedforward compensation amount for the guide vane angle. This refers to the actual rotational speed of the motor rotor in the fan. The actual rotational speed of the motor rotor relative to the motor's reference operating point The increment, The coefficients of the first-order terms, These are the coefficients of the second-order terms; The angle loop control law is as follows: (Formula 2); in, The output value is the control value for the deflector driver; For the angle loop proportional gain, For the angle loop integral gain, For the angle ring differential gain, For angle tracking error, , For the target angle of the deflector, , The base angle of the guide vane is preset and related to the motor speed. This refers to the actual angle of the air deflector.

4. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The feedforward control model is as follows: (Formula 3); in, This refers to the feedforward voltage control quantity output by the feedforward control model. This refers to the armature resistance of the motor in the fan. Let be the torque constant of the motor in the fan. The total moment of inertia of the fan. This is the total damping coefficient of the motor in the fan. Let be the back electromotive force constant of the motor in the fan; To achieve the S-curve speed planned for the motor, For the corresponding acceleration, ; The speed loop PID control law is: (Formula 4); in The proportional gain of the speed loop PID control law. The integral gain of the speed loop PID control law. The derivative gain of the speed loop PID control law, This refers to the speed error of the motor in the fan. ,in This refers to the actual speed of the motor; When controlling the operation of a wind turbine using a vibration adaptive control method, the feedforward current is first calculated. and feedback current ; (Official 5); (Official 6); Then calculate and obtain the total current used to control the motor. , Based on total current Control the motor to achieve adaptive vibration control of the fan.

5. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the vibration adaptive control of the range hood, a vibration acceleration sensor on the fan casing is used to detect the fan's vibration acceleration data in real time. Vibration acceleration data With vibration acceleration threshold Compare, if Then adjust the differential gain in the speed loop PID control law as follows: ; (Official 7); in, The adaptive adjustment coefficient is set.

6. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The wind pressure loop control law is as follows: (Formula 8); in, For wind pressure error, , The target desired air pressure is the static pressure at the air outlet that the user sets or the range hood system is required to maintain in constant air pressure control. The actual measured wind pressure at the current moment is the real-time static pressure at the air outlet, which is actually collected by the wind pressure sensor at the current moment t. It is the proportional gain of the wind pressure loop control law. It is the integral gain of the wind pressure loop control law. It is the differential gain of the wind pressure loop control law. Motor speed control data based on the output of the wind pressure loop control law Based on the electromechanical coupling mathematical model, the fan is controlled, thereby realizing the adaptive control of the range hood's air pressure.

7. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the adaptive control of the range hood's air pressure, the aerodynamic gain is estimated in real time. Adjust the proportional gain and integral gain coefficients of the wind pressure loop control law. , ; in This is the reference proportional gain for the wind pressure loop control law. ; This is the reference integral gain of the wind pressure loop control law. ; This refers to the bandwidth of the wind pressure ring of the fan. The damping ratio of the fan. This represents the total gain of the wind turbine system.

8. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to claim 6, characterized in that: When using the wind pressure loop control law for adaptive wind pressure control of a range hood, anti-integral saturation control is applied to the integral term in the wind pressure loop control law.

9. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to claim 6, characterized in that: The range hood monitors the concentration of cooking fumes in real time during operation. And calculate the rate of change in oil fume concentration. ; like continued Then, control the range hood to switch to the stir-fry mode; like continued If so, the range hood will return to its normal operating mode; in The maximum threshold for the rate of change in oil fume concentration. The minimum threshold for the rate of change in oil fume concentration. , The set time threshold; When the range hood is operating in the stir-fry mode, adjust the proportional gain of the wind pressure loop control law. =a , =b , =c Where a > 1, b > 1, c > 1, and a, b, and c are the set adjustment coefficients.

10. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the wind turbine system is a dynamic model from the motor control voltage in the wind turbine to the output wind pressure of the wind turbine. ; (Formula 9); in, This refers to the output air pressure of the fan. Where K is the control voltage of the wind turbine, and K is the electromechanical coupling mathematical model. Total gain Let be the mechanical time constant, and s be the complex frequency variable.

11. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to claim 10, characterized in that: The electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the wind turbine system includes an electrical subsystem model, a mechanical subsystem model, and a pneumatic subsystem model connected in series. In the electrical subsystem model, the voltage balance equation of the motor is expressed in the complex frequency domain as: (Formula 10); in, This is the armature voltage of the motor in the fan, corresponding to the equivalent voltage of the PWM duty cycle conversion; This refers to the armature current of the motor in the fan. This refers to the armature resistance of the motor in the fan. This refers to the armature inductance of the motor in the fan. Let be the back electromotive force constant of the motor in the fan. ω represents the rotor angular velocity of the motor in the fan; s is the complex frequency variable; Ignoring the influence of inductance in the motor, Formula 10 simplifies to: (Formula 11); The electromagnetic torque equation of the motor is: (Formula 12); in The electromagnetic torque of the motor. Let be the torque constant of the motor. ; In the mechanical subsystem model, the equation of motion for the motor rotor in the wind turbine is: (Formula 13); in, This is the total moment of inertia of the rotor and impeller in the fan. Let be the mechanical viscous damping coefficient of the fan. This refers to the aerodynamic load torque of the fan. pneumatic load torque At the wind turbine operating point The neighborhood linearization is as follows: (Formula 14); Where D is the aerodynamic load damping coefficient. , This is the load factor; Combining the aforementioned calculation formulas 11 to 14, we can obtain: (Formula 15); The total damping coefficient of the fan (Formula 16); The transfer function of fan speed with respect to voltage is: (Formula 17); In the aerodynamic subsystem model, the relationship between the fan output pressure P and the rotational speed ω is linearized near the operating point as follows: (Formula 18); in The aerodynamic gain coefficient is the fan speed. and the angle of the deflector The function; (Official 19); in, This is the reference value for aerodynamic gain at the operating point. The rotor speed at the operating point of the fan. The angle of the guide vane at the working point. , To calculate the coefficients; According to formulas 17 and 18, the open-loop transfer function of the range hood's fan system is given by formula 9: (Official 9) in The mechanical time constant, ; The total gain of the corresponding wind turbine system is: (Formula 20).

12. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to claim 11, characterized in that: The total moment of inertia of the rotor and impeller in the fan The method for obtaining this information is to set up an no-load acceleration test of the wind turbine and apply a step voltage. Record the speed response Then, the rotational speed response curve is obtained by fitting: (Official 21); Obtain the mechanical time constant from the speed response curve. Combined with what is already known , , ,Depend on and When unloaded, D≈0, thus obtaining: (Official 22).

13. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to claim 11, characterized in that: In the early stages of range hood operation, the steady-state operating point of the fan is obtained based on detection. , wind pressure Estimate the aerodynamic gain coefficient ; From Formula 18, we can obtain: (Formula 23); According to Formula 23, and based on pre-established different steady-state operating points ( , ) and matching wind pressure A two-dimensional table is used to obtain the current aerodynamic gain coefficient through bilinear interpolation. .

14. The intelligent control method for a range hood according to claim 11, characterized in that: In the early stage of the range hood's operation, according to formula 17, and the steady-state value of the motor's step response after a step voltage is applied, Calculate the total damping coefficient of the fan. : (Official 24); in This refers to the step voltage applied to the motor.

15. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instructions stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the intelligent control method of the range hood according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. A range hood, characterized in that: The intelligent control method for the range hood according to any one of claims 1 to 14 is applied.

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