A spacecraft solar array power regulation system

Abstract

The application provides a spacecraft solar panel power regulation system and relates to the technical field of spacecraft power supply.The system comprises a detection module for acquiring telemetry data of a photovoltaic array; a calculation module for determining target control parameters of power control according to the telemetry data and generating remote control instructions according to the target control parameters; a power supply lower computer module for acquiring the global energy state of a spacecraft solar panel; determining target working modes of power control according to the global energy state in combination with the telemetry data and generating mode instructions according to the target working modes; an MPPT master control module for adjusting control parameters of power control or switching working modes of power control according to the remote control instructions or the mode instructions; and performing power control according to the telemetry data of the photovoltaic array based on the working modes and the control parameters. The application improves the management effect of the power of the spacecraft solar panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spacecraft power technology, and more specifically, to a spacecraft solar panel power regulation system. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of spacecraft solar panels in orbit, dynamic shadows frequently appear on the surface of the solar panels due to factors such as the space station module, antennas, other spacecraft components, and changes in the angle of sunlight. This results in some solar cells being shaded, causing power loss. To improve the power utilization efficiency of the solar panels, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is now widely used in spacecraft power systems.

[0003] In related technologies, MPPT technology typically adopts a centralized or cascaded architecture. When dynamic shading causes local solar cells to be blocked, low-current components in the architecture will limit the output of the entire solar string, resulting in a serious waste of the power generation capacity of the components in the high-sunlight area. In addition, the control algorithms and parameters of traditional MPPT technology are difficult to change after the spacecraft is launched into orbit, making it difficult for existing MPPT technology to achieve accurate power control, on-orbit algorithm reconfiguration, and fault management. Therefore, it has poor adaptability to the management of spacecraft solar panel power. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem addressed by this invention is how to improve the management of solar panel power in spacecraft.

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides a spacecraft solar panel power regulation system.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a spacecraft solar panel power regulation system, comprising: a detection module, a calculation module, a power supply slave module, and an MPPT main control module; the detection module, the calculation module, and the power supply slave module are wirelessly connected to the MPPT main control module, and the MPPT main control module is connected to the photovoltaic array of the spacecraft solar panel; The detection module is used to acquire telemetry data of the photovoltaic array; The calculation module is used to determine the target control parameters for power control based on the telemetry data, and to generate remote control commands based on the target control parameters. The power supply lower-level module is used to acquire the global energy status of the spacecraft's solar panels; based on the global energy status and the telemetry data, it determines the target operating mode for power control and generates mode commands based on the target operating mode. The MPPT main control module is used to adjust the control parameters of the power control or switch the working mode of the power control according to the remote control command or the mode command; and to perform power control based on the working mode and control parameters and the telemetry data of the photovoltaic array.

[0007] Optionally, the detection module is specifically used for; The solar panel output information and cell detection information of the spacecraft are acquired, and the solar panel output information and cell detection information are used as telemetry data of the photovoltaic array.

[0008] Optionally, the detection module is specifically used for: The bus output voltage is obtained by sampling the voltage through a resistor voltage divider circuit; The output current of the solar panel is obtained by sampling the current through a voltage amplification circuit. The bus output voltage and the solar panel output current are used as the solar panel output information; The status signal of each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array is obtained through the cell detection circuit, and the status signal includes a high-level signal or a low-level signal; The detection information of the battery cell is determined based on the status signal.

[0009] Optionally, the computing module is specifically used for: Based on the output information of the solar panel and the detection information of the battery cells, the duty cycle parameters and differential power processing parameters of the maximum power point tracking control are determined by a preset processing algorithm. The duty cycle parameter and the differential power processing parameter are used as the target control parameters; The remote control command is generated based on the target control parameters.

[0010] Optionally, the power supply lower-level module is specifically used for: Battery status monitoring data of the spacecraft's solar panels are acquired via wireless communication; The global energy state is determined based on the battery status monitoring data; Based on the global energy status of the spacecraft's solar panels and the telemetry data, the target operating mode is determined. Generate mode instructions based on the target operating mode; The target operating mode is any one of the following modes: local power tracking mode, remote power tracking mode, peak power tracking mode, constant voltage limiting mode, and fault protection mode.

[0011] Optionally, the power supply lower-level module is specifically used for: Based on the telemetry data, determine whether any abnormality has occurred during the power control process; When an abnormality occurs in the power control process, a bypass switching command is generated; The bypass switching instruction is used as the mode instruction.

[0012] Optionally, the MPPT main control module includes a control submodule, a bus processing submodule, and a differential power processing submodule; The control submodule is used to generate a first drive signal and a second drive signal based on the telemetry data, the control parameters, and the operating mode. The differential power processing submodule is used to perform differential power adjustment on the adjacent photovoltaic modules according to the first driving signal; The bus processing submodule is used to perform bus voltage conversion according to the second drive signal.

[0013] Optionally, the control submodule is specifically used for: Based on the output current of the solar panel, determine whether differential power processing is required; If so, the first driving signal is generated based on the differential power processing parameters; If not, then based on the duty cycle parameter, the control parameter, and the operating mode, the second drive signal is generated according to the bus output voltage.

[0014] Optionally, the differential power processing submodule is specifically used for: The switching devices of the differential processing circuit are controlled to perform switching actions according to the first driving signal, and power compensation is performed on adjacent photovoltaic modules that do not meet the preset current balance conditions.

[0015] Optionally, the busbar processing submodule is specifically used for: The second drive signal controls the switching transistor of the bus voltage regulator to turn on or off, converting the output voltage of the photovoltaic array into the bus voltage.

[0016] The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system of the present invention constructs a four-level hierarchical architecture consisting of a detection module, a calculation module, a power supply lower-level machine module, and an MPPT main control module, and establishes wireless communication links between them. First, the detection module independently acquires telemetry data from the photovoltaic array. Based on this, the calculation module determines the target control parameters and generates remote control commands, enabling complex intelligent algorithms to be deployed on-orbit and dynamically adjust the control strategy. Simultaneously, the power supply lower-level module determines the target operating mode and generates mode commands based on the global energy status and telemetry data, allowing power control to balance local optimization and overall satellite energy balance. Next, the MPPT master control module adjusts control parameters or switches operating modes based on received remote control commands or mode commands, achieving on-orbit reconfiguration of the control strategy and adaptive switching between multiple modes, avoiding the risk of failure of a single control mode under complex shading conditions. Finally, the MPPT master control module executes power control based on the current operating mode and control parameters, combined with telemetry data. This effectively overcomes the power waste problem caused by component mismatch in traditional centralized MPPTs, achieving closed-loop power management and improving the power utilization efficiency, control flexibility, and system reliability of spacecraft solar panels under dynamic shading conditions, thereby improving the power management effect of spacecraft solar panels. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage amplifier circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a buck-boost topology according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the differential processing and cell detection circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bypass switching circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be understood that the various steps described in the method embodiments of the present invention may be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. Furthermore, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.

[0020] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "at least partially based on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; and the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first," "second," etc., mentioned in this invention are used only to distinguish different devices, modules, or units, and are not intended to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules, or units or their interdependencies.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0022] Combination Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spacecraft solar panel power regulation system, including: a detection module, a calculation module, a power supply slave module, and an MPPT main control module; the detection module, the calculation module, and the power supply slave module are wirelessly connected to the MPPT main control module, and the MPPT main control module is connected to the photovoltaic array of the spacecraft solar panel.

[0023] Specifically, in combination Figure 2As shown, the computing module, power supply lower-level machine module, and MPPT main control module are deployed separately. The computing module and power supply lower-level machine module communicate with the MPPT main control module's wireless communication submodule via their respective wireless communication submodules. The MPPT main control module is directly connected to the photovoltaic array, facilitating bus voltage regulation and Differential Power Processing (DPP) driving, thereby achieving power control. Specifically, the MPPT main control module communicates with all DPP controllers in the photovoltaic array. This arrangement physically decouples the three functional levels—top-level decision-making (computing module), global scheduling (power supply lower-level machine module), and bottom-level execution (MPPT main control module)—avoiding the resource contention and single-point failure risks caused by the high concentration of control, management, and execution functions in a single node in traditional solutions. It is also worth noting that wireless communication is the preferred method; wired connections can be used for backup between the detection module, computing module, power supply lower-level machine module, and MPPT main control module.

[0024] The detection module is used to acquire telemetry data from the photovoltaic array.

[0025] Specifically, the detection module acquires telemetry data from the photovoltaic array, thereby establishing a perception capability for the real-time operating status of the photovoltaic array. The calculation module and the power supply lower-level module can then use this data to determine the power output level and component health, thus avoiding blind adjustments in the event of missing or delayed information, and ensuring the real-time and accurate information upon which the control system is based.

[0026] The calculation module is used to determine the target control parameters for power control based on the telemetry data, and to generate remote control commands based on the target control parameters.

[0027] Specifically, the computing module determines the target control parameters for power control based on telemetry data and generates remote control commands. It transforms the collected telemetry data into specific control strategies, calculates control parameters for the current operating condition (such as duty cycle and differential processing threshold) by running preset or intelligent algorithms, and thus generates executable remote commands. The flexible deployment of complex algorithms within the computing module solves the problem of post-orbit modification, fully utilizing the module's processing power to dynamically respond to power changes in the photovoltaic array, ensuring that power tracking can adapt to complex and variable on-orbit illumination conditions. Combined with… Figure 2 As shown, the instruction calculation and generation of the computing module can be implemented through the onboard computer.

[0028] The power supply lower-level module is used to acquire the global energy status of the spacecraft's solar panels; based on the global energy status and the telemetry data, it determines the target operating mode for power control and generates mode commands based on the target operating mode.

[0029] Specifically, the power supply lower-level module acquires the global energy status of the spacecraft's solar panels, determines the target operating mode based on the global energy status and telemetry data, and generates mode commands. From a macroscopic perspective of overall satellite energy management, the power supply lower-level module comprehensively considers global factors such as solar panel power generation capacity, battery state of charge, and bus load requirements to determine the most suitable operating mode, such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT), constant voltage limiting, or fault protection. Its purpose is to prevent the MPPT master control module from focusing solely on local power optimization while neglecting overall satellite energy balance. By using mode commands to achieve macroscopic scheduling, it ensures that power regulation meets both local power generation efficiency and the safety and stability requirements of the overall satellite energy system, thereby reconciling potential conflicts between local optimization and global management.

[0030] The MPPT main control module is used to adjust the control parameters of the power control or switch the working mode of the power control according to the remote control command or the mode command; and to perform power control based on the working mode and control parameters and the telemetry data of the photovoltaic array.

[0031] Specifically, the MPPT master control module adjusts control parameters or switches operating modes based on remote control commands or mode commands. Based on the current operating mode and control parameters, it performs power control according to telemetry data. This translates upper-level control commands and mode decisions into concrete power adjustment actions, achieving component-level power tracking and mismatch compensation. It overcomes the power waste caused by component obstruction or aging in traditional centralized control, ensuring that control parameters and operating modes adapt to the array's actual output characteristics in real time through closed-loop execution, ultimately achieving efficient, reliable, and adaptive power management.

[0032] The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system of the present invention constructs a four-level hierarchical architecture consisting of a detection module, a calculation module, a power supply lower-level machine module, and an MPPT main control module, and establishes wireless communication links between them. First, the detection module independently acquires telemetry data from the photovoltaic array. Based on this, the calculation module determines the target control parameters and generates remote control commands, enabling complex intelligent algorithms to be deployed on-orbit and dynamically adjust the control strategy. Simultaneously, the power supply lower-level module determines the target operating mode and generates mode commands based on the global energy status and telemetry data, allowing power control to balance local optimization and overall satellite energy balance. Next, the MPPT master control module adjusts control parameters or switches operating modes based on received remote control commands or mode commands, achieving on-orbit reconfiguration of the control strategy and adaptive switching between multiple modes, avoiding the risk of failure of a single control mode under complex shading conditions. Finally, the MPPT master control module executes power control based on the current operating mode and control parameters, combined with telemetry data. This effectively overcomes the power waste problem caused by component mismatch in traditional centralized MPPTs, achieving closed-loop power management and improving the power utilization efficiency, control flexibility, and system reliability of spacecraft solar panels under dynamic shading conditions, thereby improving the power management effect of spacecraft solar panels.

[0033] Optionally, the detection module is specifically used for; The solar panel output information and cell detection information of the spacecraft are acquired, and the solar panel output information and cell detection information are used as telemetry data of the photovoltaic array.

[0034] Specifically, the detection module acquires the solar panel output information of the spacecraft's solar panels and the cell detection information of each photovoltaic module, and uses the acquired solar panel output information and cell detection information as telemetry data for the photovoltaic array. The solar panel output information includes the bus output voltage and solar panel output current of the photovoltaic array, while the cell detection information is provided by the detection circuits located at each stage of the photovoltaic module. The detection module integrates the above-mentioned solar panel output information and cell detection information to form a telemetry dataset containing the overall electrical parameters of the photovoltaic array and the individual status information of each component. On the one hand, this dataset is used by the local control algorithm (such as the perturbation and observation method) inside the MPPT main control module when performing maximum power point tracking control. On the other hand, it is transmitted to the computing module and the power supply lower-level computer module through the first wireless communication submodule, enabling the upper-level module to monitor the overall power generation capacity of the photovoltaic array and the individual health status of each photovoltaic module in real time, providing data support for the deployment of remote intelligent algorithms and global energy dispatching decisions.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the detection module enables the MPPT main control module to autonomously and in real time acquire solar panel output information and cell detection information and integrate them into telemetry data. This achieves dual-dimensional self-sensing of the overall electrical parameters of the photovoltaic array and the individual working status of each component by the power regulation system, providing a comprehensive and accurate data foundation for local power point tracking control and upper-level remote decision-making.

[0036] Optionally, the detection module is specifically used for: The bus output voltage is obtained by sampling the voltage through a resistor voltage divider circuit; The output current of the solar panel is obtained by sampling the current through a voltage amplification circuit. The bus output voltage and the solar panel output current are used as the solar panel output information; The status signal of each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array is obtained through the cell detection circuit, and the status signal includes a high-level signal or a low-level signal; The detection information of the battery cell is determined based on the status signal.

[0037] Specifically, in combination Figure 2 As shown, the MPPT main control module is implemented using the ESP32 chip as its core. The resistor divider circuit consists of high-precision resistors connected in series. Its input is connected to the bus output of the photovoltaic array. The bus voltage is proportionally attenuated by the voltage divider resistors and then output to the ADC sampling channel in the detection module. The ESP32 chip acquires the attenuated analog voltage and converts it back to the actual bus output voltage value according to the voltage division ratio coefficient. The detection module includes a resistor divider circuit, a voltage amplification circuit, and a cell detection circuit. Specifically, combined with... Figure 3 As shown, the voltage amplification circuit uses the INA301 current sampling chip as its core. The INA301 chip's analog supply voltage is +5V. The input terminal of the INA301 chip is connected to the sampling resistor connected in series in the output circuit of the photovoltaic array. The actual physical flow of the current signal across the sampling resistor is shown by the black arrow. When the output current of the photovoltaic array flows through the sampling resistor, a weak voltage drop signal proportional to the current magnitude is generated across the resistor. This weak voltage drop signal is transmitted to the INA301 chip, as shown by the dashed arrow on the left. The INA301 chip amplifies the weak voltage drop signal according to a preset fixed amplification factor and outputs an analog voltage signal to the ADC sampling channel of the ESP32 chip, as shown by the dashed arrow on the right. The ESP32 chip acquires this analog voltage value and calculates the actual solar panel output current value based on the resistance value of the sampling resistor and the amplification factor of the INA301 chip. Specifically, the relationship between the solar panel output current and the analog voltage output by the INA301 is as follows: ; in, Output current to the windshield. For sampling resistor, This is the analog voltage output by the INA301 chip, which is obtained by amplifying the sampling resistor. This is the magnification factor.

[0038] The expression for the bus output voltage is: ; in, The duty cycle of the MOSFET on the buck terminal. This represents the duty cycle of the MOSFET at the boost terminal. Bus voltage This is the bus output voltage.

[0039] The cell detection information is obtained through a detection circuit consisting of an optocoupler and a bypass diode. Specifically, it combines... Figure 5 As shown, the solar cell detection circuit consists of an optocoupler and a bypass diode. When the photovoltaic cell is outputting normally, its output voltage causes the bypass diode to be in reverse cutoff. At this time, the current of the LED on the input side of the optocoupler is extremely small, and the phototransistor on the output side of the optocoupler is turned off. The sampling point V... C1 or V C2 Pulled up to +5V by the pull-up resistor, the MPPT main control module determines that the battery cell is working normally. When the battery cell's output voltage drops abnormally due to obstruction, open circuit, or short circuit, the voltage difference across the bypass diode increases to the forward conduction threshold, the bypass diode conducts, and current flows from the battery cell's output terminal through the anode to the cathode of the bypass diode, and then into the collector of the optocoupler. This forward-biasses and illuminates the LED on the input side of the optocoupler, and the phototransistor on the output side of the optocoupler conducts accordingly, and the sampling point V... C1 or V C2 When pulled down to a low level close to ground potential, the MPPT main control module can identify that the corresponding battery cell has failed or mismatched by detecting this level transition, thereby triggering the corresponding differential power processing or bypass protection action.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the detection module aggregates the solar panel output information and the solar cell detection information as telemetry data. This data serves two purposes: firstly, it is used by the local control algorithm (such as the perturbation-observation method) within the MPPT main control module for maximum power point tracking control; secondly, it is transmitted via wireless communication links to the computing module and the power supply slave module, enabling them to monitor the photovoltaic array's operating status in real time. Therefore, the detection module achieves self-sensing capability of the power regulation system at the data acquisition level.

[0041] Optionally, the computing module is specifically used for: Based on the output information of the solar panel and the detection information of the battery cells, the duty cycle parameters and differential power processing parameters of the maximum power point tracking control are determined by a preset processing algorithm. The duty cycle parameter and the differential power processing parameter are used as the target control parameters; The remote control command is generated based on the target control parameters.

[0042] Specifically, the preset processing algorithm outputs the duty cycle parameter of maximum power point tracking control and the differential power processing parameter as the target control parameter, wherein, combined with Figure 4 As shown, the duty cycle parameter is used to control the turn-on and turn-off timing of the MOS switches in the bus voltage regulator converter. The bus voltage regulator converter adopts a buck-boost topology and includes four MOS switches connected by a full-bridge driver. The duty cycle parameter specifically includes the duty cycle of the MOS transistor on the buck terminal. d 1. Duty cycle of the MOSFET at the boost terminal d 2. This duty cycle parameter determines the step-up / step-down transformation relationship between the bus output voltage and the input voltage. This can be achieved by adjusting the duty cycle. d 1 and d The value of 2 can change the amplitude of the bus voltage, thereby adjusting the operating point voltage of the photovoltaic array to approach the maximum power point voltage under the current illumination conditions.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the buck-boost ratio is defined as u: ; in, Bus voltage This refers to the bus output voltage; in the four-mode control strategy, the duty cycle parameter can be adjusted according to different ranges of the buck-boost ratio u. d 1 and d 2. As shown in Table 1 and Configure the corresponding relationships to minimize line losses during the boost, buck, or straight-through processes.

[0044] Table 1. Duty Cycles for Four Control Modes Based on Buck-Boost Ratio u

[0045] The differential power processing parameters are used to control the duty cycle of the drive signals of the two switching MOSFETs in the DPP converter. The calculation module generates remote control commands based on the above target control parameters and sends them to the MPPT master control module through the wireless communication link. This enables the MPPT master control module to perform power adjustment actions based on the precise control parameters provided by the calculation module, thereby realizing remote power tracking control based on global optimal judgment.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the output information of the solar panel and the detection information of the solar cells are comprehensively analyzed by a preset processing algorithm. Based on this, the duty cycle parameters of MPPT control and DPP processing parameters are determined and remote commands are generated. This allows the upper-level decision of the power regulation system to fully integrate the overall output characteristics of the photovoltaic array and the individual working state of each component, avoiding the problem of insufficient accuracy caused by relying on only a single dimension of data for control decision. At the same time, MPPT duty cycle control and DPP differential processing are calculated and output as two independent parameters, so that the bus voltage conversion and component-level power compensation can work together and optimize themselves. This ensures that the operating point of the entire photovoltaic array approaches the global maximum power point, and can also perform differential power compensation for locally mismatched components. This overcomes the defect of the traditional control scheme where the unified regulation strategy cannot take into account both cascade optimization and component-level optimization.

[0047] Optionally, the power supply lower-level module is specifically used for: Battery status monitoring data of the spacecraft's solar panels are acquired via wireless communication; The global energy state is determined based on the battery status monitoring data; Based on the global energy status of the spacecraft's solar panels and the telemetry data, the target operating mode is determined. Generate mode instructions based on the target operating mode; The target operating mode is any one of the following modes: local power tracking mode, remote power tracking mode, peak power tracking mode, constant voltage limiting mode, and fault protection mode.

[0048] Specifically, in combination Figure 2As shown, the power supply lower-level module acts as a node in the overall satellite energy management. It collects key telemetry parameters such as bus voltage, bus current, battery pack voltage, and battery charging / discharging current. Simultaneously, it monitors the battery's state of charge and health in real time to determine the battery status. It receives battery status monitoring data (including battery voltage, current, temperature, and charge status) from the battery management system to obtain the basic data required for the global energy status. Based on this, according to the global energy status (such as whether the battery is close to full charge, whether the bus power meets the load requirements, and whether the photovoltaic array's power generation capacity is sufficient), and combined with telemetry data (including solar panel output information and cell detection information for each photovoltaic module), it comprehensively determines which operating mode should be entered. Target operating modes include: local power point tracking (MPPT main control module independently runs the perturbation observation method for maximum power point tracking), remote power point tracking (calculation module intervenes in MPPT control via remote control commands), and peak power point tracking (when the power supply lower-level module determines that maximum power output is required based on the overall energy budget). In the specified states, MPPT control is performed by the MPPT master control module or the calculation module to ensure that the operating point is locked near the maximum power point. There are three modes: constant voltage limiting mode (when the battery is close to full charge, the power supply slave controls the MPPT master control module to exit global maximum power tracking and enter constant voltage limiting mode to prevent overcharging); and fault protection mode (when the power supply slave detects an abnormal voltage in a single battery group, it controls the MPPT master control module to reduce the charging current or shut down; or when the MPPT master control module experiences communication timeouts, algorithm crashes, or other faults, it triggers an interrupt signal to directly reset the MPPT master control module; if the reset is ineffective, it shuts down the DPP and enters bypass mode). Based on the above judgments, a mode command corresponding to the operating mode is generated and sent to the MPPT master control module through the wireless communication submodule. This allows the MPPT master control module to adjust control parameters or switch control strategies according to the specified operating mode, thereby achieving unified management of the entire satellite's energy and multi-mode adaptive operation of the power regulation system. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, to address the complexity of satellite on-orbit operation, this system adds a collaborative mechanism for special modes. Specifically, under special operating conditions such as peak power point tracking (MPPT) and battery management, the MPPT master control module can quickly switch control algorithm parameters or enter a specific power-limiting state according to the commands of the calculation module. For peak power point tracking mode, when the power supply slave module determines that it needs to enter the maximum power output state based on the overall energy budget, the MPPT master control module or the calculation module executes maximum power point tracking control, dynamically adjusting the PWM duty cycle to ensure that the photovoltaic array's operating point is always locked near the maximum power point, until the energy requirements are met, at which point the power supply slave module controls the exit from peak power point tracking mode.When the battery is nearing full charge, the power supply lower-level module controls the MPPT master control module to exit global maximum power point tracking and enter constant voltage limiting mode. This process does not require intervention from the computing module. Based on the individual battery cell voltage telemetry data provided by the power supply lower-level module, the MPPT master control module fine-tunes the maximum power point tracking output limit to prevent overcharging. If the power supply lower-level module detects an abnormal voltage in a single battery group, it controls the MPPT master control module to reduce the charging current or shut down the battery, and uploads the abnormal battery information to the computing module via the power supply lower-level module. Through this multi-mode collaborative mechanism, hierarchical collaborative control of the MPPT master control module, power supply lower-level module, and computing module is achieved under special operating conditions such as peak power point tracking, full battery protection, and battery abnormality protection. This allows the power regulation system to maximize the energy capture efficiency of the photovoltaic array while meeting the overall satellite energy budget and battery safety.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, by enabling the power supply lower-level machine module to autonomously acquire key energy parameters and battery status wirelessly and determine the global energy status based on them, and then combining the telemetry data of the photovoltaic array to make comprehensive decisions on the target working mode and generate mode commands, the power regulation system has been upgraded from simple local maximum power tracking to overall satellite energy management. This effectively coordinates the dynamic balance between photovoltaic power generation, battery energy storage and load consumption, and avoids the limitations of the MPPT main control module, which only focuses on local power capture and ignores battery safety and overall satellite energy budget.

[0050] Optionally, the power supply lower-level module is specifically used for: Based on the telemetry data, determine whether any abnormality has occurred during the power control process; When an abnormality occurs in the power control process, a bypass switching command is generated; The bypass switching instruction is used as the mode instruction.

[0051] Specifically, the power supply lower-level module determines whether an anomaly has occurred during power control based on the telemetry data uploaded by the MPPT main control module. When an anomaly occurs, it generates a bypass switching command and sends the generated bypass switching command as a mode command to the MPPT main control module. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the telemetry data relied upon by the power supply lower-level module includes the solar panel output information (bus output voltage and solar panel output current) uploaded by the MPPT main control module through the detection module and the cell detection information of each photovoltaic module (high-level or low-level signals output by the detection circuit composed of an optocoupler and a bypass diode). The cell detection information can reflect whether each photovoltaic module has mismatched or damaged, and the solar panel output information can reflect the overall power generation capacity of the photovoltaic array and the bus power supply status. The power supply slave module continuously monitors and analyzes the aforementioned telemetry data. When it detects an abnormal state such as device failure (e.g., short circuit or open circuit of a MOS switch), algorithm anomaly (MPPT algorithm of the MPPT master module running out of normal timing or calculation results exceeding reasonable range), communication interruption (e.g., prolonged unresponsiveness of the wireless communication link between the MPPT master module and the power supply slave module), or bus overvoltage in a certain MPPT channel, it determines that an abnormality has occurred in the power control process. For different types of abnormal states, the power supply slave module generates corresponding processing instructions. Furthermore, when the abnormality in the power control process disappears, a recovery instruction is generated. Combined with... Figure 6 As shown, the power supply lower-level module generates a recovery command and sends it to the external interrupt pin of the MPPT main control module via a wireless communication link or backup communication interface. This triggers the ESP32 chip of the MPPT main control module to perform a hardware reset operation, causing the ESP32 to restart and reinitialize all peripherals, PWM output channels, and communication interfaces. Simultaneously, it clears the error flag in the internal status register. Subsequently, the ESP32 reloads the local disturbance observation algorithm and resumes the normal maximum power point tracking control process. At this point, the power regulation system recovers from the fault state to MPPT mode, i.e., Figure 6The working path shown in the a.MPPT mode is as follows: the electrical energy output by the solar cell array is converted into step-up and step-down voltages by the buck-boost bus voltage conversion circuit. On the one hand, it supplies power to the entire satellite bus to meet the power demand of each load device. On the other hand, it connects to the charging circuit composed of the BQ24600 charging chip via the charging switch to charge the battery pack under constant current-constant voltage dual-loop control. When the battery pack supplies power to the outside, it feeds back electrical energy to the entire satellite bus through the discharge switch. A diode is connected in series on the discharge switch branch to prevent reverse backflow when the voltage of the entire satellite bus is higher than the battery voltage. The BQ24600 charging chip dynamically adjusts charging parameters based on the battery pack's voltage and current feedback signals. When the battery is nearing full charge, it automatically reduces the charging current until charging is complete, ensuring the battery is not damaged by overcharging during the recovery process. After issuing a recovery command, the power supply lower-level module continuously monitors the communication heartbeat signal and bus output voltage in the telemetry data. If the communication link is restored, the heartbeat signal is stable, and the bus output voltage returns to the normal range, the recovery is confirmed as successful, and the system continues to operate in MPPT mode. If the power supply lower-level module does not receive a valid heartbeat signal within the preset timeout period (e.g., continuous monitoring for 10 seconds), or if the bus output voltage detected after a reset... If the voltage remains zero or significantly deviates from the target value, or if the telemetry data after reset still shows a short circuit or open circuit in the MOS switch that cannot be resolved by software, then the reset is deemed ineffective and the current fault is an unrecoverable, permanent hardware fault. In this case, the power supply lower-level module further generates a bypass switching command. This command is sent to the ESP32 chip of the MPPT main control module via a wireless communication link. Upon receiving the command, the ESP32 chip immediately shuts down all PWM drive signals, turning off all four MOS switches in the buck-boost converter. Simultaneously, it outputs a control signal through the digital I / O port to close the bypass switch, switching the photovoltaic array's output path from MPPT mode to... Figure 6 The working path of the bypass mode (b) is as follows: In this bypass mode, the output of the solar cell array no longer undergoes buck-boost conversion and maximum power point tracking through the buck-boost converter. Instead, it is directly connected to the input of the BQ24600 charging chip through a closed bypass switch. The BQ24600 charging chip, as an independent charging management unit, continuously monitors the charging current and terminal voltage of the battery pack through its integrated dual-loop control circuit (constant current loop and constant voltage loop). Electrical energy is charged to the battery pack through the charging switch at a preset constant current value. When the terminal voltage of the battery pack rises to the preset constant voltage threshold, it automatically switches to constant voltage mode and gradually reduces the charging current until charging is terminated. In this way, even in emergency situations where the MPPT path completely fails, the battery pack can still be safely and controllably replenished with electrical energy, preventing permanent capacity loss due to over-discharge of the battery.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the power supply lower-level module sends the recovery command or bypass switching command as a mode command to the MPPT main control module through the wireless communication submodule or other communication links, so that the MPPT main control module can perform the corresponding fault recovery or bypass switching action according to the command, thereby realizing the rapid location, isolation and self-recovery of the fault when the power control is abnormal, and ensuring the continuous power supply capability of the spacecraft power system.

[0053] Optionally, the MPPT main control module includes a control submodule, a bus processing submodule, and a differential power processing submodule; The control submodule is used to generate a first drive signal and a second drive signal based on the telemetry data, the control parameters, and the operating mode. The differential power processing submodule is used to perform differential power adjustment on the adjacent photovoltaic modules according to the first driving signal; The bus processing submodule is used to perform bus voltage conversion according to the second drive signal.

[0054] Specifically, the MPPT main control module includes a control submodule, a bus processing submodule, and a differential power processing submodule. The control submodule generates a first drive signal for driving the differential power processing submodule and a second drive signal for driving the bus processing submodule based on telemetry data, target control parameters determined by the calculation module, and the target operating mode determined by the power supply lower-level module. The differential power processing submodule performs differential power adjustment on adjacent photovoltaic modules according to the first drive signal. The bus processing submodule performs bus voltage conversion according to the second drive signal. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, combined with... Figure 2 As shown, the control submodule, bus processing submodule, and differential power processing submodule are all implemented with the ESP32 chip as the core. Through power control algorithms (such as the disturbance observation method or control strategies specified by remote commands) combined with telemetry data (including solar panel output voltage, solar panel output current, and cell detection information of each photovoltaic module) and control parameters (duty cycle parameters and differential power processing parameters) and operating modes (local power tracking mode, remote power tracking mode, peak power tracking mode, constant voltage limiting mode, or fault protection mode) issued by the upper-level module, multiple PWM pulse signals with different duty cycles and frequencies are generated. One or more of these PWM pulse signals are transmitted to the differential power processing submodule as the first drive signal, and another or more of these PWM pulse signals are transmitted to the bus processing submodule as the second drive signal.

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, by setting the control submodule to generate two independent drive signals for the differential power processing submodule and the bus processing submodule respectively, the MPPT main control module can decouple and coordinate the two functional layers of cascade maximum power point tracking and module-level differential power compensation. The bus processing submodule is responsible for converting the overall output voltage of the photovoltaic array to the whole satellite bus voltage and completing cascade power tracking, while the differential power processing submodule performs differential power compensation for locally mismatched components. The two are adjusted independently without interfering with each other, which ensures that the operating point of the entire photovoltaic array is close to the global maximum power point and avoids the bottleneck effect of power reduction of the entire string due to local mismatch.

[0056] Optionally, the control submodule is specifically used for: Based on the output current of the solar panel, determine whether differential power processing is required; If so, the first driving signal is generated based on the differential power processing parameters; If not, then based on the duty cycle parameter, the control parameter, and the operating mode, the second drive signal is generated according to the bus output voltage.

[0057] Specifically, the control submodule uses the ESP32 chip as its core. First, it reads the output current values ​​of each photovoltaic module through telemetry data obtained by the detection module, calculates the range of the output current of all modules (i.e., the difference between the maximum and minimum output string current), and compares the range with a preset differential power processing trigger threshold. When the range is greater than the threshold, it is determined that there is a mismatch caused by local shading or module aging, and differential power processing is required. When the range is less than or equal to the threshold, it is determined that the output of each photovoltaic module is basically the same, and differential power processing is not required. When differential power processing is required, the control submodule extracts the differential power processing parameters (specifically, the drive duty cycle values ​​of the two switching MOSFETs in the PV-PV type DPP converter) from the remote control command issued by the calculation module. Based on the duty cycle values, the ESP32 chip's PWM peripheral generates two phase-interleaved PWM pulse signals with equal duty cycles as the first drive signals, which are output to the gates of the two switching MOSFETs in the differential power processing submodule. This controls the two switching MOSFETs to alternately turn on and off to achieve power difference transfer and compensation between adjacent photovoltaic modules. The duty cycle of the two PWM pulses directly determines the magnitude of the power compensation. When differential power processing is deemed unnecessary, the control submodule generates a second drive signal based on the duty cycle parameter, the control parameters issued by the calculation module, and the operating mode determined by the power supply lower-level module, combined with the bus output voltage (the output voltage value of the sail plate acquired through the resistor voltage divider circuit). The duty cycle of the second drive signal is not fixed. The control submodule performs closed-loop adjustment based on the control strategy specified by the operating mode (such as the disturbance observation method in local power tracking mode or the maximum power lock strategy in peak power tracking mode) combined with the real-time feedback of the bus output voltage. When the bus output voltage deviates from the target value, the duty cycle value is dynamically adjusted to make the operating point approach the maximum power point. Thus, in the case where differential power processing is not required, the bus processing submodule independently completes cascade power tracking.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, the control submodule determines whether differential power processing is required based on the range of the output current of the solar panel. It generates a first drive signal to activate the differential power processing submodule only when it is determined that differential power processing is required, and generates a second drive signal to enable the bus processing submodule to work independently when it is determined that differential power processing is not required. This realizes the on-demand activation of the differential power processing function, effectively avoids the power loss caused by the continuous switching of the differential power processing submodule when the component outputs are consistent, and improves the overall operating efficiency of the system under mismatch conditions.

[0059] Optionally, the differential power processing submodule is specifically used for: The switching devices of the differential processing circuit are controlled to perform switching actions according to the first driving signal, and power compensation is performed on adjacent photovoltaic modules that do not meet the preset current balance conditions.

[0060] Specifically, the differential power processing submodule adopts a PV-PV type differential power processing converter topology, combined with Figure 5As shown, the differential processing circuit includes an energy storage inductor L1 and two switching MOSFETs (Q1 and Q2). The isolated driver is powered by +12V, ensuring that the switching MOSFETs receive sufficient gate drive voltage to reduce on-resistance and switching losses. Under normal circumstances, the isolated driver is not working, and all current flows through the photovoltaic modules. When the cell detection circuit detects a significant mismatch between adjacent photovoltaic modules, the main control unit sends an adjustment signal to the isolated driver. Upon receiving this signal, the isolated driver adjusts the conduction timing of Q1 and Q2 (i.e., changes the duty cycle), breaking the original equilibrium state. At this time, the energy storage inductor L1 begins to periodically charge and discharge between the module with higher voltage (or higher current) and the module with lower voltage (or lower current). When Q1 is on and Q2 is off, the energy storage inductor L1 stores excess energy from the superior module; when Q1 is off and Q2 is on, the inductor L1 releases energy and provides power compensation to the inferior module, thereby increasing the total output power of the entire photovoltaic array. The preset current balance condition is determined based on a comparison between the output current range of each photovoltaic module and a preset threshold. Specifically, the control submodule first acquires the output current values ​​of each photovoltaic module in real time through the detection module and calculates the range of output currents of all modules. When this range exceeds the preset differential power processing trigger threshold, it is determined that there are adjacent photovoltaic modules in the current photovoltaic array that do not meet the preset current balance condition. Based on this determination, the differential power processing submodule, in response to the first drive signal, performs power compensation on the adjacent photovoltaic modules that do not meet the preset current balance condition. During the compensation process, the differential power processing submodule only processes the mismatch power difference between adjacent photovoltaic modules. That is, the compensation power is equal to the difference between the output current of the high-current module and the output current of the low-current module multiplied by the bus voltage, rather than replacing all the output power of the low-current module. This achieves current equalization between modules with minimal power processing, allowing the output current of each photovoltaic module to gradually approach its peak power current. The power compensation amount of the differential power processing submodule is directly determined by the duty cycle of the first drive signal. When the output current difference of each component is reduced to less than the preset threshold (i.e., the preset current balance condition is met), the control submodule stops outputting the first drive signal, and the switching device of the differential power processing submodule stops switching action and no longer performs power compensation to reduce unnecessary power loss. Thus, the power compensation function of the differential power processing submodule is dynamically started, stopped and automatically adjusted according to the mismatch state.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detection voltage corresponding to each level of photovoltaic module is first read through the telemetry data obtained by the detection module (that is, the voltage value corresponding to the level signal output by the detection circuit composed of the optocoupler and the bypass diode at each photovoltaic module after level conversion, wherein the detection voltage corresponding to the normal module is close to 0V, and the detection voltage corresponding to the mismatched module is close to the 5V supply voltage). The detection voltage of each level is compared with the preset judgment threshold (determined by the 5V supply voltage of the optocoupler, and the threshold is set to 3V). When the detection voltage corresponding to a certain photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to 3V, it is determined that the photovoltaic module of that level has a mismatch fault; when the detection voltage of a certain photovoltaic module is less than 3V, it is determined that the photovoltaic module of that level is working normally.

[0061] In this embodiment of the invention, the differential power processing submodule controls the switching devices of the differential processing circuit to perform switching actions according to the first driving signal, and performs power compensation on adjacent photovoltaic modules that do not meet the preset current balance conditions. This enables power regulation to perform directional power compensation on mismatched modules with module-level precision, and accurately transfers the excess power of high-current modules to low-current modules through inductive energy storage and release. This effectively overcomes the problem in traditional MPPT technology where the overall power of the entire photovoltaic array decreases due to the limited output current of some modules.

[0062] Optionally, the busbar processing submodule is specifically used for: The second drive signal controls the switching transistor of the bus voltage regulator to turn on or off, converting the output voltage of the photovoltaic array into the bus voltage.

[0063] Specifically, in combination Figure 4 As shown, the bus processing submodule uses a buck-boost topology buck-boost converter as the bus voltage regulator. This converter includes a full-bridge driver consisting of four N-channel MOS switches, a power inductor L, and an output filter capacitor C. o The four MOS switches constitute the upper and lower transistors of the buck circuit and the boost circuit, respectively. Their gates receive the second drive signal (i.e., four independent PWM pulse signals). The second drive signal includes four independent PWM pulse signals, which are used to drive the four MOS switches of the buck-boost converter in the bus processing submodule. The duty cycle of each pulse is adjusted. d 1. d 2. This achieves step-up / step-down conversion of the input voltage, which is then filtered by the output filter capacitor C. o The filtered output is a stable bus voltage. Among them, d 1. Control the duty cycle of the MOSFET on the buck terminal. d 2. The duty cycle of the MOSFET at the boost terminal is controlled by... d1 and d The logical complementarity relationship of 2 is determined, that is, the drive signal of the MOSFET at the buck terminal and d 1. Complementary, the drive signal of the MOSFET on the boost terminal and d 2. Complementary: The timing coordination of four PWM pulses enables the buck-boost converter to switch between boost, buck, or direct-through modes based on the buck-boost ratio u, converting the photovoltaic array's output voltage into the entire satellite bus voltage and achieving cascaded maximum power point tracking. Additionally, while performing voltage conversion, the bus processing submodule also collects the converted bus output voltage in real time via a detection module and transmits this voltage value as feedback to the control submodule. The control submodule performs closed-loop fine-tuning of the duty cycle of the second drive signal according to the control strategy specified by the operating mode (such as the disturbance observation method or constant voltage limiting strategy). When the bus output voltage deviates from the target bus voltage, the control submodule dynamically adjusts... d 1 and d 2. To correct output deviations and stabilize the bus output voltage at the target value (e.g., 12V for the entire satellite bus), thereby achieving efficient and stable conversion of photovoltaic array output power to the entire satellite bus and providing power supply conforming to voltage specifications for various load devices of the spacecraft. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, based on the output current of the solar panels, it is determined whether differential power processing is required. The detection voltage and string current corresponding to the 1st to nth level photovoltaic modules are used as inputs, and the photovoltaic module status and the suggestion for differential processing are used as outputs. The control submodule first reads the detection voltage (i.e., the voltage value corresponding to the level signal output by the detection circuit composed of optocouplers and bypass diodes at each photovoltaic module after level conversion, where the detection voltage corresponding to normal modules is close to 0V, and the detection voltage corresponding to mismatched modules is close to the 5V supply voltage), timestamp, and string current (the current total output current of the photovoltaic array collected by the INA301 current sampling chip) corresponding to the initial 1st to nth level photovoltaic modules through the detection module. Subsequently, the control submodule controls the bus buck-boost converter to regulate the current, adjusting the sail output in 1% increments within the output duty cycle range. That is, starting from the current duty cycle initial value, the duty cycle of the MOSFET on the buck terminal of the buck converter is adjusted in 1% increments or decrements. d 1. Duty cycle of the MOSFET at the boost terminal d2. The operating point voltage of the photovoltaic array is scanned over a wide range to observe the actual output capability of each photovoltaic module under different operating point voltages. During each adjustment step, the control submodule synchronously records the detection voltage, timestamp, and string current corresponding to the 1st to nth level photovoltaic modules at that step size, forming a complete adjustment process data record. After completing the full-range duty cycle scan, the control submodule filters out the time periods in the recorded data where different detection voltages are greater than or equal to a preset threshold (3V instead of 5V for power supply), and extracts the maximum output string current value among the string currents in each of these time periods, thus obtaining the final photovoltaic module output capability sequence. The photovoltaic module output capability sequence reflects the maximum current output capability of each photovoltaic module during its respective trigger bypass conduction period during the scanning process. Based on this, the control submodule calculates the range (i.e., the difference between the maximum and minimum values) of the output capability sequence of the 1st to nth level photovoltaic modules, and compares this range with a preset differential power processing trigger threshold. When the range is greater than the differential power processing trigger threshold, differential power processing is determined to be required; when the range is less than or equal to the differential power processing trigger threshold, differential power processing is determined not to be required.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the bus processing submodule controls the switching transistor of the bus voltage regulator to turn on or off according to the second drive signal to convert the output voltage of the photovoltaic array into the bus voltage. This enables the power regulation system to stably convert the output voltage of the solar panel (which fluctuates with changes in light intensity and temperature) within a wide range of variations into the fixed bus voltage required by the entire satellite load, ensuring that all electrical equipment on the spacecraft can obtain a stable power supply voltage under different operating conditions. At the same time, the bus voltage regulator adopts a buck-boost topology, which has both boost and buck bidirectional conversion capabilities, enabling the system to operate normally under various illumination conditions where the output voltage of the solar panel is higher or lower than the target value of the bus. Compared with pure buck or pure boost topologies, it has a wider input voltage adaptation range and stronger environmental adaptability.

[0065] In summary, especially under dynamic shading conditions, the output current of some photovoltaic modules on spacecraft solar panels decreases significantly due to shading. If a traditional centralized MPPT architecture is used, the series branch current will be limited by the shaded module, and the power generation capacity of the unshaded module will be wasted. The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system based on this invention uses a detection module to collect the output voltage, output current, and status signals of each photovoltaic module in real time through resistor voltage division, current amplification, and cell detection circuits. When shading occurs, the control unit in the MPPT main control module determines the range of output current of each module. If the range exceeds a preset threshold, the differential power processing unit is triggered. By controlling the switching devices to switch with a specific output signal duty cycle, the excess power of the high-light modules is dynamically compensated to the shaded modules, removing the current limitation in the series structure and allowing each module to operate at its optimal power point. Simultaneously, the computing module determines the duty cycle parameters and differential power processing parameters based on telemetry data and a preset processing algorithm, generating remote control commands. The power supply lower-level module determines the target operating mode based on the overall satellite energy status and telemetry data, generating mode commands. The MPPT main control module dynamically adjusts control parameters or switches operating modes according to the above commands, realizing coordinated optimization from component-level differential power compensation to global maximum power point tracking. This enables real-time perception, compensation decisions, and execution when local shading occurs, thereby suppressing power drops caused by dynamic shading and improving the overall power output density of the solar panels under complex lighting conditions.

[0066] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spacecraft solar panel power regulation system, characterized in that, include: The system includes a detection module, a computing module, a power supply slave module, and an MPPT main control module; the detection module, the computing module, and the power supply slave module are wirelessly connected to the MPPT main control module, and the MPPT main control module is connected to the photovoltaic array of the spacecraft's solar panels; The detection module is used to acquire telemetry data of the photovoltaic array; The calculation module is used to determine the target control parameters for power control based on the telemetry data, and to generate remote control commands based on the target control parameters. The power supply lower-level module is used to acquire the global energy status of the spacecraft's solar panels; based on the global energy status and the telemetry data, it determines the target operating mode for power control and generates mode commands based on the target operating mode. The MPPT main control module is used to adjust the control parameters of the power control or switch the working mode of the power control according to the remote control command or the mode command; and to perform power control based on the working mode and control parameters and the telemetry data of the photovoltaic array.

2. The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module is specifically used for; The solar panel output information and cell detection information of the spacecraft are acquired, and the solar panel output information and cell detection information are used as telemetry data of the photovoltaic array.

3. The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The detection module is specifically used for: The bus output voltage is obtained by sampling the voltage through a resistor voltage divider circuit; The output current of the solar panel is obtained by sampling the current through a voltage amplification circuit. The bus output voltage and the solar panel output current are used as the solar panel output information; The status signal of each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array is obtained through the cell detection circuit, and the status signal includes a high-level signal or a low-level signal. The detection information of the battery cell is determined based on the status signal.

4. The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The computing module is specifically used for: Based on the output information of the solar panel and the detection information of the solar cells, the duty cycle parameters and differential power processing parameters for maximum power point tracking control are determined by a preset processing algorithm. The duty cycle parameter and the differential power processing parameter are used as the target control parameters; The remote control command is generated based on the target control parameters.

5. The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply lower-level module is specifically used for: Battery status monitoring data of the spacecraft's solar panels are acquired via wireless communication; The global energy status is determined based on the battery status monitoring data; Based on the global energy status of the spacecraft's solar panels and the telemetry data, the target operating mode is determined. Generate mode instructions based on the target operating mode; The target operating mode is any one of the following modes: local power tracking mode, remote power tracking mode, peak power tracking mode, constant voltage limiting mode, and fault protection mode.

6. The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power supply lower-level module is specifically used for: Based on the telemetry data, determine whether any abnormality has occurred during the power control process; When an abnormality occurs in the power control process, a bypass switching command is generated; The bypass switching instruction is used as the mode instruction.

7. The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The MPPT main control module includes a control submodule, a bus processing submodule, and a differential power processing submodule. The control submodule is used to generate a first drive signal and a second drive signal based on the telemetry data, the control parameters, and the operating mode. The differential power processing submodule is used to perform differential power adjustment on the adjacent photovoltaic modules according to the first driving signal; The bus processing submodule is used to perform bus voltage conversion according to the second drive signal.

8. The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control submodule is specifically used for: Based on the output current of the solar panel, determine whether differential power processing is required; If so, the first driving signal is generated based on the differential power processing parameters; If not, then based on the duty cycle parameter, the control parameter, and the operating mode, the second drive signal is generated according to the bus output voltage.

9. The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The differential power processing submodule is specifically used for: The switching devices of the differential processing circuit are controlled to perform switching actions according to the first driving signal, and power compensation is performed on adjacent photovoltaic modules that do not meet the preset current balance conditions.

10. The spacecraft solar panel power regulation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The busbar processing submodule is specifically used for: The second drive signal controls the switching transistor of the bus voltage regulator to turn on or off, converting the output voltage of the photovoltaic array into the bus voltage.

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