Heat insulation plate, battery module, battery pack and electric equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a heat insulation plate, a battery module, a battery pack and electric equipment, the heat insulation plate comprises an aerogel layer, a first heat insulation layer and a second heat insulation layer which are arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the aerogel layer, and a first temperature control layer which is arranged on one side, deviating from the aerogel layer, of the first heat insulation layer, the second temperature control layer is arranged on one side, deviating from the aerogel layer, of the second heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation plate has good high-temperature heat insulation performance, is applied to the battery module, and can effectively block heat transfer between battery cells and avoid spreading of thermal runaway of the battery cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a heat insulation board, a battery module, a battery pack and electrical equipment. Background Art

[0002] Thermal runaway may occur in the process of heating, overcharging, over-discharging, and mechanical collision. Since the battery cell has high energy, once thermal runaway is triggered, it may cause combustion, explosion, etc., endangering life and property safety. In a battery module, once a single battery cell triggers thermal runaway due to external or internal reasons, if there is no good heat conduction system, the large amount of heat from the single battery cell may spread to adjacent batteries, causing more serious consequences. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, an embodiment of the utility model provides a heat insulation board, a battery module, a battery pack and an electrical device. The heat insulation board has good high-temperature heat insulation performance and is applied to the battery module to effectively block the heat transfer between the battery cells and avoid the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cells.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the utility model provides an insulation board, comprising an aerogel layer, a first insulation layer and a second insulation layer arranged on opposite side surfaces of the aerogel layer, and a first temperature control layer arranged on a side of the first insulation layer facing away from the aerogel layer, and a second temperature control layer arranged on a side of the second insulation layer facing away from the aerogel layer.

[0005] In an embodiment of the present invention, the phase change enthalpy of the first temperature control layer and the second temperature control layer is 150 J / g-400 J / g, or the decomposition enthalpy of the first temperature control layer and the second temperature control layer is 400 J / g-4000 J / g.

[0006] In an embodiment of the utility model, the reflectivity of the first thermal insulation layer and the second thermal insulation layer to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 3μm-8μm is 45%-100%, or the emissivity of the first thermal insulation layer and the second thermal insulation layer to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 3μm-8μm is 35%-100%.

[0007] In the embodiment of the utility model, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel layer is 0.001W / m 2 K-0.025W / m 2 K.

[0008] In the implementation manner of the present invention, the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer are independently selected from a reflective material layer or a radiation material layer.

[0009] In the implementation manner of the utility model, the reflective material layer is a metal oxide layer.

[0010] In the implementation manner of the utility model, the first temperature control layer and the second temperature control layer are independently selected from a chemical heat storage material layer or a phase change material layer.

[0011] In the implementation manner of the utility model, the thickness of the aerogel layer is 0.5mm-5mm; the thickness of the first thermal insulation layer is 1μm-1000μm; the thickness of the second thermal insulation layer is 1μm-1000μm; the thickness of the first temperature control layer is 0.5mm-5mm; the thickness of the second temperature control layer is 0.5mm-5mm.

[0012] In an embodiment of the utility model, the thickness ratio of the aerogel layer, the first thermal insulation layer and the first temperature control layer is in the range of (10-150):3:(10-150); the thickness ratio of the aerogel layer, the second thermal insulation layer and the second temperature control layer is in the range of (10-150):3:(10-150).

[0013] In the implementation manner of the utility model, the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer are made of the same material layer and have the same thickness; the first temperature control layer and the second temperature control layer are made of the same material layer and have the same thickness.

[0014] In an embodiment of the utility model, an adhesive layer is further arranged between the first temperature control layer and the first thermal insulation layer, and / or an adhesive layer is further arranged between the first thermal insulation layer and the aerogel layer, and / or an adhesive layer is further arranged between the second temperature control layer and the second thermal insulation layer, and / or an adhesive layer is further arranged between the second thermal insulation layer and the aerogel layer.

[0015] In the implementation manner of the utility model, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1 μm-100 μm.

[0016] The heat insulation board provided by the embodiment of the utility model has a laminated structure of the first temperature control layer / first heat insulation layer / aerogel layer / second heat insulation layer / second temperature control layer. When the battery cell has thermal runaway, the first temperature control layer or the second temperature control layer with high thermal conductivity and high phase change enthalpy can absorb the heat of the high temperature section generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell, so that the temperature is controlled within a lower range; further, the first heat insulation layer or the second heat insulation layer emits the infrared radiation that cannot be absorbed by the first temperature control layer or the second temperature control layer to the external environment in the form of diffuse reflection or thermal radiation, thereby playing a role in blocking infrared radiation; finally, the aerogel layer blocks the residual heat and further reduces the temperature to a safe temperature at which the battery cell triggers thermal runaway. Therefore, the heat insulation board provided by the embodiment of the utility model has good high-temperature heat insulation performance, and is applied to the battery module, which can effectively block the heat transfer between the battery cells and avoid the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cells.

[0017] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the utility model provides a battery module, comprising a cell group and a heat insulation plate, wherein the cell group comprises at least two single cells arranged in parallel, and the heat insulation plate is arranged at the end of the single cells of the cell group in the arrangement direction, and / or between adjacent single cells, and the heat insulation plate comprises the heat insulation plate described in the first aspect.

[0018] The battery module provided by the embodiment of the utility model has a heat insulation plate, which has good high-temperature heat insulation performance, can effectively block heat transfer between battery cells, avoid the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cells, help reduce the risk of thermal runaway spreading of the battery module, and improve the safety of the battery module.

[0019] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the utility model provides a battery pack, comprising the battery module described in the second aspect.

[0020] The battery pack provided in the embodiment of the utility model has a heat insulation plate, which has good high-temperature heat insulation performance, can effectively block heat transfer between battery cells, avoid the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cells, help reduce the risk of thermal runaway spreading of the battery pack, and improve the safety of the battery pack.

[0021] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the utility model provides an electrical device, comprising the battery pack described in the third aspect.

[0022] The electrical equipment provided by the embodiment of the utility model has a low risk of thermal runaway and good safety performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the utility model, the drawings required to be used in the embodiment of the utility model will be described below.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a heat insulation board 10 provided in one embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat insulation board 10 provided in another embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a battery module 100 provided in one embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the X part in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following is a preferred implementation of the embodiment of the utility model. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the embodiment of the utility model. These improvements and modifications are also regarded as the protection scope of the embodiment of the utility model.

[0029] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal insulation board 10 provided in one embodiment of the utility model. The thermal insulation board 10 includes an aerogel layer 11, a first thermal insulation layer 12 and a second thermal insulation layer 13 arranged on opposite sides of the aerogel layer 11, and a first temperature control layer 14 arranged on the side of the first thermal insulation layer 12 away from the aerogel layer 11, and a second temperature control layer 15 arranged on the side of the second thermal insulation layer 13 away from the aerogel layer 11. That is, the thermal insulation board 10 includes a five-layer structure stacked in sequence, having a laminated structure of the first temperature control layer 14 / first thermal insulation layer 12 / aerogel layer 11 / second thermal insulation layer 13 / second temperature control layer 15, wherein " / " represents the interface between the two layers.

[0030] The heat insulation board 10 provided by the embodiment of the utility model has a laminated structure of a first temperature control layer 14 / a first heat insulation layer 12 / aerogel layer 11 / a second heat insulation layer 13 / a second temperature control layer 15, wherein the aerogel layer has the function of blocking heat transfer, the first heat insulation layer 12 and the second heat insulation layer 13 have the function of reflecting or radiating heat, and the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 have the function of absorbing heat. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, the first temperature control layer 14 or the second temperature control layer 15 can absorb the heat generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell in the high temperature section, so that the temperature is controlled within a lower range; further, the first heat insulation layer 12 or the second heat insulation layer 13 emits the infrared radiation that cannot be absorbed by the first temperature control layer 14 or the second temperature control layer 15 to the external environment in the form of diffuse reflection or thermal radiation, thereby playing a role in blocking infrared radiation; finally, the aerogel layer 11 blocks the residual heat and further reduces the temperature to a safe temperature at which the battery cell triggers thermal runaway. Therefore, the heat insulation board 10 provided in the embodiment of the utility model has good high-temperature heat insulation performance and is applied to the battery module to effectively block the heat transfer between the battery cells and avoid the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cells.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, the phase change enthalpy of the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 can be 150 J / g-400 J / g, or the decomposition enthalpy of the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 can be 400 J / g-4000 J / g. In some embodiments, the phase change enthalpy of the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 can be, for example, 150 J / g, 180 J / g, 200 J / g, 250 J / g, 280 J / g, 300 J / g, 330 J / g, 360 J / g or 400 J / g. In other embodiments, the decomposition enthalpy of the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 can be, for example, 400 J / g, 600 J / g, 800 J / g, 1000 J / g, 1200 J / g, 1500 J / g, 1800 J / g, 2000 J / g, 2500, 3000, 3500 or 4000 J / g.

[0032] In the embodiment of the utility model, the reflectivity of the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the second thermal insulation layer 13 to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 3μm-8μm can be 45%-100%, or the emissivity of the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the second thermal insulation layer 13 to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 3μm-8μm can be 35%-100%. In some embodiments, the reflectivity of the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the second thermal insulation layer 13 to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 3μm-8μm can be, for example, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 99%. In other embodiments, the emissivity of the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the second thermal insulation layer 13 to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 3μm-8μm can be, for example, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 99%.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel layer 11 can be 0.001 W / m 2 K-0.025W / m 2 In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel layer 11 may be, for example, 0.001 W / m 2 K, 0.002W / m 2 K, 0.005W / m 2 K, 0.008W / m 2 K, 0.01W / m 2 K, 0.012W / m 2 K, 0.015W / m 2 K, 0.018W / m 2 K, 0.02W / m 2 K, 0.022W / m 2 K or 0.025W / m 2 K.

[0034] In the embodiment of the utility model, the aerogel layer 11 is a layer containing aerogel material, for example, it can be a felt pad impregnated with aerogel material. The aerogel material has a low thermal conductivity through its porous microstructure and high specific surface area, effectively reducing heat conduction, thereby achieving good thermal insulation performance. In some embodiments, the aerogel material includes but is not limited to a composite material composed of one material or two or more of inorganic aerogel, organic aerogel, carbon aerogel, natural gas gel and carbide aerogel, and the felt pad includes but is not limited to glass fiber felt, ceramic fiber felt, pre-oxidized silk fiber felt, alumina fiber felt, zirconia fiber felt, high silica fiber felt, aramid fiber felt, mullite fiber felt, basalt fiber felt, carbon fiber felt, spandex fiber felt, polyester fiber felt, nylon fiber felt, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber felt, non-woven fabric, fiber paper, foam and other organic and inorganic fiber felt materials, or one or more of foaming materials with an open-pore structure. Optionally, the inorganic aerogel includes but is not limited to a mono-oxide aerogel, a metal-oxide aerogel or a binary oxide aerogel. Specifically, the mono-oxide aerogel includes but is not limited to SiO 2 Aerogel, Al 2 O 3 Aerogel, TiO 2 Aerogel, Fe 2 O 3 Aerogel, MgO aerogel, Cr 2 O 3 Aerogel, MoO 2 Aerogel, ZrO 2 Aerogel, Nb 2 O 5 Aerogel, SnO 2 Aerogel or B 2 O 3 Aerogel, metal-oxide aerogel can be Cu / Al 2 O 3 Aerogel, Pd / Al 2 O 3 Aerogel or Ni / Al 2 O 3 Aerogels, binary oxide aerogels include but are not limited to Al 2 O 3 / SiO 2 Aerogel, P 2 O 5 / SiO 2 Aerogel, B 2 O 3 / SiO 2 Aerogel, Nb 2 O 5 / SiO 2Aerogel, Er 2 O 3 / SiO 2 Aerogel, CuO / Al 2 O 3 Aerogel, NiO / Al 2 O 3 Aerogels, ternary oxide aerogels include but are not limited to CuO / ZnO / Al 2 O 3 Aerogel, B 2 O 3 / P 2 O 5 / SiO 2 Aerogel, MgO / Al 2 O 3 / SiO 2 Aerogel or B 2 O 3 / P 2 O 5 / SiO 2 Aerogel. Optionally, the organic aerogel can be a resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) organic aerogel, a melamine-formaldehyde (MF) aerogel or a phenolic resin-furfural (PF) aerogel. Optionally, the carbon aerogel can be a carbonized RF (resorcinol and formaldehyde) aerogel (referred to as CRF aerogel), a carbon nanotube aerogel or a graphene aerogel. Optionally, the carbide aerogel can be a SiC aerogel. Optionally, the natural gas aerogel can be an all-natural wood aerogel.

[0035] In the embodiment of the utility model, the porosity of the aerogel layer 11 is greater than or equal to 85%, and the specific surface area can be 500m 2 / g-1300m 2 / g. The nano-scale pores of the aerogel layer 11 can scatter and reflect light and thermal radiation, making the heat transfer in the material very slow. In addition, the nano-scale pores can absorb and store a large amount of air to form air layers, which are poor conductors of heat and can effectively slow down heat transfer. The porosity of the aerogel layer 11 is set to be greater than or equal to 85%, and the specific surface area is set to 500m 2 / g-1300m 2 / g, which is beneficial to improving the thermal insulation performance of the aerogel layer 11.

[0036] In the embodiment of the utility model, the aerogel layer 11 may also include a sunscreen, which has good thermal resistance and can effectively reduce the conduction of heat and improve the thermal insulation performance of the aerogel layer 11. In some embodiments, the sunscreen includes but is not limited to carbon black, SiC, potassium hexatitanate whiskers, TiO 2 、ZrO 2 、Al2 O 3 and coal ash. In the embodiment of the utility model, the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the second thermal insulation layer 13 can be independently selected from a reflective material layer or a radiation material layer, and the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the second thermal insulation layer 13 can be the same or different material layers. For example, one of the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the second thermal insulation layer 13 is a reflective material layer, and the other is a radiation material layer; or the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the second thermal insulation layer 13 are reflective material layers of the same or different compositions, or are radiation material layers of the same or different compositions.

[0037] In the embodiment of the utility model, the reflective material layer is a layer containing a reflective heat-insulating material, which can reflect the infrared radiation generated by the high-temperature battery core into the environment, thereby blocking the radiation heat transfer and having good heat insulation performance. In some embodiments, the reflective material layer includes but is not limited to a metal oxide layer. Specifically, the metal oxide layer can be, for example, TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 In some embodiments, the reflective material layer is TiO 2 In some embodiments, the reflective material layer is Al 2 O 3 In some embodiments, the reflective material layer is TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 Composite layer.

[0038] In the embodiment of the utility model, the radiation material layer is a layer containing radiation insulation material, which can radiate the infrared radiation generated by the high-temperature battery core into the environment, reduce the absorption of heat energy and effectively prevent the transfer of heat radiation. In some embodiments, the radiation insulation material includes but is not limited to inverse spinel metal oxides, carbon black, SiC, potassium hexatitanate whiskers (K 2 Ti 6 O 13 ), TiO 2 、ZrO 2 、Al 2 O 3 A composite material consisting of one material selected from coal ash or two or more.

[0039] In the embodiment of the utility model, the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 are independently selected from a chemical heat storage material layer or a phase change material layer, and the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 can be the same or different material layers. For example, one of the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 is a phase change material layer, and the other is a chemical heat storage material layer; or the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 are phase change material layers of the same or different compositions, or are chemical heat storage material layers of the same or different compositions.

[0040] In the embodiment of the utility model, the chemical heat storage material layer is a layer containing chemical heat storage materials. The chemical heat storage material has high thermal conductivity, which can not only dissipate and radiate the heat generated by thermal runaway of the battery core to the outside, so as to prevent local overheating of the battery core, but also absorb heat through chemical reaction, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery core. In some embodiments, the chemical heat storage material includes but is not limited to Ni(OH) 2 Mg(OH) 2 MgH 2 、Co 3 O 4 、PbCO 3 NH 4 HSO 4 , Ca(OH) 2 、Sr(OH) 2 、CaCO 3 ,BaO 2 and Ba(OH) 2 A composite material consisting of one material or two or more.

[0041] In the embodiment of the utility model, the reaction temperature of the chemical heat storage material is 100°C-500°C. The large amount of heat generated by thermal runaway of the battery will be absorbed by the chemical reaction decomposition of the chemical heat storage material, thereby controlling the battery temperature at a lower value.

[0042] In the embodiment of the utility model, the phase change material layer is a layer containing a phase change material, and the phase change material has high thermal conductivity and high phase change enthalpy, which can not only evacuate and radiate the heat generated by thermal runaway of the battery cell to the outside, so as to prevent local overheating of the battery cell, but also absorb a large amount of heat generated by the battery cell during the isothermal phase change process, so as to achieve the effect of controlling temperature changes well. In some embodiments, the phase change material includes but is not limited to one material selected from organic phase change materials, hydrated salt phase change materials, molten salt phase change materials, metal phase change materials and alloy phase change materials, or a composite material composed of two or more materials.

[0043] In some embodiments, the organic phase change material includes, but is not limited to, glycolic acid, p-bromophenol, azobenzene, acrylic acid, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, phenylacetic acid, allylthiourea, D-3 camphor balls, benamine, tetramethylbenzene, acetamide, methyl p-bromobenzoate, 1-naphthol, glutaric acid, dichlorop-xylene, methyl fumarate, catechol, quinone, acetanilide, erythritol, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid, stilbene compounds, benzamide, phenacetin, p-aminotoluene, benzaldehyde phenylhydrazone, salicylic acid, phenylanilide, D-mannitol sugar, hydroquinone and p-aminobenzoic acid, or a composite material composed of two or more.

[0044] In the embodiment of the utility model, the hydrated salt phase change material includes but is not limited to LiClO 3 ·3H 2 O、NH 4 Cl·Na 2 SO 4 10H 2 O.K 2 HPO 4 6H 2 O、NaCl·Na 2 SO 4 10H 2 O. KF·4H 2 O.K 2 HPO 4 ·4H 2 O, FeBr 3 6H 2 O、Mn(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O. LiBO 2 8H 2 O, CaCl 2 6H 2 O, CaCl 2 12H 2 O、LiNO 3 ·3H 2 O、LiNO 3 ·2H 2 O、Na 2 SO 4 10H 2 O、Na 2 CO 3 10H 2 O, KFe(SO 4 ) 2 12H 2 O、CaBr 2 6H 2 O、LiBr·2H 2O、Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O、Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O、Mn(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O、FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O、CaCl 2 ·4H 2 O、CuSO 4 ·7H 2 O、KF·2H 2 O、MgI 2 ·8H 2 O、CaI 2 ·6H 2 O、Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O、Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O、K 3 PO 4 ·7H 2 O、K 2 HPO 4 ·7H 2 O、Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O、Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O、Na 2 SiO 3 ·5H 2 O、Na 2 SiO 3 ·4H 2 O、Na 2 HPO 4 ·7H 2 O、Na 2 S 2 About 3 ·5H 2 O、K 2 HPO 4 · 3 H 2 O、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O、Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O、Na(NO3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O、Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O、FeCl 3 ·2H 2 O、Co(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O、Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O、MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O、CH 3 COONa·3H 2 O、LiC 2 H 3 IT IS 2 ·2H 2 O、MgCl 2 ·4H 2 O、NaOH·H 2 O、Cd(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O、Cd(NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O、Fe(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O、NaAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O、NaAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·10H 2 O、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O、Na 3 PO 4 ·12H 2 O、LiCH 3 COO·2H 2 O、Na 2 P 2 O7·10H 2 O、Al(NO 3 ) 2 ·9H 2 O、Ba(OH) 2 ·8H 2 O、Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2O、Sr(OH) 2 8H 2 O、Mg(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O、KAl(SO 4 ) 2 1 2 H 2 O、(NH 4 )Al(SO 4 )·6H 2 O、LiCl·H 2 O and MgCl 2 6H 2 One material or a composite material consisting of two or more materials in O.

[0045] In the embodiment of the utility model, the molten salt phase change material is but not limited to LiNO 3 / KCl、LiNO 3 / NaNO 3 、KNO 3 / NaNO 3 、LiNO 3 / NaCl, NaNO 3 / KNO 3 、LiNO / diatomaceous earth、NaNO 3 / CuO、NaNO 3 / EP、KNO 3 / Diatomaceous earth, Li 2 CO 3 / Na 2 CO 3 / K 2 CO 3 、NaCl / CaCl 2 / MgCl 2 MgCl 2 / NaCl、MgCl 2 / KCl、Li 2 CO 3 / K 2 CO 3 、LiCO 3 / K 2 CO 3 、Na 2 CO 3 / Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 CO 3 / K 2 CO 3 、NaCl / Na 2 CO 3、Na 2 CO 3 / NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 / Diatomaceous earth and Na 2 SO 4 / SiC ceramic foam or a composite material consisting of two or more.

[0046] In the embodiment of the utility model, the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 100°C-500°C, which can not only ensure that the phase change material can undergo an endothermic reaction under thermal runaway conditions of the battery cell, but also avoid the phase change reaction of the phase change material at normal operating temperature, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the phase change material.

[0047] In the embodiment of the utility model, the heat insulation board 10 can also be packaged with a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) protective film to increase the high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance of the heat insulation board 10 .

[0048] In the embodiment of the utility model, the thickness of the aerogel layer 11 can be 0.5mm-5mm, which can ensure good thermal insulation effect without wasting aerogel materials, which is beneficial to cost control. In some embodiments, the thickness of the aerogel layer 11 can be, for example, 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm.

[0049] In the embodiment of the utility model, the thickness of the first heat insulation layer 12 can be 1 μm-1000 μm, which can ensure a good heat insulation effect without wasting reflective heat insulation materials or radiation heat insulation materials, which is beneficial to cost control. In some embodiments, the thickness of the first heat insulation layer 12 can be, for example, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, 600 μm, 700 μm, 800 μm, 900 μm or 1000 μm.

[0050] In the embodiment of the utility model, the thickness of the second heat insulation layer 13 can be 1 μm-1000 μm, which can ensure a good heat insulation effect without wasting reflective heat insulation materials or radiation heat insulation materials, which is beneficial to cost control. In some embodiments, the thickness of the second heat insulation layer 13 can be, for example, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, 600 μm, 700 μm, 800 μm, 900 μm or 1000 μm.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the first heat insulation layer 12 and the second heat insulation layer 13 may be the same or different.

[0052] In the embodiment of the utility model, the thickness of the first temperature control layer 14 can be 0.5 mm-5 mm, which can ensure a good heat absorption effect without causing waste of chemical heat storage materials or phase change materials, which is beneficial to control costs. In some embodiments, the thickness of the first temperature control layer 14 can be, for example, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, 4.5 mm or 5 mm.

[0053] In the embodiment of the utility model, the thickness of the second temperature control layer 15 can be 0.5mm-5mm, which can ensure a good heat absorption effect without causing waste of chemical heat storage materials or phase change materials, which is beneficial to control costs. In some embodiments, the thickness of the second temperature control layer 15 can be, for example, 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 may be the same or different.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the second thermal insulation layer 13 can be layers of the same material and have the same thickness; the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 can be layers of the same material and have the same thickness. This is beneficial to the preparation of the insulation board and can improve the structural stability of the insulation board.

[0056] In the embodiment of the utility model, the thickness ratio of the aerogel layer 11, the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the first temperature control layer 14 can be in the range of (10-150):3:(10-150), further improving the thermal insulation effect of the thermal insulation board 10. In some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the aerogel layer 11, the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the first temperature control layer 14 can be in the range of (10-50):3:(10-50). In some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the aerogel layer 11, the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the first temperature control layer 14 can be, for example, 20:3:10, 20:1:10, 10:1:10, 10:3:10, 15:1:10, 15:3:10, 10:1:15 or 10:3:15.

[0057] In the embodiment of the utility model, the thickness ratio of the aerogel layer 11, the second thermal insulation layer 13 and the second temperature control layer 15 can be in the range of (10-150):3:(10-150), further improving the thermal insulation effect of the thermal insulation board 10. In some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the aerogel layer 11, the second thermal insulation layer 13 and the second temperature control layer 15 can be in the range of (10-50):3:(10-50). In some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the aerogel layer 11, the second thermal insulation layer 13 and the second temperature control layer 15 can be, for example, 20:3:10, 20:1:10, 10:1:10, 10:3:10, 15:1:10, 15:3:10, 10:1:15 or 10:3:15.

[0058] In the embodiment of the utility model, in order to realize the combination of the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the first temperature control layer 14 or the aerogel layer 11, the first thermal insulation layer 12 can be grown in situ on the surface of the first temperature control layer 14 or the aerogel layer 11, or the first thermal insulation layer 12 can be bonded to the first temperature control layer 14 or the aerogel layer 11 using an adhesive, or the material for synthesizing the first thermal insulation layer 12 can be mixed with an adhesive into a slurry and applied to the surface of the first temperature control layer 14 or the aerogel layer 11.

[0059] In the embodiment of the utility model, in order to realize the combination of the second thermal insulation layer 13 and the second temperature control layer 15 or the aerogel layer 11, the second thermal insulation layer 13 can be grown in situ on the surface of the second temperature control layer 15 or the aerogel layer 11, or the second thermal insulation layer 13 can be bonded to the second temperature control layer 15 or the aerogel layer 11 using a binder, or the material for synthesizing the second thermal insulation layer 13 and the binder are mixed into a slurry and applied to the surface of the second temperature control layer 15 or the aerogel layer 11. In some embodiments, the binder includes but is not limited to one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, butyl acetate and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

[0060] In the embodiment of the utility model, an adhesive layer may be further provided between the first temperature control layer 14 and the first thermal insulation layer 12, and / or an adhesive layer may be further provided between the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the aerogel layer 11, and / or an adhesive layer may be further provided between the second temperature control layer 15 and the second thermal insulation layer 13, and / or an adhesive layer may be further provided between the second thermal insulation layer 13 and the aerogel layer 11. The adhesive layers between the layers may be adhesive layers composed of the same or different materials, and the adhesive layers between the layers may be of the same or different thicknesses.

[0061] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, a first adhesive layer 16 is further provided between the aerogel layer 11 and the first thermal insulation layer 12, and a second adhesive layer 17 is further provided between the aerogel layer 11 and the second thermal insulation layer 13. The first adhesive layer 16 and the second adhesive layer 17 are the adhesive layers described herein.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the adhesive layer can be 0.1 μm-100 μm, which can not only firmly combine the layers of the thermal insulation board 10 and improve the structural stability of the thermal insulation board 10, but also does not affect the thermal insulation effect of the thermal insulation board 10. In some embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive layer can be 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm or 100 μm.

[0063] The present utility model also provides a battery module, including a battery cell group and a heat insulation board, wherein the battery cell group includes at least two single battery cells arranged in parallel, and the heat insulation board is arranged at the end of the single battery cells of the battery cell group in the arrangement direction, and / or between adjacent single battery cells, wherein the heat insulation board is the heat insulation board in any of the above embodiments. The battery module may include one or more heat insulation boards.

[0064] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the battery module 100 includes a cell group 20 and a heat shield 10. The cell group 20 includes a single cell 1, a single cell 2, a single cell 3, a single cell 4 and a single cell 5 arranged in parallel. The heat shield 10 is arranged at both ends of the single cell arrangement direction of the cell group 20, and is arranged between adjacent single cells 1 and 2, between single cells 2 and 3, between single cells 3 and 4, and between single cells 4 and 5. When any single cell in the battery module has thermal runaway, for example, single cell 3 has thermal runaway, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, the heat generated by the thermal runaway of the single cell 3 (in the direction from the single cell 3 to the single cell 2) is first transferred to the first temperature control layer 14 of the insulation board 10, and the first temperature control layer 14 can absorb most of the heat to reduce the temperature. Further, the heat that cannot be absorbed by the first temperature control layer 14 is transferred to the first thermal insulation layer 12, and the first thermal insulation layer 12 can emit the heat to the environment in the form of diffuse reflection or thermal radiation, further blocking the propagation of heat. Finally, the residual heat that cannot be blocked by the first thermal insulation layer 12 is further blocked by the aerogel layer 11, and the temperature can be reduced to a safe temperature at which the cell triggers thermal runaway, thereby preventing the single cell 2 from triggering thermal runaway.

[0065] The battery module provided by the embodiment of the utility model has a heat insulation plate, which has good high-temperature heat insulation performance, can effectively block heat transfer between battery cells, avoid the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cells, help reduce the risk of thermal runaway spreading of the battery module, and improve the safety of the battery module.

[0066] An embodiment of the utility model further provides a battery pack, comprising the battery module in any of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0067] The battery pack provided in the embodiment of the utility model has a heat insulation plate, which has good high-temperature heat insulation performance, can effectively block heat transfer between battery cells, avoid the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cells, help reduce the risk of thermal runaway spreading of the battery pack, and improve the safety of the battery pack.

[0068] The embodiment of the utility model further provides an electric device, including the battery pack in any of the above embodiments. The electric device provided by the embodiment of the utility model has a low risk of thermal runaway and good safety performance. Specifically, the electric device can be a vehicle, an energy storage cabinet, a ship or an aircraft.

[0069] The technical solution of the utility model is further illustrated by specific embodiments and comparative examples below.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] The structure of the heat insulation board 10 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 are both 1 mm thick and contain Li 2 CO 3 / Na 2 CO 3 / K 2 CO 3 The first heat-insulating layer 12 and the second heat-insulating layer 13 both contain ZnFe with a thickness of 0.3 mm. 2 O 4 The radiation material layer is an inverse spinel, the aerogel layer 11 is a glass fiber aerogel felt with a thickness of 2 mm, and the first adhesive layer 16 and the second adhesive layer 17 are both polyvinyl alcohol adhesive layers with a thickness of 15 μm.

[0072] Preparation of thermal insulation board 10: Li 2 CO 3 、Na 2 CO 3 and K 2 CO 3 The phase change material is obtained by mixing in a mass ratio of 32.1:33.4:34.5, and expanded graphite is added to the phase change material to enhance thermal conductivity. The mass ratio of expanded graphite to phase change material is (5-15)-(85-95), and then polyvinyl alcohol is added to obtain a mixed material. The mass proportion of polyvinyl alcohol in the mixed material is 5%. After mechanically stirring the mixed material to make it uniform, an appropriate amount of ethanol solvent is added to mix it into a first slurry. The first slurry is spread into a plate of a certain thickness and dried at room temperature. The thickness of the phase change material layer obtained after drying is 1mm. 2 O 3 and ZnO in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then calcined at high temperature to obtain ZnFe 2 O4 Inverse spinel radiation insulation material powder, ZnFe 2 O 4 The inverse spinel radiation insulation material powder is mixed with an appropriate amount of polyvinyl alcohol, and then an appropriate amount of ethanol solvent is added to form a second slurry. The second slurry is coated on the surface of the phase change material layer with a coating thickness of 0.3 mm and dried at room temperature to obtain a composite material layer consisting of a phase change material layer and a radiation material layer. Sodium silicate is dissolved in an appropriate amount of aqueous solution, and an appropriate amount of acid-base catalyst is added to form a sol, which is poured on a compression-formed glass fiber mat to in-situ generate a glass fiber gel composite material, and then the glass fiber gel composite material is subjected to supercritical CO 2 The glass fiber aerogel felt is obtained by drying, and the thickness of the dried glass fiber aerogel felt is 2 mm. The glass fiber aerogel felt is sandwiched between two layers of composite material, and the opposite sides of the glass fiber aerogel felt are tightly attached to the radiation material layer. The glass fiber aerogel felt and the radiation material layer are bonded with polyvinyl alcohol adhesive to obtain a composite board, and the thickness of the polyvinyl alcohol adhesive layer is 15 μm. The composite board is packaged with a PET film to obtain an insulation board with high thermal insulation and heat absorption properties.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] The structure of the heat insulation board 10 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 are both 1 mm thick and contain MgCl 2 6H 2 O phase change material layer, the first thermal insulation layer 12 and the second thermal insulation layer 13 are both 0.3 mm thick containing TiMg 2 O 4 The radiation material layer is an inverse spinel, the aerogel layer 11 is a ceramic fiber aerogel felt with a thickness of 2 mm, and the first adhesive layer 16 and the second adhesive layer 17 are both polyvinyl alcohol adhesive layers with a thickness of 15 μm.

[0075] Preparation of thermal insulation board 10: MgCl 2 6H 2 O and expanded graphite were mixed in a mass ratio of 15:85 to obtain a phase change material. The phase change material was stirred in an oil bath and heated to 180°C. The phase change material was then stirred at a constant temperature until MgCl 2 6H 2 O is melted and mixed evenly with expanded graphite to obtain a molten phase change material, which is poured and spread into a molten slurry with a certain thickness and shape, and naturally cooled and formed to obtain a phase change material layer with a thickness of 1 mm. 2 TiMgO was mixed and calcined in a molar ratio of 1:2 to obtain TiMg 2 O 4 Inverse spinel radiation insulation material powder, TiMg 2 O 4The inverse spinel radiation insulation material powder is mixed with an appropriate amount of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and then an appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent is added to obtain a uniform slurry, and then the slurry is coated on the surface of the phase change material layer and dried naturally. After drying, a composite material layer consisting of a phase change material layer and a radiation material layer is obtained, wherein the thickness of the radiation material layer is 0.3 mm. Sodium silicate is dissolved in an appropriate amount of water solvent, and an appropriate amount of acid-base catalyst is added to obtain a sol solution. The sol solution is poured onto the compression-molded ceramic fiber felt for in-situ gelation. CO 2 Ceramic fiber aerogel felt is obtained by supercritical drying. The thickness of the dried ceramic fiber aerogel felt is 2 mm. The dried ceramic fiber aerogel felt is sandwiched between two layers of composite material. The opposite sides of the ceramic fiber aerogel felt are tightly attached to the radiation material layer. The ceramic fiber aerogel felt and the radiation material layer are bonded with polyvinyl alcohol adhesive to obtain a composite board. The thickness of the polyvinyl alcohol adhesive layer is 15 μm. Finally, the composite board is packaged with PET film to obtain an insulation board with high thermal insulation and heat absorption properties.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] The structure of the heat insulation board 10 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the first temperature control layer 14 and the second temperature control layer 15 are both 1 mm thick and contain Mg(OH) 2 The first heat insulation layer 12 and the second heat insulation layer 13 are both 0.3 mm thick and contain TiO 2 The reflective material layer, the aerogel layer 11 is SiO with a thickness of 2 mm 2 The aerogel layer, the first adhesive layer 16 and the second adhesive layer 17 are all polyvinyl alcohol adhesive layers with a thickness of 15 μm.

[0078] Preparation of thermal insulation board 10: Mg(OH) 2 It is mixed with an appropriate amount of polyacrylic acid (PAA) binder and an appropriate amount of aqueous solution to form a slurry, and then a certain proportion of potassium hexatitanate whiskers is added to mix and form a plate with a certain shape and thickness, and then dried to obtain a chemical thermal storage material layer with a thickness of about 1 mm. 2 The reflective heat-insulating material is mixed with a certain proportion of butyl acetate adhesive to obtain sample A, the polyurethane resin and curing agent are mixed in a mass ratio of 5:4 to obtain sample B, and then sample A and sample B are mixed and dispersed in a certain proportion, and then a proper amount of solvent is added to obtain a coating, and the coating is applied to the surface of the chemical heat storage material layer and dried at room temperature to obtain a composite material layer composed of a chemical heat storage material layer and a radiation material layer. After drying, the thickness of the reflective material layer is 0.3mm. With aerogel and fumed silica as the main body, 10% by mass of sunscreen (titanium dioxide), reinforcing fiber, adhesive and other raw materials are pressed and formed to obtain a SiO2 with a thickness of 2mm. 2 aerogel layer, and then SiO2 The aerogel layer is sandwiched between two composite layers, SiO 2 The two opposite sides of the aerogel layer are in close contact with the reflective material layer. 2 The aerogel layer and the reflective material layer are bonded together with a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive to obtain a composite board, the thickness of the polyvinyl alcohol adhesive layer is 15 μm, and the composite board is packaged with a PET film to obtain a heat insulation board with high heat insulation and heat absorption performance.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] The insulation board is a glass fiber aerogel felt with a thickness of 5 mm.

[0081] Preparation method of thermal insulation board: dissolve sodium silicate in an appropriate amount of aqueous solution, add an appropriate amount of acid-base catalyst to form a sol, pour it on the compressed glass fiber mat to in-situ generate a glass fiber gel composite material, and then use supercritical CO to heat the glass fiber gel composite material. 2 The glass fiber aerogel felt is obtained by drying. The thickness of the dried glass fiber aerogel felt is 5 mm. The glass fiber aerogel felt is packaged with a PET film to obtain a heat insulation board.

[0082] Performance Testing

[0083] The heat insulation boards prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 are assembled into Figure 3 The battery module 100 is shown.

[0084] The battery module assembled from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 was subjected to the following test: According to the national standard (GB / T36276-2018) thermal runaway diffusion test method, 1C constant current overcharging was used to trigger thermal runaway of single cell 3. After the thermal runaway of single cell 3 was triggered, charging was stopped and observed for 1 hour, and the status and maximum temperature of other single cells were recorded. The results of the thermal runaway diffusion test are shown in Table 1.

[0085] Table 1 Thermal runaway diffusion test results

[0086]

[0087] It can be seen from Table 1 that when the single cell 3 in the battery module has thermal runaway, the single cells 1, 2, 4 and 5 in Examples 1-3 did not trigger thermal runaway, while the single cells 1, 2, 4 and 5 in Comparative Example 1 all triggered thermal runaway, indicating that the thermal insulation board provided by the utility model has good thermal insulation performance, can effectively block heat transfer between cells, avoid the spread of thermal runaway of cells, and is conducive to reducing the risk of thermal runaway spreading.

Claims

1. A heat insulation board for battery insulation, characterized in that: The invention comprises an aerogel layer, a first heat-insulating layer and a second heat-insulating layer arranged on opposite sides of the aerogel layer, a first temperature-controlling layer arranged on a side of the first heat-insulating layer away from the aerogel layer, and a second temperature-controlling layer arranged on a side of the second heat-insulating layer away from the aerogel layer.

2. The heat insulation board according to claim 1, characterized in that The phase change enthalpy of the first temperature control layer and the second temperature control layer is 150 J / g-400 J / g, or the decomposition enthalpy of the first temperature control layer and the second temperature control layer is 400 J / g-4000 J / g.

3. The heat insulation board according to claim 1, characterized in that The reflectivity of the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 3μm-8μm is 45%-100%, or the emissivity of the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 3μm-8μm is 35%-100%.

4. The heat insulation board according to claim 1, characterized in that The thermal conductivity of the aerogel layer is 0.001 W / m 2 K-0.025W / m 2 K.

5. The heat insulation board according to claim 1, characterized in that The first heat-insulating layer and the second heat-insulating layer are independently selected from a reflective material layer or a radiation material layer.

6. The heat insulation board according to claim 5, characterized in that The reflective material layer is a metal oxide layer.

7. The heat insulation board according to claim 1, characterized in that The first temperature control layer and the second temperature control layer are independently selected from a chemical heat storage material layer or a phase change material layer.

8. The heat insulation board according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the aerogel layer is 0.5mm-5mm; the thickness of the first heat insulation layer is 1μm-1000μm; the thickness of the second heat insulation layer is 1μm-1000μm; the thickness of the first temperature control layer is 0.5mm-5mm; the thickness of the second temperature control layer is 0.5mm-5mm.

9. The heat insulation board according to claim 8, characterized in that The thickness ratio of the aerogel layer, the first thermal insulation layer and the first temperature control layer is in the range of (10-150):3:(10-150); the thickness ratio of the aerogel layer, the second thermal insulation layer and the second temperature control layer is in the range of (10-150):3:(10-150).

10. The heat insulation board according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The first heat-insulating layer and the second heat-insulating layer are layers of the same material and have the same thickness; the first temperature-controlling layer and the second temperature-controlling layer are layers of the same material and have the same thickness.

11. The heat insulation board according to claim 1, characterized in that An adhesive layer is also arranged between the first temperature control layer and the first thermal insulation layer, and / or an adhesive layer is also arranged between the first thermal insulation layer and the aerogel layer, and / or an adhesive layer is also arranged between the second temperature control layer and the second thermal insulation layer, and / or an adhesive layer is also arranged between the second thermal insulation layer and the aerogel layer.

12. The heat insulation board according to claim 11, characterized in that The thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1 μm-100 μm.

13. A battery module, characterized in that: It comprises a battery cell group and a heat insulation board, wherein the battery cell group comprises at least two single battery cells arranged in parallel, the heat insulation board is arranged at the end of the single battery cells of the battery cell group in the arrangement direction, and / or between adjacent single battery cells, and the heat insulation board comprises the heat insulation board according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A battery pack, characterized in that: Comprising the battery module as claimed in claim 13.

15. An electrical equipment, characterized in that: A battery pack comprising the battery pack of claim 14.

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