Energy storage cabinet and energy storage system capable of discharging smoke directionally

Abstract

The utility model provides an energy storage cabinet capable of discharging smoke directionally, the energy storage cabinet comprises a box body, the box body is used for accommodating a plurality of stacked battery packs and a smoke discharging pipeline, the smoke discharging pipeline is arranged between a rear wall and the plurality of battery packs, the smoke discharging pipeline extends along the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs, the smoke discharging pipeline is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets, a plurality of smoke outlets and a plurality of ventilation openings, the smoke outlet and the ventilation opening are both communicated with the external environment of the energy storage cabinet, the position of the smoke outlet in the smoke exhaust pipeline is higher than the position of the ventilation opening, at least part of the battery pack is provided with a pressure release valve towards the outer wall of the smoke exhaust pipeline, a first sealing piece is arranged between the pressure release valve and the smoke inlet, and an opening in one end of the first sealing piece covers the periphery of the pressure release valve. An opening in the other end of the first sealing piece covers the periphery of the smoke inlet. And high-temperature smoke released when the battery pack is subjected to thermal runaway is discharged to the smoke exhaust pipeline through the smoke inlet, and then is released to the external environment through the smoke exhaust port, so that directional smoke exhaust of the energy storage cabinet is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy storage safety technology, and in particular to a directional smoke exhaust energy storage cabinet and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] The demand for photovoltaic and other new energy power generation and its supporting energy storage cabinets is becoming increasingly strong. Energy storage cabinets are widely used due to their advantages such as high flexibility, high energy density and high controllability. In actual applications, when the battery pack has thermal runaway, the flammable gases such as H2 and CO released by the pressure relief valve may cause an explosion in the relatively closed environment of the cabinet when they encounter sparks or high-temperature surfaces. How to quickly discharge the flammable gas into the outside air through the battery's pressure relief valve and avoid the risk of combustion or explosion caused by the accumulation of flammable gas in the energy storage cabinet has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry. Utility Model Content

[0003] The present application provides an energy storage cabinet and an energy storage system with directional smoke exhaust. By designing a directional smoke exhaust duct for combustible smoke in the energy storage cabinet, when a battery pack in the energy storage cabinet has thermal runaway, the high-temperature smoke generated in the battery pack is promptly discharged to the outside of the energy storage cabinet through the directional smoke exhaust duct, thereby reducing the risk of explosion of the energy storage cabinet and improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0004] In the first aspect, the present application provides a directional smoke exhaust energy storage cabinet, the energy storage cabinet comprising a box body, the box body is provided with a box door, the box door is arranged parallel to the rear wall of the box body, the box body is used to accommodate a plurality of stacked battery packs and a smoke exhaust pipe, the smoke exhaust pipe is arranged between the rear wall and the plurality of battery packs, and the smoke exhaust pipe extends along the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs. The smoke exhaust pipe is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets, smoke exhaust ports and vents, the smoke exhaust ports and the vents are both connected to the external environment of the energy storage cabinet, and the position of the smoke exhaust ports on the smoke exhaust pipe is higher than the position of the vents. The plurality of smoke inlets are arranged at intervals along the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs, at least some of the plurality of battery packs are provided with a pressure relief valve on the outer wall facing the smoke exhaust pipe, a first seal is provided between the pressure relief valve and the smoke inlet, the first seal comprises two ends arranged parallel to the spacing direction of the rear wall and the box door, the opening of one end of the first seal covers the outer periphery of the pressure relief valve, and the opening of the other end of the first seal covers the outer periphery of the smoke inlet.

[0005] When a battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the pressure relief valve of the battery pack opens, and the high-temperature gas inside the battery pack is released from the opening of the pressure relief valve on the outer wall of the battery pack and the smoke inlet into the smoke exhaust duct, and then discharged to the external environment through the smoke exhaust port of the smoke exhaust duct. There may be a gap between the outer wall of the battery pack and the side wall where the smoke inlet is located. Therefore, a first seal is provided between the battery pack and the smoke inlet, thereby forming a sealing structure between the outer wall of the battery pack and the smoke exhaust duct. The high-temperature gas generated by the thermal runaway of a battery pack can be directed into the corresponding smoke inlet, and the high-temperature gas released by the battery pack can be prevented from spreading inside the battery compartment, thereby preventing the thermal runaway from spreading to other battery packs, thereby causing thermal runaway of the entire energy storage cabinet, and improving the safety performance of the energy storage cabinet. Furthermore, by arranging a smoke exhaust port and a ventilation port in the smoke exhaust duct, the height of the smoke exhaust port is higher than the height of the ventilation port, so that the smoke released by the battery pack can be released from the smoke exhaust port to the external environment under the chimney effect, and the electrolyte released by the battery pack can be released from the ventilation port to the outside. In addition, the setting of the ventilation port and the smoke exhaust port can maintain the air pressure balance inside the smoke exhaust duct, thereby ensuring gas exchange between the inside and outside of the smoke exhaust duct.

[0006] In a possible implementation, the smoke exhaust duct includes two parallel side walls, one of which is parallel to the outer wall of the battery pack, and the other side wall is located between the one of the side walls and the rear wall, and the one of the side walls is provided with the multiple smoke inlets, which are arranged at intervals along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, and the multiple smoke inlets correspond to the multiple battery packs one-to-one, and the other side wall is provided with the smoke exhaust outlet. The multiple battery packs correspond to the multiple smoke inlets one-to-one, and the high-temperature smoke released when the battery pack has thermal runaway can be discharged into the smoke exhaust duct through the corresponding smoke exhaust outlet in a directionally manner to prevent the thermal runaway from spreading to other battery packs.

[0007] In a possible implementation, there is a gap between the other side wall and the rear wall, and the gap is filled with a flame retardant material. When the battery pack has thermal runaway, the flame retardant material can isolate the rear wall from the exhaust duct filled with high-temperature gas to avoid fire in the entire energy storage cabinet.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the lower edge of the smoke exhaust port is higher than the upper edge of the topmost smoke inlet among the multiple smoke inlets, so that the chimney effect during smoke exhaust can be better utilized to release smoke to the external environment as quickly as possible.

[0009] In a possible implementation, a partial area of ​​the rear wall is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, and the orthographic projection of the partial area in the spacing direction between the rear wall and the door covers the orthographic projection of the smoke exhaust port in the spacing direction between the rear wall and the door. In other words, at least some of the plurality of exhaust holes are arranged opposite to the smoke exhaust port. When smoke is released from the smoke exhaust port to the gap between the smoke exhaust duct and the rear wall, it can be released to the external environment as quickly as possible through the plurality of exhaust holes.

[0010] In a possible implementation, a first baffle is provided between the rear wall and the other side wall, and the orthographic projection of the first baffle in the spacing direction between the rear wall and the box door at least covers the orthographic projection of the plurality of exhaust holes in the spacing direction between the rear wall and the box door, thereby preventing foreign matter and accumulated water from entering the energy storage cabinet through the plurality of exhaust holes, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the energy storage cabinet.

[0011] In a possible implementation, a second baffle is provided at the smoke exhaust port, and the orthographic projections of the first baffle and the second baffle in the spacing direction between the rear wall and the box door partially overlap, thereby preventing external rainwater and foreign objects from entering the energy storage cabinet from multiple angles.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the first baffle is fixed to the top wall of the box body and tilted toward the rear wall, and the second baffle is fixed to the lower edge of the smoke exhaust port and tilted toward the rear wall. The first baffle and the second baffle form a labyrinth baffle structure. On the one hand, when the energy storage cabinet performs directional smoke exhaust, the first baffle and the second baffle have little resistance to the smoke and will not affect the smoke exhaust effect of the energy storage cabinet. On the other hand, when external rainwater invades, the first baffle and the second baffle will block the intrusion of rainwater at different angles, achieving all-round protection and improving the reliability and safety of the energy storage cabinet.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the first baffle is arranged parallel to the rear wall, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the first baffle, and the plurality of through holes and the plurality of exhaust holes are arranged non-overlappingly. On the one hand, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, the through holes can discharge smoke in time. On the other hand, when external rainwater enters, the first baffle can play a certain shielding role against the rainwater.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the smoke exhaust duct includes a bottom wall, the two side walls are perpendicular to the bottom wall, a second seal is provided between the bottom surface of the two side walls facing the bottom wall and the bottom wall, the vent is provided on the bottom wall, and the vent is located between the two second seals. The vent is located on the bottom wall between the two second seals, and can discharge the accumulated water and electrolyte inside the smoke exhaust duct to the external environment in a timely manner.

[0015] In a possible implementation, one of the side walls includes a plurality of protrusions facing the outer wall of each battery pack, the protrusions are provided with a hollow structure, each protrusion is provided with the smoke inlet, the sum of the height of the protrusions and the thickness of the first seal is greater than or equal to the height of the pressure relief valve protruding from the outer wall of the battery pack, and the periphery of the protrusions abuts against the other end of the first seal. The protrusions and the first seal together form a smoke inlet channel between the side wall and the outer wall of the battery pack. By designing the protrusions, it is possible to better adapt to pressure relief valves of different heights of battery packs of different models, thereby improving the flexibility of the energy storage cabinet and the richness of application scenarios.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the smoke exhaust duct includes a side wall, the side wall is located between the rear wall and the outer wall of the battery pack, the side wall is provided with the multiple smoke inlets, and the rear wall is provided with the smoke exhaust outlet. The rear wall of the box body can serve as the side wall of the smoke exhaust duct, and its smoke exhaust outlet is directly provided on the rear wall of the box body. This solution can avoid the connection operation between the smoke exhaust outlet and the exhaust hole of the box body, which can effectively simplify the assembly process of the energy storage cabinet and reduce the risk of smoke spilling into the box body.

[0017] In a possible implementation, a baffle is provided between the smoke outlet and the side wall, and the angle between the baffle and the side wall is an acute angle. The baffle can provide a certain shielding effect on foreign matter or rainwater entering from the outside, so that it falls vertically along the smoke exhaust pipe along the baffle, and prevents it from being attached to the pressure relief valve of the battery pack through the smoke inlet.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the side wall is perpendicular to the bottom wall of the smoke exhaust duct, a second seal is provided between the bottom surface of the side wall facing the bottom wall and the bottom wall, the vent is provided on the bottom wall, and the vent is located between the rear wall and the second seal, thereby further improving the sealing performance between the smoke exhaust duct and the box body.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the rear wall and the bottom wall of the smoke exhaust duct are perpendicular, and the vent is provided in the upper region of the junction of the rear wall and the bottom wall. The vent can be used to discharge accumulated water and electrolyte, and to maintain the air pressure balance inside the smoke exhaust duct when the energy storage cabinet exhausts smoke in a directional manner.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the smoke exhaust duct includes a top wall, a bottom wall and a side wall, the bottom wall and the top wall are arranged in parallel, the bottom wall and the top wall intersect with the side wall, the side wall is arranged in parallel with the outer wall of the battery pack, the side wall is provided with the multiple smoke inlets, the top wall is provided with the smoke exhaust port, and the bottom wall is provided with the vent. When the battery pack has thermal runaway, the high-temperature smoke released is discharged to the external environment from the smoke exhaust port of the top wall, and the released electrolyte or the accumulated water inside the smoke exhaust duct can be discharged to the external environment through the vent of the bottom wall.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the other end of the first seal includes an inner wall and an outer wall disposed opposite to each other, the inner wall is disposed toward the smoke inlet, and the lower edge of the inner wall of the first seal is on the same horizontal plane as the lower edge of the smoke inlet, or the lower edge of the inner wall of the first seal is higher than the lower edge of the smoke inlet. When external rainwater enters, it can slide from the inner wall of the first seal into the smoke exhaust duct, and then be discharged to the external environment from the vent, thereby preventing the sealing failure of the first seal caused by water accumulation, thereby improving the reliability of the energy storage cabinet.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present application provides an energy storage system, comprising the energy storage cabinet and a power converter described in the first aspect, wherein the power converter is used to convert the AC power output by an external AC power supply into DC power and output it to the energy storage cabinet, and / or the power converter is used to convert the DC power output by the energy storage cabinet into AC power and output it to a load or a power grid.

[0023] In the third aspect, the present application provides a directional smoke exhaust assembly for an energy storage device, the energy storage device includes a plurality of battery packs, the directional smoke exhaust assembly includes a smoke exhaust pipe, the smoke exhaust pipe is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets, the plurality of battery packs and the plurality of smoke inlets correspond one to one; each of the plurality of battery packs is provided with a pressure relief valve, and after the pressure relief valve of each battery pack is opened, each battery pack is connected to the smoke exhaust pipe. When a battery pack has thermal runaway, the pressure relief valve of the battery pack opens, and the high-temperature gas inside the battery pack is released from the opening of the pressure relief valve on the outer wall of the battery pack and the smoke inlet into the smoke exhaust pipe, and then discharged to the external environment through the smoke exhaust port of the smoke exhaust pipe. Since the battery packs and the smoke inlets are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, the high-temperature gas generated by the thermal runaway of a battery pack can be directed into the corresponding smoke inlet, which can prevent the high-temperature gas released by the battery pack from spreading inside the battery compartment, thereby preventing the thermal runaway from spreading to other battery packs, thereby causing the thermal runaway of the entire energy storage cabinet, and improving the safety performance of the energy storage cabinet. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 An application scenario diagram of the energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 A structural cross-sectional view of an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application in a side view direction;

[0026] Figure 3 A structural cross-sectional view of an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application in a front view direction;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 to Figure 7 for Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at center A;

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at B in the middle;

[0030] Fig. 9 Another structural cross-sectional view of an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application in a side view direction;

[0031] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at C in the middle;

[0032] Fig.11 for Fig. 9 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at D in the middle;

[0033] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of the smoke exhaust duct of the energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig.13 for Fig.12 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at position E in the middle.

[0035] Description of reference numerals:

[0036] 100-photovoltaic module, 200-DC / DC converter, 300-energy storage cabinet, 400-DC / AC converter; 500-grid; 600-industrial park;

[0037] 310-box body; 311-rear wall; 312-left cabinet wall; 313-right cabinet wall; 315-base; 3111-exhaust hole;

[0038] 320 (3201) - battery pack; 321 - outer wall;

[0039] 330-smoke exhaust duct; 3301-bottom wall; 3302-top wall; 3303-third side wall; 3304-fourth side wall; 331-smoke inlet; 332-smoke exhaust port; 333-first sealing member; 334-first side wall; 3341-second sealing member; 3343-first part; 3344-second part; 3345-third part; 335-second side wall; 336-first baffle; 337-second baffle; 3371-first bending portion; 3372-second bending portion; 3373-third bending portion; 3374-fourth bending portion; 339-ventilation port; 3342-baffle; 3346-raised portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar structures, and thus their repeated descriptions will be omitted. The words expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of the present application are all illustrated by taking the accompanying drawings as examples, but changes may be made as needed, and the changes made are all included in the scope of protection of the present application. The drawings of the embodiments of the present application are only used to illustrate the relative position relationship and do not represent the true proportion.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0042] It should be noted that specific details are described in the following description to facilitate understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in a variety of other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific implementation methods disclosed below.

[0043] For ease of understanding, the terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are first explained.

[0044] And / or: It is just a way to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0045] Multiple: refers to two or more than two.

[0046] Connection: refers to electrical connection. The connection between two electrical components can be a direct or indirect connection between the two electrical components. For example, A and B are connected, which can be either A and B directly connected or A and B indirectly connected through one or more other electrical components. For example, A and B are connected, or A and C are directly connected, C and B are directly connected, and A and B are connected through C.

[0047] The following embodiments of the present application provide an energy storage cabinet, which can be used in energy storage application scenarios of renewable energy power generation, such as photovoltaic power generation.

[0048] For example, Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the framework structure of a photovoltaic system is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic module 100, a DC / DC converter 200, an energy storage cabinet 300, and a DC / AC converter 400. The photovoltaic module 100 is used to convert solar energy into DC power. The DC / DC converter 200 is used to convert the DC power generated by the photovoltaic module 100 into adjustable DC power, which is used to realize dynamic control of the DC power generated by the photovoltaic module 100, balance the output power of each photovoltaic module 100, and then output it to the energy storage cabinet 200 to store the electric energy. The DC power output by the energy storage cabinet 300 is converted into AC power by the DC / AC converter 400 and output to the power grid 500. The AC power output by the DC / AC converter can also be used to supply power to the industrial park 600 to meet the power demand of the industrial and commercial park 600.

[0049] The energy storage cabinet 300 includes multiple battery packs, which generally include multiple batteries. In actual applications, the battery may experience thermal runaway during operation due to mechanical, electrical, thermal abuse and its own defects. When the temperature uniformity between multiple batteries is poor or the battery is overcharged or over-discharged, a large amount of flammable gas is generated inside the battery due to thermal runaway, which has a high risk of explosion. The shock wave, thermal radiation generated by the explosion, and the splash of debris generated by the disintegration of the cabinet will pose a threat to the safety of nearby people or objects. The battery pack also has the risk of thermal runaway valve opening. When the flammable gases such as H2 and CO released when the valve is opened encounter sparks or high-temperature surfaces, they may cause an explosion accident in the relatively closed environment of the cabinet, causing harm to the surrounding environment or people. If the high-temperature smoke cannot be discharged in time, the high-temperature flammable smoke will accumulate inside the battery pack or be discharged into the energy storage device through the pressure relief valve of the battery pack. When the high-temperature flammable smoke accumulates inside the battery pack, the battery pack will explode due to insufficient strength of the battery pack. When high-temperature combustible flue gas is directly discharged into the energy storage device, the high-temperature combustible flue gas will impact the surrounding battery packs that are working normally, thereby causing secondary hazards.

[0050] In order to solve the problem of thermal runaway of the energy storage cabinet, the present application provides an energy storage cabinet 300. The structure of the energy storage cabinet 300 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 3 is a cross-sectional view of the energy storage cabinet 300 in the side view direction. The energy storage cabinet 300 includes a box body 310 and a plurality of stacked battery packs 320, and the plurality of battery packs 320 are arranged along the height direction of the energy storage cabinet ( Figure 2 The z direction is the height direction of the energy storage cabinet, and the x direction is the width direction of the energy storage cabinet). In other words, multiple battery packs 320 are stacked along the z direction to meet the requirements of the energy storage cabinet in large-capacity application scenarios. The box 310 accommodates multiple battery packs 320, and multiple battery holders can be arranged inside the box 310. The multiple battery holders are arranged at intervals along the z direction, and the battery holders extend along the x direction. Each battery pack 320 can be placed on a corresponding holder and fixedly connected to the holder to fix the battery pack 320 inside the box 310, so that the battery pack 320 inside the box 310 is not easy to shake during the handling or transportation of the energy storage cabinet 300, thereby ensuring the reliability of the energy storage cabinet 300.

[0051] Continue to refer to Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 The front cross-sectional view of the energy storage cabinet 300 shown in the figure (the y direction in the figure is the length direction of the energy storage cabinet). The box body 310 includes a cabinet wall, and the box body 310 may include three cabinet walls and a cabinet door, wherein the cabinet wall opposite to and parallel to the cabinet door (not shown in the figure) is the rear wall 311, and the other two cabinet walls may be the left wall 312 and the right wall 313, respectively. The present application sets a smoke exhaust duct 330 on the rear wall 311, that is, the smoke exhaust duct 330 is located between the rear wall 311 and the plurality of battery packs 320. The smoke exhaust duct 330 extends along the z direction, and the smoke exhaust duct 330 is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets 331, a smoke exhaust port 332 and a vent 339. Multiple smoke inlets 331 are arranged at intervals along the z direction and correspond one-to-one to the battery packs 320. The multiple smoke inlets 331 and the smoke exhaust ports 332 are all connected to the smoke exhaust duct 330. The smoke exhaust ports 332 and the ventilation ports 339 are connected to the external environment of the energy storage cabinet 300. The position of the smoke exhaust ports 332 on the smoke exhaust duct 330 is higher than the position of the ventilation ports 339.

[0052] A pressure relief valve is provided on the outer wall 321 of the battery pack 320, and a first sealing member 333 is provided between the pressure relief valve and the smoke inlet. The first sealing member 333 includes two ends arranged in parallel along the x direction, and an opening at one end of the first sealing member 333 covers the periphery of the pressure relief valve, and an opening at the other end of the first sealing member 333 covers the periphery of the smoke inlet 331 corresponding to the pressure relief valve, thereby forming a sealing structure between the battery pack 320 and the corresponding smoke inlet 331. The first sealing member 333, the first side wall 334, and the outer wall 321 of the battery pack 320 form a sealed space, and the pressure relief valve on the outer wall 321 of the battery pack 320 is located in the enclosed space. When installing the battery pack 320 from the box door to the interior of the energy storage container, a tool is generally used to move the battery pack 320 along the box door. Figure 2The first seal 333 is pushed into the energy storage container in the x direction in the x direction. Under the pressure of the battery pack 320, the first seal 333 is pressed toward the first side wall 334 along the x direction. The sealing of the connection between the battery pack 320 and the smoke exhaust duct 330 is achieved through the compression of the seal 333, so as to prevent smoke from escaping into the box body 310 and causing thermal runaway to spread to other battery packs 320. For example, the first seal 333 is a sealing strip. When the battery pack 320 is pressed against the first side wall 334, the compression ratio of the sealing strip can be 1 / 3 to 1 / 2, so as to achieve the sealing between the smoke exhaust duct 330 and the battery pack 320. The first seal 333 can also be sealing glue.

[0053] When the pressure relief valve of the battery pack 320 is opened, the battery pack 320 is connected to the smoke exhaust duct 330 through the pressure relief valve and the smoke inlet 331 corresponding to the battery pack 320. In other words, the connection between the battery pack 320 and the smoke exhaust duct 330 is controlled by controlling the opening or closing of the pressure relief valve. When the battery pack 3201 has thermal runaway, the pressure relief valve of the battery pack 3201 opens, and the high-temperature gas released by the battery pack 3201 is released from the opening of the pressure relief valve of the battery pack 3201 and the smoke inlet 331 into the smoke exhaust duct 330, and then discharged to the external environment through the smoke exhaust port 332 of the smoke exhaust duct 330. The gas flow direction is referenced to Figure 2In addition, the battery pack 3201 will also produce a large amount of electrolyte when thermal runaway occurs. After the electrolyte is released into the exhaust pipe 330 through the opening of the pressure relief valve and the smoke inlet 331, it falls downward in the direction opposite to the z direction under the action of gravity. The vent 339 is set below the exhaust port 332. The high-temperature gas released by the battery pack 3201 can be released to the external environment from the exhaust port 332 at the upper part of the exhaust pipe 330 under the chimney effect, and the electrolyte released by the battery pack 3201 is released to the external environment from the vent 339 at the lower part of the exhaust pipe 330. In addition, due to the setting of the vent 339, the internal and external air pressure balance of the exhaust pipe 330 can be maintained. It is prevented that the high-temperature gas generated by the battery pack 320 is discharged into the smoke exhaust duct 330, causing the internal air pressure of the smoke exhaust duct 330 to drop sharply, causing the smoke exhaust duct 330 to deform, and at the same time, the high-temperature gas generated by the battery pack 320 can be quickly discharged to the external environment, reducing the risk of combustion and explosion of the battery pack 320. In addition, since the battery pack 320 and the smoke inlet 331 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, the high-temperature gas generated by the thermal runaway of a battery pack 320 can be directed into the corresponding smoke inlet 331, which can prevent the high-temperature gas released by the battery pack 320 from spreading inside the battery compartment, thereby preventing the thermal runaway from spreading to other battery packs 320, thereby causing the thermal runaway of the entire energy storage cabinet 300. The directional smoke exhaust duct 330 is arranged in the energy storage cabinet, and the high-temperature smoke will neither gather inside the energy storage cabinet 300 to cause the battery box to explode, nor will it spread from the energy storage cabinet 300 to the inside of the battery pack 320 to cause the occurrence of secondary hazards, thereby improving the safety performance of the energy storage cabinet 300.

[0054] The energy storage cabinet further includes a base 315, which serves as a basic support for the energy storage cabinet 300 and can improve the mechanical structural stability of the energy storage cabinet 300. In addition, the base 315 can prevent the bottom surface of the energy storage cabinet from directly contacting the ground and prevent the energy storage cabinet from getting wet.

[0055] It should be noted that the shape of the smoke exhaust pipe 330 is not limited, and the smoke exhaust pipe 330 can be a cylindrical tubular structure or a cubic tubular structure.

[0056] It should be noted that the shapes and numbers of the smoke exhaust port 332 and the smoke inlet 331 are not limited. For example, the smoke exhaust port 332 and the smoke inlet 331 can be in any shape, which can be, but not limited to, regular shapes such as a circle or a square, or some possible irregular shapes. The number of the smoke exhaust port 332 can be one or more. The smoke inlet 331 can also include multiple smoke inlet holes.

[0057] In order to ensure the smoke exhaust effect, the sum of the areas of the smoke exhaust port 332 and the smoke inlet 331 should be larger than the area through which gas can flow after the pressure relief valve of the battery pack 320 is opened, so as to avoid the accumulation of high-temperature smoke and flammable gases inside the battery pack 320 or inside the smoke exhaust duct 330, thereby causing an explosion.

[0058] The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the type of pressure relief valve on the battery pack 320. For example, the pressure relief valve can be a metal or plastic pressure relief sheet with notches as a pressure relief element. When a certain pressure is reached, the pressure relief sheet ruptures to relieve pressure. The pressure relief valve can also be a waterproof and breathable pressure relief valve. A waterproof and breathable membrane is set in the pressure relief valve. When the battery pack 320 is in a normal working state, the gas inside the battery pack 320 exchanges gas with the outside through the pressure relief valve to maintain the air pressure balance inside the battery pack 320. The waterproof and breathable membrane can prevent dust and water droplets from entering the battery pack 320. When thermal runaway occurs inside the battery pack 320, causing the air pressure inside the battery pack 320 to be too high, the pressure relief valve is in an open state, and the gas inside the battery pack 320 is quickly discharged to relieve pressure. The pressure relief valve can also be a spring-type pressure relief valve, including a valve body, an elastic component and a protective cover. When the air pressure inside the battery pack 320 is extremely high, the elastic component pushes the protective cover open, and the pressure relief valve opens to achieve rapid pressure relief. In addition, the pressure relief valve has the function of positive pressure oxygen blocking. On the one hand, the pressure relief valve can prevent external oxygen from entering the battery pack 320. On the other hand, the gas inside the battery pack 320 can exchange gas with the outside through the pressure relief valve.

[0059] It should be noted that the pressure relief valve can be opened actively. For example, if the air pressure inside the battery pack 320 is too high, the pressure relief valve automatically opens to release the pressure. The pressure relief valve can also be opened passively by connecting to a control module (for example, BMS, Battery Management System, which is used to intelligently manage and maintain the battery). For example, a smoke sensor, a combustible gas sensor, or a temperature sensor can be set inside the battery pack 320. When the above sensors detect abnormal air pressure, gas, or temperature inside the battery pack 320, the BMS controls the pressure relief valve corresponding to the battery pack 320 to open, so that the battery pack 320 is connected to the smoke exhaust duct 330, so as to achieve directional discharge of smoke released by the battery pack 320 during thermal runaway.

[0060] In one example, the smoke exhaust duct 330 and the box body 310 can also be independent components. Figure 4 When the cross section of the smoke exhaust duct 330 is square, the smoke exhaust duct 330 may include four sequentially connected side walls, the first side wall 334 and the second side wall 335 are arranged in parallel, and the second side wall 335 is located between the first side wall 334 and the rear wall 311. The first side wall 334 is connected to the plurality of battery packs 320 ( Figure 4The first side wall 334 is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets 331, and the plurality of smoke inlets 331 correspond to the plurality of battery packs 320 one by one, and each smoke inlet 331 is provided opposite to the pressure relief valve of each battery pack 320. Figure 5 Display Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle A area, a smoke exhaust port 332 is provided on the second side wall 335, and the lower edge of the smoke exhaust port 332 is higher than the upper edge of the smoke inlet 3311 located at the top of the first side wall 334. A plurality of exhaust holes 3111 are provided in the upper area on the rear wall 311, and the projection of the upper area in the x direction is larger than the orthographic projection of the smoke exhaust port 332 in the x direction. When the battery pack 320 has thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas released by the battery pack 320 is released into the smoke exhaust duct 330 through the smoke inlet 331, and then released into the gap between the rear wall 311 and the second side wall 335 through the smoke exhaust port 332 at the upper part of the second side wall 335, and then released to the external environment through the plurality of exhaust holes 3111 provided on the rear wall 311, thereby realizing directional smoke exhaust of the energy storage cabinet 300.

[0061] Continue to refer to Figure 4 There is a gap 316 between the second side wall 335 and the rear wall 311, and the gap 316 is filled with a flame retardant material. When the battery pack 320 has a thermal runaway, the flame retardant material can isolate the rear wall 311 from the exhaust duct 330 filled with high-temperature gas to avoid causing the entire energy storage cabinet 300 to catch fire. The flame retardant material can be rock wool, calcium carbonate board, silicon dioxide, etc., and can also be some flame retardants represented by bromine, nitrogen, red phosphorus and compounds, or flame retardant materials such as antimony trioxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and silicon.

[0062] In another example, in order to better utilize the chimney effect during exhaust, the lower edge of the smoke exhaust port 332 is designed to be higher than the upper edge of the topmost smoke inlet 331 among the multiple smoke inlets 331 .

[0063] Since multiple exhaust holes 3111 and smoke exhaust ports 332 connect the external environment and the smoke exhaust duct 311, when the external environment is rainy, rain and dust may enter the smoke exhaust duct 311 from the multiple exhaust holes 3111 and the smoke exhaust ports 332, and may form water accumulation at the first seal 333, resulting in damage to the sealing structure and a gap between the battery pack 320 and the first side wall 334. When one of the battery packs 320 has thermal runaway, the smoke it releases may be released into the energy storage cabinet 300 through the gap, thereby spreading the thermal runaway to other battery packs 320, resulting in thermal runaway of the entire energy storage cabinet 300. Therefore, in order to prevent rainwater from entering the smoke exhaust duct 330, a labyrinth baffle structure may be set between the rear wall 311 and the second side wall 334. Please continue to refer to Figure 5The first baffle 336 is fixed to the top wall of the box body 310 and is arranged at the multiple smoke exhaust holes 3111. The orthographic projection of the first baffle 336 in the x direction at least covers the orthographic projection of the multiple exhaust holes 3111 in the x direction, ensuring its shielding effect on the smoke exhaust holes 3111.

[0064] In addition, a second baffle 337 is provided at the smoke outlet 332, and the second baffle 337 is fixed to the lower edge of the smoke outlet 332. There is a gap between the first baffle 336 and the second baffle 337, and there is a partial overlap in the orthographic projections of the first baffle 336 and the second baffle in the x direction. In order to reduce the resistance of the first baffle 336 and the second baffle 337 to the smoke when the energy storage cabinet 300 is exhausting smoke in a directional manner, the first baffle 336 and the second baffle 337 are both inclined toward the rear wall. Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the flow direction of the gas inside the battery pack when thermal runaway occurs. The flow direction of the high-temperature smoke released when the battery pack 320 thermal runaway occurs is shown in FIG. Figure 6 Indicated by the direction of the arrow. Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the flow direction of external rainwater. When the external environment is rainy weather, when the external rainwater enters the gap between the rear wall 3111 and the second side wall 335 through the upper part of the exhaust hole 3111, it will be blocked by the first baffle 336. When the external rainwater enters the gap between the rear wall 3111 and the second side wall 335 through the lower part of the exhaust hole 3111, it will be blocked by the second baffle 337, thereby achieving all-round rainwater protection for the smoke exhaust pipe. The reliability and safety of the energy storage cabinet 300 are improved.

[0065] Continue to refer to Figure 5 There are multiple connection modes between the second baffle 337 and the rear wall 311. For example, the second baffle 337 includes a first bending portion 3371, a second bending portion 3372, a third bending portion 3373 and a fourth bending portion 3374, the first bending portion 3371 is inclined toward the rear wall 311, the angle between the first bending portion 3371 and the second bending portion 3372 is an obtuse angle, the second bending portion 3372 is parallel to and connected with the second side wall 335, the third bending portion 3373 is connected between the second bending portion 3372 and the fourth bending portion 3374, and the fourth bending portion 3374 is parallel to and connected with the rear wall 311. The third bending portion 3373 is located below the plurality of exhaust holes 3111, and the third bending portion 3373 divides the space between the rear wall 311 and the second side wall 335 into an upper space and a lower space, and the lower space is filled with a flame retardant material.

[0066] It should be understood that the design of the first baffle 336 and the second baffle 337 can also prevent external foreign matter from entering. For example, in dusty weather, external foreign matter may enter the smoke exhaust duct 330 through the exhaust hole 3111 and the smoke exhaust port 332 under the action of natural wind, and then adhere to the surface of the pressure relief valve through the smoke inlet 331, causing the pressure relief valve to be blocked. Once the battery pack 320 has thermal runaway, the pressure relief valve cannot be opened in time due to blockage, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the battery pack 320 accumulates inside the battery pack 320, causing an explosion. Providing a labyrinth baffle structure at the smoke exhaust hole can play a certain shielding role for foreign matter entering from the outside, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the energy storage cabinet 300.

[0067] In another example, the first baffle 336 is arranged parallel to the rear wall 311, and a plurality of through holes may be provided on the first baffle 336, and the plurality of through holes and the plurality of exhaust holes 3111 are arranged non-overlappingly. In other words, the plurality of through holes and the plurality of exhaust holes 3111 are arranged alternately, and when external rainwater enters, the first baffle 336 can play a certain shielding role against the rainwater. At the same time, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack 320, the through holes can discharge the smoke in time.

[0068] It should be understood that in order to ensure the air pressure balance inside the smoke exhaust duct 330 when exhausting smoke, the smoke exhaust duct 330 is also provided with a vent 339, and the position of the smoke exhaust port 332 on the smoke exhaust duct 330 is higher than the position of the vent 339. For example, the vent 339 can be set on the bottom wall 3301 of the smoke exhaust duct 330, and the bottom wall 330 and the first side wall 334 and the second side wall 335 are all perpendicular. The structure of the vent 339 can refer to Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 for Figure 4 In the enlarged schematic diagram at point B, the vent 339 is set on the bottom wall 3301 of the smoke exhaust duct 330. When the battery pack 320 has thermal runaway, the pressure relief valve of the battery pack 320 opens, and the high-temperature gas released by the battery pack 320 is released from the smoke inlet 331 into the smoke exhaust duct 330, and then discharged to the external environment through the smoke exhaust port 332 of the smoke exhaust duct 330. When the battery pack 320 has thermal runaway, a large amount of electrolyte is released. After the electrolyte is released into the smoke exhaust duct 330 through the opening of the pressure relief valve and the smoke inlet 331, it falls downward under the action of gravity and is then released to the external environment from the vent 339 on the top wall 3301 of the smoke exhaust duct 330.

[0069] The smoke exhaust duct 330 is an independent component relative to the energy storage cabinet 300. The first side wall 334 and the second side wall 335 can be fixed to the inside of the box 310 by welding or other connection methods. In order to further simplify the structural design of the smoke exhaust duct 330 inside the box 310, the smoke exhaust duct 330 can reuse the bottom wall of the energy storage cabinet 300. In order to ensure the sealing between the smoke exhaust duct 330 and the box 310, a second sealing member 3341 can be provided between the bottom surface of the first side wall 334 and the second side wall 335 facing the bottom wall 3301 and the bottom wall. The structural position relationship of the second sealing member 3341 can be further referred to Figure 8 As shown. The vent 339 is located at the bottom wall between the two second seals 3341, which can timely discharge the accumulated water and electrolyte inside the smoke exhaust pipe 330 to the external environment. In addition, the smoke exhaust pipe 330 reuses the bottom wall of the energy storage cabinet 300, eliminating the manufacturing step of drilling again, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0070] In another example, the smoke exhaust duct 330 can be an integrally formed structure with the box body 310, which can effectively simplify the structure of the energy storage cabinet 300. In this case, the rear wall 311 of the box body 310 can serve as the side wall of the smoke exhaust duct 330, and its smoke exhaust port 332 is directly set on the rear wall 311 of the box body 310. This solution can avoid the connection operation between the smoke exhaust port 332 and the exhaust hole of the box body 310, which can effectively simplify the assembly process of the energy storage cabinet 300 and reduce the risk of smoke spilling into the box body 310. The structure of the smoke exhaust duct 330 and the box body can be referred to Fig. 9 The schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage cabinet 300 is shown. The smoke exhaust duct 330 includes a first side wall 334, which is located between the rear wall 311 and the outer wall 321 of the battery pack 320, and a plurality of smoke inlets 331 are arranged on the first side wall 334, and a smoke exhaust port 332 is arranged on the rear wall 311, and the smoke exhaust port 332 can be a plurality of smoke exhaust holes 3111.

[0071] Continue to refer to Fig. 9 In order to prevent external rainwater from entering the smoke exhaust pipe 330, a baffle 3342 is provided between the smoke exhaust port 332 and the first side wall 334, and the angle between the baffle 3342 and the first side wall 334 is an acute angle. The structural position of the baffle 3342 can be referred to Fig.10 , Fig.10 for Fig. 9An enlarged schematic diagram of the middle C area. The baffle 3342 is located between the smoke outlet 332 and the first side wall 334. The baffle 3342 is fixedly connected to the first side wall 334. The angle 1 between the baffle 3342 and the first side wall 334 is an acute angle. In other words, the baffle 3342 is inclined toward the smoke outlet 332. The pressure relief valve of the battery pack 320 located near the smoke outlet 332 is arranged toward the smoke inlet 331 of the first side wall 334. When the external environment is poor, such as in dusty weather, external foreign matter may enter the interior of the smoke exhaust duct 330 through the smoke outlet 332 under the action of natural wind, and then adhere to the surface of the pressure relief valve through the smoke inlet 331, causing the pressure relief valve to be blocked. Once the battery pack 320 has thermal runaway, the pressure relief valve cannot be opened in time due to blockage, and the high-temperature smoke generated by the battery pack 320 gathers inside the battery pack 320, resulting in an explosion. A baffle 3342 inclined toward the smoke exhaust port 332 is provided at the smoke exhaust port 332 to shield foreign matter or rainwater from the outside. After rainwater or foreign matter invade the smoke exhaust duct 330 , they will fall vertically along the baffle 3342 along the smoke exhaust duct 330 .

[0072] It should be understood that the smoke exhaust duct 330 can also reuse the bottom wall of the box body 310, and the first side wall 334 and the rear wall 311 are perpendicular to the bottom wall 3301 of the smoke exhaust duct 330. In order to improve the sealing between the first side wall 334 and the box body 310, a second sealing member is provided between the bottom surface of the first side wall 334 facing the bottom wall 3301 and the bottom wall, and a vent 339 is provided on the bottom wall, and the vent 339 is located between the rear wall and the second sealing member.

[0073] In another example, the smoke exhaust duct 330 may not reuse the bottom wall of the box. For example, the first side wall 334 is a sheet metal part, and the first side wall includes three parts, and the three parts are bent in a "Z" shape. The first part 3342 is arranged in parallel with the rear wall 311, and the first part 3342 is provided with multiple smoke inlets 331. The second part 3344 serves as the bottom wall of the smoke exhaust duct 330, and the third part 3345 is fixedly connected to the rear wall 311. The vent 339 can be arranged on the rear wall 311. For example, the vent 339 is arranged in the upper area of ​​the junction of the rear wall 311 and the bottom wall 3344 of the smoke exhaust duct. The structure of the vent 339 can refer to Fig.11 , Fig.11 for Fig. 9 The second portion 3344 can be designed to be tilted downward, that is, the angle between the second portion 3344 and the first portion 3343 is an obtuse angle, and the angle between the second portion 3344 and the rear wall 311 is an acute angle. When rainwater seeps into the smoke exhaust duct 330, it can slide out from the vent 339 along the slope of the second portion 3344 and be discharged to the external environment.

[0074] In another example, the smoke exhaust port 332 may be disposed on the top wall of the smoke exhaust pipe 330. The structural diagram of the smoke exhaust pipe 330 may refer to Fig.12 As shown. The smoke exhaust duct 330 includes a top wall 3302, a bottom wall 3301, a first side wall 334 and a second side wall 335. The bottom wall 3301 and the top wall 3302 are arranged in parallel. The bottom wall 3301 and the top wall 3302 intersect with the first side wall 334 and the second side wall 335. The first side wall 334 is arranged in parallel with the outer wall of the battery pack 320. A plurality of smoke inlets 331 are arranged on the first side wall 334. The top wall 3302 is provided with a smoke exhaust port 332. The bottom wall 3301 is provided with a vent 339. When the battery pack 320 has thermal runaway, the high-temperature smoke released is discharged to the external environment from the smoke exhaust port 332 of the top wall 3302. The released electrolyte or the accumulated water inside the smoke exhaust duct 330 can be discharged to the external environment through the vent 339 of the bottom wall 3301.

[0075] It should be understood that the second side wall 335 can reuse the rear wall 311 of the energy storage cabinet 300 to simplify the structural design of the energy storage cabinet 300 .

[0076] Fig.13 for Fig.12 The cross-sectional view of the middle E region shows the structure of the first seal 333. The other end of the first seal 333 includes an inner wall 3331 and an outer wall 3332 that are arranged opposite to each other. The inner wall 3331 is arranged toward the smoke inlet 331. The lower edge of the inner wall 3331 of the first seal is on the same horizontal plane as the lower edge 3311 of the smoke inlet 331, or the lower edge of the inner wall 3331 of the first seal 333 is higher than the lower edge of the smoke inlet 331. If external rainwater enters the smoke exhaust duct 333, it may adhere to the inner wall 3331 of the first seal 3311 through the smoke inlet 331. If the lower edge of the inner wall 3331 of the first seal 333 is lower than the lower edge of the smoke inlet 331, rainwater will accumulate on the inner wall 3331 of the first seal 333, which may cause the first seal 333 to fail over a long period of time, and then the seal fails, and directional smoke exhaust cannot be achieved. Therefore, the lower edge of the inner wall 3331 of the first seal 333 is designed to be no lower than the lower edge of the smoke inlet 331. When external rainwater enters, it can slide from the inner wall 3331 of the first seal 333 into the smoke exhaust duct, and then be discharged to the external environment through the vent 339, thereby improving the reliability of the energy storage cabinet 300.

[0077] In another example, the first side wall 334 includes a plurality of protrusions 3346 facing the outer wall 321 of the battery pack 320. The structure of the protrusions 3346 can be further referred to. Fig.12 and Fig.13The raised portion 3346 has a hollow structure, each raised portion 3346 has a smoke inlet, and the sum of the height of the raised portion 3346 and the thickness of the first sealing member 333 is greater than or equal to the height of the pressure relief valve protruding from the outer wall 321 of the battery pack 320; the periphery of the raised portion 3346 abuts against the other end of the first sealing member 333. The raised portion 3346 and the first sealing member 333 together form a smoke inlet channel between the first side wall 334 and the outer wall 321 of the battery pack 320. By designing the raised portion 3346, it is possible to better adapt to pressure relief valves of different heights of different models of battery packs 320, thereby improving the flexibility of the energy storage cabinet 300 and the richness of application scenarios.

[0078] It should be noted that the protrusion 3346 and the first side wall 334 can be an integrally formed one-piece, and such a design can enhance the firmness and sealing of the smoke exhaust duct 330. In another example, the protrusion 3346 and the first side wall 334 can also be independent components and fixedly connected by welding or other means.

[0079] In another example, the structure of the energy storage cabinet 300 can refer to Figure 3 , the smoke exhaust port 332 can also be arranged on the left wall 312 and the right wall 313 of the box body 310, the left wall 312 and the right wall 313 of the energy storage cabinet are arranged in parallel along the y direction, and the door of the energy storage cabinet and the rear side wall are arranged in parallel along the x direction. The smoke exhaust duct 330 is located between the battery pack 320 and the rear side wall. When the cross-section of the smoke exhaust duct 330 is square, the smoke exhaust duct 330 includes four side walls connected in sequence, wherein the first side wall 334 and the second side wall 335 are arranged in parallel along the x direction, and the third side wall 3303 and the fourth side wall 3304 are arranged in parallel along the y direction. That is to say, the first side wall 334 is arranged in parallel with the battery pack 320, and the second side wall 335 is arranged in parallel with the rear wall. The smoke exhaust port 332 can be arranged on the third side wall 3303 or the fourth side wall 3304, and accordingly, the exhaust hole can be arranged on the left wall 312 or the right wall 313 of the box body 310. A pipe is arranged between the exhaust hole and the smoke exhaust port to achieve communication between the two.

[0080] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides an energy storage system, which includes the above-mentioned energy storage cabinet and a power converter, the power converter is used to convert the AC power output by an external AC power supply into DC power and output it to the energy storage cabinet, and / or the power converter is used to convert the DC power output by the energy storage cabinet into AC power and output it to a load or a power grid.

[0081] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a directional smoke exhaust assembly for an energy storage device, the energy storage device includes a plurality of battery packs, the directional smoke exhaust assembly includes a smoke exhaust duct, the smoke exhaust duct is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets, and the plurality of battery packs and the plurality of smoke inlets correspond one to one; each battery pack is provided with a pressure relief valve, and after the pressure relief valve of each battery pack is opened, each battery pack is connected to the smoke exhaust duct. The directional smoke exhaust assembly can be located inside the energy storage device or outside the energy storage device. On the one hand, the smoke exhaust duct can be connected to the battery pack inside the energy storage device, and on the other hand, the smoke exhaust duct can be connected to a water tank. When a battery pack has thermal runaway, the high-temperature smoke generated by the battery pack can be transferred to the water tank through the smoke exhaust duct to prevent smoke from accumulating in the battery pack and causing fire or explosion accidents.

[0082] The above are only specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A directional smoke exhaust energy storage cabinet, characterized in that: The energy storage cabinet comprises a box body, the box body is provided with a box door, the box door is arranged parallel to the rear wall of the box body, the box body is used to accommodate a plurality of stacked battery packs and a smoke exhaust duct, the smoke exhaust duct is arranged between the rear wall and the plurality of battery packs, and the smoke exhaust duct extends along the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs; The smoke exhaust duct is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets, smoke exhaust outlets and ventilation outlets, the smoke exhaust outlets and the ventilation outlets are both connected to the external environment of the energy storage cabinet, and the position of the smoke exhaust outlet on the smoke exhaust duct is higher than the position of the ventilation outlet; The multiple smoke inlets are arranged at intervals along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, at least some of the multiple battery packs are provided with pressure relief valves on the outer wall facing the smoke exhaust duct, a first seal is provided between the pressure relief valve and the smoke inlet, the first seal includes two ends arranged in parallel along the spacing direction between the rear wall and the box door, an opening at one end of the first seal covers the outer periphery of the pressure relief valve, and an opening at the other end of the first seal covers the outer periphery of the smoke inlet.

2. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke exhaust duct includes two side walls arranged in parallel, one of which is arranged in parallel with the outer wall of the battery pack, and the other side wall is located between the one of the side walls and the rear wall; One of the side walls is provided with the multiple smoke inlets, and the multiple smoke inlets correspond to the multiple battery packs one by one, and the other side wall is provided with the smoke exhaust port.

3. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 2, characterized in that: There is a gap between the other side wall and the rear wall, and the gap is filled with a flame retardant material.

4. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The lower edge of the smoke exhaust port is higher than the upper edge of the topmost smoke inlet port among the plurality of smoke inlets.

5. The energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: A partial area of ​​the rear wall is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, and the orthographic projection of the partial area in the spacing direction between the rear wall and the door covers the orthographic projection of the smoke exhaust port in the spacing direction between the rear wall and the door.

6. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first baffle is provided between the rear wall and the other side wall, and the orthographic projection of the first baffle in the spacing direction between the rear wall and the door at least covers the orthographic projection of the plurality of exhaust holes in the spacing direction between the rear wall and the door.

7. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second baffle is provided at the smoke exhaust port, and there is a partial overlapping area in the orthographic projections of the first baffle and the second baffle in the spacing direction between the rear wall and the box door.

8. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first baffle is fixed to the top wall of the box body and is inclined toward the rear wall, and the second baffle is fixed to the lower edge of the smoke exhaust port and is inclined toward the rear wall.

9. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first baffle is arranged in parallel with the rear wall. A plurality of through holes are arranged on the first baffle, and the plurality of through holes and the plurality of exhaust holes are arranged without overlapping.

10. The energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that: The smoke exhaust duct comprises a bottom wall, the two side walls are perpendicular to the bottom wall, and a second sealing member is disposed between the bottom surfaces of the two side walls facing the bottom wall and the bottom wall; The vent is provided on the bottom wall, and the vent is located between two of the second sealing members.

11. The energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that: One of the side walls comprises a plurality of protrusions facing the outer wall of each of the battery packs, the protrusions are provided with a hollow structure, each protrusion is provided with the smoke inlet, and the sum of the height of the protrusions and the thickness of the first sealing member is greater than or equal to the height of the pressure relief valve protruding from the outer wall of the battery pack; The peripheral edge of the protrusion abuts against the other end of the first sealing member.

12. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke exhaust duct includes a side wall, the side wall is located between the rear wall and the outer wall of the battery pack, the side wall is provided with the multiple smoke inlets, and the rear wall is provided with the smoke exhaust outlet.

13. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 12, characterized in that: A baffle is provided between the smoke exhaust port and the side wall, and the included angle between the baffle and the side wall is an acute angle.

14. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: The side wall is perpendicular to the bottom wall of the smoke exhaust duct, and a second sealing member is provided between the bottom surface of the side wall facing the bottom wall and the bottom wall; The vent is provided on the bottom wall, and the vent is located between the rear wall and the second sealing member.

15. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: The rear wall and the bottom wall of the smoke exhaust duct are perpendicular to each other, and the ventilation opening is arranged in the upper area of ​​the junction of the rear wall and the bottom wall.

16. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke exhaust duct includes a top wall, a bottom wall and a side wall, the bottom wall and the top wall are arranged in parallel, the bottom wall and the top wall intersect with the side wall, the side wall is arranged parallel to the outer wall of the battery pack, the side wall is provided with the multiple smoke inlets, the top wall is provided with the smoke exhaust port, and the bottom wall is provided with the ventilation port.

17. The energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that: The other end of the first sealing member includes an inner wall and an outer wall arranged opposite to each other, the inner wall is arranged toward the smoke inlet, the lower edge of the inner wall of the first sealing member is on the same horizontal plane as the lower edge of the smoke inlet, or the lower edge of the inner wall of the first sealing member is higher than the lower edge of the smoke inlet.

18. An energy storage system, characterized in that: The energy storage system includes the energy storage cabinet and the power converter according to any one of claims 1 to 17 above, wherein the power converter is used to convert the AC power output by an external AC power supply into DC power and output it to the energy storage cabinet, and / or the power converter is used to convert the DC power output by the energy storage cabinet into AC power and output it to a load or a power grid.

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