A beam-slab integrated pre-assembled floor support plate structure suitable for secondary decoration

Abstract

The utility model discloses a beam -slab integrated pre -installed floor support plate structure suitable for secondary decoration belongs to the technical field of fabricated building. The floor support plate structure includes the bending plate, the hanging muscle, the main keel sub -assembly, the secondary keel, the sound absorption layer, the base plate layer, the noise reduction layer, the leveling layer and the sound absorption dust layer. Among them, the bending plate of section is the channel type structure and opens downward, and the bottom is connected through the end face hanging muscle, and the upper portion is fixedly connected with the base plate layer. The noise reduction layer and the leveling layer are fixedly connected above the base plate layer. The bottom of hanging muscle is connected with the secondary keel through the main keel sub -assembly. The bottom of secondary keel is connected with the sound absorption dust layer and forms the load -bearing structure for installing the sound absorption layer. The floor support plate structure is provided with the cavity and is convenient for wiring and installs various pipelines, and is suitable for secondary decoration. Meanwhile, the point contact is changed from the hard surface contact between the adjacent bending plate, and the middle is filled with the flexible sound insulation sealing material, and the structure abnormal sound produced due to thermal expansion and cold shrinkage can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of prefabricated building technology, specifically relating to a prefabricated floor deck structure with integrated beams and slabs suitable for secondary decoration. Background Technology

[0002] Floor decking is a crucial load-bearing component in building structures, playing a vital role in supporting the floor's weight. Generally, it is made of galvanized steel sheets or other metal materials, cold-bent into V-shaped, U-shaped, or trapezoidal corrugated cross-sections for use in floor or roof load-bearing. For prefabricated buildings, especially steel structure buildings, the superior structural performance of floor decking is key to improving construction efficiency and ensuring building safety.

[0003] For certain specialized buildings, such as villas and shops, there is often a significant need for secondary renovations. Prefabricated buildings suitable for these specific needs should offer excellent ease of modification. In particular, the ease of modification for floor decking, which involves ceiling installation and the hoisting of various pipelines, is crucial to the building's ability to better meet these renovation requirements. However, current prefabricated building technologies focus less on these needs. Furthermore, in most buildings, steel floor decking is integrally cast with concrete. While this type of floor decking offers greater load-bearing capacity, it requires concrete pouring (wetting) during fabrication and construction, and also makes secondary renovations less convenient and more difficult.

[0004] Furthermore, sound insulation is a key technical performance indicator for evaluating building quality and directly impacting user experience. For users inside a building, noise primarily originates from two sources: noise from inside and outside the building, and noise generated by the building itself. For steel-structured prefabricated buildings, the noise generated by the building itself is more severe than that of concrete buildings. A significant portion of the noise generated by steel-structured buildings comes from structural creaking caused by thermal expansion and contraction at metal joints. Traditional methods for improving sound insulation mainly involve adding sound insulation layers to block noise transmission. However, for steel-structured prefabricated buildings that extensively use metal materials and have numerous large-area connection structures, the effect is clearly relatively limited. Utility Model Content

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] This utility model aims to solve one of the following technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies:

[0007] Existing floor decking used in prefabricated steel structure buildings suffers from several drawbacks, including poor ease of modification, inability or difficulty in secondary renovation, and limited sound insulation effect in reducing structural noise.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides an integrated prefabricated floor deck structure for beams and slabs suitable for secondary decoration. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0010] A prefabricated floor deck structure integrating beams and slabs suitable for secondary renovation includes a bent plate 1, a sound-absorbing layer 4, a base plate layer 7, a noise reduction layer 8, a leveling layer 9, and a sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer 16.

[0011] The bending plate 1 has a flat back surface 1-1, flat side surfaces 1-2 that are bent vertically in the same direction on both sides of the back surface 1-1, and end surfaces 1-3 that are bent vertically towards each other and in contact at the ends of the side surfaces 1-2; an opening 1-4 is formed between the two end surfaces 1-3 to form an open cavity.

[0012] The substrate layer 7, noise reduction layer 8 and leveling layer 9 are fixedly connected from bottom to top with the back side 1-1 of the bent plate 1 as the bottom surface;

[0013] The sound-absorbing layer 4 is disposed on the sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer 16;

[0014] The sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer 16 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the bent plate 1, forming the bearing surface of the sound-absorbing layer 4;

[0015] Below the inner wall of the back side 1-1 of the bent plate 1, a cavity D2 is formed above the sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer 16.

[0016] Preferably, a plurality of the bending plates 1 are arranged side by side with gaps; the sides 1-2 of adjacent bending plates 1 are connected by connecting bolts I11 that pass through the gaps, and foam 13, foam 14 and sealant 15 are provided in the gaps.

[0017] More preferably, the connecting bolt I11 is further provided with a washer 12 located within the gap.

[0018] More preferably, the expanding foam 13 is wrapped around the outer periphery of the gasket 12; the foam 14 is located outside the expanding foam 13; and the sealant 15 is located outside the foam 14.

[0019] Preferably, the floor deck structure further includes suspension rods 2, main keel assembly 3, and secondary keel 5;

[0020] The upper end of the suspension rod 2 is fixedly connected to the end face 1-3, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the main keel assembly 3.

[0021] The main keel assembly 3 includes a main keel 3-3 and a connector 3-1 sleeved and fixed on the main keel 3-3;

[0022] The secondary keel 5 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the main keel assembly 3.

[0023] Preferably, the main keel 3-3 and the secondary keel 5 are perpendicular; the connector 3-1 has a top plane and a bottom plane, the top plane has a through hole for connecting the suspension rod 2, and the bottom plane has a through hole for connecting with the secondary keel 5; the top surface of the secondary keel 5 has a through hole for connecting the main keel assembly 3, and the bottom and / or side surfaces have pre-set connection points for installing the hoisted object.

[0024] Preferably, the main keel 3-3 is an I-beam, C-beam, or square steel; the secondary keel 5 is an I-beam, C-beam, square steel, or Z-shaped steel.

[0025] Preferably, the floor deck structure further includes a top decorative panel 6 and a floor decorative panel 10; the top decorative panel 6 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer 16 as the ceiling decorative surface of the lower floor; the floor decorative panel 10 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the leveling layer 9 as the floor decorative surface of the upper floor.

[0026] Preferably, the floor deck structure further includes a heating layer 19 and an aluminum foil layer 17; the heating layer 19 is fixedly installed under the leveling layer 9; the aluminum foil layer is disposed between the heating layer 19 and the leveling layer 9.

[0027] Preferably, the first layer is a single layer, while the leveling layer 9 is a double layer.

[0028] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects obtained by this utility model are as follows:

[0030] I. The floor decking structure of this utility model uses a downward-opening bent plate as a structural support and connecting component. The upper part of the bent plate is connected to a base plate layer, a noise reduction layer, and a leveling layer to form the main floor slab structure that bears planar loads. At the bottom of the bent plate, it is connected to a joist via hangers and other components to form a beam structure. This results in an integrated beam-slab structure, significantly improving the efficiency of building assembly.

[0031] II. In the floor decking structure of this utility model, there are gaps between the connecting surfaces of adjacent bent plates, directly avoiding large-area connections of numerous metal components, which helps reduce structural noise from the building itself. The bent plates with straight sides are connected by bolts and expanding foam using a metal-point contact method, reducing the large contact area present in traditional snap-fit ​​connections, thus facilitating the reduction of structural noise caused by thermal expansion and contraction. Simultaneously, this connection method also helps to isolate the transmission of structural noise to the metal components, thereby reducing the noise impact of existing structural noise. Furthermore, the expanding foam helps to release the deformation of the metal components, reducing the extrusion deformation caused by deformation; similarly, this structure also helps to slow down the vibration transmission of the metal components. A sealant is also provided on the outside of the foam, which helps to enhance the airtightness of the joints.

[0032] 3. The downward-opening bent slab is connected to the main keel via suspension rods. The main keel is then connected to the secondary keel, forming a regular and relatively large cavity in the lower part of the floor decking structure. This facilitates open wiring and the installation of various conduits. During the installation of various conduits, the end faces or sides of the bent slab can be used for connection, greatly improving space utilization and increasing the convenience of secondary renovations. Simultaneously, the bottom main and secondary keels facilitate the installation of hanging points, which is beneficial for adding various hanging objects and constructing irregularly shaped ceilings. Furthermore, no wet-laying work is required, which is conducive to secondary renovations.

[0033] Fourth, the floor decking structure of this utility model can be pre-assembled as a whole according to usage requirements, thereby greatly shortening the construction cycle and reducing the labor intensity during the construction process. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the amount of dust, noise and construction waste at the construction site, and reduce the pollution of the environment caused by construction. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this utility model, are used to provide a further understanding of the utility model. The illustrative embodiments of the utility model and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the utility model. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the floor deck structure in the first preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically.

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section within the dashed box A.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the bent plate in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4This is a structural diagram of the main keel assembly in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the floor deck structure in the second preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically.

[0040] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of the area within the dashed box B.

[0041] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the floor deck structure in the third preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically.

[0042] The reference numerals used in the above figures are as follows:

[0043] 1. Bending board; 2. Hanging rod; 3. Main keel assembly; 4. Sound-absorbing layer; 5. Secondary keel; 6. Top decorative panel; 7. Base plate layer; 8. Noise reduction layer; 9. Leveling layer; 10. Floor decorative panel; 11. Connecting bolt I; 12. Washer; 13. Expanding foam; 14. Foam; 15. Sealant; 16. Sound-absorbing and dustproof layer; 17. Aluminum foil layer; 18. Screw; 19. Heating layer;

[0044] 1-1, Back side; 1-2, Side side; 1-3, End face; 1-4, Opening;

[0045] 3-1, Connecting parts; 3-2, Connecting bolts II; 3-3, Main keel;

[0046] D1, indoor suspended object; D2, cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0048] In the following description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and "vertical" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0049] In the following description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] Furthermore, in the following description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "multiple", "multiple groups", and "multiple roots" mean two or more.

[0051] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the floor deck structure in the first preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section within the dashed box A. From Figure 1 and Figure 2 As can be seen, in this preferred embodiment, the middle part of the floor deck structure consists of multiple bent plates 1 arranged side by side. Above the bent plates 1 are, in sequence, a base layer 7, a noise reduction layer 8, a leveling layer 9, and a floor decorative panel 10. These multiple layers are fixedly connected to form the floor of the upper floor. The lower part of the bent plates 1 is fixedly connected to the main keel assembly 3 via suspension rods 2, and the bottom of the main keel assembly 3 is fixedly connected to the secondary keel 5. At the bottom of the floor deck structure, a sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer 16 is provided, fixedly connected to the secondary keel 5, and a sound-absorbing layer 4 is installed on top of the sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer 16. A top decorative panel 6 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer 16, serving as the ceiling decoration surface for the lower floor. Below the top decorative panel 6, indoor suspended items such as lighting fixtures D1 can be installed.

[0052] The floor decking forms a cavity D2 between the lower part of the bent plate 1 and the upper part of the sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer 16. During secondary renovations, the cavity D2 can be used for wiring and the installation of various pipes, greatly increasing the ease of modifying the floor decking structure. Furthermore, through… Figure 2It is known that there is a gap between the sides of the side-by-side bent plates 1, and two adjacent bent plates 1 are rigidly connected by connecting bolts I 11. To ensure the stability of the connection and control the width of the gap, a gasket 12 is inserted into the gap through the connecting bolts I 11. At the same time, there is also a foam 13 wrapped around the outer periphery of the gasket 12, a foam 14 located outside the foam 13, and a sealant 15 sealing the foam 14. Thus, the adjacent gaps of the bent plates 1 are mainly filled by flexible foam 13, foam 14, and other materials, which effectively reduces the contact area of ​​the metal bent plates 1. This avoids the compression and structural noise caused by structural deformation due to thermal expansion and contraction, and also blocks the transmission of existing structural noise between the metal bent plates 1, which helps to reduce building noise.

[0053] In the lower part of the floor decking structure, the main keel uses C-shaped steel and is set parallel to the direction of the bent plate 1, while the bottom secondary keel 5 uses Z-shaped steel and is perpendicular to the direction of the main keel. The top surface of the secondary keel 5 is fixedly connected to the main keel assembly 3 with bolts, and the two side flanges are fixedly connected to the sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer 16 to form a load-bearing structure for installing the sound-absorbing layer 4. At the same time, the two side flanges of the secondary keel 5 can also be directly fixedly connected to the bottom top decorative panel 6 with bolts. In the upper layer structure of the bent plate 1, the base plate layer 7 and the leveling layer 9 are made of the same inorganic board, and the base plate layer 7 is a single layer, while the leveling layer 9 is a double layer. The base plate layer 7 is directly fixedly connected to the bent plate 1 with screws 18, and the layered structure above the base plate layer 7 can be fixedly connected by bonding or other existing methods.

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the bent plate in a preferred embodiment of this utility model. Figure 3 As can be seen, in this preferred embodiment, the bending plate 1 has a channel-type structure, with a flat back surface 1-1 and side surfaces 1-2 that are bent perpendicularly in the same direction on both sides of the back surface 1-1. At the ends of the side surfaces 1-2, there are narrow end faces 1-3 that are bent towards each other but do not contact each other. Thus, the bending plate 1, through the back surface 1-1, side surfaces 1-2, and end faces 1-3, forms an open cavity with a relatively large opening 1-4. During use, to facilitate the formation of the cavity D2, the opening 1-4 of the bending plate 1 is positioned downwards.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the main keel assembly in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4As can be seen, in this preferred embodiment, the main keel assembly 3 mainly consists of three parts: a C-shaped main keel 3-3, a connector 3-1 sleeved and fixed on the main keel 3-3, and a connecting bolt II 3-2. The connector 3-1 has a rectangular cross-section, with a notch in its upper right part for easy connection with the hanger 2. The upper surface of the connector 3-1 has a through hole for connection with the hanger 2, while the bottom has a through hole for connection with the secondary keel 5. To increase the stability of the assembly, the connecting bolt II 3-2, located on the upper part of the main keel 3-3, connects and fixes the two vertical sides of the connector 3-1.

[0056] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the floor deck structure in the second preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically. Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a section within the dashed box B. Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that the main structure of this implementation method is similar to... Figure 1 The structures shown are basically the same, except that, to ensure heating needs in cold northern regions, an aluminum foil layer 17 and a heating layer 19 are laid sequentially under the leveling layer 9 of the floor deck structure. The heating layer 19 can use existing geothermal modules, and geothermal pipes can be installed directly. After connecting to the building's heating system, geothermal heating can be provided directly.

[0057] Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view of the floor decking structure according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. From Figure 7 It can be seen that, in this preferred embodiment, the arrangement of the left side portion is similar to... Figure 1 The same as the embodiment shown. The right side is adjusted to meet the need to increase the installation height of the indoor suspended object D1, omitting the suspension rod 2 and the main keel assembly 3, and directly connecting the cross-section 1-3 of the bent plate 1 to the secondary keel 5 using bolts. This reduces the thickness of the cavity D2, allowing the suspended object to be installed higher and increasing the indoor net height. In addition, the floor decking structure can also omit the suspension rod 2 and the main keel assembly 3 as a whole, using the secondary keel 5 to fix and connect to the end face 1-3 of the bent plate 1. Furthermore, in some cases, all suspension rods 2, main keel assemblies 3 and secondary keels 5 can be omitted, and the bent plate 1 and the top decorative panel 6 can be directly connected by bolts.

[0058] The manufacturing and construction process of the above floor decking structure is as follows:

[0059] First, determine the specifications, dimensions, and quantity of the floor deck structure and its components based on the specific architectural design and construction requirements;

[0060] Second, manufacture the bent plate and create connection nodes at predetermined locations on the bent plate. For example, through holes, rivet bolts, etc.

[0061] Third, connect adjacent bent plates. Specifically, first, attach foam to the edge of the area where expanding foam needs to be applied, then thread in the gaskets and bolts and tighten them, creating a space for applying the foam by squeezing the foam from both sides. Subsequently, apply expanding foam into the space, and after the foam has solidified, apply sealant to the outside of the foam.

[0062] Fourth, fix the base plate layer on the back of the bent plate, and install the structures above the base plate layer in sequence, such as the noise reduction layer and the leveling layer.

[0063] Fifth, after installing the structure below the floor decking structure (e.g., main keel components, secondary keels, top decorative panels, etc.) to form the bearing surface for functional layers such as sound-absorbing layers, lay the sound-absorbing layers and other functional layers.

[0064] Sixth, use the suspension rods to connect the main keel components and the bent plates, install the upper and lower parts and then seal them (before sealing, you can also install the ceiling hoisting equipment or various pipelines in the cavity of the bent plates as needed), and finally transport them to the construction site.

[0065] Seventh, after removing the encapsulation material from the floor deck structure at the construction site, hoist it to the predetermined location for connection.

[0066] The above-mentioned floor decking structure can be quickly installed to the building's facade structure via the main and secondary joists at the bottom. When the building requires secondary renovation, simply remove the top decorative panel, sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer, and sound-absorbing layer at the bottom of the secondary joists to open the cavity at the bottom of the floor decking structure. During the renovation process, this cavity can be used for wiring and various pipe installations. Connection points for wiring and pipes can be set on the bent boards, main joists, and secondary joists, or holes can be drilled directly at the desired locations. After installation, the top decorative panel, sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer, and sound-absorbing layer can be reinstalled to conceal the wiring within the cavity, resulting in a convenient, neat, and aesthetically pleasing installation.

[0067] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated floor decking structure integrating beams and slabs suitable for secondary renovation, characterized in that, It includes a bent plate (1), a sound-absorbing layer (4), a substrate layer (7), a noise reduction layer (8), a leveling layer (9), and a sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer (16). The bending plate (1) has a flat back surface (1-1), a flat side surface (1-2) that is bent vertically in the same direction on both sides of the back surface (1-1), and an end face (1-3) that is bent vertically towards each other and in contact at the ends of the side surface (1-2); an opening (1-4) of an open cavity is formed between the two end faces (1-3). The substrate layer (7), noise reduction layer (8) and leveling layer (9) are fixedly connected from bottom to top with the back side (1-1) of the bent plate (1) as the bottom surface; The sound-absorbing layer (4) is arranged on top of the sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer (16); The sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer (16) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the bent plate (1) to form the bearing surface of the sound-absorbing layer (4); A cavity (D2) is formed below the inner wall of the back side (1-1) of the bent plate (1) and above the sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer (16).

2. The prefabricated beam-slab integrated floor decking structure suitable for secondary decoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple bending plates (1) are arranged side by side with gaps; the sides (1-2) of adjacent bending plates (1) are connected by connecting bolts I (11) that pass through the gap, and foam (13), foam (14) and sealant (15) are provided in the gap.

3. The prefabricated beam-slab integrated floor decking structure suitable for secondary renovation as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting bolt I (11) is also provided with a washer (12) located within the gap.

4. The prefabricated beam-slab integrated floor decking structure suitable for secondary renovation as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The expanding foam (13) is wrapped around the outer periphery of the gasket (12); the foam (14) is located outside the expanding foam (13); and the sealant (15) is located outside the foam (14).

5. The prefabricated beam-slab integrated floor decking structure suitable for secondary renovation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes suspension rods (2), main keel assembly (3), and secondary keel (5); The upper end of the suspension rod (2) is fixedly connected to the end face (1-3), and the lower end is fixedly connected to the main keel assembly (3); The main keel assembly (3) includes a main keel (3-3) and a connector (3-1) sleeved and fixed on the main keel (3-3). The secondary keel (5) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the main keel assembly (3).

6. The prefabricated beam-slab integrated floor decking structure suitable for secondary renovation as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The main keel (3-3) and the secondary keel (5) are perpendicular; the connector (3-1) has a top plane and a bottom plane, the top plane has a through hole for connecting the suspension rod (2), and the bottom plane has a through hole for connecting with the secondary keel (5); the top surface of the secondary keel (5) has a through hole for connecting the main keel assembly (3), and the bottom and / or side surfaces have pre-set connection points for installing the hoisting object.

7. The prefabricated beam-slab integrated floor deck structure suitable for secondary decoration according to claim 5, wherein the main keel (3-3) is an I-beam, C-beam, or square steel; and the secondary keel (5) is an I-beam, C-beam, square steel, or Z-shaped steel.

8. The prefabricated beam-slab integrated floor decking structure suitable for secondary renovation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a top decorative panel (6) and a floor decorative panel (10); the top decorative panel (6) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sound-absorbing and dust-proof layer (16) as the ceiling decorative surface of the lower floor; the floor decorative panel (10) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the leveling layer (9) as the floor decorative surface of the upper floor.

9. The prefabricated beam-slab integrated floor decking structure suitable for secondary renovation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a heating layer (19) and an aluminum foil layer (17); the heating layer (19) is fixedly installed under the leveling layer (9); the aluminum foil layer is located between the heating layer (19) and the leveling layer (9).

10. The prefabricated beam-slab integrated floor decking structure suitable for secondary decoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate layer (7) is a single layer, and the leveling layer (9) is a double layer.

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