Heating arrangement, exhaust gas treatment system with the heating arrangement, vehicle with the exhaust gas treatment system and method for a heating arrangement

Abstract

A heating arrangement (400) for an evaporator device (130) is presented, which is arranged downstream of a turbine rotor (123) of a turbo device. The evaporator device (130) is arranged radially within a turbo section (145) of an exhaust duct such that -- a first part (102a) of the exhaust gases flows through the evaporator device and -- a second part (102b) of the exhaust gases flows through a passage formed between an outer wall (131) of the evaporator device and an inner wall (141) of the exhaust gas line. The heating system is designed to maintain a temperature T eva a wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device, a temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases and / or a temperature T tot to increase the mixed first and second part downstream of the evaporator device by using one or more of the following devices: -- an electric heating device (410) and -- an oxidation catalyst (420) designed to oxidize hydrocarbons (431) in transit.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a heating arrangement for heating parts of an exhaust gas treatment system, in particular for heating an evaporator device of an exhaust gas treatment system. The present invention further relates to an exhaust gas treatment system comprising the heating arrangement, a vehicle comprising the exhaust gas treatment system, and a method for the heating arrangement.

[0002] The invention further relates to a computer program and a computer program product that carry out the method according to the invention. background

[0003] The following background description is a description of the background of the present invention and therefore does not necessarily represent the prior art.

[0004] In connection with the increased interest of governments in environmental pollution and air quality, especially in urban areas, emission standards and regulations for emissions from combustion engines have been developed in many countries.

[0005] These emission standards often include requirements that define permissible limits for exhaust emissions from combustion engines in, for example, vehicles. For instance, the emission limits for nitrogen oxides (NOx) are specified. x , hydrocarbons C x H yCarbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) are frequently regulated by these standards for most vehicle types. Vehicles with internal combustion engines typically produce such emissions to varying degrees. This document describes the invention primarily for use in vehicles, i.e., for internal combustion engines. However, the invention can be used in virtually any application where internal combustion engines are employed, for example, in vehicles such as ships or aircraft / helicopters.

[0006] In an effort to comply with these emission standards, the exhaust gases caused by the combustion of the internal combustion engine are treated / cleaned.

[0007] A common method for treating exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine involves a so-called catalytic cleaning process, which is why vehicles with internal combustion engines are generally equipped with at least one catalytic converter. There are various types of catalytic converters, and the appropriate type may depend on factors such as the combustion concept, combustion strategies, and / or fuel types used in the vehicles, and / or the types of compounds present in the exhaust stream to be cleaned. With regard to at least nitrogen gases (nitrogen monoxide NO, nitrogen dioxide NO₂), hereinafter referred to as nitrogen oxides NOₓ, the following applies. x In this context, vehicles often have a catalytic converter, in which a reducing agent / additive is added to the exhaust gas stream produced by combustion in the internal combustion engine to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx). x especially to reduce nitrogen gas and water vapor. This is described in more detail below.

[0008] Selective catalytic reduction catalysts (SCR catalysts) are a commonly used type of catalyst for this type of reduction, particularly in trucks. SCR catalysts typically use ammonia (NH3) or a composition from which ammonia can be generated / formed as the reducing agent to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx). x to reduce the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases. The reducing agent, for example urea, is injected into the exhaust stream of the combustion engine by a reducing agent dosing device located upstream of the catalyst. The reducing agent added to the catalyst is adsorbed (stored) in the catalyst in the form of ammonia (NH3), thus initiating a redox reaction between the nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the nitrogen oxides (NOx). x in the exhaust gases and the ammonia NH3 available via the additive. Brief description

[0009] A vaporization device is often arranged on the reducing agent dosing device to accelerate the degradation of urea to ammonia, to mix the reducing agent with the emissions, and / or to vaporize the reducing agent. The vaporization device may, for example, include a hydrolysis catalyst, optionally with a suitable hydrolysis coating, and / or a mixer.

[0010] When the reducing agent is injected into the exhaust gas stream, i.e., when the reducing agent is fed into the exhaust gas treatment system, it is at least partially applied to the evaporator, for example, as a spray. The evaporation of the reducing agent and the reactions that take place at the evaporator consume energy. The temperature of the evaporator is therefore lowered by the evaporation of the reducing agent; that is, it drops due to the energy consumed by the evaporation process.

[0011] A reduced temperature of the vaporizer is generally unfavorable, as the reducing agent can crystallize on the vaporizer at low temperatures. Furthermore, puddles of reducing agent can form on the vaporizer at low temperatures. Crystallized reducing agent and / or liquid reducing agent in puddles do not mix well with the exhaust gases to be cleaned. Therefore, the reduced temperature of the vaporizer caused by the injected reducing agent impairs the efficiency of the downstream SCR catalysts and thus also reduces the efficiency of the entire exhaust gas treatment system.

[0012] One objective of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems mentioned above.

[0013] One objective of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment system.

[0014] This objective is achieved with the aforementioned heating arrangement for an evaporator device, which is located downstream of a turbine rotor of a turbocharger. The turbocharger is mounted on an internal combustion engine to receive and interact with the exhaust gases emitted by the engine and is connected via an exhaust pipe to a downstream component of an exhaust aftertreatment system. The evaporator device is annular in shape and arranged radially within a turbocharger section of the exhaust pipe such that -- a first part of the exhaust gases flows through the evaporator device and is mixed with a reducing agent injected by a reducing agent metering device arranged radially inside the evaporator device; and -- a second part of the exhaust gases flows through a passage formed between an outer wall of the evaporator device and an inner wall of the exhaust pipe; and The heating arrangement comprises one or more of the following devices: -- an electric heating device designed to heat by converting electrical energy E el in heat energy E th and provision of heat energy E th to increase one or more of the following temperatures to the wall of the evaporator device: a temperature T eva a wall of the evaporator device, a temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases and a temperature T tot a mixture of the first part and the second part downstream of the evaporator device; and -- an oxidation catalyst arranged on one or more parts of the outer wall of the evaporator device, and a hydrocarbon metering device arranged in the passage to inject hydrocarbons into the second part of the exhaust gases such that one or more of the following temperatures are increased by oxidation of the hydrocarbons on the oxidation catalyst in the passage: a temperature T eva a wall of the evaporator device, a temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases and a temperature T tot a mixture of the first part and the second part downstream of the evaporator device gases.

[0015] This limits or prevents the temperature of the evaporation device from decreasing due to the evaporation of the reducing agent. This at least partially prevents the reducing agent from crystallizing or forming puddles. The mixing of the reducing agent with the exhaust gases is thus significantly improved. This results in increased efficiency of the downstream SCR catalysts and therefore an overall increase in the efficiency of the entire exhaust gas treatment system. Furthermore, the temperature of the evaporation device can be increased here without affecting other components in the exhaust gas treatment system.

[0016] The electric heating device can, for example, initially be used to provide heat to the vaporization unit, i.e., when the combustion engine, the downstream SCR catalysts, and / or the vaporization unit are cold, such as during a cold start. In these cases, the electric heating device can deliver heat to the vaporization unit more quickly than the oxidation catalyst. Furthermore, using the electric heating device helps to raise the temperature of a cold combustion engine because the engine load increases as the generator produces the electrical current for the electric heating device. This allows the combustion engine to warm up more quickly.

[0017] Once the temperature of the combustion engine, the exhaust gases, the downstream SCR catalysts, and / or the vaporizer has risen, the oxidation catalyst can be efficiently used to supply heat to the vaporizer. Therefore, when the engine, exhaust gases, downstream SCR catalysts, and / or vaporizer are warm, the oxidation catalyst itself can provide enough heat to maintain the vaporizer temperature at a sufficient level, as hydrocarbons contain a significant amount of energy that can be efficiently converted into heat. The oxidation of hydrocarbons at the oxidation catalyst is then a self-sustaining exothermic oxidation process that requires only the input of hydrocarbons to provide the necessary heat.

[0018] The decision as to whether to use only the electric heating device, only the oxidation catalyst, or both the electric heating device and the oxidation catalyst to provide heat for the evaporation device can be based on an energy optimization analysis, so that the heating of the evaporation device is optimized in terms of energy and / or overall efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment system.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the ring-shaped form of the evaporator device is formed by one or more of the following elements: - a cylindrical tube and - a cone-shaped tube whose base lies in a downstream direction.

[0020] The use of such ring-shaped elements in the evaporator makes it easy to separate the exhaust gas stream into the first and second parts. Furthermore, the evaporation of these ring-shaped elements ensures efficient mixing of the reducing agent with the exhaust gases, and thus also efficient reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx). x in the downstream SCR catalysts.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the turbo section of the exhaust pipe comprises one or more of the following elements: - a body of the turbo device around an outlet of the turbo device; - a section of the exhaust pipe extending downstream by a maximum length L from an outlet of the turbo device, wherein the length L lies within a range of 0 to 8 diameters D of the exhaust pipe.

[0022] By positioning the evaporator device in this turbo section of the exhaust pipe, efficient mixing of the reducing agent with the exhaust gases is ensured. This also ensures efficient reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx). x in the downstream SCR catalysts.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the evaporator device extends at least partially along the turbo section of the exhaust pipe.

[0024] The evaporator device can thus be designed to extend substantially radially within the outlet body of the turbocharger and / or up to 8 diameters D of the exhaust pipe extending downstream from the turbocharger outlet. The evaporator device can comprise one, two, or more parts, each located on a portion of the turbocharger section or distributed along the turbocharger section. This achieves efficient mixing of the reducing agent with the exhaust gases, resulting in an efficient reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx). x in the downstream SCR catalysts. This flexible implementation can also be used in many different exhaust gas treatment systems.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the oxidation catalyst comprises one or more of the following elements: - an oxidation catalyst arranged on one or more parts of the outer wall of the evaporator device; and - an oxidation catalyst arranged on at least one substrate which is arranged in the passage and is in thermal contact with the wall of the evaporator device.

[0026] This ensures efficient oxidation of the injected hydrocarbons at the oxidation catalyst in the passage between the evaporator and the exhaust line. This process generates heat, which is transferred to the outer wall of the evaporator and then distributed throughout the evaporator, including its inner wall. This results in efficient heating of the entire evaporator.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the oxidation catalyst has a surface-enlarging shape and a catalytic coating.

[0028] This increases the efficiency of the oxidation of hydrocarbons at the oxidation catalyst in the passage.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the reducing agent metering device is a turbo metering device designed to distribute the reducing agent in an outlet of the turbo device by utilizing a rotation of the turbine rotor of the turbo device.

[0030] A turbo metering device efficiently distributes the reducing agent into an outlet of the turbocharger by utilizing the rotation of the turbine rotor. The reducing agent is fed to a distribution device designed to rotate with the turbine rotor as exhaust gas flows through it, ensuring efficient mixing of the reducing agent with the exhaust gas. This also results in the efficient reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx). xin the downstream SCR catalysts.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the reducing agent metering device is arranged downstream of the turbo device within the turbo section of the exhaust pipe.

[0032] The solutions presented herein are applicable to essentially any exhaust gas treatment system in which a reducing agent metering device and an evaporator device are arranged in the turbo section of the exhaust line downstream of the turbo device as defined herein.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon metering device comprises one or more of the following elements: - at least one nozzle designed to prevent the injected hydrocarbons from entering the interior of the evaporator device; - at least one nozzle located in the passage; - at least two nozzles arranged in the passage and distributed around the circumference of the outer wall of the evaporator device; - at least one nozzle arranged in the passage at a wastegate outlet; - at least one nozzle connected to one or more annular distribution channels designed to distribute hydrocarbons to the at least one nozzle; and - at least one nozzle connected to one or more distribution channels configured to distribute hydrocarbons to the at least one nozzle, each distribution channel comprising at least one circular section.

[0034] The solutions presented herein can be used with various nozzle configurations, making them flexible and suitable for use in many applications and exhaust gas treatment systems.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the heating arrangement comprises the electric heating device, the oxidation catalyst and the hydrocarbon metering device.

[0036] Both the electric heating device and the oxidation catalyst can be used to prevent the evaporation device from cooling down, thus optimizing energy efficiency. For example, the electric heating device can be used to heat the oxidation catalyst, which is attached to or in thermal contact with the evaporation device, to increase its efficiency. By raising the temperature of the oxidation catalyst with the electric heating device, it can be ensured that the catalyst maintains a temperature above the ignition temperature of the hydrocarbons, for example, 200–250°C. This ensures efficient heating of the evaporation device by the oxidation catalyst, as it guarantees efficient oxidation of the hydrocarbons at the catalyst.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the heating arrangement is configured to increase one or more of the following temperatures: the temperature T eva the wall of the evaporator device, the temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases and the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part and second part downstream of the evaporator device by using the electric heating device in one or more of the following situations: - if a temperature T eng of the internal combustion engine below an engine temperature threshold T eng_th lies; T eng < T eng_th ; - if a temperature T SCR a selective catalytic reduction catalyst of the exhaust gas treatment system below a catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th lies; T SCR < T SCR_th ; - when the temperature T evathe wall of the evaporator device below an evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th lies; T eva < T eva_th ; - if a temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst below an oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th lies; T ox < T ox_th ; - when the temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases below a temperature threshold value for the second part T 2nd_th lies; T 2nd < T 2nd_th ; - when the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part and second part downstream of the evaporator device below a total temperature threshold T tot_th lies; T tot < T tot_th ; and - when the load on the combustion engine decreases.

[0038] The electric heating device is thus used to supply heat to the vaporizer when the combustion engine, exhaust gases, downstream SCR catalysts, and / or the vaporizer are cold. In these cases, the electric heating device can deliver heat to the vaporizer more quickly than the oxidation catalyst. Furthermore, the use of the electric heating device helps to raise the temperature of a cold combustion engine because the engine load increases as the generator produces the electrical current for the electric heating device. This allows the combustion engine to warm up more quickly. The engine temperature threshold T eng_th , the catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th , the evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th , the oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th , the temperature threshold for the second part T 2nd_thand / or the overall temperature threshold T tot_th The heating parameters can be selected in such a way that the heating of the evaporation device is optimized with regard to energy efficiency and / or the overall efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment system. The temperature T SCRIn this document, the temperature of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst can be the temperature of an upstream / initial section, a middle section, or a downstream / final section, and / or an average or mean temperature value based on one or more of these temperatures. Suitable available temperature sensors and / or models can be used to determine the temperature T. SCR to determine a selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

[0039] According to one embodiment, the heating arrangement is configured to increase one or more of the following temperatures: the temperature T eva the wall of the evaporator device, the temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases and the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part and second part downstream of the evaporator device by utilizing the oxidation of the hydrocarbons at the oxidation catalyst in one or more of the following situations: - if a temperature T eng of the internal combustion engine a motor temperature threshold T eng_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eng T eng_th ; - if a temperature T SCR a selective catalytic reduction catalyst of the exhaust gas treatment system a catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T SCR ≥ T SCR_th ; and - when the temperature T evathe wall of the evaporator device an evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eva ≥ T eva_th ; - if a temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst an oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T ox ≥T ox_th ; and - when the temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases a temperature threshold value for the second part T 2nd_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T 2nd ≥T 2nd_th; and - when the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part and second part downstream of the evaporator device a total temperature threshold ≥T tot_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T tot T tot_th .

[0040] Therefore, if the temperature of the combustion engine, the exhaust gases, the downstream SCR catalysts, and / or the vaporizer has risen, the oxidation catalyst is used to supply heat to the vaporizer. The oxidation catalyst can then be used efficiently to provide enough heat to maintain the vaporizer temperature at a sufficient level. The engine temperature threshold T eng_th , the catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th , the evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th , the oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th , the temperature threshold for the second part T 2nd_th and / or the overall temperature threshold T tot_th The heating parameters of the evaporation device can be selected in such a way that they are optimized with regard to energy efficiency and / or the overall efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment system.

[0041] According to one embodiment - the exhaust gas treatment system comprises a first selective catalytic reduction catalyst and a second selective catalytic reduction catalyst located downstream of the first selective catalytic reduction catalyst; and - the reducing agent dosing device, the evaporator device and the heating arrangement are arranged upstream of the first selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

[0042] The first upstream and the second downstream selective catalytic reduction catalyst can be individually optimized, taking into account the function of the entire exhaust aftertreatment system, which can lead to highly efficient exhaust gas purification. This individual optimization can also be used to reduce the volumes occupied by one or more of the upstream and downstream selective catalytic reduction catalysts, resulting in a compact exhaust aftertreatment system. This provides a flexible exhaust aftertreatment system that effectively reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx). x efficiently reduced in the exhaust gas stream.

[0043] According to one embodiment - the exhaust gas treatment system includes a selective catalytic reduction catalyst and - the reducing agent dosing device, the evaporator device and the heating arrangement are arranged upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

[0044] This provides a compact, simple, and efficient exhaust aftertreatment system. Such exhaust aftertreatment systems are installed in many modern vehicles, which is why the solutions presented here can be implemented in many existing vehicles.

[0045] The aforementioned goal is also achieved with the aforementioned exhaust gas treatment system, which includes: - an evaporator device and - a heating arrangement described herein.

[0046] The exhaust gas treatment system offers the aforementioned advantages for the heating system.

[0047] The aforementioned goal will also be achieved with the aforementioned vehicle, which includes: - an internal combustion engine; - an exhaust gas treatment system described herein.

[0048] The vehicle offers the aforementioned advantages for the heating system.

[0049] The above-mentioned objective is also achieved with the above-mentioned method for heating an evaporator device arranged downstream of a turbine rotor of a turbo device; wherein - the turbo device is arranged on an internal combustion engine to capture and interact with exhaust gases emitted by the internal combustion engine, and is connected via an exhaust pipe to a downstream component of an exhaust aftertreatment system; and - the evaporator device is designed in a ring shape and arranged radially within a turbo section of the exhaust pipe such that -- a first part of the exhaust gases flows through the evaporator device and is mixed with a reducing agent injected by a reducing agent metering device arranged radially inside the evaporator device; and -- a second part of the exhaust gases flows through a passage formed between an outer wall of the evaporator device and an inner wall of the exhaust pipe; - the procedure includes one or more of the following steps: -- Increasing one or more of the following temperatures: a temperature T eva a wall of the evaporator device, a temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases and a temperature T tot a mixture of the first part and the second part downstream of the evaporator device by using an electric heating device designed to generate electrical energy E el in heat energy E th to convert and the heat energy Eth to supply to the wall of the evaporator device; and -- Increasing one or more of the following temperatures: a temperature T eva a wall of the evaporator device, a temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases and a temperature T tot a mixture of first part and second part downstream of the evaporator device by using an oxidation catalyst arranged on one or more parts of the outer wall of the evaporator device and a hydrocarbon metering device arranged in the passage to inject hydrocarbons into the second part of the exhaust gases, so that the hydrocarbons are oxidized on the oxidation catalyst in the passage.

[0050] The process can be executed by a control unit described herein. The process offers the aforementioned advantages for the heating arrangement.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the increase of one or more of the following temperatures occurs: the temperature T eva the wall of the evaporator device, the temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases and the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part and second part downstream of the evaporator device by using the electric heating device in one or more of the following situations: - if a temperature T eng of the internal combustion engine below an engine temperature threshold T eng_th lies; T eng < T eng_th ; - if a temperature T SCR a selective catalytic reduction catalyst of the exhaust gas treatment system below a catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th lies; T SCR < T SCR_th ; - when the temperature T eva the wall of the evaporator device below an evaporator temperature threshold Teva_th lies; T eva < T eva_th ; - if a temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst below an oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th lies; T ox < T ox_th ; - when the temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases below a temperature threshold value for the second part T 2nd_th lies; T 2nd < T 2nd_th ; - when the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part and second part downstream of the evaporator device below a total temperature threshold T tot_th lies; T tot < T tot_th ; and - when the load on the combustion engine decreases.

[0052] The electric heating device is thus used to supply heat to the vaporizer when the combustion engine, exhaust gases, downstream SCR catalysts, and / or the vaporizer are cold. In these cases, the electric heating device can deliver heat to the vaporizer more quickly than the oxidation catalyst. Furthermore, the use of the electric heating device helps to raise the temperature of a cold combustion engine because the engine load increases as the generator produces the electrical current for the electric heating device. This allows the combustion engine to warm up more quickly. The engine temperature threshold T eng_th , the catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th , the evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th , the oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th , the temperature threshold for the second part T 2nd_thand / or the overall temperature threshold T tot_th The heating parameters of the evaporation device can be selected in such a way that they are optimized with regard to energy efficiency and / or the overall efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment system.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the increase of one or more of the following temperatures occurs: the temperature T eva the wall of the evaporator device, the temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases and the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part and second part downstream of the evaporator device by utilizing the oxidation of the hydrocarbons at the oxidation catalyst in one or more of the following situations: - if a temperature T eng of the internal combustion engine a motor temperature threshold T eng_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eng ≥ T eng_th ; - if a temperature T SCRa selective catalytic reduction catalyst of the exhaust gas treatment system a catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T SCR ≥ T SCR_th ; and - when the temperature T eva the wall of the evaporator device an evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eva ≥ T eva_th ; - if a temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst an oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T ox ≥ T ox_th ; - when the temperature T 2nd of the second part of the exhaust gases a temperature threshold value for the second part T 2nd_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T 2nd ≥ T 2nd_th ; and - when the temperature T totof the mixture of first part and second part downstream of the evaporator device a total temperature threshold T tot_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T tot ≥ T tot_th .

[0054] Therefore, if the temperature of the combustion engine, the exhaust gases, the downstream SCR catalysts, and / or the vaporizer has risen, the oxidation catalyst is used to supply heat to the vaporizer. The oxidation catalyst can then be used efficiently to provide enough heat to maintain the vaporizer temperature at a sufficient level. The engine temperature threshold T eng_th , the catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th , the evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th , the oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th , the temperature threshold for the second part T 2nd_thand / or the overall temperature threshold T tot_th The heating parameters of the evaporation device can be selected in such a way that they are optimized with regard to energy efficiency and / or the overall efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment system.

[0055] The aforementioned goal is also achieved with the aforementioned computer program and computer program product.

[0056] The computer program and the computer program product each offer the aforementioned advantages for the heating arrangement. Brief list of characters

[0057] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein similar reference numerals are used for similar parts and wherein: Fig. 1 shows an exemplary vehicle which may include an exhaust gas treatment system according to various embodiments of the present invention, Fig. 2 shows an exemplary exhaust gas treatment system in which aspects and embodiments of the present invention may be implemented, Fig. Figure 3 shows an exemplary exhaust gas treatment system in which aspects and embodiments of the present invention may be implemented. Fig. 4 shows a part of a turbo device, an exhaust pipe and an exhaust treatment system in which aspects and embodiments of the present invention may be implemented, Fig. 5a shows a part of a turbo device, an exhaust pipe and an exhaust treatment system in which aspects and embodiments of the present invention may be implemented, Fig. 5b shows a part of a turbo device, an exhaust pipe and an exhaust treatment system in which aspects and embodiments of the present invention may be implemented, Fig. 5c shows a part of a turbo device, an exhaust pipe and an exhaust treatment system in which aspects and embodiments of the present invention may be implemented, Fig. 5d shows a part of a turbo device, an exhaust pipe and an exhaust treatment system in which aspects and embodiments of the present invention may be implemented, Fig. Figure 6 shows a flowchart for the method of heating an evaporator device according to the invention and Fig. Figure 7 shows a control device according to the present invention. Detailed description

[0058] Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an exemplary vehicle 100 with an exhaust aftertreatment system 250, 350, which may be one of the exhaust aftertreatment systems 250, 350 described herein. The drivetrain comprises an internal combustion engine 101, which is connected in the usual manner to a transmission 103 via a clutch 106 and an output shaft of the internal combustion engine 101. An output shaft from the transmission 103 can drive the wheels 113, 114, for example, via a final drive 108, e.g., a conventional differential, and the drive shafts 104, 105 connected to the final drive 108.

[0059] A turbo device 120 is arranged on the internal combustion engine 101 to increase the power and / or fuel efficiency of the internal combustion engine 101. One type of turbo device 120 is a turbocharger. A turbocharger comprises a turbine rotor and a compressor, the turbine rotor being driven by exhaust gas 102 expelled from the internal combustion engine 101 to drive the compressor. The compressor forces air into an air intake of the internal combustion engine 101, thereby allowing more fuel to be supplied and thus achieving a higher power output from the internal combustion engine 101. A turbocharger is an efficient means of supercharging an internal combustion engine 101 because it uses the energy of the exhaust gases 102 from the internal combustion engine 101 to compress the intake air for the internal combustion engine 101.

[0060] Another type of turbo device 120 is a turbocompound. A turbocompound also comprises a turbine rotor driven by exhaust gas 102 expelled from the internal combustion engine 101. The energy recovered from the exhaust gas 102 is directed to an output shaft of the internal combustion engine or used for another purpose, such as driving an electric generator or the like. The generated electricity can be used to produce motive power for the vehicle 100 in an electric machine or to supply one or more other subsystems of the vehicle 100. A turbocompound is an efficient means of increasing overall fuel efficiency because it can convert some of the energy of the exhaust gas 102 into usable energy.

[0061] The internal combustion engine 101, e.g., an internal combustion engine, can be controlled by the engine control system via a control unit / device 500. The clutch 106 and the transmission 103 can also be controlled by the vehicle control system using one or more suitable control units / devices (not shown). Of course, the vehicle powertrain can also be of a different type, e.g., with a conventional automatic transmission or with a hybrid drive, etc.

[0062] The vehicle 100 also includes an exhaust gas treatment / purification system 250, 350 for the treatment / purification of exhaust gas emissions that arise during combustion in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 101.

[0063] Fig. Figure 2 illustrates an exhaust aftertreatment system 250, which can be a so-called Euro VI system. The exhaust aftertreatment system 250 is connected to an internal combustion engine 101 via a turbocharger 120 and an exhaust pipe 140, with the exhaust gases produced during combustion, i.e., the exhaust gas stream 102, being represented by arrows. The exhaust gas stream 102 is directed to a coated diesel particulate filter (cDPF) 210, which has a catalytically oxidizing coating with, for example, at least one precious metal. Alternatively, instead of the coated diesel particulate filter, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) with a downstream uncoated diesel particulate filter (DPF) can be arranged in the exhaust aftertreatment system 250. Thus, either a coated diesel particulate filter 210 or a diesel oxidation catalyst followed by a diesel particulate filter is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine 201 in the exhaust aftertreatment system 250.

[0064] During combustion in the internal combustion engine 101, soot and ash are produced, and the coated diesel particulate filter 210, or alternatively the diesel particulate filter itself, serves to capture the soot and ash. The exhaust gas stream 102 is passed through a filter structure in which the soot and ash from the exhaust gas stream 102 are captured as they flow through and stored in the particulate filter 210.

[0065] The catalytic coating in the coated diesel particulate filter 210 or alternatively in the oxidation catalyst has several functions and usually serves primarily to remove hydrocarbons C remaining during exhaust gas treatment. x H y(also known as HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust stream 102 to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). A large portion of the nitrogen monoxide (NO) in the exhaust stream can also be oxidized to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The oxidation of nitrogen monoxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is important for nitrogen dioxide-based soot and ash oxidation in the filter and is also crucial for a potential subsequent reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO). x advantageous.

[0066] In this context, the exhaust gas treatment system 250 further comprises a selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR catalyst) 220, which is arranged downstream of the coated diesel particulate filter 210 or alternatively downstream of the diesel oxidation catalyst followed by the diesel particulate filter. The selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220 uses ammonia NH3 or a composition from which ammonia can be generated / formed, e.g., urea, as a reducing agent / additive 274 for the reduction of nitrogen oxides NO. x in the exhaust stream 102.

[0067] The exhaust gas stream is released into the environment at the exhaust pipe after it has passed through the components of the exhaust gas treatment system.

[0068] The reaction rate of this reduction is influenced by the ratio between nitrogen monoxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO2 in the exhaust gas stream, so that the reduction reaction is positively influenced by the prior oxidation of NO to NO2 in the coated diesel particulate filter or alternatively in the oxidation catalyst.

[0069] The reduction catalyst arrangement 220 requires a reducing agent to reduce the concentration of a compound, e.g., nitrogen oxides NO. x , in the exhaust gas stream 102. This reducing agent is introduced upstream of the particulate filter 210 and the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220 by a in Fig. The reducing agent 274 is injected into the exhaust gas stream 102 by the reducing agent metering device 270 shown in Figure 2. The reducing agent 274 is stored in a tank 275, and the injection into the exhaust gas stream 102 by the metering device 270 is controlled by a control unit 500. For example, the control unit 500 can control one or more pumps.

[0070] This reducing agent is often based on ammonia and / or urea, or is formed from a substance from which ammonia can be extracted or released, and can, for example, be formed from AdBlue, which is essentially urea mixed with water. In the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, urea forms ammonia upon heating (thermolysis) and during heterogeneous catalysis on an oxidizing surface (hydrolysis), where this surface can, for example, be made of titanium dioxide (TiO2).

[0071] The metering device 270 is equipped with an evaporation arrangement 130, which is described in more detail below, e.g. a hydrolysis catalyst which may have essentially any suitable hydrolysis coating, and / or a mixer to accelerate the degradation of urea to ammonia and / or to mix the reducing agent with the emissions and / or to evaporate the reducing agent.

[0072] The exhaust gas treatment system 250 can also be equipped with a slip catalyst (SC) 240, which is arranged downstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, to oxidize any excess ammonia that may remain after the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, and / or to assist the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220 in the further reduction of NO. x to support this. Accordingly, the slip catalyst SC 240 has the potential to improve the overall conversion / reduction of NO.x to improve the system.

[0073] The exhaust gas treatment system 250 can also be equipped with one or more sensors, e.g. one or more NO sensors. x - and / or temperature sensors to determine nitrogen oxides and / or temperatures in the exhaust gas treatment system.

[0074] Fig. Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a further exhaust gas treatment system 350, which is connected to an internal combustion engine 101 via a turbo device 120 and an exhaust line 140. Exhaust gases are produced during combustion in the engine 101, and the exhaust gas stream 102 (shown with arrows) is directed to an upstream reducing agent metering device 371, which is arranged to add a reducing agent to the exhaust gas stream 102. An upstream first selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR catalyst) 310 is arranged downstream of the upstream reducing agent metering device 371. An evaporation device 130 is arranged on the upstream reducing agent metering device 371 to accelerate the reduction of urea to ammonia and / or to mix the additive with the emissions and / or to evaporate the additive.

[0075] The upstream first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310 is arranged to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO). x The reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas stream 102 is achieved by the use of the reducing agent, which is added to the exhaust gas stream 102 by the upstream reducing agent metering device 371. More precisely, the upstream first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310 uses the reducing agent, e.g., ammonia NH3, or a substance from which ammonia can be generated / formed / released, to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx). x to reduce in the exhaust gas stream 102. This reducing agent can, for example, be formed from the aforementioned AdBlue and supplied from a container / tank 375. The injection of the additive can be controlled by a control unit / control system 500, which is, for example, designed to control one or more pumps.

[0076] A slip catalyst can be arranged upstream of the upstream first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310.

[0077] Downstream of the upstream first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310, the exhaust gas treatment system 350 further comprises a coated diesel particulate filter (cDPF) 330, which has a catalytically oxidizing coating with, for example, at least one noble metal for capturing and oxidizing soot and ash. Alternatively, instead of the coated diesel particulate filter, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) with a downstream diesel particulate filter (DPF) 330 can be arranged in the exhaust gas treatment system 350. Thus, either a coated diesel particulate filter 330 or a diesel oxidation catalyst followed by a diesel particulate filter is arranged downstream of the upstream reduction catalyst device 310 in the exhaust gas treatment system 350.

[0078] Downstream of the particulate filter 330, the exhaust gas treatment system 350 comprises a downstream reducing agent metering device 372, which is arranged to supply reducing agent to the exhaust gas stream 102. This second additive comprises ammonia (NH3) or a substance, for example AdBlue, from which ammonia can be generated / formed / released as described above. The downstream reducing agent can be the same reducing agent as the one injected by the upstream reducing agent metering device 371 and may also originate from the same container / tank 375. Alternatively, the reducing agents injected by the upstream metering device 371 and the downstream metering device 372 can be of different types and originate from different tanks.The injection by the downstream metering device 372 can be controlled by a control unit / control system 500, e.g. by controlling one or more pumps.

[0079] According to various embodiments of the invention, a downstream evaporation arrangement can be arranged on the downstream reducing agent metering device in order to accelerate the degradation of urea to ammonia and / or to mix the additive with the emissions and / or to evaporate the additive.

[0080] The exhaust gas treatment system 350 further comprises a downstream second selective catalytic reduction catalyst 320, which is arranged downstream of the downstream reducing agent metering device 372. The downstream second selective catalytic reduction catalyst 320 is arranged to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx). xto reduce in the exhaust gas stream 102 by using the reducing agent injected by the downstream reducing agent metering device 372 and possibly also additive that was injected by the upstream metering device 371 and remains in the exhaust gas stream 102.

[0081] Downstream of the downstream second selective catalytic reduction catalyst 320, at least one slip catalyst 240 can be arranged.

[0082] The exhaust gas stream 102 is released into the environment at the exhaust of the exhaust treatment system 350 after it has flowed through the components of the exhaust treatment system.

[0083] The exhaust aftertreatment system 350 can also be equipped with one or more sensors (not shown), e.g. one or more NO sensors. x -Sensors and / or one or more temperature sensors used to determine NO x-Concentrations or temperatures are arranged in the exhaust gas treatment system 350.

[0084] By using the in Fig. In the exhaust gas treatment system 350 shown, both the upstream first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310 and the downstream second selective catalytic reduction catalyst 320 can be selected with regard to catalyst properties for the reduction of nitrogen oxides NO. x and / or with regard to the volumes for the upstream 310 or downstream 320 selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

[0085] The particulate filter 330 can be used to increase efficiency by considering how its thermal mass, i.e., thermal inertia, affects the temperature of the downstream second selective catalytic reduction catalyst 320. By taking the thermal inertia of the particulate filter 330 into account, the upstream first selective reduction catalyst 310 and the downstream second selective reduction catalyst 320 can be optimized with respect to their respective temperature characteristics.

[0086] The exhaust aftertreatment system 350 reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx). x in the exhaust stream in essentially all driving modes, especially during cold starts and acceleration, i.e., when torque is required more than usual.

[0087] The aforementioned slip catalyst 340 can, according to various embodiments, be a catalyst designed to oxidize additive in the exhaust gas stream 102 and / or residual nitrogen oxides NO. x to be able to reduce the amount in the exhaust gas stream 102.

[0088] The catalytic properties of both the upstream first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310 and the downstream second selective catalytic reduction catalyst 320 can be selected according to the environment to which they are or will be exposed. Furthermore, the catalytic properties of the upstream first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310 and the downstream second selective catalytic reduction catalyst 320 can be adapted so that they can operate symbiotically. The upstream first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310 and the downstream second selective catalytic reduction catalyst 320 can also include one or more materials that provide the catalytic properties. For example, transition metals such as vanadium and / or tungsten can be used, for instance, in a catalyst comprising V₂O₅ / WO₃ / TiO₂.Metals such as iron and / or copper may also be included in the upstream 310 and / or downstream 320 reduction catalyst device, for example in a zeolite-based catalyst.

[0089] Fig. Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a cross-section of a turbo device 120 and part of a line 140 from the turbo device 120 to downstream components of the exhaust gas treatment system 250, 350 described above. The line 140 is formed by an outlet body 126 of the turbo device 120 and / or a hose and / or a pipe attached to the outlet body 126.

[0090] The turbo device 120 comprises a housing 124. Exhaust gas inlets 121 are formed in the housing 124. An exhaust gas outlet 122 is formed by the outlet body 126 of the turbo device. The turbo device 120 includes a turbine rotor 123, which is configured to rotate in the housing 124, driven by the exhaust gases 102 flowing through the turbo device 120. Thus, the turbo device 120 is configured to receive and interact with exhaust gases 102 emitted by the internal combustion engine 101 and is connected via an exhaust line 140 to a downstream component 210, 310 of an exhaust gas treatment system 250, 350 such that the exhaust gases 102 are discharged to the downstream components of the exhaust gas treatment system 250, 350.

[0091] A turbine rotor / wheel 123 is configured to rotate together with a shaft 125 when the exhaust gases 102 flow through the turbo device 120. In embodiments where the turbo device 120 is a turbocharger, the shaft 125 is connected to a compressor. In embodiments where the turbo device 120 is a turbocompound device, the shaft 125 can be connected to an output shaft of the internal combustion engine 101 or to another shaft or device configured to generate usable energy through the rotation of the turbine rotor 123.

[0092] An annular evaporator device 130 is arranged radially within a turbo section 145 of the exhaust line 140. As explained in more detail below, the turbo section 145 of the exhaust line 140 comprises a body 126 of the turbo device 120 surrounding an outlet 122 of the turbo device 120 and / or a section 146 of the exhaust line 140 extending downstream of an outlet 122 of the turbo device 120.

[0093] The evaporator device 130 is radially arranged within the turbo section 145 of the exhaust gas line 140 such that a first part 102a of the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine 101 flows through the evaporator device 130, i.e., within the annular evaporator device 130. This first part 102a of the exhaust gases is thus mixed with a reducing agent 274, 374, which is injected by a reducing agent metering device 270, 371 arranged radially within 128 of the evaporator device 130.

[0094] The evaporator device 130 is further arranged radially within a turbo section 145 of the exhaust pipe 140 at a distance from an inner wall 141 of the exhaust pipe 140, e.g., at a distance from the outlet body 126 of the turbo device 120 and / or from the section 146 of the exhaust pipe 140, which extends downstream from an outlet 122 of the turbo device 120. A second part 102b of the exhaust gases flows through a passage 127 formed between an outer wall 131 of the evaporator device 130 and the inner wall 141 of the exhaust pipe 140.

[0095] According to the present invention, a heating arrangement 400 is configured to maintain a temperature T eva a wall of the evaporator device 130, i.e., an outer wall 131 and / or an inner wall 132 of the evaporator device 130, and / or a temperature T 2nd to increase the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102.

[0096] The heating arrangement 400 therefore comprises an electric heating device 410, which is designed to supply the wall of the evaporator device 130 with heat energy E th to supply, and / or an oxidation catalyst 420, which is designed to provide for the oxidation of hydrocarbons 431 at the oxidation catalyst 420 in the passage 127 between the evaporator device 130 and the exhaust line 140.

[0097] The electric heating device 410 is in Fig. 4 shown schematically. It is arranged such that it is in thermal contact with the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator device 130 and electrical energy E el in heat energy E th converts, thereby converting the generated heat energy E th is released to the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator device 130 and the temperature T eva of the wall 131, 132, the temperature T 2ndof the second part 102b of the exhaust gases in passage 127 between the evaporator device 130 and the line 140 and / or the temperature T tot The temperature of a mixture of first part 102a and second part 102b is increased downstream of the evaporator device 130. The electric heating device 410 can be controlled by the control unit 500 described herein.

[0098] The oxidation catalyst 420 is in Fig. Figures 5a-d show schematic representations of various embodiments. The oxidation catalyst 420 is arranged on one or more parts of the outer wall 131 of the evaporator device 130. Fig. Figures 5a-d also show the hydrocarbon metering device 430, which is arranged in the passage 127 between the evaporator device 130 and the line 140 to inject hydrocarbons 431 into the second part 102b of the exhaust gases. The temperature T is controlled in this process. evathe wall 131, 132 of the evaporator device 130, the temperature T 2nd of the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 and / or the temperature T tot of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas part downstream of the evaporator device 130 by oxidation of the hydrocarbons 431 at the oxidation catalyst 420 in passage 127 is increased.

[0099] The hydrocarbons 431 can be stored in a hydrocarbon tank 432 and supplied to the hydrocarbon metering device 430 via a line / pipe / hose 433, possibly through at least one filter and / or at least one controllable valve. A pump can be arranged to pump the hydrocarbons 431 from the tank 432 to the hydrocarbon metering device 430. The pump and / or the valve can be controlled by the control unit 500 described herein.

[0100] According to one embodiment, the heating arrangement 400 comprises the electric heating device 410, the oxidation catalyst 420, and the hydrocarbon metering device 430. Such a heating arrangement 400 thus comprises the one disclosed herein and in Fig. 4 illustrated electric heating device 410. The heating arrangement 400 further comprises an oxidation catalyst 420 and a hydrocarbon metering device 430, as disclosed herein and in Fig. Described in sections 5a-d.

[0101] The electric heating device can be used here to increase the temperature of the evaporator device 130 and / or the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 420. By increasing the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 420, it can be ensured that the oxidation catalyst has a temperature above an ignition temperature for the hydrocarbons, for example 200-250 °C, and that the oxidation catalyst thus ensures efficient heating of the evaporator device.

[0102] According to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5a-d, the evaporator device 130 is designed as an annular cylindrical tube. However, the evaporator device 130 can have any substantially annular shape suitable for dividing the exhaust gas flow 102 into a first part 102a, which flows through / within the evaporator device 130, and a second part 102b, which flows outside the evaporator device 130, i.e., through the passage 127 formed between the outer wall 131 of the evaporator device 130 and an inner wall 141 of the exhaust gas duct 140. For example, the evaporator device 130 can also be designed as a conical tube whose base lies in a downstream flow direction F, i.e., in a downstream flow direction and thus points away from the turbine rotor 123.

[0103] As mentioned previously, the evaporator device 130 is arranged radially within the turbo section 145 of the exhaust pipe. The turbo section 145 of the exhaust pipe 140 comprises the body 126 of the turbo device 120 around the outlet 122 of the turbo device 120 and / or a section 146 of the exhaust pipe 140 extending downstream by a maximum length L from an outlet 122 of the turbo device 120, where the length L lies within a range of 0 to 8 diameters D of the exhaust pipe 140. As a non-restrictive example, the exhaust pipe can have a diameter D in the range of 12-15 cm, resulting in a length L in the range of 0 cm to 96-120 cm.

[0104] Thus, the evaporator device 130 and the metering device 270, 371 arranged radially within 128 of the evaporator device 130 are arranged radially within the outlet body 126 of the turbo device 120 and / or up to 8 diameters D of the exhaust line 140 extending downstream from the outlet 122 of the turbo device 120. More precisely, the evaporator device 130 is arranged radially within the turbo section 145 of the exhaust line.

[0105] According to one embodiment, the evaporator device 130 extends at least partially along the turbo section 145 of the exhaust pipe 140. Thus, the evaporator device 130 can be configured such that it extends substantially radially within the outlet body 126 of the turbo device 120 and / or up to 8 diameters D of the exhaust pipe 140 extending downstream from the outlet 122 of the turbo device 120. The evaporator device 130 can be designed as a single unit or as two or more units and can be concentrated on a portion of the turbo section 145 of the exhaust pipe 140 or distributed at least partially over the length of the turbo section 145 of the exhaust pipe 140.

[0106] According to a Fig. 5a, Fig. 5c and Fig. In the schematically illustrated embodiment 5d, the oxidation catalyst 420 is arranged on one or more parts of the outer wall 131 of the evaporator device 130. Fig. 5a, Fig. 5c and Fig. 5d The oxidation catalyst 420 is arranged as a single unit on an upstream part of the evaporator device 130. However, the oxidation catalyst 420 can also be arranged on one or more downstream parts of the evaporator device 130, i.e., at least partially distributed over the evaporator device 130.

[0107] According to a Fig. In the schematically illustrated embodiment 5b, the oxidation catalyst 420 is arranged on at least one substrate 421, which is located in the passage 127 between the evaporator device 130 and the exhaust gas line 140. The oxidation catalyst 420 is then in thermal contact with the wall of the evaporator device 131, 132. Fig. 5b the at least one substrate 421 is arranged on an upstream part of the evaporator device 130. However, the at least one substrate 421 and thus also the oxidation catalyst 420 can also be arranged in a more downstream position, i.e. at least partially distributed over the evaporator device 130.

[0108] According to one embodiment, the oxidation catalyst 420 has a surface-enhancing shape and a catalytic coating. For example, the oxidation catalyst 420 and its catalytic coating can have a rough surface with one or more protrusions, depressions, valleys, ridges, creases, kinks and / or folds.

[0109] According to various embodiments, the hydrocarbon metering device 430 comprises one or more nozzles arranged in different positions and / or in different ways.

[0110] At least one nozzle can be configured to prevent the injected hydrocarbons 431 from entering an interior 128 of the evaporator device 130, i.e., it is configured to inject hydrocarbons 431 only into the passage 127 between the evaporator device 130 and the exhaust line 140.

[0111] Furthermore, at least one nozzle can be arranged in the passage 127 between the evaporator device 130 and the exhaust gas line 140, as shown in Fig. 5a-b and Fig. 5d schematically represented.

[0112] Furthermore, at least two nozzles can be arranged in the passage 127 between the evaporator device 130 and the exhaust gas line 140 such that the at least two nozzles are distributed around a circumference of the outer wall 131 of the evaporator device 130.

[0113] Furthermore, at least one nozzle can be arranged at a wastegate outlet 150 in the passage 127 between the evaporator device 130 and the exhaust pipe 140, as shown in Fig. 5c shown schematically.

[0114] Furthermore, at least one nozzle can be connected to one or more annular distribution channels designed to distribute hydrocarbons to the at least one nozzle.

[0115] Furthermore, at least one nozzle can be connected to one or more distribution channels which are configured to distribute hydrocarbons to the at least one nozzle, wherein each distribution channel comprises at least one circular section, i.e. the distribution channels are designed as one or more pipes.

[0116] According to various in Fig. 4 and Fig. In the schematically illustrated embodiments 5a-c, the reducing agent metering device 270, 371 is arranged downstream of the turbo device 120 in the turbo section 145 of the exhaust line 140. Thus, the reducing agent metering device 270, 371 is arranged radially within 128 of the evaporator device 130 and downstream of the turbo device 120.

[0117] According to a Fig. In the schematically depicted embodiment 5d, the reducing agent metering device 270, 371 is a turbo metering device configured to distribute the reducing agent 274, 374 in an outlet 122 of the turbo device 120 by utilizing the rotation of the turbine rotor 123 of the turbo device 120. During operation, the reducing agent is fed to a distribution device configured to rotate together with the turbine rotor 123 of the turbo device 120 when exhaust gas 102 flows through the turbine rotor 123. The reducing agent 274, 374 is thereby distributed / spread, i.e., mixed, in the exhaust gas 102 flowing through the turbine rotor 123 by the rotational movement of the distribution device.

[0118] The heating arrangement 400 is designed to maintain the temperature T eva the wall of the evaporator device 130, i.e. the inner and / or outer wall 131, 132, the temperature T 2ndof the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 in the passage 127 between the evaporator device 130 and the exhaust gas line 140 and / or the total temperature T tot of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section downstream of the evaporator device 130 by using the in Fig. 4. Increase the temperature of the electric heating device 410 shown when a temperature T is reached. eng of the internal combustion engine 101 below an engine temperature threshold T eng_th lies; T eng < T eng_th As a non-restrictive example, the engine temperature threshold T can be used. eng_th 80 °C.

[0119] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the heating arrangement 400 is configured to use the electric heating device 410 to raise one or more of the wall temperatures T eva , the temperature of the second part T 2nd and the total mixture temperature T totto increase the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section when a temperature T SCR of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, 310, 320 of the exhaust gas treatment system 250, 350 below a catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th lies; T SCR < T SCR_th . Such selective catalytic reduction catalysts 220, 310, 320 and exhaust gas treatment systems 250, 350 are described above and in Fig. 2-3 shown schematically. The temperature T SCRThe temperature of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst can be a temperature of an upstream / initial section of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, a temperature of a middle section of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, a temperature of a downstream / final section of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, and / or an average or mean temperature value based on one or more of the temperatures of the upstream / initial section, the middle section, and / or the downstream / final section of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The temperature T SCR The temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst can be determined by using one or more measurements and / or one or more temperature models. As a non-restrictive example, the catalyst temperature threshold T can be determined. SCR_th 220 °C.

[0120] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the heating arrangement 400 is configured to use the electric heating device 410 to raise one or more of the wall temperatures T eva , the temperature of the second part T 2nd and the total mixture temperature T tot to increase the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section when the temperature T eva the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator device 130 below an evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th lies; T eva < T eva_th As a non-restrictive example, the evaporator temperature threshold T can be used. eva_th 250 °C.

[0121] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the heating arrangement 400 is configured to use the electric heating device 410 to raise one or more of the wall temperatures T eva , the temperature of the second part T 2nd and the total mixture temperature T totto increase the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section when a temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst 420 below an oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th lies; T ox < T ox_th As a non-restrictive example, the oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T can be used. ox_th 250 °C.

[0122] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the heating arrangement 400 is configured to use the electric heating device 410 to raise one or more of the wall temperatures T eva , the temperature of the second part T 2nd and the total mixture temperature T tot to increase when the temperature T 2nd of the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 below a temperature threshold for the second part T 2nd_th lies; T 2nd < T 2nd_th As a non-restrictive example, the temperature threshold for the second part T can be 2nd_thexhibit a value that depends on a flow equilibrium between the first 102a and the second 102b exhaust gas section.

[0123] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the heating arrangement 400 is configured to use the electric heating device 410 to raise one or more of the wall temperatures T eva , the temperature of the second part T 2nd and the total mixture temperature T tot to increase the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section when the temperature T tot of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section downstream of the evaporator device 130 below a total temperature threshold T tot_th lies; T tot < T tot_th As a non-restrictive example, the overall temperature threshold T can be used. tot_th 220 °C.

[0124] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the heating arrangement 400 is configured to use the electric heating device 410 to raise one or more of the wall temperatures T eva , the temperature of the second part T 2nd and the total mixture temperature T tot to increase when the load of the internal combustion engine 101 decreases.

[0125] The temperature T eng of the internal combustion engine 101, the temperature T SCR of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, 310, 320, the temperature T eva the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator 130, the temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst 420, the temperature T 2nd of the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 and / or the temperature T totThe temperatures of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section can be determined here by one or more sensors designed to detect these temperatures, e.g. on or at the combustion engine 101, the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, 310, 320, the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator 130, the oxidation catalyst 420, the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 and / or downstream of the evaporator device 130.

[0126] According to one embodiment, the heating arrangement 400 is configured to maintain the temperature T eva the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator device 130, the temperature T 2nd of the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 in passage 127 and / or the temperature T tot of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section downstream of the evaporator device 130 by utilizing oxidation of the hydrocarbons 431 at the oxidation catalyst 420 to increase when a temperature T engof the internal combustion engine 101 a motor temperature threshold T eng_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eng ≥ T eng_th. As a non-restrictive example, the engine temperature threshold T can be used. eng_th 80 °C.

[0127] Furthermore, the heating arrangement 400 according to one embodiment is configured to use the oxidation of the hydrocarbons 431 at the oxidation catalyst 420 to increase one or more of the wall temperatures T eva , the temperature of the second part T 2nd and the temperature T tot to increase the temperature of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section downstream of the evaporator device 130 when a temperature T SCR a selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, 310, 320 of the exhaust gas treatment system 250, 350 a catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T SCR ≥ T SCR_th. The temperature T SCRThe temperature threshold of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst can be the temperature of an upstream / initial section, a middle section, or a downstream / final section, and / or an average or mean temperature value based on one or more of these temperatures. As a non-restrictive example, the catalyst temperature threshold Tc can be defined. SCR_th 220 °C.

[0128] Furthermore, the heating arrangement 400 according to one embodiment is configured to use the oxidation of the hydrocarbons 431 at the oxidation catalyst 420 to increase one or more of the wall temperatures T eva, the temperature of the second part T 2nd and / or the temperature T tot to increase the temperature of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section downstream of the evaporator device 130 when the temperature T eva the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator device 130 an evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eva ≥ T eva_th. As a non-restrictive example, the evaporator temperature threshold T can be used. eva_th 250 °C.

[0129] Furthermore, the heating arrangement 400 according to one embodiment is configured to use the oxidation of the hydrocarbons 431 at the oxidation catalyst 420 to increase one or more of the wall temperatures T eva , the temperature of the second part T 2nd and / or the temperature T tot to increase the temperature of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section downstream of the evaporator device 130 when a temperature T oxof the oxidation catalyst 420 an oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T ox ≥ T ox_th ; As a non-restrictive example, the oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T can be ox_th between 250 and 300 °C.

[0130] Furthermore, the heating arrangement 400 according to one embodiment is configured to use the oxidation of the hydrocarbons 431 at the oxidation catalyst 420 to increase one or more of the wall temperatures T eva , the temperature of the second part T 2nd and / or the temperature T tot to increase the temperature of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section downstream of the evaporator device 130 when the temperature T 2nd of the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 a temperature threshold value for the second part T 2nd_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T 2nd T 2nd_th.As a non-restrictive example, the temperature threshold for the second part T can be 2nd_th exhibit a value that depends on a flow equilibrium between the first 102a and the second 102b exhaust gas section.

[0131] Furthermore, the heating arrangement 400 according to one embodiment is configured to use the oxidation of the hydrocarbons 431 at the oxidation catalyst 420 to increase one or more of the wall temperatures T eva , the temperature of the second part T 2nd and / or the temperature T tot to increase the temperature of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section downstream of the evaporator device 130 when a temperature T tot of the mixture of first part 102a and second part 102b downstream of the evaporator device 130 a total temperature threshold T tot_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T tot ≥ T tot_th As a non-restrictive example, the overall temperature threshold T can be used.tot_th 220 °C.

[0132] The temperature T eng of the internal combustion engine 101, the temperature T SCR of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, 310, 320, the temperature T eva the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator 130, the temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst 420, the temperature T 2nd of the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 and / or the temperature T tot The temperatures of the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section downstream of the evaporator device 130 can be determined here by one or more sensors designed to detect these temperatures, e.g., on or at the combustion engine 101, the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, 310, 320, the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator 130, the oxidation catalyst 420, the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 and / or the mixed first 102a and second 102b exhaust gas section downstream of the evaporator device 130.

[0133] According to one aspect, an exhaust gas treatment system for 250 and 350 is presented above and in Fig. 2-3 schematically depicts a system configured to interact with exhaust gases 102 emitted from an internal combustion engine 101. The exhaust gas treatment system 250, 350 comprises an evaporator device 130 and a heating arrangement 400 disclosed herein.

[0134] In connection with Fig. In the exhaust gas treatment system 250 disclosed, which comprises a selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, the reducing agent metering device 270, the evaporator device 130 and the heating arrangement 400 presented herein are all arranged upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220 and in particular upstream of the particulate filter 210.

[0135] In connection with Fig. In the exhaust gas treatment system 350 disclosed, comprising a first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310 and a second selective catalytic reduction catalyst 320, which is arranged downstream of the first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310, the reducing agent metering device 371, the evaporator device 130 and the heating arrangement 400 are all arranged upstream of the first selective catalytic reduction catalyst 310.

[0136] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method 600 is provided for heating an evaporator device 130 which is arranged downstream of a turbine rotor 123 of a turbo device 120.

[0137] As explained above, the turbo device 120 is arranged on an internal combustion engine 101 to receive and interact with exhaust gases 102 emitted by the internal combustion engine 102, and is connected via an exhaust line 140 to a downstream component 210, 310 of an exhaust treatment system 250, 350.

[0138] The evaporator device 130 is annular and radially arranged within a turbo section 145 of the exhaust gas line such that a first part 102a of the exhaust gases flows through the evaporator device 130 and is mixed with a reducing agent 274, 374, which is injected by a reducing agent metering device 270, 371 arranged radially within 128 of the evaporator device 130. The configuration of the evaporator device 130 further causes a second part 102b of the exhaust gases to flow through a passage 127 formed between an outer wall 131 of the evaporator device 130 and an inner wall 141 of the exhaust gas line 140.

[0139] In step 610 of procedure 600, one or more of a temperature T are eva a wall 131, 132 of the evaporator device 130, a temperature T 2nd of the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 and a temperature T totof a mixture of first part 102a and second part 102b downstream of the evaporator device 130 by using an electric heating device 410 which is designed to supply electrical energy E el in heat energy E th to convert and the heat energy E th to supply the wall 131, 132 to the evaporator device 130.

[0140] According to various embodiments, the first step 610 is performed in one or more of the following situations: - if a temperature T eng of the internal combustion engine 101 below the engine temperature threshold T defined above eng_th lies; T eng < T eng_th ; - if a temperature T SCR of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst of the exhaust gas treatment system 250, 350 below the catalyst temperature threshold T defined above SCR_th lies; T SCR < T SCR_th ; - when the temperature T eva the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator device below the evaporator temperature threshold T defined above eva_th lies; T eva < T eva_th ; - if a temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst 420 below the oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T defined above ox_th lies; T ox < T ox_th ; - when the temperature T 2nd of the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 below the temperature threshold value defined above for the second part T 2nd_th lies; T 2nd < T 2nd_th ; - when the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part 102a and second part 102b downstream of the evaporator device 130 below the overall temperature threshold T defined above tot_th lies; T tot < T tot_th ; and - when the load of the internal combustion engine 101 decreases.

[0141] In a second step 620 of the process 600, one or more of a temperature T are eva a wall 131, 132 of the evaporator device 130, a temperature T 2nd of the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 and a temperature T tot a mixture of first part 102a and second part 102b downstream of the evaporator device 130 by using an oxidation catalyst 420, which is arranged on one or more parts of the outer wall 131 of the evaporator device 130, and a hydrocarbon metering device 430, which is arranged in the passage 127, to inject hydrocarbons 431 into the second part 102b of the exhaust gases, so that the hydrocarbons 431 are oxidized on the oxidation catalyst 420 in the passage 127.

[0142] According to various embodiments, the second step 620 is performed in one or more of the following situations: - if a temperature T engof the internal combustion engine 101 the engine temperature threshold T defined above eng_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eng ≥ T eng_th ; - if a temperature T SCR a selective catalytic reduction catalyst 220, 310, 320 of the exhaust gas treatment system 250, 350 the catalyst temperature threshold T defined above SCR_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T SCR T SCR_th ; and - when the temperature T eva the wall 131, 132 of the evaporator device the evaporator temperature threshold T defined above eva_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eva ≥ T eva_th ; - if a temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst 420 the oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T defined above ox_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T ox ≥ T ox_th ; - when the temperature T 2ndof the second part 102b of the exhaust gases 102 the temperature threshold value defined above for the second part T 2nd_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T 2nd ≥ T 2nd_th; and - when the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part 102a and second part 102b downstream of the evaporator device 130 the overall temperature threshold T defined above tot_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T tot ≥ T tot_th .

[0143] The procedure 600 can execute one or more of the first 610 and second 620 steps, and the first 610 and second 620 steps in parallel, i.e., simultaneously.

[0144] A person skilled in the art will recognize that a method for treating an exhaust gas stream according to the present invention can also be implemented in a computer program which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method. The computer program is generally part of a computer program product 503, wherein the computer program product comprises a suitable digital non-volatile / permanent / persistent storage medium on which the computer program is stored. The non-volatile / permanent / persistent / permanent computer-readable medium consists of a suitable memory, e.g., ROM (read-only memory), PROM (programmable read-only memory), EPROM (erasable PROM), Flash, EEPROM (electrically erasable PROM), a hard disk, etc.

[0145] Fig. Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a control unit / device 500. The control device 500 comprises a computing unit 501, which can essentially include a suitable processor or microprocessor, e.g., a digital signal processing circuit (digital signal processor, DSP) or a circuit with a predetermined specific function (application-specific integrated circuit, ASIC). The computing unit 501 is connected to a storage unit 502, which is integrated into the control device 500 and supplies the computing unit 501, for example, with the stored program code and / or stored data that the computing unit 501 needs to perform calculations. The computing unit 501 is also configured to store intermediate or final results of calculations in the storage unit 502.

[0146] Furthermore, the control device 500 is equipped with devices 511, 512, 513, and 514 for receiving and transmitting input and output signals, respectively. These input and output signals can have waveforms, pulses, or other attributes that can be captured as information by the input signal receiving devices 511 and 513 and converted into signals that can be processed by the processing unit 501. These signals are then fed to the processing unit 501. The output signal sending devices 512 and 514 are configured to convert the calculation result from the processing unit 501 into output signals for transmission to other parts of the vehicle control system and / or the component(s) for which the signals are intended.

[0147] Each connection to the devices for receiving and sending input and output signals may include one or more of the following elements: cables, data bus, e.g. CAN bus (Controller Area Network), MOST bus (Media Orientated Systems Transport) or another bus configuration, or a wireless connection.

[0148] An expert will recognize that the computer mentioned above can include the computing unit 501 and that the memory mentioned above can include the storage unit 502.

[0149] Control systems in modern vehicles generally include a communication bus system, comprising one or more communication buses, to connect a number of electronic control units (ECUs) and various components within the vehicle. Such a control system can include many control units, and responsibility for a particular function can be distributed across more than one control unit. Vehicles of the type depicted therefore often include significantly more control units than in Fig. Figures 1-5 and 7 illustrate what is known to a person skilled in the art in this field.

[0150] An expert will recognize that the control device 500 in Fig. 7 one or more control devices of Fig. 1-5 or 7 may be included or comprised therein.

[0151] The present invention is implemented in the illustrated embodiment in the control device 500. However, the invention can also be implemented wholly or partially in one or more other control devices already present in the vehicle or in a control device specifically provided for the present invention.

[0152] The aspects and embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein can be implemented by one or more of the control units or processing arrangements 500 mentioned herein. However, the invention can also be implemented wholly or partially in one or more other control units already present in the vehicle or in some of the control units provided for the present invention.

[0153] Here and in this document, control units, control elements, or processing arrangements are sometimes described as being intended for carrying out the methods and / or steps 610, 620 of the invention. This also implies that the units, elements, or processing arrangements are designed and / or configured to carry out these method steps.

[0154] One or more controls 810, 820 may be provided to execute the procedures and / or steps. Such controls 810, 820 may be provided as separate elements, or logically separated but physically implemented in the same unit, or arranged together both logically and physically. These controls 810, 820 may, for example, correspond to groups of instructions, which may be in the form of program code and are entered into a processor / computing unit 501 and used by it when the controls are active and / or used to execute the procedure steps.

[0155] A person skilled in the art will also recognize that the exhaust gas treatment system described above can be modified according to the various embodiments of the method according to the invention. Furthermore, the invention relates to the motor vehicle 100, for example a passenger car, a truck or a bus, or another unit comprising at least one exhaust gas treatment system according to the invention, for example a ship.

[0156] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments of the invention described above, but relates to and includes all embodiments that fall within the scope of the attached independent claims.

Claims

[1] Heating arrangement (400) for an evaporator device (130) arranged downstream of a turbine rotor (123) of a turbo device (120); wherein - the turbo device (120) is arranged on an internal combustion engine (101) to capture and interact with exhaust gases (102) emitted by the internal combustion engine (101) and is connected via an exhaust line (140) to a downstream component (210, 310) of an exhaust treatment system (250, 350); - the evaporator device (130) is designed in an annular shape and arranged radially within a turbo section (145) of the exhaust pipe such that ◯ a first part (102a) of the exhaust gases flows through the evaporator device (130) and is mixed with a reducing agent (274, 374) which is injected by a reducing agent metering device (270, 371) arranged radially inside (128) the evaporator device (130); and ◯ a second part (102b) of the exhaust gases flows through a passage (127) formed between an outer wall (131) of the evaporator device (130) and an inner wall (141) of the exhaust gas line (140); and - the heating arrangement (400) comprises one or more of the following devices: ◯ an electric heating device (410) designed to heat by converting electrical energy E el in heat energy E th and provision of heat energy E th to increase one or more of the following temperatures at the wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130): a temperature T eva a wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130), a temperature T 2nd of the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) and a temperature T tot a mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130); and ◯ an oxidation catalyst (420) arranged on one or more parts of the outer wall (131) of the evaporator device (130), and a hydrocarbon metering device (430) arranged in the passage (127) to inject hydrocarbons (431) into the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases such that one or more of the following temperatures are increased by oxidation of the hydrocarbons (431) on the oxidation catalyst (420) in the passage (127): a temperature T eva a wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130), a temperature T 2nd of the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) and a temperature T tot a mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130). [2] Heating arrangement (400) according to claim 1, wherein the annular shape of the evaporator device (130) is formed by one or more of the following elements: - a cylindrical tube and - a cone-shaped tube whose base lies in a downstream direction F. [3] Heating arrangement (400) according to one of claims 1-2, wherein the turbo section (145) of the exhaust line comprises one or more of the following elements: - a body (126) of the turbo device (120) around an outlet (122) of the turbo device (120); - a section (146) of the exhaust pipe (140) extending downstream by a maximum length L from an outlet (122) of the turbo device (120), wherein the length L lies in a range of 0 to 8 diameters D of the exhaust pipe (140). [4] Heating arrangement (400) according to one of claims 1-3, wherein the evaporator device (130) extends at least partially along the turbo section (145) of the exhaust line (140). [5] Heating arrangement (400) according to one of claims 1-4, wherein the oxidation catalyst (420) comprises one or more of the following devices: - an oxidation catalyst (420) arranged on one or more parts of the outer wall (131) of the evaporator device (130); and - an oxidation catalyst (420) arranged on at least one substrate (421) which is arranged in the passage (127) and is in thermal contact with the wall of the evaporator device (131, 132). [6] Heating arrangement (400) according to one of claims 1-5, wherein the oxidation catalyst (420) has a surface-enlarging shape and a catalytic coating. [7] Heating arrangement (400) according to one of claims 1-6, wherein the reducing agent metering device (270, 371) is a turbo metering device which is configured to distribute the reducing agent (274, 374) in an outlet (122) of the turbo device (120) by utilizing a rotation of the turbine rotor (123) of the turbo device (120). [8] Heating arrangement (400) according to one of claims 1-6, wherein the reducing agent metering device (270, 371) is arranged downstream of the turbo device (120) in the turbo section (145) of the exhaust line (140). [9] Heating arrangement (400) according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the hydrocarbon metering device (430) comprises one or more of the following elements: - at least one nozzle designed to prevent the injected hydrocarbons (431) from entering an interior (128) of the evaporator device (130); - at least one nozzle arranged in the passage (127); - at least two nozzles arranged in the passage (127) and distributed around a circumference of the outer wall (131) of the evaporator device (130); - at least one nozzle arranged at a wastegate outlet (150) into the passage (127); - at least one nozzle connected to one or more annular distribution channels designed to distribute hydrocarbons to the at least one nozzle; and - at least one nozzle connected to one or more distribution channels configured to distribute hydrocarbons to the at least one nozzle, each distribution channel comprising at least one circular section. [10] Heating arrangement (400) according to one of claims 1-9, wherein the heating arrangement (400) comprises the electric heating device (410), the oxidation catalyst (420) and the hydrocarbon metering device (430). [11] Heating arrangement (400) according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the heating arrangement (400) is configured to increase one or more of the following temperatures: the temperature T eva the wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130), the temperature T 2nd of the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) and the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130) by using the electric heating device (410) in one or more of the following situations: - if a temperature T eng of the internal combustion engine (101) below an engine temperature threshold T eng_th lies; T eng < T eng_th ; - if a temperature T SCR a selective catalytic reduction catalyst (220, 310, 320) of the exhaust gas treatment system (250, 350) below a catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th lies; T SCR < T SCR_th ; - when the temperature T eva the wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130) below an evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th lies; T eva < T eva_th ; - if a temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst (420) below an oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th lies; T ox < T ox_th ; - when the temperature T 2nd of the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) below a temperature threshold for the second part T 2nd_th lies; T 2nd < T 2nd_th ; - when the temperature T totof the mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130) below a total temperature threshold T tot_th lies; T tot < T tot_th ; and - when a load of the internal combustion engine (101) decreases. [12] Heating arrangement (400) according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the heating arrangement (400) is configured to increase one or more of the following temperatures: the temperature T eva the wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130), the temperature T 2nd of the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) and the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130) by utilizing the oxidation of the hydrocarbons (431) at the oxidation catalyst (420) in one or more of the following situations: - if a temperature T engof the internal combustion engine (101) an engine temperature threshold T eng_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eng ≥ T eng_th ; - if a temperature T SCR a selective catalytic reduction catalyst (220, 310, 320) of the exhaust gas treatment system (250, 350) a catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T SCR ≥ T SCR_th ; and - when the temperature T eva the wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130) an evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eva ≥ T eva_th ; - if a temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst (420) an oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T ox ≥ T ox_th ; - when the temperature T 2ndof the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) a temperature threshold for the second part T 2nd_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T 2nd ≥ T 2nd_th ; and - when the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130) a total temperature threshold T tot_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T tot ≥ T tot_th . [13] Heating arrangement (400) according to one of claims 1-12, wherein: - the exhaust gas treatment system (350) comprises a first selective catalytic reduction catalyst (310) and a second selective catalytic reduction catalyst (320) arranged downstream of the first selective catalytic reduction catalyst (310); and - the reducing agent metering device (371), the evaporator device (130) and the heating arrangement (400) are arranged upstream of the first selective catalytic reduction catalyst (310). [14] Heating arrangement (400) according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein: - the exhaust gas treatment system (250) comprises a selective catalytic reduction catalyst (220); and - the reducing agent metering device (270), the evaporator device (130) and the heating arrangement (400) are arranged upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst (220). [15] Exhaust gas treatment system (250, 350) configured to interact with exhaust gases (102) emitted from an internal combustion engine (101); wherein the exhaust gas treatment system (250, 350) comprises: - an evaporator device (130) and - a heating arrangement (400) according to one of claims 1-14. [16] Vehicle (100) comprising: - an internal combustion engine (101); - an exhaust gas treatment system (250, 350) according to claim 15. [17] Method (600) for heating an evaporator device (130) arranged downstream of a turbine rotor (123) of a turbo device (120); wherein - the turbo device (120) is arranged on an internal combustion engine (101) to receive and interact with exhaust gases (102) emitted by the internal combustion engine (102), and is connected via an exhaust line (140) to a downstream component (210, 310) of an exhaust gas treatment system (250, 350); and - the evaporator device (130) is designed in an annular shape and arranged radially within a turbo section (145) of the exhaust pipe such that ◯ a first part (102a) of the exhaust gases flows through the evaporator device (130) and is mixed with a reducing agent (274, 374) which is injected by a reducing agent metering device (270, 371) arranged radially inside (128) the evaporator device (130); and ◯ a second part (102b) of the exhaust gases flows through a passage (127) formed between an outer wall (131) of the evaporator device (130) and an inner wall (141) of the exhaust gas line (140); - the procedure includes one or more of the following steps: ◯ Increase (610) one or more of the following temperatures: a temperature T eva a wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130), a temperature T 2nd of the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) and a temperature T tota mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130) by using an electric heating device (410) designed to supply electrical energy E el in heat energy E th to convert and the heat energy E th to supply the wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130); and ◯ Increase (620) one or more of the following temperatures: a temperature T eva a wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130), a temperature T 2nd of the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) and a temperature T tota mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130) by using an oxidation catalyst (420) arranged on one or more parts of the outer wall (131) of the evaporator device (130) and a hydrocarbon metering device (430) arranged in the passage (127) to inject hydrocarbons (431) into the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases, so that the hydrocarbons (431) are oxidized on the oxidation catalyst (420) in the passage (127). [18] Method (600) according to claim 17, wherein the increase (610) of one or more of the following temperatures: the temperature T eva the wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130), the temperature T 2nd of the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) and the temperature T totthe mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130) by using the electric heating device (410) in one or more of the following situations: - if a temperature T eng of the internal combustion engine (101) below an engine temperature threshold T eng_th lies; T eng < T eng_th ; - if a temperature T SCR a selective catalytic reduction catalyst of the exhaust gas treatment system (250, 350) below a catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th lies; T SCR < T SCR_th ; - when the temperature T eva the wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device below an evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th lies; T eva < T eva_th ; - if a temperature T oxof the oxidation catalyst (420) below an oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th lies; T ox < T ox_th ; - when the temperature T 2nd of the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) below a temperature threshold for the second part T 2nd_th lies; T 2nd < T 2nd_th; - when the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130) below a total temperature threshold T tot_th lies; T tot < T tot_th ; and - when a load of the internal combustion engine (101) decreases. [19] Method (600) according to one of claims 17-18, wherein the increase (220) of one or more of the following temperatures: the temperature T eva the wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device (130), the temperature T 2ndof the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) and the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130) by utilizing the oxidation of the hydrocarbons (431) at the oxidation catalyst (420) in one or more of the following situations: - if a temperature T eng of the internal combustion engine (101) an engine temperature threshold T eng_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T eng ≥ T eng_th ; - if a temperature T SCR a selective catalytic reduction catalyst (220, 310, 320) of the exhaust gas treatment system (250, 350) a catalyst temperature threshold T SCR_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T SCR ≥ T SCR_th ; and - when the temperature T eva the wall (131, 132) of the evaporator device an evaporator temperature threshold T eva_th corresponds to or exceeds this; Teva ≥ T eva_th ; - if a temperature T ox of the oxidation catalyst (420) an oxidation catalyst temperature threshold T ox_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T ox ≥ T ox_th ; - when the temperature T 2nd of the second part (102b) of the exhaust gases (102) a temperature threshold for the second part T 2nd_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T 2nd ≥ T 2nd_th; and - when the temperature T tot of the mixture of first part (102a) and second part (102b) downstream of the evaporator device (130) a total temperature threshold T tot_th corresponds to or exceeds this; T tot ≥ T tot_th . [20] Computer program with instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 17-19. [21] Computer-readable medium containing instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 17-19.

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