RUBBER MIXTURES CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE PROCESSING AID OF FORMULA (I)

Description

[0001] The invention relates to rubber mixtures, each containing at least one rubber, at least one hydroxyl group-containing oxide filler, at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes, at least one crosslinking agent from the series of sulfur and sulfur donors and at least one processing aid of formula (I), their production and use, as well as the vulcanizates obtainable therefrom by the vulcanization process, in particular in the form of tires, parts of tires or technical rubber articles.

[0002] A major challenge in the development of tire rubber compounds is resolving the conflicting objectives of rolling resistance, wet braking performance, and abrasion resistance. To optimize application-relevant properties of vulcanizates, such as those obtained from rubber compounds, and to address this conflicting objective, increasingly larger quantities of silica and reinforcing additives are being added to the rubber compounds. However, this results in a significant increase in the viscosity of the vulcanizates, necessitating the use of efficient processing aids.

[0003] In WO2010136345A1, functionalized rubbers were used together with a trimethylolpropane (TMP) fatty acid mixture in rubber compounds to improve rolling resistance and wet slip resistance. However, TMP has since been classified as reprotoxic category 2. Therefore, there is a great need to find less toxicologically problematic substitutes for TMP that exhibit comparable performance to the trimethylolpropane fatty acid mixture in WO200136345A1 in rubber compounds.

[0004] The present invention is therefore based on the objective of providing rubber compounds that are less toxicologically problematic compared to rubber compounds of WO2010136345A1, in which the application-relevant properties, preferably wet braking, rolling resistance and abrasion resistance, and more preferably Mooney viscosity, are equally good, preferably better, than in the corresponding TMP-containing rubber compounds or vulcanizates. Even more preferably, further application-related properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break are also equally good, preferably better, than in the corresponding TMP-containing rubber compounds or vulcanizates.

[0005] Surprisingly, it has now been found that when using at least one processing aid of formula (I) in rubber mixtures containing at least one rubber, at least one hydroxyl group-containing oxide filler, at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes and at least one crosslinker from the series of sulfur and sulfur donor rubber mixtures, rubber mixtures are available which solve this task compared to the TMP-containing equivalents.

[0006] The present invention therefore relates to rubber compounds containing at least one rubber, at least one hydroxyl-containing oxide filler, at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes, and at least one crosslinking agent from the series of sulfur and sulfur donors, wherein at least one processing aid of formula (I) is further included: R 1< R 2< NZNR 3< R 4< Formula (I) wherein R 1< , R 2< , R 3< and R 4< are each independently selected from (CH 2 ) x CH(OH)(CH 2 ) w H Formula (A) and (CH 2 ) y CH 3 Formula (B) with x = 0-8, y = 0-8, w = 0-6, wherein Z is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 - C 22 alkylene chain, wherein the branches can also form a cyclic ring, preferably C 6 cycloalkylene, preferably a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 - C 10 alkylene chain, and wherein at least two of the residues R 1< , R 2< , R 3< and R 4< are selected independently of each other from formula (A), and wherein the at least one process aid of formula (I) is preferably in an amount of 0.1 - 30 phr, particularly preferably of 0.5 - 25 phr, most preferably of 1 - 20 phr, most preferably of 3 - 15 phr,is contained in the rubber compound.

[0007] The loss factor tan delta at 60 °C, preferably at a measurement frequency of 10 Hz, is used as an indicator for rolling resistance. The tan delta at 0 °C or 23 °C, preferably at a measurement frequency of 10 Hz, serves as an indicator for wet braking performance, and the DIN abrasion standard is considered as an indicator for abrasion resistance. rubber

[0008] The rubber compounds according to the invention contain at least one rubber. This can be, for example, natural rubber (NR) and / or a synthetic rubber.

[0009] Preferred polar and non-polar synthetic rubbers are ACM - Polyacrylate rubber AEM - Ethylene acrylate rubber BR - Polybutadiene ABR - Butadiene / acrylic acid C1-C4 alkyl ester copolymer CR - Polychloroprene IR - Polyisoprene SBR - Styrene / butadiene copolymers with styrene contents of 1-60, preferably 20-50 wt% IIR - Isobutylene / isoprene copolymers NBR - Butadiene / acrylonitrile copolymers with acrylonitrile contents of 5-60, preferably 10-50 wt% HNBR - Partially or fully hydrogenated NBR rubber EPM - Ethylene / propylene copolymers EPDM - Ethylene / propylene / diene copolymers EVM - Ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers SIBR - Styrene-isoprene-butadiene rubber ENR - Epoxidized natural rubber SNBR -Arcylnitrile styrene / butadiene rubber HNBR -Hydrogenated acylnitrile / butadiene rubber XNBR -Carboxylated acylnitrile / butadiene rubber HXNBR -Hydrogenated carboxylated acylnitrile / butadiene rubber

[0010] Particularly preferred polar and non-polar synthetic rubbers are BR, SBR, SIBR, IR and ENR.

[0011] The at least one synthetic rubber can be unfunctionalized or functionalized.

[0012] The rubber compounds according to the invention can contain at least one functionalized synthetic rubber. The above-mentioned descriptions for unfunctionalized synthetic rubbers apply, with the difference that in the case of functionalized synthetic rubbers, these are functionalized.

[0013] Within the scope of the present invention, functionalized synthetic rubber is understood to be a synthetic rubber which is substituted at the main chain and / or at the end groups by one or more functional groups, preferably selected from carboxyl groups, mercaptan groups, alkoxysilane groups, siloxane groups, hydroxy groups, ethoxy groups, epoxy groups, amino groups, phthalocyanine groups, silane sulfide groups and metal atom-containing groups, particularly preferably selected from mercaptan groups, alkoxysilane groups and hydroxy groups, and most preferably selected from mercaptan groups and alkoxysilane groups.

[0014] Unfunctionalized synthetic rubbers within the scope of the present invention do not contain the aforementioned substitutions by functional groups.

[0015] The rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain at least one functionalized synthetic rubber, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of polar and non-polar functionalized synthetic rubbers.

[0016] Preferably, the at least one functionalized synthetic rubber is selected from the group consisting of functionalized SBR, functionalized BR and functionalized IR rubber, particularly preferably from functionalized SBR and functionalized BR rubber.

[0017] Preferably, the rubber compounds according to the invention contain at least one functionalized SBR rubber and / or one functionalized BR rubber, particularly preferably at least one functionalized SBR and at least one functionalized BR rubber.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one rubber is selected from the group consisting of natural rubber and synthetic rubbers, is preferably at least one functionalized synthetic rubber, is particularly preferably at least one functionalized synthetic rubber selected from the group consisting of functionalized SBR, functionalized BR and functionalized IR rubber, most preferably from functionalized SBR and functionalized BR rubber.

[0019] Preferably, the at least one functionalized SBR rubber is substituted at the main chain and / or at the end groups by one or more functional groups, in particular selected from mercaptan groups, alkoxysilane groups and hydroxy groups, and especially preferably by several functional groups that are mercaptan groups and alkoxysilane groups. The at least one functionalized SBR rubber SPRINTAN® < SLR 3402 from Trinseo is preferred.

[0020] The functionalized SBR rubber can be solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) or emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR), and a mixture of at least one functionalized SSBR and at least one functionalized ESBR can also be used.

[0021] The molecular weight (Mw) of the styrene-butadiene copolymers can vary over a wide range. Styrene-butadiene copolymers with an Mw of 250,000 to 600,000 g / mol are preferred, and those with an Mw of 350,000 to 500,000 g / mol are particularly preferred.

[0022] Preferably, the at least one functionalized BR rubber is substituted at the main chain and / or at the end groups by one or more functional groups selected from mercaptan groups, alkoxysilane groups, and hydroxy groups, particularly preferably by alkoxysilane groups. The at least one functionalized BR rubber NIPOL®< BR 1261 from Zeon is preferred.

[0023] The molecular weight of butadiene polymers can vary over a wide range. Butadiene polymers with a molecular weight of 250,000 to 5,000,000 g / mol are preferred.

[0024] Polybutadiene with a cis content greater than or equal to 90 wt.% is referred to as high-cis type, and polybutadiene with a cis content less than 90 wt.% is referred to as low-cis type. A low-cis polybutadiene is, for example, Li-BR (lithium-catalyzed butadiene rubber) with a cis content of 20 to 50 wt.%. A high-cis type functionalized BR rubber is preferred within the scope of the present invention.

[0025] The rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain 0 to 100 phr of at least one functionalized synthetic rubber, particularly preferably 50 to 100 phr, and most preferably 70-100 phr.

[0026] The rubber compounds according to the invention preferably contain at least one functionalized SBR and at least one functionalized BR rubber in a weight ratio SBR:BR of 100:0 to 0:100, particularly preferably of 90:10 to 10:90, very preferably of 90:10 to 30:70, and most preferably of 80:20 to 50:50.

[0027] The rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain 0 to 100 phr of at least one unfunctionalized synthetic rubber and / or at least one natural rubber, particularly preferably 0 to 50 phr, most preferably 0 to 30 phr. Fillers

[0028] The at least one hydroxyl group-containing oxide filler is preferably selected from the group consisting of silicic acids, synthetic silicates and natural silicates.

[0029] The content of hydroxyl group-containing oxide fillers in the rubber mixtures according to the invention is preferably 0.1 to 250 phr, particularly preferably 20 to 200 phr, most preferably 25 to 180 phr and most preferably 30 to 160 phr.

[0030] Oxidative fillers containing hydroxyl groups are particularly suitable from the following series: Silicas, in particular with a specific surface area (BET) of 5 to 1000, preferably 20 to 400 m² / g, preferably with primary particle sizes of 100 to 400 nm, wherein the silicas may optionally also be present as mixed oxides with other metal oxides, such as Al, Mg, Ca, Ba, Zr, Ti oxides, synthetic silicates, such as aluminum silicate, alkaline earth silicates such as magnesium silicate or calcium silicate, with specific surface areas (BET) of 20 to 400 m² / g, preferably with primary particle sizes of 10 to 400 nm and natural silicates, such as kaolin and other naturally occurring silicas, as well as mixtures thereof.

[0031] The BET surfaces mentioned above are determined according to DIN ISO 9277. The primary particle size specifications are based on measurements using a particle analysis device with scattered light. The particle size calculation is based on Mie theory, which describes the interaction between light and matter (DIN / ISO 13320).

[0032] The silicas are preferably obtained by precipitation of silicate solutions or flame hydrolysis of silicon halides.

[0033] Preferably, the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one hydroxyl group-containing oxide filler from the series of silicas, in particular with a specific surface area (BET) in the range of 5 to 1000, preferably 20 to 400 m² / g in an amount of 0.1 to 250 phr, preferably 20 to 200 phr, particularly preferably 25 to 180 phr, most preferably 30 to 160 phr.

[0034] The rubber mixtures according to the invention can contain at least one carbon black as a filler.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one carbon black as a filler.

[0036] Preferably, the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one carbon black in an amount of 0.1 to 120 phr, particularly preferably 0.1 to 100 phr, very preferably 1 to 70 phr, and most preferably 2 to 40 phr.

[0037] Preferred carbon blacks are those obtainable by flame carbon black, furnace carbon black, or gas carbon black processes and possessing a specific surface area (BET) in the range of 20 to 200 m² / g, such as SAF, ISAF, IISAF, HAF, FEF, or GPF carbon blacks. Preferably, the rubber compounds according to the invention contain at least one carbon black with a specific surface area (BET) in the range of 20 to 200 m² / g.

[0038] The rubber compounds according to the invention particularly preferably contain at least one of the above-mentioned silicas and at least one of the above-mentioned carbon blacks as fillers. Most preferably, the rubber compounds according to the invention contain at least 25 to 180 phr, preferably 30 to 160 phr, of at least one of the above-mentioned silicas and at least 1.0 to 70 phr, preferably 2.0 to 40 phr, of at least one of the above-mentioned carbon blacks as fillers.

[0039] The total amount of carbon black and silica-based fillers in the rubber compound according to the invention is preferably 26 to 250 phr, particularly preferably 32 to 200 phr. Crosslinking agents and vulcanization accelerators

[0040] The rubber compounds according to the invention contain at least one crosslinking agent from the group consisting of sulfur and sulfur donors. They may further contain at least one vulcanization accelerator. Networker

[0041] The rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one crosslinking agent from the group consisting of sulfur and sulfur donors.

[0042] Sulfur can be used in elemental soluble or insoluble form. The rubber compounds according to the invention particularly preferably contain at least one sulfur donor and / or sulfur, and most preferably sulfur itself.

[0043] Examples of suitable sulfur donors include dimorpholyl disulfide (DTDM), 2-morpholinodithiobenzothiazole (MBSS), caprolactam disulfide, dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide (DPTT), tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD).

[0044] The rubber mixtures according to the invention generally contain 0.1 to 20 phr, preferably 0.5 to 10 phr, particularly preferably 1.0 to 8 phr and most preferably 1 to 4 phr of the at least one crosslinking agent from the group consisting of sulfur and sulfur donors.

[0045] Zinc oxide may be present in the rubber mixtures according to the invention.

[0046] Preferred rubber compounds according to the invention contain zinc oxide with a BET surface area of ​​2 to 100 m² / g, preferably 2 to 70 m² / g. BET surface areas of zinc oxide can be measured according to DIN ISO 9277.

[0047] In general, zinc oxide is contained in the rubber mixtures according to the invention in an amount of 0 to 20 phr, preferably from 0.1 to 10 phr, particularly preferably from 1 to 5 phr. Vulcanization accelerator

[0048] The rubber compounds according to the invention may contain at least one vulcanization accelerator.

[0049] Preferably, the rubber compounds according to the invention contain at least one vulcanization accelerator.

[0050] The amount of the at least one vulcanization accelerator in the mixture according to the invention is 0 to 20 phr, preferably 0.1 to 10 phr and particularly preferably 0.2 to 5 phr.

[0051] Particularly preferred is the at least one vulcanization accelerator selected from the group of mercapto-benzthiazoles, thiocarbamates, dithiocarbamates, thiurams, thiazoles, sulfenamides, thiazolsulfenamides, xanthates, bi- or polycyclic amines, thiophosphates, dithiophosphates, caprolactams, thiourea derivatives, guanidines, cyclic disulfanes and amines, in particular zinc diamine diisocyanate, hexamethylenetetramine, 1,3-bis(citraconimidomethyl)benzene, and most particularly preferably from the group of sulfenamides, most preferably N-cyclohexylbenzothiazolesulfenamide (CAS No.: 95-33-0).

[0052] Preferably, the rubber compounds according to the invention contain at least one vulcanization accelerator containing N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide.

[0053] The mixture according to the invention may contain guanidine-containing compounds as at least one vulcanization accelerator or it may not contain them at all.

[0054] Examples of guanidine-containing compounds include diphenylguanidine (DPG), di-ortho-tolyl-guanidine (DOTG), 1-(ortho-tolyl)biguanide, substituted diphenylguanidines and other organic guanidine derivatives in which the guanidine function is substituted with one or more C1-C8 alkyl groups, C2-C8 alkenyl groups, C6-C8 aryl groups, C7-C10 aralkyl groups and / or C1-C8 heteroalkyl groups.

[0055] For the purposes of the present invention, the term substituted diphenylguanidines preferably refers to diphenylguanidines in which at least one phenyl ring is substituted, preferably both phenyl rings are substituted. A wide variety of substituents are possible.Preferably, a substituent of a phenyl ring is selected from the group consisting of C1-C20 alkyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, C2-C20 alkenyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted and contains one or more double bonds, C2-C20 alkynyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted and contains one or more triple bonds, C3-C20 aryl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, heteroaryl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, has five to twenty members and contains one or more heteroatoms, C3-C14 cycloalkyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, heterocycloalkyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, has three to eight members and contains one or more heteroatoms, and heteroatoms.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the mixture according to the invention contains at least one guanidine-containing compound in the at least one vulcanization accelerator, particularly preferably DPG.

[0057] The at least one vulcanization accelerator in the rubber compound according to the invention most preferably contains N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide and DPG; more preferably, the at least one vulcanization accelerator consists of N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide and DPG.

[0058] The total amount of crosslinking agent and vulcanization accelerator in the rubber mixtures is preferably 0.5 to 30 phr, particularly preferably 1.1 to 18 phr, and most preferably 1.2 to 9 phr. Process aids

[0059] The rubber compounds according to the invention contain at least one processing aid of formula (I): R 1< R 2< NZNR 3< R 4< Formula (I) wherein R1< , R2< , R3< and R4< are each independently selected from (CH2 ) x CH(OH)(CH2 ) w H formula (A) and (CH2 ) y CH3 formula (B) with x = 0-8, y = 0-8, w = 0-6, wherein Z is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C22 alkylene chain, wherein the branches may also form a cyclic ring, preferably C6 cycloalkylene, preferably a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkylene chain, and wherein at least two of the residues R1< , R2< , R3< and R4< are independently selected from formula (A), and wherein the at least one processing aid of formula (I) is preferably in an amount of 0.1 - 30 phr, particularly preferably 0.5 - 25 phr, most preferably 1 - 20 phr, mostly preferably 3 - 15 phr, is contained in the rubber mixture.

[0060] In formula (I) x = 0-8, preferred x = 0-3, particularly preferred x = 0-2, mostly preferred x = 1, and y = 0-8, preferred y = 0-3, particularly preferred y = 0-2, mostly preferred y = 0, and w = 0-6, preferred w = 0-3, particularly preferred w = 0-1, mostly preferred w = 1.

[0061] In formula (I) Z is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 22 alkylene chain, wherein the branches can also form a cyclic ring, preferably C 6 cycloalkylene, preferably a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkylene chain, particularly preferably a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkylene chain, most particularly preferably a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 alkylene chain.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, Z is a linear, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 22 alkylene chain, preferably a linear, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkylene chain, particularly preferably a linear, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkylene chain, and most particularly preferably a linear, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 alkylene chain.

[0063] In a particularly preferred embodiment, Z = (CH 2 ) z with z = 1-22, preferably z = 1-10, particularly preferably z = 2-6, most preferably z = 3.

[0064] Preferably, rubber compounds according to the invention are comprising the at least one processing aid of formula (I) with Z = (CH 2 ) z with z = 1-10, x = 0-3, y = 0-3, w = 0-3, particularly preferably with z = 2-6, x = 0-2, y = 0-2, w = 0-1, most preferably with z = 3, x = 1, y = 0, w = 1.

[0065] In an alternative embodiment, Z is a branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C22 alkylene chain, preferably a branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkylene chain, wherein the branches may also form a cyclic ring, preferably a C6 cycloalkylene. In this alternative embodiment, Z is preferably selected from 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene and a compound of formula (C):

[0066] Formula (C) comprises four stereoisomers, all of which are contained within the compound of formula (C). Selecting Z from the compound of formula (C) allows for the selection of one or more stereoisomers from formula (C).

[0067] Preferably, R1< and R2< in the at least one process aid of formula (I) are selected independently of each other from formula (A). Particularly preferably, R1< and R2< are identical and selected from formula (A).

[0068] Preferably, R3< and R4< in the at least one process aid of formula (I) are selected independently of each other from formula (B). Particularly preferably, R3< and R4< are identical and selected from formula (B).

[0069] In a particularly preferred embodiment, Z = (CH 2 ) z with z = 2-6, more preferably z = 3, and R 1< and R 2< are equal and selected from formula (A) with x = 0-2, more preferably x = 1, and with w = 0-1, more preferably w = 1, and R 3< and R 4< are equal and selected from formula (B) with y = 0-2, more preferably y = 0.

[0070] In a most preferred embodiment, this is at least one process aid of formula (I) N,N -Dimethyl- N ', N '-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-diamine.

[0071] In a further preferred embodiment, at least three of the residues R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from formula (A). Particularly preferably, these at least three residues are identical, most preferably with x = 0-2, more preferably with x = 1, and with w = 0-1, more preferably with w = 1.

[0072] In addition to the at least one processing aid of formula (I), rubber mixtures according to the invention may contain one or more further processing aids which are different from the at least one processing aid of formula (I).

[0073] Preferably, the at least one processing aid of formula (I) constitutes at least 20 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 40 wt.%, most preferably at least 70 wt.%, and most preferably at least 80 wt.% of the processing aids that may be contained in the rubber mixture according to the invention, wherein the wt.% are based on the total amount of the processing aids.

[0074] These further processing aids can be, for example, alcohols, amides, acids, esters, surfactants and / or amides. A preferred further processing aid in the rubber compound according to the invention is selected from the group containing alcohols, acids and esters, preferably from the group containing acids, particularly preferably selected from palmitic acid and stearic acid, most preferably stearic acid.

[0075] Within the scope of this invention, process aids preferably serve to improve the processability of the rubber mixture, and particularly preferably to improve the transport of the rubber mixture through the mixer.

[0076] Preferably, the process aids within the scope of the present invention are different from the other ingredients of the rubber mixture according to the invention, such as the at least one rubber, the at least one hydroxyl group-containing oxide filler, the at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes, the at least one crosslinker from the series of sulfur and sulfur donors, the optional at least one vulcanization accelerator and the optional one or more rubber aids.

[0077] The at least one processing aid of formula (I) is preferably contained in the rubber mixtures according to the invention in an amount of 0.1 - 30 phr, particularly preferably in an amount of 0.5 - 25 phr, most preferably in an amount of 1 - 20 phr, and most preferably in an amount of 3 - 15 phr. Reinforcing additives

[0078] The rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes.

[0079] Preferred sulfur-containing organic silanes are bifunctional sulfur-containing organic silanes that have at least one alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, or phenoxy group on the silicon atom and as a other functionality a group selected from -SCN, -SH or -Sx- with x = 2 to 8.

[0080] Particularly preferred are sulfur-containing silanes containing alkoxysilyl groups and especially preferred are sulfur-containing organic silanes containing trialkoxysilyl groups.

[0081] The rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain one or more sulfur-containing silanes from the series bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane, bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl disulfane) and 3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol.

[0082] For improved dosing and / or dispersibility, liquid sulfur-containing silanes can be applied to a carrier (dry liquid). The sulfur-containing silane content in these "dry liquids" is preferably between 30 and 70 parts by weight, and particularly preferably between 40 and 60 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of dry liquid.

[0083] The rubber mixtures according to the invention generally contain 0.1 to 20 phr, preferably 0.5 to 15 phr and particularly preferably 1.0 to 10 phr of at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes. Rubber aids

[0084] The rubber compounds according to the invention may further contain one or more rubber additives. Examples of suitable rubber additives include aging inhibitors, adhesion promoters, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, flame retardants, processing aids, impact strength enhancers, plasticizers, tackifiers, blowing agents, dyes, pigments, waxes, extenders, organic acids, retarders, and reversion inhibitors.

[0085] The rubber compounds according to the invention can contain one or more antioxidants. Suitable antioxidants include amine-based antioxidants such as diaryl-p-phenylenediamines (DTPD), octylated diphenylamine (ODPA), phenyl-α-naphthylamine (PAN), phenyl-β-naphthylamine (PBN), preferably those based on phenylenediamines. B. N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine (CCPD), N-Isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N 1,3-Dimethylbutyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), N-1,4-Dimethylpentyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (7PPD), N,N'-bis-(1,4-Dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine (77PD) and phosphites such as tris-(nonylphenyl)phosphite, polymerized 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ), methyl-2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MMBI) and zinc methylmercaptobenzimidazole (ZMMBI) and mixtures thereof.Particularly preferred is the at least one anti-aging agent selected from the group consisting of N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine (CCPD) and N 1,3-Dimethyl¬butyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD).

[0086] Processing aids are intended to act between the rubber particles and counteract frictional forces during mixing, plasticizing, and deformation. As processing aids, the rubber compounds according to the invention can contain all lubricants commonly used in the processing of plastics, such as hydrocarbons, oils (e.g., aromatic process oil), paraffins and PE waxes, fatty alcohols with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, ketones, carboxylic acids (e.g., fatty acids and montanic acids), oxidized PE wax, aromatically modified cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resins, metal salts of carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid amides, and carboxylic acid esters, for example, with the alcohols ethanol, fatty alcohols, glycerol, ethanediol, pentaerythritol, and long-chain carboxylic acids as the acid component.

[0087] To reduce flammability and smoke development during combustion, the rubber compounds according to the invention can contain flame retardants. Examples of such flame retardants include antimony trioxide, phosphoric acid esters, chlorinated paraffin, aluminum hydroxide, boron compounds, zinc compounds (excluding ZnO), molybdenum trioxide, ferrocene, calcium carbonate, or magnesium carbonate.

[0088] Prior to crosslinking, further plastics can also be added to the rubber mixtures according to the invention, which act, for example, as polymeric processing aids or impact strength improvers. These plastics are preferably selected from the group consisting of homo- and copolymers based on ethylene, propylene, butadiene, styrene, methylstyrene, coumarene, indene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, acrylates and methacrylates with alcohol components of branched or unbranched C1 to C10 alcohols, wherein polyacrylates with the same or different alcohol residues from the group of C4 to C8 alcohols, in particular butanol, hexanol, octanol and 2-ethylhexanol, polymethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate copolymers, methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, chlorinated polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene diene copolymers are particularly preferred.

[0089] Known adhesives are based on resorcinol, formaldehyde, and silica, the so-called RFS direct adhesive systems. These direct adhesive systems can be used in any quantity of the rubber mixture according to the invention at any point during mixing into the rubber mixture according to the invention.

[0090] Furthermore, the rubber compounds according to the invention can contain at least one vulcanization retarder.

[0091] Examples of such retarders include vulcanization retarders from the group of sulfenamide retarders based on acidic compounds such as phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, benzoic acid or salicylic acid, and from the group of N -Nitroso compounds based on diphenylamine or trimethyldihydroquinoline are in question.

[0092] Preferably, the at least one vulcanization retarder is selected from the group consisting of sulfenamide retarders, most preferably selected from N-cyclohexylthiophthalimide and N-phenyl-N-(trichloromethylsulfenyl)-benzenesulfonamide, most preferably N-cyclohexylthiophthalimide.

[0093] Typical amounts for the minimum vulcanization retarder are 0.01 - 10 phr.

[0094] The rubber additives contained in the mixture according to the invention are preferably different from the other ingredients of the rubber mixture according to the invention, such as the at least one rubber, the at least one hydroxyl group-containing oxide filler, the at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes, the at least one crosslinker from the series of sulfur and sulfur donors, the optional at least one vulcanization accelerator, the at least one processing aid of formula (I) and the optional further processing aids.

[0095] The rubber additives can be added to the rubber compounds according to the invention in the quantities usual for these additives, which also depend on the intended use of the vulcanizates produced therefrom. Usual quantities are, for example, 0.1 to 30 phr.

[0096] However, if a rubber auxiliary is overlapped with one of the other ingredients of the rubber mixtures according to the invention, for example the at least one rubber, the at least one hydroxyl group-containing oxide filler, the at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes, the at least one crosslinker from the series of sulfur and sulfur donors, the optional at least one vulcanization accelerator, the at least one processing aid of formula (I) and / or the optional further processing aids, this rubber auxiliary is preferably included in the rubber mixture according to the invention only as an addition to the general and preferred amounts specified for this other ingredient.

[0097] Rubber mixtures according to the invention are particularly preferred if they contain 50 to 100 phr of at least one functionalized synthetic rubber, preferably 70 to 100 phr, preferably one functionalized BR rubber and / or functionalized SBR rubber; 0 to 50 phr of at least one natural rubber and / or unfunctionalized synthetic rubber, preferably 0 to 30 phr; 20 to 200 phr of at least one hydroxyl-containing oxide filler; 0.5 to 15 phr of at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes, preferably bifunctional sulfur-containing organic silanes having at least one alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, or phenoxy group on the silicon atom and as the other functionality a group selected from -SCN, -SH, or -Sx- with x = 2 to 8; particularly preferably alkoxysilyl group-containing sulfur-containing silanes and most preferably trialkoxysilyl group-containing sulfur-containing organic silanes, 0.1 to 120 phr of at least one carbon black, preferably 0.1 to 100 phr, 0,5 to 10 phr of at least one crosslinking agent from the group consisting of sulfur donors and sulfur, 0.1 to 10 phr of zinc oxide, 0.1 to 10 phr of at least one vulcanization accelerator, 0.1 to 30 phr of at least one processing aid of formula (I), preferably 0.5 - 25 phr, particularly preferably 1 - 20 phr, most preferably 3 - 15 phr. ,

[0098] The aforementioned additional preferred areas of the individual components also apply to these preferred mixtures. Methods for producing rubber compounds

[0099] Another object of the present invention is a method for producing the rubber mixtures according to the invention, characterized in that the respective components are mixed in a mixing process.

[0100] Preferably, at least one rubber is mixed together in the presence of at least one hydroxyl-containing oxide filler, at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes, optionally at least one vulcanization accelerator, and at least one processing aid of formula (I), as well as optionally further rubber aids and optionally further processing aids in the aforementioned general and preferred quantities, at a temperature in the range of 50 to 180°C, particularly preferably 60 to 170°C.

[0101] The production of the rubber compounds according to the invention is carried out in the usual manner in known mixing units, such as rollers, internal mixers, downstream mixing roller mills and mixing extruders at shear rates of 1 to 1000 sec -1< .

[0102] Preferably, the rubber compounds according to the invention are produced in a three-stage mixing process.

[0103] Preferably, in a first mixing stage, rubber, the fillers and optionally further rubber additives mentioned above, preferably anti-aging agents, and optionally the at least one vulcanization accelerator, preferably the guanidine-containing vulcanization accelerator, and the at least one process aid of formula (I) and optionally further process aids are incorporated into the rubber in an internal mixer (kneader).

[0104] Preferably, the at least one rubber, the at least one hydroxyl group-containing oxide filler, the at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes, optionally the at least one vulcanization accelerator, preferably the guanidine-containing vulcanization accelerator, and the at least one process aid of formula (I) as well as optionally further rubber aids are mixed in the first mixing stage in the process for producing the rubber mixtures according to the invention.

[0105] Mixing temperatures in the internal mixer can reach values ​​up to 180°C. The temperature in the first mixing stage is preferably 130 to 180°C, particularly preferably 140 to 170°C.

[0106] The second step, preferably a so-called post-tapping, then takes place, preferably at 130–180°C, particularly preferably at 160°C. This post-tapping can, for example, be carried out in an internal mixer.

[0107] Preferably, in a third mixing stage, at least one crosslinking agent from the group consisting of sulfur and sulfur donors, as well as optionally at least one further vulcanization accelerator and optionally further rubber additives, are added to the rubber mixture obtained from the second mixing stage. The temperature in the third mixing stage is preferably 50–130°C, particularly preferably 60–120°C.

[0108] The addition of the process aid of formula (I) can take place at any time during the mixing, preferably in the first mixing stage at a temperature in the range of 130°C to 180°C, preferably at a temperature of 140°C to 170°C.

[0109] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method for producing the rubber compounds according to the invention, First, the at least one rubber, the at least one hydroxyl-group-containing oxide filler, the at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes, optionally the at least one vulcanization accelerator, preferably the guanidine-containing vulcanization accelerator, and the at least one processing aid of formula (I), as well as optionally further rubber aids and optionally further processing aids, are mixed, preferably at 130 to 180°C, and subsequently the at least one crosslinker from the group consisting of sulfur and sulfur donors, as well as optionally the at least one further vulcanization accelerator and optionally further rubber aids are added to the resulting rubber mixture, preferably at 50 - 130°C. Methods for the production of rubber vulcanizates

[0110] The present invention further relates to a method for producing rubber vulcanizates, characterized in that the rubber mixture according to the invention is heated at temperatures of 120 to 200°C, preferably at 140 to 180°C.

[0111] The process for producing the rubber vulcanizates according to the invention can be carried out in a wide pressure range, preferably at a pressure in the range of 10 to 200 bar.

[0112] A further object of the present invention is rubber vulcanizates obtainable by vulcanization of the rubber mixtures according to the invention. Molded body

[0113] The rubber vulcanizates according to the invention are suitable for the production of molded bodies of all kinds, such as tire components, technical rubber articles like damping elements, roller coverings, conveyor belt linings, belts, spindles, seals, golf ball cores, and shoe soles. In particular, they are suitable for the production of tires and tire parts, such as tire treads, subtreads, carcasses, tire sidewalls, reinforced sidewalls for run-flat tires, and apex compounds. Tire treads also include treads of summer, winter, and all-season tires, as well as treads of passenger car, truck, and light truck tires.

[0114] Preferred molded bodies are tires and tire parts containing a rubber vulcanizate according to the invention. use

[0115] A further aspect of the present invention is the use of the at least one process aid of formula (I) R 1< R 2< NZNR 3< R 4< formula (I) wherein R1< , R2< , R3< and R4< are each independently selected from (CH2 ) x CH(OH)(CH2 ) w H formula (A) and (CH2 ) y CH3 formula (B) with x = 0-8, y = 0-8, w = 0-6, wherein Z is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C22 alkylene chain, wherein the branches may also form a cyclic ring, preferably C6 cycloalkylene, preferably a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkylene chain, and wherein at least two of the residues R1< , R2< , R3< and R4< are independently selected from formula (A), in an amount of 0.1 to 30 phr, preferably 0.5 25 phr, particularly preferably 1 - 20 phr, most preferably 3 - 15 phr, preferably with Z = (CH 2 ) z with z = 2-6, particularly preferably z = 3, and R 1< and R 2< are equal and selected from formula (A) with x = 0-2, preferably x=1, and with w = 0-1, preferably w = 1,and R3< and R4< are equal and selected from formula (B) with y = 0-2, preferably y = 0, in sulfur-curable rubber compounds, the vulcanizates obtainable therefrom and the molded parts obtainable therefrom, for treating, preferably improving, the conflicting objectives of rolling resistance, wet braking and abrasion.

[0116] The use of at least one processing aid of formula (I) is usually preferred. N,N -Dimethyl- N' , N' -bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-diamine is, in an amount of 0.1 to 30 phr, preferably 0.5 - 25 phr, particularly preferably 1 - 20 phr, most particularly preferably 3 - 15 phr, in sulfur-curable rubber compounds, the vulcanizates obtainable therefrom and the molded parts obtainable therefrom, for the treatment, preferably for the improvement, of the conflicting objectives of rolling resistance, wet braking and abrasion.

[0117] The descriptions and preferred areas given for the components contained and optionally included in the rubber compound according to the invention apply analogously to, among other things, the disclosed processes and uses as well as the vulcanizates and molded parts.

[0118] Likewise, the descriptions and preferred areas mentioned above apply to, among others, the rubber compounds, vulcanizates, molded parts, processes and uses according to the invention, regardless of whether they were disclosed for the aforementioned in the plural (e.g. rubber compounds) or in the singular (e.g. rubber mixture).

[0119] The invention will be explained using the following examples, without, however, limiting it to them. Examples of implementation

[0120] Table 1: List of ingredients, abbreviations and manufacturers Trade name Explan Manufacturer / Distributor NIPOL ®< BR1261 Functionalized polybutadiene rubber (BR) Zeon SPRINTAN ®< SLR 3402 Functionalized styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) (TG -62 °C) Trinseo CORAX ®< N 234 soot Orion Engineered Carbons GmbH TDAE VIVATEC 500 aromatic process oil Hansen & Rosenthal (H&R GROUP) Stearic acid powder Stearic acid Peter Greven GmbH & Co. KG ANTILUX ®< 654 wax Lanxess Germany GmbH RHENOGRAN ®< CBS-80 Vulcanization accelerator, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole-sulfenamide (polymer-bound; containing 80% CBS) Lanxess Germany GmbH ZINC OXIDE WS Zinc oxide white seal Grillo Zinc Oxide GmbH SULFUR Ground sulfur Kandelium Group GmbH VULKANOX ®< 4020 / LG Anti-aging agents, N -1,3-Dimethylbutyl- N '-phenyl- p -phenylenediamine (6PPD) Lanxess Germany GmbH ULTRASIL® < 7000g Silica Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH VULKANOX ®< HS / LG Antiaging agent, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, polymerized (TMQ) Lanxess Germany GmbH SI75 ®< Silane, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH RHENOGRAN ®< DPG-80 Vulcanization accelerator, N , N' -Diphenylguanidine (polymer-bound; containing 80% DPG) Lanxess Germany GmbH Escorez® < 5600 Aromatically modified cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resin ExxonMobil N,N-Dimethyl-N',N'-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-diamine Process aids, connection of formula (I) BLD Pharmatech LTD. Process aid A: Mixture of 70 wt.% stearic acid, 25 wt.% TMP, 5 wt.% polyethylene glycol, based on the total weight of process aid A. Production of rubber vulcanizates

[0121] The rubber compounds of the non-inventive reference compounds (Examples 1 and 2) and the inventive rubber compound (Example 3) were prepared according to the formulations given in Table 2. Example 2 was prepared in accordance with WO2010136345A1. All rubber compounds of the examples contain stearic acid, whereas the rubber compound of Example 1 contains no further processing aid, the rubber compound of Example 2 contains a larger amount of stearic acid compared to Examples 1 and 3, as well as TMP, and the inventive rubber compound of Example 3 further contains the processing aid of formula (I), here N,N -Dimethyl- N ', N '-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-diamine, contains.

[0122] The production of the rubber compounds took place in the following steps: 1. Mixing stage:

[0123] ▪ NIPOL® BR1261 and SPRINTAN® SLR 3402 are placed in an internal mixer and mixed for approximately 30 seconds. ▪ Add half of ULTRASIL® 7000GR and SI® 75 and mix for approximately 60 seconds. ▪ Add half of ULTRASIL® 7000GR, CORAX® N 234, as well as stearic acid, Vulkanox® 4020, Vulkanox® HS, Antilux® 654, Vivatec 500, Escorez 5600 or RHENOGRAN® DPG-80, and process aids. N,N -Dimethyl- N ', N '-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-diamine, mix for approximately 60 seconds, then invert. Mix until a temperature of 160 °C is reached, then mix for 4 minutes at 160 °C.

[0124] After the first mixing stage, the mixture is picked up by a downstream rolling mill and formed into a sheet, strip, or pellets, then stored at room temperature for 24 hours. Processing temperatures during this stage are 70°C. 2nd mixing stage:

[0125] This was followed by mixing in an internal mixer until a temperature of 160°C was reached (the so-called post-mixing).

[0126] After completion of the second mixing stage, the mixture is picked up by a downstream rolling mill and formed into a sheet, strip or pellets and stored for 24 hours at room temperature. 3rd mixing stage:

[0127] The addition of sulfur, zinc oxide and the vulcanization accelerator Rhenogran ®< CBS-80 took place in the internal mixer for 2 min at 100 °C.

[0128] After the third mixing stage, the mixture is formed into a sheet, strip, or pellets using a roller mill and stored at room temperature for 24 hours. Processing temperatures during this stage are 70°C.

[0129] The rubber compound according to the invention of example 3 shows no specks on the surface, so it can be assumed that the additives used are well mixed. Table 2: Components of the rubber compounds according to the invention Example 1 2 3 (required) Nipol ®< BR 1261 40 40 40 Sprintan ®< SLR 3402 60 60 60 CORAX ®< N 234 5 5 5 Ultrasil® < 7000 g 120 120 120 Viva Tec 500 20 20 20 Process aid A 10 N , N -Dimethyl- N ', N '-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-diamin 10 Escorez® < 5600 30 30 30 Antilux ®< 654 2 2 2 VULKANOX ®< 4020 / LG 2 2 2 VULKANOX ®< HS / LG 2 2 2 SI75 ®< 8,5 8,5 8,5 Stearic acid 2 2 2 Zinc oxide WS 2,5 2,5 2,5 Rhenogran® < CBS-80 2 2 2 Rhenogran® < DPG-80 2,5 2,5 2,5 Ground sulfur 2 2 2 Quantity given in phr (parts by weight per 100 parts of rubber) Technical inspection

[0130] The vulcanizates produced at 160°C from the rubber compounds of Examples 1-3 were subjected to the technical tests specified below. The determined values ​​can be found in Table 3.

[0131] The following test procedures were used for the tests on test specimens: Mooney viscosity measurement

[0132] The viscosity was determined using a shear disc viscometer according to ASTM D 1646. Viscosity can be directly determined from the force that rubbers and rubber compounds resist during processing. In the Mooney shear disc viscometer, a grooved disc is enclosed top and bottom with sample material and rotated at approximately two revolutions per minute in a heated chamber. The force required for this rotation is measured as torque and corresponds to the respective viscosity. The sample is typically preheated to 100°C for one minute; the measurement then takes a further four minutes, during which the temperature is kept constant. The viscosity is reported together with the respective test conditions, for example, ML (1+4) 100°C (Mooney viscosity, rotor size L, preheating time and test time in minutes, test temperature). Rheometer (vulcameter) used and vulcanization time

[0133] The vulcanization process on the MDR (moving die rheometer) and its analytical data were measured on a Monsanto rheometer MDR 2000 according to ASTM D5289-95.

[0134] The vulcanization time (t95) is determined as the time at which 95% of the rubber is cross-linked. The selected temperature was 160°C. Determination of elongation at break, tensile strength, modulus 300

[0135] These measurements were carried out according to DIN 53504 (tensile test, bar S2, 5-fold measurement). Determination of Shore A hardness

[0136] Measurement of Shore hardness (Shore A) according to DIN 53505 at 23 °C (3-fold measurement). Rebound elasticity

[0137] Measurement of rebound elasticity at 23 °C and 60 °C (3-fold measurement) according to DIN 53512. Determination of DIN abrasion

[0138] The simplest method for determining abrasive wear is the so-called DIN abrasion test according to DIN ISO 4649. The test specimen made of the elastomer under test is moved over a defined friction path (40 m) across a test abrasive arc mounted on a rotating cylinder under constant contact force and at constant speed (40 min⁻¹). The material loss is then measured in mm³. Determination of the loss factor

[0139] The loss factor tan δ was determined at 0°C, 23°C and 60°C and a measurement frequency of 10 Hz according to dynamic damping DIN 53513. Determination of tear strength

[0140] The tear strength was determined according to DIN ISO 34-1:2015 (Graves, Determination of tear resistance - Part 1: Strip, angle and arc-shaped specimens). Table 3: Results of the technical tests Example 1 2 3 (required) Mooney viscosity, ML1+4 (1st mixing stage) 122 80 105 Mooney viscosity, ML1+4 (3rd mixing stage) 94 74 82 Volcanization time T95 (min) 45 21 28 Module 300 (MPa) 7,2 10,3 11,3 Breaking strength (MPa) 13,3 17,7 19,9 Elongation at break (%) 446 453 443 Hardness (Shore A) 55 63 63 Rebound elasticity (%) 54 50 53 Abrasion (mm 3< ) 139 118 90 Tear strength (dNm) 21 54 73 tan d (0°C) 0,191 0,157 0,160 tan d (23°C) 0,153 0,140 0,148 tan d (60°C) 0,126 0,119 0,115 Conclusion

[0141] Example 2 (not according to the invention) shows that by adding the processing aid A, which contains TMP as well as larger amounts of stearic acid, the processing can be improved compared to the rubber mixture of Example 1 (not according to the invention), which contains less stearic acid.

[0142] By adding the processing aid of formula (I) in Example 3 according to the invention, the trade-off between abrasion, rolling resistance, and wet braking could surprisingly be improved compared to Example 2. This improvement in the balance of trade-offs is evident in Example 3 according to the invention by the increased tan Δ values ​​at 0°C and 23°C and the lower value at 60°C compared to Example 2, which contains the TMP-containing processing aid A. At the same time, the abrasion resistance of the vulcanizate of Example 3 according to the invention increases, as can be seen from the reduced DIN abrasion value.

[0143] In the rubber compound 3 according to the invention, the addition of the processing aid of formula (I) made it possible to N,N -Dimethyl- N ', N'-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-diamine, the Mooney viscosity is significantly reduced compared to the reference mixture of Example 1. In addition, the vulcanization time (t95) was improved.

Claims

1. Rubber mixture containing - at least one rubber, - at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler, - at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes, - at least one crosslinker from the group of sulfur and sulfur donors, and wherein said mixture further contains at least one processing aid of formula (I):         R1R2NZNR3R4     formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from         (CH2)xCH(OH)(CH2)wH     formula (A) and         (CH2)yCH3     formula (B) where x = 0-8, y = 0-8, w= 0-6, wherein Z is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C22-alkylene chain, wherein the branchings may also form a cyclic ring, preferably C6-cycloalkylene, preferably linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10-alkylene chain, and wherein at least two of the radicals R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from formula (A), and wherein the at least one processing aid of formula (I) is preferably present in the rubber mixture in an amount of 0.1 - 30 phr, particularly preferably of 0.5 - 25 phr, very particularly preferably of 1 - 20 phr, most preferably of 3 - 15 phr.

2. Rubber mixture according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one rubber is selected from the group consisting of natural rubber and synthetic rubbers, is preferably at least one functionalized synthetic rubber and is particularly preferably at least one functionalized synthetic rubber selected from the group consisting of functionalized SBR, functionalized BR and functionalized IR rubber, very particularly preferably from functionalized SBR and functionalized BR rubber.

3. Rubber mixture according to either of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler is selected from the group consisting of silicas, synthetic silicates and natural silicates and is present in the rubber mixture in an amount of 0.1 to 250 phr, preferably 20 to 200 phr, particularly preferably of 25 to 180 phr, very particularly preferably 30 - 160 phr.

4. Rubber mixture according to any of Claims 1-3, characterized in that Z is a linear, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C22-alkylene chain, preferably linear, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10-alkylene chain, particularly preferably linear, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6-alkylene chain, very particularly preferably linear, substituted or unsubstituted C3-alkylene chain5. Rubber mixture according to any of Claims 1-4, characterized in that R1 and R2 are independently selected from formula (A), preferably that R1 and R2 are identical and are selected from formula (A).

6. Rubber mixture according to any of Claims 1-5, characterized in that R3 and R4 are independently selected from formula (B), preferably that R3 and R4 are identical and are selected from formula (B).

7. Rubber mixture according to any of Claims 1-6, characterized in that Z = (CH2)z where z = 2-6, preferably z = 3, and R1 and R2 are identical and are selected from formula (A) where x = 0-2, preferably x = 1, and where w = 0-1, preferably w = 1, and R3 and R4 are identical and are selected from formula (B) where y = 0-2, preferably y = 0.

8. Rubber mixture according to any of Claims 1-7, characterized in that the at least one processing aid of formula (I) represents at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight, particularly preferably at least 70% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, of the processing aids that may be present in the rubber mixture according to the invention, wherein the % by weight values are based on the total amount of processing aids.

9. Rubber mixture according to any of Claims 1-8, characterized in that it contains at least one vulcanization accelerator, preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 10 phr, particularly preferably 0.2 to 5 phr.

10. Rubber mixture according to any of Claims 1-9, characterized in that the rubber mixture contains - 50 to 100 phr of at least one functionalized synthetic rubber, preferably 70 - 100 phr, preferably of a functionalized BR rubber and / or functionalized SBR rubber, - 0 to 50 phr of at least one natural rubber and / or non-functionalized synthetic rubber, preferably 0 to 30 phr, - 20 to 200 phr of at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler, - 0.5 to 15 phr of at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes, preferably difunctional sulfur-containing organic silanes which comprise at least one alkoxy, cycloalkoxy or phenoxy group at the silicon atom and a group selected from -SCN, -SH or -Sx- where x = 2 to 8 as another functionality, particularly preferably alkoxysilyl-containing sulfur-containing silanes and very particularly preferably trialkoxysilyl-containing sulfur-containing organic silanes, - 0.1 to 120 phr of at least one carbon black, preferably 0.1 to 100 phr, - 0.5 to 10 phr of at least one crosslinker from the group of sulfur donors and sulfur, - 0.1 to 10 phr of zinc oxide, - 0.1 to 10 phr of at least one vulcanization accelerator, preferably selected from the group of mercaptobenzothiazoles, thiocarbamates, dithiocarbamates, thiurams, thiazoles, sulfenamides, thiazolesulfenamides, xanthates, bi- or polycyclic amines, thiophosphates, dithiophosphates, caprolactams, thiourea derivatives, guanidines, cyclic disulfanes and amines, in particular zinc diaminediisocyanate, hexamethylenetetramine, 1,3-bis(citraconimidomethyl)benzene, and particularly preferably from the group of sulfenamides, very particularly preferably N-cyclohexylbenzothiazolesulfenamide (CAS No.: 95-33-0), and - 0.1 to 30 phr of at least one processing aid of formula (I), preferably 0.5 - 25 phr, particularly preferably 1 - 20 phr, very particularly preferably 3 - 15 phr.

11. Process for producing the inventive rubber mixtures according to any of Claims 1-10, characterized in that the respective components are mixed in a mixing process.

12. Process according to Claim 11, characterized in that in the process for producing the rubber mixture - initially the at least one rubber, the at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler, the at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes, optionally the at least one vulcanization accelerator, preferably the guanidine-containing vulcanization accelerator, and the at least one processing aid of formula (I) and optionally further rubber auxiliaries and optionally further processing aids are mixed, preferably at 130°C to 180°C, and - subsequently the at least one crosslinker from the group of sulfur and sulfur donors and optionally the at least one further vulcanization accelerator and optionally further rubber auxiliaries are added to the obtained rubber mixture, preferably at 50 - 130°C.

13. Vulcanizates obtainable by vulcanization of rubber mixtures according to any of Claims 1 to 10.

14. Shaped articles, preferably technical rubber articles and tyres, containing one or more rubber vulcanizates according to Claim 13.

15. Use of the at least one processing aid of formula (I)         R1R2NZNR3R4     formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from         (CH2)xCH(OH) (CH2)wH     formula (A) and         (CH2)yCH3     formula (B) where x = 0-8, y = 0-8, w= 0-6, wherein Z is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C22-alkylene chain, wherein the branchings may also form a cyclic ring, preferably C6-cycloalkylene, preferably linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10-alkylene chain, and wherein at least two of the radicals R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from formula (A), in an amount of 0.1 to 30 phr, preferably 0.5 - 25 phr, particularly preferably 1 - 20 phr, very particularly preferably 3 - 15 phr, preferably where Z = (CH2)z where z = 2-6, particularly preferably z = 3, and R1 and R2 are identical and are selected from formula (A) where x = 0-2, preferably x = 1, and where w = 0-1, preferably w = 1, and R3 and R4 are identical and are selected from formula (B) where y = 0-2, preferably y = 0, most preferably use of the at least one processing aid of formula (I) that is N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-diamine, in sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixtures, the vulcanizates obtainable therefrom and the shaped articles obtainable therefrom, for modifying, preferably for improving, the trade-off between rolling resistance, wet braking and abrasion.