Polyurethane foam forming system, foam product and use thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2024754879
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-07-17
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing polyurethane foam technologies for sound insulation materials, such as earplugs, lack a widely tunable recovery time, noise reduction performance, good skin appearance, and high mechanical properties at low density.
A polyurethane foam forming system comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion with specific monomer composition and non-ionic surfactant, an isocyanate composition with controlled NCO content and polyetherols, and optional additives, which together achieve the desired properties.
The system produces polyurethane foams with a density of 160-300 kg/m3, featuring widely tunable recovery time, excellent noise reduction, good skin appearance, and high tensile strength, making them suitable for earplugs and sound insulation materials.
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Figure PCTCN2024104602-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024104602-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024104602-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Polyurethane foam forming system, foam product and use thereofTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a polyurethane foam forming system, foam product and use thereof.BACKGROUND
[0002] Polyurethane ( “PU” ) foams can be used as sound insulation materials in various application fields, such as earplug or wall and ceiling sound isolation materials. To meet the application requirements, polyurethane foams need have relatively long recovery time, noise reduction performance, as well as good skin appearance and good mechanical property.
[0003] US4158087 describes a hydrophilic polyurethane foam with low resiliency. Specifically, this patent application discloses that the polyurethane foams comprise the reaction product of (1) an NCO terminated polyoxyalkylene urethane prepolymer containing at least 40 mol%of ethylene oxide units in the oxyalkylene portion of the prepolymer, (2) from about 40 to about 150 parts by weight on a solids basis based on 100 parts by weight of said prepolymer of an aqueous latex of a synthetic polymer having a solids content from about 20 to about 65 wt. %, and (3) any additional water necessary to obtain a weight ratio of water to prepolymer from about 20 to 250: 100 respectively. The obtained foams can be used for preparing earplug, but only have dry recovery time of more than ten seconds.
[0004] TW200639191A relates to a kind of hydrophilic polyurethane memory foam and its manufacturing method. The memory foam herein comprises hydrophilic PU prepolymer, acrylic emulsion polymer and polyether polyol as the main components. Such PU memory foams not only have good cushioning and uniform pressure relief but also have moisture absorbing. However, the PU memory foams only have recovery time of 1-10 seconds. In addition, this patent application does not mention the use of the memory foams for sound insulation materials.
[0005] US11401366 describes a flexible polyurethane foam, of which recovery time and / or airflow is increased by including certain tackifiers in the foam formulation. The foam is prepared by two-Component system instead of using isocyanate prepolymer. The obtained foams can be used for preparing earplug, but only have recovery time of several seconds.
[0006] Therefore, it is still required to provide new polyurethane foam forming system so as to obtain polyurethane foams which are suitable for sound insulation materials, especially earplug, which may have widely tunable recovery time, noise reduction performance, good skin appearance and good mechanical property.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] An objective of this invention is to provide a polyurethane foam forming system, so as to obtain polyurethane foam with a density of 160-300kg / m3, especially 170-250kg / m3, which has the following properties:
[0008] (1) widely tunable recovery time which is temperature insensitive and time stable,
[0009] (2) good skin appearance at low density,
[0010] (3) good noise reduction at low density, and
[0011] (4) high tensile strength at low density.
[0012] Surprisingly, it has been found by the inventors that the above objective may be achieved by providing a polyurethane foam forming system comprising
[0013] (A) an aqueous polymer dispersion containing a polymer that has a glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of -5 to 20 ℃, and is prepared from at least one monomer (A1) which contains hydroxyl monomer (A1-1) , wherein the hydroxyl monomer (A1-1) is in an amount of 3-30 wt. %, based on the total weight of monomer (A1) ;
[0014] wherein the dispersion contains non-ionic surfactant (A2) , in an amount of 0.5-9.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the monomers; and
[0015] wherein the solid content of the aqueous polymer dispersion is 3-80 wt. %, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer dispersion;
[0016] (B) an isocyanate composition comprising isocyanate prepolymers; and
[0017] (C) optionally additives and / or auxiliaries.
[0018] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, the isocyanate composition has an NCO content of from 4%to 15 wt. %and contains 70 to 100 wt. %of the isocyanate prepolymer, based on the total weight of the isocyanate composition.
[0019] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, the isocyanate composition is prepared from a reactant mixture comprising
[0020] (B1) an isocyanate component,
[0021] (B2) an isocyanate-reactive component, which is selected from one polyol / alcohol or a mixture of two or more polyols / alcohols, preferably a polyol mixture comprising polyetherols.
[0022] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, component (B1) is selected from the group consisting of tolylene 2, 4-and / or 2, 6-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane 2, 2’ -, 2, 4’ -and / or 4, 4’ -diisocyanate, polymeric diphenylmethane 2, 2’ -, 2, 4’ -and / or 4, 4’ -diisocyanate, naphthylene 1, 5-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4’ -, 2,4’ -and 2, 2’ -diisocyanate, and the derivatives or the mixture thereof.
[0023] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, component (B2) has average functionality in the range of 1.7 to 3.8, preferably 1.8 to 3.0; an average OH number of less than 200 mg KOH / g, and has average ethylene oxide (hereinafter “EO” ) wt. %of more than 40 wt. %, preferably more than 50wt. %, based on the total weight of component (B2) .
[0024] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 g / mol, preferably 100,000 to 450,000 g / mol, more preferably 150,000 to 300,000 g / mol.
[0025] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, the monomer (A1) contains a non-hydroxyl monomer (A1-2) selected from the group consisting of n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, styrene, methyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, butyl methacrylate, vinyl neodecanoate, and any combination thereof; the hydroxyl monomer (A1-1) is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl ethyl acrylate, hydroxyl propyl acrylate, hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, hydroxyl propyl methacrylate, hydroxyl butyl acrylate, and any combination thereof.
[0026] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, component (A2) non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymers, polyether-modified polysiloxanes, alkyl ethoxylates, polyether polyols, alkyl polyglycosides, and any combination thereof. Among them, alkyl ethoxylates is preferable.
[0027] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, the polyurethane foam forming system comprises component (C) , which is selected from antioxidants, anti-yellowing agent, slip aids and demolding aids, pigment, colorants, leveling agent, stabilizers, flame retardants, organic and / or inorganic fillers, reinforcing agents, and plasticizers.
[0028] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, the amount of component (C) is 0 to 3wt. %, preferably 0.5-2.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of polyurethane foam forming system.
[0029] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of component (B) to the component (A) is 1: (0.5-1.5) , preferably 1: (0.8-1.2) .
[0030] In a preferable embodiment of the invention, one or both of the components (B1) and (B2) are derived from biological sources.
[0031] Another objective of this invention is to provide a polyurethane foam, which is obtained from the above polyurethane foam forming system.
[0032] Another objective of this invention is to provide a process for producing the polyurethane foam, comprising the following steps:
[0033] (a) Optionally premixing components (C) with component (A) or (B) , preferably component (B) ;
[0034] (b) Mixing component (A) with component (B) to form component (I) ;
[0035] (c) Injecting component (I) into a mold to form polyurethane foam;
[0036] (d) Demolding the polyurethane foam from the mold, preferably by using mechanical forces or compressed air purge;
[0037] (e) Optionally washing the polyurethane foam; and
[0038] (f) Drying the polyurethane foam, preferably using method comprising microwave drying with moisture discharging system or heat drying.
[0039] Further objective of this invention is to provide the use of the polyurethane foam or the polyurethane foam obtained by the above process as earplug or wall and ceiling sound isolation material, preferably earplug.
[0040] Another objective of this invention is to provide an earplug obtained from the inventive polyurethane foam.
[0041] It has been surprisingly found that the inventive polyurethane foam has improved properties in terms of widely tunable recovery time, noise reduction performance, skin appearance and mechanical property. Furthermore, the inventive polyurethane foam is especially suitable for producing earplug.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0042] The present invention will now be described for purposes of illustration and not limitation. Except in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages, OH numbers, functionalities and so forth in the specification are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about. ”
[0043] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which the invention belongs. As used herein, the following terms have the meanings ascribed to them below, unless specified otherwise.
[0044] As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” refer to one or more than one (i.e., at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. By way of example, “an element” means one element or more than one element.
[0045] As used herein, the term “about” is understood to refer to a range of numbers that a person of skill in the art would consider equivalent to the recited value in the context of achieving the same function or result.
[0046] All the embodiments and the preferred embodiments disclosed herein can be combined as desired, which are also regarded as being covered within the scope of the present invention.
[0047] Unless otherwise identified, the temperature refers to room temperature and the pressure refers to ambient pressure. Unless otherwise identified, all percentages (%) are “percent by weight" .
[0048] Unless otherwise identified, the molecular weight of each component or polymer means a number-average molecular weight. In the present invention, the molecular weights of each component were determined by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) , according to GB / T 21863-2008.
[0049] Unless otherwise identified, relative humidity (R. H. ) means the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in wet air to the saturation pressure of water at the same temperature.
[0050] Unless otherwise identified, isocyanate group refers to the organic radical -N=C=O, denoted also as -NCO.
[0051] Unless otherwise identified, isocyanate refers to an organic compound with one or more isocyanate groups. Diisocyanate refers to an organic compound with two (2) isocyanate groups. Polyisocyanate refers to an organic compound with three (3) or more isocyanate groups.
[0052] Unless otherwise identified, polyol refers to an organic compound with two or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
[0053] Unless otherwise identified, OH value (sometime also termed as “hydroxyl value” or “hydroxyl number” ) is a measure of the concentration of the hydroxyl groups in a polyol or a polyol component. The OH value is calculated as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acetic acid taken up on acetylation of one gram of a chemical substance (in the present invention, a polyol, or a polyol component) that contains free hydroxyl groups. The OH values of each polyol component were determined in accordance with DIN 53240.
[0054] Unless otherwise identified, functionality (abbreviated as “Fn” ) of a polyol or a polyol component refers to the number or average number of OH groups per molecule.
[0055] In the present invention, the functionality is determined by the following formula:
[0056] Fn = Mn* (OHv) / 56100
[0057] wherein Mn represents number-average molecular weight of a polyol and OHv represents OH values of polyol component.
[0058] In the present invention, average functionality (FAv) means the average functionality of multiple pol-yols contained in polyol component (a) , and is represented by the following formula:
[0059] FAv = MR1*F1+ MR2*F2+ MR3*F3 +…,
[0060] wherein MR1 is the mole ratio of the first polyol in polyol component (B) and F1 is the functionality of the first polyol in polyol component (B) ; MR2 is the mole ratio of the second polyol in polyol compo-nent (B) and F2 is the functionality of the second polyol in polyol component (B) ; MR3 is the mole ratio of the second polyol in polyol component (B) and F2 is the functionality of the third polyol in polyol component (B) ; …
[0061] A polyurethane foam forming system of the present invention comprises:
[0062] (A) an aqueous polymer dispersion,
[0063] (B) an isocyanate composition comprising isocyanate prepolymers; and
[0064] (C) optionally additives and / or auxiliaries.
[0065] Aqueous polymer dispersion (A)
[0066] In the present invention, the solid content of the aqueous polymer dispersion is 3-80 wt. %, preferably 10-60 wt. %, more preferably 16-50 wt. %, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer dispersion. The polymer contained in aqueous polymer dispersion (A) has a glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of -5 to 20 ℃, preferably 0-20 ℃, more preferably 2-18 ℃, especially 5-15 ℃, and is prepared from at least one monomer (A1) which contains hydroxyl monomer (A1-1) , wherein the hydroxyl monomer (A1-1) is in an amount of 3-30 wt. %, preferably 5-28 wt. %, especially 5-20 wt. %, based on the total weight of monomers (A1) .
[0067] The monomer (A1) contains a hydroxyl monomer (A1-1) which is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl ethyl acrylate, hydroxyl propyl acrylate, hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, hydroxyl propyl methacrylate, hydroxyl butyl acrylate, and any combination thereof.
[0068] The monomer (A1) contains a non-hydroxyl monomer (A1-2) which is selected from the group consisting of n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, styrene, methyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, butyl methacrylate, vinyl neodecanoate, and any combination thereof.
[0069] Preferably, the polymer is a copolymer made up of at least two non-hydroxyl monomers (A1-2) and one hydroxyl monomer (A1-1) as mentioned above, for example a copolymer prepared from hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and styrene and having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 g / mol.
[0070] The dispersion contains non-ionic surfactant (A2) , in an amount of 0.5-9 wt. %, preferably 0.5-7.0 wt. %, more preferably 1.0-5.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the monomers. The non-ionic surfactant (A2) is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (hereinafter “PO” ) block polymers (also EO-PO block polymers) , polyether-modified polysiloxanes, alkyl ethoxylates, polyether polyols, alkyl polyglycosides, and any combination thereof. The examples suitable for use as the non-ionic surfactant (A2) are ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymers, which include PO / EO block polymers, such as surfactants commercially available under trade names PE 6200, PE 6400, and PE 6800, from BASF, and EO / PO block polymers, such as surfactants commercially available under trade names RPE 1720, RPE 1740, and RPE 2520, from BASF; polyether-modified polysiloxanes, such as surfactants commercially available under trade names B8409 and B82001; alkyl ethoxylates, which include C10-Guerbet alcohol ethoxylates, such as surfactants commercially available under trade names XP 30, XP 60, and XP 70, from BASF, and C13 oxo alcohol ethoxylates, such as surfactants commercially available under trade names TO 89, TO 3070, and TO 4070, from BASF; and fatty alcohol ethoxylates, such as emulsifier commercially available under trade name MOA-3 from various sources; and polyether polyols, which include polyols commercially available under trade names 2032, 2043, and GE 3000, from BASF.
[0071] The non-ionic surfactant (A2) contributes to widely tunable recovery time, such as good recovery time change after a storage of six months, and good skin appearance at low density. Furthermore, it also contributes to stability of aqueous polymer dispersion (A) .
[0072] In the present invention, the methods for preparing the aqueous polymer dispersion are commonly known by those skilled in the art, such as emulsion polymerization.
[0073] Isocyanate composition (B)
[0074] In the present invention, the isocyanate composition is prepared from a reactant mixture comprising
[0075] (B1) an isocyanate component,
[0076] (B2) an isocyanate-reactive component, which is selected from one polyol / alcohol or a mixture of two or more polyols / alcohols, preferably a polyol mixture comprising polyetherols, and
[0077] In the present invention, the isocyanate composition has an NCO content of from 4%to 15 wt. %, preferable 5%to 12 wt. %and contains 70 to 100 wt. %, preferable more than 80 wt. %, of the isocyanate prepolymer, based on the total weight of the isocyanate composition.
[0078] In the present invention, component (B1) used for producing the polyurethane composition of the invention comprises all isocyanates known for producing polyurethanes. Preferably, component (B1) is selected from the group consisting of tolylene 2, 4-and / or 2, 6-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane 2, 2’ -, 2, 4’ -and / or 4, 4’ -diisocyanate, polymeric diphenylmethane 2, 2’ -, 2, 4’ -and / or 4, 4’ -diisocyanate, naphthylene 1, 5-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4’ -, 2, 4’ -and 2, 2’ -diisocyanate, and the derivatives or the mixture thereof. Tolylene 2, 4-and / or 2, 6-diisocyanate (TDI) is more preferable, such as toluene diisocyanate commercially available under the trade name T80 from BASF.
[0079] In the present invention, the suitable component (B2) preferably has average functionality in the range of 1.7 to 3.8, preferably 1.8 to 3.0; and an average OH number of less than 200 mg KOH / g.
[0080] Preferably, the suitable component (B2) has average EO content of more than 40 wt. %, preferably more than 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of component (B2) . The suitable examples of the polyols are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polyether polyol, or the combination thereof, such as polyols commercially available under the trade names PEG 600, PEG 1500, 2048, GE3000, 7500 / 1, 7501 / 1, and any combination thereof. The suitable examples of alcohols are organic compounds, which are formed by replacing the hydrogen atom (s) of aliphatic hydrocarbons or alicyclic hydrocarbons, or the hydrogen atoms in the side chains of aromatic hydrocarbon with hydroxyl group (s) , such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, glycerol, or trimethylolpropane.
[0081] In the present invention, determination of the EO content of component (B2) is according to ANSI / ASTM D4875-1999.
[0082] In the preparation of the isocyanate composition (B) , first, component (B1) is heated to 40-60 ℃. Then, component (B2) is fed in a continuous or discontinues process within 1 to 3 hours. Afterwards, the above mixture is heated at 60-80 ℃ for 2-5 hours to obtain the isocyanate composition.
[0083] In the present invention, the weight ratio of component (B) to component (A) is 1: (0.5-1.5) preferably 1: (0.8-1.2) .
[0084] One or both of the components (B1) and (B2) can be derived from biological sources.
[0085] Additives and / or auxiliaries (C)
[0086] In the present invention, the polyurethane foam forming system comprises optional additives and / or auxiliaries as component (C) , which is selected from antioxidants, anti-yellowing agent, slip aids, demolding aids, pigment, colorants, leveling agent, stabilizers, flame retardants, fillers, reinforcing agents, plasticizers, and any combination thereof. If component (C) is added, anti-yellowing agent is preferable. The anti-yellowing agent is selected from the group consisting of a phenolic compound, a phosphite, a thioester, and any combination thereof. Suitable examples of the anti-yellowing agent are those commercially available under the trade names AOX 116, AOX 125 (asynergistic blend of polymeric lactone-based antioxidants and proprietary carbon-centered radical scavengers) , PUR 70 (phenolic derivatives) , PUR 68 (phenolic derivatives) , Chinox 323TP and CHISORB1260, and any combination thereof. Preferably, phenolic compound is used as anti-yellowing agent, especially additive under the trade name PUR 70.
[0087] The amount of component (C) is 0 to 3wt. %, preferably 0.5-2.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of polyurethane foam forming system.
[0088] The present invention further provides a polyurethane foam, which is obtained from the above polyurethane foam forming system.
[0089] The present invention further provides a process for producing the polyurethane foam, comprising the following steps:
[0090] (a) Optionally premixing components (C) with component (A) or (B) , preferably with component (B) ;
[0091] (b) Mixing component (A) with component (B) to form component (I) ;
[0092] (c) Injecting component (I) into a mold to form polyurethane foam;
[0093] (d) Demolding the polyurethane foam from the mold, preferably by using mechanical forces or compressed air purge;
[0094] (e) Optionally washing the polyurethane foam; and
[0095] (f) Drying the polyurethane foam, preferably using method comprising microwave drying with moisture discharging system, or heat drying.
[0096] In the preparation of the polyurethane foam, polymer dispersion (A) and isocyanate composition (B) are mixed at a weight ratio of 0.5-1.5: 1 and at a speed of 5000-6000 rpm for 2-5 seconds. Then the formed mixture is injected in a mold with a mold temperature of room temperature to 50 ℃. After 2-8 minutes, the foam is demolded by using compressed air purge. The wet foam is dried in an oven with ventilation equipment and the drying process is conducted at a temperature of 60-80 ℃ over a period of 6-8 hours. Alternatively, the wet foam is dried in a microwave drying equipment with a moisture discharging system; and the drying process is conducted at a microwave power of 20-180 kW over a period of 1-15 minutes.
[0097] The present invention also provides an earplug comprising the inventive polyurethane foam.
[0098] The polyurethane foam according to the present invention is especially suitable for producing earplug, which shows the following advantages: the widely tunable recovery time ranging from 5 seconds to 10 minutes at using temperatures (10 ℃-35 ℃) ; good temperature insensitiveness of recovery time, i.e., the absolute value of the change of recovery time is less than 25%when temperature changes from 10 ℃ to 25 ℃ (low temperature sensitiveness) and from 25 ℃ to 35 ℃ (high temperature sensitiveness) ; good recovery time stability -the recovery time change is within 15%after a storage of three months; fine skin appearance at low density-the earplug has an average cell diameter of below 125 μm on the surface at a density as low as 160 kg / m3; good noise reduction above 30 dB at a density as low as 190 kg / m3; good tensile strength above 24N at a density as low as 190 kg / m3.
[0099] EXAMPLES
[0100] In the below examples, the solid content of the aqueous polymer dispersion was determined by drying a defined amount of the aqueous polymer dispersion (about 2 g) to constant weight in an aluminum crucible having an internal diameter of about 5 cm at 120℃ in a drying cabinet (about 2 hours) . Two separate measurements were conducted. The value reported in the example is the mean of the two measurements.
[0101] The glass transition temperature of the polymer was determined by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method in accordance with the standard ISO 11357-2: 2013 by a DSC Q 2000 series instrument from TA Instruments with the following parameters: 20 K / min, midpoint measurement.
[0102] The following materials were used:
[0103] Component (A) :
[0104] Polymer dispersion 1 (OH monomer 5 wt. %, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 4.1 wt. %)
[0105] Polymer dispersion 2 (OH monomer 27 wt. %, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 4.1 wt. %)
[0106] Polymer dispersion 3 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 4.1 wt. %)
[0107] Polymer dispersion 4 (no OH monomer, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 4.1 wt. %)
[0108] Polymer dispersion 5 (OH monomer 35 wt. %, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 4.1 wt. %)
[0109] Polymer dispersion 6 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 0.3 wt. %)
[0110] Polymer dispersion 7 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 11.0 wt. %)
[0111] Polymer dispersion 8 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 2.1 wt. %)
[0112] Polymer dispersion 9 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 7.0 wt. %)
[0113] Polymer dispersion 10 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg -4 ℃, surfactant 4.1 wt. %)
[0114] Polymer dispersion 11 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg 18 ℃, surfactant 4.1 wt. %)
[0115] Polymer dispersion 12 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg -10 ℃, surfactant 4.1 wt. %)
[0116] Polymer dispersion 13 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg 25 ℃, surfactant 4.1 wt. %)
[0117] Polymer dispersion 14 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 1.0 wt. %)
[0118] Polymer dispersion 15 (OH monomer 14 wt. %, Tg 12 ℃, surfactant 5.7 wt. %)
[0119] Polymer dispersions 1-15 had a solid content of 20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer dispersion. OH monomer (A1-1) amount of each of polymer dispersions 1-15 was based on the total weight of the monomer (A1) of the corresponding dispersion. Surfactant amount of each of polymer dispersions 1-15 was based on the total weight of the corresponding monomers.
[0120] The polymer dispersions 1-15 containing the polymer with weight average molecular weight of 200,000 g / mol was prepared according to the composition shown in the table below. Surfactant used in polymer dispersion 1-15 was also shown in the following Table 1. The specific preparation process of the polymer dispersions was as follows:
[0121] Polymerization was carried out in a 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet and a stirrer. Total monomer amount was set as 100 g and the required amounts of monomers and surfactant were mixed in 50 g of deionized water to prepare the pre-emulsion. Before reaction started, 50 g of deionized water was added into the round bottom flask, and the flask was purged with nitrogen for 3 times. After the reactor was heated to 85 ℃, 3 wt. %of the pre-emulsion, based on the total weight of the pre-emulsion, was added and 0.2 g of sodium persulfate was charged and then the contents were held for 10 minutes. Then, the rest 97 wt. %of pre-emulsion and 0.2 g of sodium persulfate were fed over a period of 180 minutes. After the feeding, the residual monomer was chased by cofeeding 0.1g of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and 0.1g of sodium metabisulfite over 30 minutes. After the monomer chasing period, the contents were cooled down to room temperature, which was use as the polymer dispersion for manufacturing polyurethane foam.
[0122] Table 1
[0123] n-butyl acrylate, available from BASF
[0124] Styrene, available from BASF
[0125] “HEMA” , hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, available from BASF
[0126] XP 30, available from BASF
[0127] TO3070, available from BASF
[0128] PE 6200, available from BASF
[0129] GE 3000, available from BASF
[0130] Component (B) :
[0131] B1:
[0132] T80: toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is an 80%-20%mixture of the 2, 4 and 2, 6 isomers of toluene diisocyanate available from BASF
[0133] B2:
[0134] PEG 600 is a nominally bifunctional polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 600
[0135] PEG 1500 is a nominally bifunctional polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1500
[0136] 2048 is a trifunctional polyether polyol containing about 75%ethylene oxide and about 25%propylene oxide and with a molecular weight of 4000 available from BASF
[0137] GE 3000 is a trifunctional polyether polyol containing about 25%ethylene oxide and about 75%propylene oxide and with a molecular weight of 3000 available from BASF.
[0138] 7500 / 1 is a trifunctional polyether polyol with a molecular weight of 270 available from BASF
[0139] 7501 / 1 is a four-functional polyether polyol with a molecular weight of 360 available from BASF
[0140] Component (C) :
[0141] PUR 70: a BHT-&amine-free heat stabilizer blend available from BASF
[0142] 1. Preparation Example 1: Manufacturing Component (B) isocyanate composition
[0143] Component (B) isocyanate composition was prepared according to the components as specified in the following table 2. The amounts of the respective materials are given in percent by weight.
[0144] First, component (B1) was heated to 60 ℃ and then (B2) was fed in a continuous process within 1 hour. Afterwards, the above mixture was heated at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the isocyanate component (B) . The NCO%and wt. %of isocyanate prepolymer are marked in Table 2.
[0145] Table 2
[0146] Preparation Example 1-3 and Comparative Preparation Example 1-4
[0147] Regarding the comparative preparation examples, CPE 1 had an NCO content of less than 4 wt. %; CPE 2 has an NCO content of more than 15 wt. %, CPE 3 had an average EO wt. %less than 40 wt.%, based on the total weight of component (B2) ; and the component (B2) of CPE 4 had an average Fn of more than 3.8. Regarding the preparation examples, the average NCO wt. %values of PE1-PE3 were 8.0 wt. %, 6.2 wt. %and 10.0 wt. %, respectively; the average EO wt. %values of PE1-PE3 were 87 wt. %, 98 wt. %, and 75 wt. %, respectively; and the components (B2) of PE 1-3 had an average Fn of 2.3, 2.1 and 3.0, respectively.
[0148] 2. Preparation Example 2: Manufacturing polyurethane foam
[0149] Inventive Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were prepared according to the polyurethane foam forming system as specified in the following table 3. The amounts of the respective materials are given in percent by weight.
[0150] Polymer dispersions 14 and 15 were used as component (A) . Preparation example or comparative preparation example in Table 1 was used as component (B) . Component (B) and component (C) were pre-mixed and then mixed with component (A) , wherein component (A) and component (B) were at a weight ratio of 1: 0.98 in E2 and 1: 1 in E1, E3-4 and CE1-3. Each mixture was stirred at a speed of 6000 rpm for 2 seconds. Then it was injected in a mold with a mold temperature of 30 ℃. After 5 minutes, the foam was demolded by using compressed air purge. The wet foam was dried in an oven with ventilation equipment. The drying process was conducted at a temperature of 60 ℃ over a period of 8 hours. The obtained foams of Inventive Examples 1-4 have a density of around 220kg / m3.
[0151] Table 3 (weight of each component is given in gram)
[0152] From the above results, it can be seen that by using the inventive polyurethane foam forming system polyurethane foams were achieved with a density of less than 300kg / m3, which show improved properties: widely tunable recovery time, good skin appearance, good noise reduction and high tensile strength.
[0153] Inventive Examples 5-11 and Comparative Examples 4-10 were prepared according to the polyurethane foam forming system as specified in the following table 4. The amounts of the respective materials are given in percent by weight.
[0154] Polymer dispersion (A) and isocyanate component (B) were mixed so that polymer dispersion (A) and isocyanate composition (B) were at a weight ratio of 1: 1. The mixing was performed at a speed of 5000 rpm for 2 seconds. Then the formed mixture was injected in a mold with a mold temperature of 30 ℃. After 5 minutes, the foam was demolded by using compressed air purge. The wet foam was dried in an oven with ventilation equipment. The drying process was conducted at a temperature of 60 ℃ over a period of 8 hours. The obtained Foams of Inventive Examples 5-11 and Comparative Examples 4-10 have a density of around 190kg / m3.
[0155] The result data in Table 4 also show that owing to the polyurethane foam forming system according to the present invention, the earplug obtained has a lower density of 160-300kg / m3; recovery time can be widely tunable from 5 seconds to 10 minutes at normally using temperature from 10 ℃ to 35 ℃; temperature insensitiveness of recovery time, i.e., the absolute value of the change of recovery time is less than 25%when temperature changes from 10 ℃ to 25 ℃ (low temperature sensitiveness) or from 25 ℃ to 35 ℃ (high temperature sensitiveness) ; recovery time stability, i.e., the absolute value of the recovery time change, is within 15%after a storage of six months; fine skin appearance is characterized in having an average cell diameter of below 125 μm on the surface of the earplug foam; noise reduction is above or equal to 30 dB; and tensile strength is above 24N.
[0156] 3. Test methods
[0157] ·Noise reduction test
[0158] The determination of Noise reduction is according to ISO 4869-1: 2018.
[0159] ·Recovery time test
[0160] The recovery time was measured according to internal method. Specifically, the earplug was stored in the humidity chamber at the designated temperature and relative humidity for 1 hour before measurement. Then the earplug was pressed to a deformation of 75%along its cross-section direction, which means the diameter of the earplug foam is 25%of its original size. Upon release, the time for the earplug foam to regain 95%its original size was recorded as the recovery time.
[0161] ·Microscope test for the skin appearance (average cell diameter on the surface of ear plug)
[0162] Cell diameter on the surface of ear plug was measured by using Olympus BX51 microscope with a magnification of 10*20. The top surface of the earplug was measured, and the average number of cell diameter on the surface was calculated using ImageJ 1.53t software.
[0163] ·Tensile strength
[0164] The tensile strength was measured according to internal method. Specifically, earplug was placed between two clamps with a gap of 1cm and test is conducted at a speed of 100mm / min. The maximum tensile force applied during stretching an earplug to rupture was recorded as tensile strength.
[0165] The structures, materials, compositions, and methods described herein are intended to be representative examples of the invention, and it will be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited by the scope of the examples. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be practiced with variations on the disclosed structures, materials, compositions and methods, and such variations are regarded as within the ambit of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A polyurethane foam forming system comprising(A) an aqueous polymer dispersion containing a polymer that has a glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of -5 to 20 ℃, and is prepared from at least one monomer (A1) which contains hydroxyl monomer (A1-1) , wherein the hydroxyl monomer (A1-1) is in an amount of 3-30 wt. %, based on the total weight of monomer (A1) ;wherein the dispersion contains non-ionic surfactant (A2) , in an amount of 0.5-9 wt. %, based on the total weight of monomers; andwherein the solid content of the aqueous polymer dispersion is 3-80 wt. %, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer dispersion;(B) an isocyanate composition comprising isocyanate prepolymers; and(C) optionally additives and / or auxiliaries.2.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 1, wherein the isocyanate composition has an NCO content of from 4%to 15 wt. %and contains 70 to 100 wt. %of the isocyanate prepolymer, based on the total weight of the isocyanate composition.3.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 2, wherein the isocyanate composition is prepared from a reactant mixture comprising(B1) an isocyanate component, and(B2) an isocyanate-reactive component, which is selected from one polyol / alcohol or a mixture of two or more polyols / alcohols, preferably a polyol mixture comprising polyetherols.4.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 3, wherein component (B1) is selected from the group consisting of tolylene 2, 4-and / or 2, 6-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane 2, 2’-, 2, 4’-and / or 4, 4’-diisocyanate, polymeric diphenylmethane 2, 2’-, 2, 4’-and / or 4, 4’-diisocyanate, naphthylene 1, 5-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4’-, 2, 4’-and 2, 2’-diisocyanate, and the derivatives or the mixture thereof.5.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 3, wherein component (B2) has average functionality in the range of 1.7 to 3.8 and an average OH number of less than 200 mg KOH / g.6.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 5, wherein component (B2) has an average oxyethylene content of more than 40 wt. %, based on the total weight of component (B2) .7.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 1, wherein the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 g / mol and the monomer (A1) contains a non-hydroxyl monomer (A1-2) selected from the group consisting of n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, styrene, methyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, butyl methacrylate, vinyl neodecanoate, and any combination thereof; the hydroxyl monomer (A1-1) is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl ethyl acrylate, hydroxyl propyl acrylate, hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, hydroxyl propyl methacrylate, hydroxyl butyl acrylate, and any combination thereof.8.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 1, wherein the non-ionic surfactant (A2) is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymers, polyether-modified polysiloxanes, alkyl ethoxylates, polyether polyols, alkyl polyglycosides, and any combination thereof.9.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 1, wherein the amount of component (C) is 0 to 3wt. %, based on the total weight of polyurethane foam forming system.10.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 1, wherein the component (C) comprises at least one selected from antioxidants, anti-yellowing agent, slip aids, demolding aids, pigment, colorants, leveling agent, stabilizers, flame retardants, fillers, reinforcing agents, plasticizers, and any combination thereof.11.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the component (B) to the component (A) is 1: (0.5-1.5) .12.The polyurethane foam forming system according to claim 3, wherein one or both of the components (B1) and (B2) are derived from biological sources.13.A polyurethane foam, which is obtained from the polyurethane foam forming system according to any of claims 1-12.14.An earplug comprising the polyurethane foam according to claim 13.