Terminal and position measurement method

Abstract

This terminal has: a control unit that determines a terminal to which signals pertaining to position measurement in direct terminal-to-terminal communication are to be transmitted; a transmitting unit that transmits the signals pertaining to position measurement in direct terminal-to-terminal communication to one or a plurality of said determined terminals; and a receiving unit that receives signals based on the signals pertaining to position measurement in direct terminal-to-terminal communication from said one or a plurality of said determined terminals. The control unit calculates the position information of the terminal using the signals based on the signals pertaining to position measurement in direct terminal-to-terminal communication.

Description

Terminal and positioning method

[0001] The present invention relates to a terminal and a positioning method in a wireless communication system.

[0002] In LTE (Long Term Evolution) and successor systems to LTE (for example, LTE-A (LTE Advanced) and NR (New Radio) (also referred to as 5G)), D2D (Device to Device) technology is being considered, in which terminals communicate directly with each other without going through a base station (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] D2D reduces traffic between terminals and base stations and enables communication between terminals even when the base station becomes unable to communicate due to a disaster or the like. In the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), D2D is referred to as a "sidelink," but in this specification, the more general term D2D is used. However, in the description of the embodiments described later, the sidelink is also used as needed.

[0004] D2D communication is broadly divided into D2D discovery (also referred to as D2D discovery) for discovering other terminals with which communication is possible, and D2D communication (also referred to as D2D direct communication, D2D communication, terminal-to-terminal direct communication, etc.) for direct communication between terminals. Hereinafter, when there is no particular distinction between D2D communication, D2D discovery, etc., they are simply referred to as D2D. Furthermore, signals transmitted and received in D2D are referred to as D2D signals. Various use cases for services related to Vehicle to Everything (V2X) in NR have been studied (for example, Non-Patent Document 2).

[0005] 3GPP TS 38.211 V16.8.0 (2021-12) 3GPP TR 22.886 V15.1.0 (2017-03) 3GPP TS 38.305 V16.7.0 (2021-12) 3GPP TS 38.455 V16.6.0 (2021-12) 3GPP TS 37.355 V16.7.0 (2021-12) 3GPP TS 23.032 V16.1.0 (2021-12) 3GPP TS 38.215 V16.4.0 (2020-12)

[0006] Positioning has been considered in scenarios of direct communication between devices, such as in-coverage, partial coverage, and out-of-coverage, or in vehicle-to-everything (V2X), public safety, commercial, and industrial Internet of Things (IIOT), etc. However, a location estimation algorithm for acquiring location information of a device itself or other devices has not been clear.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its object to obtain location information of a device through direct communication between terminals.

[0008] According to the disclosed technology, a terminal is provided which has a control unit which determines a terminal to which a signal related to positioning in direct communication between terminals is to be transmitted, a transmitting unit which transmits the signal related to positioning in the direct communication between terminals to one or more of the determined terminals, and a receiving unit which receives a signal based on the signal related to positioning in the direct communication between terminals from the one or more determined terminals, and the control unit calculates position information of the terminal itself using the signal based on the signal related to positioning in the direct communication between terminals.

[0009] According to the disclosed technology, it is possible to obtain location information of the device itself through direct communication between terminals.

[0010] 1 is a diagram for explaining a wireless communication system. It is a diagram for explaining V2X. It is a diagram for explaining an example of communication in D2D. It is a diagram for explaining example (1) of positioning. It is a diagram for explaining an example of measuring DL-RSTD. It is a diagram for explaining an example of measuring UL-RTOA. It is a diagram for explaining example (2) of positioning. It is a diagram for explaining an example of measuring RTT. It is a flowchart for explaining example (1) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram for explaining example (1) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram for explaining an example of arrangement of reference signals according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart for explaining example (2) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram for explaining example (3) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart for explaining example (4) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram for explaining example (4) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart for explaining example (5) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram for explaining example (5) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram for explaining example (1) of determining a target terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example (2) of determining a target terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example (3) of determining a target terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10 or a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0012] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technology is used as appropriate. However, the existing technology is, for example, the existing LTE, but is not limited to the existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced, and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR), or wireless LAN (Local Area Network), unless otherwise specified.

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "configuring" radio parameters etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 are set.

[0015] Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20. Although Fig. 1 shows one base station 10 and one terminal 20, this is an example, and there may be a plurality of each.

[0016] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the terminal 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain, and the time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks. Furthermore, a transmission time interval (TTI) in the time domain may be a slot, or a subframe.

[0017] The base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the terminal 20. The synchronization signal is, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. The system information is transmitted, for example, via NR-PBCH and is also referred to as broadcast information. The synchronization signal and system information may also be referred to as SSB (SS / PBCH block). As shown in FIG. 1, the base station 10 transmits control signals or data to the terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from the terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals by performing beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of applying MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to the DL or UL. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may communicate via a secondary cell (SCell: Secondary Cell) and a primary cell (PCell: Primary Cell) using CA (Carrier Aggregation). Furthermore, the terminal 20 may perform communication via a primary cell of the base station 10 and a primary secondary cell group cell (PSCell: Primary SCG Cell) of another base station 10 using DC (Dual Connectivity).

[0018] The terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal, or an M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. As shown in FIG. 1, the terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. The terminal 20 also receives various reference signals transmitted from the base station 10 and measures propagation path quality based on the reception results of the reference signals. The terminal 20 may also be referred to as a UE, and the base station 10 may also be referred to as a gNB.

[0019] In addition, LTE or NR supports a carrier aggregation function that uses a wideband to secure data resources. The carrier aggregation function can secure wideband data resources by aggregating multiple component carriers. For example, a 100 MHz bandwidth can be used by aggregating multiple 20 MHz bandwidths.

[0020] Fig. 2 is a diagram for explaining V2X. 3GPP is studying the realization of V2X (Vehicle to Everything) or eV2X (enhanced V2X) by extending the D2D function, and is currently working on specifications. As shown in Fig. 1, V2X is a part of ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) and is a collective term for V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle), which refers to a communication mode between vehicles; V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure), which refers to a communication mode between a vehicle and a roadside unit (RSU: Road-Side Unit) installed on the side of the road; V2N (Vehicle to Network), which refers to a communication mode between a vehicle and an ITS server; and V2P (Vehicle to Pedestrian), which refers to a communication mode between a vehicle and a mobile terminal carried by a pedestrian.

[0021] In addition, 3GPP is studying V2X using LTE or NR cellular communication and terminal-to-terminal communication. V2X using cellular communication is also called cellular V2X. NR V2X is being studied to achieve high capacity, low latency, high reliability, and quality of service (QoS) control.

[0022] It is expected that future studies will be conducted on LTE or NR V2X that are not limited to 3GPP specifications. For example, it is expected that studies will be conducted on ensuring interoperability, reducing costs by implementing higher layers, methods for using or switching between multiple RATs (Radio Access Technologies), compliance with regulations in each country, and methods for acquiring, distributing, managing databases, and using data from LTE or NR V2X platforms.

[0023] In the embodiments of the present invention, a communication device is mainly assumed to be mounted on a vehicle, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this. For example, the communication device may be a terminal held by a person, a device mounted on a drone or an aircraft, a base station, an RSU, a relay station (relay node), a terminal with scheduling capability, etc.

[0024] Note that SL (Sidelink) may be distinguished from UL (Uplink) or DL ​​(Downlink) based on any one or a combination of the following 1) to 4). SL may also be called by other names: 1) Resource allocation in the time domain 2) Resource allocation in the frequency domain 3) Synchronization signal to be referenced (including SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal)) 4) Reference signal used in path loss measurement for transmission power control

[0025] Furthermore, with respect to SL or UL OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), CP-OFDM (Cyclic-Prefix OFDM), DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform - Spread - OFDM), OFDM without transform precoding, or OFDM with transform precoding may be applied.

[0026] In the LTE SL, Mode 3 and Mode 4 are defined for SL resource allocation to the terminal 20. In Mode 3, transmission resources are dynamically allocated by DCI (Downlink Control Information) transmitted from the base station 10 to the terminal 20. Also, in Mode 3, SPS (Semi Persistent Scheduling) is possible. In Mode 4, the terminal 20 autonomously selects transmission resources from a resource pool.

[0027] The term "slot" in the embodiments of the present invention may be interpreted as a symbol, a minislot, a subframe, a radio frame, a TTI (Transmission Time Interval), a time resource of a predetermined width, etc. The term "cell" in the embodiments of the present invention may be interpreted as a cell group, a carrier component, a BWP, a resource pool, a resource, a RAT (Radio Access Technology), a system (including a wireless LAN), etc.

[0028] In the embodiment of the present invention, the terminal 20 is not limited to a V2X terminal, and may be any type of terminal that performs D2D communication. For example, the terminal 20 may be a terminal carried by a user, such as a smartphone, or may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device, such as a smart meter.

[0029] Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of communication in D2D. As shown in Fig. 3, an environment is assumed in which multiple UEs, such as UE #A, UE #B, UE #C, and UE #D, communicate with each other. A resource pool used by each UE for transmission and reception is a set of resources in the time domain and the frequency domain. The resource pool may be configured or pre-configured by a system or a service provider. For example, in the resource pool, several time resources based on a periodicity may be available for periodic traffic. Also, for example, in the resource pool, some frequency resources may be unavailable to reduce interference with the Uu interface (a radio interface between a Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and a User Equipment (UE)).

[0030] 3 is a unit of scheduling in the frequency domain. For example, {10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100} PRBs may be configured or pre-configured as one subchannel.

[0031] The slot in the resource pool shown in Figure 3 is the unit of time domain scheduling. Symbol-based scheduling may be too complicated for UEs to autonomously select resources, but slot-based scheduling is not required.

[0032] As shown in FIG. 3, the beginning of a slot transmitted from UE #A to UE #B is a transient period from the perspective of the transmitting UE. The transient period is a period required for adjusting the transmission power. On the other hand, the beginning of a slot transmitted from UE #A to UE #B is used for AGC (Auto Gain Control) from the perspective of the receiving UE. The received power differs greatly between links, and a certain period is required to adjust the power range. Scheduling on a slot-by-slot basis can prevent an increase in AGC opportunities.

[0033] As shown in Fig. 3, the end of the slot for transmission from UE #A to UE #B is used as a transmission / reception switching period. A UE may transmit in slot n and then receive in slot n+1. The transmission / reception switching period is defined for each slot.

[0034] As shown in Fig. 3, if a transmission from UE#C to UE#A and a transmission from UE#D to UE#C overlap in the same slot, UE#C cannot transmit and receive simultaneously and must therefore drop one of the transmissions. In other words, D2D communication becomes half-duplex communication.

[0035] Note that the default setting when out of the coverage of the base station may be pre-configured. Note that the RRC connection / setting between UEs that perform unicast is called PC5-RRC connection / setting.

[0036] Here, positioning is considered in scenarios of direct communication between terminals, such as in-coverage, partial coverage, and out-of-coverage, or in Vehicle to Everything (V2X), public safety, commercial, and Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT), etc. In-coverage may mean that multiple UEs involved in the positioning are in the coverage of the BS, partial coverage may mean that some of the multiple UEs involved in the positioning are in the coverage of the BS, and out-of-coverage may mean that multiple UEs involved in the positioning are not in the coverage of the BS.

[0037] The location of the terminal 20 by the LMF (Location Management Function) in the Uu interface of 3GPP Release 16 or 17 is performed by the following methods 1) to 3) (see Non-Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 4, and Non-Patent Document 5).

[0038] 1) DL-TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) based method; 2) UL-TDOA based method; and 3) Multi-RTT (Round Trip Time) based method.

[0039] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example (1) of positioning. As shown in FIG. 4, the location information of the UE may be calculated based on the DL-TDOA. The location of the UE may be estimated based on the DL-RSTD (Received Signal Time Difference) measured by the UE of the DL radio signals transmitted from the TRPs of multiple NRs. The estimation may use the geographical location of the TRP and the DL transmission timing in the TRP. In addition to the DL-RSTD, the location of the UE may be estimated based on the RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) of the DL-PRS (Positioning Reference Signal).

[0040] In the method based on DL-TDOA, the UE's location may be calculated in the following procedure: 1) The gNB transmits DL-PRS from each TRP to the UE. 2) The UE reports the measurement result, DL-RSTD, to the GW and / or gNB and / or LMF via LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol). 3) The gNB reports timing information related to the TRP to the LMF via NRPPa (NR Positioning Protocol A). 4) Based on the above information reported from the UE and gNB, the LMF calculates the UE's location.

[0041] For example, as shown in Figure 4, the delay between the UE and TRP0, the delay between the UE and TRP1, and the delay between the UE and TRP2 may be measured, and the UE's location may be calculated based on the geographical location and DL transmission timing of each TRP.

[0042] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of measuring DL-RSTD. Hereinafter, "and / or" may also be written as " / ". As shown in FIG. 5, DL-RSTD may refer to the time difference measured by the UE between the start of reception of a DL subframe of a reference TRP (TRP0 in FIG. 5) and the start of reception of a DL subframe of another TRP. The start of the subframe may be determined by detecting the DL-PRS.

[0043] The transmission timing of each TRP does not have to be uniform.

[0044] Regarding the calculation of UE location by DL-TDOA, the information shown in 1)-5) below may be reported from the UE to the GW / gNB / LMF.

[0045] 1) PCI (Physical Cell ID), GCI (Global Cell ID) and TRP-ID for each measurement 2) DL-RSTD measurement results 3) DL-PRS-RSRP measurement results 4) Measurement time (time stamp) 5) Quality of each measurement Regarding the calculation of UE location using DL-TDOA, the information shown in 1)-6) below may be reported from the gNB to the LMF.

[0046] 1) PCI, GCI and TRP-ID of the TRP controlled by the gNB 2) Timing information of the TRP controlled by the gNB 3) DL-PRS settings of the TRP controlled by the gNB 4) Information related to the SSB of the TRP controlled by the gNB, e.g., SSB time and frequency resources 5) Information related to the spatial direction of the DL-PRS of the TRP controlled by the gNB 6) Information related to the geographical coordinates of the TRP controlled by the gNB

[0047] DL-RSTD may be defined as the time difference measured by the UE between the start of reception of a DL subframe of a reference TRP and the start of reception of a DL subframe of another TRP. Multiple DL-PRS resources may be used to determine the start of reception of the subframe.

[0048] As a report of timing information related to the TRP controlled by the gNB, the SFN initialization time of the TRP may be reported. The SFN initialization time is the time when SFN0 starts.

[0049] As a report of information related to the geographic coordinates of the TRP controlled by the gNB, a point on an ellipsoid having altitude and an ellipse indicating the error range may be reported (see Non-Patent Document 6). For example, latitude, longitude, altitude, altitude direction, altitude error range, etc. may be reported.

[0050] As shown in FIG. 4, the location information of the UE may be calculated based on the UL-TDOA. The location of the UE may be estimated based on the UL-RTOA (Relative Time of Arrival) measured by the TRPs of multiple NRs of the UL radio signals transmitted from the UE. Other setting information may be used for the estimation. In addition to the UL-RTOA, the location of the UE may be estimated based on the RSRP of the UL-SRS (Sounding Reference Signal).

[0051] In the UL-TDOA based method, the UE location may be calculated in the following steps: 1) The UE transmits SRS for multiple TRPs; 2) The gNB reports the measurement results, UL-RTOA and the geographical coordinates of the TRPs, to the LMF via the NRPPa; 3) Based on the above information reported by the gNB, the LMF calculates the UE location.

[0052] For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the RTOA from the UE to TRP0, the RTOA from the UE to TRP1, and the RTOA from the UE to TRP2 may be measured, and the UE's location may be calculated based on the geographical location and UL transmission timing of each TRP.

[0053] 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of measuring UL-RTOA. As shown in FIG. 6, UL-RTOA may refer to the time difference between the start of reception of a UL subframe including an SRS of a TRP and the RTOA reference time at which the UL is transmitted.

[0054] Regarding the calculation of UE location using UL-TDOA, the information shown in 1)-9) below may be reported from the gNB to the LMF.

[0055] 1) PCI, GCI and TRP-ID of the TRP controlled by the gNB 2) Information related to the SSB of the TRP controlled by the gNB, e.g., time and frequency resources of the SSB 3) Information related to the geographical coordinates of the TRP controlled by the gNB 4) NCGI (NR Cell Global Identifier) ​​and TRP-ID of the measurement 5) UL-RTOA 6) RSRP of the UL-SRS 7) Time of the measurement 8) Quality of each measurement 9) Information related to the beam of each measurement

[0056] The UL-RTOA may be defined as the time difference between the start of reception of the UL subframe containing the SRS in the TRP and the RTOA reference time at which the UL was transmitted. The gNB may report the geographical coordinates of the TRP to the LMF via the NRPPa.

[0057] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of positioning. As shown in FIG. 7, UE location information may be calculated based on multiple RTTs. The UE location may be estimated based on UE / gNB reception-transmission time difference measurements using DL-PRS and UL-SRS. DL-PRS-RSRP and UL-SRS-RSRP may be used for the estimation. The LMF may determine the RTT using the UE / gNB reception-transmission time difference measurements.

[0058] In a multi-RTT based method, the UE's location may be calculated in the following steps: 1) The gNB transmits DL-PRS from each TRP to the UE; 2) The UE transmits SRS for multiple TRPs; 3) The UE reports the UE reception-transmission time difference to the GW and / or gNB and / or LMF via the LPP; 4) The gNB reports the gNB reception-transmission time difference to the LMF via the NRPPa; and 5) Based on the above information reported from the UE and gNB, the LMF calculates the UE's location.

[0059] For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the RTT between the UE and TRP0, the RTT between the UE and TRP1, and the RTT between the UE and TRP2 may be measured, and the location of the UE may be calculated based on the geographical location of each TRP.

[0060] 8 is a diagram showing an example of measuring RTT. As shown in FIG. 8, the UE receive-transmit time difference may refer to the time difference between receiving a DL subframe from the TRP and transmitting a UL subframe. Also, as shown in FIG. 8, the gNB receive-transmit time difference may refer to the time difference between receiving a UL subframe from the TRP and transmitting a DL subframe.

[0061] Regarding the calculation of UE location using multiple RTTs, the information shown in 1)-5) below may be reported from the UE to the GW / gNB / LMF.

[0062] 1) PCI, GCI and TRP-ID for each measurement 2) DL-PRS-RSRP measurement result 3) UE reception-transmission time difference measurement result 4) Measurement time 5) Quality of each measurement

[0063] Regarding the calculation of UE location by RTT, the information shown in 1)-9) below may be reported from the gNB to the LMF.

[0064] 1) PCI, GCI and TRP-ID of the TRP controlled by the gNB 2) Timing information of the TRP controlled by the gNB 3) DL-PRS settings of the TRP controlled by the gNB 4) Information related to the SSB of the TRP controlled by the gNB, e.g., SSB time and frequency resources 5) Information related to the spatial direction of the DL-PRS of the TRP controlled by the gNB 6) Information related to the geographical coordinates of the TRP controlled by the gNB 7) NCGI and TRP-ID of the measurement 8) gNB reception-transmission time difference 9) RSRP of the UL-SRS 10) UL-AoA (Angle of Arrival), e.g., azimuth angle and elevation angle 11) Time of measurement 12) Quality of measurement 13) Information related to the beam of the measurement

[0065] For the definitions of UE reception-transmission time difference and gNB reception-transmission time difference, refer to Non-Patent Document 7. As with DL-RSTD, the geographical coordinates of the TRP may be reported.

[0066] As described above, positioning via the Uu interface applied DL-TDOA, UL-TDOA and multi-RTT positioning methods that use RSTD, RTOA and receive-transmit time difference, respectively, which indicate the propagation delay between the UE and the TRP.

[0067] Here, to perform position estimation using sidelink signals, it is necessary to consider a position estimation algorithm for absolute or relative position estimation, a definition and transmission / reception procedure for measurement sidelink signals used for position estimation, a procedure for reporting measurement results, etc. However, a position estimation algorithm for absolute or relative position estimation using signals of direct communication between terminals has not been clearly defined.

[0068] Therefore, you may choose to perform options 1) through 7) described below.

[0069] Option 1) Regarding location estimation using a side link, a terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-X") that wishes to obtain its own location information may transmit a predetermined signal to another terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-Y") and receive a signal based on that signal (e.g., a measurement result) from UE-Y.

[0070] Fig. 9 is a flowchart for explaining an example (1) of location estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example (1) of location estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] As shown in Figures 9 and 10, in step S11, UE-X transmits a predetermined signal to UE-Y. In the subsequent step S12, UE-Y measures a predetermined value based on the predetermined signal. Note that step S12 may not be applied. In the subsequent step S13, UE-Y transmits a signal based on the predetermined signal to UE-X (which may include, for example, information including a measurement value and / or information based on the measurement value). In the subsequent step S14, UE-X calculates its own location based on the information received from UE-Y.

[0072] For example, UE-Y may be one or more UEs, such as UE-Y1, UE-Y2, and UE-Y3 shown in Figure 10. That is, UE-X may perform steps S11 to S14 for one or more UEs.

[0073] For example, the predetermined signal may be an SL-PRS (SL Positioning RS) or any other SL signal. Also, the signal transmitted by UE-Y may be an SL-PRS or any other SL signal.

[0074] Hereinafter, the signal used for position estimation will be referred to as SL-PRS, but the signal is not limited to this and may be referred to by another name. Note that position estimation and position positioning may be interchangeable.

[0075] For example, the SL-PRS may be multiplexed with the PSCCH and / or PSSCH transmission and transmitted. Alternatively, the SL-PRS may be transmitted using resources dedicated to the SL-PRS. Hereinafter, "PSCCH and / or PSSCH" may also be referred to as "PSCCH / PSSCH."

[0076] 11 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement of reference signals in an embodiment of the present invention. SL-PRS may be arranged as shown in 1)-3) below.

[0077] 1) 2nd stage SCI and / or DM-RS and / or PT-RS and / or CSI-RS may be arranged in the RE where the SL-PRS may not be multiplexed. For example, overlap between the 2nd stage SCI, DM-RS, PT-RS and CSI-RS and the SL-PRS may not be assumed. For example, if the mapping destination of the SL-PRS is an RE where the 2nd stage SCI, DM-RS, PT-RS or CSI-RS is arranged, mapping of the SL-PRS to the RE may not be performed.

[0078] 2) SL-PRS may not be multiplexed in the RE of the PSCCH. For example, overlap between the PSCCH and the SL-PRS may not be assumed. For example, if the mapping destination of the SL-PRS is the RE where the PSCCH is placed, the PSCCH may be given priority, and mapping of the SL-PRS to the RE may not be performed.

[0079] 3) The SL-PRS may or may not be frequency division multiplexed in the same symbol with the 2nd stage SCI and / or DM-RS and / or PT-RS and / or CSI-RS.

[0080] By using 1) or 2), important signals can be prevented from being replaced with SL-PRS. Furthermore, by using 3), the flexibility of mapping can be improved when SL-PRS is frequency division multiplexed, and the UE operation can be simplified when SL-PRS is not frequency division multiplexed. However, FIG. 11 is an example of SL-PRS mapping, and is not limited to this.

[0081] For example, the location of the UE-X calculated in step S14 may be an absolute location or a relative location.

[0082] For example, option 1) may be applied when UE-X and UE-Y are in an out-of-coverage (OoC) environment, or when UE-X and UE-Y are in a partial-coverage (PC) environment, or when UE-X and UE-Y are in an in-coverage (IC) environment.

[0083] Option 1) above allows the terminal 20 to perform operations to obtain location information.

[0084] Option 2) Regarding location estimation using a sidelink, UE-X, which wishes to obtain location information of its own device, may transmit a predetermined signal to UE-Y and / or base station 10 (hereinafter referred to as "BS-Y"), and may receive a signal based on the signal (e.g., a measurement result) from UE-Y and / or BS-Y.

[0085] Fig. 12 is a flowchart for explaining an example (2) of location estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a diagram for explaining an example (2) of location estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] As shown in Figures 12 and 13, in step S21, UE-X transmits a predetermined signal to UE-Y and / or BS-Y. In the subsequent step S22, UE-Y and / or BS-Y measure a predetermined value based on the predetermined signal. Note that step S22 may not be applied. In the subsequent step S23, UE-Y and / or BS-Y transmit a signal based on the predetermined signal to UE-X (which may include, for example, information including a measurement value and / or information based on the measurement value). In the subsequent step S24, UE-X calculates its own location based on the information received from UE-Y and / or BS-Y.

[0087] For example, UE-Y may be one or more UEs, such as UE-Y1 and UE-Y2 shown in Figure 13. That is, UE-X may perform steps S11 to S14 for one or more UEs. Also, BS-Y may be one or more BSs.

[0088] For example, the predetermined signal for UE-Y may be an SL-PRS or any other SL signal. For example, the predetermined signal for BS-Y may be an SRS or any other UL signal. Furthermore, the signal transmitted by UE-Y may be an SL-PRS or any other SL signal. Furthermore, the signal transmitted by BS-Y may be a DL-PRS or any other DL signal.

[0089] For example, the location of the UE-X calculated in step S24 may be an absolute location or a relative location.

[0090] For example, option 2) may be applied to a partial coverage environment or an in-coverage environment, where the partial coverage environment may be a case where UE-X is in an in-coverage environment and UE-Y is in an out-of-coverage environment.

[0091] By using the above-mentioned option 2), the terminal 20 can be expected to obtain more accurate location information by using the base station 10.

[0092] Option 3) After acquiring its own location, UE-X may transmit a request for transmitting location information to the BS. For example, option 3) may be executed only by terminals 20 that support a location positioning function via the Uu interface.

[0093] Fig. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example (3) of location estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of location estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figs. 14 and 15, in step S31, UE-X transmits a location information request to the BS. In the following step S32, the BS executes a location information acquisition operation. In the following step S33, the BS transmits the location information to UE-X.

[0094] For example, in step S32, the positioning function using the Uu interface described above may be applied.

[0095] For example, step S32 may be skipped and not executed. For example, if the BS already holds the location information of UE-X, step S32 may not be executed. Also, for example, if the BS already holds the location information of UE-X and the desired accuracy requirement is satisfied, step S32 may not be executed. For example, step S33 may be skipped and not executed. For example, if DL-PRS are transmitted to UE-X from multiple BSs / TRPs in step S32 and location measurement is performed in UE-X, step S33 may not be executed.

[0096] For example, the location information requested by UE-X may be an absolute location or a relative location.

[0097] For example, instead of receiving location information, UE-X may receive a notification from the BS that location information cannot be obtained, and after receiving the notification, UE-X may perform other methods, such as option 1) or option 2) above, to obtain location information.

[0098] The above-mentioned option 3) allows the terminal 20 to perform an operation for acquiring location information. By using Uu positioning, more accurate location measurement can be expected.

[0099] Option 4) Which of the above Option 1), Option 2) and Option 3) is to be executed may be determined based on a predetermined condition.

[0100] For example, the predetermined condition may be an out-of-coverage environment, a partial coverage environment, or an in-coverage environment.

[0101] For example, the predetermined condition may be an accuracy requirement, i.e., which option is applied may be determined based on whether the accuracy requirement is above or below a predetermined threshold.

[0102] For example, the predetermined condition may be whether to acquire an absolute position or a relative position.

[0103] For example, the predetermined condition may be a predetermined priority set for each option. For example, option 3) may have the highest priority, option 2) the next highest priority, and option 3) the lowest priority. If the option with the highest priority cannot be executed, the operation of executing the option with the next highest priority may be repeated.

[0104] For example, the predetermined condition may be a UE capability, i.e., which options are supported may be defined as a UE capability, and the terminal 20 may execute the supported options.

[0105] For example, the predetermined condition may be a UE implementation, i.e., the terminal 20 may decide which option to perform based on the UE implementation.

[0106] Option 4) above allows the terminal 20 to decide which location acquisition method to implement if multiple methods are available.

[0107] Option 5) A terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-A") that wishes to obtain location information of another terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-B") may send a request to UE-B to transmit location information.

[0108] Fig. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example (4) of location estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of location estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figs. 16 and 17, in step S41, UE-A transmits a location information request to UE-B. In the following step S42, UE-B executes a location information acquisition operation. In the following step S43, UE-B transmits its location information to UE-A.

[0109] For example, in step S42, the above option 1), the above option 2), or the above option 3) may be executed. UE-B may be UE-X in the above option 1), the above option 2), or the above option 3). UE-A may or may not be included in UE-Y in the above option 1), the above option 2), or the above option 3). If UE-A is included in UE-Y in the above option 1), the above option 2), or the above option 3), any step in the above option 1), the above option 2), or the above option 3) for UE-A may not be executed and may be skipped.

[0110] For example, step S42 may be skipped. For example, if UE-B already holds its own location information, step S42 may not be executed. Also, for example, if UE-B already holds its own location information and the desired accuracy requirement is satisfied, step S42 may not be executed.

[0111] For example, the location information requested by UE-A may be an absolute location or a relative location.

[0112] Option 5) described above makes it possible to support use cases and services that require location information of other UEs. Also, it is possible to standardize the operation of acquiring location information of other UEs and that of the own device.

[0113] Option 6) A terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-A") that wishes to obtain location information of another terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-B") may send a request to the BS to transmit location information related to UE-B.

[0114] Fig. 18 is a flowchart illustrating example (5) of location estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 19 is a diagram illustrating example (5) of location estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figs. 18 and 19, in step S51, UE-A transmits a location information request for UE-B to the BS. In the following step S52, the BS executes a location information acquisition operation for UE-B. In the following step S53, the BS transmits the location information for UE-B to UE-A.

[0115] For example, in step S52, a positioning function of the Uu interface, such as the positioning function of the Uu interface described above, may be executed.

[0116] For example, in step S52, the BS may instruct UE-B to execute the SL positioning function, for example, the above option 1) or the above option 2). UE-B may execute the SL positioning function, for example, the above option 1) or the above option 2), and report the acquired location information of its own device to the BS.

[0117] For example, step S52 may be skipped. For example, if the BS already holds the location information of UE-B, step S52 may not be executed. Also, for example, if the BS already holds the location information of UE-B and the location information satisfies a desired accuracy requirement, step S52 may not be executed.

[0118] For example, the location information requested by UE-A may be an absolute location or a relative location.

[0119] For example, UE-A may receive from the BS a notification that location information of UE-B cannot be acquired, instead of location information. After receiving the notification, UE-A may perform another method, such as option 5 above, to acquire location information.

[0120] The above-mentioned option 6) allows the terminal 20 to perform an operation for acquiring location information. By using Uu positioning, more accurate location measurement can be expected.

[0121] Option 7) Whether to execute option 5) above or option 6) above may be determined based on a predetermined condition.

[0122] For example, the predetermined condition may be an out-of-coverage environment, a partial coverage environment, or an in-coverage environment.

[0123] For example, the predetermined condition may be an accuracy requirement.

[0124] For example, the predetermined condition may be whether to acquire an absolute position or a relative position.

[0125] For example, the predetermined condition may be a predetermined priority set for each option, for example, option 6) may have a higher priority than option 5).

[0126] For example, the predetermined condition may be a UE capability, i.e., which options are supported may be defined as a UE capability, and the terminal 20 may execute the supported options.

[0127] For example, the predetermined condition may be a UE implementation, i.e., the terminal 20 may decide which option to perform based on the UE implementation.

[0128] Option 7) above allows the terminal 20 to decide which location acquisition method to implement if multiple methods are available.

[0129] Here, in order to perform a location estimation algorithm using SL signals, the above-mentioned method of determining UE-Y is required.

[0130] Therefore, UE-X, which wants to acquire its own location, may determine UE-Y to transmit an SL signal for location measurement using a predetermined method. Note that the UE transmitting the SL signal for location measurement may be replaced with a UE related to location measurement and / or calculation. This is because if UE-X has previously received information related to location measurement and / or calculation from UE-Y, it does not need to transmit an SL signal for location measurement to UE-Y again.

[0131] 20 is a diagram for explaining an example (1) of determining a target terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 20, when a PC5-RRC connection has been established between UE-X and UE-P, UE-P may be UE-Y. UE-X may clearly determine UE-Y and transmit an SL signal for position measurement to UE-Y. Note that UE-P may be any predetermined UE, and may be, for example, a UE other than UE-X.

[0132] In addition to the condition that a PC5-RRC connection has been established, a UE-P that satisfies any of the conditions a)-f) below may be defined as UE-Y.

[0133] a) When UE-P has notified that it supports SL positioning capabilities. For example, when UE-P can meet the accuracy requirements desired by UE-X. b) When UE-P has notified that it has acquired its own absolute location. c) When UE-P belongs to the same UE group, service group, or QoS group as UE-X. d) When RSRP between UE-P and UE-P exceeds and / or falls below a predetermined value. One or more thresholds may be set as the predetermined value. e) When the relative distance between UE-P and UE-P exceeds and / or falls below a predetermined value. One or more thresholds may be set as the predetermined value. The relative distance may also be calculated based on the zone ID. f) When UE-P has sent a request to UE-X to send location information.

[0134] Furthermore, if the number of UE-Ps satisfying the above conditions exceeds the number N (e.g., 3) required for location acquisition, N UE-Ps may be selected using a predetermined method to be UE-Y. For example, UE-Ps satisfying at least one of the above conditions a) to f) may be selected with priority. Alternatively, N UE-Ps may be selected by random selection. Alternatively, N UE-Ps may be selected based on, for example, UE implementation.

[0135] Through the above-described operations, UE-X can select a UE that can perform communication related to location measurement by unicast for UE-Y. Furthermore, UE-X can select a UE that is more desirable as a communication target for location measurement for UE-Y.

[0136] 21 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of determining a target terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 21, when UE-X and UE-P belong to a UE group, a service group, or a QoS group, UE-P may be determined as UE-Y. UE-X may perform communication related to location measurement using groupcast.

[0137] In addition to the condition that UE-X and UE-P belong to a UE group, a service group, or a QoS group, a UE-P that satisfies any of the conditions shown in a)-f) below may be set as UE-Y. Note that UE-X does not recognize which UE-P has become UE-Y, and a UE-P that satisfies at least one of the following conditions among the UE-Ps that have received a signal related to positioning from UE-X may spontaneously or automatically operate as UE-Y.

[0138] a) When UE-P has notified that it supports SL positioning capabilities. For example, when UE-P can meet the accuracy requirements desired by UE-X. b) When UE-P has notified that it has acquired its own absolute location. c) When the RSRP between UE-P and UE-P exceeds a predetermined value and / or falls below a predetermined value. One or more thresholds may be set as the predetermined value. d) When the relative distance between UE-P and UE-P exceeds a predetermined value and / or falls below a predetermined value. One or more thresholds may be set as the predetermined value. The relative distance may also be calculated based on the zone ID. e) When a condition specified by UE-X (e.g., a), b), c), or d) is met. For example, the following conditions or parameters may be specified by UE-X in communication related to positioning: accuracy requirements, whether UE-Y's absolute location is required, RSRP threshold, or relative distance threshold. For example, the condition may be specified in any of SCI, MAC-CE or PC5-RRC signaling. f) When UE-P has sent a request to UE-X to transmit location information.

[0139] If UE-X and UE-P belong to a UE group, a service group, or a QoS group and / or satisfy any of the conditions a)-f) above, UE-P may always operate as UE-Y. This ensures that UE-X can obtain location information.

[0140] A UE-P that satisfies the condition that UE-X and UE-P belong to a UE group, a service group, or a QoS group and / or any of the conditions shown in a)-f) above may determine whether to operate as a UE-Y based on a predetermined condition. Note that the operation as a UE-Y may be to transmit information including measurement values ​​and / or information based on the measurement values ​​to UE-X.

[0141] The predetermined condition may be a condition based on the UE implementation of UE-Y, and UE-Y may decide whether to operate as UE-Y by itself.

[0142] The predetermined condition may be whether the number of UEs that have transmitted information including measurement values ​​and / or information based on measurement values ​​to UE-X reaches the number N (e.g., 3) required for location acquisition. If this number has not been reached, the operation as UE-Y may be performed, and if this number has been reached, the operation as UE-Y may not be performed or may be stopped. For example, transmission of information including measurement values ​​and / or information based on measurement values ​​to UE-X may be performed by groupcast, and the predetermined condition may be determined by receiving the information not only from UE-X but also from UE-Y or UE-P. If N is reached during operation as UE-Y, the operation as UE-Y may be stopped. The operation as UE-Y may be stopped only if there is sufficient processing time before stopping, or if there is not enough processing time before stopping, the operation as UE-Y may be continued.

[0143] The predetermined condition may be a condition based on a channel busy ratio (CBR) and / or a channel occupancy ratio (CR).

[0144] This makes it possible to avoid a case where more UEs than necessary transmit information for location measurement to UE-X.

[0145] By the above-described operation, communication related to position measurement can be performed closed to UEs in the same group related to the position measurement service, etc.

[0146] 22 is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of determining a target terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 22, UE-X may determine an unspecified number of UE-Ps as UE-Ys. For example, UE-X may perform communication related to location measurement using broadcast. UE-Ps that satisfy any of the conditions a) to f) below may be determined as UE-Ys.

[0147] a) When UE-P has notified that it supports SL positioning capabilities. For example, when UE-P can meet the accuracy requirements desired by UE-X. b) When UE-P has notified that it has acquired its own absolute location. c) When the RSRP between UE-P and UE-P exceeds a predetermined value and / or falls below a predetermined value. One or more thresholds may be set as the predetermined value. d) When the relative distance between UE-P and UE-P exceeds a predetermined value and / or falls below a predetermined value. One or more thresholds may be set as the predetermined value. The relative distance may also be calculated based on the zone ID. e) When a condition specified by UE-X (e.g., a), b), c), or d) is met. For example, the following conditions or parameters may be specified by UE-X in communication related to positioning: accuracy requirements, whether UE-Y's absolute location is required, RSRP threshold, or relative distance threshold. For example, the condition may be specified by any of SCI, MAC-CE, or PC5-RRC signaling. f) When UE-P has sent a request for location information transmission to UE-X. g) When UE-P belongs to the same UE group, service group, or QoS group as UE-X.

[0148] A UE-P that satisfies the above conditions a) to g) may always operate as a UE-Y, thereby ensuring that location information is acquired by the UE-X.

[0149] UE-P that satisfies the conditions a) to g) above may decide whether to operate as UE-Y based on a predetermined condition. Note that the operation as UE-Y may be to transmit information including measurement values ​​and / or information based on the measurement values ​​to UE-X.

[0150] The predetermined condition may be a condition based on the UE implementation of UE-Y, and UE-Y may decide whether to operate as UE-Y by itself.

[0151] The predetermined condition may be whether the number of UEs that have transmitted information including measurement values ​​and / or information based on measurement values ​​to UE-X reaches the number N (e.g., 3) required for location acquisition. If this number has not been reached, the operation as UE-Y is performed, and if this number has been reached, the operation as UE-Y may not be performed or may be stopped. For example, transmission of information including measurement values ​​and / or information based on measurement values ​​to UE-X may be performed by broadcast, and the predetermined condition may be determined by receiving the information not only from UE-X but also from UE-Y or UE-P. If N is reached during operation as UE-Y, the operation as UE-Y may be stopped. The operation as UE-Y may be stopped only if there is sufficient processing time before stopping, or if there is not enough processing time before stopping, the operation as UE-Y may be continued.

[0152] The predetermined conditions may be conditions based on CBR and / or CR.

[0153] This makes it possible to avoid a case where more UEs than necessary transmit information for location measurement to UE-X.

[0154] By performing the above-described operation, the probability of failure in location measurement can be reduced by selecting as many UEs as possible as candidates for UE-Y.

[0155] The above-described embodiments may be applied to NR D2D or other RAT D2D. The above-described embodiments may be applied to FR2 or other frequency bands. In the above-described embodiments, any of unicast, groupcast, and broadcast may be applied, or a combination thereof may be applied.

[0156] The above-described embodiment is not limited to V2X terminals, and may be applied to terminals that perform D2D communication.

[0157] The operations according to the above-described embodiments may be performed only in a specific resource pool, for example, only in a resource pool that can be used by terminals 20 in 3GPP Release 17 or 3GPP Release 18 or later.

[0158] According to the above-described embodiment, the terminal 20 can acquire the location information of the terminal itself by transmitting a signal for positioning to another device using a sidelink signal.

[0159] That is, the location information of the device itself can be obtained through direct communication between terminals.

[0160] (Device Configuration) Next, a functional configuration example of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 that execute the processes and operations described above will be described. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 include functions for implementing the above-described embodiments. However, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may each include only a part of the functions of the embodiments.

[0161] <Base Station 10> Fig. 23 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10. As shown in Fig. 23, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 23 is merely an example. The names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any as long as they can execute the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0162] The transmitter 110 has a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 and transmitting the signal wirelessly. The receiver 120 has a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and acquiring, for example, information of a higher layer from the received signal. The transmitter 110 also has a function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, DL reference signals, etc. to the terminal 20.

[0163] The setting unit 130 stores in a storage device setting information that is set in advance and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20, and reads out the setting information from the storage device as needed. The content of the setting information is, for example, information related to the setting of D2D communication.

[0164] As described in the embodiments, the control unit 140 performs processing related to settings for the terminal 20 to perform D2D communication. Furthermore, the control unit 140 transmits scheduling for D2D communication and DL communication to the terminal 20 via the transmission unit 110. Furthermore, the control unit 140 receives information related to HARQ responses for D2D communication and DL communication from the terminal 20 via the reception unit 120. A functional unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmission unit 110, and a functional unit related to signal reception in the control unit 140 may be included in the reception unit 120.

[0165] <Terminal 20> Fig. 24 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the terminal 20. As shown in Fig. 24, the terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 24 is merely an example. The names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any as long as they can execute the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0166] The above-mentioned LTE-SL transmission / reception mechanism (module) and the above-mentioned NR-SL transmission / reception mechanism (module) may each have a separate transmitting unit 210, receiving unit 220, setting unit 230, and control unit 240.

[0167] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 wirelessly receives various signals and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The receiver 220 also has a function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals or reference signals transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the transmitter 210 transmits a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), a PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), a PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), or the like to another terminal 20 as D2D communication, and the receiver 220 receives the PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH from the other terminal 20.

[0168] The setting unit 230 stores various pieces of setting information received from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 by the receiving unit 220 in a storage device and reads the information from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance. The content of the setting information is, for example, information related to the setting of D2D communication.

[0169] As described in the embodiments, the control unit 240 controls D2D communication that establishes an RRC connection with another terminal 20. The control unit 240 also performs processing related to power saving operation. The control unit 240 also performs processing related to HARQ for D2D communication and DL communication. The control unit 240 also transmits, to the base station 10, information related to HARQ responses for D2D communication and DL communication to another terminal 20 scheduled by the base station 10. The control unit 240 may also schedule D2D communication for the other terminal 20. The control unit 240 may also autonomously select resources to be used for D2D communication from a resource selection window based on a sensing result, or may perform reevaluation or preemption. The control unit 240 also performs processing related to power saving in transmission and reception of D2D communication. The control unit 240 also performs processing related to inter-terminal coordination in D2D communication. The functional units in the control unit 240 related to signal transmission may be included in the transmitting unit 210 , and the functional units in the control unit 240 related to signal reception may be included in the receiving unit 220 .

[0170] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 23 and 24) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0171] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, assessment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0172] For example, the base station 10, the terminal 20, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0173] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0174] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, the memory device 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and the auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0175] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0176] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in FIG. 23 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. Furthermore, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 24 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0177] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0178] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0179] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0180] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0181] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0182] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0183] Fig. 26 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 26, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0184] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0185] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0186] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0187] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 provides various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001 by using information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc.

[0188] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0189] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0190] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0191] The communication module 2013 transmits, via wireless communication to an external device, a current signal from the current sensor that is input to the electronic control unit 2010. The communication module 2013 also transmits, via wireless communication to an external device, the rotation speed signals of the front and rear wheels acquired by a rotation speed sensor 2022, the air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels acquired by an air pressure sensor 2023, the vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, the acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 2025, the accelerator pedal depression amount signal acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, the brake pedal depression amount signal acquired by a brake pedal sensor 2026, the shift lever operation signal acquired by a shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 2028, all of which are input to the electronic control unit 2010.

[0192] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from the external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0193] (Summary of embodiment) As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a terminal is provided which has a control unit which determines a terminal to transmit a signal related to positioning in terminal-to-terminal direct communication, a transmitting unit which transmits the signal related to positioning in the terminal-to-terminal direct communication to one or more of the determined terminals, and a receiving unit which receives a signal based on the signal related to positioning in the terminal-to-terminal direct communication from the one or more determined terminals, and the control unit calculates position information of the terminal itself using the signal based on the signal related to positioning in the terminal-to-terminal direct communication.

[0194] With the above configuration, the terminal 20 can acquire its own location information by transmitting a signal for positioning to another device using a sidelink signal. That is, the terminal 20 can acquire its own location information through direct terminal-to-terminal communication.

[0195] The control unit may determine a terminal with which an RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection has been established as a terminal that transmits a signal related to positioning in the terminal-to-terminal direct communication. With this configuration, the terminal 20 can acquire location information of its own device by transmitting a signal for positioning to another device using a sidelink signal.

[0196] The control unit may determine that the terminal that has acquired the absolute position of the terminal 20 is the terminal that transmits a signal related to positioning in the terminal-to-terminal direct communication. With this configuration, the terminal 20 can acquire the position information of the terminal 20 by transmitting a signal for positioning to another device using a side link signal.

[0197] The control unit may determine that a terminal belonging to the same group is a terminal that transmits a signal related to positioning in the direct communication between terminals. With this configuration, the terminal 20 can acquire the position information of the terminal itself by transmitting a signal for positioning to another device using a side link signal.

[0198] The control unit may determine an unspecified number of terminals as terminals that transmit signals related to positioning in the terminal-to-terminal direct communication. With this configuration, the terminal 20 can acquire location information of its own device by transmitting signals for positioning to other devices using sidelink signals.

[0199] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a positioning method performed by a terminal that executes a control procedure for determining a terminal to transmit a signal related to positioning in direct communication between terminals, a transmission procedure for transmitting the signal related to positioning in the direct communication between terminals to one or more of the determined terminals, a reception procedure for receiving a signal based on the signal related to positioning in the direct communication between terminals from the one or more determined terminals, and a procedure for calculating position information of the terminal itself using the signal based on the signal related to positioning in the direct communication between terminals.

[0200] With the above configuration, the terminal 20 can acquire its own location information by transmitting a signal for positioning to another device using a sidelink signal. That is, the terminal 20 can acquire its own location information through direct terminal-to-terminal communication.

[0201] (Supplementary Notes on the Embodiments) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; matters described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and matters described in one item may apply to matters described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). Boundaries between functional units or processing units in functional block diagrams do not necessarily correspond to boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing description, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other suitable storage medium.

[0202] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0203] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be implemented using any of the following standards: LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.34 ( The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE and / or LTE-A with 5G).

[0204] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be rearranged unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0205] In this specification, a specific operation described as being performed by the base station 10 may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having the base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10 and another network node other than the base station 10 (such as, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).

[0206] The information, signals, etc. described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0207] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0208] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0209] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0210] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0211] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0212] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0213] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0214] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0215] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0216] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0217] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage.

[0218] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0219] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0220] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0221] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0222] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0223] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0224] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0225] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0226] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0227] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0228] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0229] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0230] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0231] Numerology may be communication parameters applied to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0232] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0233] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0234] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0235] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0236] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate wireless resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal 20) to each terminal 20 in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0237] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0238] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0239] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0240] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0241] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0242] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0243] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0244] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0245] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0246] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be set for the terminal 20 within one carrier.

[0247] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the terminal 20 may not expect to transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," and the like in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0248] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples, and various changes may be made to the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc.

[0249] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0250] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0251] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0252] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0253] 10 Base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Control unit 20 Terminal 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Control unit 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Front wheels 2008 Rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 Rotation speed sensor 2023 Tire pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. A control unit that determines one or more terminals that support a capability related to positioning in device-to-device (D2D) communication as a transmission destination terminal of a signal related to positioning in the D2D communication; A transmitter for transmitting the signal to the one or more terminals; a receiving unit that receives information based on the signal from each of the one or more terminals; The control unit calculates location information of the terminal by using the information received by the receiving unit.

2. A terminal as described in claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives a notification supporting the capability from the one or more terminals.

3. A terminal as described in claim 1, wherein the control unit determines one or more terminals as the destination terminal based on an absolute position of the destination terminal.

4. A step of determining one or more terminals supporting a capability related to positioning in device-to-device (D2D) communication as a transmission destination terminal of a signal related to positioning in the D2D communication; transmitting said signal to said one or more terminals; receiving information based on the signal from each of the one or more terminals; and calculating location information of the terminal using the information.