Industrial machine utilizing electrical breakdown of liquid dielectric body

Abstract

[Problem] A liquefied natural gas has brought about energy hegemonism and environmental destruction. However, the liquefied natural gas is a liquid dielectric body which can be liquefied easily by applying pressure at ambient temperature, has a volume expansion of 250 folds or more when vaporized, and has a relatively large dielectric constant and a relatively small dielectric strength. The liquid dielectric body is likened to a capacitor, and an energy of the liquid dielectric body capacitor is consumed in the inside of the capacitor to use the energy for an engine, welding or the production of a floating force gas or is consumed in the outside of the capacitor to use the energy as an in-vehicle capacitor. [Solution] A liquid dielectric body capacitor is seen as a plug for inducing electrical breakdown as an alternative for the conventional spark plug. In order to utilize the principle of the plug as an energy source for an engine and a welding device or a gas production device for a floating bag for floating a marine resource, a charge is applied to a liquid dielectric body thin layer, then the thickness of the liquid dielectric body thin layer is allowed to approach as nearly to zero as possible to cause electrical breakdown, or the thickness of the liquid dielectric body thin layer is increased to utilize the liquid dielectric body thin layer as a high voltage source for an in-vehicle capacitor. In this manner, a world free of environmental destruction is achieved.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] In the present invention, the liquid dielectric that constitutes the capacitor is broken down by pulse heat, and the capacitor is used in flat welding, engines, or floats for lifting offshore resources, or as a high-voltage capacitor for vehicles with increased dielectric strength. Capacitor Regarding. [Background technology]

[0002] To increase the capacitance (C) of a capacitor, the surface area (S) of the electrodes and the dielectric constant (ε) should be increased, and the thickness (d) of the dielectric should be reduced (C=εS / d). Approaching zero gives maximum capacitance. However, if the thickness (d) of the dielectric is further reduced or a strong electric field is applied, the dielectric breakdown occurs. At this point, the energy stored in the dielectric is lost immediately. If the dielectric is liquefied, the pressurized liquid dielectric will form a hopping conduction or a breakdown precursor region under charge, causing a sudden increase in current in a high electric field and resulting in dielectric breakdown. This instantaneous discharge causes an average temperature rise of 70°C in 0.1μs in the 5×10-11cc area, with a maximum of 1,000°C, inducing the edge effect. This reduces the breakdown voltage. On the other hand, if the thickness (d) of the dielectric is further increased, the capacitance decreases. , the withstand voltage becomes higher, and the electrostatic energy (W) stored in the capacitor is proportional to the square of the voltage (V) (W=CV 2 / 2). As shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, electric double layer capacitors with extremely large capacitance have been attracting attention. The reason for this is that the dielectric layer is as thin as a single molecular layer (approximately 10 Å), which allows for a large capacitance. However, the withstand voltage of electric double layer capacitors is low at 0.7 V, and the only way to achieve a high voltage is to connect them in series. On the other hand, if a pure water capacitor is formed using pure water as the insulator layer, the dielectric strength of pure water is 70 V / μ, so if the thickness of the pure water layer is 10 μm, the withstand voltage will be 700 V. Here, if we consider the electrolyte in the electric double layer to be water and the dielectric strength to be 0.7 V, the electrostatic energy (W) is W = εS 0.7 2 / 20 = 1.96S It is. On the other hand, in a pure water capacitor with a withstand voltage of 700V, the thickness (d) of the dielectric is as thick as 10μ (10,000 Å), so the capacitance is 1 / 1000 of that of an electric double layer capacitor. However, the electrostatic energy (W) is W= εS 700 2 / 20000=1960S, pure water capacitor teeth Electrostatic charge per electric double layer capacitor Energy of 1,000 times.

[0003] Today's in-vehicle power supplies consist of 100 lithium-ion batteries connected in series, which are then doubled in voltage and then charged to the It is common to use an inverter to convert the power to 600V three-phase AC and drive a three-phase motor. In this invention, a pure water capacitor with electrostatic energy 1,000 times that of an electric double layer capacitor is realized. Furthermore, if the pure water is replaced with glycerin (dielectric constant ε = 47) with a dielectric strength of 170V / μ, the thickness (d) of the dielectric at a withstand voltage of 700V is 4.12μm (4,120Å). The radius (W) is W=εS 700 2 / 2d= 2795S, and the glycerin capacitor is an electric double layer capacitor. In this way, without being limited to electric double layer capacitors, We believe that high-voltage capacitors, which utilize both power and capacitance, will lead to industrial development. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] PCT / JP2014 / 073687 [Patent Document 2] PCT / JP2017 / 015029 [Patent Document 3] Patent No. 3527969 [Patent Document 4] Patent No. 5651871 [Non-patent literature]

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] DIELECTRIC STRENGTH OF INSULATING MATERIALS LI Berger - Carbon, 2006 - thevespiary.org [Non-Patent Document 2] Dielectric Phenomena Theory, 332p, Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (1991) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to form a variable capacitor with a thin liquid dielectric layer that transitions from a liquid phase to a gas phase, and to utilize the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor. The notable features are that the thin liquid dielectric layer constituting the capacitor is made extremely thin, or a strong electric field is applied to cause dielectric breakdown, and the generated pulse heat is instantly consumed inside the capacitor, and that the thin liquid dielectric layer is made thicker to increase the withstand voltage, and the stored high electrostatic energy is consumed over a long period of time outside the capacitor. The difference between the present invention and the conventional method is that the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer that constitutes the capacitor can be increased or decreased. The liquid dielectric thin layer is controlled to have a high dielectric strength and a high voltage resistance related to dielectric breakdown, and is utilized for surface welding, engines, floats for buoyancy, or high voltage electric storage devices for vehicles. In particular, the liquid dielectric has a higher dielectric constant than a gaseous dielectric, and the capacitance can be varied. Therefore, the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is made close to zero to induce dielectric breakdown, and the stored electric charge is converted into thermal energy in the liquid dielectric thin layer for use in surface welding, or the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is increased and charged under a high withstand voltage, and then the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is reduced to induce dielectric breakdown, and the stored electric charge is converted into thermal energy in the liquid dielectric thin layer, and the volume expansion of the generated vaporized gas is utilized for a volume expansion engine including a rotary engine, a reciprocating engine, or a jet engine that does not involve combustion, or a float for lifting deep-sea resources, or the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer constituting a capacitor is increased to increase electrostatic energy under a high withstand voltage, and the stored electric charge is utilized for an electric power storage device outside the system of the liquid dielectric thin layer.

[0007] To make a high-voltage variable capacitance capacitor, the dielectric strength must be high and the dielectric thickness (d) must be freely adjustable. Limited to liquid dielectrics that change. Liquid dielectrics with high dielectric strength are glycerin (170 V / μ), benzene (163 V / μ), nitrobenzene (130 V / μ), pure water (70 V / μ), and insulating oil (60-100 V / μ). On the other hand, materials with high dielectric constants are pure water (ε=88), formic acid (ε=58.5), glycerin (ε=47), nitrobenzene (ε=34.8), methyl alcohol (ε=32.6), ethyl alcohol (ε=24.3), acetone (ε=20.7), ammonia (ε=15-25), butane (ε=20), carbon dioxide (ε=1.6), benzene (ε=2.3), xylene (ε=2.3), carbon disulfide (ε=2.64), toluene (ε=2.39), carbon tetrachloride (ε=2.2), and silicone oil (ε=2.2). On the other hand, liquids with high dielectric constants include pure water (ε=88, 70V / μ), formic acid (ε=58.5), and glycerol. Glycerin (ε=47, 170V / μ), nitrobenzene (ε=34.8, 130V / μ), methyl alcohol (ε=32.6, 80V / μ), ethyl alcohol (ε=23, 80V / μ), acetone (ε=20.7, 64V / μ), ammonium nitrate (ε=30, 10 ... monia (ε=15~25), butane (ε=20), carbon disulfide (ε=2.64, 140 V / μ), toluene (ε=2.39, 130 V / μ), benzene (ε=2.3, 163 V / μ), xylene (ε=2.3, 150 V / μ), silicone Oil (ε=2.2, 8 V / μ), insulating oil (ε=2.2, 60-100 V / μ), and carbon dioxide (ε=1.6). Among these, the materials with the highest dielectric strength and dielectric constant are pure water (70 V / μ, ε=88), glycerin (ε=47, 170 V / μ), and nitrobenzene (ε=34.8, 130 V / μ).

[0008] To cause a dielectric breakdown in a capacitor after applying an electric charge and use it as a heat source for surface welding, a large capacitance is sufficient for a low withstand voltage. In particular, to cause dielectric breakdown, the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer must be minimized, so the capacitance naturally increases and the withstand voltage drops dramatically. On the other hand, to use it as a heat source for a volume expansion engine, a large amount of vaporized gas is required, so it is necessary to either thicken the liquefied gas layer as a liquid dielectric and apply a high voltage, or to propagate local dielectric breakdown due to electronic breakdown and cause dielectric breakdown at a low voltage in a short time.

[0009] The problem to be solved by the invention is to induce dielectric breakdown in a thin liquid dielectric layer sandwiched between a pair of solid surfaces, consume the electric charge stored in the liquid dielectric as pulse heat, and surface-weld the pair of solid surfaces (base materials) together using the pulse heat, or to expand the liquid dielectric into gas using the pulse heat to provide a driving source for an engine, or to provide a capacitor for a high-voltage DC power source by increasing the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer to increase the withstand voltage. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] A capacitor is configured with a pair of positive and negative electrodes each composed of a metal and / or a solid dielectric having a flat or curved surface, a fluid dielectric composed of a liquid dielectric containing a liquefied gas or pure water and / or a gaseous dielectric formed by vaporizing the liquid dielectric, and a sealed electrode chamber surrounded by an insulating partition including an atmospheric wall formed by a meniscus force, The device has at least one of the following functions: a liquid thickness adjustment function for controlling the fluid dielectric in the sealed electrode chamber, an insulating partition opening / closing function, a pressurizing function, a pressure application / drive transmission function, a dielectric breakdown induction function, a critical temperature control function, a refrigerant cooling function, a thermoelectric element cooling function, a movable wall support function, and a charge control function. A variable capacitance capacitor incorporating a pressure transfer tool, The thickness of the liquid dielectric is shortened by the liquid thickness adjustment function of the pressure transfer tool of the capacitance variable capacitor, and / or a strong electric field is applied to the liquid dielectric to induce dielectric breakdown, or the thickness of the liquid dielectric is expanded to form a high strength capacitor, To induce dielectric breakdown, the variable capacitance capacitor is charged using the charge control function, and then the positive and negative electrodes are brought closer together and / or a voltage greater than or equal to the dielectric strength is applied between the positive and negative electrodes to cause dielectric breakdown in the liquid dielectric and generate pulsed heat. This pulse heat is utilized in welding equipment, expanding gas instantaneous jet devices, engine equipment, buoyancy devices for mining bottom resources, and steam engine equipment, and in order to utilize this pulse heat as a driving energy source, a gas jet insulation breakdown induction plug is used as a substitute for the spark gap as a gas ignition device conventionally used in internal combustion engines. (Dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber) We propose. Gas jet breakdown induction electrode chamber This is a device that produces a gaseous dielectric by vaporizing and expanding a liquid dielectric in a sealed electrode chamber using pulsed heat generated by dielectric breakdown. The welding equipment is a device that joins a pair of metals and / or solid dielectrics sandwiching a liquid dielectric using pulse heat generated by dielectric breakdown of the liquid dielectric, and is not limited to conventional metal welding, but can also join metals and base metals, or base metals together. Expanded gas instantaneous ejection device The explosive force produced by Rockets and blasting devices or Engine Equipment comply with Gas jet breakdown is induced electrode chamber After sealing the inside of the device with room temperature pressurized liquefied gas consisting of heteronuclear diatomic molecules with a critical temperature of 273 K or higher, the insulating partition is sealed using the insulating partition opening and closing function, and a voltage greater than or equal to the dielectric strength is applied to cause insulation breakdown in the liquid dielectric, generating a propellant gas that is converted into propulsion or explosive force. The engine device consists of a reciprocating engine, a circular rotary engine or a spherical triangular rotary engine, and is equipped with a gas jet and dielectric breakdown induction system. electrode chamber The expansion gas of the pressurized liquefied gas injected from the pump is converted into driving force by the pressurizing and driving force transmission function, and a part of the driving force is converted into a gas dielectric. This device repeats the re-liquefaction process using a pressurizing function. The floating device for lifting offshore resources is a gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing device. electrode chamber In the case where the liquid dielectric inside is a liquefied gas and is a low-temperature pressurized liquefied gas consisting of homonuclear diatomic molecules with a critical temperature of 273K or less, the device is equipped with an internal pressure / hydrostatic pressure balance adjustment function that adjusts the balance between the internal pressure and hydrostatic pressure of the float when descending to the seabed and surfacing by injecting the gaseous dielectric into the float by repeatedly expanding the volume of the liquid dielectric consisting of room temperature pressurized liquefied gas or low temperature pressurized liquefied gas due to evaporation. When the liquid dielectric used in the expanding gas instantaneous injection device or engine device is pure water, this is a steam engine device that repeats the following operations: dielectric breakdown of the pure water, converting the vaporized and expanded water vapor caused by pulse heat into driving force using the pressurization and drive transmission function, and re-liquefying the vaporized and expanded water vapor with part of the driving force using the pressurization function. A high-voltage variable power supply with high dielectric strength expands the thickness of the liquid dielectric with a pressure transfer tool, and then charges the capacitance variable capacitor with high voltage. Here, the pressure transfer tool is a pressure transfer tool having at least one of the following functions: The adjustment function controls the thickness of the liquid dielectric layer, the insulation breakdown induction function brings the liquid dielectric layer thickness close to zero to induce insulation breakdown, the insulation barrier opening and closing function releases the liquid dielectric from the system through the vaporized gas dielectric barrier, the pressurization function is used to liquefy the gas dielectric, the refrigerant cooling function liquefies a gas consisting of homonuclear diatomic molecules with a critical temperature of 273K or less, the critical temperature control function suppresses re-liquefaction of the gas dielectric generated by insulation breakdown due to its own pressure, and the charge and discharge control function charges the capacitor up to just before insulation breakdown, applies an even higher electric field to cause insulation breakdown, and has the function of cutting off the charging power supply when insulation breakdown occurs. In addition, the thermoelectric element cooling function is used as an auxiliary means for lowering the boiling point of low-temperature pressurized liquefied gas produced by pressurizing and liquefying Ne gas in a room-temperature pressurized liquefied gas atmosphere, the pressurization and drive transmission function is a function for converting the expanded vaporized gas that is produced when the liquid dielectric is vaporized into energy, and the support function of the movable wall is a function for pressurizing the pressure contact surfaces between the piston head and cylinder end face of a reciprocating engine or the rotor and housing of a rotary engine, which share the pressurization function and the pressurization and drive transmission function.

[0011] At least one capacitor including a thin liquid dielectric layer is sandwiched between positive and negative electrodes, and the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor is consumed inside or outside the thin liquid dielectric layer, so that the withstand voltage of the thin liquid dielectric layer is controlled, The transition between the "liquid phase / gas phase" is caused by "increasing / decreasing gas pressure" and / or "cooling". The liquid dielectric thin layer is in a gas phase or supercritical state, or from a gas phase to a liquid layer, or an external pressure pressurizing tool 8 as a transition control function 29 for increasing the density of the liquid layer in the supercritical state, and a supercritical state It is necessary to provide a refrigerant 135 and / or an electronic refrigeration element 136 for cooling. FIG. 1 shows a flow chart outlining the present invention. pot Flawless Formation of a thin liquid capsule (= a thin liquid dielectric layer) and varying the thickness (d) of the thin liquid dielectric layer and Fig. 1(B) is a schematic diagram of how electrostatic energy is generated. Cd=Sε / d→∞ (d→0)In order to maximize and cause a breakdown when d=0, the thickness (d) of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 in the withstand voltage control function 128 is shortened to induce a breakdown, and the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer is increased to strengthen the withstand voltage. FIG. 1(C) shows the gas jet breakdown. Electrode chamber ( plug ) (Conventional A flowchart showing the industrial application classification (high insulation The electrode structure is shown for each (high-strength high-voltage variable power supply, surface welding, vaporized gas volume expansion drive device, float for lifting seabed resources, hydrocarbon synthesis), In the case of a high-voltage variable power source with high dielectric strength, the metal electrodes are made of parallel plates or coaxial cones. In the case of surface welding, the pair of solid surfaces sandwiching the liquid dielectric are classified into metal-metal, nonmetal-metal, and metal-base metal. In the case of devices for driving the volume expansion of vaporized gas (rockets, blasting, reciprocating engines, rotary engines) and floats for lifting offshore resources, metal electrodes consisting of parallel plates, coaxial cylinders, coaxial cones and multi-stage coaxial cylinders, and concentric spheres are used. In the case of synthetic chemical equipment, the pressure transducer is a metal electrode consisting of parallel plates, and has at least one of the following functions for each industrial application classification: liquid thickness adjustment function for controlling the type of liquid dielectric and the fluid dielectric, insulating partition opening and closing function, pressurization function, pressure application / drive transmission function, insulation breakdown induction function, critical temperature control function, refrigerant cooling function, thermoelectric element cooling function, movable wall support function, and charge / discharge control function. We will show that it is a variable capacitance capacitor incorporating a transfer tool, and finally list industrial application devices. As shown in FIG. 1(A), the capacitor is made up of a pair of solid surfaces (flat plates) 2, 3 sandwiching a thin liquid dielectric layer 7 therebetween; A thin liquid dielectric layer 7 between a pair of solid surfaces is formed by the meniscus force and has a uniform thickness. 6. A capsule with a sturdy outer wall that is completely leak-proof; The capsule 6 is formed by the meniscus force. The first element of the present invention is the extremely thin and uniformly thick liquid capsule 6 that does not leak out of the body at all. Figure 1(A) is a schematic diagram of a capsule 6 with no defects due to the meniscus force, and shows the liquid that is separated from the air and insulating oil. A pair of solid surfaces a, b (base materials) 2, 3 are placed in an insulating fluid 1, and a liquid dielectric 5 is applied between them by a liquid pressure tool 4. When the insulating fluid 1 is inserted, the liquid dielectric 5 pulls the pair of solid surfaces a, b (base materials) 2, 3 and the insulating fluid 1 due to the interfacial tension, and the outer wall of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 sandwiched between the pair of solid surfaces a, b (base materials) 2, 3 A robust outer wall is formed on the surface of the capsule 6, and the capsule 6 is extremely thin and uniform in thickness, preventing any liquid from leaking out of the system. The perfect thin liquid capsule 6 contains a thin liquid dielectric layer 7 that has ultra-high capacitance; An interface control function that controls the interface state between the insulating fluid 1 and the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 by the meniscus force; a liquid pressurizing tool 4 that injects or discharges the liquid dielectric 5 into the thin liquid dielectric layer 7; External pressure applying tool 8 for applying pressure or reducing pressure to the thin liquid dielectric layer between the positive and negative electrodes; a voltage resistance control function 128 for controlling the voltage resistance by expanding and contracting the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 using an external pressure applying tool 8; The withstand voltage control function 128 induces dielectric breakdown or increases the withstand voltage. This is the second element. Conventionally, in order to increase the withstand voltage, a spacer was inserted between a pair of solid surfaces (flat plates) 2, 3. However, in order to vary the withstand voltage, a flexible spacer is required, and the control thereof is complicated. Therefore, in the present invention, the insulating fluid 1 in contact with the outer wall of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is injected / discharged. Insulating fluid pressurizing tool 9; the external pressure applying tool 8 which controls the transition control function 29; cooling means (refrigerant, electronic refrigeration element) 135, 136 for cooling the space between the pair of solid surfaces when the transition control function 29 is adapted to the supercritical state; a charger 12 that charges the capacitor between the positive and negative electrodes 10, 11 after setting a desired charging voltage with a withstand voltage control function 128; Charge / discharge control function for repeatedly charging and discharging a thin liquid dielectric layer13; Each of them has When the electrostatic energy is consumed inside the thin liquid dielectric layer 7, after applying an electric charge to the thin liquid dielectric layer 7, the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is made close to zero by the withstand voltage control function 128 and the interfacial tension control function, or a voltage equal to or higher than the withstand voltage is applied to the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 to induce dielectric breakdown. The extremely short pulse heat generated by the destruction can be used as a heat source for surface welding, or as a heat source for vaporizing a thin liquid dielectric layer 7 in a volume expansion type engine such as a reciprocating engine or a rotary engine, or a blasting device or a rocket engine, or in a volume expansion type device consisting of a float for deep-sea mining, or as a heat source for a synthetic chemical reaction between the vaporized gas generated by the extremely short pulse heat and a mixed gas. In particular, engines that utilize the volume expansion of vaporized gas have a relatively large sealed electrode chamber that breaks down the liquid dielectric in order to generate the desired vaporized gas in a short time, and a gas jet dielectric breakdown induction system is used in which a metal plate (piston head 31) is placed close to the positive and negative electrodes of the vaporized gas outlet in order to effectively induce local dielectric breakdown. electrode chamber 145 is optimal (Figure 1(C)). On the other hand, when the electrostatic energy is consumed outside the thin liquid dielectric layer 7, dielectric breakdown is strictly prohibited. The thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is increased by the withstand voltage control function 128 and the interfacial tension control function to set the withstand voltage to a desired value or more, and then an electric charge is applied to the thin liquid dielectric layer 7. The electric charge thus stored is then discharged. It can be used as a capacitor for high voltage DC power supplies.

[0012] When the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is used for surface welding, pure water, oils, aromatic compounds, alcohols, etc. In particular, pure water has a high dielectric constant (ε=88), high dielectric strength (70V / μ), and is highly resistant to chemicals. It is the safest of all resources, with no regional uneven distribution or worries about depletion. Pure water is universal for surface welding, but oil can be used for water-absorbent base materials, hydrocarbons for plastic components, and silicone oil for ceramics. In particular, surface welding causes dielectric breakdown, so the magnitude of dielectric strength is not important, and furthermore, since the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is brought as close to 0 as possible, the capacitance becomes high and the magnitude of the dielectric constant is not very important. Furthermore, the interfacial tension between a pair of solid surfaces and the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 The meniscus force is constituted by the interfacial tension between the insulator and the thin liquid dielectric layer 7. The liquid dielectric layer 7 formed by the meniscus force is considered to be a sealed container. The insulator is an insulating fluid made of gas, air, insulating oil, alcohols, or aromatic compounds, or a solid insulator made of fluororesin, aromatic resin, mica, or quartz glass. However, a combination of insulating fluid and liquid dielectric made of the same material is strictly prohibited. The insulating fluid and solid insulator are necessary to prevent creeping discharge on the outer wall of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7. This prevention of creeping discharge is necessary for high voltage DC power supplies. In the case of surface welding, the insulating fluid is air, and a strong thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is naturally formed. On the other hand, in the case of high voltage DC power supplies, as described in Non-Patent Document 1, As shown in Fig. 1, a solid insulator or insulating fluid with high dielectric strength is required, but it is not suitable for use in high-voltage variable DC power supplies. In order to provide insulation, a liquid insulating fluid1 is required. However, carbon tetrachloride (ε=2.2,160 V / μ), benzene (ε=2.3,150 V / μ), xylene (ε=2.3,150 V / μ), carbon disulfide (ε=2.64,140 V / μ), toluene (ε=2.39,130 ​​V / μ), and nitrobenzene (ε=34.8,130 V / μ) are insulating fluids. Although it has high strength, it is toxic and not suitable for the insulating fluid 1. For this reason, it is considered better to adopt non-toxic glycerin (ε=47, 170V / μ) or insulating oil 126 and select a liquid dielectric 5 with a dielectric strength close to that of the insulating oil 126. Considering these points, it is considered that the combination of pure water dielectric and insulating oil is optimal. Furthermore, when used in vaporized gas volume expansion drive devices (reciprocating engines, rotary engines, rocket engines, explosive devices) and for floats lifting seabed resources, liquefied gas is required, but a gas with a boiling point close to room temperature and low liquefaction pressure is preferable. However, for gases that are difficult to vaporize in extremely cold environments, a mixed gas is used. Pure water vaporizes at 100℃ to produce steam, expanding its volume by approximately 1,300 times, but remains below its boiling point. and the volume expansion pressure is instantly reduced. Therefore, there is no need to dispose of the water vapor when the ambient temperature is below 100°C at 1 atmosphere. By utilizing these properties, there is no need for a pressurization process of vaporized gas (water vapor) to generate liquefied gas, and it is possible to cause insulation breakdown of liquefied gas (pure water) at low pressure. When supplying to a high-voltage variable DC power supply, nitrobenzene is attractive because of its high dielectric constant and high dielectric strength, but it is smelly and toxic, so pure water or glycerin are more preferable for industrial use.

[0013] Figure 2 shows the charge / discharge control function under pressure for the equipment in each industrial application field in the flowchart of Figure 1(B). Figure 2(A) shows the presence of dielectric breakdown (low withstand voltage), (B) shows the absence of dielectric breakdown (high withstand voltage), (a) shows surface welding, (b) shows a vaporized gas volume expansion drive device (engine), and (c) shows a high dielectric strength high voltage device. It is a variable power source. The role of the charge / discharge control function 13 is to perform high-speed charging or large-capacity discharging of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7. This is to prevent static electricity and facilitate recharging after discharging. FIG. 2(A) shows the case where the electric field of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 has a low withstand voltage, inducing dielectric breakdown and being applicable to surface welding (a) and volume expansion type engines (b). FIG. 2(B) shows the case where the electric field of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is high withstand voltage, and the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is increased. This increases the voltage resistance and makes it suitable for use in high-voltage variable power supplies with high dielectric strength (c). The charging circuit of the charge / discharge control function 13 connects a charger 12, the voltage of which is set according to the application, in parallel with a large-capacitance first capacitor (C1) 16 via a first switch (S1) 14, and supplies power to a capacitance-variable liquid dielectric capacitor 26 made of a thin liquid dielectric layer 7 that constitutes a device for each application. The application of the charge / discharge control function 13 is divided into a case of dielectric breakdown induction and a case of high voltage DC power supply, When applied to induce dielectric breakdown, A second switch 15 connecting the capacitance variable liquid dielectric capacitor 26 and the first capacitor (C1) 16 Equipped with In the case of a volume expansion type engine that requires rapid charging in which charging and discharging are repeated frequently, the first switch (S1) 14 is turned ON, and while a charge is being applied to the first capacitor (C1) 16, the charge of the large capacitance first capacitor (C1) 16 is rapidly charged to the thin liquid dielectric layer 7, and just before dielectric breakdown occurs, the second switch (S2) 15 is turned OFF to prevent over-discharge of the first capacitor (C1) 16 due to dielectric breakdown. In the case of surface welding, which requires large-capacity discharge with relatively low frequency of charging and discharging, Fig. 2(A) As shown in FIG. 1, the first switch (S1) 14 is turned ON to charge the first capacitor (C1) 16, and then the first switch (S1) 14 is turned OFF and the second switch (S2) 15 is turned ON to perform surface welding, and the charge of the first capacitor (C1) 16 is used to supplement the thermal energy of the intermolecular force surface welding. When applied to high voltage DC power supplies, As shown in FIG. 2(B), the first switch (S1) 14 is turned ON to charge the first capacitor (C1) 16 having a high withstand voltage and a large capacitance, and the charger 12 is set to a high voltage. Then, the first switch (S1) 14 and the second switch (S2) 15 are turned ON, and the third switch (S3) 17 is turned OFF to charge the liquid dielectric variable capacitor (C d ) After ultra-fast charging of 24 (high-voltage variable voltage capacitor), turn on the third switch (S3) 17. and connect it to a load 18 for fast charging.

[0014] The present invention is the development of an electrode that induces dielectric breakdown instantly after holding a high electric charge in an appropriate amount of liquid dielectric, and causes a peripheral effect due to the propagation of partial discharge, inducing dielectric breakdown. The positive and negative electrodes are either parallel plate electrodes made of metal and / or nonmetal, or coaxial cylinders, coaxial cones, or coaxial circular electrodes made of coaxial multi-stage cylinders in which the cones of the coaxial cones are replaced with multi-stage cylinders, or concentric spherical electrodes, or coaxial concave-convex cone electrodes made of a pair of concave and convex cone surfaces. In order to increase the dielectric breakdown energy, it is necessary to increase the capacitance (C=Sε / d) of the capacitor sandwiching the thin liquid dielectric layer 6 and to decrease the dielectric strength of the liquid dielectric 5 and the thin layer. The contact area (S) between the thin dielectric layer 7 and the electrode surfaces (solid surfaces) 2, 3 is extremely large, and the liquid dielectric The thickness (d) of the thin layer 7 is made extremely small, and the dielectric constant (ε) is made large. The feature of the present invention is that the dielectric constant is increased by liquefying the gas. Furthermore, the shapes of the opposing surfaces of the electrode surfaces (solid surfaces) are made into 1, 2, or 3 dimensional bodies. The schematic diagrams of these electrodes are shown in Figure 3. (A) Parallel plate electrodes (a) and (B) Coaxial cylindrical / conical electrodes It consists of poles (d,g,j,m). 1) In a one-dimensional parallel plate electrode (a), when a charge Q [C] is applied, the electric field strength is E = Q / ε [V / m]. The potential difference between the electrodes is V = Qd / εS [V], and the capacitance is C = εS / d [F]. 2) For a two-dimensional coaxial cylindrical electrode (d), if the radius of the inner cylinder is a and the radius of the outer cylinder is b, and the charge is λ [C / m], then the electric field strength E = λ / 2πεr [V / m], Vab = λ / 2πε ln b / a [V], and the capacitance C = 2πε / ln b / a [F]. 3) In the case of concentric spheres of a three-dimensional body, if we assume an inner sphere of radius a and an outer sphere of radius b, and give a charge Q[C], then The electric field strength is E=Q / 4πεr 2 [V / m], Vab=Q(1 / a-1 / b) / 4πε[V], and capacitance C=4πε(ab / (ba))[F]. What should be noted here is that the electric field strength on the sphere is 1 / r 22) When the electric field strength on the cylindrical surface becomes 1 / r and (r) becomes small, the electric field strength becomes extremely large, causing dielectric breakdown. The breakdown is expected to trigger the vaporization of the entire thin liquid dielectric layer. The electric field strength distribution of each electrode structure, shown in FIG. 3(A) (schematic diagram of parallel plate electrodes) (a) and (b) (internal electrode structure) (c), is maximized at d=0. In the coaxial cylindrical / conical electrodes of Fig. 3(B), the electric field intensity distribution diagram (e) of the coaxial cylindrical electrode (d) is maximum at the surface a of the core electrode. In the coaxial conical electrode (j), the electric field intensity distribution diagram (e) is maximum at the narrowest part of the conical surface and the surface a of the core electrode. In the case of a coaxial multi-stage electrode (m), the maximum value is reached at the cylindrical surface with the smallest diameter and at the surface of the core electrode c. Among these electrode structures, the coaxial cylindrical electrode (d) has the largest amount of liquid dielectric. In the present invention, the gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing plug shown in FIG. 1(C) is (Dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber) When a metal surface (piston 31) is brought close to the vaporized gas ejection surface of this electrode, as shown in (g, i) of Figure 3(B), the metal surface (piston head 31) comes close to the end surface of the coaxial cylindrical electrode ( Sε / d→ ∞(d→0) ) The electric field in the electric field strength distribution diagram (h) reaches its highest value, a partial discharge occurs, and the liquid dielectric in the electrode has a lower breakdown voltage due to the edge effect, leading to breakdown, vaporization, and the ejection of a large amount of gas.

[0015] A gas jet insulation breakdown inducing plug as an alternative to the spark gap as a gas ignition device conventionally used in internal combustion engines. (Dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber) This gas jet insulation breakdown inducing plug is shown in Fig. 1(C), Fig. 3(B)-(d),(g), Fig. 5(b), Fig. 7(D), Fig. 11(A,B). As shown in FIG. 1, the gas is produced by vaporizing and expanding the liquid dielectric in the sealed electrode chamber with the pulse heat generated by dielectric breakdown. The electrodes are made of metal, and the insulating partition is shielded with a solid material. There are gas jet insulation breakdown inducing plugs 145 with a common inlet for the liquid dielectric and the inlet for the vaporized gas, or there are separate inlet and inlet jet type coaxial cylindrical electrodes 172 with separate inlet and inlet jet types for the gas and the inlet for the vaporized gas. In order to obtain an electrode structure in which the expanding gas fills the liquid dielectric in an amount sufficient to reach the desired pressure and causes instantaneous dielectric breakdown, (1) When the inlet for the liquid dielectric and the outlet for the vaporized gas are the same, A metal conductive surface 170 for inducing dielectric breakdown, which is made of a piston head or rotor, is placed close to the nozzle of the gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing plug as shown in Fig. 3(B)-(g) and Fig. 6-(C, D, E, F) to cause partial discharge, or a metal conductive surface 170 for inducing dielectric breakdown, which is made of a piston head or rotor, is placed close to the nozzle of the gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing plug as shown in Fig. 3(B)-(j, m). The electrodes are partially narrowed in distance and a strong electric field is applied to generate a partial discharge area. The gas outlet of the expanding gas is located between the cylinder end and the piston head. Any one of the following electrodes: a parallel plate electrode in which the cylinder end face and the piston head approach each other and induce a dielectric breakdown just before they come into contact; a coaxial cylindrical electrode consisting of a cylindrical electrode with an expansion gas injection port and a central rod with a cylindrical rod; a coaxial conical electrode consisting of a conical electrode with a wide expansion gas injection port and a central rod with a cylindrical rod; a coaxial concave-convex conical electrode consisting of a conical electrode with a wide expansion gas injection port and a central rod with a conical convex surface; or a coaxial multi-stage cylindrical electrode consisting of a multi-stage cylinder with a wide expansion gas injection port and a central rod with a cylindrical rod. As shown in FIG. 6(C, D, E), the liquid dielectric is arranged on the housing side where the volume enclosed by the contact surface between the rotor and the housing of the circular rotary engine and the contact surface of the vane 166 approaches zero. Gas-jet Breakdown Inducing Plug as a Coaxial Cylinder Electrode with an Inlet (Induction of dielectric breakdown electrode room) 145, and after charging the liquid dielectric, the positive and negative electrodes at the inlet of the liquid dielectric are connected to each other. The electric motor and vane 166 faces are brought close to each other to induce partial discharge. It is prepared. (2) In the case where the outlet of the vaporized gas and the inlet of the liquid dielectric are separated, As shown in Figure 6(F), the liquefied gas is directly injected from the inlet of the liquid dielectric, then sealed with a cock, and the injection port is blocked with a pressure valve that has a reaction force less than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas. After that, the liquid dielectric is charged, and a voltage greater than or equal to the dielectric strength is applied to the inlet / injection port to cause the dielectric breakdown of the liquid dielectric. The inlet / injection port separated coaxial cylindrical electrode 172 is used. The insulating layer is formed at the portion where the volume enclosed by the contact surface between the rotor and the housing and the contact surface of the vane 166 begins to increase. To cause destruction, the electrode is shielded by a pressure valve having a reaction force on the housing side less than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas.

[0016] The welding of the present invention is different from general welding in that it is an instantaneous intermolecular bonding that is not affected by the thermal diffusivity or thermal conductivity of the materials to be welded. Therefore, the materials to be welded are not limited to the type of metal, and it is also possible to weld nonmetals together or metals and nonmetals together. The welding principle is to form a capacitor with a liquid dielectric between the surfaces of the materials to be welded, and the equivalent circuit is a composite dielectric capacitor with a solid dielectric or metal between positive and negative collector electrodes. A liquid dielectric is sandwiched between the surfaces of the materials to be welded, and the liquid dielectric is broken down by the generated pulse heat to complete the welding. The shape of the materials to be welded is a parallel plate or coaxial concave-convex cone electrode, the nonmetallic materials are ceramics, polymer materials, wood, paper, rubber, paint ceramics or plastics, and pure water, oil or alcohol is used as the liquid dielectric. The liquid dielectric sandwiched between the materials to be welded is a variable capacitance capacitor that is considered to be a sealed electrode chamber covered by an atmospheric wall due to the meniscus force, and when this variable capacitance capacitor is charged, the gap between the positive and negative electrodes is shortened by a pressure transfer tool to the point of almost shorting, causing a dielectric breakdown, and even after the dielectric breakdown, pressure is continued until welding is completed. In Fig. 4(A), (a) is a schematic diagram of inserting a liquid dielectric between the materials to be welded, and (b, c, d, e, f, g) are a pair of Welding material (bas e The gap between the liquid dielectric thin layer and the material is compressed by an external pressure tool 8 to reduce the thickness d of the liquid dielectric thin layer ( S ε / d→∞(d→0) ), (e) causes a dielectric breakdown (fire), (f) is further compressed, and (g) with d=0 Intermolecular force welding is completed. Figure 4(B) shows the welded material ( Base The welded materials are classified as metals (h), nonmetals and metals (j), and nonmetals (l), and the corresponding equivalent circuits are shown in (i, k, m). Nonmetals are considered to be solid dielectrics, and the welded material (welded base material) is sandwiched between positive and negative electrode plates 10 and 11 as a first dielectric capacitor (C a )twenty one; When the material to be welded is made of a metal 19 and a non-metal 20, a second capacitor (C b )22;The material to be welded is When the non-metallic capacitor 20 is made of a third capacitor (C c The thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is supplied with the liquid dielectric 5 by the liquid pressurizing tool 4 and pressurized by the pressurizing tool 27 (external pressure pressurizing tool 8) for inducing dielectric breakdown. This reduces the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 to induce dielectric breakdown. In the presence of the generated pulse heat, a load is further applied by the external pressure applying tool 8 to perform intermolecular force welding. Figure 4(C) is a schematic diagram and equivalent circuit of plywood welding. Here, pure water is sandwiched between multiple welded surfaces, a surface load is applied, and when the thickness of the pure water has thinned, an electric charge is applied, and further load is applied, causing dielectric breakdown, and intermolecular force surface welding is performed. Figure 4(C)-(n) shows a schematic diagram of laminate welding, in which three or more sheets of welded base material are stacked to form a multilayer composite dielectric capacitor with a thin liquid dielectric layer 7 sandwiched between a pair of solid surfaces 2, 3. Dielectric breakdown is then caused when compressed by an external pressure application tool 8, and further The load is continued by the external pressure applying tool 8 (insulation breakdown inducing pressure applying tool 27). Since the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is uniformly pressurized, the capacitance reaches its maximum value just before the dielectric breakdown, and the voltage The low but high capacitance, high electrostatic energy, and dielectric breakdown occur simultaneously to perform intermolecular force welding.

[0017] The liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is sandwiched between a pair of solid surfaces 2 and 3 between the positive and negative electrodes, and external pressure is applied between the positive and negative electrodes. After applying an electric charge between the positive and negative electrodes while compressed by the pressure tool 8, microwaves are applied to the liquid dielectric thin layer. Intermolecular welding can also be achieved by inducing dielectric breakdown through irradiation or vacuum / reduced pressure.

[0018] When liquefied gas is sealed in a container and a strong electric field is applied, it vaporizes and expands, generating a pressure 250 to 1,000 times that of the original pressure. This expanding gas instantaneous injection device is used in rockets and blasting devices. The device that generates this strong electric field is called the Gas Jet Breakdown Inducing Plug. (Breakdown electrode chamber) This gas jet induces dielectric breakdown. electrode chamber An expanding gas instantaneous ejection device is a device that first seals a room temperature pressurized liquefied gas consisting of heteronuclear diatomic molecules with a critical temperature of 273 K or higher inside the device, then seals the insulating partition using the insulating partition opening and closing function, and then applies a voltage greater than or equal to the dielectric strength of the liquid dielectric to cause insulation breakdown, generating an ejection gas that is then converted into rocket propulsion or explosive force for a blasting device. The expanding gas instantaneous injection device is equipped with at least one gas jet insulation breakdown inducing plug. This gas jet insulation breakdown induction plug (sealed electrode chamber) is filled with pure water or room temperature pressurized liquefied gas. In the case of a blasting device, the inlet of the liquefied gas is completely sealed, and in the case of a rocket engine device, the gas jet port is shielded by a pressure valve with a reaction force less than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas, and the pressure valve opens when the exhaust pressure of the vaporized gas is equal to or greater than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas, and a nozzle is provided at the rear of the pressure valve. After charging this liquid dielectric, a voltage greater than or equal to the dielectric strength is applied to cause insulation breakdown of the liquid dielectric, and the exhaust pressure of the expanded vaporized gas is converted into energy.

[0019] The engine device of the present invention is different from conventional engines in that it does not involve the combustion of fuel and air, and does not consume fuel. The operating principle is that the room temperature pressurized liquefied gas is broken down, and the volume expansion of the gas generated by vaporization is used as the driving force, and part of the driving force is used to pressurize the vaporized gas and re-liquefy it. This engine repeats this operation, and it is desirable that the liquefied gas for the engine is a gas at room temperature, is liquefied simply by being compressed, has a high dielectric constant, and has a high volume expansion rate between the liquefied gas and the vaporized gas. These liquefied gases, in order of decreasing compression, are butane (2.1 atm), sulfurous acid gas (3.2 atm), propane (8.5 atm), ammonia (8.7 atm), chlorine (10 atm), carbon dioxide (20 atm), or fluorocarbon gas (40 atm). Liquefied gases with high volume expansion ratios between liquefied gas and vaporized gas are ammonia (890 times), butane (240 times), propane (320 times), chlorine (460 times), and carbon dioxide (520 times). Considering these factors, butane and ammonia are the most suitable. On the other hand, pure water (1240 times, 0 atmosphere) It is attractive as a liquefied gas that does not need to be pressurized because it becomes water vapor at 100℃ or higher and has a high volume expansion rate, and condenses below 100℃. Considering these characteristics, the best room temperature pressurized liquefied gases are butane, propane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, or pure water. This engine device induces gas jet insulation breakdown electrode chamber It is a reciprocating engine or rotary engine device equipped with a pressure-transfer and drive transmission function that converts the vaporized and expanded vaporized gas into power. The positive and negative electrode structure of a reciprocating engine is a parallel plate electrode with one electrode on the fixed cylinder end face and the other on the piston head, and the piston head is close to the parallel plate electrode that induces insulation breakdown, and the fixed electrode is on the cylinder end face or the movable electrode is on the piston face. curved surface, It has at least one coaxial circular electrode consisting of a coaxial cylinder, a coaxial cone, or a coaxial multi-stage cylinder, and is gas-jet insulated. Destruction Inducing Plug (Dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber) The piston head is in close proximity to the end face to induce dielectric breakdown. In particular, in this invention, reciprocating engines are arranged in two stages in series to share pistons, forming a double-acting reciprocating engine. This double-acting reciprocating engine has at least one gas jet insulation breakdown inducing plug at each end of the cylinder that sandwiches the first and second piston faces. (Dielectric breakdown Inducing electrode room) First and second gas jet breakdown induction with electrode chamber Equipped with 41, 42 The liquefied gas is expanded in the first gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber 41 to compress the first piston surface, and the driving force is transmitted to the outside of the system by the connected connecting rod. At the same time, the second piston surface is compressed to induce the second gas jet insulation breakdown. electrode chamber 42 is linked to the operation of liquefying gas. The present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned is carried out. There are two types of rotary engines: circular and spherical triangular. A circular rotary engine has at least one coaxial cylindrical electrode on the rotor surface of the moving part. The housing surface of the fixed part is in close proximity to the rotor surface of the movable part, inducing dielectric breakdown. A spherical triangle type rotary engine has at least one coaxial cylindrical electrode on a surface where the curvature of the fixed housing surface and the curvature of the rotor surface match. (curved surface) A method of inducing dielectric breakdown by providing a rotor surface of a movable part in close proximity to the rotor surface of a movable part, and a method of inducing dielectric breakdown by providing at least one of the coaxial cylindrical electrodes in a movable state. The curvature of the rotor surface of the fixed portion is perpendicular to the plane that coincides with the housing surface, and the cocoon-type housing surface of the fixed portion and the rotor surface of the movable portion are close to each other, inducing a dielectric breakdown. Conventional rotary engines require machining of the rotor into a spherical triangle and the housing into a cocoon-shaped locoid curve, but the perfect circle type rotary engine has a rotor and housing that are both perfect circles, making machining easier. This circular rotary engine has at least one vane on the stator housing side. They can be classified into cam-type rotary engines and rotary vane type rotary engines with two vanes on the rotor side. Therefore, in the rotary vane type rotary engine, gas jets and dielectric breakdown induction are installed on the housing surface side. electrode chamber The electrode is a coaxial cylindrical electrode with separate inlet and outlet. In the case of the tally engine, the gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing plug is provided on the rotor surface side, where the liquid dielectric inlet and the vaporized gas jet outlet are the same. (Dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber) It is equipped with:

[0020] Uses of double-acting reciprocating engines include: A linear generator equipped with a magnet for pressure supply and drive transmission functions (Fig. 10(A,B)) , dielectric heating equipment ( Fig. 10(C) A heating and cooling device that links adiabatic expansion and compression pumps of heating and cooling gases (Figure 11(C)) , a jet machine that operates with an adiabatic expansion and compression pump of the atmosphere, an underwater jet boat that operates with an adiabatic expansion and compression pump of seawater, lake water, and river water, and a piston head in the cylinder of a double-acting reciprocating engine 63 is replaced with a magnet (Figure 10(A)) and the cylinder outer wall A generator with a coil on the (Figure 10(B)) There is. In particular, power generation by the double-acting reciprocating engine 63 of the present invention is highly energy efficient because it does not convert a magnetic field into rotational motion but directly converts it into electrical energy. Figure 10( A, As shown in Fig. 2B, the piston 31 of the double-acting reciprocating engine 63 repeats reciprocating motion. A moving part consisting of a plurality of tubular permanent magnets 64, 65 and an iron pole 66 is attached to the connecting rod 32 which is connected to the rotor. The linear generator is equipped with a stator having a plurality of coils arranged in series along the outer periphery of a mover, and generates electricity by the mover reciprocating inside the stator. Figure 2(b) shows a schematic diagram of the discharge of the vaporized gas volume expansion drive device (engine) due to the induction of dielectric breakdown. In this way, the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is instantly vaporized by utilizing the extremely short pulse heat generated by the dielectric breakdown. The volume expansion is performed by compressing the liquefied gas and forming a thin liquid dielectric layer 7. In the state where high electrostatic energy is stored, a high voltage is applied or the thin liquid dielectric layer is shortened, or a dielectric breakdown is induced by microwave irradiation, and the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is vaporized and turned into a gas. This device utilizes the volume expansion of gas to be used in a vaporized gas volume expansion drive device for vehicles, ships, and generators, or a buoyancy float 110 for mining of seabed resources (FIG. 7).

[0021] 6(A,B) are schematic diagrams of a double-acting reciprocating engine 63. There are two explosion points of the engine, separated by a piston 31 in a cylinder 30 of the engine device. As shown in FIG. 6(A, B), a first gas compression / expansion chamber is provided at both ends of a cylinder 30, and the first gas compression / expansion chamber is provided at both ends of the cylinder 30, sharing a piston 31. (Gas Jet Breakdown Voltage extreme room) 41 and the second gas compression and expansion chamber (Gas jet and insulation breakdown electrode chamber) 42 alternates Compression and expansion are repeated. The reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into energy via the connecting rod 32 and the crankshaft 33. The feature of the present invention is nothing more than a variable capacitor that changes the thickness (d) of a thin liquid dielectric layer. The charge / discharge control function 13 keeps charging the capacitor until just before a short circuit occurs between both electrodes due to dielectric breakdown, and dielectric breakdown occurs at the moment when the liquid dielectric thin layer reaches the maximum capacitance, and as shown in Figures 2(A)-(b), the second switch 15 is turned off during the dielectric breakdown, so that the first capacitor (C1) 16 does not over-discharge.

[0022] The rotary engine of the present invention, which does not involve combustion, has no carbon deposits and therefore does not experience compression loss, and is therefore considered to be an optimal engine that overcomes the shortcomings of conventional rotary engines. As shown in FIG. 6(C, D), the rotor 46 rotates in a housing 45. The rotor 46 has three crescent-shaped sealed containers that can be freely extended and retracted. The gas in each sealed container is The gas is pressurized and liquefied, and then vaporizes due to insulation breakdown, causing a volume expansion and being converted into rotational energy. The housing 45 in Fig. 6(C) has four gas jets and dielectric breakdown inducers. Electrode chamber ( plug ) 145, and the insulation breakdown occurs 12 times per rotation at the contact surface between the housing surface and the rotor surface. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 6(D), two gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing plugs 145 are embedded in each edge of the rotor 46 (six in total), and dielectric breakdown occurs 12 times per rotation at the surface where the housing surface and the rotor surface come into contact. In the cam-type rotary engine shown in Fig. 6(E), one gas jet and dielectric breakdown are induced in the circular rotor 169. Electrode chamber ( plug ) 145 is embedded, and the circular rotor 169 passes through the vane 166 and then the gas jet Induction of dielectric breakdown Electrode chamber ( plug ) Induction of dielectric breakdown at vaporization gas injection port 171 (Fig. 1(C)) of 145 The device is provided with a metal conductive surface 170 (Fig. (E)) for electrical insulation, and two dielectric breakdowns occur in one rotation. In the rotary wing type rotary engine of FIG. 6(F), the circular rotor 169 and the housing 45 come into contact with each other. The electrode 172 (FIG. 5(C, F)) is a coaxial cylindrical electrode with separate inlet / injection port on the side of the ring 45. Insulation breakdown occurs.

[0023] To lift up ore from the seabed, water pressure must be overcome. For example, the water pressure at 10,000m below sea level is 1,000 atmospheres, so to lift 1 ton of ore from the water, a volume of 1m3 is required. 3 The float must be filled with 1,000 atmospheres of gas. However, once the ascent begins, the hydrostatic pressure decreases in proportion to the decrease in depth, the volume of the float increases, and the towing capacity of the ore load can also increase. In other words, if the volume of the variable volume float is increased slightly while maintaining a pressure equal to the hydrostatic pressure in the float at the start of the ascent, the ore can be pulled to the surface without consuming mechanical energy. Due to the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy, if a float is placed halfway between the surface and the seabed and towed with a long rope, a heavy object can be pulled up with the relatively small internal pressure of the float. In the present invention, in order to instantly produce a large amount of high-pressure gas in the sea, the high hydrostatic pressure of the deep sea is utilized to compress the buoyancy gas to produce a liquefied gas (heteronuclear diatomic molecules or homonuclear diatomic molecules), and the buoyancy gas is produced in large quantities by dielectric breakdown. The gas is then forced into the swim bladder 110 and compressed to the same pressure as the hydrostatic pressure. While maintaining a constant pressure, the volume of the swim bladder 110 is reduced, and the descent continues to the ocean floor, where the swim bladder 110 becomes useful. By the time the loading of the minerals is completed, a pressure equivalent to the buoyancy is applied to the swim bladder 110, and then the boat begins to ascend. As the diver ascends, the volume-variable swim bladder expands spontaneously, increasing the buoyancy. Here, the volume of the swim bladder 110 is fixed, and the gas in the swim bladder is liquefied to reduce the gas pressure in the swim bladder, thereby adjusting the buoyancy and ascent speed. To save. For example, when nitrogen gas is liquefied, its volume is reduced to 1 / 650, and hydrogen to 1 / 790. This buoyancy gas liquefaction device is shown in Figure 7 (a, b, c). If this liquefied gas production device is combined with a device that controls hydrostatic pressure and the internal pressure of the float as shown in Figure 8, and used as buoyancy gas for the float 110 of a submersible for salvaging seabed resources or heavy loads from the seabed, the liquefied gas can be instantly vaporized when surfacing, and the volume of the float 110 can be increased by the amount of buoyancy. However, as described in Patent Document 4, as the water pressure decreases as the swimmer ascends, the volume of the swim bladder 110 expands. For example, the volume of the swim bladder at a depth of 10,000 m at the ocean floor is 1,000 times that of the ocean surface. As a result, part of the vaporized gas in the swim bladder 110 is liquefied during the ascent. The balance between the internal pressure inside the bag and the water pressure outside the swim bladder is controlled by the gas recovery function 133 to keep the volume of the swim bladder 110 constant, and during descent the internal pressure inside the swim bladder is made equal to or lower than the water pressure. To liquefy this vaporized gas, hydrostatic pressure is applied to the liquefied natural gas to cool it down to the critical temperature of the gas as a buoyancy gas. This cooling causes the liquefied gas to instantly vaporize with pulsed heat from an electrode 134 for inducing insulation breakdown that is provided in communication with the swim bladder 110, causing the swim bladder 110 to suddenly expand and start to float. Meanwhile, as the swim bladder rises, the increasing The internal pressure of the swim bladder 110 increases, and some of the vaporized gas in the swim bladder 110 is liquefied, and the internal pressure of the swim bladder 110 and the external pressure become equal. Maintain the lance and surface. This floating device for mining of seabed resources uses a gas jet as an electrode for inducing dielectric breakdown. Electrode chamber ( plug ) 145, a liquefied gas consisting of the heteronuclear diatomic molecule or the homonuclear diatomic molecule After the injection, dielectric breakdown is repeated at a high frequency, and a large amount of vaporized gas consisting of heteronuclear diatomic molecules or homonuclear diatomic molecules with a pressure equal to or greater than the hydrostatic pressure is instantly filled into the float bladder 110, and the vaporized gas after filling is liquefied while maintaining a balance between the internal pressure of the float bladder 110 and the hydrostatic pressure in order to suppress the volume expansion of the float bladder 110 during surfacing. This is a device that performs the following. 1) The liquefied gas used here is the heteronuclear diatomic carbon dioxide, which is the above-mentioned room temperature pressurized liquefied gas. 2) A low temperature pressurized liquefied gas or a room temperature pressurized liquefied gas consisting of homonuclear diatomic molecules excluding halogens, whose critical temperature is 273K or lower. 3) If the boiling point of the homonuclear diatomic molecule is equal to or higher than the boiling point of neon, the homonuclear diatomic molecule is compressed using a pressurizing function and then cooled with room temperature pressurized liquefied gas. 4) If the boiling point of the homonuclear diatomic molecule is lower than that of neon, it is a room temperature pressurized liquefied gas and a homonuclear diatomic molecule. Liquefied hydrogen is produced by compressing hydrogen cooled with liquefied neon produced by compressing a mixture of molecular gases using a pressurizing function to liquefy homonuclear diatomic molecules, which are then further cooled using a thermoelectric cooling function. 5) If the boiling point of the rare gas is lower than that of neon, the mixture of room temperature pressurized liquefied gas and homonuclear diatomic molecules is compressed using the pressurization function to liquefy the homonuclear diatomic molecules, which are then further cooled using the thermoelectric element cooling function to produce liquefied neon, and the resulting liquefied helium is compressed. This buoyancy device for lifting seabed resources is equipped with an internal pressure / hydrostatic pressure balance adjustment function that adjusts the balance between the internal pressure and hydrostatic pressure of the float when descending to the seabed and when surfacing by injecting vaporized gas obtained by vaporizing and expanding at least one of the liquefied gases consisting of the above into the float.

[0024] At a depth of 10,000m, the water pressure is 1,000 atmospheres. From this point, the internal pressure of the float 110 needs to be more than 1,000 atmospheres in order to lift the seabed resources to the surface. However, if the float starts to surface in this state, the external pressure of the float decreases at a rate of 0.1 atmospheres / m as the depth becomes shallower, and the volume of the float 110 decreases by 0.1 / m. It expands, and when it reaches the sea, its volume becomes 1,000 times larger. The volume of this float 110 can be controlled by the float volume adjuster 111 to increase or decrease the volume by several times, but controlling the volume by 1,000 times requires a huge float, which is uneconomical. In the present invention, in order to keep the internal and external pressures of the swim bladder 110 constant, which change with depth, the swim bladder is equipped with a floatation device. By liquefying a portion of the heteronuclear diatomic molecules or homonuclear diatomic molecules in swim bladder 110, there was no change in the volume of swim bladder 110 (FIG. 8). The buoyancy gas liquefaction and floatation bladder internal pressure control device is as shown in FIG. 8 (A, B). The gas (nitrogen) in the floatation bladder 110 is liquefied. The gas recovery function 133 is provided for liquefying and recovering gases (oxygen, air, carbon dioxide). The structure of the gas recovery function 133 is to liquefy the gas in the swim bladder 110 in the thin tube 137 and then to collect the liquefied gas. The capillary 137 and the gas storage vessel 138 are then immersed in liquefied propane for collection in the liquefied gas storage vessel 138. It is an immersion structure. When the gas is hydrogen, first and second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant vessels 113 and 114 are arranged as shown in FIG. A thin tube 137 and a thin tube 138 are inserted into a second coaxial cylindrical cooling vessel 114 in which liquefied neon is injected as a refrigerant. and a gas storage vessel 138 are immersed in the second coaxial cylindrical cooling vessel 114, and the second coaxial cylindrical cooling vessel 114 is used for cooling the thermoelectric element. The gas in the swim bladder 110 is cooled by the liquefied neon generated by auxiliary cooling, and the gas in the swim bladder 110 is adjusted to the depth while rising. The structure balances the water pressure generated by the insulator, and the circuit for inducing dielectric breakdown is shown in Figure (D).

[0025] To raise 1 ton of ore to the surface in water, a volume of 1 m is required. 3The air bladder of the yacht must be filled with gas at 1,000 atmospheres. Therefore, we propose a method to produce a large amount of high-pressure gas for buoyancy in a short time in the deep sea using a double-acting reciprocating engine. As shown in FIG. 9, inside the cylinder, a first gas compression / expansion chamber 41 and a second gas compression / expansion chamber 42 are arranged on either side of the piston. The first piston surface is a metal conductive surface 170 for inducing dielectric breakdown. The second piston surface acts as a metal conductive surface 170 for inducing dielectric breakdown, and the metal conductive surface 170 for inducing dielectric breakdown is in close proximity to the metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102 to induce dielectric breakdown. (Dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber) 41 and the second gas compression and expansion chamber (Dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber ) 42 includes first and second buoyancy gas injection function valves 153, 154, and first and second buoyancy gas injection valves 154, A gas jet insulation breakdown inducing plug is provided. (Dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber) The apparatus includes a metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102 including a buoyancy gas supply valve 145 and a first and a second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant container 113, 114 for cooling the first and second buoyancy gases in the metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102, respectively. A high-pressure buoyancy gas is produced by inducing a dielectric breakdown in one of the metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102, and the buoyancy gas injected from the buoyancy gas injection function valves 153, 154 is compressed in the other of the metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102. The gas for buoyancy is liquefied and injected into the float 110 through the buoyancy gas ejection valves 156, 155. This operation is performed by the metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102 provided on both ends of the cylinder and the first and second gas compression and expansion chambers. (Dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber) 41, 41 are repeated to produce high pressure buoyancy gas in a short time. do.

[0026] Conventional batteries have a low electromotive force and are heavy and have a short lifespan due to the chemical reaction involved. In contrast, capacitors (high dielectric strength, high voltage variable power supplies) simply store electrons, do not undergo chemical reactions, and are light in weight. Moreover, by expanding the distance between the electrodes of the capacitor, high voltage discharge is possible, and by changing the distance between the electrodes after charging, voltage can be varied. If a liquid dielectric with a high dielectric constant and high dielectric strength is used, it is highly practical as an on-board power supply. This high dielectric strength high voltage variable power supply (Capacitor) The positive and negative electrodes of the sealed electrode chamber are metal electrodes consisting of parallel plates or coaxial cones, and a high-voltage liquid dielectric is filled between the positive and negative electrodes, and a variable capacitance capacitor with the electrode gap widened by a pressure transfer tool can be charged with high voltage. This liquid dielectric with a high dielectric constant and high dielectric strength is pure water, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. In the present invention, (c) 14(A, C), the static electricity stored in the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 When electrical energy is used outside the system, the solid materials 2 and 3 are metals 19, and a thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is sandwiched between the positive and negative electrodes 10 and 11. d ) is formed, and the thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is increased to a desired withstand voltage by the liquid pressurizing tool 4 and / or the external pressure pressurizing tool 8, and then a voltage less than the withstand voltage is applied. A high-voltage variable power supply device with high dielectric strength consisting of a capacitance-variable liquid dielectric capacitor that is charged by external pressure and compensates for voltage drops due to continued discharge by increasing the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 with the negative pressure of an external pressure applying tool 8, thereby lowering the capacitance and increasing the output voltage. (Capacitor) It is. Figure 2(B (c) 4(B) shows an outline of a high dielectric strength high voltage variable power supply device in the form of an electric circuit, and is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the thickness (d) of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is increased to increase the dielectric strength. FIG. 4(C) shows a state in which a pair of capacitors is connected to multiple FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the battery packs are connected in parallel and charged. The parallel-connected capacitors are variable capacitance liquid dielectric capacitors with a pair of metal plates. As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 2(A), increasing the thickness (d) of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 increases the capacitance (C d ) becomes smaller, but the dielectric strength becomes larger. On the other hand, the electrostatic energy (Wd ) is proportional to the square of the voltage (V1). Therefore, the capacitance (C d In terms of energy utilization, it is advantageous to increase the voltage (V1) even at the expense of the capacitance (Vp) of the capacitor. If a dielectric with high dielectric strength is used, a high-voltage capacitor can be realized simply by increasing the charging voltage. In particular, if a liquid is used as the dielectric, the thickness (d) of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 can be increased or decreased simply by controlling the liquid pressure. As shown in FIG. 14(A), when the liquid dielectric 5 is inserted using the liquid pressurizing tool 4, the thickness (d) of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 increases, and a capacitor with high dielectric strength (C d ) is formed. d A configuration diagram in which multiple sets of parallel-connected capacitors are connected is shown in FIG. 14 (AC). When a voltage (V1) is charged with the external pressure tool 8 (Fig. 2), a capacitor with a dielectric strength of V1 is created, and when pressure is applied / depressurized with the external pressure tool 8, it becomes a high-voltage variable direct current power source. High dielectric strength, suitable for use as a capacitor for high voltage variable power supplies.

[0027] High-voltage variable power supply with high dielectric strength (Capacitor) In the insulating fluid 1, the dielectric strength of the gas is Therefore, in a high-voltage DC power supply that requires high dielectric strength, the insulating fluid 1 is made liquid, and the interface tension transformation between the liquid dielectric thin layer 5 and the insulating fluid 1 is performed. To achieve this, an interfacial tension changing separator 119 made of a water-repellent porous fluororesin film 120 is provided. FIG. 14(A) is a schematic diagram showing the liquid dielectric 5 in intimate contact with the water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 120. The role of the force converting isolation membrane 119 is to allow gas to pass through the water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 120 but not water. Therefore, if the water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 120 is used for the window of the container, the container will not be sealed against water. However, when water pressure greater than the water resistance of the water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 120 is applied, the water becomes water-repellent. In other words, the window of the sealed container is artificially opened by water pressure. Therefore, the water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 120 as the isolation membrane is closed by a pressure switch. The gist of this invention is to use it as a In the present invention, as a means for increasing the dielectric strength, a freely expandable outer wall 118 is provided at the boundary between the insulating fluid 1 and the thin liquid dielectric layers 5, 6, 7, and in order to prevent the insulating fluid 1 from penetrating between the pair of flat plates and to form a sealed container for enclosing the thin liquid dielectric layers 5, 6, 7, a first water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 121 having water- and oil-repellent properties is provided as an isolation membrane and sealed container outer wall 123, and a second water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 122 is provided as an isolation membrane and fluid inlet 124 for pressing the liquid dielectric 5 into the thin liquid dielectric layers 5, 6, 7, and the liquid is pressurized by a liquid pressurizing tool 4 through the second water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 122. The dielectric material 5 is injected / discharged, and the water repellency and water pressure resistance difference of the water repellent porous fluororesin film 121 are adjusted. The thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layers 5, 6, and 7 is increased to a desired dielectric strength by using a water-repellent porous This is a high-voltage DC power supply that prevents creeping discharge by permeating insulating fluid 1 into water-repellent porous fluororesin film 121 using insulating fluid pressurizing tool 9. Effect of the Invention

[0028] According to the present invention, the withstand voltage can be controlled by increasing or decreasing the thickness of the thin liquefied gas layer sandwiched between the positive and negative electrodes, and the thin liquefied gas layer can be made thin to induce dielectric breakdown, and the thermal energy caused by the dielectric breakdown can be used for surface welding, engine equipment, or for producing buoyancy gas for floats for lifting seabed resources, or the thin liquefied gas layer can be made thick to produce a high dielectric strength, high voltage variable power supply capacitor. (Capacitor) Provided as. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0029] [Figure 1] Classification flow chart of industrial application devices related to dielectric breakdown and voltage resistance enhancement of thin liquid dielectric layers [Diagram 2] Classification of industrial application devices with or without dielectric breakdown in thin liquid dielectric layers [Diagram 3]Diagram of various electrodes for inducing dielectric breakdown, electric field strength distribution diagram, internal structure diagram of electrodes (A) Parallel plate electrodes (B) Coaxial cylindrical / conical electrodes [Figure 4] Schematic diagram of intermolecular force surface welding by dielectric breakdown of a thin liquid dielectric layer (A) Process diagram from charge entry into the liquid dielectric to dielectric breakdown and welding (B) Equivalent circuit of welding base materials (metal-metal, metal and nonmetal, nonmetal-metal) (C) Equivalent circuit of plywood welding [Diagram 5] Diffusivity and melting point of welded materials (metals, ceramics, plastics) [Figure 6] Schematic diagram of double-acting reciprocating engine and rotary engine (A) Parallel plate electrode type double-acting reciprocating engine (B) Gas jet insulation breakdown induction plug type double-acting reciprocating engine (C) Spherical triangular type rotary engine with gas jet insulation breakdown induction electrode chamber (plug) in the housing (D) Spherical triangular type rotary engine with gas jet insulation breakdown induction electrode chamber (plug) in the rotor (E) Cam type rotary engine (F) Rotor type rotary engine [Figure 7] Schematic diagram of equipment for producing buoyancy gas by dielectric breakdown (a) Dielectric breakdown of carbon dioxide by cooling liquefied butane gas (b) Dielectric breakdown of nitrogen, oxygen, and air by cooling liquefied propane gas (c) Production of liquefied neon gas by liquefied propane gas and electronic refrigeration elements, and dielectric breakdown of hydrogen and helium [Figure 8] Schematic diagram of liquefaction of buoyancy gas and pressure control device for the swim bladder (A) Dielectric breakdown of carbon dioxide by cooling liquefied butane gas and pressure control device for the swim bladder (B) Dielectric breakdown of nitrogen, oxygen, and air by cooling liquefied propane gas and pressure control device for the swim bladder (C) Production of liquefied neon gas by liquefied propane gas and electronic refrigeration element, and dielectric breakdown of hydrogen and helium and pressure control device for the swim bladder (D) Dielectric breakdown induction circuit for metal coaxial cylindrical electrodes using dielectric breakdown induction electrode [Figure 9] Schematic diagram of a high-speed production system for buoyancy gas using a double-acting reciprocating engine [Figure 10]Schematic diagram of a magnetic induction device using a double-acting reciprocating engine (A) Schematic diagram of a linear generator using magnets as pistons inside a cylinder (B) A three-phase AC generator that moves cylindrical magnets outside the engine (C) A device that boils water using magnetic induction by moving cylindrical magnets outside the engine [Figure 11] A device that drives a compressor with a double-acting reciprocating engine (A) A jet plane compressor that takes in and ejects air (B) A jet boat compressor that takes in and ejects seawater or lake water (C) A heating and cooling device that takes in and ejects air conditioning gas and repeats adiabatic expansion and compression [Figure 12] Schematic diagram of an explosive device (A) that uses the dielectric breakdown of a thin liquid dielectric layer and a rocket engine (B) [Figure 13] Ship propulsion device using a double-acting reciprocating engine with concentric sphere electrodes (A) Wine glass type propulsion device using streamlined shapes (B) Water kick board type propulsion device [Figure 14] Schematic diagram of a high-voltage variable power supply with high dielectric strength (A) Schematic diagram of a horizontally placed high-voltage capacitor (with insulating fluid) (B) A high-voltage power supply for vehicles that combines a voltage variable capacitor using a concave-convex conical electrode and a coaxial cylindrical capacitor in parallel DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0030] Effective embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

[0031] Figure 4(A (a) ) is a liquid dielectric (thin layer) 5, 6, 7 sandwiched between a pair of solid surfaces 2, 3 and sandwiched between positive and negative electrodes 10, 11. Solder liquid variable capacitor C d 24, in which at least one of the pair of solid surfaces is nonmetallic. Figure 4(A(b) ) and Fig. 4(A(c) ) is applied to flat surface welding, but Fig. 4(A (a) ) is double-sided It is made of metal and is applied to flat welding and engines. These three types of opposing solid surfaces The back surface is in close contact with the positive and negative electrodes 10 and 11 to form a capacitor, and the positive and negative electrodes of this capacitor are spaced apart from each other. The pressure applying tool 8 or the dielectric breakdown inducing pressure applying tool 27 is used to "pressure / depressurize", the film thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is "contracted / expanded", "dielectric breakdown is induced / high voltage resistance is achieved", and "flat welding or engine / high voltage direct current welding is performed". As shown in Fig. 4(B), a pair of solid surfaces are metal-to-metal (Fig. 4(B ( h,i)), metals and nonmetals (Fig. 4(B ( j, k) ) , nonmetallic (Fig. 4(C ( i,m) ) Metal The welding conditions were Al / Cu and SUS / Cu, metal and non-metal welding was Al / synthetic quartz glass, and non-metal welding was synthetic quartz glass / BK7 glass.

[0032] In order to perform welding, it is desirable that the materials to be welded have low thermal diffusivity and low melting point. In addition, the diffusivity and melting point of the pair of materials to be welded must be close to each other. As shown in the table, the diffusivities and melting points of typical welded materials, metals, ceramics, and plastics, were measured.

[0033] A stainless steel plate with low thermal diffusivity (κ: 405) and a copper plate with high thermal diffusivity (κ: 11,300) were sandwiched between pure water and After charging at 20 V, a load of 0.5 MPa was applied to perform surface welding of the stainless steel and copper.

[0034] Synthetic quartz plates (κ: 141) with low thermal diffusivity were sandwiched between pure water and charged with DC=200V. Then, a load of 0.5MPa was applied to perform surface welding of the synthetic quartz.

[0035] Pure water was placed between a fluororesin plate (PTFE) (κ: 11) with low thermal diffusivity and polypropylene (PP) (κ: 6.4), and after charging with DC = 20 V, a load of 0.5 MPa was applied and surface welding of the PTFE and PP was performed.

[0036] FIG. 12(A) shows the electrode 134 for inducing dielectric breakdown (gas jet dielectric breakdown induction). electrode chamber 145) A capacitor formed by injecting a liquid dielectric 5 is housed in a sealed container 107 for an explosive device. As shown in Fig. 12(A), the metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102 is used as one electrode, and the electrode 134 is used as the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction electrode in the cylinder. electrode chamber 145, and pure water is injected as a liquid dielectric 5 into the dielectric breakdown inducing electrode 134 by the liquid pressurizing tool 4. A thin liquid dielectric layer 7 is formed, and a charge / discharge control circuit 131 (FIG. 12(C)) is added. The function 13 includes a third capacitor (C3) 105 and a fourth capacitor (C4) 106 coupled in series to the first The switch 14 is turned on to apply an electric charge, the fourth switch 104 is connected to the third capacitor (C3) 105, and the coaxial cylindrical electrodes 103 are charged. After that, the first switch 14 is turned off, the fourth switch 104 is connected to the fourth capacitor (C4) 106, and a voltage (V3+V4) greater than the withstand voltage is applied between the coaxial cylindrical electrodes 103. Dielectric breakdown was induced. Figure 12(B) shows a rocket engine designed and fabricated by covering a rocket nozzle 109 with a group of metal coaxial cylindrical electrodes 102 consisting of electrodes 134 for inducing dielectric breakdown. The liquid dielectric is pure water.

[0037] In order to prevent the explosion of the double-acting reciprocating engine 63 due to the volume expansion drive of the carburetor gas, the first The gas is compressed and expanded from the gas compression / expansion chamber 41 through a bypass 35 (FIG. 13(A, B)) that buffers the shock pressure of the volume expansion. The second gas compression / expansion chamber 42 is replenished with the gas. The vaporized gas supply bypass 35 is connected to one of the vaporized gas compression and expansion chambers 41 and 42. The gas is supplied to the vaporized gas compression and expansion chamber of the other chamber, and the engine structure is provided with a valve function by a piston 31 that cuts off the supply of vaporized gas 44 while liquefied gas 43 is being generated in one of the vaporized gas compression and expansion chambers, and further includes a variable capacity gas reservoir 56 equipped with a piston head 55 with a spring 54 between the bypass 35 to prevent the engine from bursting due to the volumetric expansion of the vaporized gas, and at least one gas pressure buffer (for shock prevention) 53 having a function of pushing out the vaporized gas 44 captured in the gas reservoir 56 to the other vaporized gas compression and expansion chamber, and a semi-concave spherical surface forming an outer sphere is used as an electrode. Assuming that the first electrode is the one side and the semi-convex spherical surface forming the inner sphere is the other electrode, the double-acting reciprocating engine 63 is configured as shown in Figure 13 (A, B) with the first spherical electrode 87, the second spherical electrode 88, and the concave spherical electrode / piston. The double-acting reciprocating engine 63 uses a spherical electrode 89 with a large surface area, which results in a high capacitance, and the maximum electric field strength is obtained on the surface of the spherical electrode, which makes it possible to cause insulation breakdown at a low voltage.

[0038] As shown in Fig. 13(A, B), a prototype of a marine propulsion device 90 was produced, which converts the reciprocating motion of a double-acting reciprocating engine 63 into propulsive force via a connecting rod 32, instead of a conventional screw propeller. The marine propulsion device 90 has a first type that has a repulsive force with water required for the propulsion device to move forward, The structure of the marine propulsion device 90 is as shown in FIG. 13 (A, B) in which the propulsion device changes shape in water during forward and backward rectilinear motion (A) and (B) No change in shape. In the case where there is no change in shape, the second style is a streamlined type structure and the first style is an anti-streamlined type structure, and the first style is a plane perpendicular to the reciprocating linear motion axis or The first type has a concave surface, and the second type has a streamlined convex surface relative to the reciprocating rectilinear motion axis. When changing the shape, the first mode is maximized by changing the plane perpendicular to the axis of reciprocating linear motion. The angle between the two plates is 180 degrees (θ=180 ) and in order to satisfy the second style, we prototyped a water kick board type propulsion device (kick board) 91 that automatically fixes the angle between the two boards to 0 degrees (θ≧0).

[0039] A parallel plate type double-acting reciprocating engine 63 shown in Fig. 6(A) was prototyped. The cylinder was an aluminum pipe (50φ) filled with butane gas, ammonia gas, and carbon dioxide as liquid dielectric gases, and a dielectric breakdown was caused by applying DC 500 to 700 V, and the engine was operated continuously for 60 minutes.

[0040] As shown in Figure 6(C), a cam-type rotary engine was made using an aluminum housing (250 x 250 x 50). It was filled with butane gas, and a dielectric breakdown was caused by applying DC 400V. It was then operated continuously for 120 minutes. .

[0041] As shown in Figure 10(A), the cylinder of a double-acting reciprocating engine 63 (inner diameter 45 mm acrylic pipe) Circular magnetic piston inside 151 and attach a stator with a coil to the outer wall of the cylinder. We prototyped a generator equipped with this function.

[0042] The critical temperatures of gases such as nitrogen and air are nitrogen: -147.1°C, oxygen: -118.4°C, and air: -140.7°C, so propane gas (melting point: -190°C, boiling point: -45°C, critical temperature: +96.8°C, critical pressure: 4.25 MPa), which has a boiling point lower than these critical temperatures, was used as the first supercritical fluid 115. Since propane gas has a high critical temperature of +96.8°C, it begins to liquefy at 0.86 MPa when pressurized at room temperature. As shown in Figures 7(a,b), As shown, propane gas is injected as a first supercritical fluid 115 into a first coaxial cylindrical refrigerant vessel 113 in which a group of metal coaxial cylindrical electrodes 102 is inserted. The critical temperature of the first supercritical fluid is +96.8° C. Since the critical pressure is 4.25 MPa, if pressure is started at room temperature using the liquid pressure tool 4,128,129, Liquefaction began at approximately 0.86 MPa, achieving the internal pressure of the swim bladder 110 required for buoyancy.

[0043] The device shown in Figure 7(c) was prototyped. The critical temperature of hydrogen is -240.18°C, so neon gas (melting point: -249°C, boiling point: -246°C, critical temperature: -228.6°C, critical pressure: 100°C) with a boiling point lower than these critical temperatures was used. A supercritical fluid 114 of propane gas was selected as the first supercritical fluid 114 at a critical pressure (hydrostatic pressure: 2.76 MPa) in the first coaxial cylindrical refrigerant vessel 113 in order to perform three-stage cooling, since a critical temperature of -228.6°C is required to liquefy neon gas. At the same time, neon gas is injected as a second supercritical fluid 116 into the second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant vessel 114, and the second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant vessel 114 is supplementarily cooled by an electronic refrigeration element 136. The neon gas in the second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant vessel 114 is pressurized to its critical pressure (2.76 MPa). This achieves the internal pressure of the float required for buoyancy, producing liquefied hydrogen.

[0044] As shown in Figure 8 (A, B, C), in order to produce buoyancy gas for a float for lifting deep-sea resources in the deep sea, a coaxial cylindrical electrode for inducing dielectric breakdown is provided, and this coaxial cylindrical electrode is combined with a refrigerant of liquefied petroleum gas or liquefied rare gas and an electronic refrigeration element to obtain the critical temperature of the gas, and the critical pressure of the buoyancy gas is applied using the water pressure at the bottom of the sea. The gas sandwiched between the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is compressed by the water pressure at the bottom of the sea to generate liquefied gas, and after giving an electric charge to this liquefied gas, a voltage higher than the withstand voltage is applied to the liquefied gas to cause dielectric breakdown. The extremely short pulse heat generated by this dielectric breakdown vaporizes the liquefied gas, and the resulting volume expansion is used as buoyancy gas to complete the float. Furthermore, when the float starts to rise, the water pressure decreases as the water depth decreases, and the volume of the float expands in proportion to this. Therefore, the volume of the float is fixed and only the gas pressure is reduced. A prototype device was made to liquefy part of the buoyancy gas during this reduction in pressure.

[0045] As shown in Figures 7(b) and 8(B), we developed a prototype swim bladder pressure control device that generates buoyancy gas for the swim bladder by placing nitrogen gas inside a coaxial cylindrical electrode and cooling the coaxial cylindrical electrode with liquefied propane gas, and that lowers the internal pressure of the swim bladder by cooling part of the nitrogen gas inside the swim bladder with liquefied propane gas.

[0046] It is possible to carry out synthetic chemical reactions by causing dielectric breakdown of multiple types of gases. As shown in the synthetic chemical reaction device in FIG. 1(B), carbon is placed in a thin liquid dielectric layer 7 between completely sealed metal parallel plate electrodes. When a mixture of acid gas and hydrogen gas is compressed, only carbon dioxide gas is liquefied. After applying an electric charge to this liquefied carbon dioxide layer, the voltage resistance control function 128 and the interfacial tension control function The thickness of the liquefied carbon dioxide layer is made close to zero or the withstand voltage is increased to induce dielectric breakdown, and the vaporized carbon dioxide gas generated by the extremely short pulse thermal energy generated by the dielectric breakdown reacts with hydrogen gas to synthesize hydrocarbons.

[0047] As shown in FIG. 14(A), a metal potless thin liquid capsule consisting of a thin liquid dielectric layer 5 is formed between a pair of electrodes 2 and 3. By forming the thin layer of liquid dielectric 6, negative pressure is applied between the thin layers of liquid dielectric, and the thickness of the thin layers of liquid dielectric is increased to obtain a high resistance. When a voltage capacitor is configured, high-voltage charging is performed to store high electrostatic energy, and the voltage begins to drop when it is connected to a load 18. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2(Bc), a negative pressure is applied by an external pressure applying tool 8 to keep the output voltage (V1) constant. However, depending on the liquid dielectric, if the dielectric strength is low, the liquid dielectric may become thin. The thickness of the layer must be increased, and the walls of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 must be insulated to prevent creeping discharge. Therefore, as shown in Figure 14(A), a water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane is used to seal the container. A container is made, a metal potless thin liquid capsule 6 filled with a liquid dielectric is inserted into it, and the liquid dielectric 5 is pressed into the container with a liquid pressurizing tool 4 to increase the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer 7. The water-repellent porous fluororesin membranes 119 and 120 are then pressed against the insulating tool pressurizing tool 4 from the outside. 4,A high-voltage electrostatic capacitance variable capacitor without creeping discharge was fabricated by applying pressure to the water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane with the oil pressure resistance of 127 and contacting it with insulating oil 126.

[0048] As shown in Figure 14(C), a prototype capacitor was made by arranging 10 coaxial cylindrical electrode type coaxial cylindrical capacitors 162 in parallel. A high-voltage capacitor was prototyped with coaxial cylindrical electrodes of an aluminum pipe (inner diameter 6 mm) as the negative electrode and a copper rod (outer diameter 1 mm) as the positive electrode. Pure water and glycerin were used as the liquid dielectric. [Industrial Applicability]

[0049] The expansion of the volume of vaporized gas generated by dielectric breakdown of an electrically charged liquid dielectric layer has made it possible to create an engine that does not require refueling and does not involve combustion, and by applying an electric charge to the liquid dielectric layer sandwiched between the materials to be welded and then applying further weight, it has become possible to perform intermolecular force surface welding.Furthermore, the liquid dielectric layer can be made thicker to increase the withstand voltage, making it possible to use a high-voltage variable capacitance capacitor for vehicles. [Explanation of symbols]

[0050] 1. Insulating fluid 2. A pair of solid surfaces (base material a) 3. A pair of solid surfaces (base material b) 4 Liquid pressurizer 5 Liquid dielectric (ε) 6 Kin'ou Unbreakable Thin Liquid Capsules 7 Thin Liquid Dielectric Layer 8 External pressure application tool 9. Insulating fluid pressurizer 10 Positive electrode plate 11 Negative electrode plate 12 charger 13 Charge / discharge control function 14 First Switch 15 Second Switch 16 First Capacitor (C1) 17 The Third Switch 18 Load 19 metal 20 Non-metals 21 First dielectric capacitor (C a ) 22 Second dielectric capacitor (C b ) 23 Third dielectric capacitor (C c ) 24 Liquid dielectric variable capacitor (C d ) 25 Gaps indicating dielectric breakdown 26 Variable Capacitance Liquid Dielectric Capacitor 27 Pressure tool for inducing dielectric breakdown 28 Second Capacitor (C2) 29 Metastasis control function 30 Cylinder 31 Piston 32 Connecting rod (rod) 33 Crankshaft 34 wheels 35 Vapor gas replenishment bypass 36 Explosion 37 First cylinder electrode 38 Second cylinder electrode 39 First piston electrode 40 Second piston electrode 41 First gas compression and expansion chamber (Gas jet and insulation breakdown electrode chamber) 42 Second gas compression and expansion chamber (Gas jet and insulation breakdown electrode chamber) 43 Liquefied Gas 44 Vaporized Gas 45 Housing 46 Rotor 47 First rotor electrode 48 Second rotor electrode 49 Third rotor electrode 50 first housing electrode 51 Second housing electrode 52 Housing inner wall curved electrode 53 Gas pressure shock absorber (for shock prevention) 54 Spring 55 Piston head 56 Variable volume gas reservoir 57 Axial compressor 58 Pyramid convex electrode 59 Pyramid concave electrode 60 Gas exhaust port (vaporized gas outlet) 61 Gas inlet (liquefied gas inlet) 62 Turbo Blade 63 Double-acting reciprocating engine 64 Tubular permanent magnet (S) mover 65 Tubular permanent magnet (N) mover 66 Tubular iron pole mover 67 Coreless copper coil stator 68 Fluid Jet Pump 69 Jet nozzle with first fluid control valve (suction, ejection, ejection direction switching) 70 Jet nozzle with second fluid control valve (suction, ejection, ejection direction switching) 71 First Piston 72 First fluid jet nozzle 73 Second fluid jet (jet nozzle) 74 First fluid intake port 75 Second fluid intake 76 First fluid compression chamber 77 Second Fluid Compression Chamber 78 Second Piston 79 First fluid ejection door opening / closing valve 80 Second fluid ejection door opening / closing valve 81 First fluid ejection direction changing valve 82 Second fluid ejection direction changing valve 83 First Fluid Spout Door 84 Second Fluid Spout Door 85 First fluid intake door 86 Second fluid intake door 87 First spherical electrode 88 Second spherical electrode 89 Concave spherical electrode and piston 90 Marine propulsion equipment 91 Water kickboard type propulsion device (kick version) 92 Submarine body cut-out type propulsion device (wine glass type) 93 Double-acting reciprocating engine using spherical electrodes 94 First Hydraulic Cylinder 95 Second hydraulic cylinder 96 Third Hydraulic Cylinder 97 First pressure control valve 98 Second pressure control valve 99 First hydraulic output rod 100 Second hydraulic output rod 101 Output oil 102 Metallic coaxial cylindrical electrode group 103 Coaxial cylindrical electrode 104 The Fourth Switch 105 Third Capacitor (C3) 106 Fourth Capacitor (C4) 107 Closed containers for explosive devices 108 Sealing lid 109 Rocket Nozzle 110 Swim bladder 111 Swim bladder volume adjuster 112 Coaxial cylindrical electrode open surface 113 First coaxial cylindrical refrigerant vessel 114 Second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant vessel 115 The first supercritical fluid 116 The second supercritical fluid 117 Gas Cylinder 118 Exterior Wall 119 Interfacial tension conversion membrane 120 Water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 121 First water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 122 Second water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane 123 Separation membrane and sealed container outer wall 124 Isolation membrane and insulating fluid inlet 125 Insulating Fluid Layer 126 Insulating Oil 127 Insulating oil pressure tool 128 Voltage resistance control function (liquid pressure tool, external pressure tool) 129 Water pressure (deep sea) 130 Liquid gases (air, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium) 131 Dielectric Breakdown Inducing Circuit 132 Electronic refrigeration element temperature control circuit 133 Gas recovery function 134 Electrodes for Inducing Dielectric Breakdown 135 Refrigerants (liquefied gas) 136 Electronic Refrigeration Elements 137 Thin tube 138 Liquefied gas storage container 139 Cook 140 Central axis electrode 141 Coaxial cylindrical outer electrode 142 Resource collection basket 143 Resource loading basket 144 Sunken Ship 145 Gas jet insulation breakdown induction plug (Dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber) 146 On-off valve 147 Compressor 148 Double-acting reciprocating engine 149 First fluid intake valve 150 Second fluid intake valve 151 Magnetic piston 152 Seabed disposal and unused minerals (and ballast) 153 First buoyancy gas injection function valve 154 Second buoyancy gas injection function valve 155 First buoyancy gas ejection valve 156 Second buoyancy gas ejection valve 161 Copper magnetic induction water boiler 162 Coaxial cylindrical capacitor 163 Spherical triangular rotary engine 164 Cam-type rotary engine 165 Rotary engine 166 Vane 167 Cone Concave 168 Cone Convex 169 Circular rotor 170 Metallic conductive surface for inducing dielectric breakdown 171 Vaporizing gas nozzle 172 Separated inlet / injection port type coaxial cylindrical electrode

Claims

1. A capacitor is configured with a pair of positive and negative electrodes each composed of a metal and / or a solid dielectric having a flat or curved surface, a fluid dielectric composed of a liquid dielectric containing a liquefied gas or pure water and / or a gaseous dielectric formed by vaporizing the liquid dielectric, and a sealed electrode chamber surrounded by an insulating partition including an atmospheric wall formed by a meniscus force, The device has at least one of the following functions: a liquid thickness adjustment function for controlling the fluid dielectric in the sealed electrode chamber, an insulating partition opening / closing function, a pressurizing function, a pressure application / drive transmission function, a dielectric breakdown induction function, a critical temperature control function, a refrigerant cooling function, a thermoelectric element cooling function, a movable wall support function, and a charge control function. A variable capacitance capacitor incorporating a pressure transfer tool, The thickness of the liquid dielectric is shortened by the liquid thickness adjusting function of the pressure transfer tool of the capacitance variable capacitor, and / or a strong electric field is applied to the liquid dielectric to induce dielectric breakdown, or the thickness of the liquid dielectric is expanded to form a high strength capacitor, When inducing the dielectric breakdown, the electrostatic variable capacitor is charged by the charge control function, and then the positive and negative electrodes are spaced closer to each other and / or a voltage equal to or greater than the dielectric strength is applied between the positive and negative electrodes to cause dielectric breakdown in the liquid dielectric and generate pulse heat; A welding device for joining a pair of metals and / or solid dielectrics sandwiching the liquid dielectric by the pulse heat generated by dielectric breakdown of the liquid dielectric; a gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing electrode chamber comprising the sealed electrode chamber in which the liquid dielectric is vaporized and expanded by the pulsed heat to produce the gaseous dielectric; The gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber, which contains a room temperature pressurized liquefied gas consisting of heteronuclear diatomic molecules whose critical temperature of the liquid dielectric is 273K or higher, is sealed by an insulating partition opening and closing function, and then a voltage higher than the dielectric strength is applied to cause insulation breakdown of the liquid dielectric, generating an instantaneous force produced by an expanding gas instantaneous injection device which converts the generated injection gas into a propulsive force or an explosive force; rocket, explosive, and engine devices using explosive propulsion; An operation of converting the expanding gas of the room temperature pressurized liquefied gas jetted from the gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber into a driving force by the pressure transfer and drive transmission function, and An engine device consisting of a reciprocating engine, a circular rotary engine or a spherical triangular rotary engine, which repeats the operation of re-liquefying the solid dielectric material by the pressurizing function; a buoyancy device for lifting seabed resources, which is provided with an internal pressure / hydrostatic pressure balance adjustment function for adjusting the balance between the internal pressure and hydrostatic pressure of the float, by repeating the volume expansion accompanying the vaporization of the liquid dielectric consisting of the room temperature pressurized liquefied gas or the low temperature pressurized liquefied gas, multiple times, when the liquid dielectric to be injected into the gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber is the liquefied gas and is a low temperature pressurized liquefied gas consisting of homonuclear diatomic molecules having a critical temperature of 273K or less; When the liquid dielectric is pure water, a steam engine device adapted for an expansion gas instantaneous injection device or an engine device repeats an operation of causing dielectric breakdown of the pure water, converting the water vapor vaporized and expanded by the pulse heat into driving force by the pressurizing / driving force transmission function, and an operation of re-liquefying the vaporized and expanded water vapor with a part of the driving force by using the pressurizing function; In the case of a high strength capacitor, a high dielectric strength, high voltage variable power supply device is used which expands the thickness of the liquid dielectric with the pressure transfer tool and then charges the capacitance variable capacitor with a high voltage.

2. The pressure receiver is said liquid thickness adjustment function for controlling the layer thickness of said liquid dielectric; a dielectric breakdown inducing function for inducing dielectric breakdown by making the layer thickness of the liquid dielectric close to zero; an insulating partition opening / closing function for discharging the gas dielectric obtained by vaporizing the liquid dielectric from the insulating partition to the outside of the system; said pressurizing function for liquefying said gaseous dielectric; said refrigerant cooling function for liquefying said gaseous dielectric; a critical temperature control function for suppressing re-liquefaction of the gaseous dielectric generated by the dielectric breakdown due to its own pressure; A charge control function that charges the capacitor to just before dielectric breakdown, applies a higher electric field to cause dielectric breakdown, and cuts off the charging power supply when dielectric breakdown occurs; a function of cooling the thermoelectric element as an auxiliary means for lowering the boiling point of the low-temperature pressurized liquefied gas that has been pressurized and liquefied in the normal-temperature pressurized liquefied gas atmosphere; A pressure-transmitting and drive-transmitting function for converting the expanded vaporized gas into energy when the liquid dielectric is vaporized; and 2. A pressure transfer device as claimed in claim 1, which has at least one of the functions of: a support function for a movable wall that applies pressure to the pressure contact surfaces between the piston head and cylinder end face of a reciprocating engine or the rotor and housing of a rotary engine, which share the pressurizing function and the pressure transfer / drive transmission function.

3. The gas phase transition energy conversion device of claim 1, wherein the positive and negative electrodes are provided with electrodes having any one of the following shapes: parallel plate electrodes or curved electrodes made of metal and / or non-metal, coaxial circular electrodes made of a coaxial cylinder, a coaxial cone, or a coaxial multi-stage cylinder in which the cone of the coaxial cone is replaced with a multi-stage cylinder, a concentric spherical electrode, or a coaxial concave-convex cone electrode consisting of a pair of concave and convex surfaces of a cone.

4. The electrode of the gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber is made of metal, the insulating partition is shielded by a solid material, and the gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber has a structure in which the inlet of the liquid dielectric and the injection port of the vaporized gas are common or the inlet of the liquid dielectric and the injection port of the vaporized gas are separated, and an electrode structure in which the expanding gas fills the liquid dielectric in the gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber in an amount sufficient to reach a desired pressure and instantaneously causes insulation breakdown is as follows: In the case where the inlet for the liquid dielectric and the outlet for the vaporized gas are common, A metal conductive surface of the piston head or rotor is brought close to the positive and negative electrodes at the nozzle of the gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber, and a gas jet that induces partial discharge is generated. Breakdown induction electrode chamber; a gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber, which is provided with an electrode having a structure in which the inter-electrode distance is narrowed at a part of the electrode in the gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber, and which applies a strong electric field to the electrode to cause a partial discharge region; The gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing electrode chamber is provided in any one of the above-mentioned a parallel plate electrode that induces a dielectric breakdown when the injection port of the vaporized gas of the expanding gas approaches the cylinder end face and the piston head and the cylinder end face and the piston head are about to come into contact with each other; a cylindrical electrode provided with the injection port for the expanding gas and a coaxial cylindrical electrode having a central axis of a cylindrical rod; a curved electrode that induces a dielectric breakdown when the vaporized gas of the expanding gas comes close to the rotor surface of the rotary engine and the housing surface and is about to come into contact with each other; a conical electrode having a wide nozzle for injecting the expanding gas and a central axis of which is a cylindrical rod; a conical electrode having a wide opening for the injection port of the expanding gas and a conical electrode having a central axis formed of a conical convex surface; a coaxial multi-stage cylindrical electrode including a multi-stage cylinder having a wide nozzle for the expanding gas and a central axis of a cylindrical rod; The electrode comprises any one of the following: When the outlet of the vaporized gas and the inlet of the liquid dielectric are separated, The liquefied gas is directly injected from the inlet of the liquid dielectric, and then sealed with a cock, and the injection port is blocked with a pressure valve having a reaction force less than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas. After that, the liquid dielectric is charged, and a voltage equal to or greater than the dielectric strength is applied to cause dielectric breakdown of the liquid dielectric. Separated nozzle type coaxial cylindrical electrode; a coaxial cylindrical electrode having an inlet for the liquid dielectric on the housing side where the volume enclosed by the contact surface between the rotor and the housing and the contact surface of the vane of the circular rotary engine approaches zero, and an injection port for the vaporized gas on the housing side, the injection port being shielded by a pressurizing valve having a reaction force less than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas, in order to cause a dielectric breakdown at a portion where the volume enclosed by the contact surface between the rotor and the housing and the contact surface of the vane begins to increase, and an inlet / injection port separated type coaxial cylindrical electrode that causes a partial discharge by bringing the metallic conductive surfaces of the rotor and the vane faces close to the positive and negative electrodes at the inlet for the liquid dielectric after charging the liquid dielectric; The electrode is provided with one of the electrodes, and the peripheral effect occurs due to the propagation of partial discharge, causing insulation breakdown.

4. The gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing electrode chamber according to claim 1 or 3, which induces breakdown.

5. The welding device according to claims 1 and 3, wherein the positive and negative electrodes are the parallel plate or coaxial concave-convex cone electrodes, the positive and negative electrodes are welded surfaces, the liquid dielectric is filled between a pair of welded surfaces made of a non-metal made of ceramic or plastic and / or a metal, and a sealed electrode chamber is provided consisting of an atmospheric wall formed by the meniscus force, and in a state where the electrostatic variable capacitor is charged, the pressure transfer tool shortens the gap between the positive and negative electrodes to the point of short-circuiting, causing a dielectric breakdown, and the pressure is continued until welding is completed even after the dielectric breakdown.

6. 6. The welding device according to claim 5, wherein the liquid dielectric used in the welding device is pure water, oil or alcohol. Welding equipment on board.

7. When using the welding device, At least one pair of metal and / or ceramic, high-temperature-resistant materials are welded between the positive and negative collector electrodes. The liquid dielectric is sandwiched between a pair of workpieces, and the pair of workpieces is considered to be a composite dielectric capacitor, in which a non-metallic material such as a plastic material, wood, paper, rubber, or paint is sandwiched between the pair of workpieces, and the liquid dielectric is sandwiched between the pair of workpieces. In order to weld the pair of workpieces together by dielectric breakdown of the liquid dielectric, The pair of welded materials are solid materials, not limited to metal or nonmetal; a stack of a pair of the solid materials connected in series with the liquid dielectric therebetween; 6. The welding apparatus according to claim 5, for welding:

8. The expanding gas instantaneous ejection device includes at least one of the gas jet breakdown inducing electrode chambers. The room temperature pressurized liquefied gas is sealed in the sealed electrode chamber, and an inlet for the liquefied gas is completely sealed. a rocket engine device in which the gas injection port is covered by a pressure valve having a reaction force less than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas, and the pressure valve opens when the exhaust pressure of the vaporized gas is equal to or greater than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas, and a nozzle is provided at the rear of the pressure valve; A blasting device in which the gas jet nozzle is completely sealed; 5. The instantaneous injection device for expanding gas according to claim 1 or 4, further comprising: applying a voltage equal to or greater than the dielectric strength of said liquid dielectric to cause dielectric breakdown of said liquid dielectric, thereby converting the exhaust pressure of said vaporized gas whose volume has expanded into energy.

9. 9. The device for instantly ejecting expanding gas according to claim 8, wherein the liquid dielectric used in the device for instantly ejecting expanding gas is pure water or the room temperature pressurized liquefied gas.

10. The engine device is a reciprocating engine or rotary engine device that includes the gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber and has the pressure transfer and drive transmission function for converting the vaporized and expanded vaporized gas into power, a reciprocating engine in which one of the parallel plate electrodes is a cylinder end surface of a fixed portion and the other is a piston head, and the piston head is in close proximity to induce dielectric breakdown; At least one of the coaxial cylindrical electrode, the coaxial conical electrode or the coaxial multi-stage cylindrical electrode is provided on either the cylinder end surface of the fixed part or the piston surface of the movable part, and the gas jet insulation A reciprocating engine in which the piston head is brought into close proximity with an end face of a breakdown inducing electrode chamber to induce dielectric breakdown; At least one of the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is provided on a housing surface of the fixed portion, and the movable portion the rotor surface of the rotor is close to the housing surface of the fixed portion, inducing dielectric breakdown; At least one of the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is provided on the rotor surface of the movable portion and is fixed to the housing of the fixed portion. the circular rotary engine in which a rotor surface of the movable part is in close proximity to the rotor surface of the movable part to induce dielectric breakdown; At least one of the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is fixed to the housing surface of the fixed portion and the rotor surface. The spherical triangular rotary engine is provided with a rotor surface of the movable part in close proximity to a surface of the rotor surface that matches the electric ratio, thereby inducing dielectric breakdown; At least one of the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is arranged such that the curvature of the rotor surface of the movable part is equal to the curvature of the housing surface. The spherical triangular rotary engine is provided with a cocoon-shaped housing surface of the fixed part and a rotor surface of the movable part vertically on the same plane, and the cocoon-shaped housing surface of the fixed part and the rotor surface of the movable part are close to each other to induce dielectric breakdown; 5. An engine system according to claims 1, 3 and 4, comprising:

11. The reciprocating engine has first and second gas jets each having at least one gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber at both ends of a cylinder sandwiching the first and second piston faces. a first gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber, The liquefied gas is expanded to compress the first piston surface and is driven out of the system by the connecting rod. Transmitting power and simultaneously compressing the second piston surface to generate the second gas jet insulation 11. A double-acting reciprocating engine comprising the reciprocating engine device according to claim 10, wherein the operation of liquefying the gas in the breakdown inducing electrode chamber is performed in conjunction with the operation of liquefying the gas in the breakdown inducing electrode chamber.

12. The structure of the circular rotary engine is a cam type rotary engine in which the rotor surface and the stator housing surface are both circular and at least one vane is provided on the stator housing side. and a rotor-type rotary engine having two vanes on the rotor side, The gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing electrode chamber is provided on the stator housing surface side. Gas-jet breakdown induction electrode chamber equipped with a coaxial cylindrical electrode with a separate jet nozzle; 11. The circular rotary engine according to claim 4 or 10, wherein, when the gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber is provided on the rotor surface, the liquid dielectric inlet and the vaporized gas ejection port are provided in the same gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber.

13. 11. The engine apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the room temperature pressurized liquefied gas is butane, propane, ammonia, carbon dioxide or pure water.

14. When using the double-acting reciprocating engine or the rotary engine, A generator having a magnet in the pressure supply and drive transmission function; A dielectric heating device having a magnet for the pressure transfer and drive transmission function; A heating and cooling device in which the pressure-giving and drive transmission function is linked to an adiabatic expansion or compression pump for heating and cooling gas; An air jet that links an atmospheric adiabatic expansion or compression pump to the pressure-giving and drive-transmission function; a water jet that links a water expansion or compression pump to the pressure-giving and drive-transmission function; a linear generator in which the piston head in the cylinder of the double-acting reciprocating engine is replaced with the magnet and a coil is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder; A linear generator provided with a magnet in the pressure-transmitting and drive-transmitting function of the double-acting reciprocating engine; 11. The engine system of claim 10, which drives a system comprising:

15. The buoyancy device for lifting seabed resources injects a liquefied gas consisting of the heteronuclear diatomic molecules or the homonuclear diatomic molecules into a gas jet insulation breakdown inducing electrode chamber serving as an electrode for inducing insulation breakdown, and then frequently repeats insulation breakdown to instantly fill a large amount of vaporized gas consisting of the heteronuclear diatomic molecules or the homonuclear diatomic molecules at a pressure equal to or greater than the hydrostatic pressure into the float, and liquefies the vaporized gas after filling while balancing the internal pressure of the float and the hydrostatic pressure in order to suppress the volume expansion of the float during floating, The liquefied gas is a heteronuclear diatomic carbon dioxide, which is a room temperature pressurized liquefied gas; Low-temperature pressurized liquefied gas or room-temperature pressurized liquefied gas consisting of homonuclear diatomic molecules excluding halogens with a critical temperature of 273 K or less; When the boiling point of the homonuclear diatomic molecule is equal to or higher than the boiling point of the neon, the homonuclear diatomic molecule compressed by the pressurizing function is cooled by the room temperature pressurized liquefied gas to obtain a liquefied homonuclear diatomic molecule; When the boiling point of the homonuclear diatomic molecule is equal to or lower than the boiling point of the neon, liquefied hydrogen produced by compressing the mixed gas of the room temperature pressurized liquefied gas and the homonuclear diatomic molecule by the pressurizing function to liquefy the homonuclear diatomic molecule, and further cooling the homonuclear diatomic molecule by the thermoelectric element cooling function to produce liquefied hydrogen with liquefied neon; When the boiling point of the rare gas is equal to or lower than the boiling point of the neon, the mixture of the room temperature pressurized liquefied gas and homonuclear diatomic molecules is compressed by the pressurizing function to liquefy the homonuclear diatomic molecules, which are then cooled by the thermoelectric element cooling function to produce liquefied helium, which is then compressed with liquefied neon; Injecting a vaporized gas obtained by vaporizing and expanding at least one of the liquefied gases consisting of 3. A buoyancy device for lifting seabed resources as claimed in claims 1 and 2, comprising an internal pressure / hydrostatic pressure balance adjustment function for adjusting the balance between the internal pressure of the float and the hydrostatic pressure when descending to the seabed and when surfacing.

16. When using the buoyancy device for lifting offshore resources, As the swim bladder rises from the deep sea floor, the buoyancy increases by 0.1 / m and the volume of the swim bladder also expands by 0.1 / m. Therefore, in order to reduce only the internal pressure while keeping the volume of the swim bladder fixed, a part of the heteronuclear diatomic molecule or the homonuclear diatomic molecule is liquefied with at least one type of supercritical fluid to cause the swim bladder to float. The buoyancy device for lifting seabed resources according to claim 15, further comprising a function for recovering the heteronuclear diatomic molecules or the homonuclear diatomic molecules by controlling the internal pressure of the bag to be reduced.

17. When producing a large amount of high-pressure buoyancy gas in a short time in the deep sea using the double-acting reciprocating engine, Inside the cylinder, on either side of the piston, are the first and second gas compression and expansion chambers; Both surfaces of the piston are first and second piston surfaces and also metal electrodes for inducing dielectric breakdown; First and second buoyancy gas injection valves; First and second buoyancy gas ejection valves; at least one of said gas jet breakdown inducing electrode chambers comprises first and second metallic coaxial cylindrical electrodes; First and second coaxial cylindrical metal electrodes are provided for cooling the first and second buoyant gases therein. and a second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant vessel; Each of them has A high-pressure buoyant gas is discharged by inducing a dielectric breakdown in one of the first and second metal coaxial cylindrical electrodes. A buoyancy device for lifting seabed resources as described in claim 15, in which a buoyancy gas is produced in a short period of time, and on the other hand the buoyancy gas injected from the buoyancy gas injection function valve is compressed and liquefied, and the buoyancy gas is pressurized into the float via the buoyancy gas ejection function valve, and this operation is repeated alternately in the first and second metal coaxial cylindrical electrode groups and the first and second gas compression / expansion chambers, thereby producing high-pressure buoyancy gas in a short period of time.

18. The positive and negative electrodes of the sealed electrode chamber of the high dielectric strength high voltage variable power supply device are metal electrodes consisting of the parallel plates or coaxial cones, the liquid dielectric is filled between the positive and negative electrodes, and the electrostatic capacitance variable capacitor with the electrode gap widened by the pressure transfer tool is charged with high voltage as described in claim 1. High voltage withstand high voltage variable power supply.

19. 20. The high-voltage variable power supply device according to claim 18, wherein the liquid dielectric is pure water, alcohols, or aromatic compounds.

20. When using the high dielectric strength high voltage variable power supply device, When the thickness of the liquid dielectric is increased to the desired withstand voltage, A high-dielectric-strength, high-voltage variable power supply device comprising the capacitance variable capacitor according to claims 1 and 18, characterized in that when the liquid dielectric is viscous, the meniscus force is used and the insulating partition is not used, and when the liquid dielectric is pure water, a side wall that can freely expand and contract is provided at the boundary between the insulating fluid and the thin liquid dielectric layer, and in order to form a sealed container that prevents the insulating fluid from penetrating between the pair of solid surfaces and confines the thin liquid dielectric layer, a water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane having water- and oil-repellent properties is provided as the side wall of the isolation membrane / sealed container.

21. A high-voltage withstand voltage high-voltage variable power supply device comprising a capacitance variable capacitor as described in claim 18, characterized in that the capacitance variable capacitor is charged at a voltage lower than the withstand voltage, and the output voltage is increased to compensate for the voltage drop caused by continued discharge by increasing the thickness of the thin liquid dielectric layer with the negative pressure of the external pressure application tool to reduce the capacitance.