DIRECT APPLICATION ULTRASONIC EXTRACTOR

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-frequency ultrasonic-assisted extractor design suitable for use in all areas where solid-liquid extraction is employed, for the extraction of biomolecules and minerals found in plant, animal, and synthetic samples, particularly in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.

Description

1 TARIFF DIRECT APPLICATION ULTRASONIC EXTRACTOR TECHNICAL FIELD The invention is intended for use in all areas where solid-liquid extraction is employed. designed, high-frequency ultrasonic-assisted, for plant, animal and synthetic samples. the use of the biomolecules and minerals found in the extraction process, especially It is related to an extractor structure suitable for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE 10 Extraction is carried out at specific temperatures and pressures using selective solvents. In the purification of active substances found in animal, plant, or synthetic samples, It is a process used to separate other unwanted substances. Bioactive species (Biomolecules and minerals) have nutraceutical potential. Because of these properties... Therefore, it has always attracted interest and these components are sourced from various natural resources. Studies aimed at improving the techniques used in extraction. is increasing. Amino acids, phytochemicals, isoflavones, organic acids, polysaccharides, Extraction of functional compounds such as vitamins, sterols, etc., from their bioactive properties. Therefore, it is important. Functional compounds exhibiting bioactive properties have cardiovascular benefits. antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antitumor, antiinfection 20 It is known that bioactive components are derived from plant materials and have effects such as these. Extraction is part of the technology classified as phytopharmaceutical technology. And it can also be used in the food industry. High levels are required for the effective extraction of molecules containing certain functional groups. Temperature and pressure may be required. Apart from that, a solid substance needs 25 obtaining one or part of its components using a suitable solvent Solid-liquid extraction efficiency, based on this principle, depends on solvent type, pH, and solid-liquid ratios. It is affected by factors such as particle size and time. Classical techniques are lengthy. extraction time, excessive solvent usage, low extraction selectivity, and It has disadvantages such as high cost. An ideal extraction method is simple, inexpensive, 30 In addition to being suitable for fast and green chemistry, it also allows for the high-yield production of the desired component. It should ensure that effective extraction is achieved in all extraction technologies. Time is required. High temperature, pressure and extraction time are particularly important for bioactive materials. 2 Ultrasound can cause degradation in the structure of molecules exhibiting these properties. There are studies suggesting that using this energy reduces these problems. Classical techniques involve long extraction times and the use of large amounts of solvent. It has disadvantages such as low extraction selectivity and high cost. An ideal The extraction method is simple, inexpensive, fast, and environmentally friendly, and also yields 5 of the desired components. It should ensure high yield. Effective in all extraction technologies. A specific amount of time is required for extraction. The required time makes the extraction more practical. You can shorten it in a few different ways to do it: - To increase the mobility of molecules and thus the extraction efficiency. direct heating to increase, 10 - Microwave heating differs from direct heating because the sample material It starts from within, - High-speed mixing of the sample material provides very effective mixing. It disperses the stagnant solvent layer around it, otherwise the extraction will not work. blocked, 15 - The use of an electrical discharge that can also disrupt the dormant layer (however, this (a rarely used pulsed technique) - Supporting extraction through different methods than all of the above. The use of ultrasonic energy. In addition to those listed above, high temperature and pressure are used in extraction. This significantly affects its yield and duration. This situation sometimes affects the biomolecule. This can lead to degradation. An additional amount of bioactive species obtained during extraction is required. Extraction without the need for purification, and without loss or degradation. Therefore, efficient recovery of biomolecules is necessary to prevent degradation. pressurized liquid extraction in small-scale laboratory studies to pass (PFE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), microwave-assisted liquid extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) extraction, ultrasonically assisted. Green and advanced extraction techniques such as extraction (UAE) have been used. When the studies are examined, 30 advanced technologies that use ultrasonic sound waves are identified. Extraction techniques show that the extraction time is shorter. In addition, ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques in plant samples 3 in addition to bioactive compounds, minerals, aromatic substances and pigments It is also commonly used in extraction. Ultrasonic-Assisted Extractions The first reported extraction procedure using ultrasound was performed as early as 1950. It extends. Used in beer making with ultrasonic-assisted extraction process. Preserving the quality of the beer by reducing the amount of hops by 40%. This has been achieved. The patent related to the study concerns the effect of malt on beer taste at different sonication times. It remains normal after 1 / 2 or 1 hour of sonication, or after 2 hours of sonication. He later reported that it remained sweeter. During the same period, 10 hexane was used as a solvent. Some preliminary studies have been reported regarding its use in peanut oil extraction. When ultrasound is used, extraction is 2.76 times more effective and takes approximately 6 minutes. It has been stated that it was completed in a very short time. Apart from these studies, 20 audible Using sound waves below kHz, the alkaloids found in cinchona bark can be recovered. There are studies regarding its benefits. These articles mention high frequency as well as 15 The use of audible sound in sequence draws attention to the important effect of cavitation. It has been suggested that there are bubbles. At that time, ultrasonic equipment was not readily available, and many scientists... to produce piezoelectric material such as quartz or ultrasonic vibrations It has been stated that they use magnetostrictive transducers. Ultrasound in chemistry and chemistry 20 The real expansion of its use in related fields occurred in the early 1980s. During these years, ultrasonic cleaning baths and piezoceramic transducer systems cell breakdown and plastic welding equipment, along with their commercial sale. There has been an increase in ultrasonic devices since their development. Many were made in the 1990s. 25 after conferences and symposiums, outside the topics covered by sonochemistry. extending beyond its original scope, ultrasound has an impact on many other areas. It has begun to expand in the correct direction. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, therapeutic ultrasound, It also includes research areas such as food processing, environmental protection, and sonoluminescence. This has happened. Regarding ultrasonic-assisted extraction applied to natural products. Studies have rapidly increased. 30 In ultrasonically assisted extraction, the driving force is expressed as cavitation force. The first mention of this was made in 1895. In this and other subsequent studies... This is a type of cavitation produced by propellers moving in water, i.e., hydrodynamic cavitation. It appears to be related to cavitation. Then with powerful ultrasound. 4 It has been determined that another type of cavitation can be created. This occurs when a liquid passes through... When the negative pressure caused by the ultrasonic wave is sufficiently large, the liquid... the distance between molecules, the minimum molecular distance required to hold the liquid The distance is exceeded, then the fluid is braked and gaps are created. These gaps These are called cavitation bubbles. As the liquid is compressed and stretched, cavitation bubbles form. 5 It behaves in two ways. The first is called stable cavitation and is low. These are bubbles formed at ultrasonic intensities. A series of acoustic loops occur. The amount oscillates around the equilibrium size. The second type is called transient cavitation. Bubbles are created using sound intensities. These temporary bubbles are formed in a few days. It expands along the acoustic loop and then severely compresses due to 10. They collapse. The collapse of temporary bubbles is due to the chemical and mechanical effects of ultrasonic energy. It is considered the main source of its effects. Each collapsing bubble contains several thousand instantaneous temperature drops and pressures exceeding one thousand atmospheres It is thought to be a microreactor that it creates. In the field of analytical chemistry, most effects related to ultrasonography are associated with cavitation. It is related to cavitation, hydroxyl radicals, and highly reactive hydrogen peroxide. It causes thermolysis with the formation of radicals and reactants, and in a liquid environment. In short, ultrasound generates a series of signals that contain highly dissolved reagents. It spreads and induces compression and stretching in the molecules of the medium it passes through. Their movements can overcome the attractive forces of liquid molecules, and cavitation bubbles 20 These bubbles are formed through a process known as regulated diffusion. It is growing. Small amounts of vapor or gas from the environment during the stretching phase. It enters the bubble during this process and is not completely expelled during compression. These bubbles, collapsing in successive compression cycles, generate energy. Bubbles formed in a homogeneous liquid are symmetrical, and their precipitation within the liquid is 25. It is believed that this pattern is symmetrical and leads to localized hotspots. Years ago According to a study, when cavitation bubbles collapse near a solid... It was observed that the situation was different on the surface. The bubble was near the surface. It deformed into a ring shape when it collapsed, and the collapse was asymmetrical. It has been determined that during sonication of plant samples in the solvent, the suspended solids are 30. The substances promote asymmetric bubble collapse, which affects plant particles. By creating precise solvent jets, it increases the yield of plant extraction. Asymmetric Bubble collapse is a key parameter of ultrasonically assisted extraction. The applied acoustic power must be large enough to exceed the cavitation threshold. It has been stated that the resulting microjets strike the wall, displacing particles from the surface. It has been explained that it can either remove or cause damage. This feature makes ultrasound effective in surface cleaning. Microjets cause peeling, erosion, cell wall destruction, and removal of cell contents on the surface. This causes leakage, thus releasing 5 natural compounds from various sources. It enables extraction. Mechanical activity in ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The process of breaking down plant cells is more effective using ultrasonic waves. Degradation occurs by forming micron-level voids in the wall of the particle A reduction in particle size occurs. The reduction in particle size facilitates mass transfer. It accelerates the extraction process, thereby increasing extraction rates. Ultrasound-assisted 10 Extraction shortens processing time while yielding a product of higher purity. This is being done to reduce energy consumption and is environmentally friendly with less solvent use. It appears as a technology. Possible Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Mechanism 15 Solvents used for the extraction of useful components from the main sample The choice largely depends on the intended use of the extracts. Extracts are for human or... If intended for animal consumption, then only food-grade solvents should be used. It is suitable. In other cases, various solvents can be used. As the main sample. If biomass is preferred, the biomass structure is important for effective extraction. 20 Plant samples for possible extraction mechanisms in ethanol / water medium. It has been examined and attempts have been made to explain it. According to the explained mechanism, dried After the plant samples come into contact with the extraction liquid, a solvent is placed around them. A layer is formed. The solvent tries to penetrate the particles, and especially If the sample is dry, it is indicated that the sample has been wetted. Initially, this step is slow. 25 It has been reported that this and the wetting process takes time to complete. At the end of the step, the plant particles swell and increase in size. The swelling process... It is an important part of phytopharmaceutical technology. Swelling Index of the Material It is measured as the Swelling Index (SI). The swelling index of 1 g of plant sample, under specific conditions Using water and ethanol as solvents, the volume of solvent obtained is given in mL. 1 g = 30 Calculate by shaking the plant sample for one minute every 10 minutes for one hour. This has been done. In some studies, the duration has been extended to 3 hours. The volume is then measured. Ultrasonic irradiation replaces manual shaking. 6 If used, the ultrasonic swelling index is obtained. The swelling index is essentially... It is a parameter that measures the affinity of the plant to the solvent. According to the possible mechanism, the solvent used contains substances found inside the plant. Soluble compounds move towards the solution. The driving force behind this movement is the plant. It depends on the concentration of compounds inside and outside the particle. In the plant and 5 In classical extraction, reaching the equilibrium concentration of compounds in the solvent It takes longer. The shape of the plant particles, which is initially irregular, It becomes rounder and smoother during the inflation process. Potential UDE mechanism. To explain this, at the end of the swelling process, the shape of the plant particles becomes spherical. It is assumed that when the particle is surrounded by a solvent layer, 10 A layer is formed that can be described as a "stationary or static layer". In this situation, several processes occur: a) Diffusion of plant components towards the outer dormant layer (Type I), b) Diffusion of plant components directly into the solvent (Type II), c) Diffusion from the stationary layer towards the solvent (Type III), 15 d) Rinsing or washing the contents of the fractured cells. According to the possible ultrasonic-assisted extraction mechanism, ultrasonic waves When used, these four stages in the plant extraction process are accelerated. Plant The particles cause the bubble collapse to be asymmetrical, and the solvent microjets It produces microjets that collide with suspended particles at high speed, disrupting the surrounding stagnant 20 It disperses the layer and creates an efficient mixture. However, it also adheres to the surface and Fresh solvent is introduced around the particles, thus achieving extraction equilibrium. By accelerating its speed, it increases Type I diffusion. This solvent movement also enhances internal diffusion. a stagnant layer barrier that allows plant components to reach the bulk solvent By continuously eliminating it, it accelerates the Type II diffusion process. This includes 25 In contrast, the layer of stagnant material is continuously removed (Type III diffusion). It almost completely eliminates them. Finally, rinsing away the broken cells, by microjets resulting solely from asymmetric bubble collapse not only is it increased, but additional cells are directly exposed to the solvent. It also breaks down plant particles. 30 Sonication of the extraction mixture causes acoustic cavitation. It is a dynamic process and only occurs when the ultrasound power is on. Collapsing bubbles. They are produced in very large numbers, which means that any stagnant layer is constantly... 7 This makes the change extremely rapid. Asymmetrically collapsing bubbles, plant It acts like a series of tiny hammer jets colliding with the particles. As a result of these processes, a mass of material is transferred from the plant sample to the solvent mixture. This significantly increases the transfer rate and improves the extraction efficiency. UDE, In addition to improved diffusion and more thorough rinsing of cells, plant extraction 5 It also provides other benefits to the processes; for example, by increasing fragmentation, it increases the surface area. This allows for expansion. Thus, with a larger surface area, a greater cell content can be achieved using the solvent. It is exposed to the mixture and better mass transfer is achieved, thereby allowing the solvent to It can extract more target material. Asymmetrical cavitation bubbles. The micro-jet pulses generated during the collapse push the solvent towards the particles 10 By directing them, it increases the swelling index of the particles. Microjets according to the mechanism. By acting like a micropump, it pushes the solvent into the plant cells. It can also contribute to the widening of their pores, where the necessary compounds dissolve. and is transferred back into the solvent mixture. Types of Ultrasonic Devices A review of the literature reveals that ultrasonic imaging of biomolecules is a promising application. Ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic reactor with stirrer in assisted extraction process, ultrasonic probes and devices that provide continuous sonication using ultrasonic probes It is seen to be used. 20 Ultrasonic baths (ultrasonic cleaning baths) laboratory ultrasonic These are among the most popular and widespread devices. Alternatives in ultrasonic baths. It is converted into mechanical vibrations by a current converter. The bathroom walls are stainless. It is made of steel. The samples are placed inside the bath and the sample is placed on top of it. The applied power is at most 1-5 W / cm². In these configurations, the converters are 25 It is not in direct contact with the sample. There is significant acoustic disturbance in and around the container. Energy losses can occur. Typical of an ultrasonic cleaning bath. The models are small in size (2 L or less). 1-2 ultrasonic transducers, It includes a timer switch and a heater. Ultrasonic baths may contain one or more transducers. Ultrasonic 30 It is important to determine where the converters are placed. Single converters It is usually placed at the bottom of the tank, where cavitation bubbles are most concentrated. Because they are located on the transducers, the precise location can be visually determined. This is possible. The use of single-transducer ultrasonic baths involves the extraction vessel. 8 for a repeatable experimental study, i.e., in the center of the bath and at a specific point It is much easier to position at different depths. The acoustic space has multiple It is more uniform compared to baths with converters. Solid plant extracts. When the ratio of material to solvent is 1:5 or 1:10, the particles inside the bottle 5 to a mechanical mixer to ensure exposure to ultrasonic cavitation It may be necessary to ensure the extraction vessel achieves maximum cavitation. Positioning is crucial for optimal experimental work. A simple test report to identify the most active region in a study. This test was conducted using aluminum foil, identifying the areas with the highest concentration of holes in the foil. It must be determined. To ensure good cavitation inside, the extraction vessel must be 10 cm wide. The appropriate location and depth for placing the tank are the areas where these holes are concentrated. It has been stated that this will show. Incorrect positioning or deviation from this position, This could cause the ultrasonic field to enter the blood vessel less efficiently, and Therefore, a template is used to position the vein in the same place each time. It is recommended. With this system, 15 in the parts of the tank where cavitation is not present. To prevent the accumulation of biomass, the mixture must be stirred at all times. Mixing is also important because biomass can float or sink in the solvent, and this Therefore, without mixing, a portion of the material is ultrasonically activated within the bath. It will tend to avoid certain areas. Probe continuous sonication extraction. or by preventing the accumulation of the main mass with stirred ultrasonic extraction 20 Studies have been conducted. Cavitation occurs through the use of ultrasound. Per volume Energy affects the ultrasonic liquid processing time. High power is used in ultrasonic applications. Ultrasonic probes generally offer better extraction efficiency and shorter lifespan compared to bath-based systems. It is preferred due to its extraction time. Several types of probes are available. 25 When selecting a probe for extraction, the temperature sensitivity of the analyte and the solvents should be considered. Flammability must be considered. High temperatures capable of raising ambient temperatures to 50–85 °C. High-density ultrasonic probes detect the target compound based on its temperature sensitivity. This can lead to degradation. In stirred ultrasonic reactors, the tip is directly... An ultrasonic wave-producing mixer is immersed in the liquid. Up to 30 atmospheres. An amplified acoustic amplitude can be obtained. However, this acoustic amplitude is due to the emitted ultrasonic waves. Because the wave is approximately a spherical wave, it disappears quickly. In probe-assisted ultrasonic extraction, direct power is applied to the solvent. It is applicable. It is small in size because it enables high power handling. 9 It provides the opportunity to apply it to samples, especially in the extraction of plant materials. An ultrasonic probe (horn) system can be used. Today, UDE is used in pharmaceutical / nutraceutical and food industrial applications. Its advantages are known. In 1998, it was estimated within the scope of the COPERNICUS project. first industrial-scale 5 to carry out natural product extraction in a batch process The ultrasonic reactor has been designed, constructed, and put into use. Apart from these, there are specially designed experimental units found in the literature. It is available. Since 1998, other extractions have been performed using similar devices. The proposed setups include an ultrasonic probe and a stirrer, in a 2 L system. It is placed in a U-shaped extraction vessel with a working volume of 10 The entire mixture is driven toward the ultrasonic probe. Researchers use "ultrasonic circulation" They used the term "extraction," but this is actually a normal mixing process. It is a reactor. When ultrasound is applied to the extraction mixture, it becomes smaller. It has a geometry that allows it to be subjected to sonication in a volume. This, where the ultrasound is more concentrated and therefore reaches a larger volume 15 They stated that this means it has a greater effect when applied. Different types are commercially available, especially for laboratory use. There are a number of ultrasonic devices in various configurations. Commercially available and Two types of ultrasonic devices stand out for their use in extraction processes. The first type is ultrasonic baths, and the second is devices with ultrasonic probes. Ultrasonic 20 The placement of the converter in the extraction process improves the extraction efficiency. It plays an important role in determining extraction efficiency, process. It is important in terms of concentration and energy losses. The technical problems identified in the previous technique are listed below. In ultrasonic baths, mechanical vibrations are converted to 25% alternating current using an alternating current converter. It is transformed. The samples are placed in a sample container inside a bath made of stainless steel. They are placed together. This reduces the force applied to the sample. Increasing the force There are also systems that include multiple converters. In these arrangements... The transducers are not in direct contact with the sample. They are in and around the container. Significant acoustic energy losses can occur. In one study, 30 samples were taken. It has been stated that the applied power is at most 1-5 W / cm². This applies to ultrasonic waves. This makes it difficult to apply the baths to industrial scales for extraction. When the reaction vessel is large in scale, it contains high amounts of substances. For example, extraction is possible because the ultrasonic effect does not involve direct contact. It reduces the extraction effect. In ultrasonic reactors with stirrers, ultrasonic waves are directly emitted at the tip. A mixer that produces the extraction is, for example, immersed in the liquid in which it is located. The extraction time Mixing is applied to shorten the process. As previously mentioned, solid-liquid 5 In extraction, the swelling time of bioparticles is particularly important, affecting the extraction time. It affects the extraction efficiency of the stationary phase formed around the solid particles. effects. To eliminate such problems, stirred ultrasonic reactors are used. It has been used in an ultrasonic reactor with a stirrer, where ultrasonic waves are directly applied to the tip. Acoustic sensors that can rise up to 10 atmospheres by being immersed in a mixing fluid that produces acoustic 10s. Amplitudes are obtained. However, these acoustic amplitudes disappear quickly. This has been stated in the studies. In probe-assisted ultrasonic extraction, power is directly introduced into the solvent. It is applicable. The converters interact with the sample in the presence of a suitable solvent. When in direct contact, extraction efficiency increases while acoustic energy is 15. Losses are also minimized. Regular cylinder, exponential, conical, linear conical or cone and There are various probe shape types, including stepped. The volume and type of sample, There are two critical factors that determine probe selection. High-power ultrasonic probes are generally preferred. It is preferred due to its extraction efficiency and yield in a short extraction time. can increase. When selecting a high-density probe for extraction, the target compound should be 20 Temperature sensitivity and the flammability of solvents must be considered. The ambient temperature... High-intensity ultrasonic probes capable of reaching temperatures of 50–85°C provide high temperature sensitivity. Depending on the system, it can lead to degradation of the target compound. Probe systems use high power. Because it enables its use, it allows application to small-scale samples. It provides this. In this respect, it is advantageous, but in small volumes, it yields a high 25 in a very short time. Because it can reach high temperatures, there is a possibility of disrupting the structure of the analyte. In one study, the antioxidant capacities of various samples were examined using various ultrasonic treatments. The research was conducted using the same power and frequency as the techniques, and the experiment was performed with an ultrasonic bath. its results were not very different from others, and in some cases it yielded better results. It has been stated that extraction depends on the matrix and many internal and external parameters. 30 In sonochemical processes, cavitation occurs through the use of ultrasound. Volume The energy per unit affects the ultrasonic liquid processing time. Possible extraction. minimizing potential problems by considering the mechanism There are custom-designed ultrasonic extraction devices available. Solid-liquid. 11 to disperse the stationary phase that may form around solid particles during extraction Applications include stirred and continuous flow ultrasound treatments. THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION In systems with ultrasonic baths, as we mentioned in the previous technical section, 5 A sample container is located between the sample and the mechanical vibration. This also affects the sample. This reduces the applied power because there is significant acoustic energy in and around the container. Losses may occur. Ultrasonic baths are more practical in terms of use. But with our invention... More effective extraction is achieved. Our invention is the subject of a direct application of 10... In an ultrasonic extractor, the ultrasonic power is in direct contact with the sample. Thus... The force applied to the sample is greater. In this respect, probe systems... They are similar. However, in probe systems, the appropriate head is important. Because some High temperatures should be avoided during the extraction of functional compounds. High temperatures can disrupt the structure of bioactive species. Temperature control in probe systems is 15. This is prevented by using an extra system to cool the sample container. Requires application. In probe systems, the frequency range is 20–40 kHz. The system used in our invention... The piezocapsule frequency is 2.1 MHz. The converter will be placed directly under the sample container, in direct contact with the sample. 20 They are positioned in this way. This ensures that the container walls and surrounding area are protected in ultrasonic baths. Significant energy losses have been prevented. High-frequency ultrasonic waves are applied continuously to the solvent medium. It pushes and prevents the formation of a stagnant phase. Possible ultrasonic extraction. Considering the mechanism, the particles swollen with solvent, 25 The applied wave breaks the particles down into even smaller pieces. This... It accelerates mass transfer. Ethanol is also a frequently used extraction solvent. No sudden temperature increases were observed in applications using this solution. Our invention allows us to produce solvents without the need for high temperatures and pressures. An effective 30 MHz ultrasonic wave in a short time without interference. Extraction is achieved. The frequency of ultrasonic devices used for the same purpose. The intensity is in the kHz range. Our device is in the MHz range. With this feature, high... It does not require high temperature or pressure. Its structure is resistant to high temperature and pressure. 12 Degradable bioactive species can be processed with high efficiency using a practical, fast, and environmentally friendly technique. Extraction is taking place. Our invention is used for extraction in the current state of the art. It differs from ultrasonic devices in its design, application, and frequency range used. In the applications we conducted, the sample volume was 5 milliliters. When tested, the solvent temperature changed by a few degrees and reached very high temperatures. It has been observed that it has not risen that high. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Schematic representation of a direct-application ultrasonic extractor. 10 The corresponding numbers in the figures are: 1. Water jacket 2. Sample container 3. Piezo capsule 15 4. Temperature sensor 5. Liquid level sensor 6. Temperature controller 7. Ultrasonic resonator 8. Cover 20 9. Tripod body 10. Liquid level sensor socket and liquid level connector 11. Grounding socket for sinusoidal voltage applied to the piezo capsule. 12. Power setting 13. Soil 25 14. Ultrasonic resonator power switch 15. Mini pump 16. Digital temperature display 17. Extraction medium 18. Ground solid sample 30 19. Dense steam 20. Ultrasonic waves 21. Water bath 13 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention concerns a direct-applied high-frequency ultrasonic extractor; water jacket. (1), sample container (2), piezo capsule (3), temperature sensor (4), liquid level sensor (5), temperature control (6), ultrasonic resonator (7), cover (8), tripod body (9), liquid Level sensor socket and liquid level connection (10), applied to the piezo capsule 5 sinusoidal voltage grounding socket (11), power adjustment (12), ground (13), ultrasonic resonator on / off switch (14), mini pump (15), digital temperature display (16), extraction medium (17) and water bath (21) consist of parts and components. It is coming. The invention involves direct contact between biomass and ultrasonic waves in a 10-fold manner. It has been designed. The ultrasonic waves used are 2.1 MHz for the piezo capsule. For this reason, it is at this level. The ultrasonic resonator (7) is connected to the sample container (2). Ultrasonic resonator (7) directs its energy directly to finely ground solid sample (18) and It vigorously transfers the solvent into the sample container (2) where it is homogeneous. Sample Since the container (2) is a closed system, it has a continuous misting-condensation cycle of 15 It improves extraction performance. The use of high frequency creates a misty effect. By reducing the droplet diameters to 1-2 microns, the solid particles are eliminated. The stationary phase that may form around it is dispersed. Ultrasonic waves (20) by colliding with particles and reducing their particle size, thus creating a contact surface. This increases the efficiency of solid-liquid extraction. 20 It facilitates mass transfer. In the device described in the invention, the bottom of a PET (Polyethylene) preform with a lid The preform was cut neatly and a 2.1 MHz piezo capsule (3) was placed in the neck. It is attached to the sports part with a ring of suitable diameter. This provides the piezo connection. The shielded cable is connected to the driver device via a BNC connector. The driver device is a 25 From an oscillator to an amplifier or booster with MOSFET output It consists of. The temperature of the extraction liquid or solution in the sample container (2), a closed-loop water jacket (1) via a programmable temperature controller (6) It can be adjusted with the help of a thermoelectric cooler (Peltier element). This allowed for the investigation of extraction efficiency at different temperatures. is provided. 14 The sample container (2) is a 0.5 liter PET water bottle, and the water jacket (1) is a 5 liter PET water bottle. It is formed from the uninflated (preform) state. These have a greater wall thickness. Mechanical operations can be easily performed on it. Water jacket (1): Provides heating of the extraction medium. Extraction 5 in order to maintain a constant temperature in the cell or to perform scanning It is used. The water jacket (1) is fitted externally. Sample container (2): This is the sample container in which the extraction is performed. The sample shown in Figure 1. The sample container (2) is designed as a reactor with a capacity of 20–100 mL. An unblown PET (preform) bottle was used. Temperature sensor (4) and liquid level 10 The sensor (5) has been added to the hull for automation. Piezo capsule (3): It is the capsule that provides ultrasonic vibrations. High frequency in situ The use of ultrasonic extraction (in-situ) is made possible for the first time with this invention. Temperature sensor (4): Used for temperature control. Liquid level sensor (5): Used to determine the liquid level. 15 Temperature control (6): Used to provide programmable temperature control. Ultrasonic resonator (7): It is a component in which ultrasonic waves are produced and transmitted. The generation and propagation of ultrasonic waves, transducers such as piezoelectric materials. This is achieved by creating mechanical vibrations with the help of... Cover (8): A sample cover is used for effective extraction. The resulting 20 the vapor can remain in the environment and there is no loss of solution volume during fogging It has been used for this purpose. The tripod body (9): It is used to prevent damage to the piezo capsule (3). It is specially designed for our reactor. The tripod body (9), piezo capsule (3) Connection sockets for the liquid level sensor (5) are provided with its connections. 25 Liquid level sensor socket and liquid level connector (10): Liquid level It is used for linking in the determination. The grounding socket of the sinusoidal voltage applied to the piezo capsule (11): It provides a grounding connection. Power setting (12): To increase or decrease the number of vibrations in stages 30 It is used. Soil (13): It is used for grounding. Ultrasonic resonator power switch (14): To switch on the ultrasonic resonator (7) It is used. Mini pump (15): pumps the water in the water jacket (1) using a Peltier element or thermoelectric It pumps into a water bath (21) containing coolant in a closed loop. Digital temperature display (16): Displays digital temperature values. Extraction medium (17): It is the medium in which the extraction process takes place. Water bath (21): It is a thermoelectric water bath with a programmable Peltier element. 5 The working principle of the system described in the invention involves a homogenized sample. (17) extraction solution by adding to the extraction cell or sample container (2). is added. Then the lid (8) is closed. Extraction medium (17) a water jacket (1) example 10 for the purpose of keeping the temperature constant or for scanning It is placed outside of the container (2). A mini pump (15) pumps the water in this jacket (1) a water bath (21) containing a Peltier element or thermoelectric cooler It pumps the extraction solution mixture, water jacket (1) and water In order to keep the bath (21) at the desired temperature or to scan, a temperature sensor (4) and programmable temperature controller (6) together 15 is used. The temperature of the extraction medium (17) is the numerical temperature. It is seen from the indicator (16). The piezo capsule (3) is under the sample container (2). It is placed in direct contact with the extraction medium (17). Extraction A liquid level sensor (5) was used to determine the solution level. The connection is to the liquid level sensor socket and liquid level 20 located in the ultrasonic resonator (7). The connection is made via (10). Ultrasonic resonator (7), power switch (14) When opened, ultrasonic waves (20) are emitted into the extraction medium (17). With the use of high frequency, the diameter of the misting droplets can be reduced to 1-2 microns. This ensures that the static phase that can form around the solid particles is lowered. is distributed. After closing the lid (8) on the extractor, high frequency 25 With the application, dense vapor (19) (fogging) is produced. This is extraction This further enhances its effect. The vibration amplitude is increased by power setting (12) This can be reduced. 1.5 mm is placed under the extractor for ease of use. Three-legged body (9) of thickness is installed. The panel of the three-legged body (9) sinusoidal voltage applied to the piezo capsule in the grounding socket (11), liquid 30 level sensor socket and liquid level connection (10), applied to the piezo capsule There are grounding input (13) sockets for sinusoidal voltage.

Claims

16 REQUESTS 1. It is a direct application ultrasonic extractor, the feature of which is; the sample container (2) externally placed water jacket (1), closed system sample container (2), sample 5 under the bottom of the container (2) in direct contact with the extraction medium (17) 2.1 MHz piezo capsule (3), temperature sensor (4), liquid level sensor (5), extraction liquid or solution in sample container (2) Temperature controller (6) which enables the adjustment of the temperature of the sample container (2) bound and its energy directly to the finely ground solid sample (18) and the solvent Ultrasonic resonator (7) transferring the homogeneous sample into the sample container (2), 10 cover (8), tripod body (9), liquid level sensor socket and liquid level connection (10), grounding of the sinusoidal voltage applied to the piezo capsule. socket (11), power setting (12), ground (13), ultrasonic resonator on / off switch (14), water in the water jacket (1) Peltier element or thermoelectric cooler a mini pump (15) pumping into a water bath (21) in a closed loop, 15 Numerical temperature indicating the temperature of the extraction medium (17) indicator (16), extraction medium (17) and thermoelectric water with Peltier element The bathroom is characterized by containing (21) sections and parts. 25

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