Percussion musical instrument and vibrating tongue element

Abstract

The invention relates to percussion instruments in which sound is produced by striking a resonating means. The technical result of the proposed invention, with respect both to an instrument as a whole and to an individual tongue, is that of making it possible to produce a complete chord using one tongue element (each complete chord has its own tongue element). This is achieved in that a percussion musical instrument designed to be capable of producing different frequencies has, in contrast to the prior art, at least one vibrating tongue element with slots that are designed to be capable of producing different frequencies which form a chord. Various embodiments of tongue elements are proposed for solving the technical problem of producing chords.

Description

[0001] PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENT AND VIBRATING LANGUAGE ELEMENT

[0002] The invention relates to devices - percussion instruments, in which sound is produced by striking a resonator.

[0003] The closest technical solution adopted as a prototype is a percussion musical instrument described in Russian patent No. 2570051, made in the form of a closed body, at least one of the surfaces of which is working, made of metal and made convex outward, vibrating tongue elements are cut out on the working surface, made in the form of console plates, the body is equipped with a resonating deck located under the working surface and connected along the perimeter with the walls of the instrument body, while the plates of the vibrating tongue elements have three main parts - a root, made to the body in a console manner, and two side parts having an elongated shape and connected each by one of their long sides to the root part at some distance from the place of connection of the root part with the body.

[0004] The general essential features of the prototype - the instrument, coinciding with the essential features of the proposed technical solution are the following - a percussion musical instrument, made in the form of a closed body, consisting of two parts, at least one of which is working, made of metal and made convex outward, on which vibrating tongue elements are made.

[0005] Also known from the prototype is a vibrating tongue element of a percussion instrument, made in the form of a console plate, having three main parts - a root, made to the instrument as a console, and two side parts, having an elongated shape and connected each by one of its long sides to the root part at some distance from the place of connection of the root part with the instrument. In essence, the tongue instrument has internal slots, made with the ability to reproduce different frequencies of one note.

[0006] The general essential features of the prototype - the tongue element, coinciding with the essential features of the proposed technical solution, are the following - the tongue element of the percussion instrument, made in the form of a plate connected to the body, at least by one section, and having internal slots made with the ability to reproduce different frequencies.In particular, according to the proposed versions of the tongue element: according to version one - the tongue element of the percussion instrument, made in the form of a cantilever plate having internal slots made with the ability to reproduce different frequencies, wherein the slots form a dumbbell-shaped section on the plate; according to version two - the tongue element of the percussion instrument, made in the form of a plate connected to the body of the instrument, having internal slots made with the ability to reproduce different frequencies; according to version three - the tongue element of the percussion instrument, made in the form of a cantilever plate having internal slots made with the ability to reproduce different frequencies.

[0007] The console execution of the element may not be as such, or it may be multi-sectional - have several places of attachment to the body. In this case, this plate itself may not necessarily be cut out in the "body" of the tool itself, but also made separately and, for example, welded to it.

[0008] The prototype instrument and its tongue elements are designed to reproduce the frequencies of a single note. Their vibration frequencies are in the ratio 1:2:3:4, for example, 110 Hz + 220 Hz + 330 Hz + 440 Hz and sound to the listener as a single note of 110 Hz, enriched with harmonics.

[0009] In order to play a chord (a frequently used musical device) on the prototype instrument, it is necessary to use at least two, and preferably three or more of these linguistic elements (because a chord is a combination of sounds whose frequencies are in certain ratios, different from the natural series, which is why characteristic beats arise, which cause the required auditory sensations in the listener). This complicates the playing process: it requires the involvement of, for example, both hands of the musician, which reduces the ability to play a melody, and also requires more skill and attention. Thus, in practice, one has to choose between playing a more complete chord progression or playing a complete melody, which impoverishes and complicates the performance, especially for amateurs, because this instrument is intended mainly for them.In addition, due to the limited set of notes on the instrument (this is required to simplify learning and to eliminate the possibility of accidentally playing dissonant combinations of notes), many useful chords cannot be obtained by combining the language elements available on the instrument, which also significantly impoverishes the performance capabilities of the instrument. Usually, 4 - 6 different chords are used in compositions, for example, C major + F major + A minor + G major, which sound in turn, for example, 2 seconds each and so on in a circle. This, for example, can be observed when playing accompaniment for a song on the guitar. The proposed invention, both for the entire instrument and separately for the language, achieves the following technical result - the ability to play a ready chord by affecting one language element (for each ready chord its own language element).

[0010] This is achieved by the fact that in a percussion musical instrument, made in the form of a closed body consisting of two parts, at least one of which is working, made of metal and is made convex outward, on it are made vibrating tongue elements having internal slots made with the ability to reproduce different frequencies, in contrast to the prototype, at least one vibrating tongue element has slots made with the ability to reproduce frequencies that form a chord.

[0011] To implement this technical task, realizing the reproduction of chords, options for performing language elements are proposed.

[0012] Thus, according to variant one of the design, the tongue element of the percussion instrument, made in the form of a cantilever plate having internal slots made with the possibility of reproducing different frequencies, wherein the slots form a dumbbell-shaped section on the plate, in contrast to the prototype, the tongue element is made asymmetrical, having slots on one side of the connecting section, forming a dumbbell-shaped section, and on the other side a rectangular or arcuate section.

[0013] According to the variant, there are two versions, the tongue element of the percussion instrument, made in the form of a plate connected to the body of the instrument, having internal slots made with the possibility of reproducing different frequencies, in contrast to the prototype, the plate has two sections of connection with the body of the instrument and is formed by two slots of a spiral shape of different directions.

[0014] According to the variant, there are three versions, the tongue element of the percussion instrument, made in the form of a console plate, having internal slots, made with the ability to reproduce different frequencies, unlike the prototype, the internal and external (separating the tongue element from the body of the instrument) slots form a spiral.

[0015] In this case, the connection areas of the language elements can be located at any angle to the radius of the working part.

[0016] Thanks to the presence of these distinctive features - slots made with the ability to reproduce the frequencies that form the chord, it becomes possible to play a ready chord by acting on one tongue element tuned to this specific chord, which frees the player's hands to reproduce, for example, an accompanying melody, and also requires less skill and attention, and also provides the ability to reproduce complex chords that are not available in the classic body playback.

[0017] The proposed instrument and tongue elements can find application in the construction of percussion tongue instruments, such as metal reed drums.

[0018] The proposed technical solution is illustrated by the figures 1-7.

[0019] Fig. 1 shows a general view of the instrument with tongue elements reproducing individual notes (located along the outer circle) and reproducing chords (5 elements in the center).

[0020] Fig. 2-4 shows specific variants of the execution of the tongue elements of a percussion instrument that reproduce chords.

[0021] Fig. 5-7 shows the main vibration frequencies of the parts of the language elements shown in Fig. 2-4.

[0022] The instrument shown in Fig. 1 (working part with tongue elements) contains tongue elements 1, reproducing individual notes, and tongue elements 2, reproducing chords. In this case, as in the prototype, when scaling the contour of tongue elements 1 and 2, all its frequencies change, while maintaining the relationships between themselves.

[0023] In Fig. 2-4 the tongue element is designed to play chords. This is achieved by means of cuts in the original plate.

[0024] The tongue element 2 in the figure in Fig. 2 is connected to the body in a cantilever manner by the root part 3 and contains a section of the "dumbbell" type 4. The tongue element 2 has seven tuned first frequencies, which make up a major (1: 1.5: 2.52: 4: 5.04: 8: 10.04) or minor (1: 1.5: 2.38: 4: 4.76: 8: 9.51) chord. The sound of the main (first) frequency arises from the vibration of the entire plate of the tongue element 2 in a cantilever manner (Fig. 5 (a)) and (is determined by the selection of the size of the plate and the width of its root part when designing the shape). The sound of the second frequency is produced by dumbbell 4 (Fig. 5 (b)), performing torsional oscillations around its base 5 of dumbbell 4 (root part) by which it is attached to the base 6 of the plate of the tongue element 2, when designing the moment of inertia of dumbbell 4 relative to the axis of oscillation and the rigidity (for example, width) of the base 5 are selected so that the frequency of this oscillation is 1.5 times higher than the main (first) frequency. The sound of the third frequency is produced by the same dumbbell 4 (Fig.5 (c)), performing torsional oscillations relative to the axis perpendicular to the previous one, its base 5 in this case does not twist, but bends, the moment of inertia of dumbbell 4 relative to this axis is selected so that with such bending rigidity of base 5, the frequency of this oscillation is 2.52 (if this is tongue element 2 producing a major chord and 2.38 if minor) times higher than the first frequency. Sound of the fourth frequency is produced by the lower half of dumbbell 4 (Fig. 5 (g)), cantilever oscillating on its narrow base 7, as well as base 6 of the plate of tongue element 2, the inertial characteristics of the lower half of dumbbell 4 and the bending rigidity of its base 5, as well as the inertial-rigidity characteristics of base 6 are selected so that the frequency of this oscillation exceeds the first frequency by 4 times. The sound of the fifth frequency is produced by torsional vibration of the upper half of the dumbbell 4 (Fig. 5 (d)) with bending of its narrow base 7, as well as some other secondary movements.The moment of inertia of the upper half of dumbbell 4 relative to the axis of oscillation and the bending rigidity of its base 5 are selected so that the frequency of this oscillation is 5.04 (if this is a tongue element producing a major chord and 4.76 if it is a minor chord) times greater than the first frequency. The sound of the sixth frequency is produced by torsional oscillation of the lower half of dumbbell 4 with a bend of its narrow base 7 (Fig. 5 (e)) and some minor movements of the upper half of dumbbell 4. The moment of inertia of the lower half of dumbbell 4 relative to the axis of oscillation and the bending rigidity of its base in this direction are selected during the design so that the frequency of this oscillation is 8 times greater than the first frequency. The sound of the seventh frequency is produced by torsional oscillation of the lower half of dumbbell 4 with a bend of its narrow base 7 (Fig. 5 (g)) and some minor movements of the upper half of dumbbell 4 in the opposite phase compared to the previous oscillation.The moment of inertia of the lower half of dumbbell 4 relative to the axis of oscillation and the rigidity of its base for bending in this direction are selected during the design so that the frequency of this oscillation is 10.08 (if this is a tongue element producing a major chord and 9.51 if a minor chord) times greater than the first frequency.

[0025] The tongue element in the figure in Fig. 3 is connected to the body in two places by the root parts 3 - at the top left and at the bottom right. It has six tuned first frequencies, which make up a major (1: 1.5: 2.52: 4: 5.04: 8) or minor (1: 1.5: 2.38: 4: 4.76: 8) chord. The sound of the main (first) frequency arises from the vibration of the lower part of the tongue element plate 2 as a cantilever on the lower base 6 and partially on the upper base 6 (Fig. 6 (a)) and is controlled by selecting the ratio of the mass and moment of inertia of the lower part of the tongue element plate 2 and the rigidity of its base 6 and the rigidity of the connection with the second base 6 when designing the shape. The sound of the second frequency arises from the vibration of the upper part of the tongue element plate 2 as a cantilever on the upper base 6 and partially on the lower base 6 (Fig. 6 (b)).The mass and moment of inertia of the upper part of the tongue element plate 2 and the rigidity of its base 6 and the rigidity of the connection with the second base 6 are selected during the design such that the frequency of this oscillation is 1.5 times greater than the first frequency. The sound of the third frequency arises from the torsional oscillation of the entire body of the tongue element plate 2 relative to the horizontal axis with bending and twisting of both bases 6 (Fig. 6 (c)). The moment of inertia of the movable part of the plate relative to this axis and the rigidity of both bases 6 are selected in such a way that the frequency of this oscillation exceeds the first frequency by 2.52 times (if this is a tongue element producing a major chord and by 2.38 times if a minor chord). The sound of the fourth frequency arises from the torsional oscillation of the upper part of the tongue element plate 2 (Fig. 6 (d)) with bending and twisting of both bases 6.The moment of inertia of the upper part of the tongue element plate 2 relative to the axis of its oscillation and the rigidity of the upper base 6 and the rigidity of the connection with the lower base 6 are selected in such a way that the frequency of this oscillation exceeds the first frequency by 4 times. The sound of the fifth frequency arises from the torsional oscillation of the central part of the tongue element relative to its connections with the upper and lower bases 6 with some minor movements of the remaining areas of the tongue element plate 2 (Fig. 6 (d)). The moment of inertia of the central part of the tongue element plate 2 relative to the axis of its oscillation and the rigidity of its connection with both bases 6 are selected during the design so that the frequency of this oscillation exceeds the first frequency by 5.04 (if this is a tongue element producing a major chord and by 4.76 if a minor chord) times.The sound of the sixth frequency arises from the torsional vibration of the central part of the plate of the tongue element 2 and the end of the lower part, which moves in the opposite direction to the nearest end of the central part, while the connection of the central part with the lower base 6 and the lower base 6 itself bend. The mass and moments of inertia of the oscillating parts, as well as the rigidity of the connection of the central part with the lower base 6 and the rigidity of the lower base 6 itself are selected during the design so that the frequency of this vibration exceeds the first frequency by 8 times.

[0026] The tongue element 2 in the figure in Fig. 4 is connected to the body in a cantilever manner by the base 6 and is made in the form of a spiral. The tongue element 2 has six tuned first frequencies, which make up a major (1: 1.5: 2.52: 4: 6: 8) or minor (1: 1.5: 2.38: 4: 6: 8) chord. The sound of the main (first) frequency arises from the vibration of the entire plate of the tongue element 2 in a cantilever manner (Fig. 7 (a)) and is determined by the selection of the size of the plate of the tongue element 2 and the width of its root part 3 when designing the shape. The sound of the second frequency is produced by a torsional vibration of the entire plate of the tongue element 2 relative to an axis located at approximately 45 degrees and passing approximately through the center of the plate of the tongue element 2 (Fig. 7 (b)). The frequency of this oscillation is determined by the moment of inertia of the entire plate of the tongue element 2 relative to this axis and the bending-torsional rigidity of the root part 3 of the tongue and exceeds the first frequency by 1.5 times.The third frequency sound is produced by the torsional vibration of the outer curl 8 relative to an approximately horizontal axis passing approximately through the middle of curl 8, and by the secondary torsional vibration of the remaining portion of the tongue element plate 2 in the same direction relative to an axis located below (Fig. 7 (c)). The frequency of this vibration is determined primarily by the moment of inertia of the outer curl 8 relative to its axis and by the bending rigidity of the region of tongue element 2 connecting curl 8 and the remaining portion of the tongue element plate 2. These parameters are selected so that the frequency exceeds the fundamental frequency by 2.52 times (if this is a tongue element producing a major chord and by 2.38 times if it is a minor chord). The fourth frequency sound is produced by the torsional vibration of the same outer curl 8 relative to an approximately vertical axis passing approximately through its middle and by the secondary vibrations of the entire remaining portion of tongue element plate 2 (Fig. 7 (d)).The frequency of this oscillation is determined by the moment of inertia of the outer curl 8 relative to this axis and the bending rigidity of the region connecting the curl and the rest of the tongue element and exceeds the first frequency by 4 times. The sound of the fifth frequency arises from the torsional oscillation of the inner curl 9 relative to the axis located at an angle of approximately 20 degrees to the horizontal and passing through approximately the middle of the inner curl 9 and secondary oscillations of the remaining parts of the plate of the tongue element 2 (Fig. 7 (d)). The frequency of this oscillation is determined by the moment of inertia of the inner curl 9 relative to this axis and the bending rigidity of the region connecting the inner curl 9 and the rest of the plate of the tongue element 2 and exceeds the first frequency by 6 times.The sound of the sixth frequency arises from the torsional vibration of the same internal curl 9 relative to the axis, essentially perpendicular to the axis in the previous vibration (the fifth frequency) and secondary bending vibrations of the rest of the plate of the tongue element 2 (Fig. 7 (e)). The frequency of this vibration is determined by the moment of inertia of the internal curl 9 relative to this axis and the bending rigidity of the region connecting the internal curl 9 and the rest of the plate of the tongue element 2 and exceeds the first frequency by 8 times.

Claims

Formula 1. A percussion musical instrument made in the form of a closed body consisting of two parts, at least one of which is working, made of metal and is made convex outward, on which vibrating tongue elements are made, having internal slots made with the possibility of reproducing different frequencies, characterized in that at least one vibrating tongue element has slots made with the possibility of reproducing frequencies that form a chord.

2. A tongue element of a percussion instrument, made in the form of a cantilever plate having internal slots designed with the ability to reproduce different frequencies, wherein the slots form a dumbbell-shaped section on the plate, characterized in that the tongue element is made asymmetrical, having slots on one side of the connecting section that form a dumbbell-shaped section, and on the other side a rectangular or arcuate section.

3. A tongue element of a percussion instrument, made in the form of a plate connected to the body of the instrument, having internal slots designed with the ability to reproduce different frequencies, characterized in that the plate has two sections of connection with the body of the instrument and is formed by two spiral-shaped slots of different directions.

4. A tongue element of a percussion instrument, made in the form of a cantilever plate having internal slots designed with the ability to reproduce different frequencies, characterized in that the internal and external slots form a spiral. 8

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