Heterotricyclic n-[1-(2-benzofuranyl)-methyl]-urea derivatives as PI3k alpha inhibitors for the treatment of cancer
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/101636
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-06-27
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-02
Smart Images

Figure CN2024101636_02012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MULTICYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS PI3K ALPHA INHIBITORS
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims priority to International Patent Application No. PCT / CN2023 / 102837 filed on June 27, 2023, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0003] SEQUENCE LISTING
[0004] This application is submitted concurrently with a computer readable Sequence Listing in XML file format, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The Sequence Listing XML file submitted is entitled “14668-030-228_SEQLISTING. xml” , was created on June 18, 2024, and is 3, 295 bytes in size.FIELD
[0005] Provided herein are certain multicyclic compounds as PI3K alpha (PI3Kα) inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and method of use of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions in the treatment of diseases or disorders.BACKGROUND
[0006] Lipid phosphoinositides in cell membranes are master regulators of membrane signaling events for membrane trafficking, metabolism, growth, signaling and autophagy, with alterations in phosphoinositide metabolism being causative for many human diseases (Dickson, E.J., Hille, B., Biochem. J. 2019, 476 (1) , 1–23) . Phosphoinositides are generated from phosphatidylinositol (PI) by the action of lipid phosphoinositide kinases (19 unique genes in mammals) and are degraded by the action of phosphoinositide phosphatases (Schink, K.O. et al., Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2016, 32, 143–171) .
[0007] Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are involved in signaling pathways downstream of tyrosine kinases (RTKs) , G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) , and GTPases such as RAS, RAC, and CDC42, regulating a range of cellular activities, including metabolism, proliferation, and migration (Vanhaesebroeck, B. et al., Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021, 20, 741–769) . Class I PI3Ks comprise heterodimers formed by p110 catalytic subunits (α, β, γ or δ) and p85 regulatory subunits, among which PI3Kα and PI3Kβ have a wide tissue distribution, while PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ are more abundant in leukocytes. At the cellular level, a key function of PI3Kα is to convert growth factor stimulation into activation of anabolic processes and concomitant inhibition of catabolic processes (Hammond, G.R.V. &Burke, J.E., Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2020, 63, 57–67) . Two key effectors of PI3Kαinvolved in this response are AKT and mTOR, these are serine / threonine kinases with a myriad of substrates and pleiotropic functions. Combined with AKT / mTOR, PI3Kα pathway endows the widespread transcriptional changes for energy generation and biosynthetic activity, key requisites for cell proliferation and survival (Lee, J.V. et al., Cell Metab. 2014, 20, 306–319) .
[0008] The human p110α protein is encoded by the PIK3CA gene. PIK3CA is a 34 kb gene located on chromosome 3q26.3 that consists of 20 exons coding for 1068 amino acids yielding a 124 kDa size protein. PIK3CA is one of the most frequently mutated kinase gene in solid tumors. Oncogenic mutations are present across PIK3CA, apart from the RAS-binding domain, also highly enriched for hotspot mutations in the helical (E542K, E545K) and kinase (H1047R) domains, having the strongest biological impact in experimental cell model systems compared with other PIK3CA mutations (Zhang, Y. et al., Cancer Cell 2017, 31, 820–832 e823) . Mutations in PIK3CA mimic and enhance dynamic events in the natural activation process of the auto-inhibited p85–p110 heterodimer (Burke, J.E. et al., Oncotarget 2013, 4, 180–181) . PIK3CA mutation has multiple impacts, including the reduction of growth factor dependence, emergence of stem cell-like properties, the toleration of chromosomal instability, potentially driving tumor evolution (Vanhaesebroeck, B. et al., Biomolecules 9, 331) . Transcriptional profiling of a PIK3CA-mutated derivative of the MCF10A breast cell line indicated the expression of PI3K-driven, nuclear factor-κB (NF-KB) -dependent target genes enriched in cytokines, chemokines or secreted proteins (Hutti, J.E. et al., Cancer Res. 2012, 72, 3260–3269) . PIK3CA mutation in cancer cells also create an immunosuppressive stromal environment by induction of high glycolysis in cancer cells, leading to a high demand for glucose and subsequent depletion of metabolic fuels in the stroma, thus contributing to immune suppression (Hao, Y. et al., Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 11971; Biswas, S.K., Immunity 2015, 43, 435–449) .
[0009] Because of the PI3Kα pathway’s role in oncogenesis, a variety of PI3Kαinhibitors have been developed to attempt to improve cancer control. Isoform-selective PI3Kα inhibitors have a good potency for the ATP pocket and became a main rationale for the use in oncology to target cancer cell-intrinsic PI3K pathway (Tarantelli, C. et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 2018, 24, 120–129) . Main challenge in the therapeutic exploitation of PI3Kα inhibitors is toxicity and pathway reactivation. Feedback can counteract PI3Kα inhibition by both cell-intrinsic and systematic mechanisms (Burke, J.E. et al. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022, DOI: 10.1038 / s41573-022-00582-5) . Inhibition of PI3K leads to a decreased activation of AKT, relieving suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expression and reactivating the PI3K pathway (Chakrabarty, A. et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, 2718–2723) . In clinical, PI3Kα inhibition may lead to hyperglycemia, causing the reactivation of the pathway, which hampers the clinical dosing and therapeutic window. These events suggest an opportunity to combine PI3K inhibition with dietary or pharmacological interventions to lower blood glucose levels (Hopkins, B.D. et al., Nature 2018, 560, 499–503) . Therefore, a major focus in PI3Kα drug development is the mutant-selective inhibitors. Targeting PI3Kαdominant mutations (E542K, E545K, H1047R) may improve the therapeutic window, enabling sufficient target inhibition in tumor as well as avoiding the dose-limiting toxicity.SUMMARY
[0010] In one embodiment, provided herein are multicyclic compounds as PI3Kαinhibitors. In one embodiment, the multicyclic compounds comprise a tricyclic fused ring.
[0011] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I-A) or (I-B) :
[0012] or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Y3, Ra3, Ra4, Ra5, Ra6, Ring A, Ring B, R and R1 are as defined herein or elsewhere.
[0013] Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0014] Also provided herein are methods of inhibiting a PI3Kα protein, comprising contacting the PI3Kα protein with a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein.
[0015] Also provided herein are methods of treating PI3Kα associated diseases or cancer, comprising administering to a subject having the disease or cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] DEFINITIONS
[0017] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. All patents, applications, published applications and other publications are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event that there are a plurality of definitions for a term herein, those in this section prevail unless stated otherwise.
[0018] As used herein, and in the specification and the accompanying claims, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” and the definite article “the” include plural as well as single referents, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0019] As used herein, the terms “comprising” and “including” can be used interchangeably. The terms “comprising” and “including” are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features or components as referred to, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more features, or components, or groups thereof. Additionally, the terms “comprising” and “including” are intended to include examples encompassed by the term “consisting of” . Consequently, the term “consisting of” can be used in place of the terms “comprising” and “including” to provide for more specific embodiments.
[0020] As used herein, the term “or” is to be interpreted as an inclusive “or” meaning any one or any combination. Therefore, “A, B or C” means any of the following: “A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B and C” . An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or acts are in some way inherently mutually exclusive.
[0021] As used herein, the phrase “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A and / or B” herein is intended to include both A and B; A or B; A (alone) ; and B (alone) . Likewise, the phrase “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following embodiments: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone) ; B (alone) ; and C (alone) .
[0022] It should be noted that if there is a discrepancy between a depicted structure and a name for that structure, the depicted structure is to be accorded more weight.
[0023] It is understood that in the present description, combinations of substituents and / or variables of the depicted formulae are permissible only if such contributions result in a stable compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc.
[0024] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which is saturated. In one embodiment, the alkyl group has, for example, from one to twenty-four carbon atoms (C1-C24 alkyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkyl) , one to fifteen carbon atoms (C1-C15 alkyl) , one to twelve carbon atoms (C1-C12 alkyl) , one to eight carbon atoms (C1-C8 alkyl) or one to six carbon atoms (C1-C6 alkyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl) , n-butyl, n-pentyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl) , 3-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0025] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The term “alkenyl” also embraces radicals having “cis” and “trans” configurations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” configurations, as appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group has, , for example, from two to twenty-four carbon atoms (C2-C24 alkenyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkenyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkenyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkenyl) , two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 alkenyl) , two to twelve carbon atoms (C2-C12 alkenyl) , two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 alkenyl) or two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 alkenyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, prop-1-enyl, but- 1-enyl, pent-1-enyl, penta-1, 4-dienyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkenyl group is optionally substituted.
[0026] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group has, for example, from two to twenty-four carbon atoms (C2-C24 alkynyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkynyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkynyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkynyl) , two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 alkynyl) , two to twelve carbon atoms (C2-C12 alkynyl) , two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 alkynyl) or two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 alkynyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkynyl group is optionally substituted.
[0027] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which is saturated. Cycloalkyl group may include fused, bridged, or spiro ring systems. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl has, for example, from 3 to 15 ring carbon atoms (C3-C15 cycloalkyl) , from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) , or from 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . The cycloalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Examples of polycyclic cycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0028] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkenyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which includes one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Cycloalkenyl may include fused, bridged, or spiro ring systems. In one embodiment, the cycloalkenyl has, for example, from 3 to 15 ring carbon atoms (C3-C15 cycloalkenyl) , from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , or from 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) . The cycloalkenyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkenyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkenyl group is optionally substituted. Similarly, as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkynyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which includes one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
[0029] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical that has one or more skeletal chain atoms selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, or combinations thereof. A numerical range can be given to refer to the chain length in total. For example, a -CH2OCH2CH3 radical is referred to as a “C4” heteroalkyl. Connection to the parent molecular structure can be through either a heteroatom or a carbon in the heteroalkyl chain. One or more heteroatom (s) in the heteroalkyl radical can be optionally oxidized. One or more nitrogen atoms, if present, can also be optionally quaternized. Unless otherwise specified, a heteroalkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0030] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aryl” refers to a monocyclic aromatic group and / or multicyclic aromatic group that contain at least one aromatic hydrocarbon ring. In certain embodiments, the aryl has from 6 to 18 ring carbon atoms (C6-C18 aryl) , from 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms (C6-C14 aryl) , or from 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C6-C10 aryl) . Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, azulenyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, biphenyl, and terphenyl. The term “aryl” also refers to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other multicyclic hydrocarbon rings, where at least one of the rings is aromatic and the others of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, for example, dihydronaphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralinyl) . Unless otherwise specified, an aryl group is optionally substituted.
[0031] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic aromatic group and / or multicyclic aromatic group that contains at least one aromatic ring, wherein at least one aromatic ring contains one or more (e.g., one, one or two, one to three, or one to four) heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N. The heteroaryl may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl has from 5 to 20, from 5 to 15, or from 5 to 10 ring atoms. The term “heteroaryl” also refers to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other multicyclic rings, where at least one of the rings is aromatic and the others of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, wherein at least one aromatic ring contains one or more heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N. Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, and triazinyl. Examples of bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, purinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, furopyridinyl, thienopyridinyl, dihydroisoindolyl, and tetrahydroquinolinyl. Examples of tricyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, carbazolyl, benzindolyl, phenanthrollinyl, acridinyl, phenanthridinyl, and xanthenyl. Unless otherwise specified, a heteroaryl group is optionally substituted.
[0032] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heterocyclyl” refers to a monocyclic and / or multicyclic non-aromatic group that contains one or more (e.g., one, one or two, one to three, or one to four) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. The heterocyclyl may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom. A heterocyclyl group can be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, or other multicyclic ring system, wherein the multicyclic ring systems can be a fused, bridged or spiro ring system. Heterocyclyl multicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or more rings. A heterocyclyl group can be saturated or partially unsaturated. Saturated heterocyclyl groups can be termed “heterocycloalkyl” . Partially unsaturated heterocyclyl groups can be termed “heterocycloalkenyl” if the heterocyclyl contains at least one double bond, or “heterocycloalkynyl” if the heterocyclyl contains at least one triple bond. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl has, for example, 3 to 18 ring atoms (3-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 4 to 18 ring atoms (4-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 5 to 18 ring atoms (5-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 4 to 10 ring atoms (4-to 10-membered heterocyclyl) , 4 to 8 ring atoms (4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl) , 5 to 8 ring atoms (5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl) , or 5 to 7 ring atoms (5-to 7-membered heterocyclyl) . Examples of heterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, and piperidinyl. Unless otherwise specified, a heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted.
[0033] Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “3 to 18” refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., a heterocyclyl with “3 to 18 ring atoms” means that the heterocyclyl group can consist of 3 ring atoms, 4 ring atoms, 5 ring atoms, 6 ring atoms, 7 ring atoms, 8 ring atoms, 9 ring atoms, 10 ring atoms, etc., up to and including 18 ring atoms. Similarly, a C1-C6 alkyl means that the alkyl group can consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms.
[0034] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, a “cycloalkylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-cycloalkyl, wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are defined above. Substituted cycloalkylalkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the cycloalkyl, or both the alkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of the group. Representative cycloalkylalkyl groups include but are not limited to cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylethyl, cyclopentylpropyl, cyclohexylpropyl and the like.
[0035] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, an “aralkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-aryl, wherein alkyl and aryl are defined above. Substituted aralkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the aryl, or both the alkyl and the aryl portions of the group. Representative aralkyl groups include but are not limited to benzyl and phenethyl groups and aralkyl groups wherein the aryl group is fused to a cycloalkyl group such as indan-4-yl ethyl.
[0036] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, other similar composite terms mirror the above description for “cycloalkylalkyl” and “aralkyl” . For example, a “heterocyclylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-heterocyclyl, wherein alkyl and heterocyclyl are defined above. A “heteroarylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein alkyl and heteroaryl are defined above. A “heterocycloalkylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, wherein alkyl and heterocycloalkyl are defined above.
[0037] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “halogen” , “halide” or “halo” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and / or iodine. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “haloalkyl, ” “haloalkenyl, ” “haloalkynyl, ” and “haloalkoxy” refer to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkoxy structures that are substituted with one or more halo groups or with combinations thereof.
[0038] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkoxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aryloxy” refers to -O- (aryl) , wherein aryl is defined above.
[0039] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkyl sulfonyl” refers to –SO2-alkyl, wherein alkyl is defined above.
[0040] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “carboxyl” and “carboxy” refers to -COOH.
[0041] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkoxycarbonyl” refers to -C (=O) O- (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “arylalkyloxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) - (aryl) , wherein alkyl and aryl are defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkyloxy” refers to -O- (cycloalkyl) , wherein cycloalkyl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkylalkyloxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) - (cycloalkyl) , wherein cycloalkyl and alkyl are defined above.
[0042] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “acyl” refers to –C (O) -Ra, wherein Ra can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Ra may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0043] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “acyloxy” refers to –O-C (O) -Ra, wherein Ra can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Ra may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0044] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “amino” refers to –N (R#) (R#) , wherein each R#independently can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. When a -N (R#) (R#) group has two R#other than hydrogen, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a ring. In one embodiment, the ring is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring. In one embodiment, one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, or N. The term “amino” also includes N-oxide (–N+(R#) (R#) O-) . In certain embodiments, each R#or the ring formed by -N (R#) (R#) independently may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0045] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “amide” or “amido” refers to –C (O) N (R#) 2 or –NR#C (O) R#, wherein each R#independently can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. When a –C (O) N (R#) 2 group has two R#other than hydrogen, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a ring. In one embodiment, the ring is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring. In one embodiment, one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, or N. In certain embodiments, each R#or the ring formed by -N (R#) (R#) independently may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0046] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aminoalkyl” refers to - (alkyl) - (amino) , wherein alkyl and amino are defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aminoalkoxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) - (amino) , wherein alkyl and amino are defined above.
[0047] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkylamino” refers to -NH (alkyl) or -N (alkyl) (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above. Examples of such alkylamino groups include, but are not limited to, -NHCH3, -NHCH2CH3, -NH (CH2) 2CH3, -NH (CH2) 3CH3, -NH (CH2) 4CH3, -NH (CH2) 5CH3, -N (CH3) 2, -N (CH2CH3) 2, -N ( (CH2) 2CH3) 2, -N (CH3) (CH2CH3) , and the like.
[0048] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “arylamino” refers to -NH (aryl) or -N (aryl) (aryl) , wherein aryl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, similar composite terms such as “arylalkylamino” and “cycloalkylamino” mirrors the descriptions above for “alkylamino” and “arylamino” .
[0049] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfanyl” , “sulfide” , or “thio” refers to -S-Ra, wherein Ra can be, but is not limited to, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Ra may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0050] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfoxide” refers to –S (O) -Ra, wherein Ra can be, but is not limited to, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Ra may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0051] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfonyl” or “sulfone” refers to –S (O) 2-Ra, wherein Ra can be, but is not limited to, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Ra may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0052] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfonamido” or “sulfonamide” refers to –S (=O) 2–N (R#) 2 or –N (R#) –S (=O) 2–R#, wherein each R#independently can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. When a –S (=O) 2–N (R#) 2 group has two R#other than hydrogen, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a ring. In one embodiment, the ring is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring. In one embodiment, one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, or N. In certain embodiments, each R#or the ring formed by -N (R#) (R#) independently may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0053] “Azide” refers to a –N3 radical.
[0054] “Cyano” refers to a –CN radical.
[0055] “Nitro” refers to the –NO2 radical.
[0056] “Oxa” refers to the –O–radical.
[0057] “Oxo” refers to the =O radical.
[0058] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “optional” or “optionally” (e.g., optionally substituted) means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means that the alkyl radical may or may not be substituted and that the description includes both substituted alkyl radicals and alkyl radicals having no substitution.
[0059] When the groups described herein are said to be “substituted, ” they may be substituted with any appropriate substituent or substituents. Illustrative examples of substituents include, but are not limited to, those found in the exemplary compounds and embodiments provided herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro) ; alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; hydroxyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonate; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfinyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aryloxyamine, aralkoxyamine; N-oxide; hydrazine; hydrazide; hydrazone; azide; isocyanate; isothiocyanate; cyanate; thiocyanate; oxo (═O) ; B (OH) 2, O (alkyl) aminocarbonyl; cycloalkyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl) , or a heterocyclyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., pyrrolidyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or thiazinyl) ; monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, acridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiophenyl, or benzofuranyl) aryloxy; aralkyloxy; heterocyclyloxy; and heterocyclyl alkoxy.
[0060] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “isomer” refers to different compounds that have the same molecular formula. “Stereoisomers” are isomers that differ only in the way the atoms are arranged in space. “Atropisomers” are stereoisomers from hindered rotation about single bonds. “Enantiomers” are a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers in any proportion can be known as a “racemic” mixture. “Diastereoisomers” are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms, but which are not mirror-images of each other. The absolute stereochemistry can be specified according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog R-Ssystem. When a compound is an enantiomer, the stereochemistry at each chiral carbon can be specified by either R or S. Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is unknown can be designated (+) or (-) depending on the direction (dextro-or levorotatory) which they rotate plane polarized light at the wavelength of the sodium D line. However, the sign of optical rotation, (+) and (-) , is not related to the absolute configuration of the molecule, R and S. Certain compounds described herein contain one or more asymmetric centers and can thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that can be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry at each asymmetric atom, as (R) -or (S) -. The present chemical entities, pharmaceutical compositions and methods are meant to include all such possible isomers, including racemic mixtures, optically substantially pure forms and intermediate mixtures. Optically active (R) -and (S) -isomers can be prepared, for example, using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques.
[0061] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “enantiomeric purity” or “enantiomer purity” refers to a qualitative or quantitative measure of a purified enantiomer. The enantiomeric purity of compounds described herein may be described in terms of enantiomeric excess (ee) , which indicates the degree to which a sample contains one enantiomer in greater amounts than the other. A racemic mixture has an ee of 0%, while a single completely pure enantiomer has an ee of 100%. Examples of the enantiomeric purity include an ee of at least about 10%, at least about 12%, at least about 14%, at least about 16%, at least about 18%, at least about 20%, at least about 22%, at least about 24%, at least about 26%, at least about 28%, at least about 30%, at least about 32%, at least about 34%, at least about 36%, at least about 38%, at least about 40%, at least about 42%, at least about 44%, at least about 46%, at least about 48%, at least about 50%, at least about 52%, at least about 54%, at least about 56%, at least about 58%, at least about 60%, at least about 62%, at least about 64%, at least about 66%, at least about 68%, at least about 70%, at least about 72%, at least about 74%, at least about 76%, at least about 78%, at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about or at least about 99%. Similarly, “diastereomeric purity” may be described in terms of diasteriomeric excess (de) , which indicates the degree to which a sample contains one diastereoisomers in greater amounts than the other (s) .
[0062] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “substantially purified enantiomer” refers to a compound wherein one enantiomer has been enriched over the other. In one embodiment, the other enantiomer represents less than about 20%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, or less than about 2%of the enantiomer. In one embodiment, a substantially purified enantiomer has an enantiomeric excess of S enantiomer of at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%or at least about 99.9%. In one embodiment, a substantially purified enantiomer has an enantiomeric excess of R enantiomer of at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%or at least about 99.9%.
[0063] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, “Stereoisomers” can also include E and Z isomers, or a mixture thereof, and cis and trans isomers or a mixture thereof. In certain embodiments, a compound described herein is isolated as either the E or Z isomer. In other embodiments, a compound described herein is a mixture of the E and Z isomers.
[0064] Tautomers" refers to isomeric forms of a compound that are in equilibrium with each other. The concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment the compound is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether the compound is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. For example, in aqueous solution, pyrazoles may exhibit the following isomeric forms, which are referred to as tautomers of each other:
[0065] All tautomers of the compounds described herein are within the scope of the present application.
[0066] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes both acid and base addition salts.
[0067] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as, but not limited to, acetic acid, 2, 2-dichloroacetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, camphoric acid, camphor-10-sulfonic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, carbonic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclamic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, ethane-1, 2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, galactaric acid, gentisic acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, 2-oxo-glutaric acid, glycerophosphoric acid, glycolic acid, hippuric acid, isobutyric acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, lauric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, mucic acid, naphthalene-1, 5-disulfonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, nicotinic acid, oleic acid, orotic acid, oxalic acid, palmitic acid, pamoic acid, propionic acid, pyroglutamic acid, pyruvic acid, salicylic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, sebacic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, thiocyanic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, undecylenic acid, and the like.
[0068] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt include, but are not limited to, salts prepared from addition of an inorganic base or an organic base to a free acid compound. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. In one embodiment, the inorganic salts are the ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as ammonia, isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, deanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, benethamine, benzathine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like. In one embodiment, the organic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine, trimethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline and caffeine.
[0069] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “subject” refers to an animal, including, but not limited to, a primate (e.g., human) , cow, sheep, goat, horse, dog, cat, rabbit, rat, or mouse. The terms “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably herein in reference, for example, to a mammalian subject, such as a human subject. In one embodiment, the subject is a mammal. In one embodiment, the subject is a human.
[0070] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “treat, ” “treating, ” and “treatment” refer to the eradication or amelioration of a disease or disorder, or of one or more symptoms associated with the disease or disorder. In general, treatment occurs after the onset of the disease or disorder. In certain embodiments, the terms refer to minimizing the spread or worsening of the disease or disorder resulting from the administration of one or more prophylactic or therapeutic agents to a subject with such a disease or disorder.
[0071] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “prevent, ” “preventing, ” and “prevention” refer to the prevention of the onset, recurrence or spread of a disease or disorder, or of one or more symptoms thereof. In general, prevention occurs prior to the onset of the disease or disorder.
[0072] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “manage, ” “managing, ” and “management” refer to preventing or slowing the progression, spread or worsening of a disease or disorder, or of one or more symptoms thereof. Sometimes, the beneficial effects that a subject derives from a prophylactic or therapeutic agent do not result in a cure of the disease or disorder.
[0073] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “therapeutically effective amount” are meant to include the amount of a compound that, when administered, is sufficient to prevent development of, or alleviate to some extent, one or more of the symptoms of the disorder, disease, or condition being treated. The term “therapeutically effective amount” also refers to the amount of a compound that is sufficient to elicit the biological or medical response of a cell, tissue, system, animal, or human, which is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor, or clinician.
[0074] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “IC50” refers an amount, concentration, or dosage of a compound that is required for 50%inhibition of a maximal response in an assay that measures such response.
[0075] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “PI3Kα-associated disease or disorder” refers to diseases or disorders associated with or having a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or the expression or activity or level of any (e.g., one or more) of the same (e.g., any of the types of dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, or a PI3Kαprotein, or the expression or activity or level of any of the same described herein) . Non-limiting examples of a PI3Kα-associated disease or disorder include, for example, PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndromes (PROS) , brain disorders (e.g., as macrocephaly-capillary malformation (MCAP) and hemimegalencephaly) , congenital lipomatous (e.g., overgrowth of vascular malformations) , epidermal nevi and skeletal / spinal anomalies (e.g., CLOVES syndrome) and fibroadipose hyperplasia (FH) , or cancer (e.g., PI3Kα-associated cancer) .
[0076] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “PI3Kα-associated cancer” refers to cancers associated with or having a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity, or level of any of the same.
[0077] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or the expression or activity or level of any of the same” refers to a genetic mutation (e.g., a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of a PI3Kα that includes a deletion of at least one amino acid as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of PI3Kα with one or more point mutations as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of PI3Kα with at least one inserted amino acid as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, a gene duplication that results in an increased level of PI3Kα in a cell, or a mutation in a regulatory sequence (e.g., a promoter and / or enhancer) that results in an increased level of PI3Kα in a cell) , an alternative spliced version of PI3Kα mRNA that results in PI3Kαhaving a deletion of at least one amino acid in the PI3Kα as compared to the wild type PI3Kα) , or increased expression (e.g., increased levels) of a wild type PI3Kα in a mammalian cell due to aberrant cell signaling and / or dysregulated autocrine / paracrine signaling (e.g., as compared to a control non-cancerous cell) . In one embodiment, a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity, or level of any of the same, is a mutation in PIK3CA gene that encodes a PI3Kα that is constitutively active or has increased activity as compared to a protein encoded by a PIK3CA gene that does not include the mutation. Non-limiting examples of PI3Kα point mutations / substitutions / insertions / deletions are described in Table 2.
[0078] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “activating mutation” in reference to PI3Kα describes a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of PI3Kα that has an increased kinase activity, e.g., as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, e.g., when assayed under identical conditions. In one embodiment, an activating mutation is a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of a PI3Kα that has one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten) amino acid substitutions (e.g., any combination of any of the amino acid substitutions described herein) that has increased kinase activity, e.g., as compared to a wild type a PI3Kα, e.g., when assayed under identical conditions. In one embodiment, an activating mutation is a mutation in a PIK3CA that results in the expression of a PI3Kα that has one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten) amino acids deleted, e.g., as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, e.g., when assayed under identical conditions. In one embodiment, an activating mutation is a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of a PI3Kα that has at least one (e.g., at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, or at least 20) amino acid inserted as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, e.g., the exemplary wild type PI3Kα described herein, e.g., when assayed under identical conditions.
[0079] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “wild type” or “wild-type” refers to a nucleic acid (e.g., a PIK3CA gene or a PI3Kα mRNA) or protein (e.g., a PI3Kα) sequence that is typically found in a subject that does not have a disease or disorder related to the reference nucleic acid or protein.
[0080] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “wild type PI3Kα” or “wild-type PI3Kα” describes a normal PI3Kα nucleic acid (e.g., PIK3CA or PI3Kα mRNA) or protein that is found in a subject that does not have a PI3Kα-associated disease, e.g., a PI3Kα-associated cancer (and optionally also does not have an increased risk of developing a PI3Kα-associated disease and / or is not suspected of having a PI3Kα-associated disease) , or is found in a cell or tissue from a subject that does not have a PI3Kα-associated disease, e.g., a PI3Kα -associated cancer (and optionally also does not have an increased risk of developing a PI3Kα -associated disease and / or is not suspected of having a PI3Kα-associated disease) .
[0081] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, ” “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, ” “physiologically acceptable carrier, ” or “physiologically acceptable excipient” refers to a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition, or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent, or encapsulating material. In one embodiment, each component is “pharmaceutically acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of a pharmaceutical formulation, and suitable for use in contact with the tissue or organ of humans and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, immunogenicity, or other problems or complications, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. See, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, 2005; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 5th Edition, Rowe et al., Eds., The Pharmaceutical Press and the American Pharmaceutical Association: 2005; and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives, 3rd Edition, Ash and Ash Eds., Gower Publishing Company: 2007; Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation, Gibson Ed., CRC Press LLC: Boca Raton, FL, 2004.
[0082] Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds which differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds provided herein include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine, such as, e.g., 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18O, 17O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, and 36Cl, respectively. For example, provided herein are compounds having the present structures except for the replacement or enrichment of a hydrogen by deuterium or tritium at one or more atoms in the molecule, or the replacement or enrichment of a carbon by 13C or 14C at one or more atoms in the molecule. In one embodiment, provided herein are isotopically labeled compounds having one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by or enriched by deuterium. In one embodiment, provided herein are isotopically labeled compounds having one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by or enriched by tritium. In one embodiment, provided herein are isotopically labeled compounds having one or more carbon atoms replaced or enriched by 13C. In one embodiment, provided herein are isotopically labeled compounds having one or more carbon atoms replaced or enriched by 14C.
[0083] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “about” or “approximately” means an acceptable error for a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which depends in part on how the value is measured or determined. In certain embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” means within 1, 2, 3, or 4 standard deviations. In certain embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” means within 50%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.05%of a given value or range.
[0084] COMPOUNDS
[0085] In one embodiment, provided herein are multicyclic compounds as PI3Kαinhibitors. In one embodiment, provided herein are multicyclic compounds comprising a benzofuran core and a urea moiety as PI3Kα inhibitors. In one embodiment, the multicyclic compounds provided herein further comprises fused tricyclic ring. In one embodiment, the fused tricyclic ring comprises an aromatic ring or heteroaryl ring fused with a heteroaryl ring, which is further fused with a heterocyclyl ring.
[0086] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I-A) or (I-B) :
[0087] or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
[0088] X1 is CRa1 or N;
[0089] X2 is NRa2, O, or S;
[0090] Y1 is CRb1 or N;
[0091] Y2 is CRb2 or N;
[0092] Y3 is CRb3 or N;
[0093] Ra1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy, and wherein the alkyl and alkoxy are optionally substituted;
[0094] Ra2 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, and wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted;
[0095] Ra3, Ra4, Ra5, and Ra6 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted;
[0096] Rb1, Rb2, and Rb3 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted;
[0097] R is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted;
[0098] Ring A is an optionally substituted 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl; and
[0099] Ring B is an optionally substituted 4 to 10-membered heterocyclyl.
[0100] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (I-A) (or a sub-formula thereof) , or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (I-B) (or a sub-formula thereof) , or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0101] In one embodiment, X1 is N. In one embodiment, X1 is CRa1.
[0102] In one embodiment, Ra1 is H. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra1 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra1 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra1 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra1 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra1 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0103] In one embodiment, Ra1 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra1 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Ra1 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra1 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra1 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra1 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0104] In one embodiment, X2 is O. In one embodiment, X2 is S. In one embodiment, X2 is NRa2.
[0105] In one embodiment, Ra2 is H. In one embodiment, Ra2 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra2 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra2 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra2 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0106] In one embodiment, Ra3 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Ra3 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Ra3 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Ra3 is nitro. In one embodiment, Ra3 is cyano. In one embodiment, Ra3 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra3 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra3 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra3 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0107] In one embodiment, Ra3 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra3 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Ra3 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra3 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra3 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra3 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0108] In one embodiment, Ra3 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra3 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra3 is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra3 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0109] In one embodiment, Ra3 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is naphthyl. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra3 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra3 is substituted. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra3 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0110] In one embodiment, Ra3 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra3 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra3 is substituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra3 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0111] In one embodiment, Ra3 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra3 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra3 is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra3 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0112] In one embodiment, Ra3 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ra3 is substituted. In one embodiment, Ra3 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0113] In one embodiment, Ra4 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Ra4 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Ra4 is nitro. In one embodiment, Ra4 is cyano. In one embodiment, Ra4 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra4 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra4 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra4 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0114] In one embodiment, Ra4 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra4 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Ra4 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra4 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra4 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra4 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0115] In one embodiment, Ra4 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra4 is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra4 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0116] In one embodiment, Ra4 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is naphthyl. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra4 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra4 is substituted. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra4 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0117] In one embodiment, Ra4 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra4 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra4 is substituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra4 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0118] In one embodiment, Ra4 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra4 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra4 is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra4 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0119] In one embodiment, Ra4 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ra4 is substituted. In one embodiment, Ra4 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0120] In one embodiment, Ra5 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Ra5 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Ra5 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Ra5 is nitro. In one embodiment, Ra5 is cyano. In one embodiment, Ra5 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra5 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra5 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra5 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0121] In one embodiment, Ra5 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra5 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Ra5 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra5 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra5 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra5 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0122] In one embodiment, Ra5 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra5 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra5 is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra5 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0123] In one embodiment, Ra5 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is naphthyl. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra5 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra5 is substituted. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra5 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0124] In one embodiment, Ra5 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra5 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra5 is substituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra5 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0125] In one embodiment, Ra5 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra5 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra5 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra5 is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra5 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0126] In one embodiment, Ra5 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ra5 is substituted. In one embodiment, Ra5 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0127] In one embodiment, Ra6 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Ra6 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Ra6 is nitro. In one embodiment, Ra6 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rb1 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra6 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra6 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Ra6 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0128] In one embodiment, Ra6 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra6 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Ra6 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra6 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra6 is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Ra6 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0129] In one embodiment, Ra6 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra6 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra6 is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Ra6 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0130] In one embodiment, Ra6 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is naphthyl. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra6 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra6 is substituted. In one embodiment, the aryl in Ra6 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0131] In one embodiment, Ra6 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra6 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra6 is substituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Ra6 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0132] In one embodiment, Ra6 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ra6 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra6 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra6 is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Ra6 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0133] In one embodiment, Ra6 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ra6 is substituted. In one embodiment, Ra6 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0134] In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, the displayed Ra3, Ra4, Ra5, and Ra6 are not hydrogen.
[0135] In one embodiment, Ra4 and Ra6 are both hydrogen. In one embodiment, Ra3 and Ra5 are both halogen. In one embodiment, Ra3 and Ra5 are both fluorine. In one embodiment, Ra3 is hydrogen and Ra5 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Ra4 and Ra6 are both hydrogen, and Ra3 and Ra5 are both halogen. In one embodiment, Ra3, Ra4, and Ra6 are all hydrogen, and Ra5 is halogen. In one embodiment, Ra3, Ra4, and Ra6 are all hydrogen, and Ra5 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Ra3, Ra4, and Ra6 are all hydrogen, and Ra5 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra3, Ra4, and Ra6 are all hydrogen, and Ra5 is methoxy.
[0136] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (II-A) or (II-B) :
[0137] or a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0138] In one embodiment, Ring A is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is imidazole ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyrrole ring.
[0139] In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In these embodiments, *denotes the point of attachment to Y2.
[0140] In one embodiment, Ring A is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ring A is substituted. In one embodiment, Ring A is substituted with one or more halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0141] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (III-A) or (III-B) :
[0142] or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
[0143] Y4 is CRb4 or N; and
[0144] Rb4 is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted.
[0145] In one embodiment, Y1 is N. In one embodiment, Y1 is CRb1.
[0146] In one embodiment, Rb1 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rb1 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rb1 is nitro. In one embodiment, Rb1 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rb1 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C6 alkyl.
[0147] In one embodiment, Rb1 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C6 alkoxy.
[0148] In one embodiment, Rb1 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is cyclohexyl.
[0149] In one embodiment, Rb1 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is naphthyl.
[0150] In one embodiment, Rb1 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0151] In one embodiment, Rb1 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0152] In one embodiment, Rb1 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Rb1 is substituted. In one embodiment, Rb1 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0153] In one embodiment, Y2 is N. In one embodiment, Y2 is CRb2.
[0154] In one embodiment, Rb2 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rb2 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rb2 is nitro. In one embodiment, Rb2 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rb2 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C6 alkyl.
[0155] In one embodiment, Rb2 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C6 alkoxy.
[0156] In one embodiment, Rb2 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is cyclohexyl.
[0157] In one embodiment, Rb2 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is naphthyl.
[0158] In one embodiment, Rb2 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0159] In one embodiment, Rb2 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0160] In one embodiment, Rb2 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Rb2 is substituted. In one embodiment, Rb2 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0161] In one embodiment, Y3 is N. In one embodiment, Y3 is CRb3.
[0162] In one embodiment, Rb3 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rb3 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rb3 is nitro. In one embodiment, Rb3 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rb3 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C6 alkyl.
[0163] In one embodiment, Rb3 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C6 alkoxy.
[0164] In one embodiment, Rb3 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is cyclohexyl.
[0165] In one embodiment, Rb3 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is naphthyl.
[0166] In one embodiment, Rb3 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0167] In one embodiment, Rb3 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0168] In one embodiment, Rb3 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Rb3 is substituted. In one embodiment, Rb3 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0169] In one embodiment, Y1 is N, Y2 is CRb2, and Y3 is CRb3. In one embodiment, Y1 is CRb1, Y2 is CRb2, and Y3 is CRb3. In one embodiment, Y1 is N, Y2 is CRb2, and Y3 is N. In one embodiment, Y1 is N, Y2 is N, and Y3 is CRb3. In one embodiment, Y1 is N, Y2 is N, and Y3 is N. In one embodiment, Y1 is CRb1, Y2 is N, and Y3 is N.
[0170] In one embodiment, Y4 is N. In one embodiment, Y4 is CRb4.
[0171] In one embodiment, Rb4 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rb4 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rb4 is nitro. In one embodiment, Rb4 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rb4 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C6 alkyl.
[0172] In one embodiment, Rb4 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C6 alkoxy.
[0173] In one embodiment, Rb4 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is cyclohexyl.
[0174] In one embodiment, Rb4 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is naphthyl.
[0175] In one embodiment, Rb4 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0176] In one embodiment, Rb4 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0177] In one embodiment, Rb4 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Rb4 is substituted. In one embodiment, Rb4 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0178] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (IV-A) , (IV-B) , (IV-C) , (IV-D) , or (IV-E) :
[0179] or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0180] In one embodiment, Ring B is a 4 to 10-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 4 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5 to 7-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 7-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is an 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 9-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 10-membered heterocyclyl.
[0181] In one embodiment, Ring B comprises one or more ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, S and P. In one embodiment, Ring B comprises one or more ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S. In one embodiment, Ring B comprises only N as ring heteroatoms. In one embodiment, Ring B has one nitrogen atom on the ring. In one embodiment, Ring B has two nitrogen atoms on the ring. In one embodiment, Ring B comprises both N and O as ring heteroatoms. In one embodiment, Ring B comprises both N and S as ring heteroatoms. In one embodiment, Ring B comprises both N and P as ring heteroatoms.
[0182] In one embodiment, Ring B is a 4 to 10-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, and nitrogen is the only ring heteroatom on Ring B. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5 to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, and nitrogen is the only ring heteroatom on Ring B. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5 to 7-membered nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5 to 7-membered nitrogen-containing and sulfur-containing heterocyclyl.
[0183] In one embodiment, Ring B is azetidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is diazetidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is oxazetidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is thiazetidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is pyrrolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is pyrroline ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is pyrazolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is imidazolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is oxazolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted isoxazolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted thiazolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted isothiazolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted piperidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted piperazine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted hexahydropyridazine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted hexahydropyrimidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted triazinane ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted morpholine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted thiazinane ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted thiomorpholine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted oxazinane ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted azaphosphinane ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted azepane ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted diazepane ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted oxazepane ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted oxadiazepine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted thiazepine ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted thiadiazepane ring.
[0184] In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In one embodiment, Ring B is optionally substituted In these embodiments, *denotes the fused bond between ring A and Ring B.
[0185] In one embodiment, Ring B is wherein *denotes the fused bond between Ring A and Ring B.
[0186] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (V-A) , (V-B) , (V-C) , (V-D) , (V-E) , (V-F) , (V-G) , (V-H) , or (V-I) :
[0187] or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
[0188] Z is O, S, C (=O) , C (=S) , S (=O) 2, C (Rc) 2, C=C (Rc) 2, C (=NRc) , NRc, N (C=O) Rc, N (C=S) Rc, N (C=O) N (Rc) 2, N (C=S) N (Rc) 2, S (=O) (=NRc) , or P (=O) Rc;
[0189] each instance of Rc is independently hydrogen, halogen, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=O) NRdRe, NRd (C=O) Re, -OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, (C=S) Rd, S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2, P (=O) (ORd) (ORe) , C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C6-C10 aryl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) , or two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form a 3 to 8 membered ring, and wherein each alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl in Rc are independently optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, =NRd, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd(C=O) Re, (C=O) NRdRe, -OC (=O) Rd, -C (=O) ORd, -S (=O) 2Rd, S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2, and -P (=O) (ORd) (ORe) ;
[0190] each instance of Rd is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, or two Rd together with the atom they are attached to form a 3 to 8 membered ring;
[0191] Re is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl;
[0192] m is an integer from 0 to 8 as valency permits; and
[0193] each instance of R2 is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy, wherein the alkyl and alkoxy in R2 is independently optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, C2-C6 alkenyl or C2-C6 alkynyl.
[0194] In one embodiment, Ring B is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ring B is substituted. In one embodiment, Ring B is substituted with one or more Rc. In one embodiment, Ring B is substituted with one or more R2. In one embodiment, Ring B is substituted with two R2. In one embodiment, Ring B is substituted with three R2. In one embodiment, Ring B is substituted with both Rc and R2. In one embodiment, Ring B is substituted with one or more halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0195] In one embodiment, Z is O. In one embodiment, Z is S. In one embodiment, Z is C (=O) . In one embodiment, Z is C (=S) . In one embodiment, Z is S (=O) 2.
[0196] In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2. In one embodiment, Z is C=C (Rc) 2. In one embodiment, Z is C (=NRc) . In one embodiment, Z is NRc. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=S) Rc. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) N (Rc) 2. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=S) N (Rc) 2. In one embodiment, Z is S (=O) (=NRc) . In one embodiment, Z is P (=O) Rc.
[0197] In one embodiment, Rc is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rc is halogen. In one embodiment, Rc is ORd. In one embodiment, Rc is OH. In one embodiment, Rc is N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rc is NHRd. In one embodiment, Rc is (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rc is (C=O) NRdRe. In one embodiment, Rc is (C=O) NHRd. In one embodiment, Rc is NRd (C=O) Re. In one embodiment, Rc is NH (C=O) Re. In one embodiment, Rc is OC (=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rc is C (=O) ORd. In one embodiment, Rc is S (=O) 2Rd. In one embodiment, Rc is (C=S) Rd. In one embodiment, Rc is S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rc is S (=O) 2NHRd. In one embodiment, Rc is P (=O) (ORd) (ORe) .
[0198] In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is methyl. In one embodiment, Rc is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Rc is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Rc is substituted.
[0199] In one embodiment, Rc is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rc is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rc is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rc is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Rc is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl in Rc is substituted.
[0200] In one embodiment, Rc is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rc is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rc is phenyl. In one embodiment, Rc is naphthyl. In one embodiment, the aryl in Rc is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the aryl in Rc is substituted.
[0201] In one embodiment, Rc is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rc is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rc is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rc is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Rc is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl in Rc is substituted.
[0202] In one embodiment, Rc is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Rc is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in Rc is substituted.
[0203] In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C4-C6 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is -CH2- (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is -CH2CH2- (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C3 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C4 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C5 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclopropyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclobutyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclopentyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclohexyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or cycloalkyl in Rc is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or cycloalkyl in Rc is independently substituted.
[0204] In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C6-C10 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rc is -CH2- (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rc is -CH2CH2- (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C3 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C4 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C5 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C6 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or aryl in Rc is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or aryl in Rc is independently substituted.
[0205] In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is -CH2- (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is -CH2CH2- (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C3 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C4 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C5 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C6 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (4-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rc is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or heterocyclyl in Rc is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or heterocyclyl in Rc is independently substituted.
[0206] In one embodiment, two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form a 3 to 8 membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form a 3 to 6 membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form a 3-membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form a 4-membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form a 5-membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form a 6-membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form a C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, oxiran-2-yl, oxetan-2-yl, or oxetan-3-yl.
[0207] In one embodiment, Rc is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Rc is substituted. In one embodiment, each instance of Rc is independently substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, =NRd, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Re, (C=O) NRdRe, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2, and P (=O) (ORd) (ORe) .
[0208] In one embodiment, Rc is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, =NRd, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Re, (C=O) NRdRe, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2, and P (=O) (ORd) (ORe) .
[0209] In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C2-C6 alkenyl, and C2-C6 alkynyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more ORd. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more =NRd. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more (C=S) Rd. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more NRd (C=O) Re. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more (C=O) NRdRe. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more OC (=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more C (=O) ORd. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more S (=O) 2Rd. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more P (=O) (ORd) (ORe) .
[0210] In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and each Rc is independently C (=O) ORd. In one embodiment, Z is CH-C (=O) ORd.
[0211] In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and each Rc is independently S (=O) 2Rd. In one embodiment, Z is CH-S (=O) 2Rd.
[0212] In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and each Rc is independently (C=S) Rd. In one embodiment, Z is CH- (C=S) Rd.
[0213] In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and each Rc is independently S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Z is CH-S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Z is CH-S (=O) 2NHRd.
[0214] In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and each Rc is independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0215] In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and two Rc together with the carbon they are attached to form a C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and two Rc together with the carbon they are attached to form a 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and two Rc together with the carbon they are attached to form a 3 to 6-membered oxygen containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and two Rc together with the carbon they are attached to form a 4-membered oxygen containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and two Rc together with the carbon they are attached to form a 3-to 6-membered nitrogen containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Z is C (Rc) 2, and two Rc together with the carbon they are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, oxiran-2-yl, oxetan-2-yl, oxetan-3-yl, or azetidyl.
[0216] In one embodiment, Z is CHRc, and Rc is ORd. In one embodiment, Z is CHRc, and each Rc is OC (=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Z is CHRc, and Rc is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Z is CH2. In one embodiment, Z is CHF. In one embodiment, Z is CH-OH. In one embodiment, Z is CH-CH3. In one embodiment, Z is CH-OCH3. In one embodiment, Z is CCH3- (OCH3) . In one embodiment, Z is CF2. In one embodiment, Z is CF- (CH3) . In one embodiment, Z is C (OH) (CH3) .
[0217] In one embodiment, Z is NH. In one embodiment, Z is NRc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, NRd (C=O) Re, (C=O) NRdRe, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, or S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Z is NRc, and Rc is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Z is NRc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more ORd. In one embodiment, Z is NRc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Z is NRc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more NRd (C=O) Re. In one embodiment, Z is NRc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more (C=O) NHRd. In one embodiment, Z is NRc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more OC (=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Z is NRc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more C (=O) ORd. In one embodiment, Z is NRc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more S (=O) 2Rd. In one embodiment, Z is NRc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more S (=O) 2NHRd.
[0218] In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, NRd (C=O) Re, (C=O) NRdRe, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, or S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc, and Rc is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) CH3. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) CH2CH3. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more ORd. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more NRd (C=O) Re. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more (C=O) NHRd. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more OC (=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more C (=O) ORd. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more S (=O) 2Rd. In one embodiment, Z is N (C=O) Rc, and Rc is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more S (=O) 2NHRd.
[0219] In one embodiment, Rd is hydrogen.
[0220] In one embodiment, Rd is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is methyl. In one embodiment, Rd is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C6 alkyl.
[0221] In one embodiment, Rd is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is methoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is C6 alkoxy.
[0222] In one embodiment, Rd is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rd is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rd is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rd is cyclohexyl.
[0223] In one embodiment, Rd is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rd is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rd is phenyl. In one embodiment, Rd is naphthyl.
[0224] In one embodiment, Rd is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rd is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rd is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rd is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rd is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0225] In one embodiment, Rd is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rd is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rd is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rd is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rd is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rd is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rd is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0226] In one embodiment, two Rd together with the atom they are attached to form a 3 to 8 membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rd together with the atom they are attached to form a 3 to 6 membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rd together with the atom they are attached to form a 3-membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rd together with the atom they are attached to form a 4-membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rd together with the atom they are attached to form a 5-membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rd together with the atom they are attached to form a 6-membered ring. In one embodiment, two Rd together with the atom they are attached to form a C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, two Rd together with the atom they are attached to form a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl.
[0227] In one embodiment, Re is hydrogen.
[0228] In one embodiment, Re is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Re is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Re is methyl. In one embodiment, Re is ethyl. In one embodiment, Re is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Re is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Re is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Re is C6 alkyl.
[0229] In one embodiment, Re is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Re is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Re is methoxy. In one embodiment, Re is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Re is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Re is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Re is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Re is C6 alkoxy.
[0230] In one embodiment, Re is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Re is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Re is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Re is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Re is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Re is cyclohexyl.
[0231] In one embodiment, Re is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Re is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Re is phenyl. In one embodiment, Re is naphthyl.
[0232] In one embodiment, Re is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Re is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Re is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Re is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Re is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0233] In one embodiment, Re is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Re is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Re is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Re is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Re is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Re is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Re is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0234] In one embodiment, Re and Rd are both hydrogen. In one embodiment, Re is hydrogen and Rd is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is hydrogen and Re is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C1-C6 alkyl and Re is C1-C6 alkyl.
[0235] In one embodiment, the moiety is In one embodiment, the moiety is In one embodiment, the moiety is In one embodiment, the moiety is In one embodiment, the moiety is In one embodiment, the moiety is In these embodiments, *denotes the fused bond between ring A and Ring B.
[0236] In one embodiment, m is an integer from 0 to 6. In one embodiment, m is an integer from 0 to 3. In one embodiment, m is 0. In one embodiment, m is 1. In one embodiment, m is 3. In one embodiment, m is 4. In one embodiment, m is 5. In one embodiment, m is 6. In one embodiment, m is 7. In one embodiment, m is 8.
[0237] In one embodiment, R2 is absent. In one embodiment, R2 is halogen. In one embodiment, R2 is fluorine. In one embodiment, R2 is nitro. In one embodiment, R2 is cyano. In one embodiment, R2 is hydroxyl.
[0238] In one embodiment, R2 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R2 is methyl. In one embodiment, R2 is ethyl. In one embodiment, R2 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R2 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, R2 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, R2 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in R2 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in R2 is substituted with one or more with halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in R2 is substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0239] In one embodiment, R2 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R2 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R2 is methoxy. In one embodiment, R2 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, R2 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R2 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R2 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R2 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in R2 is substituted with one or more with halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in R2 is substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkyl.
[0240] In one embodiment, one of the R2 is halogen and one of the R2 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, one of the R2 is halogen and one of the R2 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, one of the R2 is halogen, and one of the R2 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, one of the R2 is hydroxyl and one of the R2 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, one of the R2 is hydroxyl, and one of the R2 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, two of the R2 are halogen and one of the R2 is C1-C6 alkyl.
[0241] In one embodiment, when the carbon connected to R2 is a chiral center, it has S-configuration. In one embodiment, when the carbon connected to R2 is a chiral center, it has R-configuration.
[0242] In one embodiment, R is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, R is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R is methyl. In one embodiment, R is ethyl. In one embodiment, R is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R is isopropyl. In one embodiment, R is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, R is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, R is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in R is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in R is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in R is substituted with one or more hydroxyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in R is substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0243] In one embodiment, R is C1-C6 haloalkyl. In one embodiment, R is C1-C3 haloalkyl. In one embodiment, R is methyl. In one embodiment, R is fluoromethyl. In one embodiment, R is difluoromethyl. In one embodiment, R is trifluoromethyl. In one embodiment, R is fluoroethyl. In one embodiment, R is difluoroethyl. In one embodiment, R is trifluoroethyl. In one embodiment, R is C3 haloalkyl. In one embodiment, R is C3 fluoroalkyl. In one embodiment, R is C4 haloalkyl. In one embodiment, R is C4 fluoroalkyl. In one embodiment, R is C5 haloalkyl. In one embodiment, R is C5 fluoroalkyl. In one embodiment, R is C6 haloalkyl. In one embodiment, R is C6 fluoroalkyl. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl in R is substituted. In one embodiment, the fluoroalkyl in R is substituted with one or more hydroxyl. In one embodiment, the fluoroalkyl in R is substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0244] In one embodiment, R is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R is methoxy. In one embodiment, R is ethoxy. In one embodiment, R is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in R is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in R is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in R is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0245] In one embodiment, R is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, R is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, R is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, R is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, R is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, R is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in R) is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0246] In one embodiment, R is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, R is a 3-to 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 4-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 5-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 3-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in R is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl in R is substituted with one or more halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0247] In one embodiment, R is oxiran-2-yl. In one embodiment, R is oxetan-2-yl. In one embodiment, R is oxetan-3-yl. In one embodiment, R is tetrahydrofuran-2-yl. In one embodiment, R is tetrahydrofuran-3-yl. In one embodiment, R is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl. In one embodiment, R is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl. In one embodiment, R is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl. In one embodiment, R is azetidinyl (e.g., 1-azetidinyl, or 3-azetidinyl) . In one embodiment, R is pyrrolidinyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-1-yl) . In one embodiment, R is piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-1-yl) . In one embodiment, R is piperazinyl (e.g., piperazin-1-yl, or 4- (C1-C6 alkyl) piperazin-1-yl) . In one embodiment, R is morpholinyl (e.g., 4-morpholinyl) .
[0248] In one embodiment, the carbon connected to R has S-configuration. In one embodiment, the carbon connected to R has R-configuration.
[0249] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are single enantiomers. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are single diastereoisomers. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are mixtures of enantiomers. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are mixtures of diastereoisomers. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are racemic compounds.
[0250] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess (ee) of at least about 50%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 80%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 90%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 95%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 97%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 99%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 99.5%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 99.9%.
[0251] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess (de) of at least about 50%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 80%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 90%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 95%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 97%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 99%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 99.5%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 99.9%.
[0252] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound in Table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0253] Table 1.
[0254] For any compound in Table 1 that shows a straight bond (--) at the chiral center at the carbon atom bearing the R group (e.g., CF3) , the corresponding enantiomers (e.g., R-enantiomer or S-enantiomer) and other stereoisomers are also specifically provided herein, even if the stereochemistry is not specifically displayed in the structure.
[0255] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are PI3Kα inhibitors that reduce the level of PI3Kα protein and / or inhibit or reduce at least one biological activity (e.g., enzymatic activity) of PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the expression level of the PI3Kαprotein is reduced by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%or 99%. In one embodiment, the biological activity of the PI3Kα protein is reduced by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%or 99%.
[0256] The ability of test compounds to act as inhibitors of PI3Kα may be demonstrated by assays known in the art. The activity of the compounds and compositions provided herein as PI3Kα inhibitors can be assayed in vitro, in vivo, or in a cell line. In vitro assays include assays that determine inhibition of the kinase. Alternate in vitro assays quantitate the ability of the inhibitor to bind to the protein kinase and can be measured either by radio labeling the compound prior to binding, isolating the compound / kinase complex and determining the amount of radio label bound, or by running a competition experiment where new compounds are incubated with the kinase bound to known radio ligands.
[0257] Potency of a PI3Kα inhibitor as provided herein can be determined by EC50 value. A compound with a lower EC50 value, as determined under substantially similar conditions, is a more potent inhibitor relative to a compound with a higher EC50 value. In some embodiments, the substantially similar conditions comprise determining a PI3Kα-dependent phosphorylation level, in vitro or in vivo (e.g., in tumor cells, A594 cells, U2OS cells, A431 cells, Ba / F3 cells, or 3T3 cells expressing a wild type PI3Kα, a mutant PI3Kα, or a fragment of any thereof) .
[0258] Potency of a PI3Kα inhibitor as provided herein can also be determined by IC50 value. A compound with a lower IC50 value, as determined under substantially similar conditions, is a more potent inhibitor relative to a compound with a higher IC50 value. In some embodiments, the substantially similar conditions comprise determining a PI3Kα-dependent phosphorylation level, in vitro or in vivo (e.g., in tumor cells, SKOV3, T47D, CAL33, BT20, HSC2, OAW42, NCI, HCC1954, NCIH1048, Detroit562, A594 cells, U2OS cells, A431 cells, A594 cells, U2OS cells, Ba / F3 cells, or 3T3 cells expressing a wild type PI3Kα, a mutant PI3Kα, or a fragment of any thereof) .
[0259] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to a PI3Kα protein with an affinity in the range of about 1 pM to about 100 μM, about 1 pM to about 1 μM, about 1 pM to about 500 nM, or about 1 pM to about 100 nM. In some embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to a PI3Kα protein with an affinity of about 100 nM to about 1 μM, about 100 nM to about 900 nM, about 100 nM to about 800 nM, about 100 nM to about 700 nM, about 100 nM to about 600 nM, about 100 nM to about 500 nM, about 100 nM to about 400 nM, about 100 nM to about 300 nM, about 100 nM to about 200 nM, about 200 nM to about 1 μM, about 300 nM to about 1 μM, about 400 nM to about 1 μM, about 500 nM to about 1 μM, about 600 nM to about 1 μM, about 700 nM to about 1 μM, about 800 nM to about 1 μM, about 900 nM to about 1 μM, about 100 nM, about 200 nM, about 300 nM, about 400 nM, about 500 nM, about 600 nM, about 700 nM, about 800 nM, or about 900 nM. In some embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to a PI3Kα protein with an affinity of about 1 nM to about 100 nM, about 1 nM to about 90 nM, about 1 nM to about 80 nM, about 1 nM to about 70 nM, about 1 nM to about 60 nM, about 1 nM to about 50 nM, about 1 nM to about 40 nM, about 1 nM to about 30 nM, about 1 nM to about 20 nM, about 1 nM to about 10 nM, about 10 nM to about 100 nM, about 20 nM to about 100 nM, about 30 nM to about 100 nM, about 40 nM to about 100 nM, about 50 nM to about 100 nM, about 60 nM to about 100 nM, about 70 nM to about 100 nM, about 80 nM to about 100 nM, about 90 nM to about 100 nM, about 1 nM, about 2 nM, about 3 nM, about 4 nM, about 5 nM, about 6 nM, about 7 nM, about 8 nM, about 9 nM, about 10 nM, about 20 nM, about 30 nM, about 40 nM, about 50 nM, about 60 nM, about 70 nM, about 80 nM, about 90 nM, or about 100 nM. In some embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to a PI3Kα protein with an affinity of less than about 1 μM, less than about 500 nM, less than about 100 nM, less than about 10 nM, or less than about 1 nM. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to a PI3Kα protein with an affinity of less than 1 nM. In one embodiment, the affinity is characterized by an IC50 value. In one embodiment, the affinity is characterized by an EC50 value. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein is wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein has one or more mutations, e.g., the mutations in Table 2.
[0260] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein exhibit selective inhibition of PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein selectively target PI3Kα over another isoform of PI3K (e.g., PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, or PI3Kγ) . In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein is capable of binding to the helical or kinase domain of PI3Kα. The helical or kinase domain of PI3Kα is known in the art (e.g. Zhao et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008, 105: 2652–2657) . In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to an allosteric site in the kinase domain. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein exhibits picomolar, nanomolar, or micromolar potency against a PI3Kα kinase with one or more mutations, with minimal activity against related kinases (e.g., wild type PI3Kα) . Inhibition of wild type PI3Kα can cause undesirable side effects (e.g., hyperglycemia and skin rashes) that can impact quality of life and compliance, or lead to dose limiting toxicities. See, e.g., Hanker, et al., Cancer Disc. 2019, 9 (4) : 482-491. Mutant-selective inhibitors may reduce the risk of such dose limiting toxicities, including hyperglycemia, observed with inhibitors of wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein exhibits higher inhibition of a mutant PI3Kα than wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein exhibit at least 1.5-fold, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 100-fold, 500-fold, or 1000-fold higher inhibition of a mutant PI3Kα than wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, a compound provided herein exhibits from about 2-fold to about 10-fold greater inhibition of PI3Kα containing one or more mutations as described herein relative to inhibition of wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, a compound provided herein exhibits from about 10-fold to about 100-fold greater inhibition of PI3Kα containing one or more mutations as described herein relative to inhibition of wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, a compound provided herein exhibits from about 100-fold to about 1000-fold greater inhibition of PI3Kα containing one or more mutations as described herein relative to inhibition of wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the mutant PI3Kα has one or more mutations, e.g., the mutations in Table 2.
[0261] The selectivity between wild type PI3Kα and PI3Kα containing one or more mutations as described herein can also be measured using in vitro assays such as surface plasmon resonance and fluorence-based binding assays, and cellular assays such as the levels of pAKT, a biomarker of PI3Kα activity, or proliferation assays where cell proliferation is dependent on mutant PI3Kα kinase activity.
[0262] METHODS OF USE
[0263] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating diseases or conditions by inhibiting a PI3Kα protein comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein.
[0264] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a PI3Kα-associated disease or disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein. In one embodiment, the disease or disorder is PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndromes (PROS) . In one embodiment, the disease or disorder is a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) .
[0265] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a cancer, comprising administering to a subject having the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein. In one embodiment, the cancer is a PI3Kα-associated cancer. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα-associated cancer has one or more mutations described in Table 2. In one embodiment, the method further comprises a step of diagnosing the subject as having a PI3Kα-associated cancer.
[0266] In one embodiment, the cancer is a hematological cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is a solid tumor. In one embodiment the cancer is breast cancer (including both HER2+ and HER2-breast cancer, ER+ breast cancer, and triple negative breast cancer) , colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphangioma, meningioma, head and neck squamous cell cancer (including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) , melanoma (including uveal melanoma) , kidney cancer, pancreatic neuroendocine neoplasms (pNETs) , stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer (including adenocarcinoma lung cancer and squamous cell lung carcinoma) , glioma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophagastric adenocarcinoma, or endometrial cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is head and neck cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, hematological cancer, thyroid cancer, colon cancer, or gastric cancer
[0267] In one embodiment, the cancer is head and neck cancer (e.g., head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) , or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) . In one embodiment, the cancer is brain cancer (e.g., glioblastoma) . In one embodiment, the cancer is breast cancer (e.g., triple negative breast cancer, ER-positive breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, or HER2-negative breast cancer) . In one embodiment, the cancer is ovarian cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is cervical cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is lung cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma lung cancer, and squamous cell lung carcinoma) . In one embodiment, the cancer is kidney cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is bladder cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is liver cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is sarcoma. In one embodiment, the cancer is a hematological cancer (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloma) . In one embodiment, the cancer is thyroid cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is colon cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is gastric cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is colorectal cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is endometrial cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is an advanced or metastatic.
[0268] In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with or has a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity, or level of any of the same. In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with or has a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene. In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with or has one or more mutations in the PIK3CA gene. In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with or has a dysregulation of a PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with or has one or more mutations in a PI3Kαprotein. In one embodiment, the mutation in a PI3Kα protein comprises one or more PI3Kαprotein substitutions, point mutations, and insertions. Non-limiting examples of PI3Kαprotein mutations (e.g. substitutions, insertions, or deletions) are described in Table 2.
[0269] In one embodiment, the dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity or level of any of the same, includes a splice variation in a PI3KαmRNA which results in an expressed protein that is an alternatively spliced variant of PI3Kαhaving at least one residue deleted (as compared to the wild type PI3Kα protein) resulting in a constitutive activity of a PI3Kα protein domain.
[0270] In one embodiment, the dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity or level of any of the same, includes at least one point mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the production of a PI3Kα protein that has one or more amino acid substitutions or insertions or deletions in a PIK3CA gene that results in the production of a PI3Kα protein that has one or more amino acids inserted or removed, as compared to the wild type PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the resulting mutant PI3Kα protein has increased activity, as compared to a wild type PI3Kα protein or a PI3Kα protein not including the same mutation. In one embodiment, the compounds described herein selectively inhibit the resulting mutant PI3Kα protein relative to a wild type PI3Kα protein or a PI3Kα protein not including the same mutation.
[0271] In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein mutation is E542A, E542G, E542K, E542Q, E542V, E545A, E545D, E545G, E545K, E545Q, M1043I, M1043L, M1043T, M1043V, H1047L, H1047Q, H1047R, H1047Y, or G1049R, or a combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein mutation is H1047X, where X is any amino acid. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein mutation is H1047R.
[0272] In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutation comprises a modification in a codon that encodes an amino acid substitution at a specific position selected from a group consisting of G118, C420, E542, E545, Q546, H1047, and any combination thereof, in the corresponding PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutation results in the translation of a PI3Kα protein having one or more mutations in the adaptor-binding domain (ABD) , C2 domain, helicase domain, or kinase domain. In one embodiment, the mutation is in Exon 7, Exon 9, or Exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein has a mutation in the helicase domain, for example, resulting from a mutation in Exon 7 or Exon 9 of the PIK3CA gene. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein has a mutation in the kinase domain, for example, resulting from a mutation in Exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein has mutations in both the helical domain and kinase domain. In one embodiment, the mutation is C420R. In one embodiment, the mutation is E542K, E545A, E545D, E545G, E545K, Q546E, or Q546R. In one embodiment, the mutation is H1047L, H1047R, or H1047Y. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutations and PI3Kα protein mutations are those described in Mangone et al., Clinics. 2012; 67 (11) : 1285-1290; Ligresti et al., Cell Cycle, 2009, 8 (9) : 1352–1358; Zhao et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008, 105: 2652–2657, the entirely of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0273] In one embodiment, a compound provided herein is used to treat a cancer, wherein the cancer is a PIK3CA mutant cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is colon cancer having one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of C311G, G317T, G323C, del332–334, G353A, G365A, C370A, T1035A, T1258C, G1357C, C1616G, A1625G, A1634G, G1635T, C1636A, A1637C, C1981A, G2702T, T2725C, T3022C, A3073G, C3074A, G3129T, C3139T, and A3140T in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutant cancer is glioblastomas having one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of T1132C, G1048C, A2102C, and G3145A in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutant cancer is gastric cancer having G2702T, or A3140G mutation in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutant cancer is lung cancer having G1633A mutation in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutant cancer is breast cancer having one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of C1241T, T1258C, del1352–1366, G1624A, G1633A, C1636G, A3140G, A3140T, G1624A, G1633A, A1634G, C3075T, A3140T, and A3140G in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutant cancers are those described in Ligresti et al., Cell Cycle, 2009, 8 (9) : 1352–1358, the entirely of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0274] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a PI3Kα-associated cancer in a subject comprising (a) diagnosing the cancer in the subject as a PI3Kα-associated cancer, and then (b) administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein to the subject. In one embodiment, the diagnosing of PI3Kα-associated cancer involves liquid biopsy. In one embodiment, the diagnosing of PI3Kα-associated cancer involves tumor biopsy. In one embodiment, the diagnosing of PI3Kα-associated cancer involves genetic testing (e.g. DNA sequencing) .
[0275] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a subject having a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene or PI3Kα protein by administering a compound provided herein to the subject. In one embodiment, the subject has been identified or diagnosed as having a cancer with a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene or a PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the subject has one or more mutations in the PIK3CA gene, or in the amino acid sequence of PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the subject has a tumor that is positive for a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene or a PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the subject has a tumor that is positive for a mutation in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the subject has a tumor that is positive for a mutation in the amino acid sequence of PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the one or more mutations in a PIK3CA gene can result, e.g., in the translation of an PI3Kα protein having one or more of the following amino acids: 542, 545, 1043, and 1047 and 1049. In one embodiment, PI3Kα protein has one or more mutations selected from the groups consisting of E542A, E542G, E542K, E542Q, E542V, E545A, E545D, E545G, E545K, E545Q, M1043I, M1043L, M1043T, M1043V, H1047L, H1047Q, H1047R, H1047Y, and G1049R. In one embodiment, the cancer with a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity or level of any of the same is determined using a regulatory agency-approved, e.g., FDA-approved, assay or kit. In one embodiment, the assay utilizes next generation sequencing, pyrosequencing, immunohistochemistry, or break apart FISH analysis. In one embodiment, the assay is a regulatory agency-approved assay, e.g., FDA-approved kit. In one embodiment, the assay is a liquid biopsy. In one embodiment, the biological sample to be used in a liquid biopsy includes, e.g., blood, plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, sputum, broncho-alveolar lavage, bile, lymphatic fluid, cyst fluid, stool, ascites, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, a liquid biopsy is used to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) . In one embodiment, a liquid biopsy is used to detect cell-free DNA. In one embodiment, cell-free DNA detected using a liquid biopsy is circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that is derived from tumor cells. In one embodiment, analysis of ctDNA (e.g., using sensitive detection techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) , traditional PCR, digital PCR, or microarray analysis) is used to identify dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or the expression or activity or level of any of the same. Additional assays are also known in the art.
[0276] In one embodiment, compounds provided herein are provided for use as a medicament or are provided for use in preparing a medicament, e.g., for the treatment of cancer. In some embodiment, compounds provided herein are provided for use in a method for the treatment of cancer.
[0277] In one embodiment, compounds provided herein are provided for use in a method for the treatment of diseases or conditions by inhibiting PI3Kα protein.
[0278] Exemplary sequence of human phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit isoform alpha (UniProtKB entry P42336) (SEQ ID NO: 1) is listed below.
[0279] Table 2. Exemplary mutations (substitutions / insertions / deletions) in the amino acid sequence of PI3Kα protein
[0280] PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS
[0281] Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0282] The pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered by various routes to mammals, including rodents and humans. In one embodiment, the administration is intranasal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intraarticular, intralesional, intratracheal, subcutaneous, or intradermal administration. In one embodiment, the administration is intravenous administration. In one embodiment, the administration is intramuscular administration.
[0283] In one embodiment, the administration is oral administration. In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is orally administered in an orally acceptable dosage form including capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions.
[0284] In one embodiment, compounds provided herein are administered to a mammal in the form of a raw chemical without any other components present. In one embodiment, compounds provided herein are administered to a mammal as part of a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound combined with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (see, for example, Gennaro, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy with Facts and Comparisons: Drugfacts Plus, 20th ed. (2003) ; Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 7th ed., Lippencott Williams and Wilkins (2004) ; Kibbe et al., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 3rd ed., Pharmaceutical Press (2000) ) . Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically suitable carriers include solids and / or liquids such as water, alcohol and glycerol. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and diluents include, but are not limited to buffers, preservatives, binders, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, wetting agents, antioxidants, flavorings, thickeners, coloring agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents and the like. Non-limiting examples of excipients and diluents also include sucrose, lactose, dextrose, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, water, methylhydroxy benzoate, propylhydroxy benzoate, talc, magnesium stearate and mineral oil.
[0285] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is prepared as liquid suspensions or solutions using a liquid, such as an oil, water, an alcohol, and combinations of these.
[0286] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is prepared as a sterile injectable, which may be aqueous or oleaginous suspensions. The suspension is formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents (e.g., Polysorbate) . In one embodiment, the sterile injectable formulation is a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a diluent or solvent. In one embodiment, sterile fixed oils are employed as a solvent or suspending medium. Pharmaceutically acceptable natural oils or fatty acids may also be used in the preparation of injectable formulations.
[0287] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
[0288] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Topical application for the lower intestinal tract is effected in a rectal suppository formulation or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used. For topical applications, the pharmaceutical compositions is formulated in a suitable ointment, lotion, or cream containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers.
[0289] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered ophthalmically and formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, or, solutions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with or without a preservative such as benzyl alkonium chloride. In one embodiment, for ophthalmic uses, the pharmaceutical compositions is formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum.
[0290] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such compositions are prepared according to techniques known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and / or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.
[0291] In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions to be used for in vivo administration can be sterile. In one embodiment, this is accomplished by filtration through, e.g., sterile filtration membranes.
[0292] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered to a patient that may experience the beneficial effects of a compound provided herein. In one embodiment, the patients are mammals, e.g., humans and companion animals. In one embodiment, the patient is a human.
[0293] In one embodiment, also provided herein are kits which comprise a compound provided herein (or a composition comprising a compound provided herein) packaged in a manner that facilitates their use to practice methods provided herein. In one embodiment, the kit includes a compound provided herein (or a composition comprising a compound provided herein) packaged in a container, such as a sealed vial, with a label affixed to the container or included in the kit that describes use of the compound or composition to practice the method provided herein. In one embodiment, the compound or composition is packaged in a unit dosage form. In one embodiment, the kit further includes a device suitable for administering the compound or composition according to the intended route of administration. In one embodiment, the kit comprises a compound provided herein, and instructions for administering the compound to a patient having cancer.
[0294] EXAMPLES
[0295] Methods for preparing the compounds provided herein are illustrated in the following examples. Unless otherwise noted, all starting materials were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification, or alternatively can be synthesized by a skilled person by using well-known methods.
[0296] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, when the stereochemical configuration for a chiral center in a compound provided herein is drawn stereo specifically (e.g., with widget and / or dash bonds) , either without additional designation or being designated “R” (or “ (R) ” ) or “S’ (or “ (S) ” ) , it means the mixture (s) was separated and absolute stereochemistry was known, or only one enantiomer was obtained and absolute stereochemistry was known. For some compounds, the stereochemical configuration at indicated centers has been designated as “*R” (first eluted from the column in case the column conditions of the separation are described in the synthesis protocol and when only one stereocenter present or indicated) or “*S” (second eluted from the column in case the column conditions of the separation are described in the synthesis protocol and when only one stereocenter present or indicated) when the absolute stereochemistry is undetermined (even if the bonds are drawn stereo specifically) although the compound itself has been isolated as a single stereoisomer and is enantiomerically pure. In case a compound designated as “*R” is converted into another compound, the “*R” indication of the resulting compound is derived from its starting material.
[0297] Preparation of intermediates
[0298] For intermediates that were used in a next reaction step as a crude or as a partially purified intermediate, in some cases no molar amounts are mentioned for such intermediate in the next reaction step or alternatively estimated molar amounts or theoretical molar amounts for such intermediate in the next reaction step are indicated in the reaction protocols described below.
[0299] Preparation of intermediate 1
[0300] To a solution of 1- (3, 5-difluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl) ethanone (22 g, 127.81 mmol) in DMF (200 mL) was added K2CO3 (35.33 g, 255.62 mmol) and 2- (trifluoromethyl) oxirane (15.75 g, 140.59 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (500 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (500 mL x 4) . The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous LiCl solution (500 mL) and aqueous NaCl solution (1000 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluents: A, petroleum ether; B, ethyl acetate, 0%B to 26%B in A) to afford intermediate 1 (17.33 g, 51.64 mmol, 40.40%yield) as a yellow liquid.
[0301] Preparation of intermediate 2
[0302] To a stirred solution of intermediate 1 (17.33 g, 60.98 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) was added DMP (38.80 g, 91.47 mmol, 28.34 mL) in portions at 0 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30 ℃ for 5 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was washed with saturated Na2S2O3 (200 mL x 2) and saturated NaHCO3 (200 mL x 2) and extracted with DCM (400 mL x 2) . The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A, petroleum ether; B, ethyl acetate, 0%B to 26%B in A) to afford intermediate 3 (15.66 g, 42.02 mmol, 68.90%yield) as a yellow liquid.
[0303] Preparation of intermediate 3
[0304] To a solution of intermediate 2 (15.66 g, 55.50 mmol) in Ac2O (200 mL) was added NaOAc (6.83 g, 83.25 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 3 hr. The reaction mixture was basified with saturated NaHCO3 to pH = 7 and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous NaCl 1000 mL, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A, petroleum ether; B, ethyl acetate, 0%B to 34%B in A) to afford intermediate 3 (11.82 g, 44.74 mmol, 80.61%yield) as a white solid.
[0305] Preparation of intermediate 4
[0306] To a solution of intermediate 3 (8.35 g, 31.62 mmol) in EtOH (120 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (10.99 g, 158.12 mmol) and sodium acetate (12.97 g, 158.12 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 6 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was diluted with H2O 200 mL and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous NaCl (200 mL x 2) and saturated NaHCO3 (200 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford intermediate 4 (9 g, crude) which was used into the next step without further purification.
[0307] Preparation of intermediate 5
[0308] To a solution of intermediate 4 (9 g, 31.62 mmol, crude) in EtOH (120 mL) was added NH4Cl (16.91 g, 316.20 mmol) and Zn (21.16 g, 323.60 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (500 mL) . Then, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was diluted with H2O 100 mL and extracted with EtOAc 200 mL (100 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous NaCl 100 mL, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A, petroleum ether; B, ethyl acetate, 0%B to 31%B in A) to afford intermediate 5 (4.73 g, 17.25 mmol, 54.55%yield) as a yellow oil.
[0309] Preparation of intermediate 5a &5b
[0310] The intermediate 5 (5 g, 18.85 mmol) was separated by chiral HPLC (separation condition: Column: IH-3.0 cm; Mobile Phase: Hex: EtOH = 75: 25, at 25 mL / min; Temp: 40 ℃; Wavelength: 254 nm) to afford intermediate 5a (2.0 g, yield: 40%, 100 %e. e. at RT = 4.221 min) as a white solid and intermediate 5b (2.0 g, yield: 40%, 100 %e. e. at RT = 5.629 min) as a white solid.
[0311] Preparation of intermediate 6
[0312] To a solution of intermediate 5 (85 mg, 0.32 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was added DIEA (0.10 mL, 0.64 mmol) and phenyl chloroformate (0.040 mL, 0.32 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was used for the next step without further purification.
[0313] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 6.
[0314] Preparation of intermediate 7
[0315] A suspension of 2-fluoro-5-nitroaniline (500 mg, 3.20 mmol) in pyrrolidin-3-ol (419 mg, 4.80 mmol) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with PE / EtOAc (3 / 1) to give intermediate 7 (600 mg, 2.69 mmol, 83.92%yield) as a red solid.
[0316] Preparation of intermediate 8
[0317] To a solution of intermediate 7 (300 mg, 1.34 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) and TFA (1.2 mL) was added peroxol (0.67 mL, 6.72 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 30 min. The reaction mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with NaHCO3 (100 mL) and brine (100 mL) . The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with DCM / MeOH (20 / 1) to give intermediate 8 (140 mg, 47%yield) .
[0318] Preparation of intermediate 9
[0319] To a solution of intermediate 8 (140 mg, 0.63 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added Pd / C 10% (60 mg) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 18 hr under H2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue as intermediate 9, which was used for the next step without further purification.
[0320] Preparation of intermediate 10
[0321] At r.t., to a solution of 2-chloro-3, 5-dinitropyridine (1.0 g, 4.9 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) were added tert-butyl 4-aminobutanoate hydrochloride (961.4 mg, 4.9 mmol) and TEA (4.09 mL, 29.4 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 6 hr under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc (20 ml X 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 10 (1.6 g, 99.8%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0322] Preparation of intermediate 11
[0323] To a solution of intermediate 10 (1.6 g, 4.9 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL) was added Pd / C 10% (400 mg) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 30 ℃ for 3 hr under hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to give intermediate 11 (1.3 g, 99.5%yield) as a crude product which was used in the next step without purification.
[0324] Preparation of intermediate 12
[0325] A solution of intermediate 11 (100 mg, 0.375 mmol) in 6 N HCl (4 mL) was stirred at 110 ℃ for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was basified with 1N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to pH 10 and extracted with dichloromethane and MeOH (10: 1) for three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane: methanol = 10: 1) to give intermediate 12 (15 mg, 22.9%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0326] Preparation of intermediate 13
[0327] At 0℃, to a solution of 2, 5-dibromopyridin-3-amine (1.5 g, 5.95 mmol) and morpholin-3-one (0.60 g, 5.95 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was added POCl3 (0.55 mL, 5.95 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was basified by NaOH (1 N) to pH = 7. The mixture was extracted with DCM (50 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with PE / EtOAc (3 / 1) to give intermediate 13 (1.9 g, 60%yield) .
[0328] Preparation of intermediate 14
[0329] To a solution of intermediate 13 (400 mg, 1.19 mmol) in DMSO (8 mL) were added Cs2CO3 (778 mg, 2.38 mmol) and CuI (22.7 mg, 0.119 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 110℃ for 1 hr under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was poured into water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed by brine (100 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with PE / EtOAc (1 / 1) to give intermediate 14 (190 mg, 62 %yield)
[0330] Preparation of intermediate 15
[0331] To a solution of intermediate 14 (260 mg, 1.02 mmol) and diphenylmethanimine (370 mg, 2.04 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) were added BINAP (127 mg, 0.20 mmol) , sodium 2-methylpropan-2-olate (196 mg, 2.04 mmol) and Pd2 (dba) 3 (93 mg, 0.10 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 3 hr under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with PE / EtOAc (1 / 1) and DCM / MeOH (2 / 1) to give intermediate 15 (300 mg, 82%yield) .
[0332] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 15.
[0333] Preparation of intermediate 16
[0334] To a solution of intermediate 15 (300 mg, 0.84 mmol) in THF (10 mL) were added H2O (1 mL) and HCl (4 mL) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 3 hr. The reaction was basified by NaOH (1 N) to pH = 10 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM / MeOH (10 / 1, 100 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified with DCM / MeOH (20 / 1) to give intermediate 16 (110 mg, 68%yield) .
[0335] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 16.
[0336] Preparation of intermediate 17
[0337] To a solution of 2-chloro-3, 5-dinitropyridine (1 g, 4.91 mmol) , tert-butyl 3-oxopiperazine-1-carboxylate (1.18 g, 5.90 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (3.20 g, 9.83 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) was added Pd (OAc) 2 (110 mg, 0.49 mmol) and Xantphos (284 mg, 0.49 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate =1: 1) to afford intermediate 17 (400 mg, 1.09 mmol, 22.16%) as a yellow oil.
[0338] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 17.
[0339] Preparation of intermediate 18
[0340] To a solution of intermediate 17 (200 mg, 0.54 mmol) in AcOH (2 mL) was added Fe powder (304 mg, 5.45 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 30 min under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled down to r.t. and adjusted pH to about 8 with NaHCO3 (aq) , and extracted with DCM for three times, The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give intermediate 18 (130 mg, crude) as a yellow oil.
[0341] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 18.
[0342] Preparation of intermediate 19
[0343] To a solution of intermediate 18 (130 mg, crude) in THF (10 mL) were added DIEA (116 mg, 0.90 mmol) and phenyl carbonochloridate (70 mg, 0.45 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 3 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was mixed with intermediate 5 (84 mg, 0.32 mmol) in pyridine (5 mL) at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 5 hr and concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate =1: 1 to EtOAc) to afford intermediate 19 (60 mg, 0.10 mmol, yield: 31%) as a yellow solid.
[0344] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 19.
[0345] Preparation of intermediate 33
[0346] To a solution of methyl 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine-3-carboxylate (1.0 g, 4.617 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added TEA (0.77 mL, 5.54 mmol) and 2-aminoethan-1-ol (0.33 mL, 5.54 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 3 hr under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled to r.t. and quenched with 30 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated to give intermediate 33 (crude, 1.1 g, 4.56 mmol, 98.77%) as a yellow solid, which was used in the next step without further purification.
[0347] Preparation of intermediate 34
[0348] To a solution of intermediate 33 (1.1 g, 4.56 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) and THF (10 mL) was added LiOH (1N, 13.68 mL, 13.68 mmol, aqueous solution) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 3 hr. The reaction was adjusted to pH = 5 and concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting suspension was filtered. The filter cake was washed with water and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 34 (crude, 750 mg, 3.30 mmol, 72.39%) as yellow solid, which was used for the next step without further purification.
[0349] Preparation of intermediate 35
[0350] To a solution of intermediate 34 (500 mg, 2.20 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) , was added TEA (0.612 mL, 4.40 mmol) and DPPA (0.57 mL, 2.64 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hr under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give intermediate 35 (220 mg, 0.98 mmol, 44.59%) as a yellow solid, which was used for the next step without further purification.
[0351] Preparation of intermediate 36
[0352] To a solution of intermediate 35 (220 mg, 0.98 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) was added PPh3 (386 mg, 1.47 mmol) and DIAD (0.29 mL, 1.47 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 hr under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate =1: 1) to afford intermediate 36 (130 mg, 0.631 mmol, 64.26%) as white solid.
[0353] Preparation of intermediate 37
[0354] To a solution of intermediate 36 (80 mg, 0.388 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) and water (10 mL) was added Zn powder (253.8 mg, 3.880 mmol) and NH4Cl (166 mg, 3.10 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hr under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled down to r.t. and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography (DCM: MeOH =10: 1) to give intermediate 37 (30 mg, 0.170 mmol, 43.88%) as a yellow oil.
[0355] Preparation of intermediate 38
[0356] To a solution of 5-bromo-1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2 g, 8.29 mmol) in THF (40 mL) were added BH3 (1N THF solution, 33.19 mL, 33.19 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The reaction was stirred at 55 ℃for 2 hr. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. 6N HCl was added to the reaction mixture and stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hr. The reaction mixture was extracted by ethyl acetate (20 mL) for three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford intermediate 38 (360 mg, 1.585 mmol, 19.11%) as a white solid.
[0357] Preparation of intermediate 39
[0358] To a solution of intermediate 38 (368 mg, 1.62 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) were added 18-Crown-6 (535.4 mg, 2.02 mmol) , KOH (113.6 mg, 2.02 mmol) , and (etheneselenonyl) benzene (174.3 mg, 0.81 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The reaction was diluted with DCM and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to afford intermediate 39 (154 mg, 0.608 mmol, 75.09%) as a white solid.
[0359] Preparation of intermediate 42
[0360] To a solution of 2-chloro-3, 5-dinitropyridine (400 mg, 1.96 mmol) , 2-oxa-7-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-6-one (305.17 mg, 2.162 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1280 mg, 3.93 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) was added Pd (OAc) 2 (88.24 mg, 0.393 mmol) and Xantphos (227.42 mg, 0.393 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate =1: 1) to afford intermediate 42 (30 mg, 0.107 mmol, 21.71%) as yellow oil.
[0361] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 42.
[0362] Preparation of intermediate 43
[0363] A mixture of intermediate 42 (130 mg, 0.42 mmol) and Fe (235 mg, 4.21 mmol) in AcOH (2 mL) was heated 110 ℃ for 10 min under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled down to r.t. and adjusted pH to about 8 with NaHCO3 (aq. ) and extracted with DCM three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give intermediate 43 (50 mg, 0.217 mmol, 51.49%) as a yellow oil.
[0364] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 43.
[0365] Preparation of intermediate 44
[0366] To a solution of 2, 5-dibromopyridin-3-amine (5.04 g, 20 mmol) and thiomorpholin-3-one (2.34 g, 20 mmol) in Toluene (50 mL) was added POCl3 (1.86 mL, 20.0 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was basified by NaOH (1 N) to pH = 7, diluted with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 44 (crude 4.2 g, 13.6 mmol, 68.49%) , which was used for the next step without further purification.
[0367] Preparation of intermediate 45
[0368] To a solution of intermediate 44 (61.32 mg, 0.2 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (130.3 mg, 0.40 mmol) and CuI (3.8 mg, 0.02 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 1 h under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was poured into water (100 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed by brine (100 mL x 3) . The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 45 (crude, 30 mg, 0.11 mmol, 55.52%) , which was used in the next step without further purification.
[0369] Preparation of intermediate 49
[0370] To a solution of pyrrolidin-2-one (1.57 mL, 20.363 mmol) in dry DMF (50 mL) was added NaH (977 mg, 24.4 mmol) at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 30 min before the addition of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitropyridine (4.5 g, 20.36 mmol) . After stirred at r.t. for 1 hr, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water (50 mL) for three times. The organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc = 20 : 1) to give intermediate 49 (3.1 g, 10.8 mmol, 53.22%) as white solid.
[0371] Preparation of intermediate 50
[0372] To a solution of intermediate 49 (3.1 g, 10.83 mmol) in AcOH (50 mL) was added Fe (6.05 g, 108.3 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 30 min under nitrogen atmosphere. AcOH was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in DCM (50 ml) . The mixture was basified to pH = 10 -11 with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution. The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (25 mL) for three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc in PE= 50%to 100%, then MeOH in EtOAc = 20%) to give intermediate 50 (2.5 g, 9.76 mmol, 90.09%) as a yellow solid.
[0373] Preparation of intermediate 51
[0374] To a solution of intermediate 50 (1.0 g, 3.90 mmol) in DCM (1.5 mL) was added TEA (2.17 mL, 15.6 mmol) and Tetrachlorosilane (2.17 mL, 15.6 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 1 min under microwave condition. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NaHCO3 solution and extracted with dichloromethane (25 mL) for three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc = 1: 1) to give intermediate 51 (188 mg, 0.790 mmol, 20.22%) as a yellow solid.
[0375] Preparation of intermediate 52
[0376] To a solution of intermediate 51 (140 mg, 0.58 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) were added tert-butyl carbamate (0.122 mL, 1.17 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (53.8 mg, 0.059 mmol) , Xantphos (68.05 mg, 0.118 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (383.1 mg, 1.176 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 h in microwave. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (DCM / MeOH = 10: 1) to give intermediate 52 (100 mg, 0.365 mmol, 61.99%) as a yellow solid.
[0377] Preparation of intermediate 53
[0378] To a solution of intermediate 52 (44 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added 1M HCl / EtOAc (1 mL) at 0 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give intermediate 53 (HCl salt, 20 mg, 0.095 mmol, 59.19%) as a yellow solid.
[0379] Preparation of intermediate 54
[0380] To a solution of 5-bromo-2-fluoropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (1 g, 4.54 mmol) in DMSO (10 mL) was added DIEA (0.75 mL, 4.54 mmol) and 3-aminopropan-1-ol (0.38 mL, 5.0 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled down to r.t. and diluted with 30 mL of water and adjusted pH to 5 with 1 N of HCl. The resulting mixture was filtered and concentrated to give intermediate 54 (crude, 900 mg, 3.27 mmol, 71.9%) as a white solid.
[0381] Preparation of intermediate 55
[0382] To a solution of intermediate 54 (600 mg, 2.18 mmol) in Toluene (20 mL) , were added TEA (0.606 mL, 4.362 mmol) and DPPA (0.56 mL, 2.617 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 2 hr under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled down to rt and extracted with EtOAc three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give intermediate 55 (crude, 300 mg, 1.103 mmol, 50.55%) as a yellow solid.
[0383] Preparation of intermediate 56
[0384] To a solution of intermediate 55 (300 mg, 1.10 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added PPh3 (578 mg, 2.20 mmol) and DIAD (0.32 mL, 1.65 mmol) . The mixture was at r.t. for 1 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate =1: 1) to afford intermediate 56 (180 mg, 0.708 mmol, 64.25%) as white solid.
[0385] Preparation of intermediate 61
[0386] To a solution of 2-chloro-3, 5-dinitropyridine (2 g, 9.82 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) was added hydrogen methyl 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate chloride (2.50 g, 14.7 mmol) and DIEA (8.12 mL, 49.13 mmol) . The reaction mixture was heated up to 70 ℃ and stirred for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc / PE = 0-30 %) to give intermediate 61 (2.1 g, 6.99 mmol, 71.18%) as a yellow solid.
[0387] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 61.
[0388] Preparation of intermediate 62
[0389] To a solution of intermediate 61 (2.1 g, 6.99 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) was added Pd / C 10% (0.97 g) . The reaction was backfilled with H2 for three times and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrated was concentrated under pressure to give intermediate 62 as a crude product, which was used in next step without further purification.
[0390] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 62.
[0391] Preparation of intermediate 63
[0392] A solution of intermediate 62 (200 mg, 0.83 mmol) in conc. HCl (5 mL) was heated to 85 ℃ and stirred for 18 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash (DCM / MeOH = 0-10 %) to give intermediate 63 (50 mg, 0.263 mmol, 31.58%) as a yellow oil.
[0393] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 63.
[0394] Preparation of Compounds
[0395] Preparation of Compound 1
[0396] To a solution of intermediate 6 (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added intermediate 12 (48 mg, 0.28 mmol) and DIEA (100 mg, 0.77 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC (Column: Xbridge C18 SN. 315 (5 μm 19 *150 mm) , Mobile Phase A: Water (0.1 %NH4HCO3) , Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile, UV: 214 nm, Flow rate: 15 mL / min, Gradient: 25 -70 % (%B) ) to afford Compound 1 (76.2 mg, 0.164 mmol, 63.08%) as a white solid.
[0397] The following compounds were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for Compound 1.
[0398] Preparation of Compound 5
[0399] To a solution of intermediate 16 (60 mg, 0.32 mmol) in pyridine (6 mL) was added intermediate 6 (121 mg, 0.32 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (Column: Sunfire C18 (5 μm 19 *150 mm) , 16 min-10%-55%B, A: H2O (0.1 %NH4HCO3) , B: ACN, UV: 214 nm, Flow rate: 15 mL / min, GT 9 min) to give Compound 5 (50.0 mg, yield: 32.54%) as a white solid.
[0400] Preparation of Compound 6
[0401] To a solution of intermediate 16 (30 mg, 0.16 mmol) in pyridine (6 mL) was added intermediate 6a (61 mg, 0.16 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (Column: Sunfire C18 (5 μm 19 *150 mm) , 16 min-10%-55%B, A: H2O (0.1 %NH4HCO3) , B: ACN, UV: 214 nm, Flow rate: 15 mL / min, GT 9 min) to afford Compound 6 (19.1 mg, yield: 24.76%) as a white solid.
[0402] Preparation of Compound 7
[0403] To a solution of intermediate 6b (80 mg, crude) in DMF (5 mL) were added DIEA (81 mg, 0.62 mmol) and intermediate 16 (40 mg, 0.21 mmol) at 0 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 5 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (GiLSON-xbrige C18 (5 μm 19 *150 mm) , Mobile Phase A: Water (0.1%NH4HCO3) , Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile, UV: 214 nm, Flowrate: 15 mL / min, Temperature: rt, Gradient: 30 -70 % (%B) ) to afford Compound 7 (51 mg, yield: 51.02%) as a white solid.
[0404] The following Compounds were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for Compound 7.
[0405] Preparation of Compound 8
[0406] To a solution of intermediate 20 (60 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added dioxane (HCl) (2 mL, 4 M) , the reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hr. The mixture was concentrated to afford Compound 8 (30 mg, 0.06 mmol, yield: 60%, HCl salt) as yellow solid.
[0407] Preparation of Compound 9
[0408] To a solution of intermediate 19 (60 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added dioxane (HCl) (2 mL, 4 M) , the reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hr. The mixture was concentrated to give an intermediate which was dissolved in DCM (5 mL) and added TEA (19 mg, 0.19 mmol) and acetyl chloride (6 mg, 0.07 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (GiLSON-xbridge C18 (5 μm 19 *150 mm) , Mobile Phase A: Water (0.1%NH4HCO3) , Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile, UV: 214 nm, Flowrate: 15 mL / min, Temperature: rt, Gradient: 20 -70 % (%B) ) to afford Compound 9 (15 mg) as a white solid.
[0409] Preparation of Compound 20b
[0410] To a solution of intermediate 48 (20 mg, 0.040 mmol) in acetone (10 mL) and H2O (5 mL) was added Oxone, monopersulfate (49.4 mg, 0.080 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was concentrated and purified by C18 (water: acetonitrile: ammonia from 0 to 100%) to give Compound 20b (3 mg, 0.006 mmol, 14.09%) as a white solid.
[0411] LCMS (Liquid chromatography / Mass spectrometry)
[0412] General procedure
[0413] The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) measurement was performed using a LC pump, a diode-array (DAD) or a UV detector and a column as specified in the respective methods. Flow from the column was brought to the Mass Spectrometer (MS) which was configured with an atmospheric pressure ion source. It is within the knowledge of the skilled person to set the tune parameters (e.g., scanning range, dwell time…) in order to obtain ions to allow the identification of the compound’s nominal monoisotopic molecular weight (MW) . Data acquisition was performed with appropriate software.
[0414] Compounds are described by their experimental retention times (Rt) and ions. If not specified differently in the table of data, the reported molecular ion corresponds to the [M+H] + (protonated molecule) and / or [M-H] - (deprotonated molecule) . All results were obtained with experimental uncertainties that are commonly associated with the method used. Method 1
[0415] Mobile phase: Ramp from 30%ACN (0.018%TFA) in water (0.037%TFA) to 90%ACN in 2.00 min, Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; then ramp from 90%ACN in water to 100%ACN in 1.70 min. Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; return to 30%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃ and detector wavelength from 210 nm to 265 nm. The column is of EVO C18 4.6 x 50 mm, 5 μm.
[0416] Method 2
[0417] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 2.40 min, Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.30 minutes. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; return back to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃. The column is of EVO C18 4.6x50mm, 5 μm.
[0418] Method 3
[0419] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 3.20 min, Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.30 minutes. Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃. The column is of EVO C18 4.6 x 50 mm, 5 μm.
[0420] Method 4
[0421] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN in water (0.025%NH3·H2O) to 95%ACN in 3.00 min, Flow rate is set at 0.6 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.70 minutes Flow rate is set at 0.6 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 1.2 mL / min. Column temperature at 40℃ and detector wavelength from 210 nm to 265 nm. The column is XBridge C18 2.1 x 30 mm, 3.5 μm.
[0422] Method 5
[0423] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 4.8 min, Flow rate is set at 0.6 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.60 minutes. Flow rate is set at 1.0 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.60 min. Flow rate is set at 1.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50 ℃. The column is Kinetex EVO C18 2.1*50mm, 1.7 μm.
[0424] Method 6
[0425] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 3.20 min, Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.30 minutes. Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃. The column is of EVO C18 4.6 x50 mm, 5 μm.
[0426] Method 7
[0427] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 2.40 min, Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.30 minutes Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50 ℃. The column is of EVO C18 4.6 x 50 mm, 5 μm.
[0428] Method 8
[0429] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 3.20 min, Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.30 minutes. Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50 ℃. The column is of EVO C18 4.6 x 50 mm, 5 μm.
[0430] Method 9
[0431] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.018%TFA) in water (0.037%TFA) to 95%ACN in 3.0 min, Flow rate is set at 1.0 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.60 minutes. Flow rate is set from 1.0 mL / min to 1.5 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.40 min. Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃. The column is of Shim-pack Velox SP-C18 3.0 x 30 mm, 2.7 μm.
[0432] Method 10
[0433] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN in water (0.025%NH3·H2O) to 95%ACN in 2.60 min, Flow rate is set at 0.6 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.25 minutes. Flow rate is set at 0.8 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.15 min. Flow rate is set at 1.2 mL / min. Column temperature at 40℃ and detector wavelength from 210 nm to 265 nm. The column is of XBridge C18 2.1 x 30 mm, 3.5 μm.
[0434] Method 11
[0435] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in water in 0.60 min, Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.18 minutes. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; return back to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.02 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃. The column is of EVO C18 2.1 x 30 mm, 5 μm.
[0436] Method 12
[0437] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN in water (0.025%NH3·H2O) to 95%ACN in 3.00 min, Flow rate is set at 0.9 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.70 minutes. Flow rate is set at 0.9 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 1.2 mL / min. Column temperature at 40℃ and detector wavelength from 210 nm to 265 nm. The column is of XBridge C18 3.0 x 50 mm, 5 μm.
[0438] Analytical data
[0439] The LCMS analytical information listed in Table 3 below.
[0440] Table 3
[0441] NMR Methods:
[0442] NMR experiments were carried out using a Bruker Advance III 400 spectrometer at ambient temperature (298.6 K) , using internal deuterium lock, and equipped with BBO 400 MHz S1 5 mm probe head with z gradients and operating at 400 MHz for the proton and 100 MHz for carbon. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million (ppm) . J values are expressed in Hz.
[0443] The NMR analytical information in the Tables below.
[0444] Biochemical PI3Kα (PIK3CA / PIK3R1) kinase assay
[0445] PI3Kα kinase activity and the determination of inhibitors IC50 was determined by ADP-GloTM Kinase Assay (V9102, Promega) . Recombinant, Full length human PI3Kαwild-type or H1047R mutant protein were purchased as 1: 1 complex of N-terminal 6x his-tagged PIK3CA (p110α, catalytic subunit) and untagged PIK3R1 (p85α, regulatory subunit) from Viva Biotech. L-α-phosphatidylinositol from Glycine max (Soy PI, Cat. L130328) was used for the lipid substrate by dissolving in the ddH2O to a final concentration of 1 mM. 10 mM stock compounds in DMSO were serially diluted as 1: 4 ratio to generate a 12-point then dispensed into 384-well low volume plate (Cat. 784076, Greiner) using liquid handler system (mosquito LV, SPT Labtech) . The kinase buffer was prepared in 50 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT, and 0.015%Brij-35.5 nM PI3Kα proteins plus 2 μM Soy PI were pre-incubated with compounds in plate at RT for 30 min. After the pre-incubation, the reaction was initiated by adding a final concentration of 100 μM ATP for 2 h. After that time, an equal volume of ADP-Glo reagent was added to stop the reaction and deplete the remaining ATP at RT for 1 h. Then, an equal volume of detection reagent was added to the mixture for 1 h, to achieve a simultaneous reaction of conversion of remaining ADP to ATP and consumption of newly synthesized ATP by the luciferase reaction. After the reaction, generated luminescence was measured by a microplate reader (VICTOR PerkinElmer) with 500 ms integration time. All of measured IC50 values were analyzed in GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 (La Jolla California USA, www. graphpad. com) using four parameters dose-response inhibition model.
[0446] PI3Kα (PIK3CA) activity in vitro cell based assay
[0447] The human breast cancer cells T-47D with PICKCA mutation H1047R were maintained in RPMI 1640 (Gibco, 11875093) supplemented with 10%Fetal Bovine Serum, heat inactivated (Invitrogen, 10091-148) . Cultures were maintained in a humidified incubator at 37℃ under 5%CO2 / 95%air. For compound testing, T-47D cells were seeded at a density of 2x10E4 cells per well in 96-well plates in 100 μL of RPMI 1640 Media with 0.1%FBS, incubated overnight. Compounds dissolved in 10 mM stock solutions in DMSO were serially diluted 1: 5 in DMSO to generate a 10-point dilution series. To initiate compounds treatment, the supernatant of cells was aspirated from 96-well plate, and 100 μL dilution series of compounds in RPMI 1640 Media with 0.1%FBS were added to the cell plate to final concentrations ranging from 20 μM to 0.0000102 μM in 0.2%DMSO. 0.2%DMSO alone was used to establish the maximum (MAX) signal and Alpelisib was used as a reference compound. After 1 hour treatment, the medium was removed, and the cells lysed in 40 μL of freshly prepared 1 x Lysis Buffer with shaking (~350 rpm) for 20 minutes at room temperature. Then 10 μL of the lysate were transferred to a 384-well OptiplateTM for AlphaLisa assay with phospho-AKT (1 / 2 / 3) AlphaLISA kit (PerkinElmer, ALSU-PAKT-B10K) . The Acceptor Mix (Reaction Buffer 1 + Reaction Buffer 2 + Activation Buffer +AlphaLISA CaptSure Acceptor Beads) was prepared by diluting Activation buffer 25-fold in combined Reaction Buffer 1 and Reaction Buffer 2. The Acceptor beads were diluted 50-fold in the combined Reaction Buffers. 2.5 μL of Acceptor Mix was added to each well, the plate was sealed and covered with foil and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. The Donor Mix (Dilution Buffer + Alpha Streptavidin Donor Beads) was prepared by diluting Donor Beads 50-fold in dilution buffer. 2.5 μL of the Donor Mix was added to each well and the plate sealed and covered with foil and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature in the dark. The plates were read on a Spark multimode plate reader instrument from Tecan using standard AlphaLisa settings.
[0448] Cell proliferation assay
[0449] The human breast cancer cells with PI3KCA mutations, T-47D (PI3KCA H1047R / WT) , MDA-MB-453 (PI3KCA H1047R / WT) , were employed to test the activity of compounds on cell proliferation. The breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3, with wild-type PI3KCA, was used as control cell line. The T-47D, MDA-MB-453 and SK-BR3 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 (Gibco, 11875093) , DMEM (Gibco, 11965092) or McCoy's 5A (Gibco, 16600082) medium respectively, supplemented with 10%Fetal Bovine Serum, heat inactivated (Invitrogen, 10091-148) . Cultures were maintained in a humidified incubator at 37℃ under 5%CO2 / 95%air. To investigate the effect of various compounds on cell growth, T-47D, MDA-MB-453 or SK-BR-3 cells were seeded at a density of 500 cells per well in 384-well plates in 40 μL of growth medium. The plate was then incubated at 37℃ with 5%CO2 for adhesion. Once the cells adhered to the plate, compounds at a 2X top concentration (20 μM) were prepared in growth medium and 40 μL of the compound solution was added to each well, then the plate was incubated at 37℃ for 5 days. On the fourth day, 1 / 10th volume of (10×) Alamar blue reagent (Thermo, A50100) was added directly to cells in culture medium, and the plate was incubated overnight at 37℃ with 5%CO2. Fluorescence was measured by plate reader (Perkin Elmer Victor Nivo 5F) using an excitation wavelength of 560 nm and an emission wavelength of 590 nm.
[0450] Biological Data
[0451] The biological activities of certain compounds using the assays described above are shown in Table 4. For PI3Kα ADP-Glo IC50 (nM) : A denotes < 20 nM; B denotes 20 nM ≤ IC50 < 50 nM; C denotes 50 nM ≤ IC50 < 100 nM; D denotes IC50 ≥ 100 nM. For T47D p-AKT IC50 (nM) : A denotes < 20 nM; B denotes 20 nM ≤ IC50 < 50 nM; C denotes 50 nM ≤ IC50 < 100 nM; D denotes IC50 ≥ 100 nM. For T47D anti-proliferation IC50 (nM) and MB-453 anti-proliferation IC50 (nM) : A denotes < 100 nM; B denotes 100 nM ≤ IC50 < 500 nM; C denotes 500 nM ≤ IC50 < 1000 nM; D denotes IC50 ≥ 1000 nM.
[0452] Table 4
[0453] The embodiments described above are intended to be merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art will recognize, or will be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents of specific compounds, materials, and procedures. All such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of the invention and are encompassed by the appended claims.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula (I-A) or (I-B) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:X1 is CRa1 or N;X2 is NRa2, O, or S;Y1 is CRb1 or N;Y2 is CRb2 or N;Y3 is CRb3 or N;Ra1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy, and wherein the alkyl and alkoxy are optionally substituted;Ra2 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, and wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted;Ra3, Ra4, Ra5, and Ra6 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted;Rb1, Rb2, and Rb3 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted;R is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted;Ring A is an optionally substituted 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl; andRing B is an optionally substituted 4 to 10-membered heterocyclyl.2.The compound of claim 1, wherein X1 is CRa1.3.The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein X2 is O or S.4.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein Ra4 is hydrogen.5.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein Ra6 is hydrogen.6.The compound of claim 1, which is a compound of Formula (II-A) or (II-B) : or a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.7.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein Ring A is 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl.8.The compound of claim 7, wherein Ring A is imidazole ring or pyrrole ring.9.The compound of claim 7, wherein is or wherein is wherein *denotes the point of attachment to Y2.10.The compound of claim 1, which is a compound of Formula (III-A) or (III-B) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:Y4 is CRb4 or N; andRb4 is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted.11.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein Y1 is CRb1.12.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein Y1 is N.13.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein Y2 is N.14.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein Y2 is CRb2.15.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein Y3 is CRb3.16.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein Y3 is N.17.The compound of claim 10, which is a compound of Formula (IV-A) , (IV-B) , (IV-C) , (IV-D) , or (IV-E) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.18.The compound of any one of claims 10 to 17, wherein Y4 is N.19.The compound of any one of claims 10 to 17, wherein Y4 is CRb4.20.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein Ring B is an optionally substituted 5 to 7-membered heterocyclyl.21.The compound of claim 20, wherein Ring B comprises one or more ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, S and P.22.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein Ring B is azetidine ring, diazetidine ring, oxazetidine ring, thiazetidine ring, pyrrolidine ring, pyrroline ring, pyrazolidine ring, imidazolidine ring, oxazolidine ring, isoxazolidine ring, thiazolidine ring, isothiazolidine ring, piperidine ring, piperazine ring, hexahydropyridazine ring, hexahydropyrimidine ring, triazinane ring, morpholine ring, thiazinane ring, thiomorpholine ring, oxazinane ring, azaphosphinane ring, azepane ring, diazepane ring, oxazepane ring, oxadiazepine ring, thiazepine ring, or thiadiazepane ring, wherein Ring B is optionally substituted.23.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein Ring B is wherein *denotes the fused bond between Ring A and Ring B, and wherein Ring B is optionally substituted.24.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein Ring B is wherein *denotes the fused bond between Ring A and Ring B.25.The compound of claim 1, which is a compound of Formula (V-A) , (V-B) , (V-C) , (V-D) , (V-E) , (V-F) , (V-G) , (V-H) , or (V-I) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:Z is O, S, C (=O) , C (=S) , S (=O) 2, C (Rc) 2, C=C (Rc) 2, C (=NRc) , NRc, N (C=O) Rc, N (C=S) Rc, N (C=O) N (Rc) 2, N (C=S) N (Rc) 2, S (=O) (=NRc) , or P (=O) Rc;each instance of Rc is independently hydrogen, halogen, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=O) NRdRe, NRd (C=O) Re, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, (C=S) Rd, S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2, P (=O) (ORd) (ORe) , C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C6-C10 aryl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) , or two Rc together with the atom they are attached to form a 3 to 8 membered ring, and wherein each alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl in Rc are independently optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, =NRd, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Re, (C=O) NRdRe, -OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2, and P (=O) (ORd) (ORe) ;each instance of Rd is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, or two Rd together with the atom they are attached to form a 3 to 8 membered ring;Re is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl;m is an integer from 0 to 8 as valency permits; andeach instance of R2 is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy, wherein the alkyl and alkoxy in R2 is independently optionally substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl.26.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein Ring B is unsubstituted.27.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein Ring B is substituted.28.The compound of claim 27, wherein Ring B is substituted with one or more Rc or R2.29.The compound of any one of claims 25 to 28, wherein Z is O, S, or SO2.30.The compound of any one of claims 25 to 28, wherein Z is C (Rc) 2.31.The compound of claim 30, wherein each instance of Rc is independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy, or two Rc together with the carbon they are attached to form a C3-C6 cycloalkyl or 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl.32.The compound of claim 30 or 31, wherein one Rc is hydrogen, and the other Rc is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C3 alkoxy.33.The compound of any one of claims 25 to 28, wherein Z is NRc or N (C=O) Rc.34.The compound of claim 33, wherein Rc is C1-C6 alkyl, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, NRd (C=O) Re, (C=O) NRdRe, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, or S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2.35.The compound of claim 34, wherein Rd is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, and Re is C1-C6 alkyl.36.The compound of any one of claims 25 to 35, wherein is wherein *denotes the fused bond between ring A and Ring B.37.The compound of any one of claims 25 to 36, wherein each instance of R2 is independently hydroxyl, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C3 alkoxy.38.The compound of any one of claims 25 to 36, wherein m is 0 or 1.39.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein Ra1 is C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy.40.The compound of claim 39, wherein Ra1 is methyl or methoxy.41.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein Ra3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.42.The compound of claim 41, wherein Ra3 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, or methoxy.43.The compound of claim any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein Ra5 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.44.The compound of claim 43, wherein Ra5 is fluorine.45.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein Ra1 is methyl, Ra3 is fluorine, and Ra5 is fluorine.46.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 45, wherein Rb1 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.47.The compound of claim 46, wherein Rb1 is hydrogen.48.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein Rb2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.49.The compound of claim 46, wherein Rb2 is hydrogen.50.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein Rb3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.51.The compound of claim 50, wherein Rb3 is hydrogen.52.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 51, wherein R is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl.53.The compound of claim 52, wherein R is trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, oxiran-2-yl, oxetan-2-yl, oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, or tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl.54.The compound of claim 52, wherein R is trifluoromethyl.55.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 54, wherein the carbon connected to R has S-configuration.56.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 54, wherein the carbon connected to R has R-configuration.57.A compound in Table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.58.A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a compound of any one of claims 1 to 57 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.59.A method of treating a cancer, comprising administering to a subject having the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 57 or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 58.60.The method of claim 59, wherein the cancer is a PI3Kα-associated cancer.61.The method of claim 59 or 60, wherein the cancer is head and neck cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, hematological cancer, thyroid cancer, colon cancer, or gastric cancer.62.The method of claim 61, wherein the cancer is breast cancer.63.The method of any one of claims 59 to 62, wherein the subject has one or more mutations in the PIK3CA gene, or in the amino acid sequence of PI3Kα protein.64.The method of claim 63, wherein the mutation is in Exon 7, Exon 9, or Exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene.65.The method of claim 63, wherein the mutation is C420R, E542K, E545A, E545D, E545G, E545K, Q546E, Q546R, H1047L, H1047R, or H1047Y.66.The method of any one of claims 59 to 65, further comprising a step of diagnosing the subject as having a PI3Kα-associated cancer.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Urea derivatives which can be used to treat cancer
WO2022265993A1
Cited By
Ras inhibitors
WO2025240847A1
Methods of treating a ras protein-related disease or disorder
WO2025255438A1
Therapeutic compositions and methods for managing treatment-related effects
WO2025265060A1
Ras inhibitors
WO2026006747A1
Methods of treating a ras related disease or disorder
WO2026015790A1