Smart firing attachment

Abstract

A smart firing attachment (1, 1A, 1B) couples to a weapon (50), intended to fire projectiles, via one end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50). The attachment has a body (2) produced in the form of a hollow tube extending longitudinally along a longitudinal axis (XX') coaxial with a bore axis (TT') of the barrel. The body (2) includes a middle zone, a rear zone and a front zone, and defines a firing attachment chamber (2A) in the middle zone, the rear zone and the front zone closing the body (2). The rear zone has a removable rear part (3) in the form of a tube portion provided with a locking element (4) for locking on the end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50), such that a muzzle (54) of the weapon (50) is positioned inside the firing attachment chamber (2A), and closing said firing attachment to the rear of the muzzle (54) of the weapon (50) in a substantially sealed manner. The middle zone has a pressure control housing (6) comprising an inlet orifice (6A) open to the firing attachment chamber (2A), an outlet orifice (6B) open towards the outside of the smart firing attachment (1) and a means for regulating a gas pressure in the firing attachment chamber (2A), an air pressure sensor (12) measuring an air pressure in the firing attachment chamber (2A), and a processing module (20) coupled to the air pressure sensor (12). The front zone has a removable front part (5) in the form of a tube portion closing the firing attachment chamber (2A).

Description

A SMART SHOT CAP

[0001] The invention relates to a smart firing cap, its use in a smart weapon system and a method of operating a weapon intended to fire projectiles. The invention applies in particular in the context of training or field interventions of security and defense actors such as gendarmes, police officers, military personnel or security agents.

[0002] As an example, for the training of security and defense personnel, it is common to equip weapons with a blank firing cap in combination with the use of blank cartridges. The blank firing cap has several functions. On the one hand, the blank firing cap has a safety function. Indeed, it blocks the debris generated by the firing of a blank cartridge, this debris being able to injure the user of the weapon and bystanders. In the extreme, it can even block or reduce the effect of a real bullet if it is fired by mistake. On the other hand, the blank firing cap has an automatic re-arming function.Indeed, when firing a blank cartridge, there is no bullet associated with the blank cartridge and the gases generated by the percussion of the blank cartridge escape forward through the barrel of the weapon without a bullet closing the barrel of the weapon, thus the pressure generated backwards towards the breech is not sufficient to move the breech back and automatically rearm the weapon. Various disadvantages result from the use of such a blank firing plug, in particular the volume of powder residue that forms in the barrel is significant. Indeed, only a small quantity of gases can escape (in comparison to firing live ammunition without a blank firing plug), leading to rapid fouling of the barrel which can cause damage to the weapon, or even to the user.

[0003] Furthermore, there is a need for a solution that allows the use of a weapon in training with blank cartridges but also in the field with live ammunition, allowing information on the use of the weapon to be sent back to the user himself, and / or to the trainer, and / or to the command.

[0004] It is an object of the invention to propose a smart shooting cap that overcomes one or more of the drawbacks or limitations of existing shooting caps. In particular, the invention proposes a smart shooting cap allowing the use of a weapon in training with blank cartridges, airsoft-type pellets but also in the field with real bullets while allowing information on the use of the weapon to be fed back to the user himself, to the trainer, or to the command.

[0005] According to one aspect, there is provided a smart firing plug coupling to a weapon, intended to fire projectiles, via one end of the barrel of the weapon, said firing plug comprising a body made in the form of a hollow tube extending longitudinally along a longitudinal axis coaxial with a firing axis of said barrel, said body including a middle zone, a rear zone and a front zone, and defining a firing plug chamber at the middle zone, the rear zone and the front zone closing the body, said firing plug being such that:● the rear zone comprises a removable rear part in the form of a tube portion provided with a locking element on the end of the barrel of the weapon, so that an outlet mouth of the weapon is positioned inside the firing plug chamber, and closing said firing plug at the rear of the outlet mouth of the weapon in a substantially sealed manner;● the middle zone comprises:- a pressure control box comprising an inlet orifice open on the firing plug chamber, an outlet orifice open towards the outside of the intelligent firing plug and a means for regulating a gas pressure in the firing plug chamber;- an air pressure sensor measuring an air pressure in the firing plug chamber; and- a processing module coupled to the air pressure sensor;● the front zone comprises a removable front part in the form of a portion of tube closing the firing plug chamber.;

[0006] The middle zone may include an internal temperature sensor coupled to the processing module for measuring a temperature within the shot plug chamber and / or an external temperature sensor coupled to the processing module for measuring a temperature outside the shot plug chamber.

[0007] The processing module may be arranged to adjust the quantity of air discharged by operating the pressure control box to control its opening as a function of the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor and / or the temperature measured by the internal temperature sensor and / or by the external temperature sensor.

[0008] The means for regulating the pressure in the firing plug chamber may be chosen from the group of regulating means comprising a controlled opening valve, shutters for closing one of the orifices of which an opening position is fixed, or shutters for closing one of the orifices of which an opening position can be modified manually, or shutters for closing one of the orifices of which a position can be modified in a motorized manner.

[0009] The pressure control housing may be positioned in a recess provided at a lower circumferential mid-position of the body, so as to extend inwardly of the firing plug chamber and be flush with an outer surface of the body tube.

[0010] The middle zone may comprise one, respectively two, transmitter detection sensor(s) and one, respectively two, receiver detection sensor(s) coupled to the processing module positioned in the middle zone at a restriction in the firing plug chamber, said sensors being oriented towards the inside of the firing plug chamber, each facing the firing axis so as to detect each projectile, respectively measure a speed of each projectile.

[0011] The front zone can substantially seal the firing plug chamber, and can successively comprise an anti-projection blade opening onto the firing plug chamber, a first mechanical energy absorber and an impact sensor positioned between said blade and said absorber, the impact sensor being coupled to the processing module so as to detect each impact on the anti-projection blade.

[0012] The removable front part may include a second mechanical energy absorber and a safety sensor coupled to the processing module so as to detect a firing error.

[0013] The front area may partially close the firing plug chamber, the removable front portion may have a substantially centered projectile exit port so as to allow projectiles from the weapon's exit muzzle to pass through the removable front portion straight outward.

[0014] The removable front part may include a noise reducer comprising at least one decompression chamber.

[0015] The intelligent shooting cap may comprise a tracking module comprising means for locating said shooting cap coupled to the weapon chosen from the group of locating means comprising an infrared transmitter for locating said shooting cap when the latter is used in association with a virtual reality headset, or a geolocation module for locating said shooting cap when the latter is used in association with combat goggles.

[0016] The intelligent shooting cap may comprise a communication module chosen from the group of communication means comprising a wireless connection module for transmitting data between said shooting cap and a virtual reality headset or combat goggles, or a medium or long range radio frequency transmission module for transmitting data between said shooting cap and a training system or a command system.

[0017] According to another aspect, there is provided an intelligent weapon system comprising:a weapon for firing projectiles;a smart firing cap according to the invention coupled to one end of the barrel of the weapon; anda training system or a command system coupled to said smart firing cap.

[0018] According to yet another aspect, there is provided a method of operating a weapon, intended to fire projectiles, coupled to a smart firing plug according to the invention via one end of the barrel of the weapon, said method comprising:● measuring an air pressure in said firing plug at the outlet of the barrel;● comparing said measured air pressure with a threshold air pressure value defined according to a parameter setting specific to a normal operating pressure or pressure range specific to the weapon; and● regulating the gas pressure in said firing plug:- by reducing said gas pressure by allowing a defined quantity of gas to escape strongly from said firing plug, either to maintain normal operation of the weapon if the measured air pressure is greater than said threshold pressure value, or to prevent automatic re-arming of the weapon;or- by increasing said gas pressure by allowing a defined quantity of gas to escape slightly from said firing plug either to maintain normal operation of the weapon if the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor is lower than said threshold pressure value, or to force automatic re-arming of the weapon.;

[0019] The method of operating the weapon may further include sending an alert when the gas pressure in said firing plug cannot be regulated to the operating pressure or within the normal operating pressure range specific to the weapon.

[0020] The method of operating the weapon may further comprise:● measuring an internal temperature of said firing plug and / or an external temperature of said firing plug;● correcting the threshold air pressure value defined according to a setting corrected for the effects of the internal and / or external temperature specific to the pressure or the normal operating pressure range specific to the weapon.

[0021] The weapon operating method may further include:● measuring the speed of the projectiles passing through said firing plug;● sending an alert when said speed is lower than a threshold speed defined according to a setting specific to a speed or a range of normal operating firing speeds specific to the weapon.

[0022] The invention is particularly applicable for training or field use of a weapon intended to fire projectiles (blank cartridges and balls for training, and real bullets for field use) while allowing processing of information relating to the use of the weapon and its operation.

[0023] Other advantages will emerge from the following description of the invention.

[0024] The present invention is illustrated by examples and not limited to the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate like elements: Figure is a schematic, side perspective view illustrating a soldier using a weapon provided with a smart firing cap according to any one of the embodiments; Figure is a schematic, front three-quarter perspective view showing a soldier using a weapon provided with a smart firing cap according to a first embodiment for training and instruction; Figure is a schematic, front three-quarter perspective view showing a soldier using a weapon provided with a smart firing cap according to a second embodiment for field use;Figures, and are schematic partial sectional views, respectively in rearward-facing side perspective, in forward-facing side perspective and from the side of a smart firing plug according to a first embodiment coupled to a weapon of which only the end on the muzzle side of the weapon is visible; Figures, and are schematic partial sectional views, respectively in rearward-facing side perspective, in forward-facing side perspective and from the side of a smart firing plug according to a second embodiment coupled to a weapon of which only the end on the muzzle side of the weapon is visible; Figure schematically shows a smart weapon system and its operation; and Figure schematically shows an example of use of a smart weapon system in a theater of operations. Detailed description

[0025] The invention will be understood from the following description, in which reference is made to the attached drawings. In the following, the term "soldier" covers any type of security and defense actor such as gendarmes, police officers, soldiers or security agents.

[0026] The Figure is a schematic, side perspective view showing a soldier 60 using a weapon 50 equipped with a smart firing cap 1 according to any of the embodiments that will be detailed later. The Figure is a schematic, front three-quarter perspective view showing a soldier 60 using a weapon 50 equipped with a smart firing cap 1A according to a first embodiment for training and instruction. The Figure is a schematic, front three-quarter perspective view showing a soldier 60 using a weapon 50 equipped with a smart firing cap 1B according to a second embodiment for field use.The weapon 50 comprises in a known manner a breech box, a barrel and various elements of the mechanism of the weapon 51, a magazine 53 comprising blank cartridges or plastic balls (for training) or real bullets (for use in the field), and one end of the barrel 52 which can be provided with a flash suppressor at the outlet mouth 54 (visible in Figures 1a). The intelligent firing cap 1, 1A, 1B according to the invention is coupled to the weapon 50 via the end of the barrel 52. The soldier 60 can be dressed in a military outfit 61. The soldier 60 can wear a VR virtual reality headset 63. In addition, optionally, the soldier can also wear a protective mask 62 against Nuclear, Radiological, Biological, Chemical NRBC risks and threats. When Soldier 60 is equipped with such a mask and helmet, this combination forms an NRBC-AR augmented virtual reality mask.Augmented virtual reality (also known as immersive multimedia or computer-simulated reality) is a computer technology that reproduces an environment, real or imaginary, and simulates the presence and physical environment of a user to allow interaction of the person, here in this example the soldier, during a training session or exercise for example via a virtual reality scenario. Virtual reality artificially creates a sensory experience, which can include sight, touch, hearing, smell and the perception of heat. The purpose of virtual reality is to allow a person (or several people) sensory-motor and cognitive activity in an artificial, digitally created world, which can be "imaginary, symbolic or a simulation of certain aspects of the real world" to provide immersion.Additionally, Soldier 60 can also wear connected combat goggles (including an integrated head-up display) 64. First embodiment:

[0027] Figures 1 and 2 are schematic views in partial sections, respectively in rearward-facing side perspective, in forward-facing side perspective and from the side of a smart firing plug 1, 1A according to the first embodiment coupled to a weapon 50 of which only the end of the barrel 52 on the side of the outlet muzzle 54 of the weapon 50 is visible. The smart firing plug 1, 1A according to the first embodiment is used for training and education.

[0028] The smart firing plug 1 comprises a body 2 including a rear zone for attachment on the barrel side, a middle zone receiving multiple sensors and processing electronics, and a front zone for safety opposite the barrel. The body 2 may be made in the form of a hollow tube extending longitudinally along the longitudinal axis XX' in continuity and coaxial with the axis of the barrel 52 of the weapon 50, and defining a firing plug chamber 2A inside the body 2. The rear zone and the front zone close the body 2 in a substantially sealed manner with respect to the exterior of the body 2. Middle zone:

[0029] The body 2 comprises a pressure control box 6. For example, the pressure control box 6 is positioned in a housing provided in the lower circumferential middle position of the body 2, so as to extend inside the firing plug chamber 2A and to be flush with the external surface of the body tube 2. The pressure control box 6 is provided with an inlet orifice 6A open onto the firing plug chamber 2A and an outlet orifice 6B open onto the outside of the intelligent firing plug 1. The pressure control box 6 makes it possible to regulate the pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A.This can be achieved either by a controlled opening valve (not shown) in the pressure control box 6, or by fixed or manually or motorized adjustable flaps (not shown) to control the opening of the outlet orifice 6B so as to vary in a controlled manner the quantity of gas escaping through the outlet orifice 6B. Thus, it is possible to adapt the pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A to the type of weapon on which the intelligent firing plug 1 is attached. This adaptation can be defined according to a setting specific to the pressure or the specific pressure range necessary for the operation of the weapon used. On the one hand, this regulation makes it possible to obtain sufficient pressure, in particular when striking a blank cartridge, by ensuring that the pressure generated towards the rear in the direction of the breech of the weapon 50 is sufficient to move the breech back and automatically rearm the weapon.On the other hand, this regulation makes it possible to generate shooting incidents, such as for example the non-rearming of the weapon 50 by reducing the pressure in the firing cap chamber 2A so that the pressure generated towards the rear towards the breech of the weapon 50 is insufficient to recoil the breech and automatically rearm the weapon. Finally, when the intelligent firing cap 1 is used with a non-lethal weapon of the type firing plastic balls (weapon known as "airsoft"), the pressure control box 6 allows the evacuation of the projected balls.

[0030] The body 2 comprises an electronic card 10 and a battery 11. For example, the electronic card 10 and the battery 11 are each positioned in a housing provided in the upper circumferential middle position of the body 2, so as to extend inside the firing plug chamber 2A and to be flush with the external surface of the body tube 2. As an alternative example, the battery 11 can be positioned in another housing. For example, the battery housing can be positioned close to the electronic card 10. The battery 11 powers the electronic card 10. The battery 11 can be positioned in a housing provided with a cover allowing a quick change when its charge is no longer sufficient to power the electronic card 10. The battery 11 can be positioned in a housing provided with a coupling means (wired connector or by inductive antenna) to an electrical charging means (wired charger or by induction).The electronic card 10 comprises a processing module, for example a microcontroller or a microprocessor 20 which is connected and receives the measurement signals from several sensors 5B, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. The electronic card 10 may comprise a power supply module, an analog-digital conversion module and an input-output connection module (not shown). The microprocessor 20 of the electronic card 10 may also be connected to the pressure control box 6 to control its opening. The microprocessor 20 of the electronic card 10 may also be connected to a tracking module 17, and / or to a communication module 18. Back area:

[0031] The smart firing plug 1 comprises, at its rear area for attachment to the barrel side, a removable rear part 3. The removable rear part 3 is a tube portion open on both sides to receive the end of the barrel 52 and provided with a locking element 4 for both fixing the smart firing plug 1 to the end of the barrel 52, but also closing the smart firing plug 1 at the rear of the outlet mouth 54 of the weapon 50 in a substantially sealed manner. The locking element 4 can be fixed directly by crushing or clamping on the barrel, the flash suppressor then being inside the firing plug chamber 2A. Alternatively, the locking element 4 can have a thread to allow the smart firing plug 1 to be screwed onto the end of the barrel 52 in place of the flash suppressor.For example, the locking element 4 may be a disc provided with a central chimney (the internal face of which may be threaded) fixed to the barrel and a circumferential collar whose dimension allows it to fit onto the tube portion of the removable rear part 3. The removable rear part 3 is fixed to the body 2 by any known means, for example either by a suitable tapping cooperating with a thread of the body, or by locking a self-tightening / spring-loaded ball in a hole in the body, or by a fixing clip. Front area:

[0032] The intelligent firing plug 1 may comprise, at its front zone opposite the barrel, successively in line (starting from the rear to the front of the plug) various elements such as for example an anti-projection blade 7, an impact sensor 9 (optional), a first mechanical energy absorber 8 and a removable front part 5.

[0033] The anti-projection blade 7 is a round-shaped blade adjusted to the size of the body 2. This blade can be designed to be removable, it is then equipped with a pull tab and is extracted through a slot made in the body 2. It can thus be changed regularly. Indeed, the anti-projection blade 7 blocks the numerous debris resulting from the generation of gases, flames and metal shavings by the percussion of the blank cartridge when using the intelligent firing cap 1 with a real weapon with blank bullets, after each shot.

[0034] The first mechanical energy absorber 8 has the role of absorbing the shocks generated by the impacts of the debris generated by the percussion of blank cartridges (real weapon) or by the balls (airsoft type weapon firing plastic balls) towards the front zone. As a result, it makes it possible to reduce the vibrations in the weapon, as well as to protect the multiple sensors. The first mechanical energy absorber 8 can be made of rubber or foam, for example a shock-resistant foam which hardens by absorbing the energy of the impact.

[0035] Optionally, an impact sensor 9 may be provided and positioned between the anti-projection blade 7 and the first mechanical energy absorber 8. Its function is to detect each impact, either by debris generated by the percussion of a blank cartridge (real weapon), or by a ball (airsoft type weapon firing plastic balls). The impact sensor 9 may be a piezoelectric sensor. Each impact detected by the impact sensor 9 is associated with a shot. Each shot can thus be counted.

[0036] The removable front part 5 closes the smart firing plug 1, in particular the firing plug chamber 2A in a substantially sealed manner, in front of the outlet mouth 54 of the weapon 50. The removable front part 5 can be made in the form of a tube portion closed towards the front of the smart firing plug 1. Said closed tube portion can be filled with a second mechanical energy absorber 5A. The second mechanical energy absorber 5A allows at least partial absorption of the energy of a real bullet in the event of a firing incident. The aim here is not to completely stop the bullet but to make it non-lethal when leaving the smart firing plug 1. For example, the second mechanical energy absorber 5A can be a thermoplastic polymer consisting of aromatic nuclei separated by amide groups belonging to the family of aramid fibers such as poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPD-T).This PPD-T compound is marketed under the registered name Kevlar by the company Du Pont de Nemours. Alternatively, when the smart shooting cap 1 is used with an “airsoft” type weapon firing plastic pellets, the removable front part 5 can be a simple lightweight cap without mechanical energy absorber 5A. The removable front part 5 can be equipped with a safety sensor 5B. For example, the safety sensor 5B can be made by two plates arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis XX' and separated from each other by an air gap which contacts each other when a bullet penetrates. The safety sensor 5B can also be made by an electrical resistor which cuts off and whose resistance becomes infinite when a bullet penetrates.When the safety sensor 5B is activated by the penetration of a real bullet into the second mechanical energy absorber 5A, this makes it possible to detect a firing error by the use of real bullets instead of blank cartridges. Upon this detection, an alert signal is sent to the operator of the weapon, for example via the electronic card 10 and the virtual reality headset 63. Sensors:

[0037] The smart shooting cap 1 may include multiple sensors, for example the safety sensor 5B, the impact sensor 9, an air pressure sensor 12, an internal temperature sensor 13, a transmitter detection sensor 14, a receiver detection sensor 15 and / or an external temperature sensor 16. These multiple sensors 5B, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 may be present alone or in combination, some are optional depending on the intended use of the smart shooting cap 1. These multiple sensors 5B, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 are connected to the electronic board 10.

[0038] The safety sensor 5B and the impact sensor 9 have already been described above in connection with the sensors present in the front area.

[0039] The air pressure sensor 12, the internal temperature sensor 13, the transmitter detection sensor 14 and receiver 15 are positioned in the middle zone at a restriction created by the housing provided in the upper circumferential middle position of the body 2, so that the sensors are oriented towards the inside of the firing cap chamber 2A opposite the firing axis TT'. The external temperature sensor 16 is oriented towards the outside of the firing cap. Thus the measurements made by these sensors are directly linked to the projectiles understood in the broad sense (i.e. debris such as gas, flames and metal shavings for a real blank-firing weapon, or plastic balls for an "airsoft" type weapon) linked to the shots of the weapon 50.

[0040] The air pressure sensor 12 measures the air pressure in the firing cap chamber 2A. The air pressure sensor 12 may be a piezoelectric sensor. The increase in air pressure may result from the gases generated by the percussion of the blank cartridge when using the smart firing cap 1 with a real blank-firing weapon, or from the discharge of compressed air intended to propel the plastic ball for an “airsoft” type weapon (with or without ball projection). When firing, the pressure measurement allows the firing to be validated. Indeed, when the air pressure sensor 12 measures an air pressure equal to or greater than a threshold air pressure value, the signal received from the air pressure sensor 12 by the microprocessor 20 of the electronic card 10 allows a firing to be validated. Each exceedance of the threshold detected by the air pressure sensor 12 is associated with a firing. Each firing can thus be counted.The pressure measurement also allows for gas evacuation control. Indeed, the quantity of gas evacuated by the pressure control box 6 can be controlled by the pressure measurement in the firing plug chamber 2A. It is thus possible either to evacuate the gases slightly (for example less than 20%) to validate a shot and allow automatic re-arming of the weapon, or to evacuate the gases strongly (for example more than 80%) to generate a firing error or avoid overheating of the weapon in order to cover a wide range of possible events during the use of a firearm.

[0041] The emitting detection sensor 14 and the receiving detection sensor 15 are positioned opposite each other so that the passage of each projectile in the broad sense (i.e. debris such as gas, flames and metal shavings for a real blank-firing weapon, or plastic balls for an “airsoft” type weapon) along the firing axis TT' affects the wave emitted by the emitting detection sensor 14 and therefore the wave received by the receiving detection sensor 15. Different types of detection sensor can be used, such as for example an optical sensor for electromagnetic waves in the visible or infrared range, or a laser, or such as for example a sound sensor for sound waves in the ultrasonic range. Thus, it is possible to count the number of shots.

[0042] By doubling the transmitter 14 and receiver 15 detection sensors, it is possible to determine the speed of the ball by a differential measurement.

[0043] The internal temperature sensor 13 measures the temperature of the smart firing cap 1 directly influenced by the operation of the weapon 50 and in particular by the gases present in the firing cap chamber 2A resulting from the use of the weapon 50. The temperature sensor 16 can be implemented in the form of a thermocouple temperature sensor, or a thermistor temperature sensor, or a resistance temperature sensor. During repeated firing, the barrel of the weapon heats up, and consequently, the metals constituting the elements of the weapon expand. This can therefore influence the geometry of the barrel and, consequently, the trajectory of the bullet. The variation in temperature and thermal expansion can therefore have an impact on accuracy.Measuring the internal temperature at the smart firing cap 1 allows for anticipation of a change in accuracy when the measured temperature is equal to or greater than an optimum operating threshold temperature.

[0044] Optionally, the external temperature sensor 16 may be provided to enable the measurement of the temperature outside the smart firing cap 1. On the one hand, extreme external temperatures, whether very hot or very cold, can affect the combustion of the gunpowder inside the cartridge. This can change the bullet velocity and, consequently, the trajectory. On the other hand, extreme external temperatures, whether very hot or very cold, can also affect the air density, which can directly affect the bullet trajectory. Measuring the external temperature at the smart firing cap 1 makes it possible to inform the soldier about potential trajectory changes in relation to the external temperature, the stability of the gunpowder over a defined temperature range, and / or the ballistic tables for the type of ammunition used. Tracking module:

[0045] The tracking module 17 allows the location of the smart firing cap 1 coupled to the weapon 50 when the latter is used in association with a virtual reality headset 63.

[0046] The tracking module 17 may comprise an infrared transmitter emitting infrared radiation which can be picked up by an infrared receiver or cameras of the virtual reality headset 63. This allows the virtual reality headset 63 to position the smart shooting cap 1 and therefore the associated weapon 50 in the virtual space of the virtual reality scenario.

[0047] The tracking module 17 may also include a motion sensor, for example a 9-axis inertial unit coupling an accelerometer (linear acceleration on 3 axes) and a gyroscope (angular velocity on the 3 axes). This makes it possible to detect the movements of the weapon 50 associated with the intelligent firing cap 1, and in particular to obtain information relating to the soldier's breathing before firing. This is data relating to the quality of the shot because the breathing blocking action allows for an improvement in firing accuracy. By combining the data relating to the breathing blocking action and data relating to the use of the weapon via the multiple sensors 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, this allows a transcription of the stress state of the user of the weapon, of the tactical situation (sustained activity, moderate activity, inaction) faced by the user of the weapon. Communication module:

[0048] The communication module 18 is used for wireless connection, for example by WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) technology and / or Bluetooth (proprietary name of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group SIG). The communication module 18 can enable data communication between the smart shooting cap 1 and the VR virtual reality headset in the training embodiment. The communication module 18 can also enable data communication between the smart shooting cap 1 and other connected objects or a training system using a virtual reality scenario in the training embodiment.

[0049] The data transmitted can be numerous, for example the number of projectiles fired (cartridge, ball, etc.), pressure, temperature, battery charge level. Second embodiment:

[0050] Figures 1 and 2 are schematic views in partial sections, respectively in rearward-facing side perspective, in forward-facing side perspective and from the side of a smart firing plug 1, 1B according to the second embodiment coupled to a weapon 50 of which only the end 52 on the side of the outlet muzzle 54 of the weapon 50 is visible. The smart firing plug 1, 1B according to the second embodiment is used for field operations.

[0051] The smart firing plug 1 according to this second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the front area comprises only a removable front part 5 which partially closes the smart firing plug 1 in front of the outlet mouth 54 of the weapon 50. The removable front part 5 may be made in the form of a partially closed tube portion provided with a substantially centered projectile outlet orifice 5C so as to allow the bullets coming from the outlet mouth 54 of the weapon 50 to pass through the removable front part 5 right through to the outside. The removable front part 5 may comprise a noise reducer 5D, for example in the form of several decompression chambers for expanding the gases in order to reduce the noise of the detonation emitted by the percussion of the cartridge.

[0052] Furthermore, the smart shooting cap 1 according to this second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the tracking module 17 may also comprise a geolocation module, for example GPS (from the English "Global Positioning System") and / or a mobile telecommunications module (for example GSM from the English "Global System for Mobile Communications", or GPRS from the English "General Packet Radio Service", etc.).

[0053] Furthermore, according to the second embodiment used for field operations, the use of the air pressure sensor 12 makes it possible to obtain additional information. For example, the pressure measurement makes it possible to have data relating to the health of the weapon, that is to say in particular its level of fouling. Indeed, fouling of the weapon is a significant cause leading to a reduction in the velocity of the fired bullets which can affect the accuracy and range of the firearm. The accumulation of residues, debris or deposits in the barrel, the chamber and the mechanism of the weapon can disrupt the passage of the bullet and reduce the pressure of the gases which propel the ammunition. Consequently, regular maintenance and proper cleaning of the firearm are essential to maintain its optimal performance.Based on initial parameters relating to the weapon used and the cartridges used, monitoring the evolution of the data relating to the health of the weapon makes it possible to alert the soldier using the weapon equipped with the intelligent shooting cap 1 via the connected combat goggles (via a head-up display).

[0054] Furthermore, according to the second embodiment used for field operations, the use of the transmitter 14 and receiver 15 detection sensors makes it possible to obtain additional information. According to a first example, with a single or double pair of transmitter 14 and receiver 15 detection sensors, it is possible to count the number of bullets fired, and to deduce the frequency or rate of fire. This data can be used by the command to objectively determine the contact and engagement zones on an operating field (see). According to a second example, with a double pair of transmitter 14 and receiver 15 detection sensors, it is possible to measure the speed of the bullets fired. Measuring the speed of a bullet fired from a weapon can provide useful information on the weapon itself, as well as on the performance of the ammunition used.Bullet velocity is typically measured in feet per second (FPS) or meters per second (m / s) and is a key component in assessing firearm accuracy, range, and power.

[0055] Furthermore, according to the second embodiment used for field operations, the communication module 18 can enable data communication between the smart shooting cap 1 and connected combat goggles 64 (via a head-up display). The communication module 18 can enable data communication between the smart shooting cap 1 and a medium or long-range radio frequency transmission module (for example, a relay field radio equipped by a team member of the combat group or any other radio frequency communication means present in the field) used to transmit said data to the command.

[0056] Furthermore, the smart firing cap 1 according to this second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the pressure control box 6 is used in combination with the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor 12 to correct the pressure in the firing cap chamber 2A which is directly correlated to an operating pressure of the weapon 50. For example, if the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor 12 is higher than a threshold pressure value for a defined weapon used in combination with the smart firing cap 1, then the pressure control box 6 is operated so as to allow more gas to escape through the opening of the outlet port 6B.Conversely, if the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor 12 is lower than a threshold pressure value for a defined weapon used in combination with the smart firing plug 1, then the pressure control box 6 is operated so as to allow less gas to escape through the opening of the outlet orifice 6B. In the same way, the pressure control box 6 is used in combination with the internal or external temperature measured by the temperature sensor 16 to correct the pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A which is directly correlated to an operating pressure of the weapon 50 (it is understood that the higher the pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A, the less the quantity of air evacuated and the greater the heating of the parts of the mechanism of the weapon and of the smart firing plug).The manner in which the pressure control box 6 controls the amount of gas escaping through the outlet port 6B has been explained in detail previously.

[0057] The Figure schematically shows a smart weapon system 100 and its operation. The smart firing cap 1 coupled to the weapon 50 is in accordance with the various embodiments presented above.

[0058] The electronic card 10 comprises a microprocessor 20 which is connected and receives the measurement signals from different sensors, in particular the air pressure sensor 12, the internal temperature sensor 13, the transmitter 14 and receiver 15 detection sensors, the external temperature sensor 16 (for both embodiments), and the safety sensor 5B and the impact sensor 9 (for the first embodiment intended for training only).

[0059] The microprocessor 20 of the electronic card 10 can also be connected to the pressure control box 6 to adjust the quantity of air evacuated according to the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor 12 and / or the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 16.

[0060] The microprocessor 20 of the electronic card 10 can also be connected to a tracking module 17. The tracking module transmits location information of the intelligent shooting cap 1 either to the virtual reality headset 63 and / or to the training system 70 (for the first embodiment intended for training only), or to the connected combat goggles 64 and / or to the command system 86 (for the second embodiment intended for field operation).

[0061] The microprocessor 20 of the electronic card 10 can also be connected to a communication module 18. The tracking module transmits the data relating to the different measurements made by the various sensors of the intelligent shooting cap 1 either to the virtual reality headset 63 and / or to the training system 70 (for the first embodiment intended for training only), or to the connected combat goggles 64 and / or to the command system 86 (for the second embodiment intended for field operations).

[0062] The Figure schematically shows an example of use of an intelligent weapon system 100 in a theater of operations 80. In this example, a field assault is illustrated, during which a group of assault soldiers 81 confronts a group of enemy soldiers 82. The group of assault soldiers 81 comprises several soldiers 60, 60A, 60B, 60C, each equipped with a weapon 50 and an intelligent firing cap 1B according to the second embodiment. Only a first part of the group of assault soldiers 81A composed of the soldiers 60A, 60B, 60C is directly confronted with the group of enemy soldiers 82 in a clash zone 83. A second part of the group of assault soldiers 81B composed of the other soldiers 60 is not directly in contact with the group of enemy soldiers 82.

[0063] The 100 Intelligent Weapon System is used to feed back information on the use of 50 weapons (use of live ammunition) to Command 85 during this assault on the ground.

[0064] The intelligent firing cap 1B according to the second embodiment transmits (via the communication module 18) various data relating to the positioning (geolocation via the tracking module 17) and the operation of each weapon individually to the command system 86 via a communication relay 84. The various data will allow real-time monitoring of the soldiers 60, 60A, 60B, 60C and allow an assessment of the tactical situation on the ground (positions, movements, shots, level of ammunition stocks, state of the weapons). The command 85 takes note of the information gathered by the command system 86 located at the rear base, that is to say at an appropriate distance from the engagement zone 83. The data transmitted by the intelligent firing cap 1B to the command system 86 via the communication relay 84 are generally encrypted (encrypted radio network).

[0065] The data transmitted by the intelligent firing cap 1B may include the frequency / rate of fire. When the measured firing frequency is higher for certain soldiers in the group of assault soldiers, this makes it possible to determine the engagement zone 83 more precisely, and to deduce therefrom the probable positioning of the enemy group of soldiers 82. Thus, the command 85 can decide on a better distribution of the soldiers in the group of assault soldiers 81, in particular between the first part 81A and the second part 81B of the group of assault soldiers and / or the sending of reinforcements to the appropriate location.

[0066] The data transmitted by the smart firing cap 1B may include information relating to the state of the weapon 50 (e.g. the number of bullets fired, the pressure, the temperature, the battery level of the smart firing cap, etc.). This information may be transmitted both to each soldier individually (via a display in the combat goggles 64) and / or to the command 85. The air pressure 12 and temperature 16 sensors provide important information on the state of each weapon.

Claims

A smart firing plug (1, 1A, 1B) coupling to a weapon (50), intended to fire projectiles, via one end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50), said firing plug comprising a body (2) made in the form of a hollow tube extending longitudinally along a longitudinal axis (XX') coaxial with a firing axis (TT') of said barrel, said body (2) including a middle zone, a rear zone and a front zone, and defining a firing plug chamber (2A) at the middle zone, the rear zone and the front zone closing the body (2), said firing plug is characterized in that: the rear zone comprises a removable rear part (3) in the form of a tube portion provided with a locking element (4) on the end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50), so that an outlet mouth (54) of the weapon (50) is positioned inside the firing cap chamber (2A),and closing said firing plug at the rear of the outlet mouth (54) of the weapon (50) in a substantially sealed manner; the middle zone comprises: a pressure control box (6) comprising an inlet orifice (6A) open onto the firing plug chamber (2A), an outlet orifice (6B) open towards the outside of the intelligent firing plug (1) and a means for regulating a gas pressure in the firing plug chamber (2A); an air pressure sensor (12) measuring an air pressure in the firing plug chamber (2A); and a processing module (20) coupled to the air pressure sensor (12); the front zone comprises a removable front part (5) in the form of a tube portion closing the firing plug chamber (2A)., The smart firing cap (1) according to claim 1, wherein the middle zone comprises an internal temperature sensor (13) coupled to the processing module (20) for measuring a temperature in the firing cap chamber (2A) and / or an external temperature sensor (16) coupled to the processing module (20) for measuring a temperature outside the firing cap chamber (2A). The smart shooting cap (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the processing module (20) is arranged to adjust the quantity of air discharged by operating the pressure control box (6) to control the opening thereof as a function of the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor (12) and / or the temperature measured by the internal temperature sensor (13) and / or by the external temperature sensor (16). The intelligent firing plug (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the means for regulating the pressure in the firing plug chamber (2A) is chosen from the group of regulating means comprising a controlled opening valve, shutters for closing one of the orifices (6A, 6B) of which an opening position is fixed, or shutters for closing one of the orifices (6A, 6B) of which an opening position can be modified manually, or shutters for closing one of the orifices (6A, 6B) of which a position can be modified in a motorized manner. The smart firing plug (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure control housing (6) is positioned in a housing provided in a lower circumferential middle position of the body (2), so as to extend towards the inside of the firing plug chamber (2A) and to be flush with an external surface of the tube of the body (2). The smart firing cap (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the middle zone comprises one, respectively two, transmitter detection sensor(s) (14) and one, respectively two, receiver detection sensor(s) (15) coupled to the processing module (20) positioned in the middle zone at a restriction in the firing cap chamber (2A), said sensors being oriented towards the inside of the firing cap chamber (2A), each facing the firing axis (TT') so as to detect each projectile, respectively measure a speed of each projectile. The intelligent firing cap (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the front zone closes the firing cap chamber (2A) in a substantially sealed manner, and successively comprises an anti-projection blade (7) opening onto the firing cap chamber (2A), a first mechanical energy absorber (8) and an impact sensor (9) positioned between said blade and said absorber, the impact sensor (9) being coupled to the processing module (20) so as to detect each impact on the anti-projection blade (7). The smart firing cap (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the removable front part (5) comprises a second mechanical energy absorber (5A) and a safety sensor (5B) coupled to the processing module (20) so as to detect a firing error. The smart firing plug (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the front area partially closes the firing plug chamber (2A), the removable front part (5) has a projectile exit orifice (5C) substantially centered so as to allow projectiles coming from the exit mouth (54) of the weapon (50) to pass through the removable front part (5) right through to the outside. The smart shooting cap (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the removable front part (5) comprises a noise reducer (5D) comprising at least one decompression chamber. The smart shooting cap (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a tracking module (17) comprising means for locating said shooting cap coupled to the weapon (50) chosen from the group of locating means comprising an infrared transmitter for locating said shooting cap when the latter is used in association with a virtual reality headset (63), or a geolocation module for locating said shooting cap when the latter is used in association with combat goggles (64). The smart shooting cap (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a communication module (18) chosen from the group of communication means comprising a wireless connection module for transmitting data between said shooting cap and a virtual reality headset (63) or combat goggles (64), or a medium or long range radio frequency transmission module (84) for transmitting data between said shooting cap and a training system (70) or a command system (86). A smart weapon system (100) comprising:a weapon (50) for firing projectiles;a smart firing cap (1) according to any preceding claim coupled to one end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50); anda training system (70) or a command system (86) coupled to said smart firing cap (1). A method of operating a weapon (50), intended to fire projectiles, coupled to a smart firing plug (1, 1A, 1B) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 via an end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50), said method is characterized in that it comprises:measuring an air pressure in said firing plug at the outlet of the barrel (52);comparing said measured air pressure with a threshold air pressure value defined according to a parameter setting specific to a normal operating pressure or pressure range specific to the weapon (50); andregulating the gas pressure in said firing plug:by reducing said gas pressure by allowing a defined quantity of gas to escape strongly from said firing plug, either to maintain normal operation of the weapon (50) if the measured air pressure is greater than said threshold pressure value, or to prevent automatic re-arming of the weapon (50);or by increasing said gas pressure by allowing a defined quantity of gas to escape slightly from said firing plug either to maintain normal operation of the weapon (50) if the measured pressure is lower than said threshold pressure value, or to force automatic re-arming of the weapon (50).; The method of operating the weapon (50) according to the preceding claim, further comprising sending an alert when the gas pressure in said firing plug cannot be regulated to the operating pressure or within the normal operating pressure range specific to the weapon (50). The method of operating the weapon (50) according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising: measuring an internal temperature of said firing plug and / or an external temperature of said firing plug; correcting the defined threshold air pressure value according to a parameter corrected for the effects of the internal and / or external temperature specific to the normal operating pressure or pressure range specific to the weapon (50). The method of operating the weapon (50) according to any one of claims 14 to 16, further comprising: measuring a velocity of the projectiles passing through said firing plug; sending an alert when said velocity is less than a threshold velocity defined according to a setting specific to a normal operating firing velocity or range specific to the weapon (50).

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