Supply chains liquidity platform

Abstract

Systems and methods are directed toward a supply chains liquidity platform including a transaction manager configured to receive requests associated with the supply chains liquidity platform. An accounts receivable (A / R) datastore may record, for individual entities associated with the supply chains liquidity platform, certified A / R to be paid to the individual entities while an accounts payable (A / P) datastore may record, for the individual entities associated with the supply chains liquidity platform, certified A / P to be paid by the individual entities. In operation, a payment processor distributes, responsive to the certified A / R, a discounted payment to an associated entity for the certified A / R and provides, to an investor providing funding for the discounted payment, an investment payment including at least the funding and an additional interest payment.

Description

SUPPLY CHAINS LIQUIDITY PLATFORMCross-Reference to Related Applications

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 556,254, filed February 21 , 2024, the full disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.Field of Disclosure

[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an electronic supply chains liquidity optimization platform for various electronic transactions. More particularly, systems and methods are directed to a liquidity optimization platform to record, monitor, and implement various transactions throughout supply chains.Description of Related Art

[0003] An aspect of a capitalist economy is the Fractional Reserve Banking System (FRBS), used by all banks in all nations. It has been effective for centuries, bringing prosperity and lifting billions of people out of poverty. However, since banks approve access to credit only to credit-worthy government entities, companies, and individuals who comply with their credit committees’ requirements, and the credit limits, commissions, and interest rates they charge are dependent on the borrower's credit risk and the inflation rate, the majority of them do not have access to bank credit, particularly in less developed countries and countries with high inflation rates, limiting their financial inclusion and preventing them from reaching their full economic potential.

[0004] If the goal is to provide liquidity to all government entities, companies, and individuals in the economy, FRBS is ineffective, expensive, discriminatory, and fraught with conflicts of interest. FRBS causes asset bubbles in the speculative economy, bank runs, budget deficits, and financial instability, leading to increasedunemployment, inflation, and a widening income inequality disparity due to ever- increasing debt and interest expenses.

[0005] Under FRBS, commercial banks amplify economic cycles by creating money through lending and destroying it through loan repayment. During economic expansions, banks aggressively create new money by extending loans, as rising asset values and optimistic growth expectations encourage both lending and borrowing. When banks issue new loans, they simultaneously create corresponding deposits, effectively generating new money that enters circulation. This money creation is not constrained by pre-existing deposits as commonly believed in the money multiplier theory - banks can create money "out of thin air" and then obtain any required reserves afterward through deposits or interbank lending.

[0006] During expansions, rising asset values and optimism drive excessive lending, inflating the money supply and fueling bubbles. In contractions, lending tightens, and the money supply shrinks as loans are repaid, deepening recessions. This process creates a feedback loop, where booms and busts are intensified, leading to greater economic volatility and instability.

[0007] To achieve its economic objectives, the Central Bank relies on the intermediation of banks. However, as profit-maximizing companies, banks pursue their interests over those of the Central Bank or the economy. For instance, they may reduce lending activities during economic crises and inflationary periods, deny credit to certain sectors of the economy, fail to pass on interest savings to customers when annual interest rates fall, or increase customer annual interest rates by a bigger margin when their cost of funds rises. Under FRBS, the Central Bank cannot regulate the real and speculative economies effectively. It is necessary to find a more efficient method to control both the real and speculative economies without bank intermediation while increasing financial inclusion and providing liquidity to countless companies and individuals who lack access to bank credit.

[0008] The lack of centralization and maturity synchronization of electronic invoicing on credit, balances of Accounts Payables (A / Ps, including taxes and debt to financial institutions), balances of Accounts Receivables (A / Rs, including demandand time deposits, investments, and government tax credits and subsidies), collections, and payments throughout the economy, requires that most commercial transactions must use bank loans or credit lines, factoring and / or credit cards, to meet working capital needs. This lack of centralization and maturity synchronization results in a system where money does not easily flow through the economy nor reaches most companies (primarily medium, small, and micro companies) and individuals. Businesses and individuals in need of liquidity are forced to take out bank loans, which increases the total amount of debt and interest payments in the economy but may lower the velocity of money (the number of times the money supply circulates in the economy in a year), if that money is spent in the speculative economy or used to repay previous loans. As a result, to sustain nominal gross domestic product (GDP), the Central Bank is compelled to drastically raise the money supply, which causes inflation.Summary

[0009] Applicant identified limitations in existing financial systems, particularly the lack of access to bank credit for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and liquidity bottlenecks in local and international supply chains. To address these challenges, Applicant conceived and developed embodiments of systems and methods, for a centralized and fully transparent Supply Chain Liquidity Optimization Platform ("SCLOP") to host and support various governmental fiscal transactions, including but not limited to taxes, fines, fees, and subsidies, as well as commercial and financial electronic invoicing transactions across the economy.

[0010] The platform centralizes and synchronizes the maturities of all Accounts Receivable and Payable electronic invoicing transactions across all supply chains in the economy using real-time dynamic algorithms configured to optimally allocate funds by linking supplier accounts receivable, investor funds, and payment obligations. These algorithms maximize liquidity reuse within the system while ensuring equitable and efficient funding distribution.

[0011] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a system and method for delivering inexpensive and immediate liquidity to companies and individuals trading on credit, without relying on credit risk analysis, debt, or banks. In variousembodiments, liquidity transactions occur within supply chains led by government entities or large debtors with investment-grade credit ratings. Debtors certify suppliers' accounts receivable and guarantee fixed-date payment to investors purchasing them at a discount, as part of a Prompt Payment Discount arrangement. The system coordinates and facilitates these transactions, ensuring accessibility to low-cost liquidity without dependence on banks. Debtors benefit by earning the interest spread or gaining extra credit days at no cost.

[0012] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a system and method for facilitating the efficient settlement of multiple Accounts Payable with minimal capital. The system reduces reliance on short-term bank loans while providing liquidity at a fraction of the annual interest rate earned by the investor. As more participants join the platform, the annual interest rate decreases proportionally for all parties, creating a self-optimizing dynamic that incentivizes widespread adoption across industries and sectors.

[0013] Embodiments of the disclosed system empower Central Banks or governmental authorities to directly control key macroeconomic variables within specific supply chains, economic sectors, or broader economic areas in both real and speculative economies. Such variables include, but are not limited to, the velocity of money, the marginal quantity of money, marginal lending interest rates, the circular flow of money, and inflation. This real-time capability allows policymakers to optimize economic performance without relying on bank intermediation.

[0014] The platform's modular and scalable architecture supports diverse industries, regions, and transaction types. It operates seamlessly across public and private sectors, ensuring compliance with local regulations and adaptability for global use. It excels in cross-border supply chains, enabling automated liquidity allocation.

[0015] This disclosure represents a novel departure from traditional supply chain financing models by eliminating dependence on banks and reducing risks. By leveraging a centralized, transparent, and inclusive approach, embodiments significantly enhance financial and operational efficiency for SMEs, large-scale enterprises, and individuals alike. By providing affordable liquidity, it promotes financial inclusion, economic empowerment, and poverty alleviation.

[0016] In an embodiment, a supply chains liquidity optimization platform includes a transaction manager configured to receive requests associated with the supply chains liquidity optimization platform. The platform also includes an accounts receivable (A / R) datastore to record, for individual entities associated with the supply chains liquidity optimization platform, certified A / Rs to be collected from the individual entities. The platform further includes an accounts payable (A / P) datastore to record, for the individual entities associated with the supply chains liquidity optimization platform, certified A / Ps to be paid by the individual entities. The platform includes a payment processing service to distribute, responsive to the certified A / R, a discounted payment to an associated entity for the certified A / R and to provide, to an investor providing funding for the discounted payment, an investment payment at maturity of the total value of the certified A / R that includes the funding and the discount as interest income.

[0017] In an embodiment, a method includes receiving a request from an entity to participate in a supply chains liquidity optimization platform. The method also includes certifying the entity and at least one associated account receivable (A / R) owed to the entity. The method further includes receiving, from an investor, a payment to purchase rights to the certified A / R at a discount. The method includes distributing, to the entity, a discount payment less than the total value of the A / R. The method includes receiving, from a debtor entity of the A / R, a settlement payment at maturity for the total value of the certified A / R. The method also includes distributing, to the investor, the payment for the total value of the certified A / R at maturity.

[0018] One or more embodiments are directed toward the SCLOP for efficient liquidity management in fiscal, commercial, and financial electronic transactions. The platform centralizes and synchronizes the maturities of all Accounts Receivable and Payable in the economy. It offers immediate, low-cost liquidity for credit-based supply chain transactions without debt or bank intermediation, regardless of credit risk. The platform ensures inclusive access to liquidity for all by facilitating the sale of certified accounts receivable at a discount through a Prompt Payment Discount arrangement. Real-time dynamic algorithms optimize fund allocation by linking supplier Accounts Receivable, investor funds, and payment obligations across multi-tiered supply chains. These algorithmsmaximize liquidity reuse, enabling efficient settlement of payment obligations with minimal capital, thereby reducing operational costs and enhancing financial inclusivity for small and medium-sized enterprises. The system reduces reliance on short-term loans, providing liquidity at a fraction of investor annual interest rates shared across supply chain participants. Additionally, it empowers governments or central banks to directly control macroeconomic variables, including the velocity of money, marginal money supply, marginal lending interest rates, circular flow of money, and inflation. Embodiments may be used with cross-border supply chains, streamlining and automating liquidity allocation to enhance financial efficiency and transparency.Brief Description of Drawings

[0019] The present technology will be better understood on reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, and on examining the accompanying drawings, in which:Fig.1

[0020] [Fig.1] illustrates an environment for establishing a supply chains liquidity optimization platform, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.2A

[0021] [Fig.2A] illustrates an example graphical representation of the current fractional reserve banking system, where there is a lack of centralization and maturity synchronization of all A / Rs and A / Ps in the economy, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.2B

[0022] [Fig.2B] illustrates example flow charts for Central Bank operations with respect to the economy and inflation, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.2C

[0023] [Fig.2C] illustrates example flow charts for Central Bank operations with respect to the economy and inflation, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.2D

[0024] [Fig.2D] illustrates an example graphical representation of a supply chains liquidity optimization platform distribution system, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.3A

[0025] [Fig.3A] illustrates an example flow chart of a process corresponding to supply chain liquidity optimization, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.3B

[0026] [Fig.3B] illustrates an example flow chart of a process corresponding to supply chain liquidity optimization, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.3C

[0027] [Fig.3C] illustrates an example flow chart of a netting process, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.4A

[0028] [Fig.4A] illustrates an example representation of a transaction using a supply chains liquidity optimization platform, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.4B

[0029] [Fig.4B] illustrates an example representation of a series of transactions using a supply chains liquidity optimization platform, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.4C

[0030] [Fig.4C] illustrates an example representation of a series of transactions using a supply chains liquidity optimization platform, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.4D

[0031] [Fig.4D] illustrates an example representation of a decrease in annual interest rates as a number of companies participating in a supply chain increase, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.5

[0032] [Fig.5] illustrates an example flow chart of a process for receiving a payment using a supply chains liquidity optimization platform, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.6

[0033] [Fig.6] is an example configuration for a computing device, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.7

[0034] [Fig.7] illustrates an example flowchart of a Circular Supply Chain Money Flow, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;Fig.8

[0035] [Fig.8] illustrates an example representation of variables for implementing a supply chains liquidity optimization platform;Fig.9A

[0036] [Fig.9A] illustrates an example flow chart of a process corresponding to supply chain liquidity optimization, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure; andFig.9B

[0037] [Fig.9B] illustrates an example flow chart of a process corresponding to supply chain liquidity optimization, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.Detailed Description

[0038] The foregoing aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will be further appreciated when considered with reference to the following description of embodiments and accompanying drawings. In describing theembodiments of the disclosure illustrated in the appended drawings, specific terminology will be used for the sake of clarity. However, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terms used, and it is to be understood that each specific term includes equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. Additionally, like reference numerals may be used for like components, but such use should not be interpreted as limiting the disclosure.

[0039] When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles "a", "an", "the", and "said" are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms "comprising", "including", and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Any examples of operating parameters and / or environmental conditions are not exclusive of other parameters / conditions of the disclosed embodiments. Additionally, it should be understood that references to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", “certain embodiments”, or “other embodiments” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Furthermore, reference to terms such as “above”, “below”, “upper”, “lower”, “side”, “front”, “back”, or other terms regarding orientation or direction are made with reference to the illustrated embodiments and are not intended to be limiting or exclude other orientations or directions. Like numbers may be used to refer to like elements throughout, but it should be appreciated that using like numbers is for convenience and clarity and not intended to limit embodiments of the present disclosure. Moreover, references to “substantially” or “approximately” or “about” may refer to differences within ranges of + / - 10 percent.

[0040] Embodiments of the present disclosure overcome problems with fractional reserve banking systems by implementing, using a centralized Supply Chains Liquidity Optimization Platform (SCLOP), a series of transaction monitoring and management tools in line with liquidity through supply chains economic theory (LSCET). In direct opposition to how fractional reserve banking works, where banks effectively create new deposits when they make loans, increasing total money supply, inflationary pressures, increasing total debt and total interest expenses, with different annual interest rates depending on each customer’scredit risk, systems, and methods provide an improved SCLOP to implement LSCET such that the initial money supply circulates rapidly among companies and individuals along the different supply chains in the economy, in the centralized, maturity-synchronized and fully transparent SCLOP due to a sharp controlled increase in the velocity of money in the supply chains with no increase in money supply, no new short-term loans, no debt, and no incremental interest expenses. The SCLOP may act as the National Collections and Payments Agency, centralizing and synchronizing the maturities of all financial, commercial, and tax collection A / R and A / P transactions in the economy to reduce overall debt, interest expenses, and tax evasion.

[0041] Systems and methods may use the SCLOP in order to permit the common / same money supply to be tracked along a path of collection and payment based on, for example, certified A / Rs. By way of non-limiting example, companies and individuals using the SCLOP may assign their certified A / Rs to a Supply Chain Liquidity Trust (SCLT) and may provide for sale of their certified A / Rs, which may be provided at a discount or whose value may be calculated using one or more algorithms (e.g., computation of net present value, computation in line with different prompt payment discounts, computation using one or more factors based on properties of the company and / or individual, and / or the like). Using the SCLOP, the total sum of all payments to suppliers in the supply chain, the interest income earned by the Investor, any cash suppliers keep on hand, plus SCLOP’s Handling Fees and any taxes, add up to A / R certified amount owed by the Debtor to a supplier, which may be referred to as a “Level 1 Supplier.”

[0042] Various embodiments may be implemented where one or more databases may store and track different levels of suppliers and participants and, based on their levels and / or parameters, may select different annual interest rates for use of the SCLOP. For example, government entities may get the lowest annual interest rates in a country due to their unique position / parameters, such as borrowing large amounts, their ability to collect taxes, their ability to enforce laws regarding payments of debt, putting tax evaders in prison, and the like. The database may also identify other entities at the same or different levels, such as banks, companies, individuals, etc., that may be charged higher annual interestrates for participation in the SCLOP. Accordingly, the SCLOP may be used to track and / or monitor different transactions at different levels using a variety of different factors based on the parameters of the various entities. One example provided for clarity and not to be limiting is that a government entity could issue bonds or short-term investment instruments to pay operational expenses or contractors for an infrastructure project, but once payment is transferred to their suppliers (e.g., Level 1 Suppliers) at the SCLT, the same money circulates down the supply chain via the SCLOP accelerating the velocity of money, thus settling multiple certified A / Rs among supply chain participants with the same initial money supply without artificially creating more money through loans as banks do. Various embodiments may be positioned to leverage scale with the SCLOP because as more companies and individuals participating in the supply chains join the SCLOP, the total interest earned by the investor who bought the government or the private Debtor’s (ideally with investment-grade rating) certified A / R sold by the Level 1 supplier at a discount is proportionally paid by all supply chain participants, including the Level 1 supplier. Each participating company or individual pays the same but much lower annual interest rate than that earned by the Investor, with no interest rate discrimination due to their differing credit risks or certified A / Rs transaction size. The government entity or large public or private Debtor obtains free extended credit terms without incurring debt and interest expenses, as the government entity or large public or private Debtor certified the already existing A / R, which the Level 1 supplier assigned to the SCLT and sold at a discount to Investor. This model has several advantages over the existing financing model used by governments or large public or private Debtors, as discussed herein. Whereas they would need to incur new debt to pay for their obligations, increasing their total debt and interest expenses, under the SCLOP, not only the government and large public or private Debtors obtain free credit days without incurring debt and interest expenses, but also help all companies and individuals participating in their supply chains to minimize their interest expenses without incurring debt, with no bank intermediation and regardless of their credit risks. Accordingly, systems and methods provide for a platform in which the SCLOP is aligned with the best interests of companies and individuals, as it seeks to minimize annual interest rates and interest expenses to all participants and only charge a Handling Fee plus sales tax, if any. To this end,various embodiments provide free extended credit terms to Debtors while also providing a higher annual return with lower risk to Investors and very quick and inexpensive access to liquidity for most companies and individuals without the need for credit analysis, debt, incremental interest expenses and bank intermediation.

[0043] An embodiment enables government entities or large public or private companies, acting as Debtors and guarantors of payments in their supply chains, to optimize liquidity by reusing funds initially disbursed by Investors. It allows these Debtors to settle smaller transactions with their direct suppliers without requiring additional investments from new Investors. For example, suppose a Debtor certifies an A / R worth $1 ,000,000 to a Level 1 Supplier, which an Investor purchases at a discount. Level 1 Supplier owes $800,000 to a Level 2 Supplier, who owes $600,000 to Level 3, who owes $500,000 to Level 4, and Level 4 owes $400,000 to Level 5. If the Level 5 Supplier is also the Debtor, the $400,000 can be recycled by the Debtor to pay additional Level 1 Suppliers. This process extends the supply chain by incorporating new participants and lowers the annual interest rate for all involved, all while leveraging the same initial $1 ,000,000 investment made by the Investor to purchase certified accounts receivable from the Level 1 Supplier. This approach is especially beneficial for government entities, as it ensures all companies and individuals contribute tax revenues, enabling governments to operate with minimal overall debt. This approach offers several advantages, including, but not limited to, at least: a) Interest Earnings: The Debtor can earn the interest income that the Investor would have accrued on the $400,000. b) Extended Credit Terms: Credit terms can be further extended to the Debtor without incurring additional costs. c) Cost Savings: These savings can be passed along to other Suppliers, improving their cash flow and incentivizing supply chain participation.By effectively recycling funds within the supply chain, this mechanism enhances financial efficiency, reduces reliance on external capital, and supports the economic stability of all supply chain participants. Embodiment may refer to this process and functionality as Circular Supply Chain Money Flow.

[0044] Systems and methods may provide a platform (e.g., the SCLOP) for use by one or more entities, such as a government entity, one or more corporations or banks, individuals, and / or the like. Moreover, the SCLOP may further accommodate a variety of different tools or modules that provide various services to the users of the platform. By way of example, the SCLOP may execute and implement a module that may use supply chain liquidity optimization (SCLO) to maximize the velocity of money of an initial fixed money supply across supply, as the same money circulates down paying a larger amount of certified A / Rs to all suppliers in the supply chains, without causing inflation. The Central Bank could even issue new money to pay down the government’s obligations (such as to pay for investments that increase nominal GDP) via the SCLOP, without incurring debt and interest expenses. The net amount received by the SCLT when a Level 1 supplier sells certified A / R at a discount — after deducting the investor's interest income, any amount the company wants to keep in cash, the SCLOP Handling Fee, and any applicable sales tax, is used to settle all certified A / Rs across the supply chain. An example of the process may include the SCLT disbursing to each company in the supply chain the difference between the net proceeds from the discounted A / R sale and the certified A / P amount the company owes to its supplier. When these net disbursements are added, they equal the total certified A / R amount of the Level 1 supplier.

[0045] In one non-limiting example, A Level 1 supplier has a certified A / R of $100,000 owed by a large private Debtor with 90-day terms and does not participate in the SCLOP. The Investor earns an annual interest rate of 8%, and the credit days multiplier is 1 .50. The large private Debtor has three options:1 ) Earn a 4% annual interest rate spread as a certification bonus (calculated as 12% - 8% = 4%) and continue paying at 90 days.2) Use the certification bonus to cover the Investor’s additional interest income and delay payment to 135 days, gaining 45 additional free credit days (90 x 1.5 = 135 - 90 = 45).3) Any combination of the two above as long as the benefit is not more than the certification bonus.The Level 1 supplier may sell the A / R at a 12% annual interest rate discount for 90 days (equal to 8% for 135 days), which includes:• $3,000 in interest earned by the Investor ($100,000 x 12% x 90 / 360),• $1 ,000 Handling Fee (1 % of the A / R amount), and• $70 sales tax (7% of the Handling Fee), for a total deduction of $4,070.In this example, the SCLT receives $95,930 after deductions ($100,000 - $4,070). This represents a Prompt Payment Discount of 4.07% (= $4, 070 / $100,000). The Level 1 supplier may further decide to keep $10,000 for cash needs (or any other quantity up to the total amount), leaving $85,930 to pay their certified A / Rs owed to suppliers.

[0046] Continuing with the example, if the Level 1 supplier now joins the SCLOP, then the Level 1 supplier may certify A / Rs to one or more Level 2 suppliers with 60-day terms, totaling $85,930. Both Level 1 and Level 2 suppliers will jointly pay the $3,000 interest earned by the Investor who bought the certified A / R at a discount from the Level 1 supplier. In one or more embodiments, interest income earned by the Investor from purchasing a discounted certified A / R from the Level1 supplier is distributed among all supply chain participants. This distribution is based on the interest the Investor would earn if lending directly to each supplier at the same annual interest rate. In this example, the Investor's annual interest rate reflects the credit risk of the primary Debtor (e.g., a large public or private company or government entity). Since the marginal annual interest rate for Level2 and beyond is 0%, the SCLOP Administrator can set varying annual interest rates, even to 0%, to encourage participation. Any shortfall from suppliers paying below the Investor’s rate, for example, suppliers selling in cash might participate for free in the SCLOP, facilitating the flow of money down the supply chain, is covered by other suppliers, increasing their interest expense share. Accordingly, the implementation of systems and methods of the present disclosure may lead to the following financial terms for the transaction:Level 2 supplier interest payment to Investor if Investor lent directly to it at Debtor’s annual interest rate: $85,930 x 12% x 60 / 360 = $1 ,718.60• Level 1 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 * ($3,000) / ($3,000 + $1 ,718.60) = $1 ,907.35 This results in a new, lower annual interest rate of ($1 ,907.35*360) / ($100,000*90) = 7.63% for both, much lower than the 12% Level 1 supplier would pay alone.• Accordingly, Level 2 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 - $1 ,907.35 = $1 ,092.65.

[0047] Additional terms and benefits of the transaction include:1 ) Fees and taxes: Level 2 supplier pays $1 ,092.65 in interest, a $859.30 (=$85,930 x 1%) Handling Fee, and $60.15 in sales tax (7%), totaling $2,012.10 in deductions. This represents a Prompt Payment Discount of 2.342% (= $2,012.10 / $85,930).2) Payments to Level 2 supplier: If Level 1 supplier uses interest savings of $1 ,092.65 to pay Level 2 supplier, the total payment to Level 2 supplier now is $85,930 + $1 ,092.65 = $87,022.65.3) Interest recalculation: o Level 2 supplier interest payment to Investor if Investor lent directly to it: $87,022.65 x 12% x 60 / 360 = $1 ,740.45 o Level 1 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 * ($3,000 I ($3,000 + $1 ,740.45)) = $1 ,898.55. This results in a new, lower annual interest rate of ($1 ,898.55*360) / ($100,000*90) = 7.60% for both, much lower than the 12% Level 1 supplier would pay alone. o The recalculated Level 2 supplier interest expense at the new lower annual interest rate: $3,000.00 - $1 ,898.55 = $1 ,101.45. This represents an interest expense saving over the Debtor’s annual interest rate of $1 ,740.45 - $1 ,101 .45 = $639.00 for Level 2 supplier.4) Recalculated interest expense, fees, and taxes for Level 2 supplier: pays $1 ,101.45 in interest, a $870.23 (=$87,022.65 x 1%) Handling Fee, and $60.92 in sales tax (7%), totaling $2,032.60 in deductions. This represents a Prompt Payment Discount of 2.336% (= $2,032.60 / $87,022.65).5) Cash kept by Level 2 supplier: Level 2 supplier decides to keep $15,000 in cash (as one non-limiting example), and deductions have $87,022.65 -$2,032.60 = $84,990.05 - $15,000 = $69,990.05 left to pay A / Rs they certified to Level 3 supplier.In at least one embodiment, the SCLOP continues optimizing these calculations until the difference is $0.01 or less.

[0048] Continuing with the example, assuming the Level 2 supplier certifies an A / R to a Level 3 supplier with 75-day credit terms, the Level 3 supplier will also jointly pay with Level 1 and Level 2 suppliers the $3,000 interest earned by the Investor who purchased the certified A / R from the Level 1 supplier. The share of interest expense is based on the interest the Investor would have earned if the Investor lent money to each supplier in the supply chain at the same annual interest rate. In this non-limiting example, the annual interest rate earned by the Investor is the one based on the credit risk of the large public or private Debtor or government entity guaranteeing payment and leading the supply chain:• Level 3 supplier interest payment to Investor if Investor lent directly to it: $69,990.05 x 12% x 75 / 360 = $1 ,749.75• Level 2 supplier interest payment to Investor if Investor lent directly to it: $87,022.65 x 12% x 60 / 360 = $1 ,740.45• Level 1 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 * ($3,000) I ($3,000 + $1 ,740.45 + $1 ,749.75) = $1 ,386.71. This results in a new, lower annual interest rate of ($1 ,386.71 *360) / ($100,000*90) = 5.55% for the 3 suppliers, much lower than the 12% Level 1 supplier would pay alone. This results in an additional interest expense saving of $1 ,898.55 - $1 ,386.71 = $511.84 for Level 1 supplier.

[0049] In this example, if the Level 1 supplier uses this saving to pay Level 2 suppliers, then Level 2 suppliers will get $87,022.65 +$511.84 = $87,534.49. If Level 3 suppliers also use it to pay one or more of their Level 4 suppliers, then the amount received by Level 3 suppliers increases by $511.84, less the Handling Fee of 1 % and sales tax of 7%, they receive a net increase of $51 1 .84 * 98.93% = $506.36, then Level 3 suppliers will get $69,990.05 + $506.36 = $70,496.41.

[0050] In at least one embodiment, an interest recalculation may include:• Level 3 supplier interest payment to Investor if Investor lent directly to it: ($69,990.05 + $506.36 = $70,496.41 ) x 12% x 75 / 360 = $1 ,762.41• Level 2 supplier interest payment to Investor if Investor lent directly to it: ($87,022.65 + $511 .84 = $87,534.49) x 12% x 60 / 360 = $1 ,750.69• Level 1 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 * ($3,000) I ($3,000 + $1 ,750.69 + $1 ,762.41 ) = $1 ,381.83. This results in an additional interest expense saving of $1 ,898.55 - $1 ,381.83 = $516.72 for Level 1 supplier. This results in a new, lower annual interest rate of ($1 ,381.83*360) I ($100,000*90) = 5.53% for the 3 suppliers, much lower than the 12% Level 1 supplier would pay alone.• Level 2 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 * ($1 ,750.69) I ($3,000 + $1 ,750.69 + $1 ,762.41 ) = $809.83. This results in an additional interest expense saving of $1 ,101 .45 - $806.38 = $295.07 for Level 2 supplier.• Level 3 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 * ($1 ,762.41 ) I ($3,000 + $1 ,750.69 + $1 ,762.41) = $811 .79.• The net amount received by Level 1 supplier would be $100,000 - $1 ,381.83 - $1 ,000 - $70 = $97,548.17. The total cost is $2,451.83. This represents a Prompt Payment Discount of 2.45% (= $2,451 .83 / $100,000).• The net amount received by Level 2 supplier would be ($87,534.49 + $295.07 = $87,829.56) - $806.38 - $878.30 - $61.48 = $86,083.40. The total cost is $1 ,746.16. This represents a Prompt Payment Discount of 1 .99% (= $1 ,746.16 / $87, 829.56).• The net amount received by Level 3 supplier would be ($69,990.05 + $506.36 = $70,496.41) - $811.79 - $704.96 - $49.35 = $68,930.31. The total cost is $1 ,566.10. This represents a Prompt Payment Discount of 2.22% (= $1 ,566.10 / $70, 496.41 ).

[0051] In one or more embodiments, the Level 3 supplier may elect to keep some cash, for example, $15,000. After deductions, the Level 3 supplier would then have $68,930.31 - $15,000 cash on hand = $53,930.31 left to pay A / Rs certified to one or more Level 4 suppliers.

[0052] Continuing with the example, assuming the Level 3 supplier certifies an A / R to a Level 4 supplier with 90-day credit terms, the Level 4 supplier will also jointly pay with Level 1 , Level 2, and Level 3 suppliers the $3,000 interest earned by the Investor who purchased the certified A / R from the Level 1 supplier. The share of interest expense is based on the interest the Investor would have earned if the Investor lent money to each supplier in the supply chain at the same annual interest rate. In this non-limiting example, the annual interest rate earned by the Investor is the one based on the credit risk of the large public or private Debtor or government entity guaranteeing payment and leading the supply chain:• Level 4 supplier interest payment to Investor if Investor lent directly to it: $53,930.31 x 12% x 90 / 360 = $1 ,617.91• Level 3 supplier interest payment to Investor if Investor lent directly to it: $70,496.41 x 12% x 75 / 360 = $1 ,762.41• Level 2 supplier interest payment to Investor if Investor lent directly to it: $87,829.56 x 12% x 60 / 360 = $1 ,756.59• Level 1 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 * ($3,000) I ($3,000 + $1 ,756.59 + $1 ,762.41 + $1 ,617.91 ) = $1 ,106.07. This results in a new, lower annual interest rate of ($1 ,106.07 * 360) I ($100,000 * 90) = 4.42% for the 3 suppliers, much lower than the 12% Level 1 supplier would pay alone. This results in an additional interest expense saving of $1 ,379.61 - $1 ,106.07 = $273.54 for Level 1 supplier.• Level 2 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 * ($1 ,756.59) I ($3,000 + $1 ,756.59 + $1 ,762.41 + $1 ,617.91 ) = $647.64. This results in an additional interest expense saving of $1 ,101.45 - $647.64 = $453.81 for Level 2 supplier.• Level 3 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 * ($1 ,762.41 ) I ($3,000 + $1 ,756.59 + $1 ,762.41 + $1 ,617.91 ) = $649.78.• Level 4 supplier's share of interest: $3,000 * ($1 ,617.91 ) I ($3,000 + $1 ,756.59 + $1 ,762.41 + $1 ,617.91 ) = $596.51 .In this example, if the Level 1 supplier uses this $273.54 saving to pay Level 2 supplier, then Level 2 supplier will get $87,829.56 +$273.54 = $88,103.10. IfLevel 2 supplier also uses it to pay Level 3 supplier, then the amount received by Level 3 supplier increases by $273.54, less the Handling Fee of 1% and sales tax of 7%, they receive a net increase of $273.54 * 98.93% = $270.61. If Level 3 supplier also uses it to pay Level 4 supplier, then the amount received by Level 4 supplier increases by $270.61 , less the Handling Fee of 1% and sales tax of 7%, they receive a net increase of $270.62 * 98.93% = $267.72.

[0053] The net amount received by Level 1 supplier would be $100,000 - $1 ,106.07 - $1 ,000 - $70 = $97,823.93. The total cost is $2,176.07. This represents a Prompt Payment Discount of 2.18% (= $2,176.07 / $100,000).The net amount received by Level 2 supplier would be ($87,534.49 + $511.84 + $273.54 = $88,319.87) - $647.64 - $883.20 - $61.82 = $86,727.21 . The total cost is $1 ,592.66. This represents a Prompt Payment Discount of 1.80% (= $1 ,592.66 / $88,310.87).The net amount received by Level 3 supplier would be ($69,990.05 + $506.36 = $70,496.86) - $649.78 - $704.97 - $49.35 = $69,092.76. The total cost is $1 ,404.10. This represents a Prompt Payment Discount of 1.99% (= $1 ,404.10 / $70, 496.41 ).

[0054] Accordingly, systems and methods may be used to reduce the annual interest rate for all suppliers to 4.42%, much lower than the 12% Level 1 suppliers would pay on their own. The SCLOP keeps refining these calculations across the supply chains until the difference is less than $0.01 , ensuring efficient liquidity distribution. This process minimizes total interest expenses and lowers the annual interest rate for all companies selling their certified A / Rs at a discount through the SCLOP.

[0055] SCLO may be implemented at intervals (e.g., daily, weekly, bimonthly, monthly, etc.) or may be implemented based on one or more factors that are evaluated, determined to exceed a threshold, and then cause the execution of SCLO. The timing of SCLO may be based, at least in part, on a desired velocity of money in the supply chains, where a higher desired velocity of money may require a lower frequency of SCLO execution. The more frequently the SCLO executes, the fewer certified transactions are available to optimize supply chain liquidity, reducing the chances of the algorithm settling certified accountsreceivable across multiple supplier levels with the same investor funds. A higher velocity of money requires less money supply to achieve the same nominal GDP, thus lower debt and interest payments throughout the economy. Using SCLO on the SCLOP, the Central Bank can regulate the velocity of money in the supply chains, the marginal quantity of money, the marginal interest rate, the circular flow of money in the supply chains, and inflation. Various embodiments may also implement a netting module to applicable A / Rs certified by all Debtors and A / Ps certified by all Suppliers, irrespective of their credit risk, and can be implemented in any nation. Systems and methods (e.g., a netting algorithm) may minimize the certified Account Payable and Account Receivable balances in the economy, without actual money flows, by utilizing only accounting entries. To this end, the netting module may be used to settle long-overdue Accounts Receivables and Accounts Payables, especially those that incur interest expenses. With SCLO, the circular flow of money in the supply chains, and the netting algorithms, the SCLOP can optimize cash flow and profitability for the entire economy. In various embodiments, netting may be executed at intervals (e.g., every six months) based on one or more factors.

[0056] Various embodiments may also implement a bottleneck identification module to identify entities using the SCLOP with negative working capital (e.g., A / P balances higher than A / R and cash balances and / or with A / R balances higher than A / P balances with the A / R balances being some threshold level of overdue). Systems and methods may implement the module with artificial intelligence to identify which bottleneck companies have the highest velocity of money in their supply chains so that a traditional loan lent to them can have the greatest total liquidity effect on the economy with a set marginal lending annual interest rate (e.g., at or near zero percent), providing nearly free liquidity to all participants without increasing money supply, total debt, and interest expenses. To this end, all local and international companies and individuals participating who sell and purchase on credit in the supply chains get access to liquidity without a credit analysis and bank intermediation. If a bottleneck company is credit-worthy, it may be referred to as a "credit-worthy bottleneck company"; otherwise, it may be referred to as a "dead-end bottleneck company." Identification of such companies may also be done with artificial intelligence by using information collected fromthe onboarding questionnaire filled out with the SCLT about willing credit-worthy bottleneck companies to all affiliated competing financial institutions, including liquidity through supply chain economy theory (LSCET) banks and institutional investors, in order to allow these financial institutions to offer them their best traditional loan proposals to achieve a positive working capital, in exchange for a Handling Fee. As described herein, LSCET banks are banks that specialize in providing short-term liquidity to companies and individuals in the real economy that participate in the SCLOP. LSCET banks can offer higher annual interest rates to investors and depositors because of their unique operational model.

[0057] When a Level 1 supplier sells an accounts receivable (A / R), certified by a large and / or investment-grade debtor, such as a government entity or major corporation, at a discount to access working capital, any interest earned by the investor is proportionally paid among all participants in the supply chain. This shared cost structure, combined with the increased velocity of money in the supply chain, enables LSCET banks to operate with minimal capital while settling high volumes of accounts payable (A / P) transactions. This efficiency allows LSCET banks to provide higher annual interest rates to funding sources and lower interest rates to supply chain participants, all while operating profitably with negative interest spread margins — a comparative advantage over traditional banks.

[0058] Various embodiments may also include a risk assessment module that is executed to minimize the risk of doing business with new customers and suppliers that participate in the SCLOP. Such a module may encourage transactions with new entrants. In at least one embodiment, an algorithm may execute that identifies which companies have negative and positive working capital and assigns them a credit rating with artificial intelligence based on the likelihood of direct on-time payment. All SCLOP participants will have a credit rating that indicates the likelihood of being paid on time. This is akin to a traditional credit rating system, but it applies to all SCLOP participants. In this case, the risk depends on the company or individual, as opposed to the Debtor leading the supply chain. In another example, an algorithm may be executed with artificial intelligence that indicates the likelihood of collecting an A / R from each company in the SCLOP through SCLO or netting. This algorithm indicates thelikelihood of collecting from a company or individual in the SCLOP despite negative working capital. That is, through direct discount of certified A / Rs or netting. The notion is that commercial transactions between the parties will not require bank financing and will be almost risk-free since SCLO and netting minimize collection risks. This algorithm facilitates new business opportunities between previously unrelated local and international companies and individuals.

[0059] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide several advantages over traditional systems. By way of example, from the point of view of entities needing liquidity, embodiments provide the advantage that most companies and individuals who buy and sell on credit will get immediate access to inexpensive or free liquidity without regard to their credit risks, without debt, minimal interest expenses, and without bank intermediation. Furthermore, from the point of view of the large Debtor or government, these entities may obtain free extended credit days for up to 360 days by certifying the A / R and obligating themselves to pay on that date the full amount with executive merit without incremental debt and interest expenses. Moreover, from the point of view of the investor, they will be earning annual interest rates that are higher than market interest rates for minimum risk because of the certification of a large (e.g., investment-grade) Debtor or government, has executive merit and is backed either by an internationally rated investment-grade credit insurance company or by government credit default swaps. Accordingly, the interest earned by the investor is proportionately paid by all companies and individuals participating in the supply chains liquidity optimization platform (not by supplier Level 1 alone). The same money circulates many times throughout the supply chain collecting and paying all the synchronized A / Rs and A / Ps, with no debt, no incremental interest expense, and an increased velocity of money in the supply chain, thus the effective annual interest rate paid by each is much lower than the annual interest rate earned by the investor. The centralization and maturity date synchronization of all A / Rs and A / Ps in the economy allows the supply chains liquidity optimization platform to control the marginal lending interest rate, the marginal money supply, the velocity of money in the supply chains, the circular flow of money in the supply chains, and inflation, none of which the Central Bank or the government can currently control.

[0060] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may implement the SCLOP in order to, among other benefits, control the velocity of money within the different supply chains of an economy and / or within one or more segments of an economy. Furthermore, SCLOP may also be used to control the marginal quantity of money circulating in one or more different supply chains and the marginal interest rates targeted as specific local or international companies, which may include financial institutions and their employees that buy and sell on credit and are part of specific supply chains in targeted economic sectors to achieve one or more desired goals, such as a targeted nominal GDP, among other options. SCLOP may enable governments to implement targeted nominal interest rate policies across different economic segments. This allows for customized annual interest rates for specific groups, such as small and medium enterprises (SMEs), helping authorities better manage economic development and financial inclusion goals.

[0061] Systems and methods of the present disclosure may be implemented using one or more SCLOP platforms to enable immediate short-term liquidity to one or more downstream entities on a national and international scale, which can be low-cost, or even free of interest, as established by one or more administrators. Participants may have A / R certified and assigned to a SCLT. In one or more embodiments, The A / Rs may be received and certified on the platform by participating investment-grade debtors or government entities (Debtor) and by all other companies and individuals participating as buyers in the Debtor’s supply chains. Once the A / Rs are certified by the Debtors and by all other companies and individuals participating in the Debtors’ supply chains, Suppliers Level 1 (those who sell to the Debtors directly) sell them at a discount to investors on the platform. The investors may pay the SCLT , and following instructions from Supplier Level #1 , the platform may initialize and institute prompt payment, even all of or percentages of, the certified amounts, less one or more discounts, fees, taxes, and / or the like. The Supplier Level #1 keeps less than all of the net amount received, The remaining balance, less fees / expenses / taxes / etc., is paid to Suppliers Level #2 (e.g., the suppliers of Suppliers Level #1 ), who may also discount the A / Rs certified by Suppliers Level #1 in the platform. Similar processes may be repeated down to other levels of suppliers, with subsequent suppliers certifying their A / Rs via the platform. As a result, only the discounting ofA / Rs from Suppliers Level #1 have a cost of funds paid to investors. All other supplier levels do not have costs of funds, as it is the same money rotating down the supply chain from customers paying their suppliers.

[0062] In one or more embodiments, the SCLOP allows the Debtors to see what A / Rs have been assigned by their suppliers to the SCLT for certification. The Debtors verify what they owe to them and only certify what they owe. Any difference between the amount presented by the supplier and certified by the Debtor is handled by them outside the SCLOP. The SCLOP may include personalized certification screens for government entities, which may depend on specific payment procedures. For example, entities may request their suppliers, besides assigning their supplier's invoices to the SCLT, to upload electronic versions of many more documents besides just the invoice and statement of account. The certification approval is the same for all Debtors, where they obligate themselves to pay the SCLT the certified amount on the due date. The certification done by the Debtor contractually obligates payment. The SCLOP does not know what debt is real or not. If the Debtor certifies the A / R presented by his suppliers, it is considered “real.” In operation, the SCLOP may operate under a set of rules with rights and obligations to all parties, which may include having rights and obligations clearly outlined to the Debtor, Investors, and Suppliers before joining the SCLOP and the SCLT.

[0063] Embodiments of the present disclosure may enhance the profitability of the SCLOP Administrator or LSCET bank by generating higher interest income from supply chain participants than the interest paid to investors purchasing discounted certified A / R from Level 1 suppliers. This is accomplished while providing SCLOP participants with the same or varying annual interest rates that remain lower than those earned by the investors and much lower than the annual interest rates provided by traditional banks.

[0064] Other embodiments may leverage the increased profitability described above to extend the number of free credit days available to Debtors or to provide higher annual interest rates to investors, as the marginal annual interest rate decreases with the participation of additional companies across new supply chain levels.

[0065] The SCLOP provides the ability to seamlessly synchronize the maturity of all commercial, financial, and fiscal A / R and A / P transactions across the economy. It further provides free liquidity to Debtors leading supply chains while extending liquidity to most companies and individuals within those chains, even to those without access to bank credit, without incurring debt or requiring credit risk assessments. This is achieved by proportionally distributing the interest earned by the investor — who purchases Debtor-certified A / R at a discount from Level 1 suppliers — across all supply chain participants. As a result, every participant enjoys the same exceptionally low annual interest rate, regardless of their size or creditworthiness, eliminating the need for bank intermediation entirely. In addition to optimizing cash flow for all participants, the SCLOP reduces operational costs and promotes financial inclusivity, fundamentally transforming liquidity management in both local and international supply chains.

[0066] Systems and methods of the present disclosure may depart from conventional banking and use real-time verification of economic milestones to inform money creation, underwriting, and liquidity management. Traditional fractional-reserve banking allows financial institutions to lend out multiples of their deposits, operating under the assumption that not all depositors will withdraw their funds at once. While this model has supported economic growth for centuries, it carries well-documented vulnerabilities — particularly in times of panic or speculative bubbles. SCLOP, by contrast, embodies a “real-time full reserve” approach in which new currency units are only created when tangible, verified production (or service) events occur. By way of non-limiting example, if a factory ships 1 ,000 units of product, documented by shipping manifests and validated invoices, then SCLOP’s ledgers acknowledge that an additional X currency may be minted to reflect that real output now exists in the economy. Accordingly, systems and methods, using SCLOP, may incorporate environmental or social metrics — for example, verifying that raw resources were extracted or produced sustainably to anchor new money creation to concrete proof of foods and services, unlike fractional systems that may inject money simply in response to interest rates, policy declarations, or bank-lending “multipliers.” Accordingly, embodiments may reduce a likelihood of and / or prevent unsustainable credit booms by eliminating the gap between hypothetical lending capacity and actual productive output.

[0067] Systems and methods incorporating SCLOP may be deployed using a variety of techniques including Blockchain-Like Ledgers and / or Smart Contracts. For example, SCLOP can be built atop either a fully distributed or a quasi-distributed ledger system that tracks transactions with redundancy (multiple nodes or participants verifying data). These ledgers function as the “immutable truth layer,” recording the who, what, and how of each productive step. SCLOP may further leverage automated, programmable logic to release credit or funds only upon confirmation that a given milestone has been met. Smart contracts can tie into Internet of Things (loT) devices (e.g., a freight container’s GPS or onboard weight sensors). Once the system confirms the cargo arrived and meets the specified quantity / quality, it automatically updates the ledger and releases payment or new credit lines.

[0068] Embodiments of SCLOP may be used to affect monetary issuance using various governance models. For example, Public or Central Bank Integration adoption of SCLOP may enable real-time data tracking from a variety of industries. Additionally, Cooperative or Private Consortiums, for example a federation of stakeholders (e.g., cooperatives, private enterprises, local governments, etc.) may collectively validate transactions and set sectoral interest rates. Such an implementation may reduce centralized power and encourage competition and innovation.

[0069] SCLOP provides a variety of advantages over convention banking, such as reduced time lag, credit risk mitigation, and financial inclusion. For example, because SCLOP disburses funds the instant it verifies a milestone, transaction settlement becomes near-instant. This “smooth velocity” effect allows supply chains to dynamically scale or adjust based on real-time demand signals, reducing overproduction or bottlenecks. Furthermore, using a central repository of ongoing performance metrics provides early warnings of potential shortfalls. For example, if a farm’s harvest starts coming in below expected yield, SCLOP can reduce or halt additional credit disbursements before the farmer accrues unmanageable debts., therefore providing real-time underwriting to reduce default risk and help borrowers avoid debt spirals. Additionally, rather than rejecting SMEs or individuals who lack a conventional credit record, SCLOP focuses on actual, verified productivity (e.g., stable, repeated sales or shipments)to unlock capital for entrepreneurs, farmers, or cooperatives that have tangible output to show, yet have historically been deemed “credit invisible” by traditional banks.

[0070] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure may be used to optimize liquidity across the entire economy (or secure using the SCLOP) via implementation of one or more algorithms to centralize and synchronize the maturities of all accounts receivable and payable. These algorithms integrate commercial, financial, and fiscal electronic transactions, ensuring that payment flows are efficiently managed. The SCLOP may enable such synchronization within a manageable service that may receive and balance different flows of realtime economic data. By aligning maturities, embodiments can use a relatively small amount of money to settle a much larger total of accounts payable. In operation, captured electronic transactions in the economy may be used to construct supply chains by mapping buyers and sellers. With these supply chains established, systems and methods may then implement one or more algorithms to calculate the present value of all certified accounts receivable based on the annual interest rate earned by investors. Next, one or more embodiments may determine how much each company, at every level of the supply chain, must contribute to covering a portion of the interest earned by the investor purchasing the certified accounts receivable of the first-tier supplier. Cash transactions may remain within the supply chains, but do not incur interest or handling fees. Instead, they serve as a pass-through mechanism, enabling their suppliers to access inexpensive, debt-free liquidity simply by participating in their respective supply chains. In this manner, each supply chain is structured as a Debtor-First Level Supplier relationship, meaning that each debtor forms multiple supply chains, one for each first-level supplier. Each of these supply chains operates with distinct characteristics, including unique velocity of money, marginal money supply, marginal annual interest rate, and circular flow of money.

[0071] Various other such functions can be used as well within the scope of the various embodiments as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings and suggestions contained herein.

[0072] FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment 100 that may be used with embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, a supply chains liquidityoptimization platform (SCLOP) 102 may be used to centralize and synchronize all the maturities of various commercial, governmental, and financial transactions for at least a subset of an economy. As will be described herein, the SCLOP 102 may implement one or more modules or algorithms to calculate the present value of all transactions and settle those transactions in cash or equivalent accounting entries. Systems and methods may be directed toward one or more applications, such as those executing on processors according to instructions stored on memory, on one or more client devices to provide transactional support, management, maintenance, and centralization. As discussed herein, various features of the SCLOP 102 may be executed responsive to permissions provided by the user, for example, permissions to access financial accounting software, banking information, and / or the like.

[0073] As discussed herein, the SCLOP 102 may be used to provide immediate short-term liquidity, which can be low-cost or no-cost (e.g., interest-free or substantially interest-free), which may be established by one or more administrators, such as an administrator associated with a government and / or banking system. In operation, the SCLOP 102 may be used to monitor transactions within one or more supply chains, which may further include different segments of an economy where entities are selling and buying on credit.

[0074] In operation, one or more clients 104A-104N (e.g., users) may submit requests over one or more networks 106 to access and / or use features associated with the SCLOP 102. The clients 104A-104N may be represented by one or more client devices (e.g., client computing devices), which may serve as a proxy to the client / user by making requests responsive to one or more input commands. Additionally, a client may navigate to one or more applications or access points using the device to submit a request, among other options. As another example, a request may be transmitted as part of an automated or semi- automated workflow, which may or may not receive user interaction. Accordingly, one or more client computing devices associated with the clients 104A-104N may be used with direct input from one or more users, stored software instructions, executions of various workflows, or combinations thereof. For example, one type of request from the clients 104A-104N may be a user requesting to become a member of the SCLOP 102. As another example, requests can include theautomated upload of different accounts receivable (A / R) or accounts payments (A / P) information to the SCLOP 102, for example, by a registered user. In another example, requests may include clients who wish to invest or otherwise provide funds to the SCLOP 102 and its users in exchange for a return, such as an interest return. By way of non-limiting example, requests may also include accounting requests in order to verify transactions, evaluate properties of different users, and / or the like. Accordingly, systems and methods may facilitate a variety of automated, manual, or combination requests.

[0075] The network(s) 106 can include any appropriate network, such as the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a cellular network, an Ethernet, or other such wired and / or wireless network. Furthermore, the SCLOP 102 may be associated with various resource provider environments, such as those that provide distributed computing services, which may include any appropriate resources for providing content and / or services, as may include various servers, data stores, and other such components. In various embodiments, the client devices can be any appropriate computing or processing device, as may include a desktop or notebook computer, smartphone, tablet, wearable computer (i.e., smartwatch, glasses, or contacts), set top box, kiosk, interactive display, or other such system or device.

[0076] One or more requests may be submitted over the network 106 to be received at the SCLOP 102, for example, at an interface layer that may serve as a landing page or application program interface (API) to access different resources and / or content elements. User credentials may be checked prior to granting access to the content or resources within the SCLOP 102, for example, using one or more user datastores 108 that may store user information for a given service associated with the SCLOP 102. The credentials may be authenticated using one or more authentication services, which is not illustrated or discussed herein for clarity with the present discussion. Various services may also be provided in order to register and authenticate users, such as an onboarding module 1 10 to collect information about potential participants in the SCLOP 102 (and associated supply chain theory transactions).

[0077] Onboarding module 1 10 may provide a comprehensive Know Your Customer procedure, wherein a supply chain liquidity trust (SCLT) requires all companiesand individuals who wish to participate in SCLOP 102 to complete an onboarding questionnaire. Due to the velocity of money in the supply chain, the questionnaire questions may help other entities (e.g., government entities, lending institutions, investors, etc.), using artificial intelligence, better understand the impact they will have on supply chains and the entire economy by providing liquidity or lending money to specific companies leading the supply chains or bottleneck companies. Various embodiments may further interconnect, with permission, data with various other agencies, such as the Department of Labor, tax agencies, the Department of Commerce, etc., to provide near-real-time (e.g., without significant delay) information on crucial economic data such as employment, taxation, new company formation, etc. This information may also assist various Central Banks in managing the economy more efficiently. In at least one embodiment, the onboarding module 110 may be used to acquire general and financial information, collected from the onboarding questionnaire filled out with the SCLT, about willing credit-worthy bottleneck companies to all competing financial institutions, including liquidity through supply chain economy theory (LSCET) banks, and institutional investors, in order to allow these financial institutions to offer them their best traditional loan proposals to achieve a positive working capital, in exchange for a Handling Fee to the SCLOP. Furthermore, the onboarding module 110 may be used to verify the identities of potential participants and to associate and / or link different accounts, such as bank accounts, accounting software, and the like. Furthermore, as discussed herein, the onboarding module 110, and / or information acquired therefrom may be used with bottleneck identification. For example, a bottleneck company may refer to a company with negative working capital that may impede the flow of money in various supply chains. The information associated with the onboarding module 110 may be used to evaluate bottleneck companies for targeted intervention, such as providing loans to companies associated with the highest velocities of money within various supply chains.

[0078] A transaction manager 112 may be used to monitor and control transactional inputs provided to the SCLOP 102, such as notifications of new A / Rs and / or A / Ps, notifications of payments being made, notifications of new investors at various levels, and / or the like. The transaction manager 112 may be implemented as oneor more APIs, or web services, and / or may serve as a landing page for the clients interacting with the SCLOP 102. For example, the transaction manager 112 may receive an input, determine one or more parameters of the input, and then route and / or execute different operations based on one or more parameters.

[0079] In this example, different datastores 114, 116 may be established to track and store information in easily accessible formats. For example, the datastores 114,116 may be associated with A / R and A / P, respectively, to enable the SCLOP 102 to centralize and synchronize the maturity dates of various financial transactions. By way of non-limiting example, in operation, the SCLOP 102 may centralize and synchronize maturity dates of all A / R (including interest income for banks, tax credits, etc.) and all A / P (including interest expenses and debt to banks, tax expenses to government, etc.) in the economy and / or for the participants of the SCLOP 102. The SCLOP 102 may acquire and use electronic invoices for the participants, such as a national or global economy, to determine who purchases on credit or asks for loans from whom and who sells on credit or gives loans to whom to establish the different supply chains in the economy. The datastores 114, 116 may also store additional information to facilitate such determinations, which may include but is not limited to the unique ID of a local or foreign company that purchases the good or service on credit; the unique ID of a local or foreign company that sells the goods or services on credit; invoice or credit note number of each electronic transaction; date of invoice or credit note of each electronic transaction; total amount of invoice or credit note of each electronic transaction; total tax amount of invoice or credit note of each electronic transaction; and / or payment date or days of credit of each electronic transaction. In one or more embodiments, electronic invoicing is used to track or otherwise collect information, which may then be stored in one or more databases. Software systems may be established to communicate with a country’s Tax Authority and / or to communicate with one or more intermediaries. The information may be provided directly by the companies that generated the invoices / credit notes or third parties on behalf of the companies like electronic invoices processors or government agencies. The information is stored on a database so the SCLO algorithm can process it.

[0080] Various embodiments may also include a certification module 118 in which an agreement is processed by a Debtor that owes the A / R to irrevocably pay it in full without any deduction applied at a specific maturity date with executive merit in the event the Debtor defaults. In at least one embodiment, executive merit refers to implementations in which the SCLT is not only pre-authorized to debit the checking account of the Debtor at maturity and that the SCLT is also preauthorized to seize any assets owned by the Debtor after a specified period passes, such as a maturity date, without Debtor payment to the SCLT, without having to prove in court that the Debtor owes it. As a result, the certification module 118 could be used to identify and recognize the appropriate assets to back up the owed certified A / R. In operation, suppliers may upload their electronic invoices or send a platform provider their physical invoices in the event they do not have electronic invoices. In the latter case, the platform provider scans the images of the physical invoices and uploads them to the SCLOP 102 for the Debtor to see them and certify them in the SCLOP 102. The physical invoices may be maintained in the custody of the SCLT. Once the Debtor certifies the A / R and the SCLT confirms reception of the physical or electronic invoices, then the SCLOP 102 offers the certified A / R to investors and the investor who offers the lowest annual interest rate buys it at a discount. The certification module 118 may serve as a gating aspect in that uncertified A / R may not be offered to investors within the SCLOP 102.

[0081] Various embodiments may also include an annual interest rate generation module 120 that may be used to determine different annual interest rates at different levels associated with the SCLOP 102. The annual interest rate generation module 120 may implement annual interest rates for levels in a variety of different methods, such as an administrator deciding and setting a rate, setting rates based on transaction sizes, implementing a market where users can bid on rates, and / or the like. For example, the platform administrator may decide what annual interest rate to charge each supplier individually. This may be a tunable amount that the platform administrator may adjust to encourage or discourage participation. For example, the interest rates (e.g., return) may initially be high to encourage investor participation. Then, once investors are comfortable with the platform and recognize the reduced risk associated with using the platform, thereturns may be reduced to recognize the reduced risk associated with the platform. In another example, annual interest rates may be based on the properties of the different transactions. For example, transaction size, industry, supply chain, real or speculative economy, etc. may be used to set different interest rates. Furthermore, interest rates may be charged proportionally across the platform so that each supplier will have the same annual interest rate. In such an implementation, the annual interest rate paid by each supplier is much lower than the annual interest rate paid by supplier Level #1 , if acting alone, as the interest expense incurred by supplier Level #1 is proportionately paid by all companies and individuals participating in such supply chain. As noted, annual interest rates may be adjusted by an administrator or may be automatically adjusted based on properties of different transactions and, in certain embodiments, may dynamically change over periods of time. In another embodiment, the platform administrator can integrate other variables to target specific companies and individuals. For example, the government could establish that local companies that sell $1 million a year or less will pay no interest in the acquired liquidity or that local companies and individuals that invest in the real economy, such as purchase a newly built house, apartment, or office space in the next 12 months, will pay no interest for the first 5 years. The SCLOP allows the government or Central Bank to better control one or more macroeconomic variables (e.g., the five discussed herein as non-limiting examples) in the real and speculative economies: the velocity of money in the supply chains, the marginal quantity of money, the marginal lending interest rate, the circular flow of money in the supply chains, and inflation, without bank intermediation.

[0082] In this example, an identification module 122 may use artificial intelligence to implement one or more algorithms to identify bottleneck entities, identify private or government entities that lead supply chains with the highest velocity of money, identify entities associated with different products or services, identify entities with financial difficulties, identify solvent entities, and / or the like. In this manner, the identification module 122 may be used as a tool to recognize inefficiencies and / or efficiencies within the platform, which may be used to direct additional resources toward those different identified entities. For example, the government or Central Bank can establish that local and international companies and individualsparticipating in a Liquidity Ecosystem to build a major infrastructure government project would pay no interest expense when discounting their certified A / Rs related to this project to minimize total costs.

[0083] For example, the identification module 122 may include one or more algorithms to determine bottleneck entities (e.g., companies or individuals), which, as used herein, refers to entities with negative working capital. In other words, a bottleneck entity may refer to an entity with A / P balances higher than A / R and cash balances or with A / R balances higher than A / P balances, but the A / R balances are long overdue and therefore are unable to pay their suppliers, thereby preventing the circulation of money throughout the supply chain. The determination of the bottleneck entities may be based on one or more comparisons of information, such as the A / R or A / P, and may also be weighted by industry, entity type, real or speculative economy, and / or the like. For example, certain industries may have known long lead times to payment, and as a result, entities within those industries may have weighed differently than entities in industries with short lead times to payment. Furthermore, the size of the entity may also be used to weigh the evaluation when determining whether an entity is a bottleneck entity. This algorithm may further identify which bottleneck entities have the highest velocity of money in the supply chains so that a traditional loan lent to them can have the greatest total liquidity effect on the economy with 0% marginal lending annual interest rates, providing nearly free liquidity to all participants without increasing money supply, total debt, and interest expenses. Systems and methods of the present disclosure may also provide general and financial information, collected from the onboarding questionnaire filled out with the SCLT, about willing credit-worthy bottleneck entities to all competing financial institutions, including LSCET banks and institutional investors, in order to allow these financial institutions to offer them their best traditional loan proposals to achieve a positive working capital, in exchange for a Handling Fee to the SCLOP.

[0084] As another example, an implementation of the identifier module 122 may be used to identify entities with a high velocity of money, such as within their supply chain. Identification of such entities may be used to recognize which entities provide the greatest potential liquidity impact. For example, embodiments may implement an algorithm that identifies the velocity of money of each private orpublic entity (Debtor) leading the supply chains. By giving liquidity to these entities, the Central Bank can have the largest impact on the economy as the same initial money supply is reused many times throughout the supply chains, paying a much higher volume of certified A / Rs without getting into debt or incurring additional interest expenses. Accordingly, Central Banks can readily determine which entities to lend money to or provide liquidity to have the greatest impact on desired variables by combining aggregated and anonymous individual socioeconomic data with each entity’s velocity of money. In at least one embodiment, this information may be coupled with additional data, for example, the number of employees at each entity in the supply chain, allowing the government or Central Bank to achieve specific socioeconomic targets. For example, if the goal is to maximize employment, then preferred interest-free liquidity can be given to entities and supply chains that hire the most employees. Or can be given to companies in financial difficulties so they do not go bankrupt, to preserve employment.

[0085] As another example of an implementation of the identifier module 122 may be used to identify products and services offered by different entities using the SCLOP. For example, when affiliating with a local SCLOP, each entity may be required to disclose the products and / or services they provide. This data will employ internationally standardized codes, such as UN codes, to facilitate searching by these codes, keywords, barcodes, Customs Harmonized System codes, etc. In this manner, an entity seeking new local and / or international suppliers and / or customers can easily search and quickly determine a list of entities to sell to and / or purchase from in order to interconnect with existing supply chains and take advantage of their low cost of funds without debt and bank intermediation. In other words, members of the platform can preferentially choose to do business with other members of the platform in order to realize the various economic benefits described herein, while helping to lower the annual interest rate to all companies participating in the supply chain they join. In certain embodiments, entities may be encouraged to integrate the SCLOP into their local systems (e.g., ERPs and barcodes) to facilitate automation of purchasing and selling within the SCLOP Liquidity Ecosystem.

[0086] As another example, an implementation of the identifier module 122 may be used to identify entities having financial difficulties. By identifying such entities early, various actors may be encouraged to facilitate help prior to dissolution. In at least one embodiment, systems and methods associated with the SCLOP 102 may be used to determine which entities have insufficient or no certified A / Rs to sell at a discount to pay their multiple A / Ps. The government and / or various investors could provide the following services (if, for example, the SCLOP also has information about their bank debt and bank account balances): i) Identification of people in extreme poverty; ii) Identification of companies near bankruptcy; iii) Identification of consolidation loan opportunities for companies and individuals to minimize interest expenses, to minimize costs, and lower monthly installments, to improve cash flow; and the like and iv) Identification of new customers and suppliers to help increase sales and reduce purchasing costs. As noted herein, various entities participating in the SCLOP may be required to provide information for onboarding purposes, for example, as part of the onboarding module 110. This information may be combined with socioeconomic data to alleviate extreme poverty in specific economic sectors. For example, the questionnaires may provide an understanding of variables associated with different entities (e.g., number of employees, total and average salaries, percentage of total salaries used to serve financial obligations, net salaries / total salaries, percentage of female versus male, rural versus urban, geographical locations, ages, employees who save a portion of their salary through direct salary discount, length of time at the employing company, and whether they work full-time or part-time) that may be anonymized and aggregated for identification protection purposes. Accordingly, the government or a SCLOP Administrator may then implement different services based on the identified entities. By way of example, services may be offered such as identifying and matching entities requiring employees and unemployed people. For example, entities that are growing and / or hiring can be alerted to potential unemployed personnel. Additionally, systems and methods may be used to identify struggling communities to create a cooperative to allow members to collectively pool their buying power to try and obtain better pricing and / or to consolidate production of goods at a cheaper price and / or to maximize their efficiencies through economiesof scale. Moreover, the identifying information may also be used to distribute and condition different subsidies.

[0087] As another example, an implementation of the identifier module 122 may be used to identify solvent bottleneck entities and to provide funds to alleviate the bottleneck. For example, the SCLOP (e.g., systems and methods thereof) may be used to identify creditworthy, solvent companies with greater certified A / P balances than certified A / R balances and cash. In other words, these identified entities would be unable to pay their suppliers with the proceeds from their discounted certified A / Rs and cash on hand, despite being solvent companies. If an entity is unable to obtain bank financing, it cannot be considered a Secondary Debtor and cannot pay its suppliers alongside the supply chain. This entity would be a bottleneck and the only way to obtain liquidity would be to be a part of a supply chain in which his customer paid him through SCLO or netting. Systems and methods may be used to identify these creditworthy bottleneck entities with credit offers from various financial institutions, such as LSCET banks (or only from the Central Bank), for a short- or medium-term loan to pay short-term A / Ps to its suppliers, thereby obtaining positive working capital, increasing the velocity of money, and assisting other suppliers further down the supply chain in collecting on their certified A / Rs. Under this embodiment, the solvent bottleneck company that receives bank financing acts as a Secondary Debtor, and although the solvent bottleneck company incurs bank debt, the interest expense is minimized as the interest earned by the bank is proportionally paid by the Secondary Debtor and the companies and individuals that participate in the supply chain. An advantage of this approach is that the lending financial institution secures a payment guarantee through SCLOP from the solvent bottleneck entities (Secondary Debtors). This includes permission to collect payments via certified A / R and certified A / P netting at any time, as well as the option to collect from future discounted certified A / Rs to cover monthly loan installments. By providing traditional financing to Secondary Debtors to settle their outstanding A / P balances, the velocity of money within the economy is further accelerated while overall debt levels and interest expenses are reduced. Additionally, the longer the supply chain, the lower the annual interest rate eachparticipating company needs to pay, enhancing affordability and financial inclusion across the economy.

[0088] Various embodiments may also deploy a module to enforce supply chain liquidity optimization (SCLO) 124. For example, an algorithm may be executed to maximize the velocity of money to multiply the initial money supply across supply chains without causing inflation, as the same money circulates down to all suppliers in the supply chain. SCLO must be executed frequently (e.g., daily, weekly, bimonthly, monthly, etc.) or as needed. One or more factors may be used to determine whether or not to implement SCLO, such as a desired velocity of money, desired nominal gross domestic product (GDP), desired inflation target rate, desired marginal interest rates, and the like. With SCLO operating on the SCLOP 102, the Central Bank can regulate the following macroeconomic variables in the different supply chains, sectors of the economy, and real and speculative economies: the velocity of money in the supply chains, the marginal quantity of money, the marginal lending interest rate, the circular flow of money in the supply chains, and inflation.

[0089] The SCLOP 102 may be used to provide one or more tools to facilitate control and / or regulation of one or more transactions and / or a money supply within an economy. For example, the SCLOP 102 may be used to run and / or implement one or more other services or provide a localized area to implement functionality associated with economic regulation and control. In one or more embodiments, the SCLOP 102 and / or tools of the SCLOP 102 may centralize and synchronize the maturities of all electronic invoicing on credit, balances of Accounts Payables (A / Ps, including debt to financial institutions), balances of Accounts Receivables (A / Rs, including demand and time deposits, investments, and government tax credits and subsidies), collections, and payments throughout the economy. Centralizing and synchronizing payment schedules for all certified A / Rs in the economy increases the velocity of money in supply chains. This allows the government or Central Bank to achieve the desired nominal GDP with less money in circulation, reducing the reliance on short-term bank debt and its associated interest expenses. With SCLOP, governments or Central Banks can better control inflation. In certain embodiments, the SCLOP 102 may receive access to information on various portions of the economy, including the non-limiting example of commercial, governmental, and financial transactions of government entities, companies, and individuals in the economy in electronic formats. As a result, the SCLOP 102 could serve as a central repository of who sells to whom, who buys from whom, who owes how much and on what terms to whom, and who lends and borrows from whom. In at least one embodiment, the SCLOP 102 allows for the electronic assignment of the A / R to the SCLT, the certification of A / Rs by Debtors, the bidding of the certified A / Rs among investors competing to buy it at a discount, the custody by the SCLT of the physical or digital documents being negotiated, and the corresponding ACH collections and payments involved until maturity, as discussed in more detail herein.

[0090] SCLOP 102 may also be implemented to compute and / or execute one or more payment controls or modifications, such as a Prompt Payment Discount to suppliers. Under LSCET, a traditional financing transaction of A / Rs made by suppliers of large investment-grade companies or government entities (Debtors) with banks or factoring companies is converted into a short-term fixed-income investment instrument guaranteed by these Debtors by allowing suppliers to sell their certified A / Rs at a discount (Prompt Payment Discount) to investors via the SCLOP, which centralizes and synchronizes all maturities in collections and payments in the supply chains. This is the selling of an asset at a discount, not financing. In this manner, Suppliers sell at a discount their certified A / Rs to get liquidity without needing to pass through a bank credit committee for approval of a loan, with no debt and low-interest expense. In the supply chain, each company is a debtor to its suppliers and a supplier to its customers. All suppliers with certified A / Rs from customers in the supply chains can access near-free liquidity by selling these A / Rs to investors at a discount through the SCLOP. This happens without creating debt, without involving banks, and regardless of the suppliers' credit risks.

[0091] SCLOP 102 may also be used to provide guaranteed payments to investors, for example, through the implementation of different certification and payment processes. Compared to other short-term fixed-income investment alternatives, LSCET offers investors a higher return for the same level of risk. Due to the fact that an investment-grade Debtor or government entity typically guarantees it, the risk is minimized. In addition, there is typically a credit enhancement mechanismin the form of an international investment-grade credit insurer that typically pays 90 percent of the certified amount within 60 days if the Debtor fails to pay at maturity, as one non-limiting examples. However, it should be appreciated that different terms may be presented within the scope and content of the present disclosure. The SCLOP 102 can be used to manage the certification and enrollment of debts with the credit insurer. Under a LSCET Bank, deposits are tied to a specific Debtor to reduce risk, while the velocity of money in the supply chain enables these deposits to earn higher annual returns than usual with minimal risk, as the initial money supply needed is much lower than in traditional fractional reserve banking.

[0092] As discussed herein, the SCLO module 124 may be implemented as one or more algorithms to maximize the velocity of money, multiplying the initial money supply across supply chains without causing inflation, as the same money circulates down to all suppliers in the supply chain. SCLO must be executed frequently, such as daily, weekly, bimonthly, or monthly. The higher the desired velocity of money, the less frequently SCLO may be executed. With SCLO operating on the SCLOP 102, the government or Central Bank can regulate the velocity of money, the marginal quantity of money, the marginal lending interest rate, the circular flow of money in the supply chains, and inflation in the different supply chains, sectors of the economy, and real and speculative economies.

[0093] One or more embodiments of the SCLOP 102 may also include algorithms for netting certified A / Ps and A / Rs. For example, one or more algorithms may be applicable to all A / Rs certified by all Debtors, irrespective of their credit risk. One or more embodiments may be used to minimize the certified A / P and A / R balances in the economy without actual money flows by utilizing only accounting entries. It may be used for collecting long-overdue A / Rs and A / Ps, especially those that incur interest expenses. With the Netting algorithm, the SCLOP can optimize cash flow and profitability for the entire economy. Executing Netting of A / Ps and A / Rs may be implemented every six months, as one example.

[0094] As discussed herein, one or more embodiments may also include systems and methods for the identification of bottleneck companies that may provide insights into companies that impede the flow of money through supply chains. In at least one embodiment, bottleneck companies are companies with negativeworking capital (e.g., A / P balances greater than A / R balances and cash balances). Additionally, entities with A / Rs that are long overdue, even with A / R balances greater than A / P balances, may also be considered bottleneck companies because, even though on paper these companies have sufficient money, the companies may be unable to pay their suppliers, thereby preventing the circulation of money throughout the supply chain. In at least one embodiment, negative working capital may be computed as A / Ps>A / Rs. Additionally, embodiments may also account for long overdue amounts (e.g., A / Rs that are not certified by the Debtor and thus cannot be collected in the next 30 days, so they cannot be discounted for cash). Another alternative is that they are certified but only for netting as the customer does not have the liquidity to actually pay it. Systems and methods may further identify which bottleneck companies have the highest velocity of money in the supply chains, so that a traditional loan lent to them can have the greatest total liquidity effect on the economy with 0% marginal lending annual interest rates, providing nearly free liquidity to all participants without increasing total money supply, total debt, and interest expenses. Because embodiments may use electronic A / Rs and A / Ps, systems and methods can be used to identify bottleneck companies based, at least in part, on whether or not companies can pay their suppliers. Suppose the supply chain gets 2 or more tiers deeper (e.g., have a higher velocity of money in the supply chain). In that case, the interest expense incurred by the bottleneck companies is shared with the other companies below them in their supply chains, lowering total annual interest rates for all. These bottleneck companies, in effect, act as secondary Debtors. The longer the supply chain, the lower the annual interest rate for all participating companies and individuals. The length of the extended supply chains of bottleneck companies helps the SCLOP to determine which bottleneck company deserves a traditional loan or netting.

[0095] In one or more embodiments, all companies and individuals participating in the supply chains get access to liquidity without a credit analysis and bank intermediation. If a bottleneck company is credit-worthy, it is called a "creditworthy bottleneck company"; otherwise, it is called a "dead-end bottleneck company.Examples

[0096] The SCLOP 102 may also implement rating systems to promote business transactions among participants of the platform. For example, embodiments may implement algorithms using artificial intelligence to minimize the risk of doing business with new customers and suppliers that participate in the SCLOP and help increase trading transactions among them. By way of non-limiting example, a first algorithm may be deployed to identify companies with negative and positive working capital and assign a credit rating based on a likelihood of direct on-time payment. In at least one embodiment, all, or substantially all, SCLOP participants will have a credit rating that indicates the likelihood of being paid on time. This is akin to a traditional credit rating system, but it applies to all SCLOP participants. In this case, the risk depends on the company or individual, as opposed to the Debtor leading the supply chain. A further algorithm may be deployed to determine a likelihood of collecting an A / R from each company. For example, the algorithm may indicate the likelihood of collecting from a company or individual in the SCLOP despite having negative working capital. That is, through direct discount of certified A / Rs or Netting. The notion is that commercial transactions between them will not require bank financing and will be almost risk- free since SCLO and Netting minimize collection risks. This algorithm facilitates new business opportunities between previously unrelated local and international companies and individuals. One or more further algorithms may also be deployed to identify the companies with the highest velocity of money to bring the largest economic impact. For example, one or more algorithms may identify the velocity of money of each company in the supply chain. As discussed herein, the longer the supply chain, the higher the velocity of money and the lower the annual interest rate for all companies and individuals participating in the supply chain. Other factors that contribute to a high velocity of money are the less the company keeps cash for itself (e.g., the more it pays its suppliers, the higher the velocity of money); if a company chooses to earn the certification bonus instead of extended free credit days, the higher the velocity of money; the shorter the standard credit terms, the higher the velocity of money; and the lower the handling commissions and taxes involved, the more cash is available to pay suppliers, thus the higher the velocity of money. By giving liquidity to these companies, the Central Bank can have the largest impact on the economy as the same money supply is reused many times throughout the supply chains without getting into debt orincurring interest expenses. One or more embodiments may use the platform and, in certain examples, additional information (e.g., number of employees) to achieve specific socioeconomic targets. For example, if the goal is to maximize employment, then preferred liquidity can be given to companies and supply chains that hire the most employees. Or can be given to companies in financial difficulties so they do not go bankrupt, to preserve employment.

[0097] Systems and methods may also use the platform to proactively identify companies or individuals with financial difficulties and then proactively implement action. For example, the SCLOP 102 can determine which businesses and individuals have insufficient or no certified A / Rs to sell at a discount and to pay their multiple A / Ps. The government could provide the following services if the SCLOP also has information about their bank debt and bank account balances: identification of people in extreme poverty; identification of companies near bankruptcy; identification of consolidation loan opportunities for companies and individuals to minimize interest expenses, to minimize costs, and lower monthly installments, to improve cash flow; and / or identification of new customers and suppliers to help increase sales and reduce purchasing costs. Participants may provide information for the enrollment questionnaire that may be used to understand the socioeconomic variables of their employees and customers, such as number of employees, their total and average salaries, percentage of total salaries used to pay loans, net salaries / total salaries, percentage of female versus male, rural versus urban, geographical locations, ages, employees who save a portion of their salary through direct salary discount, length of time at this company, and whether they work full-time or part-time. This information can also be presented on an individual but anonymous basis, in addition to being aggregated. Accordingly, the government or other entities may use the SCLOP 102 to provide services to diminish extreme poverty and help companies nearing bankruptcy, such as to identify growing companies to alert unemployed personnel for a possible match; help companies and individuals in suffering communities to create a cooperative to pull together their buying power and obtain lower prices, thus minimizing their A / Ps or pull together to produce a product or service more efficiently and obtain higher prices and thus maximize their A / Rs; suggest consolidation loans to companies and individuals that minimize total interestexpense and monthly loan installments if it has access to bank and credit card debt as well; and / or more efficiently distribute and condition recurring subsidies.

[0098] Embodiments of the present disclosure may also be used to control and / or manage some macroeconomic variables of the economy, such as the marginal money supply, the velocity of money in the different supply chains, the marginal lending interest rate, the circular flow of money in the supply chains, and inflation. By way of example, the SCLOP Administrator has more flexibility to implement the desired monetary policy per different supply chains and / or sectors of the economy. In direct contrast to how the Central Bank influences the supply of money to the entire economy through bank intermediation, with SCLOP, the Central Bank could target desired money supplies to different sectors of the real economy, while ensuring that less money supply is used in the speculative economy, without bank intermediation. To this end, the SCLOP Administrator could increase or decrease the number of companies or individuals participating in the supply chain, the quantity of money passed down, and the amount of cash kept on hand by each, including or excluding companies with high or low velocity of money, with high or low Circular Supply Chain Money Flow capability, etc. As another example of control of the velocity of money, the SCLOP Administrator may either accelerate it up or slow it down by executing SCLO and Netting more or less frequently, respectively. A higher velocity of money necessitates a smaller money supply to accomplish the nominal GDP target. This has a direct impact on the total amount of debt incurred by the government, companies, and individuals in the economy, as they are able to complete short-term transactions and increase economic activity more rapidly without getting into debt while drastically lowering total short-term interest expenses in the economy. Furthermore, the SCLOP Administrator could increase or decrease the velocity of money by providing liquidity to high velocity-of-money companies or to bottleneck companies, as well as by limiting the percentage of total money that can be passed down to other companies or limiting the number of total companies in the supply chain or allowing or limiting the participation of companies with Circular Supply Chain Money Flow capability, to increase further or decrease the other controlled macroeconomic variables respectively. Additionally, the SCLOP Administrator may increase or decrease the proportion of money kept ascurrency in the supply chain. Since it is the same money that is being paid and circulated down the supply chains, rather than new money created by banks when lending to each participant in the supply chains, the amount of money passed down is reduced by the Handling Fee and its corresponding sales tax, if any, and whenever a company prefers to retain in cash a portion of the amount collected by selling its certified A / Rs at a discount.

[0099] Systems and methods of the present disclosure may also implement monitoring and automation techniques to facilitate supply chain management. For example, because the SCLOP has the total data of A / R and A / P balances in the economy, including debt owed to financial institutions and taxes owed to government entities, it can perform a variety of optimizations. As one example, systems and methods may monitor companies / individuals with negative working capital and automatically provide them with traditional loan options from affiliated financial institutions. As another example, systems and methods may monitor companies / individuals that owe taxes to government entities and automatically collect them from the proceeds of sales of certified A / Rs at a discount or Netting of A / Ps and A / Rs, minimizing tax evasion. As another example, by enabling the circular flow of money within supply chains, the government can optimize its cash flow and significantly reduce the need for external financing. The same funds collected can be recycled to pay Level 1 Suppliers, eliminating the need for new debt, avoiding interest expenses, and obtaining free credit days. This approach provides liquidity to all participants in the supply chain, regardless of their credit risk, with minimal interest expenses and without relying on bank intermediation. As another example, systems and methods may monitor companies / individuals with positive working capital and automatically provide them with investment options for additional investments to put the extra capital to work, for example, within the SCLOP 102.

[0100] FIG. 2A illustrates a graphical representation 200 of a traditional Central Bank model to bring liquidity to an economy. In this example, different nodes 202 are illustrated within the model to represent the different parties that may be present within a single transaction. For example, a business 202A may have multiple suppliers 202B and / or customers 202C with different payment terms, thereby potentially creating a lack of working capital while waiting for payment andinvolving the inclusion of banks 202D or other lenders to provide short-term loans to cover working capital needs. As discussed herein, this system is inefficient and often leads to increased debt, interest expenses, and complexity for the entities. For example, the business 202A will need to individually track A / Rs, A / Ps, and their respective due dates to determine if there will be sufficient capital (e.g., from the A / Rs) in time for payment of the A / Ps. If not, the business 202A may then need to directly apply to one or more banks 202D for a working capital line of credit or a loan. The bank 202D, as a profit-maximizing organization, is not incentivized to provide the lowest interest rate to the business 202A and, moreover, may deny loans altogether if it is determined that Business 202A is not sufficiently credit-worthy, even though the business 202A may be solvent and have liquidity. Embodiments of the present disclosure address and overcome these various problems and inefficiencies through the use of the SCLOP.

[0101] As illustrated, individual borrowing entities must go through intermediaries (e.g., banks, credit unions, etc.) to boost working capital because they cannot pay their suppliers without first collecting from customers. The lack of centralization and maturity-synchronization of all A / Rs and A / Ps in the economy cause this. Financial intermediaries may then apply their Credit Committee standards and biases to determine who merits credit, regulate fund flow, limit risks, and maximize profits. The intermediary entities may set up different credit reviews that prevent borrowing entities from entering the financial market. If they are not compensated enough, such as with a high interest rate, intermediary firms may decline credit requests due to the borrowing entities' credit risks.

[0102] Systems and methods of the present disclosure may be used to address and overcome problems associated with economic expansion and inflation control through the inclusion of SCLOP. FIGS. 2B and 2C illustrate example flow charts 220A, 220B, 260A, 260B comparing traditional Central Banking operations to SCLOP. As shown in charts 220A, 220B, a first process 220A may be used by the Central Bank to expand an economy, while a second process 220B may be used by the Central Bank to control inflation. A Central Bank / Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) 206 may determine to purchase Treasury securities from primary dealers 222 to increase reserves in the banking system 224, thereby decreasing Federal Fund rates 226 and making capital more available(e.g., less expensive to borrow). Commercial banks 208, who may now obtain money to be lent out at lower interest rates, may provide loans to customers in the real 210 or speculative 212 economies to drive expansion (e.g., with the economy / employment 228 or in the housing / stock markets 230), thereby creating what is often referred to as a “boom” cycle.

[0103] The increase in the money supply may lead to inflation, which the Central Bank 206 may attempt to control using the second process 220B. In this process, the Central Bank / FOMC 206 may determine to sell Treasury securities to primary dealers 242 to decrease reserves in the banking system 244, thereby increasing the Federal Fund rates 246 and making capital less available (e.g., more expensive to borrow). The commercial banks 208, responsive to the change in the Federal Fund rates, may subsequently alter their behavior because it is now more expensive for the commercial banks 208 to obtain funds from the government to make loans, as a result, for the customers in the real 210 and speculative 212 economies, it may be more expensive to borrow, driving the economy to contract 248 or the housing / stock markets to crash 250, often referred to as “bust” cycle.

[0104] In the traditional Fractional Reserve Banking system, financial intermediary entities may obtain funds from one or more Central Banks, but operate on a maturity-unsynchronized, decentralized collections and payments system. Borrowing entities may have lines of credit or loans from a certain financial intermediary entity when they could have theoretically obtained a better interest rate from a different financial intermediary entity had they known that the financial intermediary entity was willing to lend them funds. As noted herein, this system greatly increases debt levels, and interest expenses throughout the economy, causing inflation, boom and bust cycles, unemployment, and other economic problems. The Central Bank may encourage lending by printing more money and offering that money to the financial intermediary entities at low annual interest rates, hoping this will encourage the financial intermediary entities to lend out more to companies and individuals in the real economy, which would increase nominal GDP and employment. Instead, as happened in the 2008 and 2020 financial crises, financial intermediary entities usually end up investing those inexpensive funds in the speculative economy, looking to maximize their profitsand minimize their risks, further increasing income inequality with no benefits to the real economy.

[0105] Embodiments of the present disclosure address and overcome these problems, among others, through the use of the SCLOP discussed herein. FIG. 2C illustrates a first process 260A may be used by the SCLOP to expand an economy while a second process 260B may be used by the SCLOP to control inflation. The Central Bank 206, the SCLOP Administrator, and / or a tax authority may collect and then provide invoices of all credit transitions 262 to the SCLOP 102. For example, the information may be provided to a government entity participating in the economy. The SCLOP 102 may be used to centralize and synchronize the maturities of all credit transitions in the economy to determine who sells to whom and who purchases from whom. For example, the SCLOP may be used to centralize and synchronize all commercial, financial, and / or governmental credit transactions in an economy to determine the certified A / Rs and A / Ps among participants to optimize liquidity in the supply chains without debt and minimum interest expenses, as discussed herein. As a result, a picture of the economy in terms of real transactions may be developed. The SCLOP may be executed 266 in each of the first and second processes 260A, 260B in either the customers in the real economy 210 or the speculative economy 212. As shown, the SCLOP enables a variety of benefits and improvements 268, 270 in both the first and second processes 260A, 260B.

[0106] For example, the benefits associated with growing / expanding the economy may include lowering / managing marginal interest rates, increasing / managing marginal money supplies, allowing / managing the circular flow of money in the supply chains, increasing / managing the velocity of money, and controlling / managing inflation. Similarly, the benefits associated with controlling inflation may similarly provide increasing / managing marginal interest rates, lowering / managing marginal money supplies, allowing / managing the circular flow of money in the supply chains, and lowering / managing the velocity of money in the different supply chains.

[0107] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be used to control one or more macroeconomic variables. By way of non-limiting example, systems and methods may be used to lower / manage marginal interest rates, increase / manage marginalmoney supplies, increase / manage the velocity of money, allow / manage the circular flow of money in the supply chains, and / or control / manage inflation. By way of example, lower / managed marginal interest rates may be controlled using embodiments of the present disclosure. Since the marginal annual interest rate of Level 2 suppliers and beyond is 0%, then by increasing or decreasing the annual interest rate of specific suppliers at tiers 2 and above, systems and methods can control the annual interest rate they pay. One or more embodiments may enable a SCLOP Administrator, such as a government entity, to define that a specific supplier or supply chain, in the real or speculative economy, pays 0%, while others pay 5%, as one example. Embodiments may also be used to control how much money is increased in the supply chain or not. For example, if the SCLOP Administrator allows for a higher or lower percentage of money to be kept on hand or paid to suppliers. Embodiments may also be used to control the velocity of money in the supply chains in the real and speculative economies. For example, a SCLOP Administrator could restrict liquidity to a specific supply chain or a specific level of suppliers or could offer preferential SCLO and Netting services to Micro and Small companies only, or to large bottleneck companies that have the highest velocity of money and operate in supply chains in industries with high unemployment or high unused production capacity. Other embodiments may also be used to control / manage the Circular Flow of Money in the Supply Chains in the real and speculative economies. For example, a SCLOP Administrator could allow the Circular Flow of Money to government entities to optimize their cash flow and minimize dependence on external financing. It could also limit the number of times the Circular Flow of Money is performed or could limit participation to only local companies operating in the agricultural sector and not allow the circulation of money with participating international companies. It could also provide a 0% annual interest rate to companies or entities that allow the circulation of money in their supply chains if money is paid to suppliers instead of kept as cash by such companies or entities. Other embodiments may also be used to control / manage inflation in the Supply Chains in the real and speculative economies. For example, A SCLOP Administrator could reduce inflation within specific supply chains or sectors of the real or speculative economies by adjusting key monetary variables. This could involve decreasing the marginal quantity of money, increasing the marginal annual interest rate, andenabling the circular flow of money. By simultaneously increasing the velocity of money within these supply chains, participating companies can access liquidity without incurring debt from banks, thereby avoiding further expansion of the total money supply and mitigating inflationary pressures.

[0108] Systems and methods of the present disclosure address and overcome the deficiencies shown in FIG. 2B by providing a centralized and maturity- synchronized platform for electronic invoices in an economy. This system may effectively control one or more macroeconomic variables in the economy in a more efficient, inexpensive, and fair manner than current methods by reducing and / or eliminating bank intermediation and providing improved liquidity to different entities within the economy. FIG. 2C illustrates a graphical representations 260A, 260B implementing the SCLOP 102 described herein. Various embodiments may use the SCLOP 102 to implement one or more aspects of liquidity through supply chains economic theory (LSCET) to allow a centralized entity, including but not limited to a Central Bank, Government Entity, Authorized Manager, etc. to monitor and control the main macroeconomic indicators of both the real and the speculative (or non-real) economies, through the SCLT and SCLOP without relying on banks as financial intermediaries of short-term liquidity to achieve economic growth, minimizing debt, interest expense, tax evasion, unemployment, economic crises caused by market bubbles and inflation, while increasing financial inclusion, aggregate demand and standard of living. By eliminating the need for financial intermediary entities for short-term financing, the centralized entity can democratize money and make it available to everyone who owns an A / R certified by an entity or individual that participates in these supply chains at low cost, without debt and zero or minimal interest expenses, instead of depending on banks to grant loans to only those who comply with the requirements of their Credit Committees with vastly different annual interest rates based on their credit risks, and the majority of low-income people and Micro, Small and Medium size companies excluded from access to bank credit, particularly in less developed countries. Systems and methods may eliminate traditional approaches where higher-risk borrowing entities are required to pay higher costs, thereby perpetuating a cycle where the higher-risk entities have lower profitability, and higher debt / equity ratios, limiting their capacity toobtain additional loans and grow. SCLOP enables the Administrator to convert typical short-term A / R financing transactions (factoring or a bank short-term credit line) into short-term fixed-income investment transactions guaranteed (certified) by local investment-grade debtors or government entities who irrevocably agree to pay the certified amount on a fixed date to the SCLT. The risk to an investor who buys a certified A / R is not the credit risk of the supplier or employee who sold it at a discount, but rather the credit risk of the local investment-grade debtor or government entity that guarantees payment of the certified A / R on a fixed date to the SCLT. Since the Debtor guaranteeing the certified A / R has an extremely low credit risk, all participants in the supply chain led by that Debtor benefit from paying a small fraction of its low annual interest rate. Accordingly, using embodiments of the present disclosure, the SCLOP Administrator can control the velocity of money, the circular flow of money in the supply chains, the marginal quantity of money, and the marginal lending annual interest rates targeted circulating in the different supply chains at specific local or international companies, including financial institutions and their employees that buy and sell on credit and are part of specific supply chains in targeted economic sectors, of the real and speculative economies, to achieve the desired nominal GDP. In this manner, it is easier to control inflation as the marginal lending interest rate can be set even to 0% per year. At the same time, specific inflation rates can be targeted at desired companies and specific supply chains of specific industries, of the real and speculative economies, irrespective of their credit risks and general current inflation rate.

[0109] FIG. 2D illustrates a schematic representation 280 of an embodiment of the SCLOP 102 being implemented with an investment-grade debtor 282. As shown in this example, embodiments provide the investment-grade debtor 282 as an initial investor utilizing the SCLOP 102. As noted herein, the investment-grade debtor 282 could be a government entity, a corporate entity, an individual entity, or various combinations thereof. For example, the investment-grade debtor 282 could be the government whose economy is implementing the SCLOP 102 or may be a sovereign wealth fund willing to invest in another economy, among other options. In this example, a manager 284 may be an authorized entity to oversee the SCLOP 102, such as a government entity or an entity authorized bythe government or Central Bank to execute the SCLOP 102. The manager 284 may then facilitate the distribution of funds to different level suppliers along the supply chains. The certified A / Rs of first-level suppliers are sold at a discount to investors and the money is deposited in the SCLT (which may be managed by the SCLOP manager 284). As a result, the money within the system rapidly moves along different level suppliers. As noted herein, the SCLOP centralizes and synchronizes the timing of collections and payments for all certified A / R and A / P in real-time across local and international supply chains. This significantly increases the velocity of money without causing inflation, as the same initial money supply — provided by the Debtor or an Investor purchasing a discounted certified A / R — is reused to pay certified A / Ps throughout the supply chains. This process provides affordable liquidity to almost all businesses and individuals trading on credit, eliminating the need for short-term bank debt, credit limits, and reducing most short-term interest expenses without bank intermediation. Companies that sell for cash can also join the SCLOP. They would not pay interest or handling fees but would instead get extra credit days -such as 15 days as one non-limiting example - to pay their certified accounts payable as a reward for keeping the money flowing through the supply chain. However, cash-selling companies that choose not to participate act like bottlenecks, stopping the flow of money in their supply chains.

[0110] In this example, a series of first-level (e.g., Level 1 ) suppliers 286 (shown as 286A and 286B in this non-limiting example, as there may be any number of first- level suppliers 286) certify the A / R of second-level (e.g., Level 2) suppliers 288 (shown as 288A-1 , 288A-2, 288B-1 , and 288B-2, which again is a non-limiting example because there may be any number of second-level suppliers 288) who also sell them at a discount. Since the money paid to second-level suppliers 288 comes from the same money collected by first-level suppliers 286, then there is no additional debt or cost of funds. That is, the marginal annual interest rate is effectively 0% from second-level suppliers 288 and beyond. Additional levels of suppliers (not illustrated) may also be added to the process to work through the entire supply chain for different A / Rs and A / Ps.

[0111] As one example, since the marginal lending interest rate is 0% from Level 2 suppliers and beyond, there may be two alternatives.) Charge an annual interest rate to Level 2 suppliers and beyond, with the interest income shared among the Investor, the Debtor leading the supply chain, the direct Debtor (e.g., Level 1 suppliers are the direct Debtors of Level 2 suppliers, Level 2 suppliers are the direct Debtors of Level 3 suppliers, and so on) and possibly the SCLOP, if it is established as such by the SCLOP Administrator, typically the government. This approach reduces the net interest expense for all direct Debtors, increases the Investor's income, and enhances the certification bonus or extended credit terms for the Debtor leading the supply chain. Under this model, companies in the supply chain may pay different annual interest rates. Variations could include adjusting the credit multiplier for each supplier level or increasing it as the supply chain extends. For example, if the credit multiplier for Level 1 suppliers is 1.50 (e.g., a Debtor paying on 90-day terms now pays on 135 days: 90 x 1.50 = 135 days), the multiplier could rise to 1.55 for Level 2 suppliers, 1.55 for Level 3 suppliers, and so on. This would increase the total free credit days or certification bonus for the Debtor as new supplier levels are added. Similarly, the SCLOP Administrator could implement a compensation structure for Investors, where they earn progressively higher annual interest rates: for instance, 5.00% for Level 1 suppliers, 5.25% for Level 2 suppliers, 5.50% for Level 3 suppliers, and so forth. This incentivizes participation and aligns benefits across the supply chain. ) The interest charged to the Level 1 supplier through the Prompt Payment Discount is shared among all participants in the supply chain, including the Level 1 supplier. As more companies participate, the interest expense for each decreases, resulting in a lower annual interest rate for all. This approach ensures that the annual interest rate paid by each company in the supply chain is significantly lower than the annual interest rate charged to the Level 1 supplier. Meanwhile, the Debtor leading the supply chain benefits from a certification bonus or extended credit terms based on the Level 1 supplier's credit multiplier, and the Investor earns interest solely from the annual interest rate applied to the discounted purchase of the Level 1 supplier's certified A / R. Under this model, all savings aredistributed across the supply chain, enabling all participants to access the same low annual interest rate regardless of their size or credit risks without requiring bank intermediation.

[0112] In operation, implementation of various alternative operations, suppliers, interest rates, and / or the like may be decided, at least in part, by the SCLOP Administrator. For example, the Central Bank or the government could be the SCLOP Administrator and could establish policies so that all participants receive the lowest annual interest rate, or could be procured for giving liquidity to the poorest or smallest of companies that lack access to bank credit. Additionally, in certain industries or applications, different companies may be charged different annual interest rates. For example, such an approach may be appropriate when a participating company has excess cash flow and does not want to discount its certified A / Rs. In those instances, the high liquidity company can be given a 0% annual interest rate or be allowed to collect when due, so that it, in effect, becomes a pass-thru company but does not generate any direct revenue for the SCLOP. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, companies can choose what terms they are willing to participate under.

[0113] As noted herein, different levels of suppliers may be charged different annual interest rates, for example, to entice investment and / or cover risks within the SCLOP 102. In at least one embodiment, the annual interest rates levied to Level 1 suppliers (e.g., Supplier A 286A and Supplier B 286B) may increase or decrease based on fluctuations in international interest rates. When annual interest rates decrease, savings may be shared between the investment-grade debtor 282, the Investor and Level 1 suppliers 286A, 286B, not kept by SCLOP manager 284, as banks do. In certain embodiments, the annual interest rates charged to Level 1 Suppliers of a Debtor vary minimally, if at all, given that the cost of funds for that Debtor is the same regardless of the certified amount. For instance, the SCLOP could structure a single annual interest rate to be charged to all Level 1 Suppliers regardless of the certified amount, or it could structure different annual interest rates according to the certified amount. As one nonlimiting example, from $1 million or more per certified A / R transaction, the annual interest rate may be 8.50%, from $500,000 to $1 million, 8.75%, from $100,000 to $500,000, 9%, from $25,000 to $100,000, 9.25%, and from $25,000 or less,9.50%. In this example, the annual interest rate charged to the smallest supplier is only 1% higher than the annual interest rate charged to the largest supplier. In this example, the certification bonus or extended credit terms of the Debtor leading the supply chain increases as the annual interest rate charged to suppliers increases. As noted herein, because the investor's non-payment risk is borne by the government entity or the Investment-grade Debtor (e.g., debtor 282) that certified the A / Rs of Level 1 suppliers (e.g., Suppliers 286), those suppliers do not require credit committee approval, nor do they incur debt or financing- related expenses or taxes, as they are merely selling this guaranteed-by-Debtor Asset (certified A / R) at a discount, under a Prompt Payment Discount mechanism that is not financing. Under LSCET, the annual interest rates levied to Level 1 suppliers are based on the credit risk of the Debtor certifying the A / R not the Level 1 suppliers. In operation, this could then allow Level 1 suppliers to take advantage of the low credit risk of their customers to extend credit to them at a reduced cost of funds, rather than incurring debt at a higher cost of funds, plus any financing taxes and additional expenses, in order to extend credit to their customers.

[0114] One example of the SCLOP 102 in action may be provided in view of discounting an A / R certified by the investment-grade debtor owned by a Level 1 supplier and bought at a discount by an investor. For this example, it is assumed that the lowest acceptable annual interest rate for an investor to earn when purchasing an A / R certified by an investment-grade Debtor at a discount is 6% for up to 135 days. The SCLOP could utilize a credit multiplier equal to 1.5 times the cost of funds, resulting in a 9% annual interest rate (6% x 1 .5 = 9%) on the discount applied when the supplier sells his certified A / R to investors. Accordingly, the Debtor earns 100% of the interest spread (certification bonus) of 3% (=9% - 6%) on the Level 1 supplier transaction. The Debtor may elect to receive the certification incentive in cash or through an extension of credit terms. Thus, the Level 1 Supplier pays 9%, of which 6% is allocated to the Investors and 3% is allocated to the Debtor. Assuming Level 1 Supplier provides 90 days credit to the Debtor, the Debtor can either request to be paid the 3% interest spread in cash and continue making payments at 90 days or request that the SCLOP delay payment until 135 days (90 days multiplied by 1.5 = 135 days). The total cost forthe Level 1 supplier would consist of the Prompt Payment Discount, the SCLOP Handling Fee, and any applicable sales tax on the Handling Fee.

[0115] Continuing with this example, assuming the invoice amount assigned to the SCLT by the Level 1 Supplier is $105,000, but the Debtor certifies $100,000 due to a pending $5,000 credit note, then the $100,000 certified A / R is offered at a discount to investors, with the investor who offers the lowest annual interest rate winning the bidding. In an example, if the Debtor certifies the A / R assigned by the Level 1 supplier to the SCLOP, then it will pay the certified amount to the SCLT rather than to the Level 1 Supplier at maturity. The tables below provide the certification bonuses as one non-limiting example:

[0116] FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate example flow chart 300 of a process corresponding to SCLO that may be used with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in the flow chart, the process may begin by searching for primary Debtor accounts 302 and then calculating a discount for Prompt Payment 304. For example, the discount may be a percentage of the total, a certain fee,and / or the like. In the example table shown herein, the Prompt Payment Discount was 3.32%, which was determined by finding the percentage of the total cost of the supplier divided by the total certified amount. The accounts may be assigned to one or more investors 306, such as who offered the lowest annual interest rate in an example where an auction or bidding process is used for investors. In one or more embodiments, investors can set investment parameters (e.g., percent discount they offer to suppliers; minimum / maximum certified A / R amounts of the transactions they are interested in; minimum / maximum due days and the amount of total money they are interested in investing on a given Debtor or sector in the economy (debtors are classified by sector), etc.). In operation, when the system needs to assign an investor to a transaction, it will first eliminate all investors who are not interested, for example using one or more filters or parameters. The remaining available investors may be ranked or otherwise assigned one or more metrics to provide investment.

[0117] In at least one embodiment, the SCLOP generates external electronic debits to investors’ checking accounts 308 and awaits arrival of funding to the SCLT from the investors 310. Funding may be provided by a single investor or by groups of investors. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, an investment may be crowdsourced or otherwise made available for participation by a variety of investors. The SCLOP may determine whether all debits have been completed 312. If not, then it may be determined by the SCLOP whether a maximum waiting period has been reached 314. If not, waiting continues. If so, or if all debits have been completed, then the process may reverse accounts that failed the debit or were not completed within the maximum waiting time 316. Otherwise, the accounts may be marked complete for received debits 318 at the SCLT and a deposit in temporary accounts of the supplier may be performed 320.

[0118] In at least one embodiment, the process may further include the SCLOP determining whether there is a balance in a temporary supplier account. If so, then the balance may be transferred to a permanent account and used to pay other balances. These other balances may be discounted due to prompt payment, may be paid, then may be marked for completion. If there is no funding remaining in temporary accounts, then rate adjustments may be applied to permanentaccounts, and the permanent account balance may be transferred to an external account.

[0119] Continuing the process as “A” in FIG. 3B, one or more embodiments may determine whether a balance is available in temporary supplier accounts 322. If so, then the balance may be transferred to a permanent account 324. Since the supplier assigned his A / R to the SCLT, the SCLT owns the certified A / R and sells it at a discount to an Investor following the suppliers’ orders given through the SCLOP. Debtors, suppliers and investors have access to the data on the SCLOP related to them. The SCLT Administrator has access to all data. In one or more embodiments, the payments and collections are automatic based on the negotiations of suppliers and Investors through the platform. In practice, suppliers are given low annual interest rates based on the lowest bidder rates. These cost of funds rates are multiplied by a credit multiplier ratio, which typically fluctuates from 1 to 1 .5. That is, if the investor who offered the lowest annual interest rate offered 6% then the supplier will be offered 9% (=6% * 1 .5), and thus if the usual credit terms were 60 days, then 60 *1 .5 = 90 days of new extended credit terms (30 days for free). Furthermore, Debtors and suppliers can negotiate a credit multiplier of their choosing.

[0120] Accounts may then be analyzed to identify accounts that may be paid from the permanent account 328. The Prompt Payment Discount may be calculated 330, as discussed herein, and the accounts may be debited / credited 332 to satisfy A / R and / or A / P. The accounts may be marked as processed 334 and then further balances are evaluated within the accounts, as discussed herein. If no balance remains, then additional adjustments are calculated 336, such as discounts for prompt payment, and instructions are generated and transmitted to permanent accounts 338. The payment is then transferred to an external account 340.

[0121] FIG. 3C illustrates an example flow chart 350 of a netting process that may be utilized with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, accounts are loaded 352 to be grouped and summarized for each debtor-supplier pair 354. For example, accounts may correspond to participants within the SCLOP and one or more algorithms may execute to determine pairs of debtors / suppliers based, for example, on A / R and / or A / P between differententities. A company list may be generated in at least one embodiment 356 and one or more evaluation criteria may be determined to evaluate the company list 358. For example, one or more nodes to explore may be set to a value, such as a 2.

[0122] By way of evaluating the company list, one or more companies may be removed based on evaluation criteria 360. It may be determined whether one or more records were deleted 362. If so, then the evaluation criteria may be adjusted 364, such as adding or removing nodes for evaluation. If not, then it may be determined whether the list is empty or whether there was a criteria error 366. If so, the process may end. If not, then a company may be selected from the list 368 and it may be determined whether the company has A / R and / or A / P 370. If not, then it may be determined whether additional entities are on the list 372, and if the last company is not at the end of the list, then a different company may be selected 374. If the end of the list has been reached, then the evaluation criteria may be adjusted.

[0123] A second evaluation criteria may be determined 376, such as by setting a node counter or setting a value or target equal to the selected company. A suppliers list for the company may be generated 378 and a lowest debt may be identified 380. Thereafter, the value of the lowest debt may be paid to each company in the list 382 and records may be generated 384. The process may then be repeated as long as there are available funds and / or companies for evaluation.

[0124] FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic overview of an embodiment of a transaction using the SCLOP 102. It should be appreciated that various aspects of the transaction have been simplified and / or removed for clarity with the present disclosure. In this example, the SCLOP 102 serves as a platform, which may be controlled or administered by a central entity, for managing, centralizing and maturity-synchronizing different transactions, such as commercial, tax and financial transactions between one or more entities. In this example, a supplier 402 is active within the SCLOP 102 and offers certified A / R at a discount to investors 404 in the SCLOP 102. In this example, an investment 406 may be funded, at least in part, by funds 408 provided by the one or more investors 404 and / or an investment-grade debtor. That is, the Debtor certifying the A / R mayhave the first option to buy his own debt at a discount, before it is presented to investors. The funds 408 may be provided due to the backing of certified A / R 410 provided by the supplier 402. That is, the investor 404 may be willing to provide the funds 408 because an underlying asset guaranteed by the Debtor backs the investment (e.g., the certified A / R 410) providing confidence in the investment.

[0125] As shown, the certified A / R 410 may be a result of different transactions between the supplier 402 and a customer 412. For example, the supplier 402 may provide goods or services to the customer 412 and may provide an invoice in the form of an A / R 414 to represent a value owed to the supplier 402 by the customer 412. The customer 412 may also show the amount owed as A / P 416. In operation, the supplier 402 may receive the payment (from at least a portion of the investment 406) from the SCLT via the SCLOP 102 in exchange for selling the certified A / R 410 at a discount to the investor 404. The payment is less than the certified A / R 410 (e.g., a dollar amount paid to the supplier 402 is less than a dollar amount of the certified A / R 410), which may also be referred to as a Prompt Payment Discount. At maturity, the customer 412 (e.g., debtor) will pay the A / P 416 to the SCLT via the SCLOP 102 to cover the total amount of the certified A / R 410 and a return may be provided to the investor 404. In this manner, the supplier 402 may quickly obtain funding for various outbound costs 418 without incurring debt, and going through a traditional banking credit analysis process, regardless of the credit risk of the supplier 402.

[0126] As noted herein, embodiments of the present disclosure may continue such a process along a chain of suppliers and customers with different levels paying different or equal annual interest rates and / or being used to accelerate the use of the initial funds 408 provided to the SCLOP 102. In this manner, an initial infusion of money into the SCLOP 102 may be used to pay a much larger total amount of A / Ps from multiple levels of suppliers down the supply chains at lower cost and with a higher velocity of money in the supply chains than traditional banking systems without increasing total money supply or inflation, while still providing the same or higher returns to investors with a reduced risk profile.

[0127] FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic representation 420 of the process to provide liquidity to a number of downstream entities. In this example, the initial government debt is shown as being $10,000, but it should be appreciated thatthis value is provided by way of non-limiting example only. As shown in this example, the initial annual interest rate on the $10,000 debt is 5% (five percent). However, by adding the number of different companies at different levels, the cost of that initial interest is spread out over multiple entities. Accordingly, whereas in traditional systems each entity may need to pay that 5% rate (or more for smaller, less credit-worthy entities), now the entities can distribute the costs of the initial interest expense over multiple-level suppliers, thereby allowing the entities to pay a much lower annual interest rate (in this example, all companies in the five-level supply chain pay an annual interest rate of only 1.20%) than would otherwise normally be paid.

[0128] As noted herein, the initial suppliers may accept a reduced amount in exchange for prompt payment. For example, the largest supplier company, which may be the most credit-worthy, may be owed $10,000, but in exchange for faster payment, may accept $9,762, which in this example represents a difference based on the interest expense, fees, and the like. Downstream entities that are owed less than this remaining $9,762 may similarly accept lower amounts in exchange for faster payments, and so forth, with the benefit of accepting lower amount payments being increased liquidity at a much lower annual interest rate than could otherwise be obtained by the entity alone without getting into debt. In this manner, systems and methods allow for rapid movement of money throughout the system with a single “infusion” of funding, rather than having each entity in the chain go to a creditor to get their own line of credit, at higher debt levels, interest expenses, and annual interest rates and with likely decreased availability, while increasing total money supply and possibly causing inflation. The more companies and individuals participate in the different levels of the supply chains, the lower the interest expense and annual interest rate each pays.

[0129] In at least one embodiment, the annual interest rates can vary depending on transaction size at different levels. For example, two non-limiting possible variations include: 1 ) Where annual interest rate is charged to each and every company in the different levels of the supply chain. Each paying the same or different annual interest rates depending on transaction size. This model minimizes total debt but may not minimize total interest payments in the economy, but it increases the interest spread earned by the Primary Debtor. And 2) Wherethe interest expense paid by Level 1 suppliers via Prompt Payment Discount, is proportionately paid by all companies on the different levels of each supply chain, including Level 1 suppliers. Therefore, the annual interest rate paid by all suppliers participating in the supply chain is well below the annual interest rate paid by Level 1 suppliers if acting alone or with a loan from a bank. This approach minimizes total debt levels and interest payments in the economy and is the preferred model. Furthermore, systems and methods may also incorporate a mixture of the two approaches, whereas new levels of suppliers join the SCLOP, the credit multiplier is increased to the Primary Debtor, so that the interest expense charged to Level 1 suppliers is increased but the higher interest expense is diluted among all suppliers in the supply chain, giving a lower total debt, a lower annual interest rate and a lower interest expense than those paid by Level 1 suppliers if acting alone.

[0130] As one non-limiting example, the large company 422 may assign A / R 424 to the SCLT 426. The amount of the A / R in this example is $10,000.00, but as noted herein, the large company 422 may accept to receive less in exchange for prompt payment. The government 428 may certify 430 the value of the A / R 424 and then the investor 412 buys 432 the A / R 424 at a discount. Advantageously, because the non-payment risk for the investor 412 is borne by the government 428 or the Investment-grade Debtor that certified the A / Rs 424 of Level 1 suppliers, those suppliers do not require a bank’s credit committee approval, do not incur debt, nor do they incur financing-related expenses or taxes, as they are merely selling this guaranteed-by-Debtor Asset (e.g., certified A / R) at a discount. Annual interest rates levied to Level 1 suppliers are based on the credit risk of the Debtor. In practice, systems and methods may allow Level 1 suppliers to take advantage of the low credit risk of their customers to extend credit to them at a reduced cost of funds, rather than incurring debt at a higher cost of funds, plus financing taxes and additional expenses, to extend credit to their customers.

[0131] In one or more embodiments, the investor 412 may pay less than the total value of the A / R 424. The SCLT 426 may now begin administering payment to the remaining companies 434, 436, 438, 440. As shown, as the supply chain grows longer, the interest 442 paid by individual companies decreases compared to the annual interest of 5% associated with the government 428. That is, in thisexample, the companies participating in the supply chain proportionately share the cost of the interest expense incurred by Level 1 suppliers among themselves using the liquidity of the investor who bought the certified A / Rs of suppliers Level 1. By administering all payments through the SCLT 426 (e.g., via the platform) embodiments may address problems with existing systems such as conflicts of interest with traditional banking establishments. For example, banks may have a conflict of interest with their customers because they increase profits by increasing the annual interest rate charged to customers and by not reducing the annual interest rate when their cost of funds decreases. Since the banking model determines the annual interest rate to their customers based on their respective credit risks and available credit competition, the majority of companies and individuals do not have access to bank credit, especially in less developed countries, where the annual interest rates charged to their customers vary greatly between the least risky and riskiest customers. For example, in the configuration of FIG. 4B, it may be difficult for the company 440 to get a loan from a bank due to its size, and if a loan is obtainable, the company 440 may have a higher annual interest rate than, for example, the company 422. Embodiments address and overcome this problem by spreading out the costs of money over a number of entities, allowing each to receive a lower annual interest rate than they could have obtained otherwise. As shown, the SCLOP does not have a conflict of interest, unlike banks, because it does not receive interest rate compensation and only charges a Handling Fee based on the certified amount. SCLOP maximizes profits by encouraging competition between banks and investors to reduce the annual interest rates paid by companies and individuals. The lower the annual interest rates, the greater the volume of transactions and the greater the Handling Fees earned by the SCLOP. In addition, the SCLOP is transparent, meaning that Debtors, Investors, and Suppliers will always be aware of the annual interest rates earned by Investors, charged to Suppliers, and benefits obtained by Debtors via SCLOP. The annual interest rates levied to Level 1 Suppliers will increase or decrease based on fluctuations in international annual interest rates. When annual interest rates decrease, savings are shared between the Debtor and Level 1 Suppliers, not kept by SCLOP. Payments 444 may accelerate along the chains and an SCLOP Administrator 446 may also receive a fee for its services. For example, all local and international companies andindividuals who are affiliated with the SCLOP and SCLT can give online instructions to the SCLOP on whom to pay once the certified A / R is collected at the SCLT or on Prompt Payment Advances on uncertified A / Rs. The SCLOP will automatically make the advancement or give instructions to, for example, a Pre- Authorized Payment Instructions module associated with the platform, to make payments to specific local and international companies and individuals once it collects specific certified A / Rs from the SCLT. The authorization can be based on a priority order, irrevocable, non-irrevocable, minimum guaranteed payment, total or partial payment allowed, recurring fixed or variable payment for a specific period of time, one-time, etc. At maturity, the government 428 may pay the SCLT 426, which may then pay the balance to the investor 412.

[0132] FIG. 4C illustrates a schematic representation 450 of a process to provide liquidity to a number of downstream entities using one or more components of the example shown in FIG. 4B. In this example, the large entity (Large 1 ) assigns A / R to the SCLT 426, as shown by the numeral 1. The debt is certified by the government, as shown by the numeral 2. For example, the $10,000 A / R of the numeral 1 may be certified by the government at the SCLT 426. Thereafter, the investor 412 may buy the certified debt as a discount, as shown by the numeral 3. The discount in this example is $125 (e.g., the debt is purchased for $9,875). Numeral 4 illustrates a payment made to the administrator 446. Additionally, numeral 4 illustrates payment to the large entity 1 , which may be a payment of $0, as discussed herein. Additional payments are shown by the arrows and associated table, which eventually leads to a payment of $9,353,70 at the micro entity. The government may then pay the $10,000 debt at maturity, as shown by the numeral 5, and the SCLT may pay the $10,000 maturity back to the investor 412, as shown by the numeral 6.

[0133] FIG. 4D illustrates a representation 470 of annual interest rate decreases as the number of companies participating in the supply chain increases.

[0134] FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method 500 for implementing (SCLOP). It should be appreciated that steps for the method may be performed in any order, or in parallel, unless otherwise specifically stated. Moreover, the method may include more or fewer steps. In this example, a request is received from an entity to participate in an SCLOP 502. For example, the request may include the entityproviding information in the form of a questionnaire, as noted herein. The entity may then be certified along with at least one associated A / R 504. The A / R may correspond to an amount owed to the entity for providing one or more goods or services.

[0135] In at least one embodiment, the SCLOP may receive a payment for the rights to at least one associated A / R 506. For example, an investor may choose to invest in the A / R to provide funding. Additionally, in various embodiments, payments may be received from government entities or other entities, or combinations thereof. A responsive payment may be provided to the entity 508. The responsive payment may be less than the value of the A / R, which may be provided faster than the associated debtor would otherwise pay the A / R. For example, the associated debtor may have certain payment terms (e.g., 90 days) that are undesirable to the entity 508. By accepting the reduced payment in exchange for sooner payment, the entity 508 may have improved access to liquidity. A second entity may then provide settlement for the A / R 510 and the investor providing the payment may be provided with a return payment at maturity 512, which may include their initial payment along with a bonus or interest payment or collecting the full certified A / R amount at maturity and making a profit on the discount received, which may be preferred in one or more embodiments. In this manner, a SCLOP may be provided to allow Primary Debtors to get additional extended credit terms directly from investors, while immediately paying its suppliers’ certified A / Rs with a discount. For instance, say the extended credit term with the SCLOP goes from 90 days of credit to 135 days. That is, 45 days of additional free credit days, yet the primary Debtor issues a payment guarantee to the SCLT, such as a note or bond, to the investors through the SCLOP at 360 days and pays the additional interest expense incurred above 135 days.

[0136] FIG. 6 illustrates a set of general components of an example computing device 600. In this example, the device includes a processor 602 for executing instructions that can be stored in a memory 604. The device can include many types of memory, data storage, or non-transitory computer-readable storage media, such as a first data storage for program instructions for execution by the processor 602, a separate storage for images or data, a removable memory forsharing information with other devices, etc. The device may optionally include a display element 606, such as a touch screen or liquid crystal display (LCD), although devices such as portable media players might convey information via other means, such as through audio speakers, and other devices may not include displays, such as server components executing within data centers, among other options. As discussed, the device in many embodiments will include at least one interaction component 608 able to receive input from a user. This input can include, for example, a push button, touch pad, touch screen, wheel, joystick, keyboard, mouse, keypad, or any other such device or element whereby a user can input a command to the device. In some embodiments, however, such a device might not include any buttons at all and might be controlled only through a combination of visual and audio commands such that a user can control the device without having to be in contact with the device. In some embodiments, the computing device 600 of FIG. 6 can include one or more network interfaces or communication components 610 for communicating over various networks, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, RF, wired, or wireless communication systems. The device may be configured to communicate with a network, such as the Internet, and may be able to communicate with other such devices. The device will also include one or more power components 612, such as power cords, power ports, batteries, wirelessly powered or rechargeable receivers, and the like.

[0137] Storage media and other non-transitory computer readable media for containing code, or portions of code, can include any appropriate media known or used in the art, including storage media and communication media, such as but not limited to volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data, including RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD- ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by a system device. Based on the disclosure and teachings provided herein, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate other ways and / or methods to implement the various embodiments.

[0138] FIG. 7 illustrates an example flow chart of an example process 700 that may be used with embodiments of the present disclosure. The example flow chart illustrates the circular supply chain money flow in which an investor 702 and a Debtor 704 are interacting with a Level 1 supplier 706. As shown, the Debtor 704 certifies A / R of $1 ,000,000 and the investor 702 purchases the A / R at a discount. In this example, the Level 1 supplier 706 owes $800,000 to a Level 2 supplier 708, which owes $600,000 to a Level 3 supplier 710, which further owes $500,000 to a Level 4 supplier 712, which owes $400,000 to a Level 5 supplier 704, which happens to be the Debtor leading this supply chain. As discussed herein, the chain can extend for any number of suppliers and the five illustrated in FIG.7 are by way of non-limiting example. At the end of the chain, the Level 5 supplier (Debtor) 704 may then recycle the $400,000 (which is owed by the Level 4 supplier 712 to the Level 5 supplier (Debtor) 704) to pay other Level 1 supplier debts associated with the Debtor 704, starting a new payment cycle without needing additional investor money to pay multiple A / Ps down this new supply chain. The funds used to pay the certified A / Rs in the new supply chain come from the Investor’s initial investment in the Level 1 supplier's certified A / R in the original supply chain. This effectively links the two supply chains, further reducing the annual interest rates for all participants in both chains. Supply chains can be linked as long as the Debtor is also a supplier in the supply chain it leads. The money flow stops when the Debtor is no longer a supplier in its supply chain.

[0139] One or more embodiments may enable the SCLOP to be fed with real- time / near real-time economic and activity data, such as inventory levels, construction advancements, employment and inflation data, new house construction permits, economic growth, profitability, bank credit, total debt to GDP, speculative markets performance, etc.. Information may be provided per industry, per economic sector, by demographics, etc. so that the SCLOP automatically manages and adjusts at least five macroeconomic variables to obtain the target economic outcomes. FIG. 8 illustrates a graphical representation 800 of management of different economic variables. In this example, the real-time data 802 is provided to the SCLOP 804, which as discussed herein, provides access to credit and liquidity 806. Further shown are at least five macroeconomic variables, including marginal annular interest rates 808, marginal money supply810, circular flow of money 812, velocity of money 814, and inflation 816. Systems and methods of the present disclosure may be used to obtain one or more of a set of targeted outcomes 818.

[0140] One or more embodiments may implement one or more artificial intelligence systems to detect variations in one or more input macroeconomic and other data to modify the variables 808-816, as non-limiting examples. Systems and methods may be used for real time control of one or more macroeconomic variables based on economic activity detected by electronic invoicing in the entire economy.

[0141] To increase the velocity of money 814, systems and methods may be used to minimize or not allow participants to keep money on hand, and instead may require participants to pay what they collect to their suppliers. As a result, minimum available cash is turned over many times paying a much bigger amount of certified accounts receivable. Additionally, systems and methods may be used to minimize interest expenses or commissions, so that more money is left to pay other downstream suppliers. Furthermore, the smaller the credit days of the level 1 supplier, the more money is left to pay downstream suppliers, further increasing the velocity of money 814. Moreover, the lower the annual interest rate earned by the investor, the more money is left to pay downstream suppliers, also increasing the velocity of money 814. Other techniques to increase the velocity of money 814, which may be managed and implemented by systems and methods of the present disclosure may include giving liquidity preference to companies that have supply chains with high velocity of money; giving traditional loans to bottleneck companies to lengthen the supply chains; and / or using circular flow of money to lengthen the supply chains. Embodiments may also do the opposite to decrease the velocity of money, which may be targeted to specific parties or specific supply chains.

[0142] Embodiments also increase the marginal annual interest rate 808, such as by increasing the annual interest rate earned by the investor; increasing the annual interest rate charged to supply chain participants above the marginal annual interest rate of the supply chain; not passing interest rate savings to suppliers; increasing the credit days multiplier in favor of the Debtor; shortening the length of the supply chains; allowing the participants to keep money in hand and not use it to pay downstream suppliers; increasing handling commissions so they are leftwith less money; and giving preference to level 1 suppliers that have the highest credit days to debtors, so suppliers have to pay more interest. The marginal annual interest rate 808 may be decreased by doing the opposite.

[0143] Systems and methods also be increase the marginal money supply 810, such as by not allowing supply chain participants to keep money on hand, so the same money pays more accounts receivable by more companies; paying large companies first and smaller ones later; allowing circular flow of money; allowing more supply chain levels to obtain liquidity; and allowing more debtors to lead supply chains, probably lowering the credit standard of who can become a Debtor. In one or more embodiment embodiments, all government entities must participate as Debtors to reach most companies and individuals participating in their supply chains. The marginal money supply 810 may be decreased by doing the opposite.

[0144] Systems and methods may also be used to permit the circular flow of money 812. For example, by allowing the circular flow of money, debtors continuously use incoming collections from companies within their supply chain to pay other suppliers. Furthermore, to minimize the average certified accounts receivable and democratize investment, prioritizing paying large suppliers before smaller ones can permit the circular flow of money 812. Also, to minimize the number of transactions and have the average certified accounts receivable increase, prioritizing paying smaller suppliers before large ones may also permit the circular flow of money 812. As a result, supply chains are extended and interest earned by the investor diminishes as same investor money continues paying other suppliers, while interest expenses and marginal annual interest rates are further minimized by extending the supply chains.

[0145] Systems and methods may also be used to lower inflation 816, such as by limiting bank short-term credit creation by expanding the use of SCLOP reaching most companies and individuals participating in Debtors’ supply chains; restricting short-term liquidity access to specific companies, industries or economic sectors experiencing high inflation, if due to demand pull inflation in the real economy; increasing short-term liquidity access to specific companies, industries or economic sectors causing inflation due to production capacity limitations (supply pull inflation in the real economy); increasing short-termliquidity access to new companies desiring to enter industries facing high inflation to augment production capacity (supply pull inflation in the real economy); and limiting liquidity access to companies and individuals desiring to purchase speculative assets that do not contribute to economic growth or employment. In certain embodiments, a Government’s Central Bank should take out excess liquidity out of circulation by investing in overseas highly secured short-term investments. Systems and levels may increase inflation 816 by doing the opposite.

[0146] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate example flow chart 900 of a process corresponding to SCLO that may be used with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in the flow chart, the process may begin by searching for primary Debtor accounts 902 and then making a determination whether any primary debtor accounts are located 904. If not, the process continues. If so, the process continues with calculating a present value and discount for prompt payment of supplier level 1 906. The accounts may be assigned to one or more investors 908, such as who offered the lowest annual interest rate in an example where an auction or bidding process is used for investors. In one or more embodiments, investors can set investment parameters (e.g., percent discount they offer to suppliers; minimum / maximum certified A / R amounts of the transactions they are interested in; minimum / maximum due days and the amount of total money they are interested in investing on a given Debtor or sector in the economy (debtors are classified by sector), etc.). In operation, when the system needs to assign an investor to a transaction, it will first eliminate all investors who are not interested, for example using one or more filters or parameters. The remaining available investors may be ranked or otherwise assigned one or more metrics to provide investment.

[0147] In at least one embodiment, the SCLOP generates external electronic debits to investors’ checking accounts 910 and awaits arrival of funding to the SCLT from the investors 912. Funding may be provided by a single investor or by groups of investors. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, an investment may be crowdsourced or otherwise made available for participation by a variety of investors. The SCLOP may determine whether all debits have been completed 914. If not, then it may be determined by the SCLOP whether a maximum waitingperiod has been reached 916. If not, waiting continues. If so, or if all debits have been completed, then the process may reverse accounts that failed the debit or were not completed within the maximum waiting time 918. Otherwise, the accounts may be marked complete for received debits 920 at the SCLT and a deposit in temporary accounts of the supplier may be performed 922.

[0148] Continuing the process as “A” in FIG. 9B, one or more embodiments may determine whether a balance is available in temporary supplier accounts 924. If so, then the balance may be transferred to a permanent account 324. If not, the process reverts back to “B” in FIG. 9A. As discussed herein, because the supplier assigned his A / R to the SCLT, the SCLT owns the certified A / R and sells it at a discount to an Investor following the suppliers’ orders given through the SCLOP. Debtors, suppliers and investors have access to the data on the SCLOP related to them. The SCLT Administrator has access to all data. In one or more embodiments, the payments and collections are automatic based on the negotiations of suppliers and Investors through the platform.

[0149] Accounts may then be analyzed to identify accounts that may be paid from the permanent account 928. The present value and discount for prompt payment for suppliers level 2 and beyond may be calculated 930, as discussed herein, and the accounts may be debited / credited 932 to satisfy A / R and / or A / P. The accounts may be marked as processed 932 and then further balances are evaluated within the accounts, as discussed herein.

[0150] If no primary debtor account is found in FIG. 9A, as shown by “C”, then additional adjustments are calculated. For examples shares of interest earned by investors paid by each supplier may be calculated 936, along with determinations of instructions for applying the interest paid for each supplier to permanent accounts 938, and transfer of payment account balance to external bank accounts of suppliers 940.

[0151] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure may be described by the following clauses:1 ) A computer-implemented method for dynamically allocating credit and managing liquidity within a supply chain, the method comprising:a) receiving, via one or more data interfaces, real-time performance data associated with economic participants, wherein said real-time performance data comprises at least one of production output, sales volume, inventory levels, or contract milestones; b) computing, using one or more processors, a marginal money supply requirement for each economic participant based on the real-time performance data, wherein a money creation module automatically adjusts said marginal money supply requirement in response to deviations between actual output and forecasted output; c) determining, via an algorithmic interest rate engine, a marginal annual interest rate for individual participants or sectors, the interest rate being adapted based on at least one of verifiable production milestones, demand projections, or overcapacity indicators; d) generating, by a liquidity controller, instructions to provide incremental credit to each economic participant contingent upon reaching a respective verified milestone, wherein said instructions trigger an electronic fund transfer upon confirmation of the verified milestone; and e) continually monitoring, by a velocity-tracking module, the rate of money flow within the supply chain and automatically adjusting at least one of the marginal money supply requirement or the marginal annual interest rate to maintain a targeted velocity and minimize inflationary pressure.) The method of clause 1 , wherein the step (b) of computing the marginal money supply requirement includes: a) analyzing historical and real-time production data from disparate sources; b) applying machine learning algorithms to detect anomalies or fraudulent entries; and c) updating the marginal money supply in near real time upon detecting changing market conditions, unforeseen supply disruptions, or variations in demand.) The method of clause 1 , wherein the step (c) of determining a marginal annual interest rate further comprises: a) establishing sector-specific risk parameters based on historical default rates and observed capacity utilization; b) adjusting interest rate spreads to factor in external market conditions, including commodity prices and currency fluctuations; and c) incrementally lowering or raising individual interest rates for specific participants as soon as verified output or money velocity data deviates from an established threshold. ) The method of clause 1 , wherein the liquidity controller of step (d) further comprises: a) a rules-based engine that standardizes verification criteria for site inspections, sales invoices, or production logs; and b) a distributed ledger module that records each milestone verification, fund transfer, and interest allocation, ensuring an auditable and tamper-resistant transaction history. ) A system for real-time control of money circulation and inflation within a supply chain, comprising: a) a data-collection interface configured to gather verifiable economic metrics from manufacturing facilities, distributors, and service providers; b) a supply-chain liquidity optimizer executing on one or more processors, the liquidity optimizer comprising: i. a marginal money supply module configured to inject or remove liquidity based on actual production milestones, ii. a circular flow orchestration module designed to facilitate rapid, repeated circulation of currency between upstream and downstream participants, and iii. an inflation management engine that monitors transaction-level pricing data and automatically throttles new credit issuance tospecified sectors when inflation indicators exceed a target threshold; c) an interest rate adjustment component that assigns marginal interest rates sector-by-sector or participant-by-participant, based on real-time output and capacity assessments; and d) a user-interface portal that displays personalized liquidity allowances, outstanding credit lines, and milestone completion requirements to each participant. ) The system of clause 5, wherein the liquidity optimizer is further configured to calculate and distribute credit lines contingent upon the velocity of money in each relevant supply-chain segment, proactively scaling liquidity injections up or down to sustain target velocity ranges.) The system of clause 5, wherein the inflation management engine utilizes predictive analytics that integrate current production capacity, commodity price indexes, and workforce wage data to estimate near-term inflationary risks, triggering immediate cap or reduction in credit issuance upon detecting “overheating” signals. ) A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause a computing device to: a) receive real-time data reflecting actual economic activity among a plurality of disparate economic participants; b) analyze said data with a milestone-verification module to confirm completion of production tasks, contract milestones, or service delivery events; c) compute a recommended marginal money supply for each participant, factoring in current transaction velocity and historical performance patterns; d) set a marginal annual interest rate corresponding to each participant's verified output growth, factoring in cyclical or sector-based risks; ande) generate instructions to disburse or taper funds, wherein said instructions are provided to a remote payment gateway responsible for releasing funds upon data-driven triggers. ) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 8, wherein the instructions further cause the computing device to maintain and periodically update a circular flow index, the index rating the loop of money usage among upstream and downstream supply-chain nodes, and automatically adjusting credit appetite for nodes with suboptimal recirculation ratios. ) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 8, wherein the instructions further cause the computing device to incorporate peer- verified logs of goods shipped, services rendered, or contractual obligations met, thereby detecting inconsistencies or potential fraud before executing fund disbursements. ) A method for managing credit and liquidity in an economic system using a data-driven allocation platform (Supply Chain Liquidity Optimization Platform or SCLOP), comprising: receiving, via a computer network, real-time data inputs indicative of economic activity within a plurality of participants in a production or supply chain, wherein said data includes milestones and performance metrics such as production outputs, inventory levels, and sales volumes; dynamically calculating marginal money supply requirements for said participants based on the verified performance metrics and corresponding economic milestones, wherein credit is issued only upon the achievement of predefined milestones validated by the system; adjusting participant-specific marginal annual interest rates in real time based on economic outputs, supply chain velocity metrics, and predefined risk thresholds, thereby promoting liquidity allocation to productive sectors while discouraging speculative or underperforming activities; monitoring circular flow of funds by assessing the reinvestment and spending patterns of recipients, wherein localized transactional velocity is incentivized by dynamic rate adjustments and access to additional credit;controlling inflation by comparing aggregate price data from production, materials, and labor with the verified output growth metrics of said participants, and automatically moderating credit allocation rates when deviations from price stability are detected; and providing feedback control loops to continuously recalibrate credit, liquidity, and pricing models based on updated real-time data, ensuring alignment with economic outcomes including GDP growth, unemployment reduction, and financial inclusion. ) A system for optimizing economic outcomes via real-time management of macroeconomic variables using verified performance data, said system comprising: a data processing server configured to: receive real-time economic activity data from participants within a production or supply chain, including but not limited to production outputs, revenue milestones, inventory levels, and transactional velocities; and store said economic activity data in an interconnected database for analysis and validation; an algorithm or computational model configured to: calculate marginal money supply changes necessary for economic participants, wherein newly created monetary resources are released only for activities verified against said performance data; determine participant-specific marginal annual interest rates variable to supply chain velocity and milestone achievement metrics; analyze transaction flows to maintain a balanced circular flow of funds across interconnected participants in the supply chain; regulate inflationary tendencies by assessing aggregate price trends in relation to verified production and service milestones; a distribution module configured to:dynamically release funds and credit into specific production or service streams as pre-set milestones are achieved and validated by the system; and withhold additional credit issuance where overcapacity, resource misalignment, or speculative activities are detected; an outcome monitoring and self-adjusting feedback mechanism comprising: a continuous control loop to recalibrate allocations, rates, pricing, and liquidity flows in response to fluctuations in participant performance metrics; and a machine learning module for optimizing decision-making algorithms based on historical and real-time data inputs; and a user interface module providing instantaneous visibility into economic performance metrics, milestones, and liquidity statuses for participants and administrators. ) The method of clause 11 , wherein the issuance of credit is tightly coupled to milestone achievement, such milestones including: documented evidence of completed production units or service deliverables; verified contractual agreements with downstream buyers; measurement of real-time inventory turnover rates; customer payment confirmations or sales receipts reflective of market demand; and certification of project progress using automated validation methods such as loT sensors, blockchain confirmations, or geospatial monitoring.) The method of clause 11 further comprising: calculating the velocity of money circulation within supply chains by measuring transactional volumes and turnover times between participants over defined intervals;adjusting credit disbursement windows or settlement times to accelerate money circulation where velocity lags are detected; and dynamically linking interest rates or credit access levels to demonstrated improvements in transactional throughput or localized economic activity. ) The system of clause 12, wherein inflationary pressures in specific economic sectors are mitigated through: real-time monitoring of aggregate price data within said sectors, including inputs from raw materials, labor, and transportation; automatic adjustment of marginal interest rates and credit ceilings in response to deviations from sectoral price stability thresholds; predictive analytics that identify the likelihood of cost-push or demandpull inflation, triggering preventative interventions in credit issuance or liquidity flows. ) The method of clause 11 , wherein participation in the platform is extended to previously excluded economic actors, said participation being facilitated by: verifying micro-milestones such as individual smallholder agricultural harvests or small business sales via uploaded documentation or loT tracking devices; distributing micro-level credit or liquidity proportional to the verified milestones without reliance on traditional credit risk assessments; and building dynamic credit histories for participants by analyzing successive milestones achieved, thus progressively increasing their access to funds. ) The method of clause 11 , further comprising the promotion of circular flows at local levels by: prioritizing credit allocations to businesses actively procuring inputs from other participants within a predefined local network;analyzing reinvestment cycles and tracking the destination of disbursed funds to minimize economic leakage outside the network; and offering preferential rates or liquidity multipliers to entities fostering higher degrees of circular money movement within the platform’s ecosystem.18) The system of clause 12, further comprising a predictive feedback mechanism utilizing machine learning models to: identify emerging inefficiencies or bottlenecks in supply chains based on historical and real-time performance data; apply predictive credit throttling or expansion to balance short-term liquidity fluctuations against long-term demand trends; and continuously refine marginal variable algorithms based on evolving market conditions and systemic outcomes.19) The method of clause 11 or the system of clause 12, wherein credit is dynamically allocated to public infrastructure projects by: disbursing funds incrementally based on machine-verified progress milestones, such as completed construction phases or operational infrastructure installations; adjusting future credit releases contingent upon compliance with efficiency or cost-performance metrics; and monitoring usage patterns to ensure completed infrastructure achieves projected economic outputs or service levels.

[0152] Although the technology herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present technology. It is, therefore, to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present technology as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

Claims

1. A supply chains liquidity optimization platform, comprising: a transaction manager configured to receive requests associated with the supply chains liquidity optimization platform; an accounts receivable (A / R) datastore to record, for individual entities associated with the supply chains liquidity optimization platform, certified A / R to be paid to the individual entities; an accounts payable (A / P) datastore to record, for the individual entities associated with the supply chains liquidity optimization platform, certified A / P to be paid by the individual entities; and a payment processing service to distribute, responsive to the certified A / R, a discounted payment to an associated entity for the certified A / R and to provide, to an investor providing funding for the discounted payment, an investment payment including at least the funding and an interest payment.

2. The supply chains liquidity optimization platform of claim 1 , further comprising: a rate generator to determine an annual interest rate at one or more levels of the supply chains liquidity optimization platform.

3. The supply chains liquidity optimization platform of claim 1 , further comprising: one or more identification modules to process certifying information for the one or more entities to identify bottleneck entities.

4. The supply chains liquidity optimization platform of claim 1 , wherein a supplier interest payment of a single Level 1 supplier is paid by a plurality of suppliers within a given supply chain, and individual annual interestrates for each supplier of the plurality of suppliers are lower than an associated annual interest rate for a single supplier.

5. The supply chains liquidity optimization platform of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the A / R populating the A / R datastore and at least a portion of the A / P populating the A / P datastore are provided as electronic invoices to an administrator.

6. The supply chains liquidity optimization platform of claim 1 , wherein an overall supply of money associated with a government implementing the supply chains liquidity optimization platform does not increase due to payment processing of a plurality of A / Ps owed to a plurality of suppliers participating with the supply chains liquidity optimization platform with the fixed supply of money.

7. The supply chains liquidity optimization platform of claim 1 , wherein the investor is selected based on at least one of a set of preferences or a bidding process.

8. A computer-implemented method, comprising: identifying, from a debtor datastore, a debt certified and owed by a debtor to a first supplier; determining, for the debt, an investor to provide funding, at a discounted rate, to satisfy the debt; determining, responsive to the funding, a total annual interest rate and a total interest cost; identifying a second supplier owning a second debt to the first supplier; identifying a third supplier owning a third debt certified by the second supplier;determining, based on the total interest cost, an individual annual interest rate and an individual interest cost for each of the first supplier, the second supplier, and the third supplier, wherein each individual annual interest rate and each individual interest cost is less than the annual interest rate and the total interest cost incurred by the first supplier if acting alone; and causing each of the first debt, the second debt, and the third debt to be satisfied based, at least in part, on the funding; and providing, to the investor, the total interest cost as income at maturity, when the investor collects a certified amount of the debt.

9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein at least one of the first supplier, the second supplier, or the third supplier retains a portion of the funding.

10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the total annual interest rate is automatically calculated by one or more supply chains liquidity optimization platform (SCLOP) algorithms or established by a SCLOP Administrator.

11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the investor is selected based on at least one of a set of investor parameters or a bidding process.

12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising: receiving, for the first supplier, a certified account receivable associated with the debt; and receiving, for the first supplier, a certified account payable.

13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising: determining a bottleneck criteria for the participant; assigning a bottleneck determination to the participant; and selecting the participant based, at least in part, on the bottleneck determination.

14. A processor, comprising: one or more circuits to: identify, from a debtor datastore, a first account receivable (A / R) certified and owed by a debtor to a Level 1 supplier; determine, for the first A / R owed to the Level 1 supplier, an investor to provide funding, at a discounted rate, to satisfy the first A / R; determine, responsive to the funding, a total annual interest rate and a total interest cost; identify a Level 2 supplier owning a second account receivable (A / R) certified by the Level 1 supplier; identify a Level 3 supplier owning a third A / R certified by the Level 2 supplier; determine, based on the total interest cost, an individual annual interest rate and an individual interest cost for each of the Level 1 supplier, the Level 2 supplier, and the Level 3 supplier, wherein each individual annual interest rate and each individual interest cost is less than the annual interest rate and the total interest cost; and cause each of the first A / R, the second A / R, and the third A / R to be satisfied based, at least in part, on the funding; and provide, to the investor, the total interest cost as income at maturity, when the investor collects the certified amount.

15. The processor of claim 14, wherein at least one of the Level 1 supplier, the Level 2 supplier, or the Level 3 supplier retains a portion of the funding.

16. The processor of claim 14, wherein the total annual interest rate is automatically calculated by one or more supply chains liquidity optimization platform (SCLOP) algorithms or established by a SCLOP Administrator.

17. The processor of claim 14, wherein the investor is selected based on at least one of a set of investor parameters or a bidding process.

18. The processor of claim 14, wherein a circular flow of money is established within one or more supply chains.

19. The processor of claim 14, wherein the one or more circuits are further to: determine a bottleneck criteria for the participant; assign a bottleneck determination to the participant; and select the participant based, at least in part, on the bottleneck determination.

20. The processor of claim 14, wherein the debtor is an investment-grade debtor or a government entity. :i

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