Display panel and display apparatus

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of display. Provided are a display panel and a display apparatus, which aim to improve the light-output gain of a near-eye display apparatus. The display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, wherein each sub-pixel comprises a liquid crystal, and a color film layer and a driving structure layer, which are respectively located on two opposite sides of the liquid crystal. Each sub-pixel further comprises: an optical structure, which is located on a light-output path from a backlight source of the display panel to a light-emergent face of the display panel, wherein the optical structure comprises at least one lens, the lens is at least used for converging light emitted from the backlight source, and the orthographic projection of the lens on a plane of the display panel overlaps an opening region of the sub-pixel; and a light-shielding structure, which comprises a part located on the driving structure layer and a part located on the color film layer, wherein the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the plane of the display panel overlaps an edge of the opening region.

Description

Display panel and display device

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on February 28, 2024, with application number 202410224449.X and invention name “Display Panel and Display Device”, and priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on September 27, 2024, with application number 202411365842.7 and invention name “Display Panel and Display Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this disclosure. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display panel and a display device. Background Art

[0003] Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are currently the most commonly used flat panel displays, with thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCDs) being the mainstream. TFT-LCDs offer advantages such as thinness, light weight, excellent image quality, low power consumption, long life, digital technology, and zero radiation, making them widely used in a variety of large, medium, and small electronic products.

[0004] Currently, liquid crystal displays can be used in near-eye display devices that use virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies. Near-eye display requires that the object displayed on the display panel be imaged to a certain distance through a lens group. Therefore, it has extremely high requirements for image quality, and therefore it is necessary to increase the pixel density (pixels per inch, PPI) of the display panel. However, as the PPI (pixels per inch, pixel density) of the display increases, the aperture ratio of the pixel decreases, resulting in a lower display brightness of the pixel.

[0005] Overview

[0006] Based on the background technology, the present disclosure proposes a display panel and a display device.

[0007] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a display panel is provided, comprising a plurality of sub-pixels, each of which includes a liquid crystal, and a color filter layer and a driving structure layer respectively located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal; wherein at least one sub-pixel further includes:

[0008] an optical structure located on a light-emitting path from a backlight source of the display panel to a light-emitting surface of the display panel, the optical structure comprising at least one lens configured to converge light emitted from the backlight source; an orthographic projection of the lens on a plane of the display panel overlapping with an opening area of ​​the sub-pixel;

[0009] The light-shielding structure includes a portion located on the driving structure layer and a portion located on the color filter layer, and an orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the plane of the display panel overlaps with an edge of the opening area.

[0010] Exemplarily, the geometric center of each lens in the optical structure coincides with the geometric center of the sub-pixel area of ​​the sub-pixel.

[0011] Exemplarily, the optical structure includes:

[0012] a first optical structure, located on a side of the driving structure layer away from the liquid crystal, comprising a first lens configured to converge light emitted by a light source;

[0013] a second optical structure, located on a side of the color filter layer facing away from the liquid crystal, comprising a second lens configured to diverge the light converged by the first lens;

[0014] Wherein, the shading structure is located between the first optical structure and the second optical structure;

[0015] The orthographic projections of the first lens and the second lens on the plane of the display panel overlap with the opening area of ​​the sub-pixel, and the orthographic projection of the first lens on the plane overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second lens on the plane.

[0016] Exemplarily, the first lens includes a convex lens, and the second lens includes a concave lens.

[0017] Exemplarily, the sub-pixel further includes:

[0018] a first flat layer, located on a side of the first optical structure close to the liquid crystal;

[0019] a second flat layer, located on a side of the second optical structure close to the liquid crystal;

[0020] Wherein, the refractive index of the second lens is greater than the refractive index of the second flat layer.

[0021] Exemplarily, the driving structure layer includes a source-drain electrode layer, the light-shielding structure includes a first light-shielding layer and a second light-shielding layer, the first light-shielding layer is located on a side of the source-drain electrode layer close to the liquid crystal, and the second light-shielding layer is located between the second optical structure and the color filter layer; the arch height of the first lens satisfies the following formula:

[0022] Wherein, L is the thickness of the first flat layer, L1 is the vertical distance between the driving structure layer and the color filter layer, L2 is the distance from the surface of the driving structure layer facing away from the liquid crystal to the first light-shielding layer, h1 is the arch height of the first lens, p is the minimum size of the sub-pixel area, Δn1 is the refractive index difference between the first lens and the first flat layer, a represents the width of the first light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel, b represents the width of the second light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel, and c represents the width of the source and drain layer in the plane direction of the display panel.

[0023] Exemplarily, the driving structure layer includes a source-drain electrode layer, the light-shielding structure includes a first light-shielding layer and a second light-shielding layer, the first light-shielding layer is located on a side of the source-drain electrode layer close to the liquid crystal, and the second light-shielding layer is located between the second optical structure and the color filter layer; the aperture and arch height of the second lens satisfy the following formula:

[0024] Wherein, L is the thickness of the first flat layer, L1 is the vertical distance between the first flat layer and the second flat layer, L2 is the distance from the surface of the driving structure layer facing away from the liquid crystal to the cmetal layer, h2 is the arch height of the second lens, D2 is the aperture of the second lens, Δn2 is the refractive index difference between the second lens and the second flat layer, p is the minimum size of the sub-pixel area, a represents the width of the first light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel, b represents the width of the second light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel, and c represents the width of the source and drain layer in the plane direction of the display panel.

[0025] Exemplarily, the aperture of the second lens is larger than the projection distance of the first lens on the upper surface of the light emitting surface after focusing.

[0026] Exemplarily, a first distance between the aperture of the first lens and the edge of the sub-pixel area is smaller than a second distance between the aperture of the second lens and the edge of the sub-pixel area.

[0027] Exemplarily, the first spacing is less than 0.5 μm.

[0028] Exemplarily, the arch height of the second lens is 0.5-1.5 μm, and the second spacing is 0-3.5 μm.

[0029] Exemplarily, in the thickness direction of the display panel, the first optical structure includes a first substructure, a third flat layer, and a second substructure in sequence, and the second optical structure includes a third substructure, a fourth flat layer, and a fourth substructure in sequence;

[0030] The first substructure and the second substructure both include the first lens, and the third substructure and the fourth substructure both include the second lens.

[0031] Exemplarily, the side of the first optical structure close to the liquid crystal includes a first flat layer;

[0032] The thickness of the third planar layer is different from the thickness of the first planar layer.

[0033] Exemplarily, the display panel includes a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines, and the gate lines and the data lines define sub-pixel regions of a plurality of the sub-pixels;

[0034] The distance between the second lens in the third substructure and the boundary of the subpixel area in the direction of the data line is different from the distance between the second lens in the fourth substructure and the boundary of the subpixel area in the direction of the gate line.

[0035] Exemplarily, the material of the lens includes any one of glass and silicon nitride.

[0036] Exemplarily, both the first lens and the second lens include ellipsoidal lenses.

[0037] Illustratively, the optical structure includes a third lens, which is located on a side of the color filter layer away from the liquid crystal, and is used to converge light emitted from the color filter layer.

[0038] Exemplarily, the driving structure layer includes a source and drain layer, and the light shielding structure includes:

[0039] A first light shielding layer is located on a side of the source and drain electrode layer close to the liquid crystal;

[0040] a second light-shielding layer, located on a side of the second optical structure close to the liquid crystal, the second light-shielding layer defining a plurality of opening areas;

[0041] The width of the first light-shielding layer on the plane is greater than the width of the second light-shielding layer on the plane, and the orthographic projections of the first light-shielding layer and the second light-shielding layer on the plane overlap with the orthographic projection of the lens on the plane.

[0042] Exemplarily, the central axis of the first light-shielding layer and the second light-shielding layer in the light-shielding structure overlap, and the optical axis of each lens in the optical structure is offset relative to the central axis.

[0043] A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a display device comprising any display panel described in the first aspect.

[0044] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present disclosure. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present disclosure, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present disclosure more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present disclosure are listed below.

[0045] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or related technologies, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or related technologies. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive efforts. It should be noted that the scales in the drawings are for illustration only and do not represent the actual scale.

[0047] FIG1 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a display panel according to this embodiment;

[0048] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG3 is a schematic planar structural diagram of the driving structure layer 14 of the display panel in this embodiment;

[0050] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a sub-pixel in a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] 5a and 5b are schematic cross-sectional views of two sub-pixels in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing the optical path of light emitted by a light source in a sub-pixel;

[0053] FIG7 is a schematic diagram showing the film layer structure in a sub-pixel;

[0054] 8a to 9b respectively show schematic cross-sectional structures of four display panels;

[0055] FIG10 is a schematic diagram showing viewing angle requirements corresponding to different positions of the display panel of FIG8b;

[0056] FIG11 shows the light output angle spectrum after the lens in FIG8b is translated by different distances;

[0057] FIG12 is a schematic diagram showing simulation results of the focal length requirements of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 and the minimum aperture requirement of the second lens 23;

[0058] FIG13 and FIG15 are schematic diagrams showing simulation analysis of the effects of different morphologies of the second lens 23 on the gain within a range of plus or minus 10 degrees at the same second spacing;

[0059] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a simulation analysis of the effect of the first lens 12 on the gain within 10 degrees at different first spacings;

[0060] FIG16 is an evaluation result of the optical gain effect of the second optical structure including a layer of second lens 23;

[0061] FIG17 is an evaluation result of the optical gain effect of the second optical structure including the double-layer second lens 23;

[0062] FIG18 shows an SEM image of a lens made of inorganic materials;

[0063] FIG19 shows an SEM image of a lens made of glass;

[0064] FIG20 is a schematic diagram showing the layout of the second lens 23 in the sub-pixel area Pa;

[0065] FIG21 shows the relationship between the vault h and the focal length f of the third lens 210 under different refractive index differences Δn;

[0066] FIG22( a ) shows the relationship between the dome height h and the brightness gain ratio in the case of a brightness gain within 18°;

[0067] (b) in FIG22 shows the angular spectrum of light emission of a pixel with different dome heights h.

[0068] Detailed description

[0069] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0070] In this specification, the terms "electrically connected" and "coupled" include components connected together via an element having some electrical function. There are no particular limitations on the "element having some electrical function" as long as it enables the transfer of electrical signals between the connected components. Examples of "element having some electrical function" include not only electrodes and wiring, but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other components with various functions.

[0071] In this specification, "parallel" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and thus also includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. Furthermore, "perpendicular" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and thus also includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0072] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" is to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, meaning "including, but not limited to."

[0073] In the embodiments of this application, "same layer" refers to the relationship between multiple film layers formed from the same material after the same step (e.g., a one-step patterning process). "Same layer" here does not always mean that the thickness of multiple film layers is the same or the height of multiple film layers in the cross-sectional view is the same. Polygons in this specification are not strictly defined and can be approximate triangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, pentagons, or hexagons, etc., and some small deformations due to tolerances may exist.

[0074] In the embodiments of the present application, since the source and drain of the transistor are symmetrical, the source and drain can be interchanged. In the embodiments of the present application, one of the source and drain of the transistor can also be referred to as the first electrode, and the other of the source and drain can be referred to as the second electrode.

[0075] It will be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being on another layer or substrate, it can be directly on the other layer or substrate, or intervening layers may be present therebetween.

[0076] First, the technical terms involved in this embodiment are explained as follows:

[0077] FOV, also known as field of view in optical engineering, determines the visual range of an optical instrument. The field of view (FOV) is the angle between the two edges of the maximum range through which the image of the measured object can pass, with the lens as the vertex. The field of view determines the instrument's field of view. A larger field of view indicates a greater field of view and a smaller optical magnification.

[0078] The eyebox is a structure within an AR device. Its size directly affects the range within which clear virtual images can be seen, determining the user's flexibility in wearing AR glasses. In near-eye displays, if the eyebox is too small, even the slightest movement of the AR device will result in incomplete virtual content.

[0079] In related technologies, the pixel density and resolution of near-eye display devices are crucial for providing clear images. Higher pixel density and resolution ensure image detail and sharpness, improving visual quality. In some technologies, the pixel density of LCDs used for near-eye displays can reach 2000 PPI. However, the reduction in pixel size exacerbates the problem of color crosstalk between adjacent sub-pixels and reduces light output efficiency.

[0080] In addition, in near-eye displays, the characteristics of single-person viewing lead to significant differences in the optical machine's requirements for the display device's luminous angle compared to traditional displays. For a Pancake optical path with a 105° FOV (field of view), when the eyebox is equal to 8*12mm, the luminous angle requirement for the display device is only 10°. Therefore, the display device needs to consider the energy gain within 10° of the light output.

[0081] In view of this, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display panel, which may include multiple sub-pixels, each sub-pixel including liquid crystal and a color filter layer 21 and a driving structure layer 14 located on both sides of the liquid crystal, wherein at least one sub-pixel also includes an optical structure and a shading structure, the optical structure is located on the light output path from the backlight source of the display panel to the light output surface of the display panel, the optical structure includes at least one lens, and the lens is at least used to converge the light emitted by the backlight source; the orthographic projection of the lens on the plane of the display panel overlaps with the opening area of ​​the sub-pixel; the shading structure includes a portion located on the driving structure layer and a portion located on the color filter layer, and the orthographic projection of the shading structure on the plane of the display panel overlaps with the edge of the opening area.

[0082] In the display panel of this embodiment, the shading structure overlaps with the edge of the opening area Po, so that color crosstalk between sub-pixels can be avoided through the shading structure. On this basis, the light from the backlight source can be converged by the lens, thereby improving the display brightness of the emitted light. In this way, energy gain within 10° of the emitted light can also be provided to the display device.

[0083] The display panel in the embodiment of the present disclosure is exemplarily described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0084] 1 to 4 and 8a and 8b, FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the display panel of the present embodiment, FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a display panel of the present disclosure embodiment, FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the driving structure layer 14 of the display panel of the present disclosure embodiment, and FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a sub-pixel in the display panel of the present disclosure embodiment. First, the display panel includes:

[0085] Multiple sub-pixels, as shown in FIG5a , each sub-pixel includes a liquid crystal 3, and a color filter layer 21 and a driving structure layer 14 located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal 3; wherein at least one sub-pixel further includes:

[0086] The optical structure is located on the light output path from the backlight source of the display panel to the light output surface of the display panel. The optical structure includes at least one lens (lens 12 and lens 23 in FIG. 5 a ). As shown in FIG. 6 , the lens is at least used to converge the light emitted by the backlight source. As shown in FIG. 5 a , the orthographic projection of the lens on the plane of the display panel overlaps with the opening area Po of the sub-pixel.

[0087] As shown in FIG5 a , the light shielding structure includes a portion located at the driving structure layer 14 and a portion located at the color filter layer 21 . The orthographic projection of the light shielding structure on the plane of the display panel overlaps with the edge of the opening area Po.

[0088] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , the display panel can be composed of a backlight (the light source shown in FIG5 a ), a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, and liquid crystal 3 filled between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2. After the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are fastened together, the liquid crystal 3 is filled between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2. The backlight can be disposed on the side of the first substrate 1 facing away from the second substrate 2 and is used to provide the light source for the display panel. The first substrate 1 can be an array substrate, on which a drive structure layer 14 is disposed. The second substrate 2 can be a color filter substrate, on which a color filter layer 21 is disposed.

[0089] As shown in FIG2 , the display panel may include a display area AA and a non-display area FAA. A plurality of pixel units PX are arranged in an array in the display area AA. Each pixel unit PX includes three sub-pixels corresponding to different colors, such as a red sub-pixel PX1, a blue sub-pixel PX2, and a green sub-pixel PX3.

[0090] As shown in FIG3 , the driving structure layer 14 on one side of the first substrate 1 can be arranged in an array with multiple sub-pixel areas Pa, each sub-pixel area Pa corresponding to a sub-pixel. The sub-pixel area Pa includes a pixel circuit Pc, which includes at least one thin-film transistor. A data driver and a scan driver are provided on one side of the first substrate 1. The data driver is connected to multiple data lines S (including S1, S2, S3, S5, and Sn), and the scan driver is connected to multiple gate lines G (including G1, G2, G3, and Gm). The multiple gate lines G and the multiple data lines S intersect to define multiple sub-pixel areas Pa. The data lines S provide a driving voltage for the pixel circuit Pc, and the gate lines G provide a startup voltage for the pixel circuit Pc. Furthermore, the device includes multiple reset signal lines E (including E1, E2, E3, and Ei), which provide a reset signal for the pixel circuit Pc.

[0091] As shown in Figure 8a, for each sub-pixel, the structure of the sub-pixel may include liquid crystal 3, a color filter layer 21 located on both sides of the liquid crystal 3, and a driving structure layer 14. The color filter layer 21 may be located on the second substrate 2, and the driving structure layer 14 may be located on the first substrate 1.

[0092] Among them, the color filter layer 21 can also be called a color filter, which can include multiple color filter units, each color filter unit corresponds to a sub-pixel, and a pixel unit PX includes multiple color filter units of different colors, such as green color filter, blue color filter and red color filter, so that the light from the light source entering the color filter layer 21 through the liquid crystal 3 is filtered by the corresponding color filter and then emits green light, blue light and red light.

[0093] As shown in Figure 4 , the sub-pixel region Pa of a sub-pixel may include an opening region Po. The opening region Po can be understood as a light-transmitting region, which is the area within the sub-pixel region Pa that allows light to pass through. That is, when the liquid crystal 3 is deflected at a certain angle, light emitted by the backlight panel is emitted from the opening region Po. The orthographic projection of the color filter unit may cover the opening region Po. The area within the sub-pixel region Pa excluding the opening region Po can be referred to as a light-blocking region, which does not allow light to pass through.

[0094] In this embodiment, an optical structure may also be included in each sub-pixel. The optical structure may include at least one lens, such as one lens or multiple lenses. When one lens is included, the lens may be arranged on the side of the first substrate 1, or may be arranged on the side of the second substrate 2. As shown in Figures 8a and 8b, the sub-pixel includes a lens 210, which is arranged on the side of the second substrate 2 and is used to converge the light emitted from the color filter layer. The lens for converging the light may be a convex lens.

[0095] The orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure (indicated by reference numerals 25, 16, and 15 in FIG8 a ) on a plane overlaps with the edge of the opening area Po. Specifically, the light-shielding structure can be arranged circumferentially along the edge of the opening area Po, which can enclose a light-transmitting area, such as the equivalent light-emitting area in FIG8 a and FIG8 b .

[0096] Specifically, the light-shielding structure includes a portion disposed on the drive structure layer 14 and a portion of the color filter layer 21. Thus, the light-shielding structure may include at least two light-shielding layers. These at least two light-shielding layers can block light emitted by the backlight source near the edge of the sub-pixel, while forming a light-passing area for the light emitted by the light source in the middle of the sub-pixel, thereby preventing color crosstalk between adjacent sub-pixels. Furthermore, because the lens in the optical structure is used to at least converge the light emitted by the backlight source, the light output intensity is enhanced within each sub-pixel, thereby improving the light output gain.

[0097] In an exemplary display panel of this embodiment, as shown in Figures 8a and 8b , the driving structure layer 14 may include a source-drain electrode layer 15. The source-drain electrode layer 15 may refer to the source and drain electrodes of the thin-film transistor in the pixel circuit Pc, specifically including the source and drain electrodes of the thin-film transistor. The source and drain electrodes may be provided on the same layer. Generally, the source electrode may be connected to the data line S (including S1, S2, S3, and S4), and the drain electrode may be connected to the pixel electrode. The light shielding structure may include a first light shielding layer 16 and a second light shielding layer 25. The first light shielding layer 16 may be located on the side of the source-drain electrode layer 15 closer to the liquid crystal 3. For example, as shown in Figures 8a and 8b , the first light shielding layer 16 is located between the source-drain electrode layer 15 and the liquid crystal 3. The second light shielding layer 25 may be located on the side of the color filter layer 21 facing away from the liquid crystal 3. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8a , the second light shielding layer 25 is located between the color filter layer 21 and the lens 210. In this way, the first light shielding layer 16 is closer to the light source than the second light shielding layer 25.

[0098] Among them, the first light-shielding layer 16 may include a metal material, such as the same metal material as the source-drain electrode layer 15, or it may be different from the metal material of the source-drain electrode layer 15. The width of the orthographic projection of the first light-shielding layer 16 on the plane of the display panel may be greater than the width of the orthographic projection of the source-drain electrode layer 15 on the plane of the display panel, so that the first light-shielding layer 16 can block the light at the edge of the sub-pixel area Pa to avoid color crosstalk between sub-pixels.

[0099] The second light-shielding layer 25, also known as a black matrix layer, can be formed of a black material such as titanium dioxide. The second light-shielding layer 25 defines the opening areas Po of the multiple sub-pixels. Thus, both the first light-shielding layer 16 and the second light-shielding layer 25 can be used to block light emitted by the light source near the edge areas of the sub-pixels, and form an equivalent light-emitting area of ​​the light source in the middle area of ​​the sub-pixels. The first lens 12 is used to converge the light within the equivalent light-emitting area.

[0100] The width of the first light-shielding layer 16 can be greater than the width of the second light-shielding layer 25. Specifically, the width of the orthographic projection of the first light-shielding layer 16 on the plane of the display panel can be greater than the width of the orthographic projection of the second light-shielding layer 25 on the plane of the display panel. In one example, the central axes of the first light-shielding layer 16 and the second light-shielding layer 25 overlap, and the optical axis of the lens in the optical structure has an offset distance relative to the central axis. The offset distance can be between 1μm and 1.5μm, such as 1μm, 1.2μm, 1.3μm, 1.3μm, or 1.5μm. Furthermore, it can be between 1.2μm and 1.4μm.

[0101] 6 as an example, the central axis may refer to the central axis CA2 of the first light shielding layer 16 and the second light shielding layer 25 in the normal direction of the display panel, and the optical axis may refer to the central axis CA1 of the lens.

[0102] Among them, the orthographic projections of the first light-shielding layer 16 and the second light-shielding layer 25 on the plane can overlap with the orthographic projection of the lens on the plane. In this way, the first light-shielding layer 16 and the second light-shielding layer 25 can shield the light converged by the third lens at the edge of the opening area Po, further avoiding color crosstalk between sub-pixels.

[0103] The overlapping refers to the overlap between the edges of the first light-shielding layer 16 and the second light-shielding layer 25 and the edge of the lens.

[0104] In the display panel provided in some embodiments, taking FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b as an example, the optical structure includes a third lens 210. The third lens 210 is located on the side of the color filter layer away from the liquid crystal. The third lens is used to converge the light emitted from the color filter layer.

[0105] As shown in Figures 8a and 8b, the sub-pixels in the display panel include a shading structure, which also includes a first shading layer 16 and a second shading layer 25, wherein a third lens 210 is provided on the second substrate 2, and the third lens 210 is located on the side of the color filter layer 21 away from the liquid crystal. A flat layer 22 is provided between the third lens 210 and the color filter layer 21. The third lens 210 can be used to converge the light emitted by the color filter layer 21, thereby improving the brightness gain of the sub-pixel and reducing color crosstalk between sub-pixels.

[0106] In some embodiments, the third lens is disposed in a middle area of ​​the sub-pixel region, and a peak brightness of the sub-pixel region within a light emitting viewing angle is located at a central position of the sub-pixel region.

[0107] In some further embodiments, the third lens is disposed away from the middle region of the sub-pixel region, so that the peak brightness of the sub-pixel region within the light emission viewing angle deviates from the center position of the sub-pixel region.

[0108] In some embodiments, a flat layer is further provided between the third lens and the color filter layer. By adjusting the refractive index of the flat layer and the third lens, a better light output gain can be achieved.

[0109] Next, a display panel provided with a third lens will be described.

[0110] In an exemplary display panel, the central axis of the third lens and the central axis of the sub-pixel area Pa may coincide with or be offset by a certain distance.

[0111] As shown in FIG8 a , the central axis of the third lens coincides with the central axis of the sub-pixel region Pa. In FIG8 b , the central axis of the third lens deviates from the central axis of the sub-pixel region Pa.

[0112] Based on the requirement of a field of view (FOV) of 105°, the light output angle requirement of a 2.1-inch display panel is calculated and analyzed. For example, a schematic diagram of the viewing angle requirements corresponding to different positions on the display panel is shown in FIG10 , wherein the horizontal axis is the position on the display panel, i.e., the image height, and the vertical axis is the angle. Curve 1, Curve 2, and Curve 3 are relationship curves between the positions and angles corresponding to the smaller pupil point ray, the main ray, and the larger pupil point ray, respectively.

[0113] As shown in Figure 10, the desired brightness peak is not in the direction facing the display panel, that is, 0°, but in the direction at an angle of 10° to this direction. The positive and negative signs shown in Figure 10 only indicate the direction of the angle, not the size of the angle. Assuming that the light output requirement of the display panel is a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) greater than or equal to 8.57°, as shown in Figure 10, since the brightness peak within the light output viewing angle is selected to be shifted from 0° to around 10°, the angle corresponding to the left edge of the display panel is 0°, and the angle corresponding to the right edge is -9.17°. Among them, for the left edge position, the angle corresponding to the smaller pupil point light is +8.57°, and the angle corresponding to the larger pupil point light is -8.57°, which needs to meet the light output requirement of FWHM ≥ 8.75°; correspondingly, for the right edge position, the angle corresponding to the smaller pupil point light is -9.17° + 8.57° = -1.84°, and the angle corresponding to the larger pupil point light is -9.17° - 8.57° = -16.73°, which also needs to meet the light output requirement of FWHM ≥ 8.75°.

[0114] Based on the results of theoretical calculations, a simulation model was established, and the simulation results shown in Figure 11 were obtained. Figure 11 shows the light emission angle spectrum after the third lens in Figure 8b is translated by different distances. The horizontal axis is the light emission angle and the vertical axis is the brightness. Curve 1 is the light emission angle spectrum of the sub-pixel when the third lens is not offset relative to the center of the pixel unit PX. Curves 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are the light emission angle spectrum of the sub-pixel when the third lens is translated relative to the center of the sub-pixel by 0.2μm, 0.4μm, 0.6μm, 0.8μm, 1.0μm, 1.2μm, and 1.4μm, respectively. It can be seen that after the light is collected by the third lens, the angle range corresponding to the FWHM of each curve is ±10.06°, which meets the light emission requirement of the display panel mentioned above, that is, FWHM ≥ 8.57°. As shown in Figure 11, by translating the third lens by approximately 1.4μm, the brightness peak can be shifted to around 10°, thereby meeting the viewing angle requirement shown in Figure 10.

[0115] Therefore, even when the third lens is offset from the central axis of the sub-pixel area Pa, the viewing angle requirement can still be met.

[0116] In another exemplary display panel, in the case of including a first light-shielding layer 16 and a second light-shielding layer 25, a third lens 210 can be provided on the side of the color filter layer 21 facing away from the liquid crystal 3. The third lens 210 can be used to converge light, such as a convex lens, which can also improve the light output gain.

[0117] For this configuration, in order for the third lens 210 to achieve brightness gain, the width of the second light-shielding layer 25, the width of the first light-shielding layer 16, the distance between the first light-shielding layer 16 and the second light-shielding layer 25, and the distance between the third lens 210 and the second light-shielding layer 25 must satisfy formula (1). W1 / W2=H1 / (H1+H2) (1);

[0118] Wherein, W1 is the width of the second light shielding layer 25 , W2 is the width of the first light shielding layer 16 , H1 is the distance between the third lens 210 and the second light shielding layer 25 , and H2 is the distance between the first light shielding layer 16 and the second light shielding layer 25 .

[0119] According to formula (1), the distance H1 between the third lens 210 and the second light-shielding layer 25 can be calculated, thereby determining the placement of the third lens 210. For example, the thickness of the second flat layer 22 (located between the third lens 210 and the color filter layer 21) can be set equal to H1. For example, when W1 = 1 μm and W2 = 2.8 μm, H1 can be calculated to be 2.22 μm.

[0120] Next, the arch height of the third lens 210 can be calculated using formulas (2) to (5). The width of the third lens 210 is set to be less than or equal to the width of the sub-pixel. Here, in order to obtain the maximum light collection size, the width of the third lens 210 can be set to be equal to the width of the sub-pixel. f / [f-(H1+H2)]=D3 / D2 (2); D2=D3-W2 (3); f=R / △n (4); R2=(Rh)2+(D3 / 2)2 (5);

[0121] Wherein, h is the arch height of the third lens 210, f is the focal length of the third lens 210, D3 is the width of the third lens 210 (also referred to as the aperture of the third lens 210), D2 is the width of the equivalent light-emitting area formed by the first light-shielding layer 16, R is the curvature radius of the third lens 210, and Δn is the difference between the refractive index of the third lens 210 and the ambient refractive index of the third lens 210.

[0122] Specifically, the width D2 of the equivalent luminous area is determined based on the width D3 of the third lens 210 and the width W2 of the first light-shielding layer 16, in combination with formula (2). Furthermore, the focal length f of the third lens 210 is calculated based on the width D3 of the third lens 210, the width D2 of the equivalent luminous area, the distance H1 between the third lens 210 and the second light-shielding layer 25, and the distance H2 between the first light-shielding layer 16 and the second light-shielding layer 25, in combination with formula (4). Since the focal length f of the third lens 210 is related to the radius of curvature R and the refractive index difference Δn between the third lens 210 and its surroundings, the radius of curvature R of the third lens 210 can be calculated based on formula (4). Furthermore, the dome height h of the third lens 210 is calculated based on the radius of curvature R of the third lens 210, in combination with formula (5). After determining the width D2 and dome height h of the third lens 210, the basic shape of the third lens 210 can be determined.

[0123] For example, when H1 = 2.22 μm, the focal length of the third lens 210 can be calculated as f = 11 μm according to Formulas (2) and (3). According to Formulas (4) and (5), when Δn = 0.38, the dome height of the third lens 210 is calculated as h = 1 μm. Here, Δn is the difference between the refractive index of the third lens 210 and the ambient refractive index of the third lens 210, that is, the difference between the refractive index of the third lens 210 and the refractive index of the material of the flat layer 140. The larger the refractive index difference Δn, the smaller the required dome height h.

[0124] Figure 21 shows the relationship between the dome height h of the third lens 210 and the focal length f for different refractive index differences Δn. Curve 1, Curve 2, and Curve 3 are the relationship curves between the dome height h and the focal length f for the cases where Δn = 1.8-1.3 = 0.5, Δn = 1.8-1.42 = 0.38, and Δn = 1.9-1.3 = 0.6, respectively. It can be seen that, for the same focal length f, a larger refractive index difference Δn requires a smaller dome height h.

[0125] According to the results of theoretical calculation, a simulation model is established, and the simulation results shown in Figure 22 can be obtained. Among them, (a) in Figure 22 shows the relationship between the arch height h and the brightness gain ratio in the case of brightness gain within 18°. Here, 18° means that the light emitted by the sub-pixel is collected within 18°. It can be seen that the brightness gain ratio of the third lens 210 is the largest when the arch height h = 1.2μm. Due to the influence of factors such as the spherical aberration of the third lens 210, there is a difference between the arch height of 1.2μm obtained by simulation and the arch height of 1μm calculated using the above formulas (5) to (8), but this difference is acceptable. Therefore, the arch height h = 1.2 can be selected as the result used in the final design of the third lens 210.

[0126] Figure 22(b) shows the angular emission spectrum of a pixel with different dome heights h. The horizontal axis represents the light emission angle, and the vertical axis represents the brightness. Curves 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the angular emission spectrum of the pixel when no third lens 210 is provided, when the third lens 210 has a dome height of h = 0.6 μm, when the third lens 210 has a dome height of h = 0.8 μm, when the third lens 210 has a dome height of h = 1 μm, and when the third lens 210 has a dome height of h = 1.2 μm, respectively. It can be seen that adding the third lens 210 to the sub-pixel increases the overall light transmission within the light emission viewing angle by approximately 33.42%.

[0127] As shown above, the third lens 210 in the embodiment of the present application can be set in the middle area of ​​the sub-pixel, and the peak brightness of the sub-pixel within the light-emitting viewing angle is located at the center of the sub-pixel, which is equivalent to deflecting the light at a large viewing angle to a positive viewing angle, thereby improving the brightness of the sub-pixel within the light-emitting viewing angle.

[0128] Based on this, adding a third lens 210 to the sub-pixel for converging light can increase the brightness of the light output. In the embodiment of the present application, the third lens 210 can be placed in the middle area of ​​the sub-pixel. The peak brightness of the sub-pixel within the light output viewing angle is located at the center of the sub-pixel. This is equivalent to deflecting light from a wide viewing angle to a normal viewing angle, thereby improving the brightness of the sub-pixel within the light output viewing angle. For details, please refer to the above embodiment.

[0129] In a display panel proposed in yet another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b , the optical structure may include a first optical structure and a second optical structure, and accordingly, a light-shielding structure is located between the first and second optical structures. The first optical structure is located on the side of the drive structure layer 14 facing away from the liquid crystal and includes a first lens 12, which is configured to converge light emitted by the light source. The second optical structure is located on the side of the color filter layer 21 facing away from the liquid crystal and includes a second lens 23, which is configured to diverge the light converged by the first lens 12. The orthographic projections of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 on the plane of the display panel both overlap with the opening area Po of the sub-pixel, the orthographic projection of the first lens 12 on the plane overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second lens 23 on the plane, and the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the plane overlaps with the edge of the opening area Po.

[0130] In the display panel of this embodiment, the shading structure overlaps with the edge of the opening area Po, so that color crosstalk between sub-pixels can be avoided through the shading structure. On this basis, the light from the light source can be converged by the first lens 12, and the light converged by the first lens 12 can be diverged by the second lens 23, thereby improving the display brightness of the emitted light. In this way, energy gain within 10° of the emitted light can be provided to the display device.

[0131] Hereinafter, the display panel having the first lens and the second lens according to this embodiment will be exemplarily described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0132] Please refer to Figures 1-5b. Figures 5a and 5b are schematic cross-sectional views of two sub-pixels in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figures 1-5b, the display panel in this embodiment may include multiple sub-pixels. Each sub-pixel includes a liquid crystal 3, and a color filter layer 21 and a driving structure layer 14 located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal 3. At least one sub-pixel further includes:

[0133] The first optical structure is located on the side of the driving structure layer 14 away from the liquid crystal 3 and includes a first lens 12. The first lens 12 is configured to converge the light emitted by the light source;

[0134] The second optical structure is located on the side of the color filter layer 21 away from the liquid crystal 3 and includes a second lens 23. The second lens 23 is configured to diverge the light converged by the first lens 12.

[0135] The above-mentioned light-shielding structure is located between the first optical structure and the second optical structure;

[0136] Among them, the orthographic projections of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 on the plane of the display panel overlap with the opening area Po of the sub-pixel, the orthographic projection of the first lens 12 on the plane overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second lens 23 on the plane, and the orthographic projection of the shading structure on the plane overlaps with the edge of the opening area Po.

[0137] A first optical structure is provided on the side of the drive structure layer 14 facing away from the liquid crystal 3. Taking Figure 4 as an example, the first optical structure can be located on the side of the first substrate 1 facing away from the second substrate 2, and between the first substrate 1 and the backlight panel. The first optical structure can include a first lens 12, which can be configured to converge light emitted from the backlight panel. The converged light passes through the area between the shading structures and reaches the color filter layer 21. After being filtered by the corresponding color filter units in the color filter layer 21, it is incident on the second optical structure.

[0138] The second optical structure includes a second lens 23 , and the second lens 23 can be configured to scatter the light after color filtering by the color filter layer 21 .

[0139] In this embodiment, the orthographic projection of the first lens 12 on the plane of the display panel overlaps with the opening area Po of the sub-pixel. In one example, the orthographic projection of the first lens 12 on the plane of the display panel may be located within the opening area Po of the sub-pixel.

[0140] The orthographic projection of the second lens 23 on the plane of the display panel overlaps with the sub-pixel opening area Po. In one example, the orthographic projection of the second lens 23 on the plane of the display panel can be located within the sub-pixel opening area Po. In another embodiment, the orthographic projection of the second lens 23 on the plane of the display panel can fall within the orthographic projection of the first lens 12 on the plane of the display panel.

[0141] The first lens 12 and the second lens 23 are in a one-to-one correspondence. For example, within a sub-pixel, the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 cooperating with the first lens 12 are included.

[0142] The orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on a plane overlaps with the edge of the opening area Po. Specifically, the light-shielding structure can be arranged circumferentially along the edge of the opening area Po, which can enclose a light-transmitting area. Specifically, the light-shielding structure is arranged between the first lens 12 and the second lens 23, and is located between the backlight panel and the second lens 23. It can be used to block light emitted by the backlight panel near the edge area of ​​the sub-pixel, and form a light-transmitting area for light emitted by the light source in the middle area of ​​the sub-pixel.

[0143] Please refer to Figure 6, which shows a schematic diagram of the optical path of light emitted by the backlight panel in a sub-pixel. As shown in Figure 6, the light emitted by the backlight panel first enters the first lens 12, and is then converged by the first lens 12 and incident on the first substrate 1. In this way, the first lens 12 can focus the light emitted by the light source, and the focused light passes through the light passage area between the shading structures to improve the brightness within the light output viewing angle of the sub-pixel, and the focused light will not crosstalk to adjacent sub-pixels in the light passage area of ​​the sub-pixel, thereby avoiding the color crosstalk problem between adjacent sub-pixels.

[0144] The focused light is color-filtered by the color filter unit and then incident on the second lens 23 . The second lens 23 can diverge the incident light, such as diverging it into parallel light, thereby ensuring the light output efficiency of the sub-pixel.

[0145] In one example, the orthographic projection of the second light-shielding layer 25 on the plane and the orthographic projection of the second light-shielding layer 25 on the plane can overlap with the orthographic projection of the second lens 23 on the plane. As a result, the light efficiency of the output light of the second lens 23 can be increased, so that the light output from the opening area Po is all diverged by the second lens 23, which helps to improve the light output gain.

[0146] In this embodiment, the color crosstalk between adjacent sub-pixels can be avoided by the shading structure. The first lens 12 is set to first converge the light emitted by the light source to improve the brightness of the light, and then the second lens 23 is used to diverge the light to improve the light efficiency, thereby ensuring the energy gain of the display panel within 10° of the light output.

[0147] In some embodiments, the geometric centers of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 may coincide with each other, and the geometric centers of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 coincide with the geometric center of the sub-pixel area Pa.

[0148] As shown in Figure 6 , the geometric center can refer to the central axis CA1 of the sub-pixel area Pa in the normal direction of the display panel. Thus, when the central axes of the first lens 12, the second lens 23, and the sub-pixel area Pa coincide, as shown in Figure 6 , the light converged by the first lens 12 can converge at the center of the sub-pixel area Pa and diverge around the center of the sub-pixel area Pa after passing through the second lens 23, thereby improving light output efficiency and further preventing color crosstalk between sub-pixels.

[0149] In some examples, the geometric center of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 coincides with the geometric center of the opening area Po in the sub-pixel area Pa.

[0150] In some other embodiments, as shown in FIG6 , when the central axes of the first lens 12 , the second lens 23 and the opening area Po coincide with each other, the central axes of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 may deviate from the central axis CA2 of the first light-shielding layer 16 and the second light-shielding layer 25 .

[0151] For the display panel provided in this embodiment, since the first lens 12 for converging light and the second lens 23 for diverging light are sequentially arranged in the direction from the light source to the liquid crystal layer 3, the light is first converged and then diverged on the light output path. When the central axes of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 coincide with the central axis of the sub-pixel area Pa, the energy gain within 10° of the light output can be met. That is to say, when it is necessary to meet the energy gain within 10° of the light output, the energy gain within 10° of the light output can be achieved by adjusting the central axes of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 to coincide with the central axis of the sub-pixel area Pa.

[0152] In some embodiments, the first lens 12 may be a convex lens because it is necessary to converge light, and the second lens 23 may be a concave lens because it is necessary to diverge light.

[0153] In this embodiment, a convex lens refers to a lens whose central region is thicker than its peripheral region, and a concave lens refers to a lens whose central region is thicker than its peripheral region. The first lens 12 and the second lens 23 may have spherical shapes, such as ellipsoidal or spherical shapes.

[0154] In one embodiment, the material of the second lens 23 includes either glass or silicon nitride. For example, the second lens 23 can be either glass or silicon nitride. When glass is used to form the second lens 23, the display panel may not include a transparent cover plate 24. As shown in FIG5a , the second optical structure of the display panel on the side of the second substrate 2 can serve as the cover plate 24. This eliminates one process step, simplifies the process, and reduces costs.

[0155] The display panel will be described below by taking the example of the first lens 12 being a convex lens and the second lens 23 being a concave lens.

[0156] In a display panel according to one embodiment, as shown in Figures 5a and 5b , the second substrate 2 of the display panel may further include an adhesive layer 4 on the side adjacent to the liquid crystal 3 layer. This adhesive layer 4 is located between the color filter layer 21 and the liquid crystal 3. A transparent cover plate 24 may also be included (optionally not included) on the side of the second optical structure facing away from the liquid crystal 3. A flat layer (first flat layer 13) may also be included between the first optical structure and the second substrate 2 of the display panel. The first lens 12 may be fabricated on a transparent substrate 11, which may be a glass substrate 11 or a substrate 11 made of another transparent material.

[0157] A flat layer (second flat layer 22 ) may be provided between the second lens 23 and the color filter layer 21 , thereby improving light extraction gain through refractive index matching between the lens and the flat layer.

[0158] In this embodiment, a first flat layer 13 is further included between the first optical structure and the second substrate 2, and a second flat layer 22 is further included between the second optical structure and the color filter layer 21. As shown in FIG5a , each sub-pixel further includes a first flat layer 13 and a second flat layer 22. The first flat layer 13 is located on the side of the first optical structure closer to the liquid crystal 3, while the second flat layer 22 is located on the side of the second optical structure closer to the liquid crystal 3. The refractive index of the second lens 23 is greater than that of the second flat layer 22, and the refractive index of the first lens 12 is greater than that of the first flat layer 13.

[0159] In this embodiment, the first flat layer 13 is arranged between the first lens 12 and the second substrate 2, and can play a role in flattening the first lens 12. The position of the first lens 12 can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the first flat layer 13. For example, the height of the first lens 12 can be adjusted, and the height can refer to the vertical distance between the first lens 12 and the shading structure.

[0160] In this embodiment, the second flattening layer 22 is disposed between the second lens 23 and the color filter layer 21 (the second light-shielding layer 25 ), and can flatten the side of the second lens 23 that is closest to the color filter layer 21 . Furthermore, the position of the second lens 23 can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the second flattening layer 22 . For example, the placement height of the second lens 23 can be adjusted, where the placement height refers to the vertical distance between the second lens 23 and the first flattening layer 13 .

[0161] In this embodiment, the planar layer may be formed of a transparent inorganic material or an organic material. Based on the leveling effect of the organic material, the planar layer may be formed of a transparent organic material.

[0162] To achieve energy gain within 10° of light output, a combination of high and low refractive indices can be used between the second lens 23 and the second flat layer 22 to increase light output. If the second lens 23 is located on the side of the second flat layer 22 facing away from the liquid crystal 3, the refractive index of the second lens 23 can be greater than that of the second flat layer 22, that is, the refractive index of the second flat layer 22 is less than that of the second lens 23. In this way, the light converged by the first lens 12 passes through the second flat layer 22 and is incident on the second lens 23. The second lens 23 has a higher refractive index, which makes the light diverging from the second lens 23 relatively converged, thereby further improving the brightness of the light output and further increasing the energy gain within 10° of light output.

[0163] The refractive index matching between the second lens 23 and the second flat layer 22 can be determined according to the material of the second lens 23 .

[0164] In one embodiment, the material of the second lens 23 includes either glass or silicon nitride. For example, the second lens 23 can be glass or silicon nitride. In one example, when the second lens 23 is glass, that is, when the second lens 23 is etched from glass, the refractive index of the second lens 23 can be 1.5, and the refractive index of the second flat layer 22 can be 1.3. In another example, when the second lens 23 is SiNx (silicon nitride), that is, when the second lens 23 is etched from silicon nitride, the refractive index of the second lens 23 can be 1.87, and the refractive index of the second flat layer 22 can be 1.46.

[0165] In some embodiments, to achieve energy gain within 10° of light emission, a combination of high and low refractive indices can be employed between the first lens 12 and the first flat layer 13 to increase light emission. For example, if the first lens 12 is located on the side of the first flat layer 13 facing away from the liquid crystal 3, the refractive index of the first lens 12 can be lower than that of the first flat layer 13, i.e., the refractive index of the first flat layer 13 can be higher than that of the first lens 12. In this way, light from the light source, after being converged by the first lens 12, can be further focused by refraction from the first flat layer 13.

[0166] In some embodiments, to ensure that the optical path is lossless and the light output end is collimated, the parameters of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 need to satisfy their respective corresponding formulas to achieve energy gain within 10° of the light output.

[0167] First, for the first lens 12, the arch height of the first lens 12 satisfies the following formula (6):

[0168] In formula (6), as shown in FIG7 , L is the thickness of the first flat layer 13 , L1 is the vertical distance between the surface of the first flat layer 13 facing away from the backlight panel and the surface of the second flat layer 22 close to the liquid crystal, L2 is the distance from the surface of the driving structure layer 14 facing away from the liquid crystal 3 to the first light-shielding layer 16 , h1 is the arch height of the first lens 12 , p is the aperture of the first lens 12 , Δn1 is the refractive index difference between the first lens 12 and the first flat layer 13 , a represents the width of the first light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel, b represents the width of the second light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel, and c represents the width of the source-drain electrode layer in the plane direction of the display panel.

[0169] In this example, referring to FIG. 7 , p is the minimum size of the sub-pixel region Pa of the sub-pixel, wherein the aperture D1 of the first lens 12 may be equal to the minimum size of the sub-pixel region Pa.

[0170] Wherein, Max(a, b, c) refers to the maximum width of the first light shielding layer 16, the second light shielding layer 25 and the source-drain electrode layer 15 in the sub-pixel.

[0171] Here, Δn1 is the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the second lens 23 and the second flat layer 22 .

[0172] In this example, the arch height h1 of the first lens 12 is related to the position of the first lens 12 , the vertical distance between the first flat layer 13 and the second flat layer 22 (which can be understood as the placement height of the second lens 23 ), and the height of the first light shielding layer 16 .

[0173] Secondly, for the second lens 23, the arch height and aperture of the second lens 23 can satisfy the following formula (7):

[0174] In formula (7), as shown in FIG7 , L is the thickness of the first flat layer 13 , L1 is the vertical distance between the first flat layer 13 and the second flat layer 22 , L2 is the distance from the surface of the driving structure layer 14 facing away from the liquid crystal 3 to the c metal layer , h2 is the arch height of the second lens 23 , D2 is the aperture of the second lens 23 , Δn2 is the refractive index difference between the second lens 23 and the second flat layer 22 , p is the minimum size of the sub-pixel area Pa of the sub-pixel , a represents the width of the first light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel , b represents the width of the second light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel , and c represents the width of the source-drain electrode layer in the plane direction of the display panel .

[0175] Among them, Max(a, b, c) refers to the maximum value of the widths of the first shading layer 16, the second shading layer 25 and the source and drain layer 15 in the sub-pixel in the planar direction parallel to the display panel, wherein a represents the width of the first shading layer 16 in the planar direction of the display panel, b represents the width of the second shading layer 25 in the planar direction of the display panel, and c represents the width of the source and drain layer 15 in the planar direction of the display panel. The width may refer to the dimension in the lateral arrangement direction of the sub-pixel, such as the dimension in the gate line direction.

[0176] Here, Δn2 is the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the second lens 23 and the second flat layer 22 .

[0177] In this example, the arch height h2 and aperture of the first lens 12 are related to the position of the second lens 23, the vertical distance between the first flat layer 13 and the second flat layer 22 (which can be understood as the placement height of the second lens 23), and the height of the first shading layer 16.

[0178] When the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 satisfy their respective corresponding relationship expressions, it can be ensured that the optical path is intact and the light output end is collimated, thereby achieving the maximum light output gain.

[0179] In some embodiments, the aperture of the second lens 23 can be larger than the projection distance of the first lens 12 on the surface of the light-emitting surface after focusing. Thus, it can be ensured that the second lens 23 can diverge the light converged by the first lens 12 to improve the light-emitting efficiency of the sub-pixel.

[0180] Accordingly, the aperture D2 of the second lens 23 must satisfy the following equation (8):

[0181] Here, f1 refers to the focal length of the first lens 12 , and f2 refers to the focal length of the second lens 23 .

[0182] In the display panel provided in some embodiments, the aperture of the first lens 12 may be larger than the aperture of the second lens 23. For example, the aperture of the first lens 12 may be equal to the minimum size of the sub-pixel area Pa, and the aperture of the second lens 23 may be smaller than the minimum size of the sub-pixel area Pa.

[0183] In the display panel provided by some embodiments, the dome height of the first lens 12 may be greater than the dome height of the second lens 23 .

[0184] In an example of this embodiment, taking a 2117PPI pixel structure as an example, the size of the pixel opening area Po is 6*8μm, the distance L2 between the first flat layer 13 and the surface of the first light-shielding layer 16 facing away from the first flat layer 13 is 2.5μm, the distance between the first light-shielding layer 16 and the surface of the liquid crystal 3 layer close to the first flat layer 13 is 1.6μm, and the thickness of the glue layer 4 between the liquid crystal 3 and the color filter layer 21 is 0.6μm. The focal length requirements of the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 and the minimum aperture requirements of the second lens 23 are simulated to obtain the result schematic diagram shown in Figure 12. Based on Figure 12, the thickness of the first flat layer 13 and the second flat layer 22 can be selected to be 4μm, the arch height of the first lens 12 is 0.8μm, the arch height of the second lens 23 is approximately 0.4μm, and the aperture of the second lens 23 is 3μm, thereby satisfying the above formulas (6), (7) and (8).

[0185] In some embodiments, a first distance between the aperture of the first lens 12 and the edge of the sub-pixel region Pa of the sub-pixel is smaller than a second distance between the aperture of the second lens 23 and the edge of the sub-pixel region Pa.

[0186] In this embodiment, the spacing may refer to the difference between the aperture of the lens and the size P of the sub-pixel area Pa, wherein the first spacing between the aperture of the first lens 12 and the edge of the sub-pixel area Pa of the sub-pixel may be less than 0.5 μm, for example, may be approximately 0, so that the aperture of the first lens 12 may be consistent with the minimum size of the sub-pixel area Pa.

[0187] The second spacing may be greater than 0.5 μm, and the spacing difference between the first spacing and the second spacing may be greater than 0.5 μm.

[0188] In some embodiments, the morphology of the first lens 12 can be used to converge light emitted by the light source, and its morphology is related to the gain within 10 degrees. The influence of the first spacing of the first lens 12 on the gain within 10 degrees is simulated, and the simulation results can be shown in Figure 14. As shown in Figure 14, when the first spacing is 0 μm, the influence of the BLU divergence angle of the first lens 12 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 1 in Figure 14; when the first spacing is 0.5 μm, the influence of the BLU (back light unit) divergence angle of the first lens 12 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 2 in Figure 14; when the first spacing is 1 μm, the influence of the BLU divergence angle of the first lens 12 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 3 in Figure 14; when the first spacing is 1.5 μm, the influence of the BLU divergence angle of the first lens 12 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 4 in Figure 14.

[0189] As shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 14 , the arch height of the first lens 12 may be 0.9 μm, and the first pitch may be less than 0.5 μm. For example, the first pitch may be 0.4 μm, 0.3 μm, 0.2 μm, 0.1 μm, or 0 μm.

[0190] In the display panel provided in this embodiment, considering that the spherical lens has certain aberrations, in order to achieve an ideal focal length, a simulation analysis was conducted on the effect of different morphologies (aperture and arch height) of the second lens 23 on the gain within plus or minus 10 degrees at the same second spacing. The results are shown in Figures 13 and 15. In Figure 13, the refractive index of the second lens 23 is 1.87, and the refractive index of the second flat layer 22 is 1.3. In Figure 15, the refractive index of the second lens 23 is 1.5, and the refractive index of the second flat layer 22 is 1.3.

[0191] As shown in FIG13 , when the second spacing is 0 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within plus or minus 10 degrees can be shown as curve 1 in FIG13 ; when the second spacing is 0.5 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within plus or minus 10 degrees can be shown as curve 2 in FIG13 ; when the second spacing is 1 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within plus or minus 10 degrees can be shown as curve 3 in FIG13 ; when the second spacing is 1.5 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within plus or minus 10 degrees can be shown as curve 3 in FIG13 ; 3, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 4 in Figure 13; when the second spacing is 2μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 5 in Figure 13; when the second spacing is 2.5μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 6 in Figure 13; when the second spacing is 3μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 7 in Figure 13.

[0192] As shown in Figure 15, when the second spacing is 0 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 1 in Figure 15; when the second spacing is 0.5 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 2 in Figure 15; when the second spacing is 1 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 3 in Figure 15; when the second spacing is 1.5 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 4 in Figure 15; when the second spacing is 2 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 5 in Figure 15 15 ; when the second spacing is 2.5 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 6 in FIG15 ; when the second spacing is 3 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 7 in FIG15 ; when the second spacing is 3.5 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 8 in FIG15 ; when the second spacing is 4 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 9 in FIG15 ; when the second spacing is 4.5 μm, the influence of the arch height of the second lens 23 on the gain within positive and negative 10 degrees can be shown as curve 10 in FIG15 .

[0193] As shown in Figure 15 , the second lens has a dome height between 1 and 1.5 μm, and the gain is maximized to approximately 73% within 10 degrees when the second spacing is 3 μm. Furthermore, gain is achieved when the second spacing is between 0 and 3.5 μm and the second lens has a dome height between 0.5 μm and 1.5 μm.

[0194] Based on the simulation results shown in Figures 13 and 15, in some embodiments of the display panel, the arch height of the second lens 23 can be 0.5-1.5 μm, and the second pitch can be 0-3.5 μm. Within this range of shape dimensions, a certain gain within plus or minus 10 degrees can be achieved.

[0195] For example, the vault of the second lens 23 may be 0.5 μm, 0.6 μm, 0.7 μm, 0.8 μm, 0.9 μm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.3 μm, 1.4 μm, or 1.5 μm, and the second pitch may be 0.5 μm, 0.8 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.8 μm, 2 μm, 2.5 μm, 2.8 μm, 3 μm, or 3.5 μm.

[0196] In one example of this embodiment, the dome height of the second lens 23 may be 1 to 1.5 μm, and the second pitch corresponding to the second lens 23 may be 0 to 2 μm. For example, the dome height of the second lens 23 may be 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.3 μm, 1.4 μm, or 1.5 μm. The second pitch may be 0.5 μm, 0.8 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.8 μm, or 2 μm.

[0197] Specifically, within the above range, the arch height and aperture of the second lens 23 and the first lens 12 can also be determined according to the material used by the second lens 23 .

[0198] In one embodiment, the material of the second lens 23 includes any one of glass and silicon nitride. For example, the second lens 23 can be glass or silicon nitride.

[0199] As shown in Figures 18 and 19, Figure 18 shows a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image of a lens made of inorganic materials. When using inorganic materials, the lens arch can reach a size of approximately 0.9μm. Figure 19 shows an SEM image of a lens made of glass. When the lens has an aperture of 4.6μm, the arch height reaches 1.9μm. Thus, by adjusting the etching rate, the lens arch height can be achieved to less than 1.5μm.

[0200] For example, in one example, the second lens 23 is formed by etching glass, the refractive index of the second lens 23 can be 1.5, and the refractive index of the second flat layer 22 can be 1.3. In this case, the arch height of the second lens 23 can be 1 to 1.5 μm, and the second spacing corresponding to the second lens 23 can be 3 μm.

[0201] In the display panel provided in some embodiments, the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 may both be ellipsoidal lenses. In this way, the lenses include a major axis and a minor axis. By setting the ellipsoidal lenses, the distances between the lenses and the edges of the sub-pixel area Pa may be different.

[0202] For example, as shown in Figure 20, Figure 20 simply shows a schematic diagram of the layout of the second lens 23 in the sub-pixel area Pa. As shown in Figure 20, the spacing between the lens and the edge of the sub-pixel area Pa may include the spacing Dg in the direction of the gate line G and the spacing Ds in the direction of the data line S. The first spacing may include the spacing in the direction of the gate line G (the size difference between the aperture size of the lens in the direction of the gate line G and the size of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the gate line G), and the spacing in the direction of the data line S (the size difference between the aperture size of the lens in the direction of the data line S and the size of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the data line S). The second spacing may also include the spacing in the direction of the gate line G and the spacing in the direction of the data line S.

[0203] As shown in FIG20 , the second spacing may include a size difference between an aperture size of the second lens 23 in the direction of the gate line G and a size difference between a size of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the gate line G, and a size difference between an aperture size of the second lens 23 in the direction of the data line S and a size difference between the size of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the data line S.

[0204] When the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 are both ellipsoidal lenses, they include a major axis and a minor axis. By placing the major axis of the lens, the difference in the spacing between the lens and the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the gate line G and the difference in the spacing between the lens and the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the data line S can be made different.

[0205] In one example, a distance Dg between the second lens 23 and the edge of the sub-pixel region Pa in the direction of the gate line G is greater than a distance Ds between the second lens 23 and the edge of the sub-pixel region Pa in the direction of the data line S.

[0206] This embodiment also provides a display panel, in which the first lens 12 and the second lens 23 can both be cylindrical lenses. In this case, in order to make the distance Dg between the lens and the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the gate line G and the distance Ds in the direction of the data line S different, a double-layer lens can be provided.

[0207] For example, please refer to Figures 9a and 9b. Figure 9a shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the display panel observed from the direction of the data line S, and Figure 9b shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the display panel observed from the direction of the gate line G. Since the lens is a cylindrical lens, its morphology is slightly different when observed from the direction of the gate line G and the data line S. In some embodiments, the first optical structure can be provided with a double layer of first lenses 12, and the second optical structure can be provided with a double layer of second lenses 23. Specifically, in the thickness direction of the display panel, the first optical structure includes a first substructure, a third flat layer 17, and a second substructure in sequence, and the second optical structure includes a third substructure, a fourth flat layer 26, and a fourth substructure in sequence; wherein, the first substructure and the second substructure both include the first lens 12, and the third substructure and the fourth substructure both include the second lens 23; wherein, the first lens 122 in the second substructure corresponds to the second lens 231 in the third substructure, and the first lens 121 in the first substructure corresponds to the fourth lens in the fourth substructure.

[0208] In the display panel of this example, a third flat layer 17 is disposed between the first substructure and the second substructure of the first optical structure, and a fourth flat layer 26 is disposed between the second substructure and the fourth substructure of the second optical structure. In one example, different refractive index combinations can be used for the first lens 121 in the first substructure, the third flat layer 17, and the first lens 122 in the second substructure, for example, a low / high / low / high refractive index combination.

[0209] In one example, different refractive index combinations may be used for the second flat layer 22 , the second lens 231 in the third substructure, the fourth flat layer 26 , and the second lens 232 in the fourth substructure, for example, a high / low / high / low combination.

[0210] In one example, the apertures of the first lenses 122 in the first and second substructures are equal to the size p of the subpixel area Pa. In one example, the apertures of the second lenses 232 in the third and fourth substructures can be equal or unequal.

[0211] In this embodiment, the first substructure, the second substructure, the third substructure, and the fourth substructure can be manufactured separately to form a double-layer lens. Thus, for a subpixel, the second pitch in the direction of the gate line G can be made different from the second pitch in the direction of the data line S by the third substructure and the fourth substructure.

[0212] In an exemplary display panel of this embodiment, the first optical structure includes a first flat layer 13 on a side close to the liquid crystal 3 ; wherein the thickness of the third flat layer 17 is different from that of the first flat layer 13 .

[0213] In this example, the first flat layer 13 and the third flat layer 17 can be used to achieve different placement heights of the first lens 12. For example, as shown in Figures 9a and 9b, the second lens 23 needs to be placed at a height of Aμm in the direction of the data line S, and the second lens 23 needs to be placed at a height of Bμm in the direction of the gate line G, where B is greater than A; in this way, the second lens 23 in the direction of the gate line G can be placed on the bottom layer as the first lens 121 in the first substructure, and the thickness of the first flat glue in the upper layer can provide a part of the placement height for the first lens 121 in the first substructure. Finally, the first flat layer 13 of the first lens 12 in the direction of the gate line G can provide a corresponding placement height difference to achieve a final placement height of Bμm.

[0214] In some embodiments, the thickness of the third planar layer 17 may be greater than the thickness of the first planar layer 13 . For example, the thickness of the third planar layer 17 may be 6 μm, and the thickness of the first planar layer 13 may be 2 μm.

[0215] The placement height may refer to the vertical distance between the first lens 12 and the liquid crystal 3 layer.

[0216] In an exemplary display panel of this embodiment, the first optical structure includes a first flat layer 13 on a side close to the liquid crystal 3 ; wherein the thickness of the third flat layer 17 is different from that of the first flat layer 13 .

[0217] In some embodiments, among the multiple sub-pixels, the second lenses 231 located in the third substructure are arranged in the direction of the data line S, and the second lenses 232 located in the fourth substructure are arranged in the direction of the gate line G. The spacing between the second lenses 231 in the third substructure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the data line S is different from the spacing between the second lenses 232 in the fourth substructure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the gate line G.

[0218] In the display panel of this example, the second lenses 231 in the third substructure and the second lenses 232 in the fourth substructure can have the same aperture, and the second lenses 231 in the third substructure and the second lenses 232 in the fourth substructure can be positioned differently. This allows the second lenses 231 in the third substructure and the second lenses 232 in the fourth substructure to have different second spacings from the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa. Thus, by providing two layers of second lenses 23, the spacings between the lenses in the second optical structure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the gate lines G and the direction of the data lines S are different.

[0219] In this embodiment, the spacing between the second lens 231 in the third substructure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the data line S is different from the spacing between the second lens 232 in the fourth substructure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the data line S; and the spacing between the second lens 231 in the third substructure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the gate line G is different from the spacing between the second lens 232 in the fourth substructure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the direction of the gate line G.

[0220] In one example, as shown in Figures 9a and 9b , for the second optical structure, the spacing between the lenses included therein in the direction of the data lines S and the boundary of the sub-pixel region Pa can be smaller than the spacing between the lenses included therein in the direction of the gate lines G and the boundary of the sub-pixel region Pa. For example, the spacing between the lenses included therein in the second optical structure in the direction of the data lines S and the boundary of the sub-pixel region Pa is 3 μm, and the spacing between the lenses included therein in the direction of the gate lines G and the boundary of the sub-pixel region Pa can be greater than 6 μm.

[0221] Specifically, the spacing between the second lens 231 in the third substructure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa can be 3 μm, thereby making the spacing between the lens included in the second optical structure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the data line S direction 3 μm; the spacing between the second lens 232 in the fourth substructure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa can be greater than 6 μm, thereby making the spacing between the lens included in the second optical structure and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the data line S direction greater than 6 μm.

[0222] In this way, by disposing the double-layer second lens 23, the second lens 23 in the sub-pixel can be spaced at different distances from the sub-pixel in the direction of the gate line G and the data line S, thereby helping to improve the gain within 10 degrees.

[0223] Specifically, the optical gain effects of the second lens 23 in the second optical structure using a double-layer lens and a single-layer lens are respectively evaluated. The evaluation results can be shown in Figures 16 and 17. Figure 16 shows the evaluation results of the optical gain effect of the second optical structure including a single layer of second lens 23, and Figure 17 shows the evaluation results of the optical gain effect of the second optical structure including a double-layer second lens 23.

[0224] As shown in Figure 16 , the second optical structure includes a second lens 23. A second planar layer 22 is located on the side of the second lens 23 closest to the liquid crystal layer 3. Figure 16 (a) shows the energy gain in the SD direction (data line S direction), and Figure 16 (b) shows the energy gain in the Gate direction (gate line G direction). As shown in Figure 16 (a), the energy gain curve for different dome heights of the second lens 23 when the thickness of the second planar layer 22 is 2 μm is Curve 1. The energy gain curve for different dome heights of the second lens 23 when the thickness of the second planar layer 22 is 3 μm is Curve 2. The energy gain curve for different dome heights of the second lens 23 when the thickness of the second planar layer 22 is 4 μm is Curve 3. As shown in Figure 16(b), the energy gain curve under different arch heights of the second lens 23 when the thickness of the second flat layer 22 is 2 μm is Curve 1 in the figure, the energy gain curve under different arch heights of the second lens 23 when the thickness of the second flat layer 22 is 4 μm is Curve 2 in the figure, and the energy gain curve under different arch heights of the second lens 23 when the thickness of the second flat layer 22 is 6 μm is Curve 3 in the figure.

[0225] As can be seen from FIG16 , the gain in the SD direction is slightly lower than the gain in the Gate direction.

[0226] As shown in FIG17 , the second optical structure includes a double-layer second lens 23 , that is, includes a third substructure and a fourth substructure. The second lens 23 includes a second flat layer 22 on the side close to the liquid crystal layer 3, and includes a fourth flat layer 26 between the third substructure and the fourth substructure.

[0227] Figure 17 (a) shows the energy gain in the SD direction (data line S direction), and Figure 17 (b) shows the energy gain in the Gate direction (gate line G direction). In particular, the arch height of the second lens 231 in the third substructure is 1 μm, the refractive indexes of the second flat layer 22 and the fourth flat layer 26 are both 1.5, and the refractive index of the second lens 23 is 1.3.

[0228] Figure 17(a) illustrates the gain within plus or minus 10 degrees at different spacings in the SD direction and different arch heights of the second lens 232 in the fourth substructure (upper second lens 23), wherein, when the spacing between the second lens 23 and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the SD direction is 3 μm, the gain curve of the upper second lens 23 at different arch heights can be shown as curve 1 in the figure; when the spacing between the second lens 23 and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the SD direction is 4 μm, the gain curve of the upper second lens 23 at different arch heights can be shown as curve 2 in the figure; when the spacing between the second lens 23 and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the SD direction is 5 μm, the gain curve of the upper second lens 23 at different arch heights can be shown as curve 3 in the figure.

[0229] Figure 17(b) shows the gain within a range of ±10 degrees for different spacings in the Gate direction and different dome heights of the second lenses 231 in the third substructure. When the spacing between the second lens 23 and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the Gate direction is 5μm, the gain curves of the upper second lens 23 at different dome heights can be shown as Curve 1 in the figure. When the spacing between the second lens 23 and the boundary of the sub-pixel area Pa in the Gate direction is 6μm and 7μm, the gain curves of the upper second lens 23 at different dome heights can be shown as Curve 2 in the figure.

[0230] As can be seen from Figure 17, after adopting the second lens 23 with a double-layer structure, the gain within 10 degrees in the SD direction is slightly higher than the gain within 10 degrees in the Gate direction, and when the spacing in the Gate direction reaches 6μm, the gain within 10 degrees in the Gate direction reaches the maximum; when the spacing in the SD direction is 3μm, the gain within 10 degrees in the Gate direction reaches the maximum.

[0231] Based on the evaluation results shown in Figure 17, the arch height of the second lens 231 in the third substructure can be the same as or different from the arch height of the second lens 232 in the fourth substructure. Specifically, the arch height of the second lens 232 in the fourth substructure can be slightly larger than the arch height of the second lens 231 in the third substructure to improve the gain within 10 degrees.

[0232] In some embodiments, a display device is further provided, including the display panel described above. The display device is a liquid crystal display device, and the display device can be a near-eye display device or a virtual reality display device.

[0233] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0234] Finally, it should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity, or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, commodity, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, commodity, or device that includes the element.

[0235] The above is a detailed introduction to a display panel and a display device provided by the present disclosure. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present disclosure. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present disclosure. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present disclosure, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present disclosure.

[0236] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

[0237] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

[0238] References herein to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "one or more embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, please note that instances of the phrase "in one embodiment" do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0239] In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are described. However, it is understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0240] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The present disclosure may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third etc. does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0241] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, rather than to limit them. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A display panel, characterized in that: The device comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, each of which comprises a liquid crystal, and a color filter layer and a driving structure layer respectively located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal; wherein at least one sub-pixel further comprises: an optical structure located on a light-emitting path from a backlight source of the display panel to a light-emitting surface of the display panel, the optical structure comprising at least one lens configured to converge light emitted from the backlight source; an orthographic projection of the lens on a plane of the display panel overlapping with an opening area of ​​the sub-pixel; The light-shielding structure includes a portion located on the driving structure layer and a portion located on the color filter layer, and an orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the plane of the display panel overlaps with an edge of the opening area.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The geometric center of each lens in the optical structure coincides with the geometric center of the sub-pixel area of ​​the sub-pixel.

3. The display panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The optical structure comprises: a first optical structure, located on a side of the driving structure layer away from the liquid crystal, comprising a first lens configured to converge light emitted by a light source; a second optical structure, located on a side of the color filter layer facing away from the liquid crystal, comprising a second lens configured to diverge the light converged by the first lens; Wherein, the shading structure is located between the first optical structure and the second optical structure; The orthographic projections of the first lens and the second lens on the plane of the display panel overlap with the opening area of ​​the sub-pixel, and the orthographic projection of the first lens on the plane overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second lens on the plane.

4. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein: The first lens includes a convex lens, and the second lens includes a concave lens.

5. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein: The sub-pixel further includes: a first flat layer, located on a side of the first optical structure close to the liquid crystal; a second flat layer, located on a side of the second optical structure close to the liquid crystal; Wherein, the refractive index of the second lens is greater than the refractive index of the second flat layer.

6. The display panel according to claim 5, wherein: The driving structure layer includes a source-drain electrode layer, and the light-shielding structure includes a first light-shielding layer and a second light-shielding layer. The first light-shielding layer is located on a side of the source-drain electrode layer close to the liquid crystal, and the second light-shielding layer is located between the second optical structure and the color filter layer. The arch height of the first lens satisfies the following formula: Wherein, L is the thickness of the first flat layer, L1 is the vertical distance between the driving structure layer and the color filter layer, L2 is the distance from the surface of the driving structure layer facing away from the liquid crystal to the first light-shielding layer, h1 is the arch height of the first lens, p is the minimum size of the sub-pixel area, Δn1 is the refractive index difference between the first lens and the first flat layer, a represents the width of the first light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel, b represents the width of the second light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel, and c represents the width of the source and drain layer in the plane direction of the display panel.

7. The display panel according to claim 5, wherein: The driving structure layer includes a source-drain electrode layer, and the light-shielding structure includes a first light-shielding layer and a second light-shielding layer. The first light-shielding layer is located on a side of the source-drain electrode layer close to the liquid crystal, and the second light-shielding layer is located between the second optical structure and the color filter layer. The aperture and arch height of the second lens satisfy the following formula: Wherein, L is the thickness of the first flat layer, L1 is the vertical distance between the first flat layer and the second flat layer, L2 is the distance from the surface of the driving structure layer facing away from the liquid crystal to the cmetal layer, h2 is the arch height of the second lens, D2 is the aperture of the second lens, Δn2 is the refractive index difference between the second lens and the second flat layer, p is the minimum size of the sub-pixel area, a represents the width of the first light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel, b represents the width of the second light-shielding layer in the plane direction of the display panel, and c represents the width of the source and drain layer in the plane direction of the display panel.

8. The display panel according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein: The aperture of the second lens is larger than the projection distance of the first lens on the light emitting surface after focusing.

9. The display panel according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: A first distance between an aperture of the first lens and an edge of the sub-pixel area is smaller than a second distance between an aperture of the second lens and an edge of the sub-pixel area.

10. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein: The first spacing is smaller than 0.5 μm.

11. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein The arch height of the second lens is 0.5 to 1.5 μm, and the second spacing is 0 to 3.5 μm.

12. The display panel according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: In the thickness direction of the display panel, the first optical structure includes a first substructure, a third flat layer, and a second substructure in sequence, and the second optical structure includes a third substructure, a fourth flat layer, and a fourth substructure in sequence; The first substructure and the second substructure both include the first lens, and the third substructure and the fourth substructure both include the second lens.

13. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein: The first optical structure comprises a first flat layer on a side close to the liquid crystal; The thickness of the third planar layer is different from the thickness of the first planar layer.

14. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein: The display panel includes a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines, wherein the gate lines and the data lines define sub-pixel regions of a plurality of sub-pixels; The distance between the second lens in the third substructure and the boundary of the subpixel area in the direction of the data line is different from the distance between the second lens in the fourth substructure and the boundary of the subpixel area in the direction of the gate line.

15. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein The material of the lens includes any one of glass and silicon nitride.

16. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein: The first lens and the second lens each include an ellipsoidal lens.

17. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The optical structure includes a third lens, which is located on a side of the color filter layer away from the liquid crystal. The third lens is used to converge the light emitted from the color filter layer.

18. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein The driving structure layer includes a source and drain layer, and the light shielding structure includes: A first light shielding layer is located on a side of the source and drain electrode layer close to the liquid crystal; a second light-shielding layer, located on a side of the second optical structure close to the liquid crystal, the second light-shielding layer defining a plurality of opening areas; The width of the first light-shielding layer on the plane is greater than the width of the second light-shielding layer on the plane, and the orthographic projections of the first light-shielding layer and the second light-shielding layer on the plane overlap with the orthographic projection of the lens on the plane.

19. The display panel according to claim 18, wherein: The central axis of the first light-shielding layer and the central axis of the second light-shielding layer in the light-shielding structure overlap, and the optical axis of each lens in the optical structure is offset relative to the central axis.

20. A display device, characterized in that: The display panel comprises any one of claims 1-19.

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