Anatomic simulator model for medical and surgical practices

Abstract

The present invention relates to an anatomic simulator model for medical and surgical practices comprising a rigid base structure (11, 21, 31, 41, 51) having a geometry and physical properties that simulate the bone portions from the anatomy of the anatomic model, and a soft portion (12, 22, 32, 42, 52) that simulates the soft tissue from the anatomy of the anatomic model. The soft portion (12, 22, 32, 42, 52) has an inner support surface having a configuration aligned with the geometry of the rigid base structure (11, 21, 31, 41, 51), so that the soft portion (12, 22, 32, 42, 52) is joined to the rigid base structure (11, 21, 31, 41, 51) by means of a removable fitting assembly, the rigid base structure (11, 21, 31, 41, 51) comprising a flat base (13, 23, 33, 43, 53) for supporting same on horizontal surfaces.

Description

[0001]

[0002] ANATOMICAL SIMULATOR MODEL FOR MEDICAL AND SURGICAL PRACTICES

[0003] TECHNICAL SECTOR

[0004] The present invention is related to the health sector and more specifically to the anatomical models used for the practice of medical and surgical procedures, aimed at health science students and health professionals.

[0005] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0006] Since there are different techniques for performing a specific procedure on a particular area, structure, and organ of the human body that require the use of specific instruments, an anatomical model of the area of ​​the human body where the procedure will be performed is necessary to learn and practice the different techniques available, and in a more comfortable and agile way than with full body models.

[0007] Therefore, it is important that healthcare personnel have an anatomically correct anatomical model of the surrounding area, structure, and organ of the human body that includes the tissue layers, as well as bones, veins, arteries, and other structures distributed throughout the area of ​​the human body where a predetermined medical intervention is required.

[0008] The model must not only be anatomically correct, but it must also provide a realistic visual and tactile experience. For example, when using a biopsy needle to detect a tumor within a predetermined body organ, healthcare personnel must push the needle through layers of tissue until it reaches the tumor.

[0009] Patent document CN 109345932 discloses a method and facial model for medical simulation for learning anatomical structures and surgical procedures, with bone elements corresponding to a physical model of the base of the skull and a physical model of the nasal septum made of ABS or resin material, which are joined together by adhesive, and with several layers of silicone to simulate the optic nerve, blood vessels, pituitary gland, and tumors in the pituitary gland made of silica gel and black pigment, which are joined together and to the bone elements with silicone gel, being covered with silicone that makes the part feel like skin, obtaining a realistic anatomical model.However, the difficulty of joining the parts arises, requiring several stages for the formation of the facial simulation model, which increases the costs of the final product, thus hindering its acquisition by medical and nursing students, who are the target users of the present invention.

[0010] Patent document JP2006317570 discloses an anatomical model for injection practice with a simulated blood vessel and one or more layers of simulated human tissue made of soft urethane resin, the blood vessel being connected to a reservoir with a blood-equivalent liquid, and with a longitudinal groove for inserting the blood vessel, and said model being fixed to a support for practice.

[0011] Patent document ES2615034 discloses a method for manufacturing an anatomical model, such as a liver or breast, for teaching medical disciplines. The anatomical breast model comprises rigid pieces of PLA material that simulate tumors, which are spatially positioned within the model using rods during manufacturing. The breast comprises rigid internal elements consisting of PLA tumors and muscle tissue, internal silicon elements representing fibroglandular tissue, vasculature, and innervation generated by 3D printing, soft silicone gel breast tissue, and an outer coating of latex, silicones, or polyurethanes representing skin.

[0012] Given the described disadvantages or limitations of current solutions, an anatomical simulation model is needed that allows the practice of different medical-surgical procedures with characteristics that provide realism (in terms of anatomy and mechanical properties), while also providing a simple system (due to its convenient size and weight), versatile (various techniques can be performed in a single simulator), and economically accessible with the possibility of reuse (by using self-healing materials and offering replacements for all its parts).

[0013] EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] In order to achieve this objective and solve the technical problems discussed so far, as well as provide additional advantages that may arise later, the present invention provides an anatomical model for medical and surgical practice, comprising a rigid base structure with a geometry and physical properties that simulate the bony parts of the anatomical model's anatomy, and a soft part that simulates the soft tissue of the anatomical model's anatomy, wherein the soft part has an inner support surface with a configuration corresponding to the geometry of the rigid structure, such that the soft part is joined to the rigid structure by means of a detachable snap-fit ​​assembly, the rigid base structure comprising a flat base for support on horizontal surfaces.

[0015] In this way, both the rigid base structure and the soft part of the anatomical simulator model faithfully reproduce the geometry and positioning of the same, resulting in a more realistic model for practice, with the anatomical model that is the object of the invention preferably being manufactured at a 1:1 scale.

[0016] Additionally, the rigid base structure is designed to mimic the physical properties of bone, using an injectable polymer such as ABS for its manufacture. As for the soft tissue, the aim is also to achieve the greatest possible realism by replicating the texture and mechanical behavior of soft tissue, using materials such as silicone, rubber, or polyurethane.

[0017] The inner surface is understood to be the surface of the soft part that remains in contact with the rigid base structure, to allow the fitting by assembly of the protruding rigid base structure and the soft part that has a cavity corresponding to the protruding part of the rigid base structure.

[0018] Thanks to this configuration, the parts of the anatomical model are easily separable and replaceable, allowing for the replacement of the most deteriorated parts, such as the soft tissue. Furthermore, this soft tissue configuration allows the user to fabricate this part themselves, provided they have a negative mold of the anatomical model to be reproduced. The rigid base structure will serve to reproduce the necessary inner surface of the soft tissue for assembly. It is also planned that this soft tissue can be supplied separately when replacement is required. The detachable design, allowing for replaceable parts, ensures a lower final price for the components, resulting in an anatomical model accessible to health science students and healthcare professionals, who are the target audience of the invention.According to a feature of the invention, the inner support surface of the soft part comprises a plurality of handles corresponding to a plurality of handles arranged in the rigid base structure, thus ensuring the detachable snap-fit ​​assembly so that there is no displacement between the parts during practice.

[0019] Another advantage of this configuration is that, through the interlocking assembly for joining both parts of the anatomical model, the rigid base structure provides support, thanks to its flat base configuration, and retention that facilitates medical and surgical practice without any displacement between the parts. This offers great stability and a replica of the anatomical bone structures for greater realism. Furthermore, a more realistic replica of the anatomical model's forms is achieved, more closely resembling the shapes of the real body.

[0020] Preferably, the physical characteristics of the materials of the soft part and the rigid base prevent slippage between them, for example, the material of the soft part being platinum silicones with hardnesses similar to the body parts they replicate, and that of the rigid part a thermoplastic and / or thermoset polymer, such as ABS, thus allowing this non-slip system.

[0021] According to another feature of the invention, the soft part comprises a plurality of layers configured according to different mechanical behavior to replicate the tissue differences of the anatomy of the anatomical model, according to different hardnesses, colors, and / or materials, and with different thicknesses.

[0022] Thus, the outer layer of the soft tissue is preferably more resistant to puncture than the inner layer. The different layers will have varying degrees of hardness to replicate the differences in tissue between the epidermis, dermis, and muscle. Furthermore, they will be manufactured with different hardness and color to represent different ages and ethnicities. These characteristics provide greater realism to the anatomical model for practical exercises.

[0023] According to another feature of the invention, the rigid structure comprises a surface roughness that allows it to be joined to the soft part.

[0024] This configuration eliminates the need for other joining elements, such as the adhesives required in prior art models. Furthermore, it allows for easy replacement of the soft part with respect to the rigid base structure.

[0025] According to another aspect of the invention, the anatomical model simulates a mammary gland, reproducing its anatomical characteristics, and further comprises a plurality of masses embedded in the soft tissue that simulate tumors. These masses are arranged at different heights and with varying degrees of hardness.

[0026] In this way, the range of hardness that calcific nodules can have is replicated, allowing the breast to be biopsied by puncture with a thick needle.

[0027] The realism of the soft tissue also allows the anatomical breast model to be used for practicing nipple reconstruction. Furthermore, the realism provided by the varying hardness of the different layers of the breast model's soft tissue allows tumors to be detected by touch.

[0028] According to another aspect of the invention, the anatomical model simulates the anatomical part of the chest associated with the sternum, wherein the rigid structure simulates the sternum, said rigid part comprising a cavity in which a replaceable cap is replaceably fixed, simulating the spongy bone of the sternum, said replaceable cap comprising a gel inside that simulates bone marrow.

[0029] In this case, the inner surface of the soft tissue has a geometry corresponding to the rigid structure that simulates the sternum. It also includes a flat lid to allow for better support on horizontal surfaces for practice. This anatomical model helps in learning how to perform aspiration and biopsy of the bone marrow located inside the sternum, within its spongy bone. To do this, the disposable lid, which resembles the cortical or outer layer of the sternum, must be pierced carefully to avoid puncturing the lung.

[0030] The disposable cover will need frequent replacement since each attempt creates a hole in it, but thanks to the ease of assembly and disassembly of the anatomical model and the cover itself, replacement will be simple and economical.

[0031] Preferably, this disposable cap is positioned with its bottom at a distance from the bottom of the rigid structure's cavity. This configuration allows for the detection of whether, during the puncture, the disposable cap has been exceeded, which would be equivalent to an unintentional lung puncture. Detection occurs by lifting the disposable cap and observing whether there is a hole at the bottom, or if, upon lifting the disposable cap, gel is detected in the cavity, which would indicate that it has been punctured and the gel that contains the bone marrow has spilled into the cavity.

[0032] Additionally, the realism provided by the different hardness of the different layers of the soft part of the sternum aspiration and biopsy simulator model allows the ribs and sternum to be detected by palpation.

[0033] According to another alternative of the invention, the anatomical model simulates a forearm connected to the elbow flexure, comprising a plurality of tubes that mimic veins, said tubes being fixed to the rigid structure that simulates the bone part, and / or said tubes being fixed in an embedded manner to the soft part, and are also connected to a reservoir with a liquid that simulates blood.

[0034] This anatomical model allows for easy replacement of the soft tissue, making it possible to have the model for venipuncture practice more economically.

[0035] The reservoir is preferably attached to the veins and removably fixed inside a cavity of the rigid structure. This configuration maintains the realism of the anatomical model and also facilitates filling the reservoir.

[0036] Preferably, there are three tubes and they are attached to the rigid structure, and / or to the soft part at different heights.

[0037] Preferably, the tubes are fixed embedded in the soft tissue, indexed without extra supports or supports, which adds greater realism to the venipuncture model.

[0038] These tubes will mimic, for example, the median cephalic vein, accessory cephalic vein, and cubital vein, at different depths to offer different levels of difficulty in practicing the venipuncture technique on the anterior aspect of the elbow crease, for blood extraction and / or injection of medication.

[0039] Additionally, the realism provided by the different hardness of the different layers of the soft part of the venipuncture model allows the veins to be detected by palpation.

[0040] According to another alternative, the anatomical model simulates a forearm that includes cuts that simulate wounds in shape and depth.

[0041] Thanks to its geometry and the realism of its components, this anatomical model allows for more realistic wounds through its various layers. Cuts or slits in the soft tissue are created directly in the mold, with protrusions corresponding to the wounds being simulated. This improves the experience of practicing simple suturing on the arm, and provides a more affordable anatomical model.

[0042] A final aspect of the invention relates to an anatomical model that simulates the facial part of a head, comprising cuts that simulate wounds in shape and depth.

[0043] The realism provided by the rigid structure, combined with the soft part and its various layers that simulate soft tissue, more realistically reproduces wounds in complex structures such as the face. They will also be useful for practicing facial flap techniques.

[0044] Finally, the soft tissue of the anatomical simulator and its embedded elements are designed to be ultrasound-readable, using materials such as PDMS silicone mixed with barium sulfate, iodine salt, bismuth, or tungsten for the calcified nodules; A65 Shore hardness silicone for the breast model's nodules and veins; and water and dye for the blood simulation. This will allow for ultrasound imaging of the anatomical model used for venipuncture practice, simulating the difficulties encountered in cancer patients or elderly patients.

[0045] Likewise, in the case of the anatomical model of the mammary gland, tumors can be identified.

[0046] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] A more detailed explanation of the device according to embodiments of the invention is given in the following description based on the accompanying figures in which:

[0048] Figure 1 shows an exploded perspective view of the anatomical simulator model of a mammary gland.

[0049] Figure 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the anatomical simulator model of the anatomical part of the chest associated with the sternum.

[0050] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the rigid structure simulating the bony part of the sternum, with the disposable cap fitted.

[0051] Figure 4 shows an exploded perspective view of the anatomical simulator model of the forearm connected to the elbow flexure.

[0052] Figure 5 shows an exploded perspective view of the anatomical simulator model of the forearm with cuts or slits simulating wounds.

[0053] Figure 6 shows an exploded perspective view of the anatomical simulator model of the facial part of a head.

[0054] Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the anatomical simulator model of Figure 6 once assembled.

[0055] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0056] According to the figures mentioned, different practical embodiments of the invention are presented therein, specifically five alternative embodiments of anatomical models simulating a mammary gland (1), an anatomical part of the chest associated with the sternum (2), a forearm connected to the elbow flexure (3), a forearm (4), and the facial part of a head (5).

[0057] Figure 1 shows the first example of an implementation of an anatomical model simulating a mammary gland (1). As can be seen, the soft part (12) has the external shape of the mammary gland and is preferably manufactured by injection molding using a mold, preferably flexible, that faithfully reproduces the anatomy of the mammary gland. This mold is preferably made of a material such as silicone, rubber, or polyurethane, and more preferably, platinum silicones with a Shore hardness range of 003-007. This soft part (12) preferably comprises a surface layer simulating the epidermis and a material simulating the dermis, muscle tissue, and adipose tissue. The epidermis is preferably made of platinum silicone with a Shore hardness of 0048-0052.To create this soft tissue (12) of the mammary gland (1), as a practical example, ECOFLEX® 0030 platinum silicones were used, with a mixture of 166.6 g of component B, to which 166.6 g of reagent S was added (reagent S being a softener or diluent used to reduce the Shore hardness of the platinum silicone), and then 166.6 g of component A was added, in that order of mixing. For greater realism, 10 drops of "light skin" pigment plus 1 drop of mauve pigment were used.

[0058] Embedded within the soft tissue (12) are masses (14) that replicate calcified nodules. These masses (14) have varying degrees of hardness and are positioned at different heights to facilitate biopsy practice on the anatomical mammary gland simulator (1). Preferably, these masses (14) are manufactured from a mixture of PDMS silicone with barium sulfate, iodine salt, bismuth, or tungsten. For the production of these mammary gland (1) masses (14), as per a practical example, ECOFLEX® 0030 platinum silicones were used. The mixture consisted of 10g of component B, to which 20g of reagent T was added (reagent T being the reagent used to harden / increase the Shore hardness of the silicone), followed by 10g of component A, in that order of mixing.

[0059] To enhance realism, the anatomical mammary gland simulator model (1) comprises a rigid base structure (11) shaped like the bony structure of a breast, which fits into an inner surface of the soft tissue (12) with a corresponding geometry. This rigid base structure (11) is made of an injectable polymer material such as ABS or P1L. The anatomical mammary gland simulator model (1) also includes a flat base (13) that allows it to be placed on horizontal surfaces for medical or surgical practice. This flat base (13) preferably serves as a seal for the manufacturing mold. In addition to its use for tumor detection through clinical breast examination (CBE) and for practicing breast biopsies, the model's realism also makes it suitable for nipple reconstruction.Furthermore, the anatomical model simulating the mammary gland (1) allows for mammography and ultrasound to detect the masses (14) that simulate tumors, thanks to the materials used in its manufacture, as described above. Detection by palpation is also possible due to the hardness of these masses (14) and the soft tissue (12), which contribute to the realism of the anatomical model of the mammary gland (1).

[0060] In figures 2 and 3, you can see the second example of implementation directed to an anatomical model simulating the anatomical part of the chest associated with the sternum (2).

[0061] Figure 2 shows the soft part (22) that has the external shape of the chest area associated with the sternum. This part will preferably be manufactured by injection molding using a preferably flexible mold that faithfully reproduces its anatomy, preferably with a material such as silicone, rubber, or polyurethane, and more preferably with platinum silicones with a Shore hardness range of 0028-0032. This soft part (22) preferably comprises a surface layer simulating the epidermis and an assembly simulating the dermis, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The epidermis is preferably made of platinum silicone with a Shore hardness of 0048-0052. To obtain this soft part (22) of the sternum model (2), according to a practical example, ECOFLEX® 0030 platinum silicones were used, with a mixture of 125g of component B, to which 125g of component A were added in that mixing order, and without the use of any reagents.For greater realism, 5 drops of "light skin" pigment plus 1 drop of mauve pigment will be used.

[0062] To enhance realism, the anatomical model simulating the anatomical part of the chest associated with the sternum (2) comprises a rigid base structure (21) shaped like the bony structure of the sternum, and fits onto an inner surface of the soft tissue (22) with a corresponding geometry. This rigid base structure (21) is manufactured from an injectable polymer material such as ABS.This rigid base structure (21) also includes a cavity (24) (Figure 3) into which a disposable lid (25) is fitted. This lid replicates the physical properties of the sternal cortical bone and serves as a reservoir for a gel that simulates bone marrow. Thus, the anatomical model simulating the chest region associated with the sternum (2) can be used for practicing bone marrow extraction from the sternum. This simulates the aspiration of bone marrow located within the spongy bone of the sternum, requiring the needle to penetrate the cortical or outer layer of the sternum without over-penetrating it to avoid a pulmonary puncture. This anatomical model could also be used to simulate a biopsy procedure.Since during practice in each attempt a hole of about 1.8mm is produced in the consumable cap (25), this can be interchangeable, extending the useful life of the anatomical model and reducing its costs.

[0063] As can be seen in Figure 3, the disposable cap (25) is fixed in the cavity (24) of the rigid part with its bottom at a distance from the bottom of the cavity (24). Thus, if the disposable cap (25) is completely punctured, the gel would fall into the cavity (24), allowing the user to detect if it has been overfilled, which would be equivalent to having performed a lung puncture.

[0064] The anatomical model simulating the anatomical part of the chest associated with the sternum (2) further comprises a flat base (23) that allows it to be placed on horizontal surfaces for medical or surgical practice. This flat base (23) preferably serves as a closure for the manufacturing mold.

[0065] Figure 4 shows the third embodiment for an anatomical model of the forearm connected to the elbow flexure (3). As can be seen, the soft part (32) has the external shape of the forearm anatomy connected to the elbow flexure, which will preferably be manufactured by injection molding with a preferably flexible mold that faithfully reproduces its anatomy, preferably with a material such as silicone, rubber, or polyurethane, and more preferably with platinum silicones with a Shore hardness range of 009–0013. This soft part (32) preferably comprises a surface layer simulating the epidermis, with a layer simulating the dermis and muscle tissue. The epidermis is preferably made of platinum silicone with a Shore hardness of 0048–0052.To obtain this soft tissue part (12) of the anatomical venipuncture model (3), as per a practical example, ECOFLEX® 0030 platinum silicones were used, with a mixture of 100g of component B, to which 50g of reagent S was added, and subsequently 100g of component A, in that mixing order. For greater realism, 10 drops of "light skin" pigment plus 1 drop of mauve pigment were used.

[0066] To enhance realism, the anatomical forearm simulator model connected to the elbow flexure (3) comprises a rigid base structure (31) shaped like the arm bone structure representing the ulna and radius, which fits into an inner surface of the soft tissue part (32) with a corresponding geometry. This rigid base structure (31) is made of an injection-molded polymer material such as ABS. The anatomical forearm simulator model connected to the elbow flexure (3) further comprises a flat base (33) that allows it to be placed on horizontal surfaces for medical or surgical practice. This flat base (33) preferably serves as a closure for the manufacturing mold. In this case, three tubes (34) are embedded in the soft tissue part (32) to simulate the median cephalic vein, accessory cephalic vein, and ulnar vein.These tubes (34) are fixed to the soft tissue (32) at different heights to offer varying levels of difficulty in the venipuncture practice of this anatomical forearm simulator connected to the elbow crease (3). These tubes (34) are connected to a reservoir (35) that will be filled with a blood-simulating liquid. This reservoir will be embedded in the soft tissue along with the tubes (34). This anatomical simulator will allow for blood collection practice. It also allows for the identification, by palpation, of these tubes (34), which will preferably be made of A65 Shore hardness silicone and will contain water and a dye to simulate blood.

[0067] Figure 5 shows the fourth example of an implementation for an anatomical forearm model (4). As can be seen, the soft part (42) has the external shape of a forearm and will preferably be manufactured by injection molding using a flexible mold that faithfully reproduces its anatomy, preferably with a material such as silicone, rubber, or polyurethane, and more preferably with platinum silicones with a Shore hardness range of 009–0013. This soft part (42) preferably comprises a surface layer simulating the epidermis, with a layer simulating the dermis, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The epidermis is preferably made of platinum silicone with a Shore hardness of 0048–0052. As can be seen in Figure 5, the soft part (42) will include cuts or grooves (44) that simulate wounds for suturing practice.To obtain this soft tissue part (12) of the anatomical model of the suture arm (4), according to a practical example, ECOFLEX® 0030 platinum silicones were used, with a mixture of 100g of component B, 100g of component A, and with an amount of reagent S of 50g. For greater realism, 10 drops of “light skin” pigment plus 1 drop of mauve pigment will be used.

[0068] To enhance realism, the anatomical forearm simulator model (4) comprises a rigid base structure (41) shaped like the bone structure, specifically the ulna and radius of the forearm, and fits onto an inner surface of the soft tissue (42) with a corresponding geometry. This rigid base structure (41) is manufactured from an injection-molded polymer material such as ABS. The anatomical forearm simulator model (4) further comprises a flat base (43) that allows it to be placed on horizontal surfaces for medical or surgical practice. This flat base (43) preferably serves as a closure for the manufacturing mold. Figures 6 and 7 show the fourth embodiment of the anatomical model simulating the facial part of a head (5).As can be seen, the soft part (52) has the external shape of a face, which will preferably be manufactured by injection molding using a preferably flexible mold that faithfully reproduces its anatomy, preferably with a material such as silicone, rubber, or polyurethane, and more preferably with platinum silicones with a Shore hardness range of 0013–0017. This soft part (52) preferably comprises a surface layer simulating the epidermis, with a layer simulating the dermis, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The epidermis is preferably made of platinum silicone with a Shore hardness of 0048–0052. As can be seen in Figure 8, the soft part (52) will include cuts or slits (54) that simulate wounds, for practicing suturing in complex structures such as the face. These wounds are realistic in both shape and depth and can also be used to practice facial flap techniques.To obtain this soft tissue part (12) of the anatomical model simulating the facial part of a head (5), as per a practical example, ECOFLEX® 0030 platinum silicones were used, with a mixture of 80g of component B, to which 40g of reagent S was added, and subsequently 80g of component A, in that mixing order. For greater realism, 15 drops of "light skin" pigment plus 1 drop of mauve pigment were used.

[0069] To enhance realism, the anatomical model simulating the facial portion of a head (5) comprises a rigid base structure (51) shaped like the skull's bone structure, which fits into an inner surface of the soft part (52) with a corresponding geometry. This rigid base structure (51) is made of an injection-molded polymer material such as ABS. The anatomical model simulating the facial portion of a head (5) further comprises a flat base (53) that allows it to be placed on horizontal surfaces for medical or surgical procedures. This flat base (53) preferably serves as a closure for the manufacturing mold.

[0070] Although the ultimate goal is to provide the user with a complete anatomical simulator, the plan is also to provide the user with a preferably flexible mold. This mold, along with its manufacturing process, allows for the replacement of the soft tissue portion, which is subject to the most wear. The user will receive the mixture of components and reagents necessary for casting the different skin layers into the mold. It is also possible that the soft tissue portion will be provided to the user for replacement when needed. The anatomical simulator models will be small and lightweight, making them easy and comfortable to carry. For greater realism, they will be manufactured at a 1:1 scale, providing a level of realism that will facilitate more effective student practice at a lower final cost than existing models, thanks to their ease of industrial production.

[0071] Furthermore, all models are intended to include a closing cap (15) as shown in Figure 1, along with a bottom cap (16) into which the flat base (13, 23, 33, 43, 53) fits, and into which a flat support surface (17) with anti-slip properties also fits internally. In accordance with another feature common to all anatomical models, the rigid part (11, 21, 31, 41, 51) is intended to include a perimeter rim with a configuration corresponding to the perimeter of the soft part (12, 22, 32, 42, 52) for a better fit between the parts.

[0072] Additionally, the anatomical model is designed to be detectable by Mixed Reality glasses, adding virtual assistance layers or virtual clinical environments to aid in the medical-surgical skills training of health science students and healthcare professionals. This will allow interaction between augmented reality and the physical model for greater realism in practice.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Anatomical simulator model for medical and surgical practice, comprising a rigid base structure (11, 21, 31, 41, 51) with a geometry and physical properties that simulate the bony parts of the anatomical model, and a soft part (12, 22, 32, 42, 52) that simulates the soft tissue of the anatomical model, characterized in that the soft part (12, 22, 32, 42, 52) has an inner support surface with a configuration corresponding to the geometry of the rigid base structure (11, 21, 31, 41, 51), so that the soft part (12, 22, 32, 42, 52) is joined to the rigid base structure (11, 21, 31, 41, 51) by means of a detachable snap-fit ​​assembly, the rigid base structure (11, 21, 31, 41, 51) comprising a flat base (13, 23, 33, 43, 53) for support on horizontal surfaces.

2. Anatomical simulator model according to claim 1, wherein the soft part (12, 22, 32, 42, 52) comprises a plurality of layers configured according to different mechanical behavior to replicate the tissue differences of the anatomical model's anatomy, according to different hardnesses, colors, and / or materials.

3. Anatomical simulator model according to the previous claim, wherein the soft part is made of platinum silicone material of different hardnesses depending on the anatomy to be reproduced, and the rigid base structure is made of thermoplastic and / or thermoset polymer material.

4. Anatomical simulator model according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rigid base structure (11, 21, 31, 41, 51) comprises a surface roughness that allows its attachment to the soft part (12, 22, 32, 42, 52).

5. Anatomical simulator model according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner support surface of the soft part (12, 22, 32, 42, 52) comprises a plurality of handles corresponding to a plurality of handles arranged in the rigid base structure (11, 21, 31, 41, 51) to ensure the assembly of a detachable socket.

6. Anatomical simulator model according to any one of the preceding claims, simulating a mammary gland (1), comprising a plurality of masses (14) embedded in the soft part (12) that simulate tumors, and which are arranged at different heights, and with different hardnesses.

7. Anatomical simulator model according to any one of claims 1 to 5, simulating the anatomical part of the chest associated with the sternum (2), wherein the rigid base structure (21) simulates the sternum, said rigid base structure (21) comprising a cavity (24) in which a replaceable cap (25) simulating the spongy bone of the sternum is replaceably fixed, said replaceable cap (25) comprising a gel (25.1) inside that simulates bone marrow.

8. Anatomical simulator model according to any one of claims 1 to 5, simulating a forearm connected to the elbow flexure (3), comprising a plurality of tubes (34) mimicking veins, said tubes (34) being fixed to the rigid base structure (31) simulating the bone part and / or the soft part (32) in an embedded manner, and connected to a reservoir (35) with a liquid simulating blood.

9. Anatomical simulator model according to the previous claim, wherein the reservoir (35) is attached to the tubes (34), and removably fixed inside a cavity (36) of the rigid structure.

10. Anatomical simulator model according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the tubes (34) are three and are fixed to the rigid base structure (31) and / or to the soft part (32) at different heights.

11. Anatomical simulator model according to any one of claims 2 to 5, simulating a forearm (4), comprising cuts or grooves (44) in the soft part (42) that simulate wounds in shape and depth.

12. Anatomical simulator model according to any one of claims 2 to 5, simulating the facial part of a head (5), comprising cuts or grooves (54) that simulate wounds in shape and depth. 13.- Anatomical simulator model according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the soft part (12, 22, 32, 42, 52) and its embedded elements (14, 34) are sonographically detectable.

14. Anatomical simulator model according to any one of the claims, configured for use with mixed reality (MR) by adding virtual assistance layers or clinical environments.

Images