Optimizing video transmission in remote driving applications using ASIL requirements
Adaptive transmission techniques for remote driving applications dynamically adjust to ASIL requirements and network conditions, ensuring reliable and low-latency video transmission by using configuration and status reports, and repetition/retransmission indicators, addressing the challenges of meeting ASIL standards in remote driving.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/099263
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication technologies struggle to meet stringent Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirements for reliable and low-latency video transmission in remote driving applications, particularly due to the dynamic nature of wireless channels and high bandwidth demands.
Adaptive transmission techniques are employed, including configuration reports and status reports that convey ASIL requirements, along with repetition and retransmission indicators, to dynamically adjust transmission strategies based on network conditions and camera-specific reliability needs, ensuring reliable and low-latency video transmission.
The adaptive transmission methods ensure that remote driving operations maintain target reliability and error rates by minimizing resource use and adapting to varying channel quality and congestion, supporting a range of applications with different reliability and latency requirements.
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Figure CN2024099263_18122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
OPTIMIZING VIDEO TRANSMISSION IN REMOTE DRIVING APPLICATIONS USING ASIL REQUIREMENTSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This disclosure generally relates to wireless communication systems and, more particularly, to techniques for adaptive transmission of uplink video streaming in remote driving applications that satisfy Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirements.
[0002] DESCRIPTION OF RELATED TECHNOLOGY
[0003] Remote driving has emerged in autonomous vehicles and advanced wireless communication systems. In remote driving applications, a vehicle is controlled remotely by a human operator from a control center, relying on real-time video streaming and other sensor data transmitted from the vehicle to the operator. Because it enables safe and efficient operation of vehicles in challenging or hazardous environments, remote driving has applicability in several industries, including transportation, mining, and emergency response.
[0004] The success of remote driving depends on the reliability and low latency of the communication link between the vehicle and the control center. The video stream from the vehicle’s cameras must be transmitted with minimal delay and high reliability to ensure that the remote operator can make timely and accurate decisions. Any significant disruption or degradation in the video transmission can lead to safety risks and impair the effectiveness of remote driving operations.
[0005] To address these challenges, the automotive industry has established the Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) standards, which define levels of reliability and fault tolerance for safety-critical systems in vehicles. ASIL standards, such as ISO 26262, provide guidelines for the design and development of automotive systems, including communication protocols used for remote driving.
[0006] Existing wireless communication technologies, such as LTE and 5G, have made progress in terms of data rates and latency reduction. However, meeting the stringent ASIL requirements for remote driving applications remains a challenge. The dynamic nature of wireless channels, coupled with the high bandwidth demands of video streaming, necessitates the development of adaptive transmission methods that can optimize the use of network resources while ensuring the required level of transmission quality.
[0007] SUMMARY OF DISCLOSURE
[0008] The following summarizes some aspects of this disclosure to provide a basic understanding of the discussed technology. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of the disclosure and is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of all aspects of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the disclosure in summary form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0009] This disclosure provides methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for adaptive transmission of remote driving uplink video streaming that ensures reliable and low-latency video transmission while meeting Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirements.
[0010] In one aspect, a method performed by a User Equipment (UE) includes outputting, for transmission, a configuration report that includes ASIL requirement information, and outputting, for transmission, video data according to a transmission strategy that is based on the ASIL requirement information. The configuration report may be transmitted via a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or via uplink control information (UCI) . The configuration report may be transmitted before transmitting video data, when a video streaming mode changes, or with an uplink transmission. The configuration report may indicate a target reliability for a subsequent video data transmission. Also, the ASIL requirement information may be associated with one or more cameras associated with the UE. The method may further include outputting, for transmission, a status report that indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period. The status report may be transmitted before transmitting the video data or may include a target frame error rate for a subsequent transmission. Additionally, the status report may be transmitted periodically.
[0011] In another aspect, a method performed by a UE includes identifying at least one of a quantity of repetitions for one or more packets or a quantity of retransmissions for the one or more packets based on an ASIL requirement. The method further includes outputting, for transmission after the identifying, at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator. The method also includes outputting, for transmission, video data using the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator. The repetition indicator or retransmission indicator may be output for transmission via a Buffer Status Report (BSR) . Moreover, the repetition indicator or retransmission indicator may comprise a single bit in the BSR to indicate that retransmission of the one or more packets is not required.
[0012] In another aspect, an apparatus includes a processing system configured to cause the apparatus to output, for transmission, a configuration report that includes ASIL requirement information, and output, for transmission, video data according to a transmission strategy that is based on the ASIL requirement information. The processing system can be further configured to cause the apparatus to output, for transmission, a status report that indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period.
[0013] In another aspect, an apparatus includes a processing system configured to cause the apparatus to identify at least one of a quantity of repetitions for one or more packets or a quantity of retransmissions for the one or more packets based on an ASIL requirement. The processing system is further configured to cause the apparatus to output, for transmission after the identifying, at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator. Additionally, the processing system can be configured to cause the apparatus to output, for transmission, video data using the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator.
[0014] In another aspect, a method performed by a base station includes receiving a configuration report that includes ASIL requirement information, and outputting, for transmission, a transmission strategy for video data, where the transmission strategy is based on the ASIL requirement information. The configuration report may be received via a MAC-CE or via UCI. The configuration report may be received before receiving video data, when a video streaming mode changes, or with an uplink transmission. The configuration report may indicate a target reliability for a subsequent video data transmission.
[0015] The method may further include receiving a status report that indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period. The status report may be received before receiving the video data or may include a target frame error rate for a subsequent transmission. Furthermore, the status report may be received periodically.
[0016] In another aspect, a method performed by a base station includes receiving at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator based on an ASIL requirement, and receiving video data, wherein the video data is received according to the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator. The repetition indicator or retransmission indicator may be received via a BSR. Additionally, the repetition indicator or retransmission indicator may comprise a single bit in the BSR to indicate that retransmission of one or more packets is not required.
[0017] In another aspect, an apparatus includes a processing system configured to cause the apparatus to obtain a configuration report that includes ASIL requirement information. The processing system can be further configured to cause the apparatus to output, for transmission, a transmission strategy for video data based on the ASIL requirement information. The processing system can be further configured to cause the apparatus to receive a status report that indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period.
[0018] In another aspect, an apparatus includes a processing system configured to cause the apparatus to receive at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator based on an ASIL requirement. Also, the processing system can be further configured to cause the apparatus to receive video data according to the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator.
[0019] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of this disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.
[0020] BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE FIGURES
[0021] The accompanying figures are incorporated into and form a part of the specification to illustrate several examples of this disclosure. These figures, together with the description, explain the principles of the disclosure. The figures simply illustrate preferred and alternative examples of how the disclosure can be made and used and are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure to only the illustrated and described examples. Further features and advantages will become apparent from the following, more detailed, description of the various aspects, examples, and embodiments of the disclosure, as illustrated by the figures referenced below.
[0022] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a motor vehicle that includes an example system for adaptive transmission for remote driving uplink video streaming, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 5 illustrates an example system associated with the motor vehicle of FIG. 1 that supports adaptive transmission for remote driving uplink video streaming in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports adaptive transmission for remote driving uplink video streaming in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 7 illustrates an example method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) that supports adaptive transmission for remote driving uplink video streaming in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 8 illustrates an example method for wireless communication at a base station that supports adaptive transmission for remote driving uplink video streaming in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 9 illustrates an example method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) that supports adaptive transmission for remote driving uplink video streaming in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 10 illustrates an example method for wireless communication at a base station that supports adaptive transmission for remote driving uplink video streaming in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.
[0032] Reference is made to the figures wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout. The figures are not necessarily to scale, and the skilled artisan will appreciate that certain feature (s) may be exaggerated for clarity, dimensioning, and ease of understanding.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] This disclosure addresses the need for adaptive transmission techniques in remote driving applications that can effectively balance trade-offs between transmission quality, latency, and resource utilization, while adhering to ASIL requirements. In doing so, this disclosure provides adaptive transmission of remote driving uplink video and dynamically adjusts transmission strategy based on both ASIL requirements and network conditions. This ensures reliable and low-latency video transmission for remote driving operations.
[0034] In remote driving scenarios, video data from multiple cameras on a vehicle must be transmitted to a remote operator with high reliability and low latency. Each camera may have its own associated ASIL requirement, which dictates the necessary level of reliability for the transmission of its video data.
[0035] ASIL requirements are typically expressed in terms of a reliability or a target reliability, which is a qualitative measure of the desired level of reliability for a video transmission. However, to more precisely control the transmission quality, the target reliability can be mapped to a quantitative target error rate, which specifies the maximum allowable amount of lost or corrupted video frames over a given time interval.
[0036] One aspect of this disclosure involves the User Equipment (UE) sending a configuration report to the base station, which includes ASIL requirement information for each associated camera. This configuration report can be transmitted using a modified Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or Uplink Control Information (UCI) format. The modification may involve setting an existing bit to a value, or adding a new field to the MAC-CE or UCI format to convey the target reliability or target error rate information. Alternatively, a new MAC-CE or UCI format can be specified. The base station then computes a transmission strategy based on the received ASIL requirements, such as the modulation and coding scheme, frequency of retransmissions, number of repetitions, or allocated time-frequency resources.
[0037] Another aspect of the disclosure introduces an ASIL status report, which can be used to communicate information relating to transmission quality. This report can include information about the number of missed frames within a recent time window. If the number of missed frames exceeds a certain threshold, a node can adjust the transmission strategy to increase reliability of future transmissions. That is, using the ASIL status report, when a node detects that the reliability of video transmission has fallen below a target level over a given time period, it can request or instruct that subsequent transmissions be sent with a higher reliability or lower error rate (i.e., higher than a baseline reliability) . In some implementations, the degree to which the reliability is increased depends on the extent to which the target error rate was exceeded in the previous time window.
[0038] A further aspect of the disclosure involves the UE computing a number or quantity of repetitions for each packet or a number or quantity of retransmissions needed to meet the ASIL requirement. The UE then sends a repetition or retransmission indicator to the base station, which can comprise a single bit in an Buffer Status Report (BSR) format or a new field in modified BSR format. The base station then transmits the video data according to the indicated repetition or retransmission level, ensuring that a required reliability (or error rate) is achieved while minimizing use of network resources. The value of the repetition or retransmission indicator in the BSR can convey information about the transmission requirements and inform the actions of the UE and the base station. For example, if the indicator is a single bit, a value of 0 could signify that the default transmission parameters are sufficient to meet the ASIL requirements. A value of 1 could signify that additional repetitions or retransmissions are needed. Based on the value of this indicator, the base station can adjust its transmission strategy accordingly, either by maintaining the default settings or by increasing the number of repetitions or retransmissions to improve reliability. Similarly, the UE can use the indicator to request specific transmission enhancements when necessary, ensuring that the video data is delivered with the required level of reliability.
[0039] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. First, by dynamically adapting the transmission strategy based on both the ASIL requirements and network conditions, disclosed techniques can ensure that a target reliability (or error rate) is maintained for the duration of the remote driving session. This can be achieved in the presence of varying channel quality or network congestion. Second, by allowing the UE to request higher reliability transmissions when needed and to specify a required level of repetition or retransmission, the use of network resources is minimized while providing a necessary level of transmission quality. By providing a flexible framework for conveying ASIL requirements and transmission quality feedback, a range of remote driving applications with different reliability and latency requirements can be supported.
[0040] ltiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0041] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0042] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0043] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0044] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-aor FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0045] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0046] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0047] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0048] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as RRC functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a MAC layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0049] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0050] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0051] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0052] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more PUCCHs, and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0053] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0054] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0055] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0056] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0057] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0058] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0059] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0060] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0061] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0062] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0063] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0064] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may obtain an indication that a model, associated with at least one of encoding or decoding, is to be used in association with a control channel; output, after obtaining the indication, one or more model parameters associated with a data distribution of the control channel; encode, using an encoder, data, the encoder being associated with the one or more model parameters; and output the data for transmission via the control channel. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0065] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may output an indication that a model, associated with at least one of encoding or decoding, is to be used in association with a control channel; obtain, after obtaining the indication that the model is to be used, one or more model parameters associated with a data distribution of the control channel; obtain data associated with the control channel; and decode, using at least one of a decoder or an encoder, the data, the decoder and the encoder being associated with the one or more model parameters. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0066] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0067] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0068] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0069] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0070] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0071] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more modulation and coding scheme (MCSs) for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0072] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0073] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0074] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0075] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0076] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0077] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0078] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0079] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0080] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0081] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0082] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0083] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0084] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0085] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0086] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0087] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0088] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300, in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0089] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0090] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0091] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0092] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0093] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0094] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with model management for control channel encoding or decoding, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . In some aspects, the wireless node described herein is the network node 110, is included in the network node 110, and / or includes one or more components of the network node 110 shown in Fig 2. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless node described herein is the UE 120, is included in the UE 120, and / or includes one or more components of the UE 120 shown in Fig. 2. For example, as used herein, “wireless node” refers to the network node 110 and / or the UE 120.
[0095] The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0096] In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for outputting, for transmission, a configuration report that includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information; means for outputting, for transmission, video data according to a transmission strategy based on the ASIL requirement information; means for identifying at least one of a quantity of repetitions or a quantity of retransmissions for one or more packets based on an ASIL requirement; means for outputting, for transmission after the identifying, at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator; means for outputting, for transmission, video data using the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator; means for obtaining a configuration report that includes ASIL requirement information; and / or means for outputting, for transmission, a transmission strategy for video data based on the ASIL requirement information. The means for the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0097] In some examples, means for transmitting, outputting, or sending (or means for outputting for transmission) may include one or more of communication manager 140, one or more antennas 252, modem 254, TX MIMO processor 266, transmit processor 264, or a combination thereof, of the UE 120 described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0098] In some examples, means for receiving (or means for obtaining) may include one or more of communication manager 140, one or more antennas 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, or a combination thereof, of the UE 120 described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0099] In some examples, means for encoding data may include one or more of communication manager 140, receive processor 258, modem 254, and / or controller / processor 280, or a combination thereof, of the UE 120 described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0100] In some examples, means for determining, means for obtaining, means for sending, means for identifying, means for selecting, or means for detecting may include various processing system components, such as a receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, controller / processor 280, memory 282, or a combination thereof, of the UE 120 described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0101] In some aspects, the network node 110 includes means for outputting, for transmission, a configuration report that includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information; means for outputting, for transmission, video data according to a transmission strategy based on the ASIL requirement information; means for identifying at least one of a quantity of repetitions or a quantity of retransmissions for one or more packets based on an ASIL requirement; means for outputting, for transmission after the identifying, at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator; means for outputting, for transmission, video data using the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator; means for obtaining a configuration report that includes ASIL requirement information; and / or means for outputting, for transmission, a transmission strategy for video data based on the ASIL requirement information. The means for the network node 110 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.
[0102] In some examples, means for transmitting, outputting, or sending (or means for outputting for transmission) may include one or more of communication manager 150, one or more antennas 234, modem 232, TX MIMO processor 216, transmit processor 214, or a combination thereof, of the network node 110 described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0103] In some examples, means for receiving (or means for obtaining) may include one or more of communication manager 150, one or more antennas 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, or a combination thereof, of the network node 110 described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0104] In some examples, means for decoding data may include one or more of communication manager 150, receive processor 238, modem 232, and / or controller / processor 240, or a combination thereof, of the network node 110 described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0105] In some examples, means for determining, means for obtaining, means for sending, means for identifying, means for selecting, or means for detecting may include various processing system components, such as a receive processor 238 a transmit processor 214, a controller / processor 240, memory 242, or a combination thereof, of the network node 110 described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0106] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a motor vehicle 400 with a system for adaptive transmission of remote driving uplink video streaming according to aspects of this disclosure. Vehicle 400 may include a front-facing camera 412 mounted inside the cabin looking through windshield 402. The vehicle may also include cabin-facing camera 414 mounted inside the cabin looking towards occupants of vehicle 400, and in particular the driver of vehicle 400. Although one set of mounting positions for cameras 412 and 414 are shown for vehicle 400, other mounting locations may be used for cameras 412 and 414. For example, one or more cameras may be mounted on one of the driver or passenger B pillars 426 or one of the driver or passenger C pillars 428, such as near the top of pillars 426 or 428. As another example, one or more cameras may be mounted at the front of vehicle 400, such as behind radiator grill 130 or integrated with bumper 132. As a further example, one or more cameras may be mounted as part of driver or passenger side mirror assembly 134.
[0107] Camera 412 may be oriented such that its field of view captures a scene in front of vehicle 400. In some embodiments, an additional camera may be located at the rear of vehicle 400 and oriented such that its field of view captures a scene behind vehicle 400 in the direction that vehicle 400 is moving when in reverse. Although embodiments of the disclosure may be described with reference to a “front-facing” camera, referring to camera 412, aspects of the disclosure may be applied similarly to a “rear-facing” camera facing in the reverse direction of vehicle 400. Thus, the benefits obtained while the operator is driving vehicle 400 in a forward direction may likewise be obtained while the operator is driving vehicle 400 in a reverse direction.
[0108] Further, although embodiments of the disclosure may be described with reference to a “front-facing” camera, referring to camera 412, aspects of the disclosure may be applied similarly to an input received from an array of cameras mounted around vehicle 400 to provide a larger field of view. As such, the field of view can be as wide as 360 degrees around parallel to the ground and / or as wide as 360 degrees around a vertical direction perpendicular to the ground. For example, additional cameras may be mounted around the outside of vehicle 400, such as on or integrated in the doors, on or integrated in the wheels, on or integrated in the bumpers, on or integrated in the hood, and / or on or integrated in the roof.
[0109] Camera 414 may be oriented such that its field of view captures a scene in the cabin of vehicle 400. For example, camera 414 can capture the face of the operator of vehicle 400 with sufficient detail to discern a gaze direction of the operator.
[0110] Each of cameras 412 and 414 may include one, two, or more image sensors, such as a first image sensor. When multiple image sensors are present, the first image sensor may have a larger field of view (FOV) than the second image sensor or different sensitivity or dynamic range than the second image sensor. In one example, the first image sensor may be a wide-angle image sensor, and the second image sensor may be a telephoto image sensor. In another example, the first sensor can be configured to obtain an image through a first lens with a first optical axis and the second sensor can be configured to obtain an image through a second lens with a second optical axis different from the first optical axis. Additionally or alternatively, the first lens may have a first magnification, and the second lens may have a second magnification different from the first magnification. This configuration may occur in a camera module with a lens cluster, in which the multiple image sensors and associated lenses are located in offset locations within the camera module. Additional image sensors may be included with larger, smaller, or same fields of view.
[0111] Each image sensor may include means for capturing data representative of a scene, such as image sensors (including charge-coupled devices (CCDs) , Bayer-filter sensors, infrared (IR) detectors, ultraviolet (UV) detectors, complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors) , and / or time of flight detectors. The apparatus may further include one or more means for accumulating and / or focusing light rays into the one or more image sensors (including simple lenses, compound lenses, spherical lenses, and non-spherical lenses) . These components may be controlled to capture first, second, and / or more image frames. The image frames may be processed to form a single output image frame, such as through a fusion operation, and that output image frame further processed according to the aspects described herein.
[0112] As used herein, image sensor may refer to the image sensor itself and any certain other components coupled to the image sensor used to generate an image frame for processing by an image signal processor or other logic circuitry or storage in memory, whether a short-term buffer or longer-term non-volatile memory. For example, an image sensor may include other components of a camera, including a shutter, buffer, or other readout circuitry for accessing individual pixels of the image sensor. The image sensor may further refer to an analog front end or other circuitry for converting analog signals to digital representations for the image frame that are provided to digital circuitry coupled to the image sensor.
[0113] Cameras 412 and 414 can be associated with a user equipment (UE) in vehicle 400. The UE can be configured to output, for transmission, a configuration report that includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information specific to, e.g., each of cameras 412 and 414. The UE is further configured to output, for transmission to the base station, video data from cameras 412 and 414 according to a transmission strategy that is based on the ASIL requirement information.
[0114] The configuration report may be transmitted via a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or uplink control information (UCI) format. This may involve setting a bit value or adding a new field to convey target reliability or target error rate information associated with cameras 412 and 414. The UE may transmit the configuration report before transmitting video data from cameras 412 and 414, when a video streaming mode of cameras 412 and 414 changes, or with an uplink transmission of video data from cameras 412 and 414.
[0115] The UE may also output, for transmission to, e.g., a base station, a status report that indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period for each of cameras 412 and 414. The UE may transmit the status report before transmitting the video data from cameras 412 and 414 or may include a target frame error rate for a subsequent transmission of video data from cameras 412 and 414. Additionally, the UE may transmit the status report periodically. In another embodiment, the UE may identify a required number or quantity of repetitions for each packet of video data from cameras 412 and 414 or a number of retransmissions needed to meet the ASIL requirement associated with each of cameras 412 and 414. The UE may then output for transmission a repetition or retransmission indicator based on this identification. The UE may also use a received transmission strategy to output for transmission video data from cameras 412 and 414 using the repetition or retransmission indicator. The UE may output the repetition or retransmission indicator for transmission via a Buffer Status Report (BSR) , and the indicator may comprise a single bit in the BSR to indicate that retransmission of certain packets of video data from cameras 412 and 414 is not required when a reliability requirement for corresponding frames is not high.
[0116] FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an example processing system 284 associated with vehicle 400. Processing system 284 includes one or more processors (collectively “processor 504” ) , one or more memories (collectively “memory 506” ) , image signal processor 512, sensor hub 550, and Input / Output (I / O) components 516. Vehicle 400 may include, or otherwise be coupled to, image signal processor 512 for processing image frames from one or more image sensors, such as first image sensor 501, second image sensor 502, and depth sensor 540. In some implementations, vehicle 400 also includes or is coupled to a processor (e.g., CPU) 504 and memory 506 storing instructions 508. Vehicle 400 may also include or be coupled to display 514 and input / output (I / O) components 516. I / O components 516 may be used for interacting with a user, such as a touch screen interface and / or physical buttons. I / O components 516 may also include network interfaces for communicating with other devices, such as a base station in a wireless communication network. The network interfaces may include one or more of wide area network (WAN) adaptor 552, local area network (LAN) adaptor 553, and / or personal area network (PAN) adaptor 554. An example WAN adaptor 552 is a 4G LTE or a 5G NR wireless network adaptor. An example LAN adaptor 553 is an IEEE 802.11 WiFi wireless network adapter. An example PAN adaptor 554 is a Bluetooth wireless network adaptor. Each of adaptors 552, 553, and / or 554 may be coupled to an antenna, including multiple antennas configured for primary and diversity reception and / or configured for receiving specific frequency bands. Vehicle 400 may further include or be coupled to power supply 518, such as a battery or an alternator. Vehicle 400 may also include or be coupled to additional features or components that are not shown in Figure 2. In one example, a wireless interface, which may include one or more transceivers and associated baseband processors, may be coupled to or included in WAN adaptor 552 for a wireless communication device. In a further example, an analog front end (AFE) to convert analog image frame data to digital image frame data may be coupled between the image sensors 501 and 502 and the image signal processor 512.
[0117] Vehicle 400 may include sensor hub 550 for interfacing with sensors to receive data regarding movement of vehicle 400, data regarding an environment around vehicle 400, and / or other non-camera sensor data. One example non-camera sensor is a gyroscope, a device configured for measuring rotation, orientation, and / or angular velocity to generate motion data. Another example non-camera sensor is an accelerometer, a device configured for measuring acceleration, which may also be used to determine velocity and distance traveled by appropriately integrating the measured acceleration, and one or more of the acceleration, velocity, and or distance may be included in generated motion data. In further examples, a non-camera sensor may be a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system, a radio detection and ranging (RADAR) system, or other ranging systems. For example, sensor hub 550 may interface to a vehicle bus for sending configuration commands and / or receiving information from vehicle sensors 272, such as distance (e.g., ranging) sensors or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) sensors (e.g., sensors for receiving information from nearby vehicles) .
[0118] Image signal processor (ISP) 512 may receive image data, such as used to form image frames. In one embodiment, a local bus connection couples image signal processor 512 to image sensors 501 and 502 of first camera 503, which may correspond to camera 112 of Figure 1, and second camera 505, which may correspond to camera 114 of Figure 1, respectively. In another embodiment, a wire interface may couple image signal processor 512 to an external image sensor. In a further embodiment, a wireless interface may couple image signal processor 512 to image sensor 501, 502.
[0119] First camera 503 may include first image sensor 501 and corresponding first lens 531. Second camera 505 may include second image sensor 502 and corresponding second lens 532. Each of lenses 531 and 532 may be controlled by associated autofocus (AF) algorithm 533 executing in ISP 512, which adjust lenses 531 and 532 to focus on a particular focal plane at a certain scene depth from image sensors 501 and 502. AF algorithm 533 may be assisted by depth sensor 540. In some embodiments, lenses 531 and 532 may have a fixed focus.
[0120] First image sensor 501 and second image sensor 502 are configured to capture one or more image frames. Lenses 531 and 532 focus light at image sensors 501 and 502, respectively, through one or more apertures for receiving light, one or more shutters for blocking light when outside an exposure window, one or more color filter arrays (CFAs) for filtering light outside of specific frequency ranges, one or more analog front ends for converting analog measurements to digital information, and / or other suitable components for imaging.
[0121] In some embodiments, image signal processor 512 may execute instructions from a memory, such as instructions 508 from memory 506, instructions stored in a separate memory coupled to or included in image signal processor 512, or instructions provided by processor 504. In addition, or in the alternative, image signal processor 512 may include specific hardware (such as one or more integrated circuits (ICs) ) configured to perform one or more operations described in this disclosure. For example, image signal processor 512 may include one or more image front ends (IFEs) 535, one or more image post-processing engines (IPEs) 536, and or one or more auto exposure compensation (AEC) 534 engines. AF 533, AEC 534, IFE 535, IPE 536 may each include application-specific circuitry, may be embodied as software code executed by ISP 512, and / or a combination of hardware within and software code executing on ISP 512.
[0122] In some implementations, memory 506 may include a non-transient or non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer-executable instructions 508 to perform all or a portion of one or more operations described in this disclosure. Instructions 508 can include a camera application (or other suitable application) to be executed during operation of vehicle 400 for generating images or videos. Instructions 508 may also include other applications or programs executed for vehicle 400, such as an operating system, mapping applications, or entertainment applications. Execution of the camera application, such as by processor 504, may cause vehicle 400 to generate images using image sensors 501 and 502 and image signal processor 512. Memory 506 may also be accessed by image signal processor 512 to store processed frames or may be accessed by processor 504 to obtain the processed frames. In some embodiments, vehicle 400 includes a system on chip (SoC) that incorporates image signal processor 512, processor 504, sensor hub 550, memory 506, and input / output components 516 into a single package.
[0123] In some embodiments, at least one of image signal processor 512 or processor 504 executes instructions to perform various operations described herein, including, e.g., outputting, for transmission to a base station, a configuration report that includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information specific to each of cameras 112 and 114. Additional operations include, e.g., outputting, for transmission to the base station, video data from cameras 112 and 114 according to a transmission strategy that is based on the ASIL requirement information.
[0124] The configuration report may be transmitted via a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or uplink control information (UCI) format where a bit value can determine if / when retransmissions are required. A modified MAC-CE or UCI format can also be used, where the modification involves adding a new field to convey target reliability or target error rate information associated with cameras 112 and 114. Image signal processor 512 or processor 504 may execute instructions to transmit the configuration report before transmitting video data from cameras 112 and 114, when a video streaming mode of cameras 112 and 114 changes, or with an uplink transmission of video data from cameras 112 and 114.
[0125] Image signal processor 512 or processor 504 may also execute instructions to output, for transmission, a status report that indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a prior time period for each of cameras 112 and 114. The status report may be transmitted, e.g., periodically or before transmitting video data from cameras 112 and 114. Also, it may include a target frame error rate for a subsequent transmission of video data from cameras 112 and 114. The target error rate may be based on the number of missed frames in the prior time period.
[0126] In another embodiment, image signal processor 512 or processor 504 may execute instructions to identify a required number or quantity of repetitions for each packet of video data from cameras 112 and 114 or a number of retransmissions needed to meet the ASIL requirement associated with each of cameras 112 and 114. Image signal processor 512 or processor 504 may then execute instructions to output, for transmission to the base station, a repetition or retransmission indicator based on this identification, and output, for transmission, the video data from cameras 112 and 114 using the repetition or retransmission indicator. The repetition or retransmission indicator may be output for transmission via a Buffer Status Report (BSR) , and the indicator may comprise a single bit in the BSR to indicate that retransmission of certain packets of video data from cameras 112 and 114 is not required when a reliability requirement for corresponding frames is not high.
[0127] At least one of image signal processor 512 or processor 504 executes instructions to perform various operations described herein, including object detection, risk map generation, driver monitoring, and driver alert operations. For example, execution of the instructions can instruct image signal processor 512 to begin or end capturing an image frame or a sequence of image frames. In some embodiments, processor 504 may include one or more general-purpose processor cores 504A capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs, such as instructions 508 stored within the memory 506. For example, processor 504 may include one or more application processors configured to execute the camera application (or other suitable application for generating images or video) stored in memory 506.
[0128] In executing the camera application, processor 504 may be configured to instruct image signal processor 512 to perform one or more operations with reference to the image sensors 501 or 502. For example, the camera application may receive a command to begin a video preview display upon which a video comprising a sequence of image frames is captured and processed from one or more image sensors 501 or 502 and displayed on informational display on display 514 in a cabin of the vehicle 400.
[0129] In some embodiments, processor 504 may include ICs or other hardware (e.g., an artificial intelligence (AI) engine 554) in addition to the ability to execute software to cause vehicle 400 to perform a number of functions or operations, such as the operations described herein. In some other embodiments, vehicle 400 does not include processor 504, such as when all of the described functionality is configured in image signal processor 512.
[0130] In some embodiments, display 514 may include one or more suitable displays or screens allowing for user interaction and / or to present items to the user, such as a preview of the image frames being captured by image sensors 501 and 502. In some embodiments, display 514 is a touch-sensitive display. I / O components 516 may be or include any suitable mechanism, interface, or device to receive input (such as commands) from the user and to provide output to the user through display 514. For example, I / O components 516 may include (but are not limited to) a graphical user interface (GUI) , a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, speakers, a squeezable bezel, one or more buttons (such as a power button) , a slider, a switch, and so on. In some embodiments involving autonomous driving, I / O components 516 may include an interface to a vehicle’s bus for providing commands and information to and receiving information from vehicle systems 470 including propulsion (e.g., commands to increase or decrease speed or apply brakes) and steering systems (e.g., commands to turn wheels, change a route, or change a final destination) .
[0131] While shown to be coupled to each other via processor 504, components (such as processor 504, memory 506, image signal processor 512, display 514, and I / O components 516) may be coupled to each another in other various arrangements, such as via one or more local buses, which are not shown for simplicity. While image signal processor 512 is illustrated as separate from processor 504, image signal processor 512 may be a core of processor 504 that is an application processor unit (APU) , included in a system on chip (SoC) , or otherwise included with processor 504. While vehicle 400 is referred to in the examples herein for including aspects of this disclosure, some device components may not be shown in Figure 2 to prevent obscuring aspects of this disclosure. Additionally, other components, numbers of components, or combinations of components may be included in a suitable vehicle for performing aspects of this disclosure. As such, this disclosure is not limited to a specific device or configuration of components, including vehicle 400.
[0132] Vehicle 400 can communicate as a user equipment (UE) within a 5G wireless network using WAN adaptor 552. The 5G wireless network supports various features such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , and massive machine-type communication (mMTC) . The URLLC feature may be particularly relevant for the adaptive transmission techniques described herein, as it provides the low latency and high reliability required for remote driving applications. The 5G network may also support network slicing, allowing for the creation of dedicated slices for specific use cases such as remote driving. The MAC-CE, UCI, and BSR formats used for the configuration reports, ASIL status reports, and repetition / retransmission indicators may be defined specifically for the remote driving use case and associated network slice.
[0133] Wireless network 500 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time. In some scenarios, networks may be enabled or configured to handle dynamic switching between synchronous or asynchronous operations.
[0134] FIG. 6 illustrates a wireless network 600 that includes nodes (e.g., communication nodes) , such as base stations 605 and other network entities. A network entity is generally a communications device and / or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) . For example, various functions of a network as well as various devices associated with and interacting with a network may be considered network entities.
[0135] In the illustrated example, wireless communications network 600 includes BSs 605, UEs 615, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and 5G Core (5GC) network, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links. A base station may be a station that communicates with the UEs and may also be referred to as an evolved node B (eNB) , a next generation eNB (gNB) , an access point, a node, and the like. Each base station 605 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term “cell” may refer to this particular geographic coverage area of a base station or a base station subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. In implementations of wireless network 600 herein, base stations 605 may be associated with a same operator or different operators (e.g., wireless network 600 may include a plurality of operator wireless networks) . Additionally, in implementations of wireless network 600 herein, base station 605 may provide wireless communications using one or more of the same frequencies (e.g., one or more frequency bands in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination thereof) as a neighboring cell. In some examples, an individual base station 605 or UE 615 may be operated by more than one network operating entity. In some other examples, each base station 605 and UE 615 may be operated by a single network operating entity.
[0136] A base station may provide communication coverage for a macro cell or a small cell, such as a pico cell or a femto cell, or other types of cell. A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell, such as a pico cell, would generally cover a relatively smaller geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell, such as a femto cell, would also generally cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , UEs for users in the home, and the like) . A base station for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro base station. A base station for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell base station, a pico base station, a femto base station or a home base station. In the example shown in FIG. 3, base stations 605d and 605e are regular macro base stations, while base stations 605a-605c are macro base stations enabled with one of three-dimension (3D) , full dimension (FD) , or massive MIMO. Base stations 605a-605c take advantage of their higher dimension MIMO capabilities to exploit 3D beamforming in both elevation and azimuth beamforming to increase coverage and capacity. Base station 605f is a small cell base station which may be a home node or portable access point. A base station may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells.
[0137] UEs 615 are dispersed throughout wireless network 600, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. In the context of this disclosure, a UE may be a vehicle, such as vehicle 400 described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. The UE may communicate with a base station in wireless network 600 to support adaptive transmission for remote driving uplink video streaming. For example, the UE may output, for transmission to a base station, a configuration report that includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information specific to one or more cameras associated with the UE. The UE may then output, for transmission to the base station, video data according to a transmission strategy that is based on the ASIL requirement information.
[0138] The configuration report may be transmitted via a modified Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or uplink control information (UCI) format, which may involve adding a new field to convey target reliability or target error rate information. The configuration report may be transmitted before transmitting video data, when a video streaming mode changes, or with an uplink transmission.
[0139] The UE may also output, for transmission to the base station, a status report that indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period. The status report may be transmitted before transmitting the video data or may include a target frame error rate for a subsequent transmission. Additionally, the status report may be transmitted periodically.
[0140] In another embodiment, the UE may identify a required number or quantity of repetitions for each packet of video data or a number of retransmissions needed to meet the ASIL requirement. The UE may then output, for transmission to the base station, a repetition or retransmission indicator based on this identification, and output, for transmission, the video data using the repetition or retransmission indicator. The repetition or retransmission indicator may be output for transmission via a Buffer Status Report (BSR) , and may comprise a single bit in the BSR to indicate that retransmission of certain packets is not required when a reliability requirement for corresponding frames is not high.
[0141] Wireless network 600 may support various features of 5G networks, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , and massive machine-type communication (mMTC) . The URLLC feature may be particularly relevant for the adaptive transmission techniques described herein, as it provides the low latency and high reliability required for remote driving applications. Wireless network 600 may also support network slicing, allowing for the creation of dedicated slices for specific use cases such as remote driving. The MAC-CE, UCI, and BSR formats used for the configuration reports, status reports, and repetition / retransmission indicators may be defined specifically for the remote driving use case and associated network slice.
[0142] In operation at wireless network 600, base stations 605a-605c may serve UEs 615a and 615b, which may be vehicles configured for remote driving, using 3D beamforming and coordinated spatial techniques, such as coordinated multipoint (CoMP) or multi- connectivity. The base stations may receive configuration reports, status reports, and / or repetition / retransmission indicators from the UEs, and use this information to compute transmission strategies and adjust transmission parameters for the uplink video streaming. Macro base station 605d may perform backhaul communications with base stations 605a-605c, as well as small cell base station 605f, to support the adaptive transmission techniques across multiple base stations serving the UEs.
[0143] FIG. 7 illustrates a method 400 for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) according to aspects of this disclosure. According to some aspects, the wireless node is a user equipment as described in any of FIGs 1-3 and 5, e.g., UE 515 of FIG. 5. According to other aspects, the wireless node is a network entity, such as a base station as described in any of FIGs 1-3 and 5, e.g., BS 505 in FIG. 5.
[0144] At step 702, the wireless node outputs, for transmission, a configuration report that includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information. This configuration report provides the base station with information necessary to determine an appropriate transmission strategy for the video data. The configuration report may be transmitted via a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or uplink control information (UCI) . The configuration report can be transmitted at various times, such as before transmitting video data, when a video streaming mode changes, or with an uplink transmission. Additionally, the configuration report may indicate a target reliability for a subsequent video data transmission, enabling the base station to determine the appropriate transmission parameters to meet the specific reliability needs of the video data. The ASIL requirement information included in the configuration report can be associated with one or more cameras associated with a UE or other wireless node, allowing for adaptable transmission strategies based on the reliability requirements of each camera.
[0145] At step 704, the wireless node outputs, for transmission, video data according to a transmission strategy that is based on the ASIL requirement information. This transmission strategy may involve adjustments to various parameters, such as, e.g., modulation and coding schemes, frequency and time resource allocation, and MIMO settings, to meet the specified reliability targets while optimizing resource utilization. The wireless node may also output, for transmission, a status report that indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period. This status report provides the base station with feedback on the current transmission quality, enabling dynamic adjustments to transmission strategy. The status report can be transmitted before transmitting the video data or include a target frame error rate for the subsequent transmission, thereby allowing a base station or other wireless node to proactively adapt to changing conditions and ensure that the reliability targets are met. Additionally, the status report may be transmitted periodically, providing regular updates to the base station while balancing the need for timely feedback with reduced signaling overhead.
[0146] FIG. 8 illustrates a method 800 for wireless communication at a base station according to aspects of this disclosure. According to some aspects, the wireless node is a user equipment as described in any of FIGs 1-3 and 5, e.g., UE 515 of FIG. 5. According to other aspects, the wireless node is a network entity, such as a base station as described in any of FIGs 1-3 and 5, e.g., BS 505 in FIG. 5.
[0147] At step 802, the wireless node receives a configuration report that can include Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information. This configuration report provides the b wireless node with information necessary to determine an appropriate transmission strategy for video data received from a UE or other wireless node. The configuration report may be received via a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or uplink control information (UCI) . The configuration report can be received at various times, such as, e.g., before receiving video data from, e.g., the UE, when a video streaming mode changes, or with an uplink transmission. Additionally, the configuration report may indicate a target reliability for a subsequent video data transmission, which enables wireless node to determine the appropriate transmission parameters to meet the specific reliability needs for transmitting the video data. The ASIL requirement information included in the configuration report can be associated with one or more cameras associated with the UE, allowing for adaptable transmission strategies based on the reliability requirements of each camera.
[0148] At step 804, the wireless node outputs a transmission strategy for video data. This transmission strategy, which is based on ASIL requirement information, may involve adjustments to various parameters, such as, e.g., modulation and coding scheme, frequency and time resource allocation, and MIMO settings, to meet the specified reliability targets while optimizing resource utilization. The wireless node may also receive a status report that indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period. This status report indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period. As such, the status report provides the wireless node with feedback on current transmission quality, enabling dynamic adjustments to the transmission strategy. The status report can be received before receiving the video data from a UE or other wireless node or include a target frame error rate for the subsequent transmission, allowing the wireless node to proactively adapt to changing conditions and ensure that the reliability targets are met. Additionally, the status report may be received periodically, providing regular updates to the wireless node while balancing the need for timely feedback with reduced signaling overhead.
[0149] FIG. 9 illustrates a method 900 for wireless communication at a wireless node according to aspects of this disclosure. According to some aspects, the wireless node is a user equipment as described in any of FIGs 1-3 and 5, e.g., UE 515 of FIG. 5. According to other aspects, the wireless node is a network entity, such as a base station as described in any of FIGs 1-3 and 5, e.g., BS 505 in FIG. 5.
[0150] At step 902, the wireless node identifies at least one of a quantity or number of repetitions for one or more packets or a quantity or number of retransmissions for the one or more packets. The identification (s) can be based on an ASIL requirement. This identification process allows the wireless node to determine the necessary level of redundancy or error correction based on the reliability needs of the video data. The identification may involve calculating the number of repetitions or retransmissions needed to meet a specific target reliability or error rate associated with the ASIL requirement.
[0151] At step 904, the wireless node outputs, for transmission after the identifying, at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator. This indicator informs the base station of the wireless node’s recommended transmission strategy, which may involve repeating certain packets or allowing for a specific number of retransmissions. The repetition or retransmission indicator can be output for transmission via a Buffer Status Report (BSR) , leveraging existing signaling methods to convey this information efficiently. The indicator may comprise a single bit in the BSR, providing a compact way to signal whether retransmission of certain packets is required based on the reliability requirements of the corresponding video frames.
[0152] At step 906, the wireless node outputs, for transmission, video data using the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator. This step involves outputting for transmission the video data according to the recommended transmission strategy, which may include repeating packets or allowing for a specific number of retransmissions as indicated by the repetition or retransmission indicator. By outputting the video data for transmission using the recommended strategy, the wireless node ensures that the reliability requirements associated with the ASIL are met while optimizing resource utilization.
[0153] FIG. 10 illustrates a method 1000 for wireless communication at a wireless node according to aspects of this disclosure. According to some aspects, the wireless node is a user equipment as described in any of FIGs 1-3 and 5, e.g., UE 515 of FIG. 5. According to other aspects, the wireless node is a network entity, such as a base station as described in any of FIGs 1-3 and 5, e.g., BS 505 in FIG. 5.
[0154] At step 1002, the wireless node receives at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator, which can be based on an Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement. This indicator informs the b wireless node of a UE’s recommended transmission strategy, which may involve repeating certain packets or allowing for a specific number of retransmissions to meet the reliability requirements associated with the ASIL. The repetition or retransmission indicator can be received via a Buffer Status Report (BSR) , leveraging existing signaling methods for efficient communication. The indicator may comprise a single bit in the BSR, providing a compact way to signal whether retransmission of certain packets is required based on the reliability requirements of the corresponding video frames.
[0155] At step 1004, the wireless node receives video data according to the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator. This step involves receiving the video data transmitted by a UE or other wireless node according to the recommended transmission strategy, which may include repeating packets or allowing for a specific number of retransmissions as indicated by the repetition or retransmission indicator. By receiving the video data according to the recommended strategy, the base station ensures that the reliability requirements associated with the ASIL are met while optimizing resource utilization.
[0156] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0157] Clause 1: A method for wireless communication at a wireless node, the method comprising: outputting, for transmission, a configuration report, wherein the configuration report includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information; and outputting, for transmission, video data according to a transmission strategy that is based on the ASIL requirement information.
[0158] Clause 2: The method of Clause 1, wherein the configuration report is outputted via a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or via uplink control information (UCI) .
[0159] Clause 3: The method of Clause 1, wherein the configuration report is outputted at least one of: before video data; when a video streaming mode changes; or with an uplink transmission.
[0160] Clause 4: The method of Clause 1, wherein the configuration report indicates a target reliability for a subsequent video data transmission.
[0161] Clause 5: The method of Clause 1, wherein the ASIL requirement information is associated with one or more cameras associated with a User Equipment.
[0162] Clause 6: The method of Clause 1, further comprising: outputting, for transmission, a status report, wherein the status report indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period.
[0163] Clause 7: The method of Clause 6, wherein the status report, at least one of: is outputted for transmission before the video data is outputted for transmission; or includes a target frame error rate for the subsequent transmission.
[0164] Clause 8: The method of Clause 6, wherein the status report, at least one of: is outputted periodically; or includes a target frame error rate for the subsequent transmission.
[0165] Clause 9: A method for wireless communication at wireless node, the method comprising: identifying at least one of a quantity of repetitions for one or more packets or a quantity of retransmissions for the one or more packets, wherein the identification is based on an Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement; outputting, for transmission after the identifying, at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator; and outputting, for transmission, video data by using the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator.
[0166] Clause 10: The method of Clause 9, wherein the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator is output for transmission via a Buffer Status Report (BSR) .
[0167] Clause 11: The method of Clause 9, wherein the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator comprises a single bit in a BSR to indicate that retransmission of the one or more packets is not required.
[0168] Clause 12: A method for wireless communication at a wireless node, the method comprising: obtaining a configuration report, wherein the configuration report includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information; and outputting, for transmission, a transmission strategy for video data, wherein the transmission strategy is based on the ASIL requirement information.
[0169] Clause 13: The method of Clause 12, wherein the configuration report is obtained via a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or via uplink control information (UCI) .
[0170] Clause 14: The method of Clause 12, wherein the configuration report is obtained at least one of: before video data; when a video streaming mode changes; or with an uplink transmission.
[0171] Clause 15: The method of Clause 12, wherein the configuration report indicates a target reliability for a subsequent video data transmission.
[0172] Clause 16: The method of Clause 12, wherein the ASIL requirement information is associated with one or more cameras associated with a User Equipment.
[0173] Clause 17: The method of Clause 12, further comprising: obtaining a status report, wherein the status report indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period.
[0174] Clause 18: The method of Clause 17, wherein the status report, at least one of: is obtained before the video data; or includes a target frame error rate for the subsequent transmission.
[0175] Clause 19: The method of Clause 17, wherein the status report, at least one of: is obtained periodically; or includes a target frame error rate for the subsequent transmission from the UE.
[0176] Clause 20: The method of Clause 12, wherein the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator is received via a Buffer Status Report (BSR) .
[0177] Clause 21: An apparatus, comprising: at least one memory comprising executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-20.
[0178] Clause 22: An apparatus, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-20.
[0179] Clause 23: A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-20.
[0180] Clause 24: A computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-20.
[0181] Clause 25: A network node (e.g., a UE) , comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, individually or collectively, configured to cause the network node to perform the method of clauses 1-8, wherein the at least one transceiver is configured to output the configuration report and the video data according to the transmission strategy that is based on the ASIL requirement information.
[0182] Clause 26: A network node (e.g., a UE) , comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, individually or collectively, configured to cause the network node to perform the method of clauses 9-11, wherein the at least one transceiver is configured to identify the least one of a quantity of repetitions for one or more packets or a quantity of retransmissions for the one or more packets, wherein the identification is based on an Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement; output the at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator; and output the video data by using the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator.
[0183] Clause 27: A network node (e.g., a network entity) comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, individually or collectively, configured to cause the network node to perform the method of clauses 12-20, wherein the at least one transceiver is configured to obtain the configuration report, wherein the configuration report includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information; and output the transmission strategy for video data, wherein the transmission strategy is based on the ASIL requirement information.
[0184] In the figures, a single block may be described as performing a function or functions. The function or functions performed by that block may be performed in a single component or across multiple components, or may be performed using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described below generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of this disclosure. Also, the example devices may include components other than those shown, including well-known components such as a processor, memory, and the like.
[0185] In some cases, rather than actually transmitting a signal, an apparatus (e.g., a wireless node or device) may have an interface to output the signal for transmission. For example, a processor may output a signal, via a bus interface, to a radio frequency (RF) front end for transmission. Accordingly, a means for outputting may include such an interface as an alternative (or in addition) to a transmitter or transceiver. Similarly, rather than actually receiving a signal, an apparatus (e.g., a wireless node or device) may have an interface to obtain a signal from another device. For example, a processor may obtain (or receive) a signal, via a bus interface, from an RF front end for reception. Accordingly, a means for obtaining may include such an interface as an alternative (or in addition) to a receiver or transceiver.
[0186] While the present disclosure may describe certain operations as being performed by one type of wireless node, the same or similar operations may also be performed by another type of wireless node. For example, operations performed by a user equipment (UE) may also (or instead) be performed by a network entity (e.g., a base station or unit of a disaggregated base station) . Similarly, operations performed by a network entity may also (or instead) be performed by a UE.
[0187] Further, while the present disclosure may describe certain types of communications between different types of wireless nodes (e.g., between a network entity and a UE) , the same or similar types of communications may occur between same types of wireless nodes (e.g., between network entities or between UEs, in a peer-to-peer scenario) . Further, communications may occur in reverse order than described.
[0188] As used herein, the term “determine” or “selecting” encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “selecting” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, estimating, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , inferring, ascertaining, or measuring, among other possibilities. Also, “selecting” can include receiving (such as receiving information) , accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory) or transmitting (such as transmitting information) , among other possibilities. Additionally, “selecting” can include resolving, selecting, obtaining, choosing, establishing and other such similar actions.
[0189] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” or “one or more of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c. As used herein, “or” is intended to be interpreted in the inclusive sense, unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, “a or b” may include a only, b only, or a combination of a and b. Furthermore, as used herein, a phrase referring to “a” or “an” element refers to one or more of such elements acting individually or collectively to perform the recited function (s) . Additionally, a “set” refers to one or more items, and a “subset” refers to less than a whole set, but non-empty.
[0190] As used herein, “based on” is intended to be interpreted in the inclusive sense, unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, “based on” may be used interchangeably with “based at least in part on, ” “associated with, ” “in association with, ” or “in accordance with” unless otherwise explicitly indicated. Specifically, unless a phrase refers to “based on only ‘a, ’ ” or the equivalent in context, whatever it is that is “based on ‘a, ’ ” or “based at least in part on ‘a, ’ ” may be based on “a” alone or based on a combination of “a” and one or more other factors, conditions, or information.
[0191] The various illustrative components, logic, logical blocks, modules, circuits, operations, and algorithm processes described in connection with the examples disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or combinations of hardware, firmware, or software, including the structures disclosed in this specification and the structural equivalents thereof. The interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software has been described generally, in terms of functionality, and illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits and processes described above. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware, firmware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0192] Various modifications to the examples described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to persons having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other examples without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the examples shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel features disclosed herein.
[0193] Additionally, various features that are described in this specification in the context of separate examples also can be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation also can be implemented in multiple examples separately or in any suitable sub-combination. As such, although features may be described above as acting in particular combinations, and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
[0194] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Further, the drawings may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flowchart or flow diagram. However, other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated in the example processes that are schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the illustrated operations. In some circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the examples described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all examples, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.
Claims
An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory comprising computer-executable instructions; andone or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:output, for transmission, a configuration report, wherein the configuration report includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information; andoutput, for transmission, video data according to a transmission strategy that is based on the ASIL requirement information.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration report is outputted via a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or via uplink control information (UCI) .The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration report is outputted at least one of:before video data;when a video streaming mode changes; orwith an uplink transmission.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration report indicates a target reliability for a subsequent video data transmission.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ASIL requirement information is associated with one or more cameras associated with a User Equipment.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:output, for transmission, a status report, wherein the status report indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the status report, at least one of:is outputted for transmission before the video data is outputted for transmission; orincludes a target frame error rate for the subsequent transmission.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the status report, at least one of:is outputted periodically; orincludes a target frame error rate for the subsequent transmission.An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory comprising computer-executable instructions; andone or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:identify at least one of a quantity of repetitions for one or more packets or a quantity of retransmissions for the one or more packets, wherein the identification is based on an Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement;output, for transmission after the identifying, at least one of a repetition indicator or a retransmission indicator; andoutput, for transmission, video data by using the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator is output for transmission via a Buffer Status Report (BSR) .The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator comprises a single bit in a BSR to indicate that retransmission of the one or more packets is not required.An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory comprising computer-executable instructions; andone or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:obtain a configuration report, wherein the configuration report includes Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirement information; andoutput, for transmission, a transmission strategy for video data, wherein the transmission strategy is based on the ASIL requirement information.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the configuration report is obtained via a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) or via uplink control information (UCI) .The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the configuration report is obtained at least one of:before video data;when a video streaming mode changes; orwith an uplink transmission.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the configuration report indicates a target reliability for a subsequent video data transmission.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the ASIL requirement information is associated with one or more cameras associated with a User Equipment.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:obtain a status report, wherein the status report indicates a quantity of missed frames associated with a past time period.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the status report, at least one of:is obtained before the video data; orincludes a target frame error rate for the subsequent transmission.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the status report, at least one of:is obtained periodically; orincludes a target frame error rate for the subsequent transmission from the UE.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the repetition indicator or the retransmission indicator is obtained via a Buffer Status Report (BSR).
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