Fungicidal combination

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a fungicidal combination comprising at least one Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide fungicide, at least one triazole fungicide, and at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide The present disclosure also relates to a fungicidal composition comprising the fungicidal combination and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to a method for controlling growth of fungal disease in a plant, the method comprising applying a fungicidal composition comprising the fungicidal combination to the plant, or a locus, or a plant propagation material thereof.

Description

[0001] FUNGICIDAL COMBINATION FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to a combination comprising at least one Pyridinyl-ethyl- benzamide fungicide, at least one triazole fungicide, and at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide. This disclosure also concerns compositions comprising the combinations for controlling a broad spectrum of fungal diseases BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Fungicides are a type of pesticides and are useful for controlling the growth of unwanted fungi and their spores. Profitable crop production depends on effective pest control. Fungicides are an integral and important tool used by farmers to achieve effective control of fungi, in order to increase the yield and quality of crops. The activity of fungicides can be enhanced in various ways to achieve maximum benefit. One method for improving fungicidal activity is to use a combination of fungicides. However, the effectiveness of a given combination varies depending on the type of fungus (pest) to be controlled and the type of plant affected by the pest. For example, different pests affect different crops and respond to different fungicides to varying extents. Also crop sensitivity varies based on the type of fungicides being used. As a result, it is challenging to identify an appropriate fungicidal combination, the application rate of the fungicidal composition comprising the fungicidal combination, and the ratio of each fungicide in the combinations, that is needed to achieve efficacious control of fungal diseases and increase the yield and quality of crops. There are a variety of different types of fungicides, including multi-site fungicides and systemic fungicides. However, as crop tolerance decreases, lower use rates are imposed, and fungal resistance is increasingly observed. There is also a need for alternative treatments having broader disease control, curative and preventive functions, and a lower dosage requirement. It is, therefore, necessary to use fungicidal combinations that are capable of overcoming one or more of the aforementioned problems. OBJECTIVES OF THE DISCLOSURE: It is a primary objective of the present disclosure to provide fungicidal combinations comprising at least one Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide fungicide, at least one triazole fungicide, and at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide. It is yet another objective of the present disclosure to provide a fungicidal composition comprising at least one Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide fungicide; at least one triazole fungicide; at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. It is another objective of the present disclosure to provide a method for controlling fungal growth, said method comprising applying a fungicidal combination to said plants. It is yet another objective of the present disclosure to provide fungicidal combinations possessing enhanced efficacy over the individual fungicides. It is another objective of the present disclosure to provide fungicidal combinations achieving increased yield in the crops to which they are applied. It is yet another objective of the present disclosure to provide fungicidal combinations reducing the incidence of fungal diseases in the crops to which they are applied. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE: In one aspect of the present disclosure, the disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising at least one Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide fungicide, at least one triazole fungicide and at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: at least one Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide fungicide; at least one triazole fungicide; at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of a fungicidal combination comprising at least one Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide fungicide, at least one triazole fungicide, and at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide, for controlling the growth of fungal disease in plants. In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling fungal diseases in a plant, said method comprising applying to the plant, or to a locus, or to a plant propagation material thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination comprising at least one quinoline fungicide and at least one anilinopyrimidine fungicide. Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the detailed description that follows, which illustrates by way of example, the most preferred features of the present disclosure, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE: The present disclosure now will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying examples, in which embodiments of the disclosure are shown. This description is not intended to be a detailed catalogue of all the different ways in which the disclosure may be implemented, or all the features that may be added to the instant disclosure. For example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. Thus, the disclosure contemplates that in some embodiments of the disclosure, any feature or combination of features set forth herein can be excluded or omitted. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggested herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure, which do not depart from the instant disclosure. Hence, the following descriptions are intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the disclosure, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations, combinations and variations thereof. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the disclosure, suitable methods and materials are described herein. It must be noted that, as used in this specification, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The terms first, second etc., as used herein are not meant to denote any particular ordering, but simply for convenience to denote a plurality of, for example, layers. The terms “preferred” and “preferably” refer to embodiments of the disclosure that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances. As used herein, the terms “comprising” “including,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. As used herein, the term “about” or “approximately” is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ± 10% or ± 5% of the stated value. Recitation of ranges of values are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. The endpoints of all ranges are included within the range and independently combinable. As used herein, all numerical values or numerical ranges include integers within such ranges and fractions of the values or the integers within ranges unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a range of 90-100%, includes 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 95%, 97%, etc., as well as 91.1%, 91.2%, 91.3%, 91.4%, 91.5%, etc., 92.1%, 92.2%, 92.3%, 92.4%, 92.5%, etc., and so forth. All methods described herein can be performed in a suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”), is intended merely to better illustrate the disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the disclosure as used herein. While the disclosure has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made, and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this disclosure, but that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. As used herein, the expression of various quantities in terms of “%” or “% w / v” or “% w / w” means the percentage by weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified. As used herein, the term “agrochemical” used herein is understood to denote an agricultural chemical such as pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, nematicides, plant growth regulators and can be used interchangeably. As used herein, the term “agrochemically acceptable salt” means a salt which is acceptable for use in agrochemical or horticultural use. The salts referred to herein are agrochemically acceptable salts. As used herein, the term “agrochemical combination” refers to a mixture of more than one component mixed and intended to be applied onto plants with and without further dilution. As used herein, the term “fungicide” denotes a compound which controls or modifies the growth of fungus. As used herein, the term “fungicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to control or modify the growth of fungus. As used herein, the term “fungicidally effective amount” indicates the quantity of such a compound or combination of such compounds which is capable of controlling or modifying the growth of the fungus. The terms “effective amount” or “agriculturally acceptable effective amount”, refer to an amount of an active ingredient, such as in the disclosed combination(s), which has an adverse effect on a fungus, treats or prevents a fungal disease in a plant, and is not significantly toxic to the plant being treated. The adverse effect can include killing of the fungus (fungicidal), preventing growth of the fungus, blocking of biosynthetic pathway(s), or a combination thereof. As used herein, the term “control” or “disease control” refers to the treatment and / or prevention of a disease, and specifically, a fungal disease. Controlling effects include any and all deviations from the natural development of the disease, for example: killing of the fungal agent, retardation of disease development, and decrease in amount or degree of the fungal disease. As used herein, the term “plant(s)” or “crop(s)” refers to all of the physical parts of a plant, including for example, seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits. This term also encompasses plant crops such as fruits. The term “plant” may further include the propagation material thereof, which may include all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers, which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, tubers, spores, corms, bulbs, rhizomes, sprouts basal shoots, stolons, and buds and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil. As used herein, the term “locus” refers to the vicinity, area, or place in which the plants are growing, where plant propagation materials of the plants are sown, and / or where the plant propagation materials of the plants will be placed into the soil. As used herein, the term “plant propagation material” is understood to refer to all of the generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, vegetative material such as cuttings or tubers, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, and other parts of plants, germinated plants, and / or young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. These young plants may be protected prior to transplantation by a total or partial immersion treatment / system. As used herein, the term “seed” embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, cuttings, cut shoots and the like. In a preferred embodiment a seed is a true seed. As used herein, the term “increased yield” of an agricultural plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the compositions described herein. According to the present disclosure, it is preferred that the crop yield be increased by at least 0.5 %, preferably at least 2%, more preferably at least 5%, upon application of the combinations and compositions described herein. The composition also increases the vigour / yield of the plant . As used herein, the term ‘pre-emergence’ refers to the time point before plants emerge from the ground. As used herein, the term ‘post-emergence’ refers to the time point after plants emerge from the ground. As used herein, the term “g a.i. / L” as used herein denotes the concentration of the respective active ingredient in “grams” present “per litre” of the composition. As used herein, the term “g a.i. / h” as used herein denotes the concentration of the respective active ingredient in “grams” applied “per hectare” of the crop field. As used herein, the term “alkyl” means a straight or branched chain, saturated, monovalent hydrocarbon group including, for example, 1 to 50 carbon atoms (C1 to C50 alkyl). As used herein, the term “alkylaryl” means an alkyl group covalently linked to a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group that is linked to a compound. As used herein, the term “aryl,” means a cyclic moiety in which all ring members are carbon and at least one ring is aromatic, the moiety having the specified number of carbon atoms, specifically 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more specifically 6 to 12 carbon atoms. More than one ring may be present, and any additional rings may be independently aromatic, saturated or partially unsaturated, and may be fused, pendant, spirocyclic or a combination thereof. Fluopyram is a broad spectrum fungicide with penetrant and translaminar properties for foliar, drip, drench and seed treatment applications on a wide range of different crops against many economically important plant diseases. It is very effective in preventative applications against powdery mildew species, grey mould and white mould species. It has an efficacy against many other plant diseases. Fluopyram has shown activity in spore germination, germ tube elongation and mycelium growth tests. At the biochemical level, fluopyram inhibits mitochondrial respiration by blocking the electron transport in the respiratory chain of Succinate Dehydrogenase (complex II— SDH inhibitor). Difenoconazole (difenoconazole) is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide with low toxicity, stable chemical property and long lasting period, belongs to 14 alpha-sterol demethylation inhibitor, can interfere hypha growth, inhibits pathogen spore germination, and finally inhibits fungal growth. It is widely used for preventing and treating leaf blight, anthracnose, leaf spot, powdery mildew, scab and other diseases on various crops such as rice, grape, pear, banana, beet and the like. Ziram was introduced in the United States in 1960 as a broad-spectrum fungicide. It was used to address scab on apples and pears, leaf curl in peaches, and anthracnose and blight in tomatoes. In 1981, additional uses for ziram were approved, including the prevention of leaf blight and scab on almonds, shot-hole in apricots, brown rot and leaf spot in cherries, and scab and anthracnose in pecans. In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an agrochemical combination. Accordingly in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination. Accordingly in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides fungicidal combinations. Accordingly in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) at least one Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide fungicide b) at least one triazole fungicide; and c) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide. In an embodiment, the Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide fungicide is Fluopyram. In an embodiment, the triazole fungicide is Difenoconazole. In an embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicide is Ziram. Accordingly in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an agrochemical composition. Accordingly in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) at least one Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide fungicide b) at least one triazole fungicide c) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; and d) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. In an embodiment, the Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide is fluopyram. In an embodiment, the triazole fungicide is Difenoconazole. In an embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicide is Ziram. In a preferred embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: (a) fluopyram. (b) Difenoconazole (c) Ziram; and (c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. In an embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipients are selected from one or more of dispersant / dispersing agents, carriers,, thickeners / binders, Biocides, wetting agents, antifreeze agents, antifoaming agents, solvents, other auxiliary agents, or combinations thereof. Wetting agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend alkylphenol ethoxylates or polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, lignosulfonates, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates. In a preferred embodiment, the wetting agent in an amount of from 1% to 4.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition. Antifoaming agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polydimethyl siloxane, polydimethyl siloxane emulsion or mixtures thereof; The Antifoaming agent is present in an amount of from 0.10% to 10% by weight based on a total weight of the composition. Anti-freezing agents is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to selected from the group comprising of ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-15 1,2,3-triol, urea or mixtures thereof. The anti-freezing agents is present in an amount of from 3% to 10% by weight based on a total weight of the composition. Biocide is selected from the group comprising of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde, dipropyl glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one or mixtures thereof. The Biocide is present in an amount of from 0.10% to 1.0 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition. Dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polymeric ester dispersant, ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate ester, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate / naphthalene sulphonic acid condensate, acrylic copolymer, nonionic proprietary surfactant blend, polycarboxylates, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, aryl sulphonate condensate, sodium lignosulphonate, dispertox BS SPL, polystyrenatedacrylated co-polymer, modified styrene acrylic copolymer, salts of phenol sulfonic acids, Terwet 2700,butyl polyalkylene oxide block co-polymer, mixture of tristyrylphenolethoxylates and polyalkylene oxide derivative of a synthetic alcohol, Kraft lignin sulphonate, random co-polymer of alcoxylated polyethylene glycol or mixtures thereof ;The Dispersing agent is present in an amount of from 2% to 6% by weight based on a total weight of the composition. Inert carriers is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to kaolin, Distilled water china clay, alumina, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, crushed and fractionated natural minerals such as calcite, marble, pumice, dextrin, precipitated silica, sepiolite, bentonite, river sand, white sand, zeolites, starch, sand, talc, quartz, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, aluminium oxide, silicates, calcium phosphates, calcium hydrogen phosphates, ammonium sulphate or mixtures thereof. Thickening agents is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to thickening agents by weight of the formulation selected from Hydrophobic fumed silica, Polysaccharides / carboxymethyl cellulose / Bentonite Clay or Organic derivative of hectorite clay. The thickening agents is present in an amount of from ranges from 0.10%-0.50%by weight based on a total weight of the composition . In an embodiment, the compositions of the present disclosure are produced by combining the actives with at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient to prepare a mixture and formulating the mixture into a solid or liquid formulation. Examples of the solid or liquid formulation includes, but are not limited to, wettable powders, granules, suspension concentrates (SC), WG (wettable granules), wettable Powder (WP), Suspension concentrate (SC),) and Suspo-emulsion (SE). According to an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) (a) at least one Pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide fungicide b) at least one triazole fungicide; c) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; and d) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. In an embodiment, the formulation is selected from WG (wettable granules ), wettable Powder (WP), Suspension concentrate (SC),) and Suspo-emulsion (SE). In another embodiment, the fungicidal combinations disclosed herein may be applied simultaneously as a tank mix or together as a pre-mix formulation, or each fungicide may be applied sequentially. The undesired pathogenic microorganism for the present invention is selected from the group comprising of Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g. A. Candida) and sunflowers (e.g. A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, citrus fruits (A. citri), rape (A. brassicola or A. brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e.g. A. solani or A. alternata), tomatoes (e.g. A. solaniorA. alternata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cotton, cereals and vegetables, e.g. A. tritici(anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordeion barley; BipolarisandDrechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp. for e.g. Cochlioboluscarbonum(northern corn leaf blight)), e.g. Southern leaf blight (D. maydis) or Northern leaf blight (B. zeicola) on corn, e.g. spot blotch (B. sorokiniana) on cereals, e.g. B. oryzae on rice and turfs and on oats; Blumeria(formerly Erysiphe) graminis(powdery mildew) on cereals (e.g. on wheat or barley); Botrytis cinerea(teleomorph: Botryotiniafuckeliana: grey mold) on fruits and berries (e.g. strawberries), vegetables (e.g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages), rape, flowers, vines, forestry plants and wheat; Bremialactucae(downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broadleaved trees and evergreens, e.g. C. ulmi(Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn and cotton, (Cercospora blight spots) on cotton, (e.g. Gray leaf spot: C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beets (e.g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e.g. C. sojinaorC. kikuchii) and rice, sunflower (e.g. cercospora leaf spot: C. helianthi),peanut (e.g. early leaf spot: C. arachidicola); Cercosporidium spp. on peanut (e.g. C. personatum: late leaf spot); Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e.g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e.g. C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat, C. caryigenum(pecan scab) on pecan; Cylindrocladium spp. on peanut (C.crotalariae: cylindrocladium black rot); Clavicepspurpurea(ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus(anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on corn (C. carbonum), cereals (e.g. C.sativus(black point), anamorph: B. sorokiniana) and rice (e.g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae);Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) on cotton (e.g. C. gossypii), corn (e.g. C.graminicola: Anthracnose stalk rot), soft fruits, potatoes (e.g. C. coccodes: black dot), beans (e.g. C.Iindemuthianum), citrus fruits (e.g. C. acutatum(post bloom fruit drop), C. gloeosporioides) andsoybeans (e.g. C. truncatumorC. gloeosporioides); Corticium spp., e.g. C. sasakii(sheath blight) onrice; Corynesporacassiicola(leaf spots) on soybeans and ornamentals; Cycloconium spp., e.g. C.oleaginumon olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (e.g. fruit tree canker or young vine decline,teleomorph: NectriaorNeonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vines (e.g. C. liriodendri, teleomorph:Neonectrialiriodendri: Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals; Dematophora(teleomorph: Rosellinia)necatrix(root and stem rot) on soybeans; Diplodia spp. e.g. Diplodia boll rot on cotton, Diaporthespp., e.g. D. phaseolorum(damping off) on soybeans, D. citri(melanose) on citrus fruits; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e.g. D.teres, net blotch), oats (e.g. D. avenae, leaf spot), and wheat (e.g. D. tritici-repentis: tan spot), rice andturf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formitiporia(syn. Phellinus) punctata, F.mediterranea, Phaeomoniellachlamydospora (earlier Phaeoacremoniumchlamydosporum),Phaeoacremoniumaleophilumand / or Botryosphaeriaobtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruits (E. pyri),on citrus fruits (E. fawcetti), soft fruits (E. veneta: anthracnose) and vines (E. ampelina: anthracnose);Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccum spp. (black mold) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powderymildew) on sugar beets (E. betae), (powdery mildew) on rye (E. graminis), vegetables (e.g. E. pisi),such as cucurbits (e.g. E. cichoracearum), cabbages, sunflower, rape 5 (e.g. E. cruciferarum), peas andbean (e.g. E. polygoni); Eutypalata(Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporinalata, syn.Libertellablepharis) on fruit trees, vines and ornamental woods; Exserohilum (syn.Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (e.g. E. turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (wilt,root or stem rot) on various plants, such as hardlock, boll rot of cotton, F. graminearumorF.culmorum(root rot, scab or head blight) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley), F. oxysporumontomatoes,F. solanion soybeans and F. verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomycesgraminis(take-all) on cereals(e.g. wheat or barley) and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g. G. fujikuroi:Bakanae disease); Glomerellacingulataon vines, pome fruits and other plants and G. gossypiioncotton; Grain staining complex on rice; Guignardiabidwellii(black rot) on vines, Guignardiacitricarpa(balck spot) on citrus fruits; Gymnosporangium spp. on rosaceous plants and junipers, e.g. G. sabinae(rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) oncorn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e.g. H. vastatrix(coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora(syn. Cladosporium vitis) on vines; Kabatiellazeae(eyespot) on corn; Leptosphaeria maculans(blackleg) on oilseed crops; Leptosphaerulina spp. on peanut (e.g. L. crassiasca:pepperspot); Macrophominaphaseolina(syn. phaseoli) (root and stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale (pink snow mold) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley);Microsphaeradiffusa(powdery mildew) on soybeans; Myeosphaerellacitri(greasy spot) on citrusfruit, Monilinia spp., e.g. M.nodorum(Stagonospora blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria (syn. Phaeosphaeria) nodorum) on wheat, septrotialeaf and glume blotch on rye; Stemphyllium spp. e.g. stemphyllium leaf spot on cotton, Synchytriumendobioticumon potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e.g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease)on peaches and T. pruni(plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pomefruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e.g. T. basicola(syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (commonbunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as e.g. T. tritici(syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa(dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhulaincarnata(grey snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., e.g.U. occulta (stem smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetables, such as beans (e.g. U.appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (e.g. U. betae); Ustilago spp. (loose smut) oncereals (e.g. U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (e.g. U. maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Venturia spp.(scab) on apples (e.g. V. inaequalis) and pears; and Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, such asfruits and ornamentals, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e.g. V. dahliaeonstrawberries,rape, potatoes and tomatoes. In yet another embodiment, the combination or the composition of the present invention is effective for management of fungi or pests selected from one or more of. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e.g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e.g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries; leguminous plants, such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoabeans, castor oil plants, oil palms, ground nuts or soybeans; cucurbits, such as squashes, cucumber or melons; fiber plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceous plants, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, such as corn, soybean, rape, sugar cane or oil palm; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; sweet leaf (also called Stevia); natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants, such as flowers, shrubs, broadleaved trees or evergreens, e.g. conifers; and on the plant propagation material, such as seeds, and the crop material of these plants. In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination or composition comprising of Fluopyram, Difenoconazole, and Ziram to control the pathogenic microorganism on economically important crops such as rice, chilli, apple, peppers, soybean, cotton, chick pea, pigeon pea, Grapes, Apple and pomegranate, tea, potato, and tomato. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a combination / composition that shows enhanced action against undesired pathogenic microorganisms, in comparison to the control rates that are possible with the individual compounds and / or suitable for improving the health of plants when applied to plants, parts of plants, plant propagation materials, or at their locus of their growth. Examples: The examples below are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Example 1: Preparation of Fungicidal composition as Suspension concentrates (SC): In an embodiment, the chemical composition of the present Fungicidal is depicted below in Table 1:

[0002] S 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.NO D X B S n A C A ManePZiD F nr il ontot inwrgi luthzopox- lopolo amre fenop a uistemoyaniox xdn4ly 4io y rGthlene i8 m 9acuia ePc9 1tencoramoc4er3ivtn aIng mzo Glly o--su- eizoactreinlycal p M A nkorf lcgeiavd -3 oylyixac -t ryred cteiienol lnem nteuranli ieiv ngtse eo reot cg ne rex idf r tadftienetm Q 1 1 2 % . 0 0 6 1 2 4 0 0 0wEakst.2.1.0.0.0.0.5.5.5geo5 5 5 5 5 / w 1makQ 0 0 6 1 1 1 % 1 Ee .s .2.1.0.02 .04 . 0 . 0 . 5wg10to5 50 5555.0 / w 20 makQ % 0 0 Ee .s .2.16 . 1 . 2 . 4 2 . 0 5 20wg10to5 50 0 0 0.0.0.0 / w 30 m Q % 0 0 6 1 2 4 5 1k0 1 Ea .s .2.1. .0wgeto5 50 0.0.0.0.0.0 / w 4m Q % 0 0 6 1 2 4 5 2 1 Eak.s .2.1.0 5wgeto5 50.0.0.0.0.0.0 / w 5m Q % 0 0 6 1 2 4 5 1 Eak.s .2.1.5 5wgeto5 50.0.0.0.0.0.0 / w 6m Q % 0 0 6 1 2 4 5 1 5 Eak.s .2.1. .0wgeto5 50 0.0.0.0.0.0 / w 7m Q % 0 0k6 . 1 2 4 1 1 2 Ea .s .2.10 5 0wgeto5 50.0.0.0.0.0.0 / w 8m Q % 0 0 6 1 2 4 1 1 Eak.s .2.1.0 5 0wgeto5 50.0.0.0.0.0.0 / w 9m Q % 0 0 Ek6 .01 .02 .04 1a .s .2.1.08 .00 5 .wgeto5 5.0 0 / w 10 Tab Sl1re20 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.No:.A A tlotlox x 448 9 S il9 13 o 4 B e x- -AXnz Parn Moce ix ryD DanisopPtuli ifFInMththy ore cgZenlug w umi lazenly or io opreoe alkf aftramcoydateGruli Gnynn oCa raienm -3lylenn ozo mts-ocoeo-iopln o lenlxyeidicm ecoe-prsoulyrmfac etr anS t u spen Asin t W Doaa an ii ctctcCC T- spa h BfreDeti i tio tev v v% F u n riric io ee ken-czid i fn o inramgsienineineing g g gwnccet n regAreA Are re re / w iotrgerg e gdididi n a tennt enenet t tnetnet(SC ) MakQ 0 Q 0 0 1 1 2eS.2. .1 . 4 . 3 . 0 0 0 Aty10to51510000000.5.5.5.0 5 5 5(g) MakQ 0 QeS10to.20 0 1 4 3 1 5.15.10.00.00.00 1 0.05 2 .00 .0Bty.(0g) MakQ QeS 01.20 0 1 4 3 1 5 1ty0to5.15.10.00.00.00 0.0.00 .0C.(0g) Process for preparing Suspension concentrates (SC)formulation: 1) A required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer is taken in a mixing vessel, followed by the addition of gum powder. The mixture is homogenized with continuous stirring to obtain a gum solution. The gum solution is prepared 12– 18 hours prior to its intended use. 2) A required quantity of demineralized (DM) water is charged into a vessel, and wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent are added. The mixture is homogenized using a high-shear homogenizer for about 45–60 minutes to obtain a homogenized slurry. 3) The technical active ingredient(s) along with remaining adjuvants (excluding antifreeze and thickeners) are incorporated into the homogenized slurry and mixed to obtain a uniform slurry. 4) Half the quantity of the required antifoam agent is added to the slurry. The slurry is then subjected to particle size reduction using suitable milling equipment (e.g., Dyno-Mill) until the desired particle size is achieved. 5) The remaining half of the antifoam agent, along with the antifreeze agent, is added to the milled slurry. Subsequently, the gum solution prepared in step 1 is incorporated into the milled slurry to obtain the final suspension concentrate (SC) formulation. S 1 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3r. InE1 0 2 1N ax o . n am emp D P B S P P S B A T Z M o oroimr inDinF lublelyenlv oplyloloistirag rifeg r o o2wsa a zisenyalx ackiney med noedpy d:Ptcer c ohtahtClen ke yncl eos rya ierie -pallpcti ncoienraI imt ntm ng diaz- e repoIX G ne ot oh evne azoa rena ely olyfn oislicx mplnl ceti d-o vti ,tra3l id-oe eh g r oEspthr een hdace e tioh oiteivtschn n eax teyneola t etmfeiFcaun Q 0 0.1 %S.10 5 0 2 3 10 10 20 Elcg ito0.10 00.0.0.2.0.00 0 0 0 0.55.55.5 wgo5 / w 1mcidp a olQsCo 0 0 %itim.S.1.110 5 .00 .22 .03 .010 5 10wE gon pto00 00.00 0 0 0 0.0.0.0 / w 2 oo ftshitioQ 0 0.1S.1.10 5 . 0 . 2 . 3 . 8 1 %e0 5 Epn a to00 00.0 0 2 0 00 0 0 0 0.0.0.0 wg / w 3resseSnu s Qt0.S.10 10 5 0 2 3 10 1 %F po 0 1 E uEto0.10 00.0.00 0.20.00.00.55.55 5.0 wg n / w 4g m iciu dlasioQ 0 0 1 2 %ln.S.1.10 5 .t00 .22 .03 .00 5 20wE gis(So00 00.00 0 0 0 0.0.0.0 / w 5 de E p)ic :Q 0 0.1 % tS.1.10 5 . 0 2 3 12 12 1 Ee2dwgtbo00 00.0 0.2.0.00 0 0 0 0.0.0.0 / w 6eloQ w.Sito0 .10 .11 %n0 5 0 2 3 10 1 E 0 15Tm00 0.0.0.2.0.0 wg a 0 0 0 0 0.0.0.0 7ba0k / wle e3Q:.S0 %to.0 . 10 5 0 2 3 5 5 5 Em 101.0.2.0.0a0 00.00 0 0 0 0.0.0.0 wg / w 8keQ.Sto0m.10 0.11 % 0 5 0 2 3 1 0.0.00 8 1 E 5 0.20.00.0.0.0.0 wga0 0 0 0 / w 9keQ.Sto0 .10 .11 % 0 5 . 0 . 2 3 20 5 1 E 5wgm0 0.0 0 2.0.00 0 0 0 0.0.0.0 1a0 0 / w0ke Process for Preparation of Fungicidal Composition as Suspo Emulsion: 1) A required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer is charged into a mixing vessel. Gum powder is added to the mixture, and the contents are homogenized with stirring to form a gum solution. The gum solution is prepared 12–18 hours prior to use. 2) A required quantity of demineralized (DM) water is charged into a vessel. Wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agents are added and homogenized using a high-shear homogenizer for 60–90 minutes to obtain a homogenized slurry. 3) Technical active ingredient(s) and remaining adjuvants (excluding antifreeze and thickeners) are added to the homogenized slurry and mixed to obtain a uniform slurry. 4) Half of the required quantity of antifoam agent is added to the slurry. The slurry is then subjected to particle size reduction using equipment such as a Dyno- Mill until the desired particle size is achieved. 5) The remaining quantity of antifoam agent along with the antifreeze agent is added to the milled slurry. The gum solution prepared in step 1 is incorporated into this mixture to form the final Suspo-Emulsion (SE) formulation.

[0003] SInE 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1r.n axa o n m . emp C P A S b n S S Sleh o o o o ZinDinF b3inlymta lenapd d dirad m rc agifegluo Cimohd h tiuiuiu mred nredop d:Pl nha m m ma ieo cieyInimre ayethiulmenalk Laligct n o nirvtnaa tmg ren pa yeyun lezedtSS, rai usul ryo lolplfolSsiu n ogl ae ctivietn hti x h ul re ace tsec on anan teeatel ffo d tatn ea iteeiv hne eotmfiFcaun Q S 0 1 1 2 %lto.cg 1 5 0.04 0.51 0.04 0.02 0.00 0 0 0.55.55.5 wE goici5 / mdw 1p a olscitom 0 .15 0.04 0.51 %i0.04 2 10 5 10 Eon p 0.00.00.0.0.0 wg / w 2 oo fstit hioe n 0 .15 4 1 4 2 8 1 %p a0 5 Er s0.00.50.00.00.00.0.0.0 wge / w 3 s Wenet tta0 5 4 1 4 1 %Fu b 1 1l.10.00.50.00.02 0.00 0.0 5 5.55wE g ngep5.0 / w 4icio d w a d Q %l eS 0rt.15 .04 .51 .04 .02 .020 5 20 Eis (Wo0 0 0 0 0 0.0.0.0 wg / dw 5epP ) %icSt :Q 0 . 5 . 4 . 1 . 4 2 5 5 1 E 5wgedt1 0 5 0o0 0 0 0.00.00.0.0.0 / w 6 belQ owS %to0 . 5 . 4 . 1 4 2 5 1 E i 0 5wgnM 100050.00.00.00.0.0.0ak / Tw 7abe leQ4S %:to0 5 4 1 4 2 1 EM.10 15 20 0.00.50.00.00.00.0.0.0 wga / w 8keQ S %to0M.15 4 1 4 2 10 5 1 E 0 0.00.50.00.00.00.0.0.0 wgak / w 9eQ S %to0M.15 0.04 0.51 0.04 0.02 E 8 10 5 0.00.0. .0 wg 1a0k / w0e Process for Preparation of Fungicidal composition as Wettable powder (WP): 1) A required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, and technical active ingredient(s) is charged into a premixing blender. The contents are homogenized for a period of approximately 60 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material. 2) The pre-blended material obtained in step 1 is subjected to grinding using Jet Mill or Air Classifier Mills to achieve the desired fine particle size. 3) The milled material is subsequently blended in a post-blender for about 1.5 hours to ensure uniform distribution of all components, resulting in a homogeneous material. 4) The homogeneous material obtained is unloaded from the blender and analyzed to ensure compliance with required quality specifications.

[0004] Process for Preparation of Fungicidal composition as Wettable granule (WG): 1) A required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, adjuvants, and technical active ingredient(s) is charged into a premixing blender. The contents are homogenized for a period of about 30 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material. 2) The pre-blended material from step 1 is subjected to grinding using Jet Mill or Air Classifier Mills to reduce particle size, followed by further blending in a post-blender for approximately 1.5 hours to obtain a homogeneous mixture. 3) A required quantity of water is added to the homogeneous mixture to form a dough suitable for extrusion. 4) The prepared dough is passed through an extruder to obtain granules of the desired size. 5) The wet granules obtained are dried using a fluidized bed dryer and subsequently graded using vibrating screens to achieve uniform wettable granules. Example 5: Evaluation of Bio-efficacy & Phytotoxicity of Fungicidal Composition and thereof against Powdery Mildew & Anthracnose disease on Chilli crop. Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important spice cum vegetable crop of India and is widely grown on all parts of tropical and subtropical regions of India. It belongs to the family Solanaceae and Genus Capsicum. Chilli is attacked by several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases among them; anthracnose and powdery mildew are found to be the major diseases incurring heavy losses, The powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica (Lev.) is a major constraint in chilli production in India causing heavy yield loss ranging from 14 to 20%, due to severe defoliation and reduction in photosynthesis, size and number of fruits per plant. Also, the anthracnose of chilli caused by Colletotrichum capsici brings typical anthracnose symptoms on chilli leaf and fruit includes sunken necrotic tissues, with concentric rings of acervuline, which may cause yield losses of up to 50%. Both these diseases of chilli are devastating and prevalent in all chilli growing areas of country Various strategies have been suggested for the control of these diseases. However, chemical methods are the most efficient and economical way of controlling diseases all over the world. Keeping in view of the above reason management of powdery mildew and anthracnose of chilli has become an issue in present condition as it damages crops at peak harvesting period. Materials and Methods: The present experiment was carried out at the Vegetable Farm, Guntur during Rabi season 2024-25. The plants grown under standard cultural package of practices. The details of the materials used, experiment procedures followed, and techniques adopted during investigation are described briefly here below. Experimental Site: Guntur situated in tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons characterized by hot, humid conditions and is in the hot humid region of India. Lies between 16030´ North latitude and 80043´ East longitudes at an elevation of 33 m, above mean sea level. Soil Character and preparation: The soil of experimental field is sandy loam of average fertility with good drainage facilities. One deep ploughing was done with disc plough and subsequent light ploughings were done with cultivator followed by planking. Then the required area was selected, and 32 plots were prepared according to the layout plan. Experimental Materials: A very popular cultivar of chilli cv. “Kashi Anmol” was used for the present study. All the plots received uniform cultural operations throughout the experimental period and the entire experimental field was kept clean and well maintained. The quantity of fertilizers and manures were applied uniformly under all the treatments as per the RDF. Spraying The test chemicals were sprayed with the help of backpack knap sac sprayer with a hallow cone nozzle. The 1stspraying was done when the incidence of appeared. The subsequent spray was given at an interval of 15 days. Spraying was done at evening hour. A total of two sprays were given. Observations recorded: The observations on diseases have to be taken by taking out the percentage of plants infected with the disease in each plot of each treatment under different replications at morning hour. The per cent disease severity / index were then calculated as the summed value in each class and then taking out the mean value from the recorded data. In case of powdery mildew and Anthracnose, percent disease severity / index is commonly estimated visually based on the proportion of leaf area affected. The observations for efficacy evaluation are recorded for treatment no.1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8 and 10 only as per the objective of project. 1. Powdery mildew In case of Powdery Mildew disease severity classes was recorded based on 1-5 rating scales as described by Ullasaet al. (1981). Where, 1 = resistant, no symptoms R 2 = moderately resistant, with 10% of the leaf area affected MR 3 = moderately susceptible, with 11-20% of the leaf area affected MS 4 = susceptible, with 21-50% of the leaf area affected S 5 = highly susceptible, with 51% or more of the leaf area affected HS 2. Anthracnose In case of anthracnose disease severity classes were recorded by using 0-5 scale (Jeyalakshmi and Seetharaman, 1998) where 0- no disease, 1- up to 5%, 2- 5 to 10%, 3- 10 to 25 %, 4- 25 to 50 % and 5- above 50%. The percentage disease severity / index for powdery mildew and Anthracnose was calculated by using the following formula: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ (%) =^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ / ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ / ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ 100 ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ / ^^^^^^^^ℎ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^(%)=^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ 100 ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ / ^^^^^^^^ℎ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ In addition to disease severity index (DSI), data on per cent reduction / increase over control for each observation were also calculated for powdery mildew and anthracnose diseases after 15 days of 1stand 2ndspray. 3. Disease rating scale: Disease rating scale for Anthracnose disease of Chilli: Sno Rating Per cent fruit area covered (%) Scale 1 0 0 2 1 Slightly -10 3 3 11-25 % 4 5 26-50 % 5 7 51-75 % 6 9 >75 % 4. Yield Weight of chilli from each plot picking wise were recorded and expressed in kg for plot yield and converted into q / ha based on per unit area yield. Data on % increase in yield over control was also calculated. 5. Statistical analysis: The observations recorded during course of investigation were subjected to statistical analysis by adopting appropriate Model “Analysis of variance” according to the procedure described by Panse and Sukhatme, 1985. Critical difference (CD) within the treatment was calculated to compare the treatment at 5% level of significance. T D a T T T T T T N T bet121110 9 8 7 6T 5 T 4 T 3 T 2 T 1 T o .r.lea6il: soC Z F C D F F F F F F Ffolhl l l l l l trniruifu u u u u ulu etaro moplo eo o o o o o o rnp p p p p p patlm( 2yU7roamto hcy y y y y y y oramramramramramramraenn%atr3 lonma 12 2tseSa C 4 nzt.4ilo7ed84le .75% 020202010:% % 02%.5.5.5.5.05%w +5 D % 5% 5% 5%+C S%+ + + DheCE / wif+D D D DifcwCek / + ew(MTni i i ine ofefefefeo)+ bco nonononcoDariku c n o ac c c cn afoz eo ononononzonetn sa le a a a a lotazozozozozoeco nl12ln de e le le l5% T aazr1.5 1 1 1e1reod7 % 0 0 0 0+ a).7 +.5.5.5.5 Ztmle% 4 wZ5% 5% 5% 5%irae.0irm na + + + +tw / wS m Z Z Z 5ii iZ% / wC12rararaira SS.m m m mC C5%1 1 1 1S0 . 0 5.0 0 C5 5.5.5% 5% 5% 5% S CSCSCSC (1(.X25DXo Dse)o se)1 13 4 26 20 1 g--05 7 4 . 4 2 060 5 1 0 8 56 1 0 00 6. . .00a092 2 .5.5 312519.i.D o saF g 3 4 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 6 5 3 50(moe / h5 0 0 25 5 0 0 2 0 7 0rma -- 00m0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5mlou m 0 ll / m g m m g g gh mr laal l / hal / hl / ah / h / a ah / ahla / hag)tion o f dsb T tepprdshoneh a T eq hbaue ene y.ayothue seadefwpimp ip pmlduaeninsWsa ltdse omigeda i rsa tlint tce&se fte b cofd nitesspra na o 5 r ren n 0V t gdis tevtrro iou tusn0he dth Loe ivsepasedaylun m msb d se / .p hlumf eir nrea,raa sh ao e n e r asi yzea est t 15y nttu doodheldf T re T T T T T Ta87 6 5 4 3 2T 1 TtmT e a n b tle7staD 17 F 1 F 1 F 1 F D:l2l0l (10 10 F 10 F 5% FEnif .u.u.u.2. luolululufde 7o5o5o5os .5o.5o+ofeano %p %p 5 5 %pX5pe)5p 5p pcrd) cowy n / wra+y mZry % am +ry % am D +ry %yZytam +ram +ramiraraomfaS1iZoZ Z Z m FzoC7ra 2i2se i20i2i2 51lule2(M.7 m5ra0)rara0ra0 %1%m.5 m.5 m.5 m.5%0% T r op 5%a2+ 15%15%15%15%S +eay r+rk T.5 D0 ee+0+0+0 + CDtm am b %i .f55.55.55.55if enEteC stuS n%DacCoSi%D%D%D efne Sifeifeifeot+sDn od ncoCno Cn So Cn SCncoife(Maradzn oazcoco no(nXco ocnon anzo ark) leole az a anocoeoz z a len tloeloze loa ele zole6 2 2 1+2 .52 5 41 6 0 aZg 0 0 8 56 1 / h0 00 6 0..5.3i.ira1.25.10gm a 9 D o sSe C / 25 5 10 10 6 5 3 5H o0(gF a n 0 5 0 0 2 0 7 0 o m 0 0 0 5 0 5or efflg m m g g g mrm i / h / h / / / lmucaaa l / hl / ah haahaha / hal)l. cyevs P a 2 .5-82 -82 .-82 .-82 .-82 .-82 .-92 .plu2.32.1.4 18 8.5 2 24 1.64.1 08 3.6 27 8.1 54 3rara ye-tion 4 . 1 3 9 2 9 2o00.9 2 9 2 1 2.2.5.0.4.5.7. .0 3 . 12 4 . 5 n 3.4- 8 3 - 8 1 - 6 4 - 574 -87.8-54.5-71 Dpa o y w 4 .4-13 1- - - -SsP d 8.3.8 92 3.3.6 92 .5 92 .8 92 .9-14 1.1-15 3.71 paoer5 5.12 2.66 3.86 4.89.98 0raftwyyerd Femr5yil6-14 -9-13 -13 - 3 - 4 - 7ird. 2 3. .42 0 4.0.5.10 5.2 10 7.4 12 2.7 15 3.51 s 1 5t Mew19.2.4.6.6.9ild dewi%se4 -45 -67 -5-56 - 6 - 5 - D @P a6 .09 7 ..40 6 5. .06 6 2.9 5 85.65 74.27 43.61 2 A 8 Y1 Re sres 2239366.8.93 5.05 1.65 5.93 S5Oc oCenftcD h6 -.4 1- 2 493 -13 - 1 0.13 - 0.2 13 - 0.3 14 - 2.17 D . 5 ai iselli.1. .4.96.2 11.33.69.4 65 5.9 47 y saasef6 -14 -13 -13 -13 -13 -15 -18 1sptIenr d .32.50 1.00 4.20 6 0 9.5.06 9.4r e2.48.9.5. .4.5 3 8.3 0a tyh xeS(P7 .2-12 4 -92 6.7.8.7.8-10 3 -13 .-13 -15 -10eD 1 1coI) 6 8.5.30 .7 45 1.63 5.4.39 4.3.95 n 1 d D % 58 -57 -68 -68 -68 -6- 6 -33 @ .28 2 3.3.36 3 . 4 1 . 3 0 2 756 9 7 7 AR3 8.6 49 3.1 05 1.6.12 5.79.21.48.5.2Y16 3 S5O C obsspO P R D * 1 T T 1 1 TT9erra b oweA T s210F hv yseerduSedstw a vl= figga etirt:D oyau yrR sesC S iesD E C Z F oi sr lutaD C i he eek,dnMaftntum nahl (5±trmonfp denlorbi soilderfe ts%ol( 2yar oo7rdcothyffen r tew irs pt)Uam)nasaren%3alow een heD p neDra thtrS4zon ikce i e ea C t.4le l4. sai s y,se( mseea DiM8%40 s AsSadreC.0.0hark SCw% oaseeSS=arce e / w wngSet evDsckti rve ay) st S / wsn aetnC+r d ( ate rmri it tafyyta(enar Mrsf do) arke% senIn cormeettsd)nddwexsvpal1 er( eDrauy,e1 s 3 ,nS ID R-- -- -- --05 7 4 0.940 A O 2 o)T C noS = -sigf= p D R ayed3 4 1 n o i wsu ficda cf ti5 0 o 0 0 0 n-- -- -- --0m00 aeryter mt Ol / h mn hi v el a lt.mHrdrsCoild po we ran yt0 0 r S.5.1-82 .9.4-92 .3.6-8.72 -.92 .1.5ew o4 8 2 635 vdl4 7 2 8 eru ,a ri 0 01 51 S sng.56.13 9.4-.31 4 7.8-.111 4 8.9-.1 3 2 0 6.6-.38 tht ehe 0 0 8 S. . -1. -14 .-15 -14 se2 8a127 752 2.4 61 3.01 3.6.07 s 0 o 24 n – 0 0 -110 -16 -16 -16 p 2 ro5 S.78.28 4 7.8.43.3.14 3.6.34 9.4.21 gsr eeasss oen -34 - 3 - d -- -- -- -- 9 13. 8 834 9 0 9.2. .7. .4,ar3 345 348 6 aesi pgrnes 1 0 S -.i0.3 21 0 2 -15 -.8 16 - 5.7 14 2.fe4 5.8.64 8.6.59 in21 4cate ndtii nn0 7 0 S T.4.2-21- -3 5 5.2.145 6 9.1.17 -14 8 5 .8.42 .8.87 cre abasele0 0 7 S.6-21 -17 - 8 5 i.8.24 7 3.6.35.5 16 8.92.5.1-12 3.06 nADStth-45 -45 -57 Iwep-- -- -- -- 8 6 .8.76 3 7 0 3.8.28.3.8a 7 6 2 9 sre- The lowest DSI was recorded in T4 – Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 625 g / ha at all observation stages: • After 1st spray – 2.75, 2.83, and 3.27% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. • After 2nd spray – 3.23, 3.40, and 3.45% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. The next best treatment was T3 – Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 500 g / ha, with: • After 1st spray – 2.87, 2.94, and 3.42% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. • After 2nd spray – 3.39, 3.55, and 3.65% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. At all stages of observation, treatments T3 and T4 were statistically at par and significantly superior to all other treatments tested. The highest DSI was recorded in T10 – Control (untreated check): • After 1st spray – 5.37, 8.52, and 10.43% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. • After 2nd spray – 12.62, 15.49, and 17.38% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. Percentage Reduction Over Control As shown in Table 2, the maximum percentage reduction in powdery mildew severity over control after 15 days of spraying was recorded in: • T4 – 68.65% (1st spray) and 80.15% (2nd spray). • T3 – 67.21% (1st spray) and 79.00% (2nd spray). Both T3 and T4 were statistically at par and significantly more effective than all other treatments tested. 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At the pre-spray stage, differences among treatments were non-significant. However, as the season progressed, a significant increase in DSI was observed across treatments week by week. The lowest DSI was recorded in T4 – Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 625 g / ha at all observation stages: • After 1st spray – 2.55, 2.67, and 2.83% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. • After 2nd spray – 3.44, 3.68, and 3.75% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. The next best performance was noted in T3 – Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 500 g / ha, with DSI values of: • After 1st spray – 2.49, 2.76, and 2.95% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. • After 2nd spray – 3.64, 3.85, and 4.05% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. Throughout all stages, treatments T3 and T4 were statistically at par with each other and significantly superior to the remaining treatments. The highest DSI was observed in T10 – Control (untreated check), recording: • After 1st spray – 6.00, 7.19, and 8.98% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. • After 2nd spray – 11.20, 13.23, and 18.19% at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. Percentage Reduction Over Control During the 2024–25 season (Table 7), the maximum percentage reduction in anthracnose severity over control after 15 days of spraying was observed in:•T4 – 68.48% (1st spray) and 79.38% (2nd spray). • T3 – 67.14% (1st spray) and 77.73% (2nd spray). Both treatments were statistically at par and substantially more effective than the other treatments tested.

[0005] ST 3 2 1 n a o . b leC U S Z9o Cen nt t ira 1D 20 F SC ZeD 20 F A.rorem0ife.5luoira 10ife.5luo T nEvlate 1.5 n5pm5o%y1.5 n5pr5o%yeathd0%c ra .ora %cor tm alu5 ++nm0 .5n+amc a 5%az +o5%azennotiololt sen d - 1 2io4sef- 6 0t.58(.ga 3) .i.a Dsheeoo P1 5s0 0 Fe / fChy --a0 0h0(go a htoggrmi / h / h) la . lito.x ic0 0 0 1ityE0 0 0 3 Y spD ael ffe0 0 0 5rayloc s w yt0 7in agf in o0 0te g r%fF0 0 0 1lu0 opy 0 0 0 1ram 0 0 0 3 S spD atu +0 0 0 5ray nDysatin0 0 0 7ingftgifeer % no 0 0 0 1c0ona 0 0 0 1zol 0 0 0 3spD Neae+0 0 0 5raycrZysoin aif sira0 0 0 7 gters%m 0 0 0 1S0 C 0 0 0 1aga 0 0 0 3 spD Eina ps0 0 0 5rayisntaPyaso ityw 0 0 0 7ngfter %d e 0 0 1 r 0 0yM0 0 0 1ild0 0 0 3 D Hewspa y y pa0 0 0 5rayso a n nd f a 0 0 0 7insgtetrys %0 0 0 10 5 T T T T T T T T T T N T TinAt10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 o af rT R e. r. b laheealltetmesu1 t0hre fsir ylsenmts:F S C D F 1 F 1 F 1 F 1 F 1lu:ttp C F F T h 2 0 0 0 0 oploifEtelu.5lu.5lu.5lu.5lu.5lulurerfea spsT3tomyro no o p %op 5op 5op 5op 5op opatramtmfhecyc tmra ,aorSy % r y %y %y %y ysSr r r r r eteny,Ta5o3 lao nmCamCam SCam SCam SCamam n oftsta fp4 na.4i zo172 2 2 2 1t.F . 1 n725 0 0 0 0 0l8l4le%.5.5.5.5%ust,d T hy% 02% 5 5% 5 5% 5+op3r 10to.0%w% %dtoS+ %+ Dy, axCE / wwC+D+ + +D Dif ra 5t1ic / wTiD Dfeeifnmtheifeifeifeo+, st, ity+eb nu on n n nco 7Dcocoo nco o o nDth 3ococ c a rd vizifn nonoz ie nfa aza a an aolenan,d5.t,h yn zoo ozo zozo zoecol le e l5o1, ee le le le%co07llon111 1 1 1 +nththw a 7 2 zo.7.50 %.50 0 5.5.50Za 5.5zdoayanind g l % e w % 5% % 5%iramle s1,4 .0 / w++ + + +Z Z Z Z 5 + oZf0ssth tun wSZ % iipa ti / wCramiramiraimramiram SCrarm ayftie nn rg 1,n13 2 2 1 a DSC g 7 4 g 62 5 4 6 0 5 1.i.o,thstsecr.940 / h2 2a .500 0 1 0 6 0 .5.38 1.26 5.100gseo9 / Hnepyros ayiele alyils, oin em Fdl) o r ( w gpqinanina 4 1 1m / hg dst0 1 25 5 0 0 6 5 3 50 u a, ary0 0m0 0 50 00 00 25 00 75 0la0m m m mt ) stio u ea np nl / h mlg / a lh / ghl / l / g gh / h / hl / oaah / hnfctinred shahaa a a a (hgilgeli,n nyp o r.e tecdon r (oi q C 2 / hh 0snastita yi 2s,e b w14 1 1 1 al4le a3 5.72 47 5 1 4 6 1 1 1 1 1li- 8 66 6 63 50 37)2 p5in 8so1.51.16.71.15.95 4.8.51.47.4f 1 Yasob itseyrldanseaervdsedcoPh on netryap2s roco 02plen 4ena1 1 1 1 2 2t sty-2r5th0 6 2 2 2 1 5i . e.02.76.68 6.48 4.77 6 3.8.95 3.15 8.1.1 n w9 9 c reaaos b js eeobctiosvve eervred innt ilhe Results: The fruit yield data for the 2024–25 season are presented in Table 10. Significant differences in yield (q / ha) were observed among the treatments. The highest yield was recorded in T4 – Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 625 g / ha with 165.80 q / ha, followed by T3 – Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 500 g / ha with *163.51 q / ha. The lowest yield (130.62 q / ha) was obtained in T10 – Control (untreated check). Treatments T3 and T4 were statistically at par. Percentage increase in yield over control As shown in Table 5, the maximum percentage increase in yield over control was observed in T4 (26.93%), followed by T3 (25.18%) during the 2024–25 season. Summary and Conclusion The present investigation entitled “Bio-efficacy of Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC to control Powdery Mildew & Anthracnose disease and phytotoxicity in Chili” was conducted at Guntur during the Rabi season. The study comprised nine treatments (including control) arranged in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The key findings are as follows: 1. The minimum Disease Severity Index (DSI) for both powdery mildew and anthracnose during both seasons was recorded in treatment T4 – Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 625 g / ha, followed by T3 – Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 500 g / ha. Treatments T3 and T4 were statistically at par. 2. No phytotoxicity symptoms (yellowing, stunting, necrosis, epinasty, or hyponasty) were observed after the first spray at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days. 3. Significantly higher yield (q / ha) was obtained in T4, followed by T3. The yield differences between T3 and T4 were statistically non-significant during the 2024–25 season. Conclusion: Powdery mildew and anthracnose incidence was observed in all treatments. The lowest incidence and highest yield were obtained with T4 (Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 625 g / ha), followed by T3 (500 g / ha). Both treatments were equally effective in disease control and yield improvement. The results indicate that the most effective doses for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose in chilli are: • Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 625 g / ha • Fluopyram 20.55% + Difenoconazole 10.55% + Ziram 10.55% SC @ 500 g / ha From the present study, it can be concluded that spraying either of the above doses can significantly reduce disease incidence and increase yield, thereby providing higher economic returns per unit area in chilli cultivation.

Claims

We claim:

1. A fungicidal composition comprising a synergistic combination of- a. Fluopyram is present in an amount of 5% to 20.55% by weight; b. Difenoconazole is present in an amount of 5% to 15% by weight; c. Ziram is present in an amount of 5% to 20% by weight, and d. Agrochemical acceptable excipient.

2. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein Fluopyram is present in an amount of 20.55% w / w, Difenoconazole is present in an amount of 10.55% w / w, and Ziram is present in an amount of 10.55% w / w.

3. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agrochemically acceptable excipient is dispersant / dispersing agents, carriers, thickeners / binders, Biocides, wetting agents, antifreeze agents, antifoaming agents, and solvents.

4. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation is selected from Suspension concentrate (SC), Wettable Powder (WP), Wettable granules (WG), and suspo-emulsion (SE).

5. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the WG comprises at least a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 2-6%w / w, at least an anti-freezing agent in an amount up to 3-10%w / w, at least a wetting agent in an amount in the range of 1-4%w / w, at least an anti-foaming agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-10%w / w, and a filler up to 95%w / w.

6. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 5, comprising Sodium Polycarboxylate of 3%, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate of 4 %, Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend of 1%, Polydimethyl Siloxan of 0.1%, China Clay make up to 100%w / w7. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the WP comprises at least a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 2-6%w / w, at least a wetting agent in an amount in the range of 1-4%w / w, at least an anti-foaming agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-10%w / w, at least an anti-freezing agent in an amount up to 3- 10%w / w, at least a thickening agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-50%w / w and a filler up to 95%w / w.

8. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 7 comprising Sodium ligno sulfonate of 2%, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate of 4 %, Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend of 1%, Starch of 4.5%, Ammonium Sulphate of 5%, Polydimethyl Siloxan of 0.1%, China Clay make up to 100%w / w.

9. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the SE comprises at least a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 2-6%w / w, at least a wetting agent in an amount in the range of 1-4%w / w, at least an anti-foaming agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-10%w / w, at least an anti-freezing agent in an amount up to 3- 10%w / w, at least Biocide agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-1.0%w / w, at least a thickening agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-50%w / w and a solvent up to 95%w / w.

10. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 9 comprising Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine salt of phosphate of 3%, Block co-polymer of 2 %, Siloxane Polyalkyleneoxide of 0.20%, Propylene Glycol of 5%, Solvent C-IX of 10%, Benzisothiazolin-3-one of 0.1%, Polysaccharides of 0.1%, Distilled water make up to 100%w / w.

11. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the SC comprises at least a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 2-6%w / w, at least a wetting agentin an amount in the range of 1-4%w / w, at least an anti-foaming agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-10%w / w, at least an anti-freezing agent in an amount up to 3- 10%w / w, at least Biocide agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-1.0%w / w, at least a thickening agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-50%w / w and a solvent up to 95%w / w.

12. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 11 comprising Acrylic graft Copolymer surfactant of 3%, Mixture of non-ionic co-polymer of 4 %, Siloxane Polyalkyleneoxide of 1%, Propylene Glycol of 0.10%, Benzisothiazolin-3-one of 15%, Xanthum Gum of 0.25%, Distilled water make up to 100%w / w.