Insecticide composition and use thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of disinsection, particularly to an insecticidal composition for disinsection of a space, for example the interior space of an aircraft. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to an insecticidal composition for disinsection of a space wherein the insect is resistant to an insecticide, such as a pyrethroid resistant mosquito.

Description

"Insecticide composition and use thereof"Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of disinsection, particularly to an insecticidal composition for disinsection of a space, for example the interior space of an aircraft. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to an insecticidal composition for disinsection of a space wherein the insect is resistant to an insecticide, such as a pyrethroid resistant mosquito.Background

[0002] The transmission of diseases through insects is a significant problem in the field of aircraft biosecurity. Mosquitoes and other insects carrying dangerous diseases often become stowaways on transports including in aircraft, leading to the spread of diseases and posing major risks to human health. Many diseases are transmitted across both domestic and international borders from such insect vectors. It is therefore important to neutralise insects such as mosquitoes that may find their way onto an aircraft to limit or eliminate the spread of disease.

[0003] Disinsection is the procedure of neutralising insects for the control of insect vectors of human diseases commonly found in enclosed spaces, such as an aircraft. Disinsection often uses insecticide or other chemicals to exterminate disease-carrying vermin from these spaces. It is a tested and effective method of controlling the spread of disease through insects. It is commonplace that all incoming aircraft be treated with disinsection of some form to prevent biohazards and security risks.

[0004] An additional challenge is the development of resistance in insects to insecticides. For example, permethrin-resistant mosquitoes have emerged as a consequence of prolonged exposure to insecticides containing permethrin, a widely used synthetic pyrethroid. These resistant mosquitoes exhibit genetic adaptations that enable them to survive contact with permethrin, rendering traditional mosquito control efforts less effective. This resistance poses a serious threat to public health as mosquitoes are primary vectors for diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus. The continued spread of permethrin-resistant mosquitoes underscores the importance of developing alternative mosquito control methods, such as the explorationof new insecticides, genetic modification, and the promotion of integrated vector management strategies to mitigate the impact on disease transmission and protect global health. It is therefore important to develop insecticide compositions that maintain and / or enhance the efficacy of an insecticide, such as permethrin, in the presence of insecticide resistant insects (such as permethrin resistant mosquitoes) while maintaining safety and regulatory acceptance within the aviation industry.

[0005] Furthermore, more regular cleaning and disinfection has become standard practice of every industry globally, and will remain highly relevant with the potential for increased use of disinfectant regimes and technologies after the COVID-19 pandemic to eliminate or reduce the presence of pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate surfaces. It is therefore critical to develop insecticide compositions that maintain efficacy in the presence of these treatments while maintaining safety and regulatory acceptance within the aviation industry.

[0006] There is a need for an improved insecticidal composition which addresses the challenge posed by insecticide resistant insects, such as permethrin-resistant mosquitoes. There is also a need for an improved disinsection process of a space. For example, there is a need for an improved insecticide composition for disinsection of the interior space of an aircraft.

[0007] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present disclosure as it existed before the priority date of each of the appended claims.Summary

[0008] The present inventors have undertaken significant research into identifying and developing an insecticide composition that provides effective disinsection of a space. They have surprisingly found that a specific combination of active ingredients; synergists; non-polar and polar solvents; and surfactants provide an insecticide composition that is effective against permethrin-resistant mosquitoes. In one embodiment, the insecticide composition is a residual composition. In anotherembodiment, the insecticide composition is a space spray composition. In one embodiment, the insecticide composition provides effective disinsection of the interior of an aircraft.

[0009] In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an insecticidal composition comprising:an insecticide;a synergist;a non-polar solvent;a polar solvent; anda surfactant.

[0010] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition further comprises a coupling agent.

[0011] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition further comprises a diluent.

[0012] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition further comprises a pH stabiliser.

[0013] In some embodiments, in the insecticidal composition described herein, the insecticide is selected from pyrethrins, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and combinations thereof.

[0014] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of applying an active ingredient to at least one surface of a space comprising:dispersing the insecticide composition as described herein in an amount effective to deposit an insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient on at least a portion of the at least one surface.

[0015] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of controlling a pest in a space comprising:dispersing the insecticide composition as described herein in an amount effective to deposit an insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient on at least a portion of at least one surface of the space.

[0016] In an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided use of the insecticidal composition as described herein to deposit an active ingredient onto a surface.

[0017] In an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided that use of the insecticidal composition as described herein to control a pest.Brief description of drawings

[0018] Whilst it will be appreciated that a variety of embodiments disclosed herein may be utilised, described herein are a number of examples with reference to the following drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 shows the knock down percentage (left) and mortality percentage (right) at various time points (0 to 24h) after application of compositions la and lb to a surface.

[0020] Figure 2 shows (left) the knock down percentage 1 hour after application of the compositions 2a-2c to a surface and (right) mortality percentage 24 hours after application of the composition to a surface.

[0021] Figure 3 shows the knock down percentage for pyrethroid resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes 1 hour after exposure to a surface treated with composition 4a (left) and 4b (right) at various time points post treatment of the surface.

[0022] Figure 4 shows the mortality percentage for pyrethroid resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes 24 hours after exposure to a surface treated with composition 4a (left) and 4b (right) at various time points post treatment of the surface.

[0023] Figure 5 shows the knock down percentage for pyrethroid resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes 1 hour after exposure in WHO cones and the mortality percentage for pyrethroid resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes 24 hours after exposure in WHO cones to surfaces treated with composition SI and S2 at various time points after application of the composition to the surface.Description of Embodiments

[0024] In the following description, it is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0025] With regards to the definitions provided herein, unless stated otherwise, or implicit from context, the defined terms and phrases include the provided meanings. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, or apparent from context, the terms and phrases below do not exclude the meaning that the term or phrase has acquired by a person skilled in the relevant art. The definitions are provided to aid in describing particular embodiments, and are not intended to limit the claimed invention, because the scope of the invention is limited only by the claims. Furthermore, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular.

[0026] All publications discussed and / or referenced herein are incorporated herein in their entirety.

[0027] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present disclosure as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application.

[0028] Throughout this disclosure, unless specifically stated otherwise or the context requires otherwise, reference to a single step, composition of matter, group of steps or group of compositions of matter shall be taken to encompass one and a plurality (i.e., one or more) of those steps, compositions of matter, groups of steps or groups of compositions of matter. Thus, as used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural aspects unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference to “a” includes a single as well as two or more; reference to “an” includes a single as well as two or more; reference to “the” includes a single as well as two or more and so forth.

[0029] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure herein is susceptible to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be understood that the disclosure includes all such variations and modifications. The disclosure also includes all of the examples, steps, features, methods, compositions,coatings, processes, and coated substrates, referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or collectively, and any and all combinations or any two or more of said steps or features.

[0030] The term “and / or”, e.g., “X and / or Y” shall be understood to mean either “X and Y” or “X or Y” and shall be taken to provide explicit support for both meanings or for either meaning.

[0031] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of’, when used with a list of items, means different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used and only one of the items in the list may be needed. The item may be a particular object, thing, or category. In other words, “at least one of’ means any combination of items or number of items may be used from the list, but not all of the items in the list may be required. For example and without limitation, “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” may mean item A; item B; item C; item A and item B; item A and item C; item B and item C; item A, item B, and item C. In some cases, “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” may mean, for example and without limitation, two of item A, one of item B, and ten of item C; four of item B and seven of item C; or some other suitable combination.

[0032] As used herein, the term “about”, unless stated to the contrary, typically refers to + / - 10%, for example + / - 5%, of the designated value.

[0033] It is to be appreciated that certain features that are, for clarity, described herein in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any subcombination.

[0034] Throughout the present specification, various aspects and components of the invention can be presented in a range format. The range format is included for convenience and should not be interpreted as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible sub-ranges as well as individual numerical values within that range, unless specifically indicated. For example, description of a rangesuch as from 1 to 5 should be considered to have specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 5, from 3 to 5 etc., as well as individual and partial numbers within the recited range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5 or 5, unless where integers are required or implicit from context. This applies regardless of the breadth of the disclosed range. Where specific values are required, these will be indicated in the specification.

[0035] Throughout this specification the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps. The phrase “consisting of’ means the enumerated elements and no others.

[0036] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and / or modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, without departing from the broad general scope of the present disclosure. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.Specific terms"Controlling", "controlled" and "control"

[0037] The terms “controlling”, “controlled” and “control” as used herein are meant to include any insecticidal (killing) or insectistatic (inhibiting, maming or generally interferring) activities of the active ingredient against a given insect at any stage in its life cycle. Thus, these terms not only include killing, but also include such activities as the production of behavioural abnormalities (e.g. tremor, uncoordination, hyperactivity, anorexia) which interfere with such activities such as but not limited to eating, breeding, or mobility.“Efficacy ”

[0038] The term “efficacy” means the quantification to a measurable level of the insecticidal efficacy of the insecticide at a period of time after use.“Residual insecticide ”

[0039] The term “residual insecticide” means an insecticide that remains active on a surface for an extended period of time after application to said surface.“Residual efficacy ”

[0040] The term “residual efficacy” means the quantification to a measurable level of the insecticidal efficacy of the insecticide on a surface at a period of time after deposition on said surface.Mechanical and non-mechanical break up actuators

[0041] A mechanical breakup actuator is an actuator that utilises one or more moving components to physically disrupt or agitate a fluid stream, thereby producing an aerosol spray. Non limiting examples include rotating elements, vibrating meshes, or oscillating parts that mechanically break up the liquid. Such mechanical breakup actuators are well known to a person skilled in the art of aerosol delivery systems.

[0042] A non-mechanical breakup actuator is an actuator that relies solely on fluid dynamics and internal geometry, without any moving parts, to disperse a liquid into an aerosol spray. This includes, but is not limited to, configurations such as swirl chambers, orifice plates, and pressure-based flow channels that induce atomization through controlled flow patterns. Such non-mechanical breakup actuators are also well known to a person skilled in the art.Insecticidal Composition

[0043] In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an insecticidal composition comprising:an active ingredient;a synergist;a non-polar solvent;a polar solvent; anda surfactant.

[0044] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition further comprises a coupling agent.

[0045] After extensive research and development, the inventors of the present disclosure have surprisingly discovered a composition of the present disclosure that may provide one or more of the following advantages: enhanced efficacy with reduced amounts of active ingredient, leading to an overall reduction in the toxicological load; enhanced efficacy against pyrethroid resistant mosquito populations; compatibility with aircraft-approved ingredients commonly found in cleaners and disinfectants; cost efficiency and regulatory acceptance by reducing the active ingredient content.

[0046] The combination of pyrethroids with carefully selected synergists, surfactants, and solvents provides the composition disclosed herein. Without being bound by theory, the inventors believe that these components act in concert to increase the contact toxicity of pyrethroids against resistant mosquitoes. In one embodiment, the synergistic interactions between the constituents enhance and amplify the efficacy of the insecticide, leading to higher mortality rates among resistant mosquito strains. This approach enables the reduction of the active content of pyrethroids while achieving heightened efficacy, thereby enhancing the toxicological profile and compliance with aviation industry standards.Active ingredient

[0047] In some embodiments, the active ingredient is an insecticide. The person skilled in the art would appreciate that the insecticide may be selected based on the insect to be targeted by the formulation. In some embodiments, the insecticide is effective at controlling mosquitoes. In some embodiments, the insecticide is selected from pyrethrins, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the insecticide is a pyrethroid. In some embodiments, the insecticide is selected from allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, etofenprox, lamda-cyhalothrin, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the insecticide is selected from permethrin, deltamethrin, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the insecticide is permethrin. In some embodiments, the insecticide is deltamethrin.

[0048] The active ingredient in the composition may be provided may be provided in an amount effective to achieve the desired level of control of the pest. In someembodiments, the active ingredient may be provided in an amount effective to achieve a required mortality rate. For example, the active ingredient may be provided in an amount effective to achieve at least an 80% mortality rate for mosquitos seven days after application of the formulation to a surface.Synergist

[0049] The person skilled in the art would appreciate that a synergist, in the context of insecticides, is a substance that enhances the effectiveness of the active ingredient, for example an insecticide. Synergists work by increasing the toxicity or potency of the active ingredient and may reduce the amount of active ingredient required to achieve the desired level of control of the pest relative to a formulation that does not comprise a synergist. In the context of insecticides, the synergist may not possess any insecticidal properties in isolation but may contribute to the overall efficacy of the insecticide. Alternative, the synergist may possess some insecticidal properties in isolation.

[0050] The composition disclosed herein comprises a synergist. In some embodiments, the synergist is selected from piperonyl butoxide (PBO), n-octyl bicycloheptane dicarboximide (MGK-264), S.S.S-tributlyphosphorotrithioate (DEF), ethacrynic acid (EA) and diethyl maleate (DM), and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the synergist is selected from piperonyl butoxide (PBO), n-octyl bicycloheptane dicarboximide (MGK-264), and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the synergist is piperonyl butoxide.

[0051] In some embodiments, the formulation disclosed herein is a synergistic formulation.Non-polar solvent

[0052] The person skilled in the art would appreciate that the non-polar solvent may be selected based on compatibility with other components of the formulation, for example the polar solvent. In some embodiments, the non-polar solvent is a hydrocarbon solvent. In some embodiments, hydrocarbon solvent is selected from aliphatic compounds, alicyclic compounds, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon solvent is saturated. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon solvent is a dearomatized hydrocarbon solvent. In some embodiments, thehydrocarbon solvent is selected from alkanes (paraffins, iso-paraffins such as C13-14 isoparraffins), cycloalkanes (cycloparaffins, naphthenes), polycyclic aliphatic compounds (saturated), and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon solvent is selected from C8-C20 linear alkanes, C8-C20 branched alkanes, C8-C20 cyclic alkanes, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the non-polar solvent is selected from dearomatized hydrocarbon solvents (such as Exxsol D60, Exxsol D80, Exxsol DI 10), synthetic isoparaffin solvents (such as, Isopar L, Isopar M, Isopar P), and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the non-polar solvent is selected from dearomatized hydrocarbon solvents, synthetic isoparaffin solvents, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the non-polar solvent is selected from dearomatized hydrocarbon solvents. In some embodiments, the non-polar solvent is selected from synthetic isoparaffin solvents.Polar solvent

[0053] The person skilled in the art would appreciate that the polar solvent may be selected based on compatibility with the other components of the formulation, for example the non-polar solvent. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is an organic solvent. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is selected from esters (such as dibutyl adipate, diisopropyl adipate, diisobutyl adipate, diethylhexyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, caprylic / capric triglyceride), alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, etc.), glycols (such as propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, hexylene glycol). In some embodiments, the polar solvent is selected from dibutyl adipate, diisopropyl adipate, diisobutyl adipate, diethylhexyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is dibutyl adipate. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is hexylene glycol.Surfactant

[0054] In some embodiments, the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant. In some embodiments, the surfactant is an alcohol ethoxylate. In some embodiments, the surfactant is a fatty alcohol ethoxylate. In some embodiments, the surfactant is selected from lauryl alcohol ethoxylate, cetyl alcohol ethoxylate, stearyl alcohol ethoxylate, oleyl alcohol ethoxylate, behenyl alcohol ethoxylate, tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, tallowalcohol ethoxylate, coco alcohol ethoxylate, palm oil alcohol ethoxylate, glyceryl oleate ethoxylate, and combinations thereof.Coupling agent

[0055] In some embodiments, the coupling agent is selected from a silane coupling agent. In some embodiments, the coupling agent is selected from 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, 3-aminopropyltri ethoxy silane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methacryl oxypropyltrimethoxysilane,epoxy cy cl ohexylethyltrimethoxysilane, chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, octyltriethoxysilane, phenyltri ethoxy silane, acryl oxypropyltrimethoxy silane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, tetrakis(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, trimethoxyvinylsilane, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, trimethoxypropyl silane, triethoxy(octyl)silane, 3-methacryloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane, 3-(n-styrylmethyl-2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane, diethoxy(methyl)octylsilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine, trimethoxysilylpropanol, triethoxysilane, trimethoxysilylpropyldiethylenetriamine, triethoxyphenylsilane, n-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-[(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine, trimethoxy[3-(oxiranylmethoxy)propyl]silane, triethoxyisocyanatopropylsilane, triethoxyoctylsilane, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the coupling agent is selected from 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, 3-aminopropyltri ethoxy silane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the coupling agent is 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride.pH stabiliser

[0056] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a pH stabiliser. In some embodiments, the pH stabiliser is selected from disodium phosphate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, monosodium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium lactate,tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite, trisodium phosphate, glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid, tetrasodium salt including tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium EDTA, tetrasodium phosphate, tetrasodium glutamate diacetate, and tetrasodium iminodisuccinate, sodium gluconate, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the pH stabiliser is selected from sodium citrate, glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium EDTA, tetrasodium phosphate, tetrasodium glutamate di acetate, tetrasodium iminodi succinate, sodium gluconate, and combinations thereof.Additional components

[0057] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a tracer material. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an ultraviolet tracer.Component ratios

[0058] In some embodiments, the ratio of synergist to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is less than about 250:1, 225:1, 200:1, 175:1, 150:1, 125; 1, 100:1, 90:1 80:1, 70:1, 60:1, 50:1, 40:1, 30:1, 20:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, or 1:1. In some embodiments, the ratio of synergist to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is more than about 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1, 100:1, 125:1, 150:1, 175:1, 200:1, 225:1, or 250:1. The weight ratio of synergist to active ingredient in the composition may be in a range provided by any two or more of the upper and / or lower amounts, for example, between about 1 : 1 to about 250: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of synergist to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 1 : 1 to 20: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of synergist to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 2: 1 to 20: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of synergist to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 4:1 to 10:1.

[0059] In some embodiments, the ratio of non-polar solvent to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is less than about 250:1, 225:1, 200:1, 175:1, 150:1, 125; 1, 100:1, 90:1 80:1, 70:1, 60:1, 50:1, 40:1, 30:1, 20:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 0.9:1, 0.8:1, 0.7:1, 0.6:1, 0.5:1, 0.4:1,0.3:1, 0.2:1, or 0.1:1. In some embodiments, the ratio of non-polar solvent to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is more than about 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1, 100:1, 125:1, 150:1, 175:1, 200:1, 225:1, or 250:1. The weight ratio of non-polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition may be in a range provided by any two or more of the upper and / or lower amounts, for example, between about 0.1:1 to about 250: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of non-polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 0.1 : 1 to 50: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of non-polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 2: 1 to 20: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of non-polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 4:1 to 10:1.

[0060] In some embodiments, the ratio of polar solvent to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is less than about 250:1, 225:1, 200:1, 175:1, 150:1, 125; 1, 100:1, 90:1 80:1, 70:1, 60:1, 50:1, 40:1, 30:1, 20:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 0.9:1, 0.8:1, 0.7:1, 0.6:1, 0.5:1, 0.4:1, 0.3:1, 0.2:1, or 0.1 : 1. In some embodiments, the ratio of polar solvent to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is more than about 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1, 100:1, 125:1, 150:1, 175:1, 200:1, 225:1, or 250:1. The weight ratio of polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition may be in a range provided by any two or more of the upper and / or lower amounts, for example, between about 0.1:1 to about 250: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 0.1 : 1 to 50: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 2: 1 to 20: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 4: 1 to 10: 1.

[0061] In some embodiments, the ratio of surfactant to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is less than about 100:1, 90:1 80:1, 70:1, 60:1, 50:1, 40:1, 30:1, 20:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1,0.9:1, 0.8:1, 0.7:1, 0.6:1, 0.5:1, 0.4:1, 0.3:1, 0.2:1, 0.1:1, 0.09:1, 0.08:1, 0.07:1, 0.06:1, 0.05:1, 0.04:1, 0.03:1, 0.02:1, or 0.01:1. In some embodiments, the ratio of surfactant to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is more than about 0.01:1, 0.02:1, 0.03:1, 0.04:1, 0.05:1, 0.06:1, 0.07:1, 0.08:1, 0.09:1, 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1, or 100:1. The weight ratio of surfactant to active ingredient in the composition may be in a range provided by any two or more of the upper and / or lower amounts, for example, between about 0.01:1 to about 100: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of surfactant to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 0.01:1 to 50: 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of surfactant to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 0.1:1 to 10:1.

[0062] In some embodiments, the ratio of coupling agent to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is less than about 20:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 0.9:1, 0.8:1, 0.7:1, 0.6:1, 0.5:1, 0.4:1, 0.3:1, 0.2:1, 0.1:1, 0.09:1, 0.08:1, 0.07:1, 0.06:1, 0.05:1, 0.04:1, 0.03:1, 0.02:1, or 0.01:1. In some embodiments, the ratio of coupling agent to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is more than about 0.01:1, 0.02:1, 0.03:1, 0.04:1, 0.05:1, 0.06:1, 0.07:1, 0.08:1, 0.09:1, 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, or 20: 1. The weight ratio of coupling agent to active ingredient in the composition may be in a range provided by any two or more of the upper and / or lower amounts, for example, between about 0.1 : 1 to about 10: 1, or between about 0.1:1 to about 1 : 1. In some embodiments the weight ratio of coupling agent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 0.1:1 to 10:1.

[0063] In some embodiments, the ratio of pH stabiliser to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is less than about 50:1, 40:1, 30:1, 20:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 0.9:1, 0.8:1, 0.7:1, 0.6:1, 0.5:1, 0.4:1, 0.3:1, 0.2:1, 0.1:1, 0.09:1, 0.08:1, 0.07:1, 0.06:1, 0.05:1, 0.04:1, 0.03:1, 0.02: 1, or 0.01 : 1. In some embodiments, the ratio of pH stabiliser to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is more than about 0.01:1, 0.02:1, 0.03:1,0.04:1, 0.05:1, 0.06:1, 0.07:1, 0.08:1, 0.09:1, 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1. The weight ratio of pH stabiliser to active ingredient in the composition may be in a range provided by any two or more of the upper and / or lower amounts, for example, between about 0.01:1 to about 50:1, between about 0. 1 : 1 to about 20: 1, or between about 0.1:1 to about 1 :2. In some embodiments the weight ratio of pH stabiliser to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of about 0.1:1 to 20:1.Diluent / Dilution

[0064] In some embodiments, the composition may be provided as a concentrate. In some embodiments, the composition may be diluted with a diluent to achieve the desired concentration / content of active ingredient.

[0065] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition further comprises a diluent. The diluent may be selected based on how the insecticidal composition is to be used. For example, the composition may be diluted by a propellant (in the case of aerosol products), aqueous solution (in the case of water-based liquid spray products), or organic solvents (in the case of solvent-based liquid spray products).

[0066] In some embodiments, the diluent is selected from a propellant, an aqueous solution, and an organic solvent solution. In some embodiments, the diluent is a propellant. In some embodiments, the diluent is an aqueous solution. In some embodiments, the diluent is an organic solvent solution.Component weight ranges (of diluted composition)

[0067] In some embodiments, the active ingredient content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, the active ingredient content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The active ingredient content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example activeingredient content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 0.01 to about 10, between about 0.1 to about 1, or between about 0.01 to about 0.5. In some embodiments, the active ingredient content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 2.

[0068] In some embodiments, the synergist content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, the synergist content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The synergist content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the synergist content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 0.01 to about 10, between about 0.01 to about 5, between about 1 to about 5. In some embodiments, the synergist content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 5.

[0069] In some embodiments, the non-polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, the non-polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The non-polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the non-polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 0.01 to about 10, between about 0.1 to about 5. In some embodiments, the non-polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.5 to about 5.

[0070] In some embodiments, the polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, the polarsolvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 0.01 to about 10, between about 0.1 to about 5. In some embodiments, the polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.5 to about 5.

[0071] In some embodiments, the surfactant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, the surfactant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The surfactant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the surfactant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 0.01 to about 10, between about 0.1 to about 10, between about 0.5 to about 5. In some embodiments, the surfactant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.1 to about 10.

[0072] In some embodiments, the coupling agent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, the coupling agent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The coupling agent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the coupling agent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 0.01 to about 10, between about 0.01 to about 2. In some embodiments, the coupling agent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 2.

[0073] In some embodiments, the pH stabiliser content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, pH stabiliser content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The pH stabiliser content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the pH stabiliser content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 0.01 to about 10, between about 0.1 to about 5. In some embodiments, the pH stabiliser content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0. 1 to about 5.

[0074] In some embodiments, the diluent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 99.5, or 99. In some embodiments, the diluent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 99.9, 99.5, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, or 50. The diluent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the diluent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 50 to about 99.9, between about 50 to about 99, between about 50 to about 95, between about 80 to about 95. In some embodiments, the diluent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 50 to about 95.Aerosol product

[0075] In some embodiments, the composition is provided as an aerosol spray. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a diluent and the diluent is a propellant. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises propellant.

[0076] The person skilled in the art would appreciate that the propellant may be selected based on compatibility with other components in the composition. In some embodiments, the propellant is a liquid hydrocarbon propellant, gas propellant (eithernatural or synthetic), or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the propellant is selected from HFC, HFO, compressed gases (CO2, N2), or combinations thereof, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the propellant is selected from HFO-R1234ze, HFC-134a, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the propellant is CFO-R1234ze. In some embodiments, the propellant is HFC-134a. Advantageously, according to some embodiments, the propellant may be non-flammable. This may provide for a safer aerosol product than the current state of the art which use flammable propellants.

[0077] In some embodiments, the propellant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 99.5, or 99. In some embodiments, the propellant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 99.9, 99.5, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, or 50. The propellant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the propellant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 50 to about 99.9, between about 70 to about 90, between about 80 to about 95.Water-based liquid spray product

[0078] In some embodiments, the composition is provided as a water based liquid spray. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a diluent and the diluent is an aqueous solution. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a diluent and the diluent is water. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises water.

[0079] In some embodiments, the water content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 99.5, or 99. In some embodiments, the water content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 99.9, 99.5, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, or 50. The water content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by anytwo of these upper and / or lower values, for example the water content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 50 to about 99.9, between about 70 to about 90, between about 80 to about 95.Solvent-based liquid spray products

[0080] In some embodiments, the composition is provided as an organic solvent based liquid spray. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a diluent and the diluent is an organic solvent. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an organic solvent. In some embodiments, the organic solvent is selected from, hydrocarbon solvents, such as alcohols, glycols, dearomatized hydrocarbon solvents, or synthetic isoparaffin solvents and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the solvents are selected from one or more of the following: Isopar G-M, Exxsol D40-60. In some embodiments, the solvents are selected from one or more of the following: Isopar G,L, Exxsol D40 and Exxsol D60.

[0081] In some embodiments, the organic solvent is the same as the non-polar solvent.

[0082] In some embodiments, the organic solvent is selected from acetone, butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, xylene, hexane, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), acetonitrile, chloroform, dichloromethane (dem), carbon tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran (thf), dimethylformamide (dmf), N-methyl-2 -pyrrolidone (nmp), pyridine, isobutanol, cyclohexane, dioxane, acetic acid, formic acid, propylene glycol, glycerol, 1,4-di oxane, diethyl ether, 1,2-di chloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene), hexane, heptane, octane, benzene, toluene, phenol, and combinations thereof.

[0083] In some embodiments, the organic solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is at least about 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 99.5, or 99. In some embodiments, the organic solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is less than about 99.9, 99.5, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, or 50. The organic solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lowervalues, for example the organic solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be between about 50 to about 99.9, between about 70 to about 90, between about 80 to about 95.Example embodiments

[0084] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises:an active ingredient;a synergist;a non-polar solvent;a polar solvent; anda surfactant,wherein:the weight ratio of synergist to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 1 : 1 to about 20: 1;the weight ratio of non-polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 50:1;the weight ratio of polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 50:1; andthe weight ratio of surfactant to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 10:1.

[0085] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises:an active ingredient;a synergist;a non-polar solvent;a polar solvent;a surfactant; anda coupling agent,wherein:the weight ratio of synergist to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 1 : 1 to about 20: 1;the weight ratio of non-polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 50:1;the weight ratio of polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 50:1;the weight ratio of surfactant to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 10:1; andthe weight ratio of coupling agent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 2:1.

[0086] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises:an active ingredient;a synergist;a non-polar solvent;a polar solvent;a surfactant;a coupling agent; anda pH stabiliser,wherein:the weight ratio of synergist to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 1 : 1 to about 20: 1;the weight ratio of non-polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 50:1;the weight ratio of polar solvent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 50:1;the weight ratio of surfactant to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 10:1; andthe weight ratio of coupling agent to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 10:1; andthe weight ratio of pH stabiliser to active ingredient in the composition is in a range of between about 0.1:1 to about 20: 1.

[0087] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises:an active ingredient;a synergist;a non-polar solvent;a polar solvent;a surfactant; anda diluent,wherein:the active ingredient content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 2;the synergist content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 5;the non-polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.5 to about 5;the polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.5 to about 5;the surfactant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.1 to about 10; andthe diluent in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 50 to about 95.

[0088] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises:an active ingredient;a synergist;a non-polar solvent;a polar solvent;a surfactant;a coupling agent; anda diluent,wherein:the active ingredient content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 2;the synergist content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 5;the non-polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.5 to about 5;the polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.5 to about 5;the surfactant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.1 to about 10;the coupling agent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 1; andthe diluent in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 50 to about 95.

[0089] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises:an active ingredient;a synergist;a non-polar solvent;a polar solvent;a surfactant;a coupling agent;a pH stabiliser; anda diluent,wherein:the active ingredient content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 2;the synergist content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 5;the non-polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.5 to about 5;the polar solvent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.5 to about 5;the surfactant content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.1 to about 10;the coupling agent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 2; andthe pH stabiliser content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.1 to about 5; andthe diluent in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 50 to about 95.MethodMethod of applicationResidual application

[0090] In an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method of applying an active ingredient to at least one surface of a space comprising:dispersing the insecticidal composition described herein in an amount effective to deposit an insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient on at least a portion of the at least one surface.

[0091] In some embodiments, the at least one surface comprises a first surface and a second surface.

[0092] In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface (g / m2) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface (g / m2) is less than about 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface (g / m2) may be between about 0.01 to about 5, or between about 0.05 to about 0.5. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface is about 0.2 g / m2.

[0093] In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface is equivalent to an amount of permethrin on the first surface (g / m2) ofat least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effectiveamount of active ingredient for the first surface is equivalent to an amount of permethrin on the first surface (g / m2) of at least about 0.2 or 0.5.

[0094] In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface (g / m2) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface (g / m2) is less than about 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface (g / m2) may be between about 0.01 to about 5, or between about 0.01 to about 0.2. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface is about 0.1 g / m2.

[0095] In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface is equivalent to an amount of permethrin on the second surface (g / m2) of at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface is equivalent to an amount of permethrin on the second surface (g / m2) of at least about 0.1 or 0.2.

[0096] In some embodiments, the space is an enclosed space. In some embodiments, the space is at least a portion of an aircraft. In some embodiments, the space is an aircraft cabin. In some embodiments, the space is an aircraft cargo hold.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first surface may be selected from, but not limited to, walls, ceilings, furniture (for example seats), surfaces of storage compartments (interior or exterior). In some embodiments, the first surface is a floor, or a portion of a floor.

[0098] In some embodiments, the second surface is not a floor. In some embodiments, the second surface may be selected from, but not limited to, walls, ceilings, furniture (for example seats), surfaces of storage compartments (interior or exterior), or a portion thereof.

[0099] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition is dispersed as a residual aerosol composition. In some embodiments, the composition as described herein is dispersed through an actuator in an amount effective to deposit an insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient on at least a portion of the at least one surface. In some embodiments, the actuator is a non-mechanical break up actuator.

[0100] In some embodiments, the active ingredient is insecticidally effective for at least about 1 week post deposition, preferably at least about 2 weeks, preferably at least about 3 weeks, preferably at least about 4 weeks, or preferably at least about 8 weeks. Space spray

[0101] In an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method of introducing an active ingredient to a space comprising:dispersing the insecticidal composition described herein in an amount effective to provide an insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient throughout at least a portion of the space.

[0102] In some embodiments, the space is an enclosed space. In some embodiments, the space is at least a portion of an aircraft. In some embodiments, the space is an aircraft cabin. In some embodiments, the space is an aircraft cargo hold.

[0103] In some embodiments, the dispersing of the insecticide composition forms a mist of droplets throughout at least a portion of the space. In some embodiments, the average size of the droplets (pm) in the mist is at least about 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, or 1000. In some embodiments, the average size of the droplets (pm) in the mist is less than about 1000, 900, 800, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 75, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, or 0.01. The average size of the droplets (pm) in the mist may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example, the average size of the droplets (pm) in the mist may be between about 0.01 to about 1000, between about 1 to about 500, or between about 10 to about 50.

[0104] In some embodiments, the composition as described herein is dispersed through an actuator. In some embodiments, the actuator is a non-mechanical break up actuator.Method of controlling a pestResidual application

[0105] In an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method of controlling a pest in a space comprising:dispersing the insecticidal composition described herein in an amount effective to deposit an insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient on at least a portion of at least one surface of the space.

[0106] In some embodiments, the at least one surface comprises a first surface and a second surface.

[0107] In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface (g / m2) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface (g / m2) is less than about 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface (g / m2) may be between about 0.01 to about 5, or between about 0.05 to about 0.5. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface is about 0.2 g / m2.

[0108] In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface is equivalent to an amount of permethrin on the first surface (g / m2) ofat least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface is equivalent to an amount of permethrin on the first surface (g / m2) of at least about 0.2 or 0.5.

[0109] In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface (g / m2) is at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the secondsurface (g / m2) is less than about 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. The insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface (g / m2) may be between about 0.01 to about 5, or between about 0.01 to about 0.2. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface is about 0.1 g / m2.

[0110] In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface is equivalent to an amount of permethrin on the second surface (g / m2) of at least about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface is equivalent to an amount of permethrin on the second surface (g / m2) of at least about 0.1 or 0.2.

[0111] In some embodiments, the space is an enclosed space. In some embodiments, the space is at least a portion of an aircraft. In some embodiments, the space is an aircraft cabin. In some embodiments, the space is an aircraft cargo hold.

[0112] In some embodiments, the first surface may be selected from, but not limited to, walls, ceilings, furniture (for example seats), surfaces of storage compartments (interior or exterior). In some embodiments, the first surface is a floor, or a portion of a floor.

[0113] In some embodiments, the second surface is not a floor. In some embodiments, the second surface may be selected from, but not limited to, walls, ceilings, furniture (for example seats), surfaces of storage compartments (interior or exterior), or a portion thereof.

[0114] In some embodiments, the active ingredient is insecticidally effective for at least about 1 week post deposition, preferably at least about 2 weeks, preferably at least about 3 weeks, preferably at least about 4 weeks, or preferably at least about 8 weeks.

[0115] In some embodiments, the pest is an insect. In some embodiments, the pest is a mosquito, fly, flea, tick, moth, aphid, spider, bed bug, cockroach, ant, lice, gnats, and combination thereof.

[0116] In some embodiments, the pest is a mosquito.Space spray

[0117] In an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method of controlling a pest in a space comprising:dispersing the insecticidal composition described herein in an amount effective to provide an insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient throughout at least a portion of the space.

[0118] In some embodiments, the space is an enclosed space. In some embodiments, the space is at least a portion of an aircraft. In some embodiments, the space is an aircraft cabin. In some embodiments, the space is an aircraft cargo hold.

[0119] In some embodiments, the dispersing of the insecticide composition forms a mist of droplets throughout at least a portion of the space. In some embodiments, the average size of the droplets (pm) in the mist is at least about 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, or 1000. In some embodiments, the average size of the droplets (pm) in the mist is less than about 1000, 900, 800, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 75, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, or 0.01. The average size of the droplets (pm) in the mist may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values, for example, the average size of the droplets (pm) in the mist may be between about 0.01 to about 1000, between about 1 to about 500, or between about 10 to about 50.

[0120] In some embodiments, the composition as described herein is dispersed through an actuator. In some embodiments, the actuator is a non-mechanical break up actuator.Use

[0121] In an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided use of the insecticidal composition as described herein to deposit an active ingredient onto a surface.

[0122] In an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided use of the insecticidal composition as described herein to disperse an active ingredient throughout at least a portion of the space.

[0123] In some embodiments, the space is an enclosed space. In some embodiments, the space is at least a portion of an aircraft. In some embodiments, the space is an aircraft cabin. In some embodiments, the space is an aircraft cargo hold.

[0124] In some embodiments, the first surface may be selected from, but not limited to, walls, ceilings, furniture (for example seats), surfaces of storage compartments (interior or exterior). In some embodiments, the first surface is a floor, or a portion of a floor.

[0125] In some embodiments, the second surface is not a floor. In some embodiments, the second surface may be selected from, but not limited to, walls, ceilings, furniture (for example seats), surfaces of storage compartments (interior or exterior), or a portion thereof.

[0126] In an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided that use of the insecticidal composition as described herein to control a pest.

[0127] In some embodiments, the pest is an insect. In some embodiments, the pest is an insect. In some embodiments, the pest is a mosquito, fly, flea, tick, moth, aphid, spider, bed bug, cockroach, ant, lice, gnats, and combination thereof.

[0128] In some embodiments, the pest is a mosquito.

[0129] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and / or modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, without departing from the broad general scope of the present disclosure. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.ExamplesComposition development procedure

[0130] Compositions falling with the scope of the present disclosure were developed according to the following general method:Baseline 1 assessment using only the active ingredient;Baseline 2 assessment using lower amount of the active ingredient in combination with a synergist;Baseline 3 assessment wherein only the excipients, for example surfactant, solvent, coupling agents, are included in the composition tested;Formula 1 assessment wherein the active is combined with the synergist, surfactants, non-polar solvent and polar solvent;Formula 2 assessment wherein the active is combined with the synergist, surfactants, non-polar solvent and polar solvent, coupling agents and, if present, a pH stabiliser.

[0131] The inventors of the present application have observed that the efficacy of the active ingredient is influenced positively (synergistic effect) or negatively (antagonistic effect) when certain excipients are present in addition to the active ingredient. The selection / level of coupling agents is based on a few factors including, but not limited to, the relative performance of each composition in the above assessments, compatibility with other components in the composition, and the composition stability / compatibility

[0132] Further details of each of the above steps are provided in the following examples.Example 1 — Baseline efficacy testing

[0133] Initial efficacy tests were conducted for permethrin and deltamethrin against a highly insecticide resistant mosquito strain. The pyrethroid resistant Aedes aegypti sourced from Ross Lifescience Ltd (Insectary, Pune). This strain is strongly resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin.Table 1: Baseline efficacy test compositionsIngredients Example la (% w / w) Example lb (% w / w) Permethrin (25:75, Tagros2 - Chemical) (active)Deltamethrin (Tech grade,Hemani Industries Ltd) - 0.5(active)Ethyl acetate (AR grade,balance to 100 balance to 100 Chem-Supply) (polar solvent)

[0134] A composition containing 2% w / w permethrin was applied at the recommended rate of 0.2 g a.i. / m2to panels. A composition containing 0.5% w / w deltamethrin was applied at the recommended rate of 0.05 g a.i / m2the same type of panels. Non-blood-fed, resistant female mosquitoes aged 2-5 days were introduced into plastic cones, secured to the treated panels with adhesive tape at various times after application of the compositions. Mosquitoes were exposed to the treated panels for 30 minutes and then transferred into clean holding cups and provided with 10% sugar solution. Knock down and mortality percentages were recorded and are shown in Figure 1. Neither the composition containing permethrin nor the composition containing deltamethrin was effective at providing a mortality rate above 80% at any time between 0 to 24 hours after application of the composition to the panels.Example 2 - Effect of synergistIn order to determine the impact of synergists on the efficacy of permethrin-based insecticides against a permethrin resistant strain of mosquito, efficacy tests were conducted with the addition of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to the permethrin formulation described in Example la. Using the same procedure as in Example la, a composition containing 2% permethrin and 10% PBO was applied at the recommended rate of 0.2 g of permethrin / m2to panels (See Example 2a). The same procedure was conducted with 2% permethrin and 20% PBO (see Example 2b). Results showed that these compositions are 100% effective against resistant strain of mosquito.Ingredients Example 2a (% w / w) Example 2b (% w / w) Permethrin (25:75, Tagros 2 2 Chemical) (active)Piperonyl Butoxide (Endura) 10 20(synergist)Ethyl acetate (AR grade, balance to 100 balance to 100 Chem-Supply) (polar solvent)Example 3 - Effect of insecticide components

[0135] Using the same procedure as described in Example 1, the insecticidal efficacy of various potential solvents, surfactants and disinfectants without any active ingredients against susceptible and resistant mosquito strains were tested. Three formulations were applied to surfaces:a) Rhodasurf CET-5 1% (surfactant) + dibutyl adipate 2% (polar solvent); b) Teric 12A122% (surfactant); andc) a disinfectant formulation containing Teric 12A12 (surfactant) and other chemicals.Ingredients Example 3a (% w / w) Example 3b (% w / w) Rhodasurf CET-5 1 - (Solvay) (surfactant)Dibutyl Adipate (BASF) 2 - (polar solvent)Teric 12A12 (Indorama - 2Ventures) (surfactant)Ethyl acetate (AR grade, balance to 100 balance to 100Chem-Supply) (polarsolvent)

[0136] Example 3C: Ki-ose 350R, a water-based disinfectant manufactured by Callington, containing water, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, 3 -(trimethoxy silyl) propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and Teric 12A12 (surfactant).

[0137] Knock down and mortality percentages were recorded and are shown in Figure 2. None of the 3 formulations from Example 3 were effective at providing a mortality rate above 80% at any time between 1 and 24 hours after application of the composition to the surfaces, see Figure 2. The results show that, while these compositions have some level of efficacy, without the inclusion of the active ingredient the compositions do not have the required level of efficacy to be used as an insecticide. However, components of compositions used in this examples may be used in combination with one or more active ingredients to enhance the efficacy of the active ingredient.Example 4 — Formula 1 assessment

[0138] Using the same procedure as described in Example 1, the insecticidal efficacy of various potential solvents, surfactants and disinfectants without any active ingredients against susceptible and resistant mosquito strains were tested. Efficacy tests were conducted with two formulations according to the present disclosure, against highly insecticide resistant mosquito strain. Again, the pyrethroid resistant Aedes aegypti sourced as described above were used. The formulation tested were:Example 4a Example 4b Ingredients (composition 4a) (composition 4b)(% w / w) (% w / w) Permethrin (25:75, Tagros0.5 - Chemical) (active)Deltamethrin (Tech grade, Hemani- 0.1 Industries Ltd) (active)Piperonyl Butoxide (Endura)2.5 1 (synergist)Exxsol D60 (ExxonMobil) (non1 1polar solvent)Rhodasurf CET-5 (Solvay)1 1 (surfactant)Dibutyl Adipate (BASF) (polar2 2solvent)Ethyl acetate (AR grade, Chem- balance to 100 balance to 100Supply) (diluent)

[0139] Composition 4a was applied such that the amount of permethrin deposited was 0.05g a.i. / m2. Composition 4b was applied such that the amount of deltamethrin deposited was 0.01g a.i / m2. Mosquitoes were exposed to the treated panels for 30 min and then transferred into clean holding cups and provided with 10% sugar solution at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks post application of the compositions to the surfaces.

[0140] Knock down percentages 1 hour post exposure are shown in Figure 3.Mortality percentages 24 hours post exposure are shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that both compositions, even applied at a reduced amount of permethrin or deltamethrin, areeffective at providing a knock down percentage of greater than 80% at 1 hour post exposure for at least one week after deposition of the compositions on the surface. Similarly, the mortality rate above is 80% at 24 hours after exposure to the surfaces treated with the composition for at least one week post application. These results show that a lower percentage of active ingredient when combined with carefully selected synergists and adjuvants can be highly effective against resistant strain mosquitos. However, it can be seen that the effectiveness of compositions 4a and 4b decreases and at 8 weeks post deposition of the compositions on the surface the knock down percentage 1 hour post exposure and the mortality percentage 24 hours post exposure are both between 20% and 40%. Thus, compositions of example 4 provide for short term efficacy (a period of about 1 week) post deposition on a surface.Example 5 — Formula 2 assessment

[0141] Using the same procedure as described in Example 1, the insecticidal efficacy of various potential solvents, surfactants and disinfectants without any active ingredients against susceptible and resistant mosquito strains were tested. Residual efficacy test on resistant mosquitos, using the following 2 samples:Sample 1 (SI) - Solvent based systemClassification Component Amount (% w / w) Active Permethrin 0.5 Synergist PBO 2.5 Hydrocarbon Solvent Exxsol D60 1 Polar Solvent Cetiol B 2 Surfactant Span 80 1 Coupling agent Silane Quat AEM5700 0.6Diluent Exxsol D60 92.4Sample 2 (S2) - Water-based system:Classification Component Amount (% w / w) Active Permethrin 0.5 Synergist PBO 2.5 HydrocarbonIsopar L 3 SolventPolar Solvent Hexylene Glycol 2Surfactant PEG-40 (Eumulgin CO 40) 3(Hydrogenated castor oil ethoxylate)Surfactant PEG-400 Dioleate 2 CouplingSilane Quat AEM5700 0.6 agentpH stabiliser Trisodium Citrate (Sodium Citrate) 0.5Diluent Water 85.9

[0142] Composition SI and S2 were applied such that the amount of permethrin deposited was 0.05g a.i. / m2. Mosquitoes were exposed to the treated panels for 30 min and then transferred into clean holding cups and provided with 10% sugar solution at various time points after application of the composition to the surfaces.

[0143] Knock down and mortality was recorded and are shown in Figure 5. It can be seen that both compositions, even applied at a reduced amount of permethrin or deltamethrin, are effective at providing a mortality rate above 80% at 24 hours after application of the composition to the surface. The two new formulas give a high 24h mortality (100%) for up to 8 weeks post application of the compositions to the panels.

[0144] Thus while the compositions of example 4 are shown to be effective, advantageously Samples SI and S2 show that selecting the right combination (active + synergist + hydrocarbon solvent + polar solvent + surfactant + coupling agent) extends the time period for which the insecticide composition display excellent residual efficacy. Compositions of example 5 display residual efficacy for at least 8 weeks; and the improvement of residual efficacy (especially the long-term efficacy) is not just due to inclusion of synergist but through the combination of carefully selected components in the composition chosen following the composition development procedure detailed above.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. An insecticidal composition comprising:an insecticide;a synergist;a non-polar solvent;a polar solvent; anda surfactant.

2. The insecticidal composition of claim 1, further comprising a coupling agent.

3. The insecticidal composition of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a diluent.

4. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a pH stabiliser.

5. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insecticide is selected from pyrethrins, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and combinations thereof.

6. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insecticide is selected from allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, etofenprox, lamda-cyhalothrin, and combinations thereof.

7. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insecticide is selected from permethrin, deltamethrin, and combinations thereof.

8. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the synergist is selected from piperonyl butoxide (PBO), n-octyl bicycloheptane dicarboximide (MGK-264), S.S.S-tributlyphosphorotrithioate (DEF), ethacrynic acid (EA) and diethyl maleate (DM), and combinations thereof.

9. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the synergist is selected from piperonyl butoxide (PBO), n-octyl bicycloheptane dicarboximide (MGK-264), and combinations thereof.

10. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-polar solvent is a non-polar hydrocarbon solvent.

11. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, the non-polar solvent is a dearomatized non-polar hydrocarbon solvents.

12. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-polar solvent is selected from C8-C20 linear alkanes, C8-C20 branched alkanes, Cs-C20 cyclic alkanes, and combinations thereof.

13. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-polar solvent is selected from dearomatized hydrocarbon solvents and combinations thereof, Exxsol D60, Exxsol D80, Exxsol DI 10, Isopar L, Isopar M, Isopar P, and combinations thereof.

14. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polar solvent is an organic polar solvent.

15. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polar solvent is selected from carboxylic acid, esters, alcohols, glycols, and combinations thereof.

16. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polar solvent is selected from dibutyl adipate, diisopropyl adipate, diisobutyl adipate, diethylhexyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, and combinations thereof.

17. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polar solvent is dibutyl adipate.

18. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surfactant is selected from solvent-soluble non-ionic or ionic surfactants, and combinations thereof.

19. The insecticidal composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surfactant is a fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

20. The insecticide composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of synergist to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is between about 1 : 1 to about 250: 1, between about 1 : 1 to about 1 :25, between about 1 : 1 to about 10 : 1 , or between about 3 : 1 to about 7:1.

21. The insecticide composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of non-polar solvent to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is between about 1:1 to about 10:1, between about 3:1 to about 7:1.

22. The insecticide composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of polar solvent to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is between about 1 : 1 to about 10:1, between about 3 : 1 to about 7:1.

23. The insecticide composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of surfactant to active ingredient (on a weight % basis) in the composition is between about 1 : 1 to about 10:1, between about 3 : 1 to about 7:1.

24. The insecticide composition of any one of claims 2 to 23, wherein the weight ratio of coupling agent to active ingredient in the composition is between about 0.1:1 to about 10: 1, or between about 0.1:1 to about 1:1.

25. The insecticide composition of any one of claims 4 to 24, wherein the weight ratio of pH stabiliser to active ingredient in the is between about 0.1 : 1 to about 10: 1, or between about 0.1:1 to about 1 :2.

26. The insecticide composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of active ingredient (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.001 to about 5, between about 0.005 to about 2, between about 0.01 to about 1.

27. The insecticide composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of synergist (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.005 to about 25, between about 0.025 to about 10, between about 0.05 to about 5.

28. The insecticide composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of non-polar solvent (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.001 to about 5, between about 0.05 to about 2.

29. The insecticide composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of polar solvent (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.001 to about 5, between about 0.05 to about 3.

30. The insecticide composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of surfactant (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.001 to about 5, between about 0.05 to about 3.

31. The insecticide composition of any one of claims 2 to 30, wherein the coupling agent content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) may be is between about 0.01 to about 10, between about 0.1 to about 2.

32. The insecticide composition of any one of claims 4 to 31, wherein the pH stabiliser content in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 10, between about 0.1 to about 2.

33. The insecticide composition of any one of claims 3 to 32, wherein the diluent is selected from a propellant, an aqueous solution, and an organic solvent solution.

34. The insecticide composition of any one of claims 3 to 33, wherein the diluent in the composition (in % w / w of the total weight of the composition) is between about 50 to about 99.9, between about 70 to about 90, between about 80 to about 95.

35. The insecticide composition of any one of claims 33 to 34, wherein the diluent is a propellant.

36. The insecticide composition of any one of claims 33 to 34, wherein the diluent is an aqueous solution.

37. The insecticide composition of any one of claims 33 to 34, wherein the diluent is an organic solvent solution.

38. A method of applying an active ingredient to at least one surface of a space comprising:dispersing the insecticide composition of any one of claims 1 to 37 in an amount effective to deposit an insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient on at least a portion of the at least one surface.

39. A method of controlling a pest in a space comprising:dispersing the insecticide composition of any one of claims 1 to 37 in an amount effective to deposit an insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient on at least a portion of at least one surface of the space.

40. The method of any one of claim 38 or claim 39, wherein the at least one surface comprises a first surface and a second surface.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the first surface (g / m2) is between about 0.01 to about 1.

42. The method of claim 41 or claim 42, wherein the insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient for the second surface (g / m2) is between about 0.01 to about 0.5.

43. The method of any one of claims 38 to 42, wherein the space is an enclosed space.

44. The method of any one of claims 38 to 43, wherein the space wherein the space is an aircraft cabin.

45. The method of any one of claims 38 to 44, wherein the active ingredient is insecticidally effective for at least about 1 week post deposition, preferably at least about 2 weeks, preferably at least about 3 weeks, preferably at least about 4 weeks, or preferably at least about 8 weeks.

46. The method of any one of claims 39 to 45, wherein the pest is an insect.

47. The method of any one of claims 39 to 46, wherein the pest is a mosquito.

48. Use of the insecticide composition of any one of claims 1 to 37 to deposit an active ingredient onto a surface.

49. Use of the residual aerosol composition of any one of claims 1 to 37 to control a pest.

50. The use of claim 49 or claim, wherein the pest is a mosquito.

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