Communication method and related apparatuses for managing network connections
The method improves network connection management in 6G systems by using identification information to automate the assignment and removal of forwarding rules, addressing the inefficiencies in existing systems and ensuring compliance with quality of service requirements.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication systems lack efficient methods for managing network connections, particularly in 6G systems, to support interactions among various services and system customers, including AI services and data delivery, which require interface alignment and automation.
A method for managing network connections that involves a first node receiving assignment, removal, and establishment requests to assign, remove, or establish forwarding rules for connections between nodes and serving gateways, utilizing identification information to enhance efficiency and automation.
Enhances the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections by enabling efficient assignment, removal, and establishment of forwarding rules, ensuring compliance with QoS requirements and reducing network overhead.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025092688_28052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD AND RELATED APPARATUSES FOR MANAGING NETWORK CONNECTIONSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to US provisional patent application No. 63 / 722, 428, filed on November 19, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a method and related apparatuses for managing network connections.BACKGROUND
[0003] In fifth generation (5G) communication systems, application programming interfaces (APIs) were defined to support various network operation procedures. Future generation communication systems (e.g., 6G systems) may support new services, such as, for example, Artificial Intelligence (AI) services, data collection, sanitization, analysis delivery services, etc. All of these services are not only accessed by businesses and enterprise customers, but may also be accessed by wireless devices. It is necessary to enable interface alignment to support interactions among these services, within the services and / or between the services and all types of system customers.
[0004] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any one of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving an assignment request from a second node. The assignment request includes a request to assign a first information for identifying a first connection. The first connection is between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The assignment request includes / indicates a second information related to the third node and a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected. The method further includes: determining the first serving gateway based on the third information; and assigning the first information to the first connection.
[0006] The first node is configured to determine the first serving gateway for the third node based on the third information for identifying the second serving gateway, so that a suitable first serving gateway can be chosen for the third node. The first node also assigns the first information for the first connection between the third node and the determined first serving gateway, which enables possible communication between the third node and the fourth node facilitated by the first connection.
[0007] In an implementation of the first aspect, the second information related to the third node includes / indicates one or more of: information about a type of the third node; and identification information for identifying the third node.
[0008] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the third node more efficiently, which may facilitate the assignment of NC-Ext connection identifier (ID) .
[0009] In an implementation of the first aspect, the first information is stored by the first node in a local cache.
[0010] By maintaining the first information in the first node, the first information for identifying the first connection can be provided by the first node when requested.
[0011] In an implementation of the first aspect, for execution of the method to assign identification to the first connection, the second serving gateway is already known.
[0012] In an implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: transmitting a response message to the second node. The response message includes / indicates a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway and the first information.
[0013] In an implementation of the first aspect, determining the first serving gateway based on the third information includes: selecting the first serving gateway based on the third information.
[0014] In an implementation of the first aspect, the first connection includes an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information includes / indicates information for identifying the output connection; and / or the first connection includes an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information includes / indicates information for identifying the input connection.
[0015] In an implementation of the first aspect, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.
[0016] In an implementation of the first aspect, the method constitutes an action to assign identification to the first connection. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0017] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception, the determination and the assignment, so as to improve the efficiency of assignment of the assignment of NC-Ext connection ID and realize the automation of the assignment of NC-Ext connection ID.
[0018] In an implementation of the first aspect, the assignment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0019] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the assignment request.
[0020] In an implementation of the first aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0021] In an implementation of the first aspect, the after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been determined and the first information has been assigned to the first connection.
[0022] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a removal request from a second node. The removal request includes a request to remove a first information, the first information assigned to a first connection for identifying the first connection. The first connection is between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The removal request includes / indicates a second information related to the third node. The method further includes: in response to receiving the removal request, removing the first information.
[0023] Upon receiving the removal request, the first node can effectively remove the first information, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0024] In an implementation of the second aspect, the second information related to the third node includes / indicates one or more of: information about a type of the third node; and identification information for identifying the third node.
[0025] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the third node more efficiently, which may facilitate the removal of NC-Ext connection ID.
[0026] In an implementation of the second aspect, for execution of the method to remove identification of the first connection, a first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first serving gateway has been removed, and / or a second forwarding rule for the first connection at a second serving gateway has been removed. The second serving gateway is connected to the third node.
[0027] In an implementation of the second aspect, the first connection includes an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information includes / indicates information for identifying the output connection; and / or the first connection includes an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information includes / indicates information for identifying the input connection.
[0028] In an implementation of the second aspect, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.
[0029] In an implementation of the second aspect, the method constitutes an action to remove identification of the first connection. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0030] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the removal, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of NC-Ext connection ID and realize the automation of removal of NC-Ext connection ID.
[0031] In an implementation of the second aspect, the removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0032] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the removal request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the removal request.
[0033] In an implementation of the second aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0034] In an implementation of the second aspect, the after execution of the method, the first information has been removed.
[0035] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a first establishment request from a second node. The first establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the first establishment request, enabling the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule.
[0036] Upon receiving the first establishment request, the first node can effectively configure the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0037] In an implementation of the third aspect, the first establishment request includes / indicates one or more of: a first information for identifying the first connection; a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node; and a second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node.
[0038] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the first connection, the third node and the fourth node respectively, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway.
[0039] In an implementation of the third aspect, the traffic related to the third node is incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node or outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node. For example, the first reachable address is a public address in the external network that can be used for representing a source address of traffic originated from the third node and targeting the fourth node, or the first reachable address is a public address in the external network that can be used for representing a destination address of traffic originated from the fourth node and targeting the third node.
[0040] In an implementation of the third aspect, the first establishment request further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; information about a type of the third node; a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected; a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway; a first quality of service (QoS) information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node; a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node; a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; and a second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic.
[0041] Inclusion of the information related to the third node and the third information enables the first node to identify the third node and the second serving gateway, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway. Inclusion of the fourth information enables the first node to determine the first serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the QoS information ensures that the traffic is transmitted according to the QoS requirement indicated by the QoS information. Inclusion of the filtering rules enables the first node to configure filtering rules for the third node at the first serving gateway.
[0042] In an implementation of the third aspect, the first connection includes an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information includes / indicates information for identifying the output connection; and / or the first connection includes an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information includes / indicates information for identifying the input connection.
[0043] In an implementation of the third aspect, enabling the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule includes: transmitting a message to the first serving gateway. The message is configured to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first serving gateway.
[0044] By transmitting the message from the first node to the first serving gateway, the first serving gateway can effectively establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections.
[0045] In an implementation of the third aspect, the message includes / indicates one or more of: a first information for identifying the first connection; a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node; and a second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node.
[0046] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the fourth node, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway.
[0047] In an implementation of the third aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; information about a type of the third node; a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected; a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway; a first QoS information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node; a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node; a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; and a second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic.
[0048] Inclusion of the information related to the third node and the third information enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node and the second serving gateway, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule. Inclusion of the fourth information ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway. Inclusion of the QoS information ensures that the traffic is transmitted according to the QoS requirement indicated by the QoS information. Inclusion of the filtering rules enables the first node to configure filtering rules for the third node at the first serving gateway.
[0049] In an implementation of the third aspect, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the fourth node and a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0050] In an implementation of the third aspect, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway either on a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.
[0051] In an implementation of the third aspect, for execution of the method to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway, the first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known, and a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node is already known.
[0052] In an implementation of the third aspect, the method constitutes an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0053] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the enablement, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0054] In an implementation of the third aspect, the first establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0055] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the first establishment request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the first establishment request.
[0056] In an implementation of the third aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0057] In an implementation of the third aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established at the first serving gateway.
[0058] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first serving gateway. The method includes receiving a message from a first node. The message is configured to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the message, establishing the first forwarding rule.
[0059] By receiving the message by the first serving gateway from the first node, the first serving gateway can effectively establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections.
[0060] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the message includes / indicates one or more of: a first information for identifying the first connection; a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node; and a second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node.
[0061] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the fourth node, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway.
[0062] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the traffic related to the third node is incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node or outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node. For example, the first reachable address is a public address in the external network that can be used for representing a source address of traffic originated from the third node and targeting the fourth node, or the first reachable address is a public address in the external network that can be used for representing a destination address of traffic originated from the fourth node and targeting the third node.
[0063] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; information about a type of the third node; a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected; a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway; a first quality of service (QoS) information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node; a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node; a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; and a second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic.
[0064] Inclusion of the information related to the third node and the third information enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node and the second serving gateway, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule. Inclusion of the fourth information ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway. Inclusion of the QoS information ensures that the traffic is transmitted according to the QoS requirement indicated by the QoS information. Inclusion of the filtering rules enables the first node to configure filtering rules for the third node at the first serving gateway.
[0065] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established at the first serving gateway.
[0066] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first serving gateway. The method includes receiving a second establishment request from a second node. The second establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the second establishment request, establishing the first forwarding rule.
[0067] Upon receiving the second establishment request, the first serving gateway can effectively establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0068] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the second establishment request includes / indicates one or more of: a first information for identifying the first connection; a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node; and a second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node.
[0069] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the fourth node, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway.
[0070] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the traffic related to the third node is incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node or outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node. For example, the first reachable address is a public address in the external network that can be used for representing a source address of traffic originated from the third node and targeting the fourth node, or the first reachable address is a public address in the external network that can be used for representing a destination address of traffic originated from the fourth node and targeting the third node.
[0071] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the second establishment request further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; information about a type of the third node; a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected; a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway; a first QoS information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node; a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node; a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; and a second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic.
[0072] Inclusion of the information related to the third node and the third information enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node and the second serving gateway, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule. Inclusion of the fourth information ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway. Inclusion of the QoS information ensures that the traffic is transmitted according to the QoS requirement indicated by the QoS information. Inclusion of the filtering rules enables the first node to configure filtering rules for the third node at the first serving gateway.
[0073] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the first connection includes an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information includes / indicates information for identifying the output connection; and / or the first connection includes an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information includes / indicates information for identifying the input connection.
[0074] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, for execution of the method to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway, the first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known, and the first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node is already known.
[0075] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the method constitutes an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0076] The first serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the establishment, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0077] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the second establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0078] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the first serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0079] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0080] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established at the first serving gateway.
[0081] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a first removal request from a second node. The first removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule, the first forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the first removal request, enabling the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule.
[0082] Upon receiving the first removal request, the first node can effectively configure the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections, and saving the network overhead.
[0083] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the first removal request includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0084] Based on the first information for identifying the first connection in the first removal request, the first node can determine the first serving gateway, which enables the first node to identify the serving gateway for which the first forwarding rule should be removed.
[0085] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the first removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; information about a type of the third node; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0086] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information about the type of the third node enables the first node to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway enables the first node to determine the first serving gateway more efficiently.
[0087] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, enabling the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule includes: transmitting a message to the first serving gateway. The message is configured to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first serving gateway.
[0088] By transmitting the message from the first node to the first serving gateway, the first serving gateway can effectively remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections and saving the network overhead.
[0089] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the message includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0090] By including / indicating the first information, the first serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0091] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; information about a type of the third node; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0092] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information about the type of the third node enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway.
[0093] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the fourth node and a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0094] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.
[0095] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, for execution of the method to remove the first forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated.
[0096] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the method constitutes an action to remove the first forwarding rule. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0097] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the enabling, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the first forwarding rule.
[0098] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the first removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0099] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the first serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0100] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0101] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed at the first serving gateway.
[0102] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first serving gateway. The method includes receiving a message from a first node. The message is configured to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the message, removing the first forwarding rule.
[0103] By receiving the message by the first serving gateway from the first node, the first serving gateway can effectively remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections and saving the network overhead.
[0104] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the message includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0105] By including / indicating the first information, the first serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0106] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; information about a type of the third node; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0107] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information about the type of the third node enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway.
[0108] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed at the first serving gateway.
[0109] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first serving gateway. The method includes receiving a second removal request from a second node. The second removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule, the first forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the second establishment request, removing the first forwarding rule.
[0110] Upon receiving the second removal request, the first serving gateway can effectively remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections and saving the network overhead.
[0111] In an implementation of the eighth aspect, the second removal request includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0112] By including / indicating the first information, the first serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0113] In an implementation of the eighth aspect, the second removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; information about a type of the third node; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0114] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information about the type of the third node enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway.
[0115] In an implementation of the eighth aspect, for execution of the method to remove the first forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated.
[0116] In an implementation of the eighth aspect, the method constitutes an action to remove the first forwarding rule. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0117] The first serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the removal, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the first forwarding rule.
[0118] In an implementation of the eighth aspect, the second removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0119] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the first serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0120] In an implementation of the eighth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0121] In an implementation of the eighth aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed at the first serving gateway.
[0122] According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a third establishment request from a second node. The third establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the third establishment request, enabling a second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule. The second serving gateway is connected to the third node.
[0123] Upon receiving the third establishment request, the first node can effectively configure the second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0124] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the third establishment request includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; a first information for identifying the first connection; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0125] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the first connection, the third node and the first serving gateway respectively, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0126] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the third establishment request further includes / indicates a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.
[0127] The determination of the second serving gateway enables the first node to identify which serving gateway can be configured with the second forwarding rule.
[0128] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, enabling the second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule includes: transmitting a message to the second serving gateway. The message is configured to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second serving gateway.
[0129] By transmitting the message from the first node to the second serving gateway, the second serving gateway can effectively establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections.
[0130] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the message includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; a first information for identifying the first connection; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0131] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the second serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the first serving gateway respectively, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0132] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the message further includes / indicates a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.
[0133] Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second serving gateway.
[0134] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0135] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.
[0136] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, for execution of the method to establish the second forwarding rule, the first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.
[0137] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the method constitutes an action to establish the second forwarding rule. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0138] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the enablement, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0139] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the third establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0140] By including / indicating the information for identifying the action in the third establishment request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the third establishment request.
[0141] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0142] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established at the second serving gateway.
[0143] According to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a second serving gateway. The method includes receiving a message from a first node. The message is configured to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the message, establishing the second forwarding rule.
[0144] By receiving the message by the second serving gateway from the first node, the second serving gateway can effectively establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections.
[0145] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the message includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; a first information for identifying the first connection; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0146] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the second serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the first serving gateway respectively, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0147] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the message further includes / indicates a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.
[0148] Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second serving gateway.
[0149] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established at the second serving gateway.
[0150] According to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a second serving gateway. The method includes receiving a fourth establishment request from a second node. The fourth establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the fourth establishment request, establishing the second forwarding rule.
[0151] Upon receiving the fourth establishment request, the second serving gateway can effectively establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0152] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, the fourth establishment request includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; a first information for identifying the first connection; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0153] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the second serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the first serving gateway respectively, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0154] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, the fourth establishment request further includes / indicates a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.
[0155] Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second serving gateway.
[0156] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0157] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.
[0158] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, for execution of the method to establish the second forwarding rule, the first information assigned to the first node, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.
[0159] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, the method constitutes an action to establish the second forwarding rule. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the second serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0160] The second serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the establishment, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0161] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, the fourth establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0162] By including / indicating the information for identifying the action in the fourth establishment request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the fourth establishment request.
[0163] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0164] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established at the second serving gateway.
[0165] According to a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a third removal request from a second node. The third removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the third removal request, enabling a second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule. The second serving gateway is connected to the third node.
[0166] Upon receiving the third removal request, the first node can effectively configure the second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections, and saving the network overhead.
[0167] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the third removal request includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0168] Based on the first information for identifying the first connection in the third removal request, the first node can determine the second serving gateway, which enables the first node to identify the serving gateway for which the second forwarding rule should be removed.
[0169] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the third removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; and a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.
[0170] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node enables the first node to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway enables the first node to determine the second serving gateway more efficiently.
[0171] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, enabling the first serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule includes: transmitting a message to the second serving gateway. The message is configured to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second serving gateway.
[0172] By transmitting the message from the first node to the second serving gateway, the second serving gateway can effectively remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections and saving the network overhead.
[0173] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the message includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0174] By including / indicating the first information, the second serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0175] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; and a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.
[0176] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node enables the second serving gateway to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second serving gateway.
[0177] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0178] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.
[0179] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, for execution of the method to remove the second forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated.
[0180] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the method constitutes an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0181] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the enablement, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the second forwarding rule.
[0182] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the third removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0183] By including / indicating the information for identifying the action in the third removal request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the third removal request.
[0184] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0185] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed at the second serving gateway.
[0186] According to a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a second serving gateway. The method includes receiving a message from a first node. The message is configured to remove a second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the message, removing the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0187] By receiving the message by the second serving gateway from the first node, the second serving gateway can effectively remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of management of network connections and saving the network overhead.
[0188] In an implementation of the thirteenth aspect, the message includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0189] By including / indicating the first information, the second serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0190] In an implementation of the thirteenth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; and a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.
[0191] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node enables the second serving gateway to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second serving gateway.
[0192] In an implementation of the thirteenth aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed at the second serving gateway.
[0193] According to a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a second serving gateway. The method includes receiving a fourth removal request from a second node. The fourth removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the fourth removal request, removing the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0194] Upon receiving the fourth removal request, the second serving gateway can effectively remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections, and saving the network overhead.
[0195] In an implementation of the fourteenth aspect, the fourth removal request includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0196] By including / indicating the first information, the second serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0197] In an implementation of the fourteenth aspect, the fourth removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; and a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.
[0198] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node enables the second serving gateway to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second serving gateway.
[0199] In an implementation of the fourteenth aspect, for execution of the method to remove the second forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated.
[0200] In an implementation of the fourteenth aspect, the method constitutes an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the second serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0201] The second serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the removal, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the second forwarding rule.
[0202] In an implementation of the fourteenth aspect, the fourth removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0203] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the second serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0204] In an implementation of the fourteenth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0205] In an implementation of the fourteenth aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed at the second serving gateway.
[0206] According to a fifteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a first activation instruction from a second node. The first activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The first activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection. The method further includes: in response to receiving the first activation instruction, instructing the first serving gateway to activate the first connection.
[0207] Upon receiving the first activation instruction, the first node can effectively and accurately determine the first connection for the third node, so as to trigger the activation of the first connection between the first serving gateway and the third node.
[0208] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, the first activation instruction further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node, authentication information for protecting the first connection; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0209] The identification information for identifying the third node may be used to determine the NC for which the first connection is to be activated. The authentication information can be used to activate the first connection in a protected manner, so the reliability and security of network system can be improved. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway enables the first node to determine the first serving gateway.
[0210] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, the method further includes transmitting a second activation instruction to the first serving gateway. The second activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to activate the first connection.
[0211] By transmitting the second activation instruction from the first node to the first serving gateway, the first serving gateway can effectively trigger the activation of the first connection.
[0212] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, for execution of the method to instruct activation of the first connection, a first forwarding rule for the first connection has been established at the first serving gateway, and a second forwarding rule for the first connection has been established at a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0213] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, the method constitutes an action to instruct activation of the first connection. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0214] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the instructing, so as to improve the efficiency of the action “receiving of instruction on activation of NC-Ext connection” and realize the automation of subsequent activation of NC-Ext connection.
[0215] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0216] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been instructed to activate the first connection.
[0217] According to a sixteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first serving gateway. The method includes receiving a third activation instruction from a second node. The third activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The third activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0218] Upon receiving the third activation instruction, the first serving gateway can effectively and accurately determine the first connection for the third node, so as to support the activation of the first connection.
[0219] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the third activation instruction further includes / indicates one or more: identification information for identifying the third node, authentication information for protecting the first connection; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0220] The identification information for identifying the third node may be used by the first serving gateway to determine the NC for which the first connection is to be activated. The authentication information can be used to activate the first connection in a protected manner, so the reliability and security of network system can be improved. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway.
[0221] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, for execution of the method to instruct activation of the first connection, a first forwarding rule for the first connection has been established at the first serving gateway, and a second forwarding rule for the first connection has been established at a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0222] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the method constitutes an action to instruct activation of the first connection. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0223] The first serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception, so as to improve the efficiency of the action “receiving of instruction on activation of NC-Ext connection” and realize the automation of subsequent activation of NC-Ext connection.
[0224] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0225] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been instructed to activate the first connection.
[0226] According to a seventeenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a second node. The method includes transmitting an activation instruction. The activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0227] The first serving gateway is directly or indirectly instructed by the activation instruction from the second node, the trigger of the activation of the first connection by the first serving gateway can be realized in various manners, thereby effectively and flexibly managing the communication over the first connection.
[0228] In an implementation of the seventeenth aspect, the activation instruction further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node, authentication information for protecting the first connection; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0229] The identification information for identifying the third node may be used by the first serving gateway to determine the NC for which the first connection is to be activated. The authentication information can be used to activate the first connection in a protected manner, so the reliability and security of network system can be improved. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway.
[0230] In an implementation of the seventeenth aspect, the activation instruction is a first activation instruction transmitted to a first node, or a third activation instruction transmitted to the first serving gateway.
[0231] According to an eighteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first serving gateway. The method includes receiving an activation instruction. The activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, and the activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection. The method further includes: in response to receiving the activation instruction, activating the first connection.
[0232] Upon receiving the activation instruction, the first serving gateway can determine the first connection for the third node based on the first information. In this way, the first serving gateway can request the third node to activate the first connection, thus ensuring the normal work of the first connection, and improving the efficiency of communication between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0233] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, the activation instruction further includes / indicates one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node, authentication information for protecting the first connection; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0234] The identification information for identifying the third node may be used by the first serving gateway to determine the NC for which the first connection is to be activated. The authentication information can be used to activate the first connection in a protected manner, so the reliability and security of network system can be improved. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway.
[0235] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, the activation instruction is a second activation instruction received from a first node, or a third activation instruction received from a second node.
[0236] In this way, the activation of the first connection can be triggered by different nodes and is thus more flexible.
[0237] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, activating the first connection includes: transmitting a fourth activation instruction to the third node. The fourth activation instruction is configured to notify the third node of the first connection.
[0238] By transmitting the fourth activation instruction by the first serving gateway to the third node, the third node may update its local mapping between traffic and the first connection, thereby enabling the third node to access the external network through the first connection.
[0239] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, the fourth activation instruction includes / indicates the first information for identifying the first connection.
[0240] Inclusion of the first information for identifying the first connection enables the third node to identify the first connection, which may facilitate the subsequent communication over the first connection.
[0241] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, the method constitutes an action to activate the first connection. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by a second node.
[0242] The first serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the activation, so as to improve the efficiency of the activation of the first connection and realize the automation of the activation of the first connection.
[0243] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0244] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, after execution of the method, the first connection has been activated.
[0245] According to a nineteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a third node. The method includes receiving a fourth activation instruction from a first serving gateway. The fourth activation instruction is configured to inform the third node of a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and the third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the fourth activation instruction, maintaining the first connection.
[0246] Based on the received fourth activation instruction, the third node can effectively and accurately maintain the first connection, thus ensuring the normal work of the first connection, and improving the efficiency of the third node to access the external network.
[0247] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the fourth activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0248] Inclusion of the first information for identifying the first connection enables the third node to identify the first connection, which may facilitate the subsequent communication over the first connection.
[0249] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the method further includes establishing a mapping between incoming traffic and the first connection, and / or, a mapping between outgoing traffic and the first connection.
[0250] Based on the received fourth activation instruction, the third node can effectively and accurately maintain the first connection by establishing the mapping, thus ensuring the normal work of the first connection, and improving the efficiency of the third node to access the external network.
[0251] According to a twentieth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a first de-activation instruction from a second node. The first de-activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to de-activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The first de-activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection. The method further includes: in response to receiving the first de-activation instruction, instructing the first serving gateway to de-activate the first connection.
[0252] Upon receiving the first de-activation instruction, the first node can effectively and accurately determine the first connection for the third node, so as to trigger the de-activation of the first connection between the first serving gateway and the third node.
[0253] In an implementation of the twentieth aspect, the first de-activation instruction further includes / indicates identification information for identifying the third node. The identification information for identifying the third node may be used to determine the NC for which the first connection is to be de-activated.
[0254] In an implementation of the twentieth aspect, the method further includes transmitting a second de-activation instruction to the first serving gateway. The second de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to de-activate the first connection.
[0255] By transmitting the second de-activation instruction from the first node to the first serving gateway, the first serving gateway can effectively trigger the de-activation of the first connection.
[0256] In an implementation of the twentieth aspect, for execution of the method to instruct de-activation of the first connection, one or more of the following conditions are met: a communication between the third node and the fourth node has been completed; absence of activity on the first connection for a pre-defined time interval; or the third node has been removed.
[0257] In an implementation of the twentieth aspect, the method constitutes an action to instruct de-activation of the first connection. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0258] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the instructing, so as to improve the efficiency of the action “receiving of instruction on de-activation of NC-Ext connection” and realize the automation of subsequent de-activation of NC-Ext connection.
[0259] In an implementation of the twentieth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0260] In an implementation of the twentieth aspect, after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been instructed to de-activate the first connection.
[0261] According to a twenty-first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first serving gateway. The method includes receiving a third de-activation instruction from a second node. The third de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to de-activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The third de-activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0262] Upon receiving the third de-activation instruction, the first serving gateway can effectively and accurately determine the first connection for the third node, so as to support the de-activation of the first connection.
[0263] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, the third de-activation instruction further includes / indicates identification information for identifying the third node. The identification information for identifying the third node may be used by the first serving gateway to determine the NC for which the first connection is to be de-activated.
[0264] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, for execution of the method to instruct de-activation of the first connection, one or more of the following conditions are met: a communication between the third node and the fourth node has been completed; absence of activity on the first connection for a pre-defined time interval; or the third node has been removed.
[0265] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, the method constitutes an action to instruct de-activation of the first connection. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections. The action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0266] The first serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception, so as to improve the efficiency of the action “receiving of instruction on de-activation of NC-Ext connection” and realize the automation of subsequent de-activation of NC-Ext connection.
[0267] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0268] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been instructed to de-activate the first connection.
[0269] According to a twenty-second aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a second node. The method includes transmitting a de-activation instruction. The de-activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to de-activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The de-activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0270] The first serving gateway is directly or indirectly instructed by the de-activation instruction from the second node, the trigger of the de-activation of the first connection by the first serving gateway can be realized in various manners, thereby effectively and flexibly managing the communication over the first connection.
[0271] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the de-activation instruction further includes / indicates identification information for identifying the third node. The identification information for identifying the third node may be used by the first serving gateway to determine the NC for which the first connection is to be de-activated.
[0272] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the de-activation instruction is a first de-activation instruction transmitted to a first node, or a third de-activation instruction transmitted to the first serving gateway.
[0273] According to a twenty-third aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a first serving gateway. The method includes de-activating a first connection when a trigger condition is met. The first connection is between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network.
[0274] When the trigger condition is met, the first serving gateway can request the third node to de-activate the first connection, thus ensuring the normal work of the first connection, and improving the efficiency of communication between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0275] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, de-activating the first connection includes: transmitting a fourth de-activation instruction to the third node. The fourth de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the third node to de-activate the first connection by removing a mapping between a first information for identifying the first connection and incoming traffic from the external network over the first connection, and / or, a mapping between a first information for identifying the first connection and outgoing traffic to the external network over the first connection.
[0276] By transmitting the fourth de-activation instruction by the first serving gateway to the third node, the third node may remove its local mapping between traffic and the first connection, thereby stopping the third node to access the external network through the first connection.
[0277] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, the fourth de-activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0278] Inclusion of the first information for identifying the first connection enables the first serving gateway to identify the first connection, which may facilitate the de-activation of the first connection.
[0279] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, the trigger condition includes at least one of: receiving a de-activation instruction, when a communication between the third node and the fourth node has been completed, absence of activity on the first connection for a pre-defined time interval, and when the third node has been removed. The de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to de-activate the first connection.
[0280] When the trigger condition is satisfied, the first serving gateway can be configured to de-activate the first connection in various manner, the de-activation of the first connection is thus more flexible and network resource allocation and management can be optimized.
[0281] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, the de-activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0282] Inclusion of the first information for identifying the first connection enables the first serving gateway to identify the first connection, which may facilitate the de-activation of the first connection.
[0283] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, the de-activation instruction further includes / indicates identification information for identifying the third node. Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node.
[0284] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, when the trigger condition includes receiving a de-activation instruction, the de-activation instruction is a second de-activation instruction received from a first node, or a third de-activation instruction received from a second node.
[0285] In this way, the de-activation of the first connection can be triggered by different nodes and is thus more flexible.
[0286] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, the method constitutes an action to de-activate the first connection. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by a second node.
[0287] The first serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the de-activation, so as to improve the efficiency of the de-activation of first connection and realize the automation of the de-activation of first connection.
[0288] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0289] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, after execution of the method, the first connection is de-activated
[0290] According to a twenty-fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for managing network connections is disclosed that is applied to a third node. The method includes receiving a fourth de-activation instruction from a first serving gateway. The fourth de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the third node to remove a mapping between a first information for identifying a first connection, and incoming or outgoing traffic from / to an external network over the first connection. The first connection is between the first serving gateway and the third node, and the first serving gateway connected to a fourth node in the external network. The method further includes: in response to receiving the fourth de-activation instruction, removing the mapping.
[0291] Based on the received fourth de-activation instruction, the third node can effectively and accurately remove the mapping between the first connection and the traffic, thereby stopping the third node to access the external network through the first connection.
[0292] In an implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect, the fourth de-activation instruction includes / indicates the first information.
[0293] Inclusion of the first information for identifying the first connection enables the first serving gateway to identify the first connection, which may facilitate the de-activation of the first connection.
[0294] According to a twenty-fifth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive an assignment request from a second node. The assignment request includes a request to assign a first information for identifying a first connection. The first connection is between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The assignment request includes / indicates a second information related to the third node and a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to determine the first serving gateway based on the third information, and assign the first information to the first connection.
[0295] According to a twenty-sixth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a removal request from a second node. The removal request includes a request to remove a first information, the first information assigned to a first connection for identifying the first connection. The first connection is between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The removal request includes / indicates a second information related to the third node. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to remove the first information in response to receiving the removal request.
[0296] According to a twenty-seventh aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a first establishment request from a second node. The first establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to enable, in response to receiving the first establishment request, the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule.
[0297] According to a twenty-eighth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to establish the first forwarding rule in response to receiving the message.
[0298] According to a twenty-ninth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a second establishment request from a second node. The second establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to establish the first forwarding rule in response to receiving the second establishment request.
[0299] According to a thirtieth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a first removal request from a second node. The first removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule, the first forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to enable, in response to receiving the first removal request, the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule.
[0300] According to a thirty-first aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to remove the first forwarding rule in response to receiving the message.
[0301] According to a thirty-second aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a second removal request from a second node. The second removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule, the first forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to remove the first forwarding rule in response to receiving the second establishment request.
[0302] According to a thirty-third aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a third establishment request from a second node. The third establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to enable, in response to receiving the third establishment request, a second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule. The second serving gateway is connected to the third node.
[0303] According to a thirty-fourth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to establish the second forwarding rule in response to receiving the message.
[0304] According to a thirty-fifth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a fourth establishment request from a second node. The fourth establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to establish the second forwarding rule in response to receiving the fourth establishment request.
[0305] According to a thirty-sixth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a third removal request from a second node. The third removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to enable, in response to receiving the third removal request, a second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule. The second serving gateway is connected to the third node.
[0306] According to a thirty-seventh aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to remove a second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to remove, in response to receiving the message, the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0307] According to a thirty-eighth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a fourth removal request from a second node. The fourth removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to remove, in response to receiving the fourth removal request, the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0308] According to a thirty-ninth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a first activation instruction from a second node. The first activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The first activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to instruct, in response to receiving the first activation instruction, the first serving gateway to activate the first connection.
[0309] According to a fortieth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a third activation instruction from a second node. The third activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The third activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0310] According to a forty-first aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a transmitting module configured to transmit an activation instruction. The activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0311] According to a forty-second aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive an activation instruction. The activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, and the activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to activate the first connection.
[0312] According to a forty-third aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a fourth activation instruction from a first serving gateway. The fourth activation instruction is configured to inform the third node of a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and the third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to maintain the first connection in response to receiving the fourth activation instruction.
[0313] According to a forty-fourth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a first de-activation instruction from a second node. The first de-activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to de-activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The first de-activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to instruct, in response to receiving the first de-activation instruction, the first serving gateway to de-activate the first connection.
[0314] According to a forty-fifth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a third de-activation instruction from a second node. The third de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to de-activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The third de-activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0315] According to a forty-sixth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a transmitting module configured to transmit a de-activation instruction. The de-activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to de-activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The de-activation instruction includes / indicates a first information for identifying the first connection.
[0316] According to a forty-seventh aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a processing module configured to de-activate a first connection when a trigger condition is met. The first connection is between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network.
[0317] According to a forty-eighth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a fourth de-activation instruction from a first serving gateway. The fourth de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the third node to remove a mapping between a first information for identifying a first connection, and incoming or outgoing traffic from / to an external network over the first connection. The first connection is between the first serving gateway and the third node, and the first serving gateway connected to a fourth node in the external network. The apparatus further includes: a processing module configured to remove the mapping in response to receiving the fourth de-activation instruction.
[0318] According to a forty-ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a system is disclosed. The system includes apparatuses configured to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect, according to the thirteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the thirteenth aspect, according to the fourteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourteenth aspect, according to the fifteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifteenth aspect, according to the sixteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixteenth aspect, according to the seventeenth aspect or any possible implementation of the seventeenth aspect, according to the eighteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighteenth aspect, according to the nineteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the nineteenth aspect, according to the twentieth aspect or any possible implementation of the twentieth aspect, according to the twenty-first aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-first aspect, according to the twenty-second aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-second aspect, according to the twenty-third aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-third aspect, or according to the twenty-fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect.
[0319] According to a fiftieth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect, according to the thirteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the thirteenth aspect, according to the fourteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourteenth aspect, according to the fifteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifteenth aspect, according to the sixteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixteenth aspect, according to the seventeenth aspect or any possible implementation of the seventeenth aspect, according to the eighteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighteenth aspect, according to the nineteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the nineteenth aspect, according to the twentieth aspect or any possible implementation of the twentieth aspect, according to the twenty-first aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-first aspect, according to the twenty-second aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-second aspect, according to the twenty-third aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-third aspect, or according to the twenty-fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect
[0320] According to a fifty-first aspect of the present disclosure, a computing device cluster is disclosed. The computing device cluster includes a processing circuitry for performing the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect, according to the thirteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the thirteenth aspect, according to the fourteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourteenth aspect, according to the fifteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifteenth aspect, according to the sixteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixteenth aspect, according to the seventeenth aspect or any possible implementation of the seventeenth aspect, according to the eighteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighteenth aspect, according to the nineteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the nineteenth aspect, according to the twentieth aspect or any possible implementation of the twentieth aspect, according to the twenty-first aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-first aspect, according to the twenty-second aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-second aspect, according to the twenty-third aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-third aspect, or according to the twenty-fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect.
[0321] According to a fifty-second aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is disclosed. The computer program product includes computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect, according to the thirteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the thirteenth aspect, according to the fourteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourteenth aspect, according to the fifteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifteenth aspect, according to the sixteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixteenth aspect, according to the seventeenth aspect or any possible implementation of the seventeenth aspect, according to the eighteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighteenth aspect, according to the nineteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the nineteenth aspect, according to the twentieth aspect or any possible implementation of the twentieth aspect, according to the twenty-first aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-first aspect, according to the twenty-second aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-second aspect, according to the twenty-third aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-third aspect, or according to the twenty-fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect.
[0322] According to a fifty-third aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program is disclosed. The computer program includes computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect, according to the thirteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the thirteenth aspect, according to the fourteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourteenth aspect, according to the fifteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifteenth aspect, according to the sixteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixteenth aspect, according to the seventeenth aspect or any possible implementation of the seventeenth aspect, according to the eighteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighteenth aspect, according to the nineteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the nineteenth aspect, according to the twentieth aspect or any possible implementation of the twentieth aspect, according to the twenty-first aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-first aspect, according to the twenty-second aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-second aspect, according to the twenty-third aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-third aspect, or according to the twenty-fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect.
[0323] According to a fifty-fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable medium is disclosed. The computer-readable medium includes computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect, according to the thirteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the thirteenth aspect, according to the fourteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourteenth aspect, according to the fifteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifteenth aspect, according to the sixteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixteenth aspect, according to the seventeenth aspect or any possible implementation of the seventeenth aspect, according to the eighteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighteenth aspect, according to the nineteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the nineteenth aspect, according to the twentieth aspect or any possible implementation of the twentieth aspect, according to the twenty-first aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-first aspect, according to the twenty-second aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-second aspect, according to the twenty-third aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-third aspect, or according to the twenty-fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect.
[0324] According to a fifty-fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a chip is disclosed. The chip includes an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor. The processor is configured to call and run computer execution instructions stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect, according to the thirteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the thirteenth aspect, according to the fourteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourteenth aspect, according to the fifteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifteenth aspect, according to the sixteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixteenth aspect, according to the seventeenth aspect or any possible implementation of the seventeenth aspect, according to the eighteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighteenth aspect, according to the nineteenth aspect or any possible implementation of the nineteenth aspect, according to the twentieth aspect or any possible implementation of the twentieth aspect, according to the twenty-first aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-first aspect, according to the twenty-second aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-second aspect, according to the twenty-third aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-third aspect, or according to the twenty-fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0325] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the present disclosure together with the following specific embodiments, but should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
[0326] FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a 6G system conceptual structure according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0327] FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a deployment of a 6G system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0328] FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic illustration of an example apparatus in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0329] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic illustration of a network capability (NC) or a service, Network for Connection (NET4CON) , according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0330] FIG. 5 shows example connections between NCs and an external network in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0331] FIG. 6 shows a schematic flowchart of a method to assign an NC-Ext connection identifier (ID) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0332] FIG. 7 shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove an NC-Ext connection ID according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0333] FIG. 8A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a first forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0334] FIG. 8B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to establish a first forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0335] FIG. 9A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a first forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0336] FIG. 9B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to remove a first forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0337] FIG. 10A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a second forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0338] FIG. 10B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to establish a second forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0339] FIG. 11A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a second forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0340] FIG. 11B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to remove a second forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0341] FIG. 12A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to instruct activation of an NC-Ext connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0342] FIG. 12B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to instruct activation of an NC-Ext connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0343] FIG. 13A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to activate a first connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0344] FIG. 13B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to activate a first connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0345] FIG. 14A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to instruct de-activation of an NC-Ext connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0346] FIG. 14B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to instruct de-activation of an NC-Ext connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0347] FIG. 15A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to de-activate a first connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0348] FIG. 15B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to de-activate a first connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0349] FIG. 16A shows a schematic flowchart of an example method including related actions of NET4CON service.
[0350] FIG. 16B shows an example procedure for establishment of an NC-Ext connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0351] FIG. 17 to FIG. 40 show block diagrams of apparatuses according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.
[0352] FIG. 41 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0353] FIG. 42 shows a schematic diagram of an architecture of a computing device cluster according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0354] FIG. 43 shows a schematic diagram of a connection between computing devices over a network according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0355] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure or specific aspects in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be used. It is understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in other aspects and include structural or logical changes not depicted in the figures. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
[0356] An evolutionary solution of a sixth generation (6G) system architecture design and procedure design are described in the present application. The evolutionary solution is designed by enhancement of 5G system.
[0357] The proposed 6G network architecture has been designed with a few important principles and requirements: openness, trustworthiness, simplicity in standardization, scalability, rapid deployment of 6G networks and future-proofing.
[0358] The proposed 6G network architecture design applies modularization strategy, utilizes service-based (XaaS) concepts and network virtualization techniques.
[0359] For all of the procedure designs, modularization of procedures is being tried. A procedure of the 6G system may include some procedures that can be reused by other procedures. Such a reusable procedure is defined as a basic procedure.
[0360] A complex procedure can, thus, include a plurality of sequential or parallel basic procedures. It is expected that such methodology can simplify designs of procedures.
[0361] The 6G system leverages service-based architecture and XaaS concept. XaaS services in the 6G system are categorized into three layers. The 6G system conceptual structure is shown in FIG. 1.
[0362] Infrastructure layer includes infrastructures supporting 6G services. Among them are wireless networks (Radio access network (RAN) , core network (CN) ) infrastructures, cloud / data center infrastructures, satellite networks, storage / database infrastructures, and sensing networks, and etc. These infrastructures can be provided by a single provider or by a plurality of providers.
[0363] FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a 6G system conceptual structure according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, in FIG. 1, each XaaS service is provided by identified 5G logical functions. In the evolutionary solution, an XaaS service can be provided with 5G enhancement by multiple approaches. The aforementioned figure (FIG. 1) is only an example.
[0364] In the 6G System conceptual structure: -Network for artificial intelligence (AI) (NET4AI) is a new type of service in 6G CN / RAN which enables network with the capability to conduct / execute AI training / inferencing task (s) . i.e., AI task (s) , by network-based computing and communication resources. In this application, the evolutionary solution to support NET4AI service by enhancing the network data analytics function (NWDAF) in 5G system are described. -A NET4Data service provides a decentralized architecture for data stakeholders to collaboratively manage data lifecycle events. These data lifecycle events include data storage and data sharing. The data could be public, private, sensitive and confidential. In the present application, the NET4Data service could be integrated into the 5GS, or could be enhanced by the 5GS. -Data analysis and management (DAM) focuses on different types of data: network data (e.g., data collected from network functions, XaaS service) , integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) data (3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from UE and RAN) , Non-3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from Radar, LiDAR, WiFi Sensing) , sensor data (e.g., data from camera sensor, video sensor) , and other data (e.g., Digital user data, 3rd party data, synthetization data, and AI data) . DAM provides services for a variety of data consumers, e.g., XaaS service, 3rd party, NF, UE, etc. 5G system logical functions for example: an NWDAF, a data center cooling facility (DCCF) , and a messaging framework adaptor function (MFAF) of control plane can be enhanced to support the DAM service in an evolutionary solution. -Network for Digital World (NET4DW) as a service provides the capability of intelligent integration / synthesis of information from the physical world and digital world (DW) . Customers of NET4DW can be individuals, industries, governments. The customers can have the capability of creation, control, and management of a variety of applications running in the DW such as virtual reality applications. DW services can be supported by enhancing 5G functions and adding new functions (e.g., an evolutionary solution) where necessary. -Network for connectivity (NET4CON) as a service provides a capability to support exchange of messages and data among new 6G services. The basic capabilities of NET4CON include to manage logical topology among XaaS services and between 6G XaaS services and all types of 6G system customers, to introduce intelligent GWs for controlling dynamic forwarding based on configured procedure principle and to support anonymous interactions among these XaaS services and customers by the introduced intelligent GWs. The NET4CON service is provided by enhancement of 5G system. -Mission Management (MM) as a service provides a capability to program provisioning of XaaS services at service layer to provide mission services. A mission is to achieve a designated goal, known as mission goal, which includes providing PDU connectivity and may also provide data processing. The MM services include the following: mission information management service, mission session management service, mission execution and access management service. -Resource Management (RM) as a service provides a capability of life-cycle management of a variety of slices and over-the-air resource assignment to wireless devices. -Service Provisioning Management (SPM) as a service provides a capability of control and management of 6G service access by customers and provisioning of requested services. The capability is provided by ID management, unified authentication, anonymous service authorization and key management. -Connectivity Management (CM) as a service provides a capability of reachability management of 6G wireless devices and D-users in NET4DW in order to support connectivity establishment between wireless devices / D-Users and XaaS services of 6G System. Note that physical locations of D-Users can be changed. A CM service can be deployed across a plurality of basic architecture structure (BAS) domains. -Protocol as a service provides a capability to design service customized protocol stacks for identified interfaces.
[0365] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of deployment of the 6G system in an evolutionary solution.
[0366] The symbol “+” represents “enhanced” , for example, the 5G AMF-mobility function is enhanced, denoted as AMF-Mobility+, the 5G RRC function is enhanced, denoted as RRC+, the 5G network repository function (NRF) is enhanced, denoted as NRF+, the 5G session management function (SMF) is enhanced, denoted as SMF+, the 5G network exposure function (NEF) is enhanced, denoted as NEF+, the 5G authentication server function (AUSF) is enhanced, denoted as AUSF+, other enhanced functions are not described in detail herein.
[0367] C / M Radio Bearer (C / M RB) of a 6G device: over-the-air connection for carrying control signaling for over-the-air interface management and C / M plane messages. A 6G device can have a plurality of C / M RBs.
[0368] Data Radio Bearer (Data RB) of a 6G device: over-the-air connection for carrying data plane traffic. A 6G device can have a plurality of Data RBs.
[0369] RB endpoint: endpoint of an RB at network side. An endpoint of an RB protocol stack (e.g., PDCP) can be in, e.g., a RAN BAS domain, but not limited to. In other words, an RB endpoint can be flexibly deployed / selected for a device.
[0370] RB handler: over-the-air interface protocol stack handler. An RB handler is defined as a logical function which perform RB protocol stack operations after getting configurations. A protocol handler is PDCP-only handler or whole protocol stack handler. An RB handler accepts RB configuration from connectivity management (CM) service. An RB handler also accepts security configuration, e.g., keying material, from service provisioning management (SPM) service.
[0371] The NET4CON service which is a main service impacting on 6G system architecture is implemented by enhanced 5G service communication proxy (SCP+) as a C / M plane GW and enhanced 5G user plane function (UPF+) as a data plane GW. Proposed per device / D-User C / M session and data session are defined as logical connections between a device / D-User and its serving SCP+ (C / M-TW-GW) and serving UPF+ (Data-TW-GW) . All XaaS services are deployed across a plurality of BAS / clouds.
[0372] The 6G customer can be of various types, including a device (e.g., electronic device (ED) , terminal device) , apparatus, a chip, an equipment (e.g., user equipment) , etc. For example, the customer may be an individual customer, a business customer, etc. The 6G customer is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The 6G customer may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type-communication (MTC) , internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0373] Each 6G customer represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. module, modem, or chip) or including the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation 6G customer may be referred to using other terms. When a 6G customer performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0374] FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic illustration of an example of an apparatus in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus 320 in a communication system (e.g., a future generation network architecture illustrated in FIG. 2) . The apparatus 320 may be a UE, a network node such as the access network (AN) , any components in the AN, the CN or any network function of the CN (AMF+, SMF+ or any other network functions illustrated in FIG. 2) . As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus 320 may include at least one processor 260. Only one processor 260 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The processor 260 may perform (or control the apparatus 320 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 320.
[0375] When the apparatus is the AN, component (s) of the AN or the apparatus is the UE, the apparatus 320 may further include a transmitter 252 and a receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0376] The apparatus 320 may include at least one memory 258. The memory 258 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the one or more processors 260.
[0377] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0378] In a 6G system, both new 6G XaaS services (also referred to as data XaaS services) and network C / M XaaS services are categorized as basic XaaS services. An XaaS service (which is also referred to as service herein) is defined as an NC. The NCs at the C / M layer may be referred to as C / M NCs, and the NCs at the service layer may be referred to as data NCs. In an implementation, there is at least one basic architecture structure (BAS) domain (which is also referred to as a NET4CON domain below) in the 6G system, and each of the at least one BAS domain can be controlled and managed by at least one NET4CON service. FIG. 4 illustrates a structural schematic of the NET4CON service architecture in which there are two BAS domains. For purposes of the present disclosure, only a case where a single BAS domain is controlled and managed by a single NET4CON service is considered, however, it should be noted that this case is only an example, and other examples or implementations within the scope of the present disclosure are possible.
[0379] For a NET4CON service in a BAS domain (NET4CON domain shown in FIG. 4) , there is a C / M function (NET4CON C / M function shown in FIG. 4) and a plurality of gateways (GWs) in the BAS domain. In each BAS domain, the C / M function is responsible for management of all of GWs. The GWs include one or more control / management plane trustworthy gateways (C / M-TW-GWs) and one or more data plane trustworthy gateways (Data-TW-GWs) . As shown in FIG. 4, the C / M function is communicatively connected to the GWs, and configured to control operations of the GWs. In an implementation, at least one of the one or more C / M-TW-GWs is communicatively connected to a C / M function entity of an XaaS service and configured to interact with the C / M function entity on a control and management plane. In an implementation, at least one of the one or more Data-TW-GWs is communicatively connected to a data function entity of the XaaS service, and configured to interact with the data function entity on a data plane. Based on configuration from the C / M function, each of the one or more C / M-TW-GWs is responsible for C / M plane traffic forwarding / routing, and each of the one or more Data-TW-GWs is responsible for data plane traffic forwarding / routing.
[0380] For example, the C / M function in the BAS domain controls and manages topology of the BAS domain, e.g., logical connections between XaaS services (not shown in FIG. 4) and GWs (including C / M-TW-GWs and Data-TW-GWs) in such a domain. The XaaS services have their own C / M function entities (for realizing C / M functions of XaaS service modules) and data function entities (for realizing data processing functions of XaaS service modules) in the same BAS domain as the C / M function. The C / M-TW-GW, under control of the C / M function in the BAS domain, provides capabilities to connect the C / M function entities of XaaS services in the BAS domain, so as to enable anonymous and secured C / M plane interaction among XaaS services following authorization profiles of XaaS services. The Data-TW-GW under control of the C / M function in the BAS domain provides capabilities to connect the data function entities of XaaS services, so as to enable anonymous and secured data plane interaction among XaaS services to manage assured service performance.
[0381] In an implementation, in a case where there are multiple BAS domains in a 6G system, multiple NET4CON services are provided in the multiple BAS domains. Referring to FIG. 4, the 6G system includes two NET4CON domains, and a NET4CON service is provided in each of the two NET4CON domains, so there are two NET4CON services in FIG. 4. These NET4CON domains have interconnections between them. The connectivity between the two NET4CON services can be that, for example, a C / M-TW-GW of a first NET4CON service in the first BAS domain can be communicatively connected to a C / M-TW-GW of a second NET4CON service in the second BAS domain, and a Data-TW-GW of the first NET4CON service in the first BAS domain can be communicatively connected to a Data-TW-GW of the second NET4CON service in the second BAS domain, and a C / M function of the first NET4CON service in the first BAS domain can be communicatively connected to a C / M function of the second NET4CON service in the second BAS domain. In an implementation, some of the multiple BAS domains have some gateways (GWs) to connect with external networks, and these gateways can be referred to as external gateways. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the first BAS domain includes external gateways such as Ext-C / M-TW-GW and Ext-Data-TW-GW.
[0382] The aforementioned NET4CON service is used for management of connections of future generation communication system (e.g., 6G) network capabilities (NCs) and customers / devices. The connections of the future generation NCs and the customers / devices may include a few types of following logical connections.
[0383] Type 1: Device-NC connection: A logical connection between a device and an NC (entity) .
[0384] Type 2: Device-External (device-Ext) connection: A logical connection between a device and a Data-TW-GW which has connection with external network (s) . Such a Data-TW-GW is denoted as an Ext-Data-TW-GW. This Device-External connection is used to carry traffic originated from the device to the external network (s) , or traffic designated to the device from the external network (s) .
[0385] Type 3: Data plane NC-NC connections: A logical connection between two data plane NCs (which are also referred to as Data NCs shown in FIG. 5 below) .
[0386] Type 4: NC-External (NC-Ext) connection: A logical connection between an NC and a gateway (e.g., C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW) which has connection with external network (s) . Such a gateway is denoted as an external gateway (e.g., Ext-C / M-TW-GW or Ext-Data-TW-GW) . This logical connection is used for exchanging information or data between the NC and an external entity in the external networks.
[0387] In an implementation, the NC-Ext connection can be categorized as a data NC-Ext connection or a C / M NC-Ext connection. The data NC-Ext connection is a logical connection between an NC and a Data-TW-GW connected to an external entity on a data plane. The C / M NC-Ext connection is a logical connection between an NC and a C / M-TW-GW connected to an external network on a C / M plane. For ease of understanding, FIG. 5 shows example connections between NCs and an external network in a communication system. As shown in FIG. 5, a data function entity of a Data NC (e.g., Data NC1 or Data NC2 at the service layer) is communicatively connected to the external networks via one or more Data-TW-GWs on the data plane. Similarly, a C / M function entity of a C / M NC (e.g., C / M NC1 or C / M NC 2 at the service layer or the C / M layer) is communicatively connected to the external networks via one or more C / M-TW-GWs on the C / M plane. For the data NC-Ext connection, a Data-TW-GW connected to the external networks can be denoted as an external Data-TW-GW, such as Ext-Data-TW-GW shown in FIG. 5. A Data-TW-GW connected to the data NC can be denoted as an anchor Data-TW-GW, such as Data-TW-GW shown in FIG. 5. For the C / M NC-Ext connection, a C / M-TW-GW connected to the external networks can be denoted as an external C / M-TW-GW, and a C / M-TW-GW connected to the C / M NC can be denoted as an anchor C / M-TW-GW. In an implementation, the external Data-TW-GW and the anchor Data-TW-GW can be the same. In an implementation, the external C / M-TW-GW and the anchor C / M-TW-GW can be the same. For example, in FIG. 5, the (Ext) C / M-TW-GW serves as the external C / M-TW-GW and the anchor C / M-TW-GW for both C / M NC1 and C / M NC2. In a possible implementation, when the external GW and the anchor GW of the NC are different, a connection between them can be referred to as an inter-GW session.
[0388] Regarding the connections of the device, the aforementioned type 1 and type 2 connections can be included. The following outlines different connections related to the device, including but not limited to the followings: 1) Device CN-C / M RB: an RB between a wireless device and its serving RAN (Cell, RB handler) that carries C / M session traffic; 2) Device CN-data RB: an RB between a wireless device and its serving RAN (Cell, RB handler) that carries data session traffic; 3) Device RAN-C / M RB: an RB between a wireless device and its serving RAN that carries RAN related C / M traffic; 4) Device RAN-data RB: an RB between a wireless device and its serving RAN that carries RAN related data traffic; 5) Device data session: a logical connection between a device and its serving Data-TW-GW, e.g., Data-TW-GW-1; 6) Device C / M session: a logical connection between a device and its serving C / M-TW-GW, e.g., C / M-TW-GW-1; 7) C / M NC connection (can also be referred to as C / M plane NC connection) : a logical connection between a device and an NC (which may be at the C / M layer or the service layer) , the logical connection between the device and the NC is on the C / M plane; 8) Data NC connection (can also be referred to as data plane NC connection) : a logical connection between a device and a data NC (which may be at the service layer) , the logical connection between the device and the NC is on the data plane; 9) Device-external (device-ext) connection: a logical connection between a device and an entity, e.g., a server, located in external networks. A GW that has connection with external networks is an Ext-Data-TW-GW, e.g., Ext-Data-TW-GW in FIG. 5. The network needs to establish a tunnel between the device and an Ext-GW to support a device-Ext connection.
[0389] The C / M NC connection and the Data NC connection are the aforementioned type 1 connections, and the C / M NC connection and the data NC connection can be collectively as the device-NC connection.
[0390] In an implementation, each of the aforementioned connections is used to carry control / data traffic; and can be a downlink connection or an uplink connection. In addition to the connections, there may also be downlink and uplink RBs related to the wireless device, as well as downlink and uplink sessions related to the wireless device.
[0391] With respect to the RBs between the device and the RAN, the RBs generally include device CN RB and device RAN RB. The device CN RB includes the aforementioned device CN-C / M RB and device CN-data RB, and the device RAN RB includes the aforementioned device RAN-C / M RB and device RAN-data RB. From the perspective of directions, the RB may be a downlink RB from the RAN to a wireless device or an uplink RB from the wireless device to the RAN, so the RB can be of a downlink type or an uplink type. The downlink and uplink RB may be referred to as a pair of RBs. From the perspective of traffic types, the RB could be a C / M RB for carrying control signaling traffic on the C / M plane or a data RB for carrying data traffic on the data plane. Therefore, the RB can be of a C / M type or a data type. From the perspective of traffic destinations, the RB may be referred to as a RAN-RB or a CN-RB. The RAN-RB is an RB that carries signaling messages or data traffic between a wireless device and the RAN, and the CN-RB is an RB that carries signaling messages or data traffic between a device and the core network (CN) on the over-the-air interface. Therefore, in this case, the RB can be of a RAN-RB type or a CN-RB type. When combining the aforementioned different perspectives, different types of RBs may include downlink / uplink RAN-C / M RB (RAN-RB for carrying signaling messages on the C / M plane) , downlink / uplink RAN-data RB (RAN-RB for carrying data traffic on the data plane) , downlink / uplink CN-C / M RB (CN-RB for carrying signaling messages on the C / M plane) , downlink / uplink CN-data RB (CN-RB for carrying data traffic on the data plane) . That is, a RAN-RB may be an uplink / downlink RAN-C / M RB or RAN-data RB, a CN-RB could be an uplink / downlink CN C / M RB or CN-data RB; a C / M RB could be an uplink / downlink RAN-C / M RB or uplink / downlink CN-C / M RB, a data RB could be an uplink / downlink RAN-data RB or uplink / downlink CN-data RB.
[0392] With respect to the session related to a wireless device, from the perspective of traffic types, the session could be a C / M session which is a logical connection between a wireless device and its serving C / M-TW-GW for exchanging control signaling on the C / M plane, or a data session which is a logical connection between a device and its serving data-TW-GW for exchanging data on the data plane. Therefore, the session can be of a C / M type or a data type. From the perspective of directions, the session may be a downlink session from a serving GW (serving C / M-TW-GW or serving data-TW-GW) to a wireless device or an uplink session from the wireless device to the serving GW, so the session can be of a downlink type or an uplink type. The downlink and uplink sessions may be referred to as a pair of sessions. When combining the aforementioned different perspectives, different types of sessions may include downlink / uplink C / M session (C / M session for exchanging control signaling on the C / M plane) , or downlink / uplink data session (data session for exchanging data on the data plane) . That is, a session may be an uplink / downlink C / M session or data session.
[0393] With respect to the NC-Ext connection, from the perspective of traffic types, the NC-Ext connection could be a C / M NC-Ext connection or a data NC-Ext connection. Thus, the NC-Ext connection can be of a C / M type or a data type. From the perspective of directions, the NC-Ext connection may be a downlink NC-Ext connection from an entity (C / M entity or data entity) of the NC to an external gateway (Ext-C / M-TW-GW or Ext-Data-TW-GW) , or an uplink NC-Ext connection from the external gateway to the entity of the NC. Therefore, the NC-Ext connection can be of a downlink type or an uplink type, or can be of an output type or an input type. The downlink and uplink NC-Ext connections may be referred to as a pair of NC-Ext connections. When combining the aforementioned different perspectives, different NC connections may be downlink / uplink C / M NC-Ext connections, or downlink / uplink data NC-Ext connections. That is, an NC-Ext connection may be an uplink / downlink C / M NC-Ext connection or data NC-Ext connection. Alternatively, an NC-Ext connection may be an input / output C / M NC-Ext connection or data NC-Ext connection.
[0394] Throughout the text, the anchor gateway of an NC is connected to the NC, and responsible for managing traffic related to the NC. Corresponding forwarding rule (s) can be established at the anchor gateway of the NC, to ensure that incoming traffic can be properly forwarded to the NC, as well as ensuring that outgoing traffic can be properly forwarded from the NC to other NC (s) or device (s) . The anchor C / M gateway of the NC, also referred to as anchor C / M serving gateway of the NC, is responsible for incoming signaling traffic to the NC and outgoing signaling traffic from the NC on the C / M plane. The anchor data gateway of the NC, also referred to as anchor data serving gateway of the NC, is responsible for incoming data traffic to the NC and outgoing data traffic from the NC on the data plane. The serving gateway of a wireless or wireline device is connected to the device, and responsible for managing traffic related to the device. Corresponding forwarding rule (s) can be established at the serving gateway of the device, to ensure that incoming traffic can be properly forwarded to the device, as well as ensuring that outgoing traffic can be properly forwarded from the device to other NC (s) or device (s) . The C / M serving gateway of the device is responsible for incoming signaling traffic to the device and outgoing signaling traffic from the device on the C / M plane. The data serving gateway of the device is responsible for incoming data traffic to the device and outgoing data traffic from the device on the data plane.
[0395] As described above, both new 6G XaaS services and network C / M XaaS services are categorized as basic XaaS services. An XaaS service is defined as an NC. Each of these NCs can provide a single or a group of specific capabilities to enable control and management and service provisioning in the 6G system. An NC can provide one or more sub-services, each sub-service being enabled by one or more basic network capabilities, i.e., actions. Each basic network capability or action could be described in a consistent format, and could be AI / LLM (large language model) friendly (for AI enabled full automation) . Such a consistent format is defined as a network capability description language (NCDL) . In an implementation, an XaaS service can be implemented / achieved through execution of one or more actions corresponding to the XaaS service. The one or more actions are used for reflecting one or more capabilities for implementing a requirement of the service. The one or more actions may correspond to the one or more capabilities one-by-one, or a combination of a plurality of actions may correspond to one capability. For example, considering NET4AI service as an XaaS service, the NET4AI service can provide AI-related services to 6G customers or to other NCs. These AI related services can be enabled by its inference capabilities or sub-services, training capabilities or sub-services, and model management capabilities or sub-services. That is, the requirement for the NET4AI service can include, but are not limited to: a training requirement, an inference requirement, a model management requirement which can be related to storing of a model or a library related to provisioning of the NET4AI service, enhancement / improvement of the model, or the like. For the training requirement, there could be a plurality of algorithms / schemes such as algorithm / scheme A, algorithm / scheme B and algorithm / scheme C for implementing the training requirements. In this case, the plurality of algorithms / schemes can be regarded as a plurality of actions corresponding to the NET4AI service. It should be noted that the algorithm / scheme is just an implementation of the action, and the actions related to a service may be characterized in other different forms or formats.
[0396] The NCDL defines a language that is understood by both parties, i.e., a first NC calling the action and a second NC executing the action that is called by the first NC. The actions may be categorized as follows: Type 1: In-out-action: When this type of action is called, action codes are run based on an input and an output is produced. (Input-> action-> output) ; Type 2: In–action: When this type of action is called, action codes are run based on the input and a local configuration / update is conducted (input->action-> local update) ; Type 3: Out-action: When a local condition (trigger condition) is met, action codes are run to provide an output (local ->action->output) .
[0397] For Type 1 action and Type 2 action, when a first NC calls an action of a second NC, the first NC provides an NCDL input to the second NC. The NCDL input follows a certain agreement for the second NC to correctly recognize the NCDL input and execute the action. For Type 1 action, the second NC provides an NCDL output corresponding to the NCDL input. This NCDL output may be provided to the first NC, or to another NC (s) . For Type 2 action, the second NC performs a local configuration based on the NCDL input, in which case there is no NCDL output.
[0398] For Type 3 action, there is no NCDL input. When a local condition (or a trigger condition) is met, the first NC automatically provides an NCDL output to the second NC which subscribes to this action.
[0399] For an NCDL of an NC, the input dimensions (NCDL input) can include one or a plurality of input information without defining corresponding input information format; for an NCDL of a data NC, these dimensions can include one or a plurality of input data dimensions along with definitions of corresponding input data format.
[0400] The NET4CON at the infrastructure layer of FIG. 1 is an NC that is responsible for management of connections of future generation communication system (e.g., 6G) network capabilities (NCs) and customers / devices.
[0401] Aspects of the present disclosure propose NET4CON actions and corresponding NCDLs for the NET4CON, so as to enable the NET4CON to provide its capability and / or services to other NCs and customers. In order to provide this capability, the NET4CON may need to define one or more actions (e.g., Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) ) and provide an NCDL for each of the one or more actions.
[0402] The actions of the NET4CON proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are used for management of an NC-Ext connection between an NC and an external gateway connected to an external network. The related actions can include, but are not limited to, assignment of NC-Ext connection ID, removal of NC-Ext connection ID, establishment of forwarding rule at the external gateway, removal of forwarding rule at the external gateway, establishment of forwarding rule at an anchor gateway of the NC, removal of forwarding rule at the anchor gateway of the NC, receiving of instruction on activation of NC-Ext connection, activation of NC-Ext connection, receiving of instruction on de-activation of NC-Ext connection, and de-activation of NC-Ext connection.
[0403] In the following description, different actions related to the NET4CON service are further described. It should be noted that although the actions are described with reference to a NET4CON C / M function (which is also referred to as a first node below) or a gateway of the NET4CON services (which is also referred to as a first serving gateway or a second serving gateway below) , the description of the actions may be applicable in the context of other services or NCs, and other NCs may also provide similar actions that follow similar NCDLs. The actions of the NET4CON C / M function or the gateway may be subscribed to by a device, a customer using the device, an NC providing autonomous programming services, an NC providing RAN services, or other NCs (such as those described with reference to FIG. 1) . Besides, the execution of following actions will be described from the perspective of the first node and the gateway. From the perspective of the first node, when interactions between the first node and other nodes are involved, corresponding operations may be performed by other nodes, and the other nodes could be other XaaS services, or the gateway. For example, the first node transmitting information to the other node involves the other node receiving information from the first node, the first node receiving information from the other node involves the other node transmitting information to the first node.
[0404] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the action is to assign an NC-Ext connection ID. Each action includes a unique action name for facilitating other NCs to subscribe to the action. For example, the action name can be “assignment of NC-Ext connection ID action” , or “identification assignment service” . In an implementation, this action may be called when an anchor gateway to which an NC is connected is already known. The connection between the NC and the anchor gateway may be on the C / M plane or the data plane. When the connection is on the C / M plane, the anchor gateway may be referred to as a C / M anchor gateway of the NC. When the connection is on the data plane, the anchor gateway may be referred to as a data anchor gateway of the NC.
[0405] The present disclosure provides a method applied to a first node for managing network connections to implement the action. FIG. 6 shows a schematic flowchart of a method to assign an NC-Ext connection identifier (ID) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first node. The method illustrated in FIG. 6 is applied at the first node and includes the following steps:
[0406] At step S601, the method includes receiving an assignment request from a second node.
[0407] The assignment request includes a request to assign a first information for identifying a first connection. The first connection is between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The fourth node is an entity in the external network.
[0408] In an implementation, the first node can be a C / M function of a NET4CON service in a BAS domain. In an implementation, the third node can provide an XaaS service in the C / M layer or the Service layer of FIG. 1, and the XaaS service can provide its services or capabilities through its corresponding C / M function entity / entities implemented on the infrastructure layer of the system shown in FIG. 1. The C / M function entity / entities support (s) exchanging of signaling of the XaaS service on the C / M plane. In an implementation, the second node can provide an XaaS service in the C / M layer, such as autonomous programming services or other XaaS services. In an implementation, the second node and the third node can be the same node or different nodes.
[0409] In an implementation, the external network is a network outside the coverage of a BAS domain. The BAS domain may be managed by the first node or other NCs. For example, the external network is a data network (DN) , and the fourth node is an entity in the external network which can communicate with one or more NCs (e.g., the third node) which have deployed their C / M entities and / or data entities in the BAS domain.
[0410] The first connection is an NC-Ext connection between an NC (the third node) and an external gateway (the first serving gateway) . The third node and the first serving gateway can perform information exchanging over the first connection. In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a C / M plane or a data plane. The first connection is a specific example of the aforementioned NC-Ext connection with reference to FIG. 5. In an implementation, the first connection is of a C / M type. The first connection is an example of the aforementioned the C / M NC-Ext connection as it enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on the C / M plane. In another implementation, the first connection is of a data type. The first connection is an example of the aforementioned data NC-Ext connection as it enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on the data plane.
[0411] The first connection involves exchange of control signaling and / or data traffic between the third node and the first serving gateway. This exchange passes through the second serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned anchor gateway of the NC) to which the third node is connected. In a possible implementation, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are controlled and managed by C / M functions in their respective BAS domains. In an implementation, the first node, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway can be in the same domain. In an implementation, the first node, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway can be in different BAS domains. For example, the first node, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway each belong to their respective BAS domains. Alternatively, the first node and the first serving gateway are in the same domain, while the second serving gateway in a different BAS domain. Alternatively, the first node and the second serving gateway are in the same domain, while the first serving gateway in a different BAS domain. Alternatively, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, and while the first node in a different BAS domain. The solution of the present disclosure applies in different deployments.
[0412] In an implementation, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway can be the same. That is, the third node and the fourth node are connected to the same serving gateway. In the following description, the case where the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are different are further described, however, it should be noted that the solution of the present disclosure is also applicable for the case where the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are the same.
[0413] In an implementation, the first connection is a part of a second connection between the third node and the fourth node in the external network. The second connection is composed of the first connection and a connection between the first serving gateway and the fourth node. The third node can communicate with the fourth node through the second connection. The second connection involves exchange of control signaling and / or data traffic (either control signaling on the C / M plane or data traffic on the data plane) between the third node and the fourth node. This exchange passes through the first serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned external gateway connected to an entity in the external network) and the second serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned anchor gateway of the NC) . When the second connection is of a C / M type, the first connection is a C / M NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are C / M gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of control signaling. When the second connection is of a data type, the first connection is a data NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are data gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of data traffic.
[0414] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S601) by the first node to assign identification to the first connection, the second serving gateway is already known. For example, the third information for identifying the second serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the second serving gateway) is already known.
[0415] The assignment request includes a second information related to the third node and a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected. In an implementation, the second information related to the third node includes one or more of: information about a type of the third node (e.g., the C / M type or the data type) , and identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) . In an implementation, the third information for identifying the second serving gateway is an ID of the second serving gateway. Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the third node and the second serving gateway, which may facilitate the assignment of NC-Ext connection ID.
[0416] In response to receiving the assignment request in step S601, steps S602 and S602 are performed.
[0417] At step S602, the method includes determining the first serving gateway based on the third information.
[0418] As stated above, the third information may be the ID of the second serving gateway. The first node has knowledge of the location of the second serving gateway based on the third information, and can thus determine the first serving gateway. For example, the first node can determine a gateway located within a predefined range from the second serving gateway as the first serving gateway.
[0419] In an implementation, determining the first serving gateway based on the third information in step S602 includes: selecting the first serving gateway based on the third information. For example, the first node determines several candidate gateways located within a predefined range from the second serving gateway, then selects one of them as the first serving gateway. The selection can be performed in any manner, provided that such manner does not compromise the functionality of the method. Based on the third information, a suitable first serving gateway can be chosen for the third node.
[0420] At step S603, the method includes assigning the first information to the first connection. The first information can be an ID of the first connection. In an implementation, the first information is stored by the first node in a local cache. In addition to the first information for identifying the first connection, the first node may also store the ID of the first serving gateway. By maintaining the first information in the first node, the first information for identifying the first connection can be provided by the first node when requested.
[0421] In an implementation, the first connection includes an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information includes information for identifying the output connection. The type of the output connection may be of a C / M type or a data type. In an implementation, the first connection includes an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information includes information for identifying the input connection. The type of the input connection may be of a C / M type or a data type. In an implementation, the first connection includes both the output connection and the input connection. In this case, the first information may include information for identifying the output connection and information for identifying the input connection.
[0422] The first node is configured to determine the first serving gateway for the third node based on the third information for identifying the second serving gateway, so that a suitable first serving gateway can be chosen for the third node. The first node also assigns the first information for the first connection between the third node and the determined first serving gateway, which enables possible communication between the third node and the fourth node facilitated by the first connection.
[0423] It should be noted that the execution order of steps S602 and SS603 may be reversed, permuted, or performed substantially concurrently, provided that such variation does not compromise the functionality of the method.
[0424] In an implementation, the method further includes transmitting a response message to the second node. The response message includes a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway and the first information. Upon receiving the response message, the second node can directly interact with the first serving gateway. For example, the second node can transmit a request to the first serving gateway based on the response message, enabling the first serving gateway to establish a forwarding rule for the first connection. This establishment process is further described below with reference to FIG. 8B. Upon receiving the assignment request from the second node, the first node may update its local cache to store the first information of the first connection, and may or may not give a feedback to the second node. Therefore, the action “assignment of NC-Ext connection ID” performed by the first node is a Type 1 action or Type 2 action. The Type 1 action can involve both an NCDL input and an NCDL output, while the Type 2 action involves only an NCDL input.
[0425] In an implementation, the steps S601, S602 and S603 constitute an action to assign identification to the first connection. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as identification assignment service herein) provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.
[0426] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception, the determination and the assignment, so as to improve the efficiency of assignment of the assignment of NC-Ext connection ID and realize the automation of the assignment of NC-Ext connection ID.
[0427] In an implementation, the assignment request further includes information for identifying the action. For example, the assignment request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the first node is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first node receives the assignment request which includes the ID of the action, the first node has the knowledge that the assignment request includes a request to assign the first information for identifying the first connection. From a perspective of network elements (e.g., a C / M function and gateways) included in the NET4CON service, different network elements in a BAS domain may be capable of providing their own actions, as one network element, and the first node may be capable of providing different actions. It is possible to assign different IDs for actions provided by all network elements in the BAS domain. In this case, IDs of actions provided by all network elements in the domain may be different. It is also possible to assign different IDs for actions of one network element. In this case, actions of different network elements may have the same IDs. From a perspective of an NC (e.g., the NET4CON service) , different NCs may be capable of providing their own actions, as one NC. For example, the NET4CON service may be capable of providing different actions. It is possible to assign different IDs for actions provided by all NCs in the system. In this case, IDs of actions provided by all NCs in the system may be different. It is also possible to assign different IDs for the actions of one NC. In this case, actions of different NCs may have the same IDs. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the assignment request.
[0428] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been determined and the first information has been assigned to the first connection.
[0429] For the action, “assignment of NC-Ext connection ID” performed by the first node, the NCDL of the action includes the following: Name of the action: Assignment of NC-Ext connection ID. Pre-condition of the action: The second serving gateway is already known. Post-condition of the action: The first node has determined the first serving gateway and assigned the first information to the first connection.
[0430] One or more parameters related to the action: Input parameters such as the second information related to the third node and the third information for identifying the second serving gateway.
[0431] The following is an example NCDL of the action “assignment of NC-Ext connection ID” .
[0432] Name of the action: Assignment of NC-Ext connection ID.
[0433] Purpose of the action: The purpose of this action is for a NET4CON C / M function (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first node) to select an Ext-C / M-TW-GW (which is a specific example of aforementioned first serving gateway) for a C / M NC (which is a specific example of the aforementioned third node) , or select an Ext-Data-TW-GW (which is another specific example of aforementioned first serving gateway) for a data NC (which is another specific example of the aforementioned third node) for a NC-Ext connection (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first connection) ; and to assign an NC-Ext connection ID pair ( (which is another specific example of the aforementioned first information) to the NC-Ext connection.
[0434] Pre-condition of the action: Anchor GW ID (which is a specific example of the aforementioned third information for identifying the second serving gateway) of the C / M NC (entity) or the Data NC (entity) , i.e., ID of anchor C / M-TW-GW or anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC, is already known.
[0435] Post-condition of the action: Ext-Data (C / M) -TW-GW has been selected and NC-Ext connection ID has been assigned.
[0436] Table 1 shows parameters related to the NCDL of the action “assignment of NC-Ext connection ID” . Table 1
[0437] The parameters shown in Table 1 represent different capability dimensions for the action “assignment of NC-Ext connection ID” . The capability dimensions can include input dimensions, in which the input dimensions are used to indicate required input information for the execution of the action. Definitions of the capability dimensions are as follows: NC type: Type of the NC, such as a C / M NC (entity) or a data NC (entity) . NC (entity) ID: ID of the NC (entity) . ID of anchor Data (C / M) -TW-GW: ID of the anchor Data (C / M) -TW-GW of the NC (entity) . ID of Ext-Data (C / M) -TW-GW: ID of the selected Ext-Data (C / M) -TW-GW. NC-Ext connection ID pair: IDs of the NC-Ext connection.
[0438] Use of the NCDL: This NCDL may be subscribed to by an automatic network capability programming (A-CAP) and other NCs in FIG. 1. The A-CAP can provide autonomous programming services. The A-CAP can also be referred to as the aforementioned MM service with respect to FIG. 1. The action is called when the NC-Ext connection needs to be established. The action is conducted by the NET4CON C / M function to select an Ext-Data (C / M) -TW-GW considering the information of the anchor Data (C / M) -TW-GW ID, and to assign a NC-Ext connection ID. The NET4CON C / M function updates local cache.
[0439] The output dimensions or parameters of Table 1 may be stored by the first node in a local cache, or may be output by the first node. Although this action is called by the second node, when outputting information defined in the output of Table 1, it is not necessarily to output the information to the second node, the first node may also output the information to a node other than the second node, depending on actual configurations.
[0440] Throughout the text and in the tables, although connections may be referenced in pairs (in and out, or UL and DL) , it is not always necessary to include a pair of IDs when executing related actions.
[0441] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the action is to remove NC-Ext connection ID. Each action includes a unique action name for facilitating other NCs to subscribe to the action. For example, the action name can be “removal of NC-Ext connection ID” , or “identification removal service” . In an implementation, this action may be called when a forwarding rule for a first connection has been removed from an anchor gateway to which an NC is connected, and / or a forwarding rule for the first connection has been removed from the external gateway. The present disclosure provides a method applied to a first node for managing network connections to implement the action. FIG. 7 shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove an NC-Ext connection ID according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first node. This particular action is a Type 1 action when it involves an NCDL input and an NCDL output. This particular action is a Type 2 when it involves an NCDL input. For the details of the first node, the second node, the third node, the fourth node, the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, and the first connection, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 6, which will be not repeated here again. The method illustrated in FIG. 7 is applied at the first node and includes the following steps:
[0442] At step S701, the method includes receiving a removal request from a second node.
[0443] The removal request includes a request to remove a first information, the first information assigned to a first connection for identifying the first connection. The first connection is between a first serving gateway and a third node. The first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network.
[0444] In an implementation, the third node and the second node can be the same node or different nodes. In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a C / M plane or a data plane.
[0445] At step S702, the method includes in response to receiving the removal request, removing the first information.
[0446] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S701) by the first node to remove identification of the first connection, a first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first serving gateway has been removed, and / or a second forwarding rule for the first connection at a second serving gateway has been removed. The second serving gateway is connected to the third node. In an implementation, to establish the second connection for communication between the third node and the fourth node, it is necessary to establish the first forwarding rule and the second forwarding rule in the first connection. In an implementation, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the fourth node and the second serving gateway to which the third node is connected. In an implementation, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and the first serving gateway. The establishment of the first forwarding rule and the second forwarding rule are further described below with reference to FIGS. 8A-8B and FIGS. 10A-10B.
[0447] Upon receiving the removal request, the first node can effectively remove the first information, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0448] The removal request includes a second information related to the third node. In an implementation, the second information related to the third node includes one or more of: information about a type of the third node (e.g., the C / M type or the data type) ; and identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) . Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the third node more efficiently, which may facilitate the removal of NC-Ext connection ID.
[0449] In an implementation, the first connection includes an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information includes information for identifying the output connection. The type of the output connection may be of a C / M type or a data type. In an implementation, the first connection includes an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information includes information for identifying the input connection. The type of the input connection may be of a C / M type or a data type. In an implementation, the first connection includes both the output connection and the input connection. In this case, the first information may include information for identifying the output connection and information for identifying the input connection.
[0450] In an implementation, the steps S701 and S702 constitute an action to remove identification of the first connection. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as identification removal service herein) provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the removal, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of NC-Ext connection ID and realize the automation of removal of NC-Ext connection ID.
[0451] In an implementation, the removal request can identify the action. For example, the removal request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the first node is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first node receives the removal request which includes the ID of the action, the first node has the knowledge that the removal request includes a request to remove a first information of the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 6. By including the identification information for the action in the removal request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the removal request.
[0452] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the first information has been removed.
[0453] For the action, “removal of NC-Ext connection ID” , the NCDL of the action includes the following: Name of the action: Removal of NC-Ext connection ID. Pre-condition of the action: The first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first serving gateway has been removed, and / or the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second serving gateway has been removed. Post-condition of the action: The first information has been removed.
[0454] One or more parameters related to the action: Input parameters such as the second information related to the third node.
[0455] The following is an example NCDL of the action “removal of NC-Ext connection ID” .
[0456] Name of the action: Removal of NC-Ext connection ID.
[0457] Purpose of the action: The purpose of this action is for a NET4CON C / M function (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first node) to remove an existing NC-Ext connection ID (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first information for identifying the first connection) from its local cache.
[0458] Pre-condition of the action: A forwarding rule of a NC-Ext connection at an Ext-Data (C / M) -TW-GW (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first serving gateway) has been removed; and / or a forwarding rule of the NC-Ext connection at an anchor Data (C / M) -TW-GW (which is a specific example of the aforementioned second serving gateway) of a NC has been removed. The NC-Ext connection is established between the NC and the Ext-Data (C / M) -TW-GW.
[0459] Post-condition of the action: The NC-Ext connection ID has been removed.
[0460] Table 2 shows parameters related to the NCDL of the action “removal of NC-Ext connection ID” . Table 2
[0461] The parameters shown in Table 2 represent different capability dimensions for the action “removal of NC-Ext connection ID” . The capability dimensions can include input dimensions, in which the input dimensions are used to indicate required input information for the execution of the action. Definitions of the capability dimensions are as follows: -NC type: Type of the NC, such as a C / M NC (entity) or a data NC (entity) . -NC (entity) ID: ID of the NC (entity) . -NC-Ext connection ID pair: IDs of the NC-Ext connection which will be removed from the local cache. -Ext-Data (C / M) -TW-GW ID: ID of the Ext Data (C / M) -TW-GW selected for the NC-Ext connection.
[0462] Use of the NCDL: -This NCDL may be subscribed to by an A-CAP. -The effect of this action is for the NET4CON C / M function to remove the record of the NC-Ext connection ID from its local cache.
[0463] The output dimensions or parameters of Table 2 may be removed by the first node from a local cache, or may be output by the first node. Although this action is called by the second node, when outputting information defined in the output of Table 2, it is not necessarily to output the information to the second node, the first node may also output the information to a node other than the second node, depending on actual configurations.
[0464] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the action is to establish a first forwarding rule at an external gateway. Each action includes a unique action name for facilitating other NCs to subscribe to the action. For example, the action name can be “establishment of first forwarding rule at the external gateway” , “first establishment service” , or “second establishment service” . The action could be implemented by calling the external gateway (which is also referred to as first serving gateway below) or a C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) in a BAS domain. The C / M function can be in the same BAS domain where the external gateway is located or in a BAS domain different from the BAS domain where the external gateway is located. In an implementation, this action can be called when information for identifying a first connection has been assigned, the external gateway and the anchor gateway (which is also referred to as second serving gateway below) of the NC are already known, and a reachable address in the external network for the NC is already known. The first connection is a logical connection between the first serving gateway and a third node.
[0465] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action is implemented by calling the C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) , the present application provides a method applied to the first node to implement the action. FIG. 8A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a first forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first node. For the details of the first node, the second node, the third node, the fourth node, the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, and the first connection, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 6. The method illustrated in FIG. 8A is applied at the first node and includes the following steps:
[0466] At step S801A, the method includes receiving a first establishment request from a second node.
[0467] The first establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network. The third node and the second node can be the same node or different nodes.
[0468] In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway either on a C / M plane or a data plane. The third node and the first serving gateway can perform information exchanging over the first connection. The first connection is a specific example of the aforementioned NC-Ext connection with reference to FIG. 5. In an implementation, the first connection is a part of a second connection between the third node and the fourth node in the external network. The second connection is composed of the first connection and a connection between the first serving gateway and the fourth node. The third node can communicate with the fourth node through the second connection. The second connection involves exchange of control signaling and / or data traffic (either control signaling on the C / M plane or data traffic on the data plane) between the third node and the fourth node. This exchange passes through the first serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned external gateway connected to an entity in the external network) and the second serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned anchor gateway of the NC) connected to the third node. When the second connection is of a C / M type, the first connection is a C / M NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are C / M gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of control signaling. When the second connection is of a data type, the first connection is a data NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are data gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of data traffic.
[0469] In an implementation, the fourth node is the entity in the external network. In an implementation, to establish the second connection for communication between the third node and the fourth node, it is necessary to establish the first forwarding rule and the second forwarding rule in the first connection.
[0470] In an implementation, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the fourth node and a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected. The communication may be exchange of control signaling and / or data traffic. In an implementation, the first forwarding rule may indicate a mapping between the first information for identifying the first connection and a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node. The mapping can be used to map incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node. The first reachable address can be assigned by identity management (IDM) of CONsortium of NETworks (CONET) . The first forwarding rule may also indicate a mapping between the first information for identifying the first connection and a second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node. The mapping can be used to map outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node. In an implementation, the incoming traffic may be controlling signaling and / or data traffic from the external network / the first serving gateway to the third node. The outgoing traffic may be controlling signaling and / or data traffic from the third node to the external network / the first serving gateway.
[0471] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S801A) by the first node to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway, the first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known, and a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node is already known. In an implementation, the traffic related to the third node is incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node or outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node. For example, the first reachable address is a public address in the external network that can be used for representing a source address of traffic originated from the third node and targeting the fourth node, or the first reachable address is a public address in the external network that can be used for representing a destination address of traffic originated from the fourth node and targeting the third node. For example, the first reachable address may be an Internet Protocol (IP) address of the third node in the external network.
[0472] In an implementation, the first establishment request includes one or more of: the first information for identifying the first connection (e.g., an ID of the first connection) ; a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node (e.g., a public address of the third node that is routable on the external network) ; and a second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node (e.g., a public address of the fourth node in the external network to which the third node can reach) .
[0473] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the first connection, the third node and the fourth node respectively, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway.
[0474] In an implementation, the first establishment request includes the first information for identifying the first connection. The first node can thus determine the first connection based on the first establishment request. The first node can also determine the first serving gateway based on the mapping between the first connection and the first serving gateway. In an implementation, the first establishment request may also include fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway. For example, the first establishment request further includes an ID of the first serving gateway. The second node can request, by indicating the information for identifying the third node, the ID of the first serving gateway from the first node. Thus, the first node can provide, in response to the request, the second node with the ID of the first serving gateway. The determination of the first serving gateway enables the first node to identify which serving gateway can be configured with the first forwarding rule.
[0475] In an implementation, the first establishment request further includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) ; information about a type of the third node (e.g., C / M type or data type) ; a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected (e.g., an ID of the second serving gateway) ; a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) ; a first quality of service (QoS) information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node; a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node; a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; and a second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic. In an implementation, the first QoS information can be a QoS value to indicate the QoS requirement when the incoming traffic is forwarded from the fourth node to the third node. The second QoS information can be a QoS value to indicate the QoS requirement when the outgoing traffic is forwarded from the third node to the fourth node. In an implementation, the first filtering rule and the second filtering rule can be customized for each NC or be set as universal rules. In an implementation, these filtering rules can be set by CONET in the C / M layer of FIG. 1 through its functionality (CONET-Network Openness Management, CONET-IDM) .
[0476] Inclusion of the information related to the third node and the third information enables the first node to identify the third node and the second serving gateway, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule. Inclusion of the fourth information enables the first node to determine the first serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the QoS information ensures that the traffic is transmitted according to the QoS requirement indicated by the QoS information. Inclusion of the filtering rules enables the first node to configure filtering rules for the third node at the first serving gateway. In an implementation, the method further includes the following step.
[0477] At step S802A, the method includes, in response to receiving the first establishment request, enabling the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule. Upon receiving the first establishment request, the first node enables / configures the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule. In an implementation, the first forwarding rule can indicate a mapping among the first information (e.g., an ID of the first connection) , the first reachable address (e.g., a public ID of the third node) and the second reachable address (e.g., a public ID of the fourth node) . In an implementation, the aforementioned mapping can be stored in a local cache of the first node.
[0478] Upon receiving the first establishment request, the first node can effectively configure the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0479] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the first serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, the first serving gateway is controlled and managed by the first node. As a result, the step S802A can be an internal operation in a NET4CON service to which the first node and the first serving gateway belong. This operation may be exposed to other nodes or kept unexposed. For example, the step S802A includes, the first node determining the first serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the first information for identifying the first connection; and configuring / enabling the determined first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule.
[0480] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the first serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the first node may communicate with a C / M function (which is referred as another node below) of the BAS domain in which the first serving gateway is located. The first node may then pass required information (e.g., through a message) to this C / M function to achieve configuration of the first serving gateway. The C / M function in the same BAS domain as the first serving gateway is responsible for management of connectivity related to the first serving gateway, and for operations of the first serving gateway. For example, the step S802A includes, the first node determining the first serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the first information for identifying the first connection, and the first node transmitting a message to another node (C / M function) in the BAS domain where the first serving gateway is located; then the another node configuring / enabling the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule based on the received the message. As a result, the first serving gateway establishes the first forwarding rule.
[0481] In an implementation, the step S802A of enabling the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule can include: the first node transmitting a message to the first serving gateway. Correspondingly, the first serving gateway receives the message from the first node and establishes the first forwarding rule based on the received message. The message is configured to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first serving gateway. In the case where the first node and the first serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the message may be transmitted from the first node to the another node which manages connectivity and operations related to the first serving gateway. The another node then transmits a message to the first serving gateway, and the message from the another node to the first serving gateway may be the same as the message received by the another node from the first node. By transmitting the message from the first node to the first serving gateway, the first serving gateway can effectively establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections.
[0482] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the first serving gateway includes one or more of: the first information for identifying the first connection (e.g., an ID of the first connection) , a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node (e.g., a public address of third node that is routable on the external network) , and a second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node (e.g., a public address of fourth node in the external network to which the third node can reach) .
[0483] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the fourth node, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway.
[0484] The first serving gateway establishes the first forwarding rule based on the message received from the first node. The message is based on the first establishment request and can include all or some of information from the first establishment request. In an implementation, after establishing the first forwarding rule, the first serving gateway can maintain a correspondence of the first information (e.g. the ID of the first connection) , the first reachable address (e.g. the public ID of the third node) and the second reachable address (e.g. the public ID of the fourth node) can be maintained in its local cache.
[0485] In an implementation, the first connection includes an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information includes information for identifying the output connection. The type of the output connection may be of a C / M type or a data type. In an implementation, the first connection includes an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information includes information for identifying the input connection. The type of the input connection may be of a C / M type or a data type. In an implementation, the first connection includes both the output connection and the input connection. In this case, the first information may include information for identifying the output connection and information for identifying the input connection.
[0486] After the first forwarding rule has been established and the first connection has been established, the first serving gateway may handle the traffic over the first connection based on the first forwarding rule. For example, the first serving gateway may forward outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node based on a mapping between the first information and the second reachable address. The first serving gateway may map the first connection to the second reachable address for outgoing traffic. The first serving gateway may forward incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node based on a mapping between the first information and the first reachable address. The first serving gateway may map the first reachable address to the first connection for incoming traffic.
[0487] The transmission procedure of the outgoing traffic varies depending on the form of the outgoing traffic.
[0488] In an example, for outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node over the output connection, this outgoing traffic may simply include a payload. The payload is delivered from the third node to the first serving gateway over the output connection between the third node and the first serving gateway. That is, the third node may pass the payload to its anchor gateway (i.e., the second serving gateway) . Upon receiving the outgoing payload over the output connection from the third node, the second serving gateway forwards the payload to the first serving gateway over the output connection based on the second forwarding rule. In this case, the first serving gateway may generate an outgoing packet for this payload and transmit the outgoing packet to the fourth node. The first forwarding rule maintained by the first serving gateway may indicate a mapping among the first information for identifying the output connection, a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node and a second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node, so the first serving gateway may determine that this outgoing traffic over the output connection is associated with the first reachable address and the second reachable address. The first serving gateway may generate an outgoing packet by inserting the first reachable address into the payload as the source address of the outgoing packet and inserting the second reachable address into the payload as the destination address of the outgoing packet. Then the first serving gateway passes the generated packet to the fourth node.
[0489] In another example, the outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node may be an outgoing packet carrying a payload and a source address of the outgoing packet. This source address of the outgoing packet may be the aforementioned first reachable address. The outgoing packet arrives at the first serving gateway over the output connection. For example, based on the first forwarding rule, the first serving gateway may insert the second reachable address into the outgoing packet as the destination address of the packet. The generated packet is thus an outgoing packet with the first reachable address as its source address and the second reachable address as its destination address. Sometimes when sending the outgoing packet to the fourth node, the first serving gateway can either change the source address of the outgoing packet to its own public address in the external network, or maintain the source address as the first reachable address (e.g., the public address of the third node in the external network) . When the outgoing packet sent from the first serving gateway to the fourth node has a source address of the public address in the external network for the first serving gateway, an incoming packet sent from the fourth node to the third node may have a destination address of the public address in the external network for the first serving gateway.
[0490] In another example, the outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node may also be an outgoing packet carrying a payload, a source address of the outgoing packet and a destination address of the outgoing packet. This source address of the outgoing packet may be the aforementioned first reachable address. This destination address may be the aforementioned second reachable address. The outgoing packet arrives at the first serving gateway over the output connection. The first serving gateway then forwards the outgoing packet originated from the third node to the fourth node based on the first forwarding rule. When sending the outgoing packet to the fourth node, the first serving gateway can either change the source address of the outgoing packet to its own public address in the external network, or maintain the source address as the public address of the third node in the external network. When the outgoing packet sent from the first serving gateway to the fourth node has a source address of the public address in the external network for the first serving gateway, an incoming packet sent from the fourth node to the third node may have a destination address of the public address in the external network for the first serving gateway.
[0491] For incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node over the input connection, an incoming packet may carry a source address and a destination address. The source address is the public address of the fourth node in the external network (a specific example of the aforementioned second reachable address) , and the destination address is the public address of the third node in the external network (aspecific example of the aforementioned first reachable address) . Since the first serving gateway maintains a mapping between the public address of the fourth node in the external network and the input connection, it can map the incoming packet from the fourth node to the second serving gateway to the input connection based on the first forwarding rule. The second serving gateway then forwards the incoming packet to the third node over the input connection based on the second forwarding rule. When sending the incoming packet to the second serving gateway, the first serving gateway can either change the source address of the incoming packet to its own public address in the external network, or maintain the source address as the public address of the fourth node in the external network. When the incoming packet sent from the first serving gateway to the third node has a source address of the public address in the external network for the first serving gateway, an outgoing packet sent from the third node to the fourth node may have a destination address of the public address in the external network for the first serving gateway.
[0492] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the first serving gateway further includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) ; information about a type of the third node (e.g., C / M type or data type) ; a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected (e.g., an ID of the second serving gateway) ; a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) ; a first quality of service (QoS) information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node; a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node; a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; and a second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic. In an implementation, the first QoS information can be a QoS value to indicate the QoS requirement when the incoming traffic is forwarded from the fourth node to the third node. The second QoS information can be a QoS value to indicate the QoS requirement when the outgoing traffic is forwarded from the third node to the fourth node. In an implementation, the first filtering rule and the second filtering rule can be customized for each NC or be set as universal rules. In an implementation, these filtering rules can be set by CONET in the C / M layer of FIG. 1 through its functionality (CONET-Network Openness Management, CONET-IDM) .
[0493] Inclusion of the information related to the third node and the third information enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node and the second serving gateway, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule. Inclusion of the fourth information ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway. Inclusion of the QoS information ensures that the traffic is transmitted according to the QoS requirement indicated by the QoS information. Inclusion of the filtering rules enables the first node to configure filtering rules for the third node at the first serving gateway.
[0494] In an implementation, the reception step S801A and the enabling step S802A constitute an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as first establishment service herein) provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the enablement, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0495] In an implementation, the first establishment request can identify the action. For example, the first establishment request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., including an ID of the action, and the first node is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first node receives the first establishment request which includes the ID of the action, the first node has the knowledge that the first establishment request includes a request to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 6. By including the identification information for the action in the first establishment request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the first establishment request.
[0496] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established at the first serving gateway.
[0497] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action “establishment of first forwarding rule at the external gateway” is implemented by calling the external gateway (which is also referred to as first serving gateway below) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the first serving gateway to implement the action. FIG. 8B shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a first forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first serving gateway. For the details of the first node, the second node, the third node, the fourth node, the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, and the first connection, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 6. For the details of the first forwarding rule, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 8A. The method illustrated in FIG. 8B is applied at the first serving gateway and includes the following steps:
[0498] At step S801B, the method includes receiving a second establishment request from a second node.
[0499] At step S802B, the method includes, in response to receiving the second establishment request, establishing a first forwarding rule.
[0500] The second establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network.
[0501] In an implementation, the second establishment request includes one or more of: the first information for identifying the first connection (e.g., an ID of the first connection) ; the first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node (e.g., a public address of third node that is routable on the external network) ; and the second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node (e.g., a public address of fourth node in the external network to which the third node can reach) .
[0502] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the fourth node, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway.
[0503] In an implementation, the second establishment request further includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) ; information about a type of the third node (e.g., C / M type or data type) ; a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected (e.g., an ID of the second serving gateway) ; a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) ; a first quality of service (QoS) information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node; a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node; a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; and a second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic. In an implementation, the first QoS information can be a QoS value to indicate the QoS requirement when the incoming traffic is forwarded from the fourth node to the third node. The second QoS information can be a QoS value to indicate the QoS requirement when the outgoing traffic is forwarded from the third node to the fourth node. In an implementation, the first filtering rule and the second filtering rule can be customized for each NC or be set as universal rules. In an implementation, these filtering rules can be set by CONET in the C / M layer of FIG. 1 through its functionality (CONET-Network Openness Management, CONET-IDM) . In an implementation, the incoming traffic may be controlling signaling and / or data traffic from the external network / the first serving gateway to the third node. The outgoing traffic may be controlling signaling and / or data traffic from the third node to the external network / the first serving gateway.
[0504] Inclusion of the information related to the third node and the third information enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node and the second serving gateway, which may facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule. Inclusion of the fourth information ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway. Inclusion of the QoS information ensures that the traffic is transmitted according to the QoS requirement indicated by the QoS information. Inclusion of the filtering rules enables the first node to configure filtering rules for the third node at the first serving gateway.
[0505] Upon receiving the second establishment request, the first serving gateway can effectively establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0506] In an implementation, the first connection includes an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information includes information for identifying the output connection. The type of the output connection may be of a C / M type or a data type. In an implementation, the first connection includes an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information includes information for identifying the input connection. The type of the input connection may be of a C / M type or a data type. In an implementation, the first connection includes both the output connection and the input connection. In this case, the first information may include information for identifying the output connection and information for identifying the input connection.
[0507] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S801B) by the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway, the first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known, and a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node is already known / is available.
[0508] In an implementation, the reception step 801B and the establishment step S802B constitute an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as second establishment service herein) provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the establishment, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0509] In an implementation, the second establishment request can identify the action. For example, the second establishment request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the first serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first serving gateway receives the second establishment request which includes the ID of the action, the first serving gateway has the knowledge that the second establishment request includes a request to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 6. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the first serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0510] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established at the first serving gateway.
[0511] In an implementation, the method further includes: the first serving gateway transmitting a response message. The response message is configured to report the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway. The response message may be transmitted to a C / M function in a BAS domain where the first serving gateway is located. When the first serving gateway is in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to the first node. When the first serving gateway is not in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to a C / M function of the BAS domain in which the first serving gateway is located. This C / M function then forwards the response message to the first node. In an implementation, the response message can include at least one of the first information for identifying the first connection, the first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node, and the second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node.
[0512] For the action “establishment of the first forwarding rule” performed by either the first node or the first serving gateway, the NCDL of the action includes the following: Name of the action: Establishment of the first forwarding rule. Pre-condition of the action: The first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are already known, and the first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node is already known. Post-condition of the action: The first forwarding rule has been established at the first serving gateway. One or more parameters related to the action: Input parameters such as the first information for identifying the first connection; the first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node, and the second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node. In an implementation, the input parameters further includes at least one of: the identification information for identifying the third node, the information about the type of the third node; the third information for identifying the second serving gateway, the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway; the first QoS information, the second QoS information, the first filtering rule, and the second filtering rule.
[0513] The following is an example NCDL of the action “establishment of first forwarding rule” at the first serving gateway, which could be implemented by calling the first node or the first serving gateway.
[0514] Name of the action: Establishment of forwarding rule at an external gateway (which is a specific example of aforementioned first serving gateway) .
[0515] Purpose of the action: The purpose of the action is for the external gateway (e.g., Ext-Data-TW-GW or Ext-C / M-TW-GW) to establish a forwarding rule (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first forwarding rule) for a NC-Ext connection (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first connection) between an NC (entity) and the external gateway. The NC (entity) (which is a specific example of the aforementioned third node) can be a C / M NC (entity) or a Data NC (entity) .
[0516] Pre-condition of the action: An anchor gateway (e.g., C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW) of the NC and the external gateway are already known, NC-Ext connection ID has been assigned, and a public IP address of the NC in the external network is available.
[0517] Post-condition of the action: The forwarding rule has been established at the external gateway for the NC-Ext connection.
[0518] Table 3 shows parameters related to the NCDL of the action “establishment of forwarding rule at the external gateway” . Table 3
[0519] The parameters shown in Table 3 represent different capability dimensions for the action “establishment of forwarding rule at the external gateway” . The capability dimensions can include input dimensions, in which the input dimensions are used to indicate required input information for the execution of the action. Definitions of the capability dimensions are as follows: · NC (entity) ID: ID of the NC (entity) which is one end of the NC-Ext connection. · NC-Ext connection ID pair: IDs of the NC-Ext connection assigned by a NET4CON C / M function (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first node) . · ID of destination GW of income traffic: ID of the anchor gateway of the NC (entity) . · QoS of forwarding incoming traffic: a QoS value (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first QoS information) to indicate the QoS requirement when incoming traffic is forwarded to the targeted GW (i.e., the anchor gateway of the NC) . ● QoS of forwarding outgoing traffic: a QoS value (which is a specific example of the aforementioned second QoS information) to indicate the QoS requirement when outgoing traffic is forwarded to the external network. ● Public IP address of the NC: IP address of the NC (entity) that is routable on the external network. ● IP address of external entity: IP address of an external entity located in the external network to which the NC can reach. The external entity is a specific example of the aforementioned fourth node. · Incoming traffic filtering rule (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first filtering rule) : filtering rule for incoming traffic which could be per NC customized or common rule. The rules may be set by CONET-NOM function. Values of the filtering rule can be set according to actual requirement. ● Outgoing traffic filtering rule (which is a specific example of the aforementioned second filtering rule) : filtering rule for outgoing traffic which could be per NC customized or common rule. The rules may be set by CONET-NOM function. Values of the filtering rule can be set according to actual requirement.
[0520] Use of this NCDL: · This NCDL may be subscribed to by an automatic network capability programming (A-CAP) or by any other NCs. The A-CAP can provide autonomous programming services. · This action can be called by the A-CAP directly or via the NET4CON C / M function. The effect of this action is for the external gateway to establish the forwarding rule. After the forwarding rule has been established and the NC-Ext connection has been established, when receiving packets related to the NC-Ext connection, the external gateway performs the followings traffic forwarding processes: -For outgoing traffic on this connection, to filter the packets; to map the NC-Ext connection ID to the public IP address of the entity in the external network; to send the packets to the external network. For example, when receiving a payload without an IP address over the NC-Ext connection, the external gateway can generate a packet by inserting public IP address of the entity in the external network into the payload as its source address, based on the mapping shown in Table 3, then the external gateway can send the packet to the external network. -For incoming traffic on this connection, to filter the packets; to map the public IP address to the NC-Ext connection ID;to send the packets to the anchor gateway of the NC (entity) . For example, the public IP address is the public IP address of the entity in the external network, so the external gateway can map this public IP address to the NC-Ext connection based on the mapping shown in Table 3, and send the packet to the NC.
[0521] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the action is to remove a first forwarding rule at an external gateway. Each action includes a unique action name for facilitating other NCs to subscribe to the action. For example, the action name can be “removal of first forwarding rule” , “first removal service” , or “second removal service” . The action could be implemented by calling the external gateway (which is also referred to as first serving gateway below) or a C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) in a BAS domain. The C / M function can be in the same BAS domain where the external gateway is located or in a BAS domain different from the BAS domain where the external gateway is located. In an implementation, this action can be called when a first connection between an NC and the external gateway has been de-activated. The first connection is a logical connection between the first serving gateway and a third node.
[0522] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action is implemented by calling the C / M function (first node) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the first node to implement the action. FIG. 9A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a first forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first node. For the detailed definitions of the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, the first node, the second node, the third node, the fourth node and the first connection in this embodiment, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 6. For the detailed definitions of the first forwarding rule in this embodiment, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 8A. The method illustrated in FIG. 9A is applied at the first node and includes the following steps:
[0523] At step S901A, the method includes receiving a first removal request from a second node.
[0524] The first removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule, the first forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to the fourth node in the external network.
[0525] In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway either on a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane. The third node and the first serving gateway can perform information exchanging over the first connection. The first connection is a specific example of the aforementioned NC-Ext connection with reference to FIG. 5. In an implementation, the first connection is a part of a second connection between the third node and the fourth node in the external network. The second connection is composed of the first connection and a connection between the first serving gateway and the fourth node. The third node can communicate with the fourth node through the second connection. The second connection involves exchange of control signaling and / or data traffic (either control signaling on the C / M plane or data traffic on the data plane) between the third node and the fourth node. This exchange passes through the first serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned external gateway connected to an entity in the external network) and the second serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned anchor gateway of the NC) connected to the third node. When the second connection is of a C / M type, the first connection is a C / M NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are C / M gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of control signaling. When the second connection is of a data type, the first connection is a data NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are data gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of data traffic.
[0526] In an implementation, the fourth node is the entity in the external network. In an implementation, to establish the second connection for communication between the third node and the fourth node, it is necessary to establish the first forwarding rule and the second forwarding rule in the first connection.
[0527] In an implementation, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the fourth node and a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected. The communication may be exchange of control signaling and / or data traffic. In an implementation, the first forwarding rule may indicate a mapping between the first information for identifying the first connection and a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node. The mapping can be used to map incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node. The first forwarding rule may also indicate a mapping between the first information for identifying the first connection and a second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node. The mapping can be used to map outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node.
[0528] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S901A) by the first node to remove the first forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated.
[0529] In an implementation, the de-activation of the first connection includes the third node having removed the mapping related to the first connection, such as the mapping between the first connection and incoming from the fourth node, and the mapping between the first connection and outgoing traffic to the fourth node. The pre-condition for de-activation of the first connection can be, for example, there is no traffic on the first connection for a certain period of time, or communication finishes, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0530] In an implementation, the first removal request includes a first information for identifying the first connection. The first information may uniquely identify entities on the first connection, the entities would include the third node, the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway and the fourth node. Based on the first information for identifying the first connection in the first removal request, the first node can determine the first serving gateway, which enables the first node to identify the serving gateway for which the first forwarding rule should be removed.
[0531] In an implementation, the first removal request further includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node; information about a type of the third node (e.g., C / M type or data type) ; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0532] For example, the first removal request includes one or more of: an ID of the third node, the type of the third node and an ID of the first serving gateway. Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information about the type of the third node enables the first node to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway enables the first node to determine the first serving gateway more efficiently.
[0533] In an implementation, the method further includes the following steps.
[0534] At step S902A, the method includes, in response to receiving the first removal request, enabling the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule. Upon receiving the first removal request, the first node enables / configures the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule. In an implementation, the first forwarding rule can indicate a mapping among the first information (e.g., an ID of the first connection) , the first reachable address (e.g., a public ID of the third node) and the second reachable address (e.g., a public ID of the fourth node) . In an implementation, the aforementioned mapping can be removed from a local cache of the first node.
[0535] Upon receiving the first removal request, the first node can effectively configure the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections, and saving the network overhead.
[0536] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the first serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, the first serving gateway is controlled and managed by the first node. As a result, the step S902A can be an internal operation in a NET4CON service to which the first node and the first serving gateway belong. This operation may be exposed to other nodes or kept unexposed. For example, the step S902A includes, the first node determining the first serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the first information for identifying the first connection; and configuring / enabling the determined first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule.
[0537] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the first serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the first node may communicate with a C / M function (which is referred as another node below) of the BAS domain in which the first serving gateway is located. The first node may then pass required information (e.g., through a message) to this C / M function to achieve configuration of the first serving gateway. The C / M function in the same BAS domain as the first serving gateway is responsible for management of connectivity related to the first serving gateway, as well as operations of the first serving gateway. For example, the step S902A includes, the first node determining the first serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the first information for identifying the first connection, and the first node transmitting a message to another node (C / M function) in the BAS domain where the first serving gateway is located; then the another node configuring the first serving gateway based on the received the third message. As a result, the first serving gateway removes the first forwarding rule.
[0538] In an implementation, enabling the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule in step S902A can include: the first node transmitting a message to the first serving gateway. Correspondingly, the first serving gateway receives the message from the first node, and removes the first forwarding rule based on the received message. The message is configured to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first serving gateway. In the case where the first node and the first serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the message may be transmitted from the first node to the another node which manages connectivity related to the first serving gateway. The another node then transmits a message to the first serving gateway, and the message from the another node to the first serving gateway may be the same as the message received by the another node from the first node. By transmitting the message from the first node to the first serving gateway, the first serving gateway can effectively remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections and saving the network overhead.
[0539] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the first serving gateway includes a first information for identifying the first connection. For example, the first information is an ID of the first connection. By including the first information, the first serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0540] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the first serving gateway further includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) ; information about a type of the third node (e.g., C / M type or data type) ; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) .
[0541] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information about the type of the third node enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway.
[0542] In an implementation, the reception step S901A and the enabling step S902A constitute an action to remove the first forwarding rule. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as first removal service herein) provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the enabling, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the first forwarding rule.
[0543] In an implementation, the first removal request can identify the action. For example, the first removal request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the first node is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first node receives the first removal request which includes the ID of the action, the first node has the knowledge that the first removal request includes a request to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 6. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the first serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0544] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed at the first serving gateway.
[0545] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action “removal of first forwarding rule” at the external gateway is implemented by calling the external gateway (which is also referred to as first serving gateway below) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the first serving gateway to implement the action. FIG. 9B shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a first forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first serving gateway. For the detailed definitions of the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, the first node, the second node, the third node, the fourth node and the first connection in this embodiment, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 6. For the detailed definitions of the first forwarding rule in this embodiment, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 8A. The method illustrated in FIG. 9B is applied at the first serving gateway and includes the following steps:
[0546] At step S901B, the method includes receiving a second removal request from a second node.
[0547] At step S902B, the method includes, in response to receiving the second removal request, removing a first forwarding rule.
[0548] The second removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule, the first forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network.
[0549] Upon receiving the second removal request, the first serving gateway can effectively remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections and saving the network overhead.
[0550] In an implementation, the second removal request includes a first information for identifying the first connection. For example, the first information is an ID of the first connection. By including the first information, the first serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0551] In an implementation, the second removal request further includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) ; information about a type of the third node (e.g., C / M type or data type) ; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) .
[0552] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information about the type of the third node enables the first serving gateway to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first serving gateway.
[0553] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S901B) by the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated. For example, the third node has removed the mapping related to the first connection, such as the mapping between the first connection and incoming from the fourth node, and the mapping between the first connection and outgoing traffic to the fourth node.
[0554] In an implementation, the reception step S901B and the removal step S902B constitute an action to remove the first forwarding rule. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as second removal service herein) provided by the first serving gateway for management network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the removal, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the first forwarding rule.
[0555] In an implementation, the second removal request can identify the action. For example, the second removal request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the first serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first serving gateway receives the second removal request which includes the ID of the action, the first serving gateway has the knowledge that the second removal request includes a request to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 6. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the first serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0556] In an implementation, the method further includes: the first serving gateway transmitting a response message. The response message is configured to report the removal of the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway. The response message may be transmitted to a C / M function in a BAS domain where the first serving gateway is located. When the first serving gateway is in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to the first node. When the first serving gateway is not in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to a C / M function of the BAS domain in which the first serving gateway is located. This C / M function then forwards the response message to the first node. In an implementation, the response message can include at least one of the first information for identifying the first connection, the first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node, and the second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node.
[0557] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed at the first serving gateway.
[0558] For the action, “removal of the first forwarding rule” performed by either the first node or the first serving gateway, the NCDL of the action includes the following: Name of the action: Removal of the first forwarding rule. Pre-condition of the action: The first connection has been de-activated. Post-condition of the action: The first forwarding rule has been removed at the first serving gateway. One or more parameters related to the action: Input parameters such as the first information for identifying the first connection, the identification information for identifying the third node, the information about the type of the third node and the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.
[0559] The following is an example NCDL of the action “removal of first forwarding rule” at the first serving gateway, which could be implemented by calling the first node or the first serving gateway.
[0560] Name of the action: Removal of forwarding rule at an external gateway (which is a specific example of aforementioned first serving gateway) .
[0561] Purpose of the action: The purpose of the action is for the external gateway (e.g., Ext-C / M-TW-GW or Ext-C / M-TW-GW) to remove a forwarding rule (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first forwarding rule) for an existing NC-Ext connection between an NC (entity) and the external gateway connected to the external network. The NC (entity) (which is a specific example of the aforementioned third node) can be a C / M NC (entity) or a Data NC (entity) .
[0562] Pre-condition of the action: The NC-Ext connection (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first connection) has been de-activated.
[0563] Post-condition of the action: The forwarding rule has been removed at the external gateway.
[0564] Table 4 shows parameters related to the NCDL of the action “removal of forwarding rule at the external gateway” . Table 4
[0565] The parameters shown in Table 4 represent different capability dimensions for the action “removal of forwarding rule at the external gateway” . The capability dimensions can include input dimensions, in which the input dimensions are used to indicate required input information for the execution of the action. Definitions of the capability dimensions are as follows: ● NC type: C / M NC or data NC. · NC (entity) ID: ID of the NC (entity) . · NC-Ext connection ID pair: IDs of NC-Ext connection of the NC which need to be removed.
[0566] Use of this NCDL: · This NCDL may be subscribed to by the A-CAP and other NCs. · This action can be called by the A-CAP directly or via a NET4CON C / M function (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first node) . · The effect of this action is for the external gateway to remove the forwarding rule for indicated NC-Ext connection. The NET4CON C / M function can update its local cache.
[0567] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the action is to establish a second forwarding rule at an anchor gateway of an NC. Each action includes a unique action name for facilitating other NCs to subscribe to the action. For example, the action name can be “establishment of second forwarding rule at the anchor gateway” , “third establishment service” , or “fourth establishment service” . The action could be implemented by calling the anchor gateway (which is also referred to as second serving gateway below) or a C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) in a BAS domain. The C / M function can be in the same BAS domain where the anchor gateway is located or in a BAS domain different from the BAS domain where the anchor gateway is located. In an implementation, this action can be called when information for identifying a first connection has been assigned, and the anchor gateway and the external gateway (which is also referred to as first serving gateway below) are already known. The first connection is a logical connection between the first serving gateway and a third node.
[0568] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action is implemented by calling the C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) , the present application provides a method applied to the first node to implement the action. FIG. 10A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a second forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first node. For the details of the first node, the second node, the third node, the fourth node, the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, and the first connection, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 6. The method illustrated in FIG. 10A is applied at the first node and includes the following steps:
[0569] At step S1001A, the method includes receiving a third establishment request from a second node.
[0570] The third establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to the fourth node in the external network.
[0571] In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway either on a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane. The third node and the first serving gateway can perform information exchanging over the first connection. The first connection is a specific example of the aforementioned NC-Ext connection with reference to FIG. 5. In an implementation, the first connection is a part of a second connection between the third node and the fourth node in the external network. The second connection is composed of the first connection and a connection between the first serving gateway and the fourth node. The third node can communicate with the fourth node through the second connection. The second connection involves exchange of control signaling and / or data traffic (either control signaling on the C / M plane or data traffic on the data plane) between the third node and the fourth node. This exchange passes through the first serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned external gateway connected to an entity in the external network) and the second serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned anchor gateway of the NC) connected to the third node. When the second connection is of a C / M type, the first connection is a C / M NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are C / M gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of control signaling. When the second connection is of a data type, the first connection is a data NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are data gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of data traffic.
[0572] In an implementation, the fourth node is the entity in the external network. In an implementation, to establish the second connection for communication between the third node and the fourth node, it is necessary to establish the first forwarding rule and the second forwarding rule in the first connection.
[0573] In an implementation, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and the first serving gateway. The communication may be exchange of control signaling and / or data traffic. In an implementation, the second forwarding rule may indicate a mapping among the first information for identifying the first connection, the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0574] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S1001A) by the first node to establish the second forwarding rule, the first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.
[0575] In an implementation, the third establishment request includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) ; a first information for identifying the first connection (e.g., an ID of the first connection) ; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) .
[0576] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the first connection, the third node and the first serving gateway respectively, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0577] In an implementation, the third establishment request further includes a third information for identifying the second serving gateway. For example, the third establishment request further includes an ID of the second serving gateway. The second node can request, by indicating the information for identifying the third node, the ID of the second serving gateway from the first node. Thus, the first node can provide, in response to the request, the second node with the ID of the second serving gateway. The determination of the second serving gateway enables the first node to identify which serving gateway can be configured with the second forwarding rule.
[0578] It is also possible that the first information for identifying the first connection can uniquely identify entities on the first connection, and the entities can include the third node, the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway and the fourth node. In this case, the third establishment request may simply include the first information for identifying the first connection. Based on the first information for identifying the first connection, the first node can determine the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, the third node and the fourth node based on the mapping among the first connection, the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, the third node and the fourth node.
[0579] In an implementation, the method further includes the following steps.
[0580] At step S1002A, the method includes, in response to receiving the third establishment request, enabling the second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule. Upon receiving the third establishment request, the first node enables the second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule. In an implementation, the second forwarding rule can indicate a mapping among the first information (e.g., an ID of the first connection) , the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) and the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) . In an implementation, the second forwarding rule can indicate a mapping among the first information (e.g., an ID of the first connection) , the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) , the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) and the second serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the second serving gateway) . In an implementation, the aforementioned mapping can be stored in a local cache of the first node.
[0581] Upon receiving the third establishment request, the first node can effectively configure the second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0582] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the second serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, the second serving gateway is controlled and managed by the first node. As a result, the step S1002A can be an internal operation in a NET4CON service to which the first node and the second serving gateway belong. This operation may be exposed to other nodes or kept unexposed. For example, the step S1002A includes, the first node determining the second serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the first information for identifying the first connection; and configuring / enabling the determined second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule.
[0583] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the second serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the first node may communicate with a C / M function (which is referred as another node below) of the BAS domain in which the second serving gateway is located. The first node may then pass required information (e.g., through a message) to this C / M function to achieve configuration of the second serving gateway. The C / M function in the same BAS domain as the second serving gateway is responsible for management of connectivity related to the second serving gateway, and for operations of the second serving gateway. For example, the step S1002A includes, the first node determining the second serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the first information for identifying the first connection, and the first node transmitting a message to another node (C / M function) in the BAS domain where the second serving gateway is located; then the another node enabling the second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule based on the received the message. As a result, the second serving gateway establishes the second forwarding rule.
[0584] In an implementation, the step S1002A of enabling the second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule can include: the first node transmitting a message to the second serving gateway. Correspondingly, the second serving gateway receives the message from the first node, and the second serving gateway establishes the second forwarding rule based on the message. The message is configured to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second serving gateway. In the case where the first node and the second serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the message may be transmitted from the first node to the another node which manages connectivity and operations related to the second serving gateway. The another node then transmits a message to the second serving gateway, and the message from the another node to the second serving gateway may be the same as the message received by the another node from the first node. By transmitting the message from the first node to the second serving gateway, the second serving gateway can effectively establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections.
[0585] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the second serving gateway includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) ; a first information for identifying the first connection (e.g., an ID of the first connection) ; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) . Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the second serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the first serving gateway respectively, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0586] The second serving gateway establishes the second forwarding rule based on the message received from the first node. The message is based on the third establishment request and can include some or all of information in the third establishment request. In an implementation, after establishing the second forwarding rule, the second serving gateway can maintain a correspondence of the identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., the ID of the third node) , the first information (e.g. the ID of the first connection) and the fourth information (e.g., the ID of the first serving gateway) .
[0587] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the second serving gateway includes a third information for identifying the second serving gateway. For example, the third establishment request further includes an ID of the second serving gateway. Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second serving gateway.
[0588] In an implementation, the reception step S1001A and the enabling step S1002A constitute an action to establish the second forwarding rule. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as third establishment service herein) provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the enablement, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0589] In an implementation, the third establishment request can identify the action. For example, the third establishment request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., including an ID of the action, and the first node is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first node receives the third establishment request which includes the ID of the action, the first node has the knowledge that the third establishment request includes a request to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 6. By including the information for identifying the action in the third establishment request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the third establishment request.
[0590] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established at the second serving gateway.
[0591] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action “establishment of second forwarding rule at the anchor gateway” is implemented by calling the anchor gateway (which is also referred to as second serving gateway below) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the second serving gateway to implement the action. FIG. 10B shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a second forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the second serving gateway. For the details of the first node, the second node, the third node, the fourth node, the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, and the first connection, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 6. For the details of the second forwarding rule, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 10A. The method illustrated in FIG. 10B is applied at the second serving gateway and includes the following steps:
[0592] At step S1001B, the method includes receiving a fourth establishment request from a second node.
[0593] At step S1002B, the method includes, in response to receiving the fourth establishment request, establishing a second forwarding rule.
[0594] The fourth establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to the fourth node in the external network.
[0595] In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway either on a C / M plane or a data plane. The third node and the first serving gateway can perform information exchanging over the first connection. The first connection is a specific example of the aforementioned NC-Ext connection with reference to FIG. 5. In an implementation, the first connection is a part of a second connection between the third node and the fourth node in the external network. The second connection is composed of the first connection and a connection between the first serving gateway and the fourth node. The third node can communicate with the fourth node through the second connection. The second connection involves exchange of control signaling and / or data traffic (either control signaling on the C / M plane or data traffic on the data plane) between the third node and the fourth node. This exchange passes through the first serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned external gateway connected to an entity in the external network) and the second serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned anchor gateway of the NC) connected to the third node. When the second connection is of a C / M type, the first connection is a C / M NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are C / M gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of control signaling. When the second connection is of a data type, the first connection is a data NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are data gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of data traffic.
[0596] In an implementation, the fourth node is the entity in the external network. In an implementation, to establish the second connection for communication between the third node and the fourth node, it is necessary to establish the first forwarding rule and the second forwarding rule in the first connection.
[0597] Upon receiving the fourth establishment request, the second serving gateway can effectively establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0598] In an implementation, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0599] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) ; a first information for identifying the first connection (e.g., an ID of the first connection) ; and a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) .
[0600] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the second serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the first serving gateway respectively, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.
[0601] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request further includes a third information for identifying the second serving gateway. For example, the fourth establishment request further includes an ID of the second serving gateway. Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second serving gateway.
[0602] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S1001B) by the second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule, the first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.
[0603] In an implementation, the reception step S1001B and the establishment step S1002B constitute an action to establish the second forwarding rule. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as fourth establishment service herein) provided by the second serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The second serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the establishment, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0604] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request can identify the action. For example, the fourth establishment request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., including an ID of the action, and the second serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the second serving gateway receives the fourth establishment request which includes the ID of the action, the second serving gateway has the knowledge that the fourth establishment request includes a request to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 6. By including the information for identifying the action in the fourth establishment request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the fourth establishment request.
[0605] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established at the second serving gateway.
[0606] For the action “establishment of the second forwarding rule” performed by either the first node or the second serving gateway, the NCDL of the action includes the following: Name of the action: Establishment of the second forwarding rule. Pre-condition of the action: The first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are already known. Post-condition of the action: The second forwarding rule has been established at the second serving gateway. One or more parameters related to the action: Input parameters such as the identification information for identifying the third node; the first information for identifying the first connection; and the fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway; optional the third information for identifying the second serving gateway.
[0607] The following is an example NCDL of the action “establishment of second forwarding rule” at the second serving gateway, which could be implemented by calling the first node or the second serving gateway.
[0608] Name of the action: Establishment of forwarding rule at an anchor gateway (which is a specific example of aforementioned second serving gateway) .
[0609] Purpose of the action: The purpose of the action is for the anchor gateway (e.g., anchor C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW) of an NC (entity) to establish a forwarding rule (which is a specific example of the aforementioned second forwarding rule) for a NC-Ext connection (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first connection) . The NC-Ext connection is between the NC (entity) and an external gateway (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first serving gateway) connected to the external network. The NC (entity) (which is a specific example of the aforementioned third node) can be a C / M NC (entity) or a Data NC (entity) .
[0610] Pre-condition of the action: NC-Ext connection ID pair has been assigned and IDs of the anchor gateway and the external gateway are available.
[0611] Post-condition of the action: The forwarding rule has been established at the anchor gateway.
[0612] Table 5 shows parameters related to the NCDL of the action “establishment of forwarding rule at the anchor gateway” . Table 5
[0613] The parameters shown in Table 5 represent different capability dimensions for the action “establishment of forwarding rule at the anchor gateway” . The capability dimensions can include input dimensions, in which the input dimensions are used to indicate required input information for the execution of the action. Definitions of the capability dimensions are as follows: · NC ID: ID of the NC (entity) . · DL-CID: ID of the NC-Ext connection from the external gateway to the NC. · ID of external gateway: ID of the external gateway. · UL-CID: ID of the NC-Ext connection from the NC to the external gateway.
[0614] Use of the NCDL: · This NCDL may be subscribed to by the A-CAP and other NCs. · This action is called when the NC-Ext connection needs to be established. · This action can be called by the A-CAP directly or via a NET4CON C / M function (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first node) . · When this action is called, the anchor gateway establishes the forwarding rule. After the forwarding rule has been established and the NC-Ext connection has been established, when receiving packets related to the NC-Ext connection, the anchor gateway performs the followings: -For received packets from the external gateway with the DL-CID, mapping to the NC. -For received packets from the NC with the UL-CID, routing to the external gateway.
[0615] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the action is to remove a second forwarding rule at an anchor gateway of an NC. Each action includes a unique action name for facilitating other NCs to subscribe to the action. For example, the action name can be “removal of second forwarding rule at the anchor gateway” , “third removal service” , or “fourth removal service” . The action could be implemented by calling the anchor gateway (which is also referred to as second serving gateway below) or a C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) in a BAS domain. The C / M function can be in the same BAS domain where the anchor gateway is located or in a BAS domain different from the BAS domain where the anchor gateway is located. In an implementation, this action can be called when a first connection between an NC and the external gateway has been de-activated.
[0616] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action is implemented by calling the C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) , the present application provides a method applied to the first node to implement the action. FIG. 11A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a second forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first node. For the detailed definitions of the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, the first node, the second node, the third node, the fourth node and the first connection in this embodiment, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 6. For the detailed definitions of second forwarding rule in this embodiment, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 10A. The method illustrated in FIG. 11A is applied at the first node and includes the following steps:
[0617] At step S1101A, the method includes receiving a third removal request from a second node.
[0618] The third removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to the fourth node in the external network.
[0619] In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway either on a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane. The third node and the first serving gateway can perform information exchanging over the first connection. The first connection is a specific example of the aforementioned NC-Ext connection with reference to FIG. 5. In an implementation, the first connection is a part of a second connection between the third node and the fourth node in the external network. The second connection is composed of the first connection and a connection between the first serving gateway and the fourth node. The third node can communicate with the fourth node through the second connection. The second connection involves exchange of control signaling and / or data traffic (either control signaling on the C / M plane or data traffic on the data plane) between the third node and the fourth node. This exchange passes through the first serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned external gateway connected to an entity in the external network) and the second serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned anchor gateway of the NC) connected to the third node. When the second connection is of a C / M type, the first connection is a C / M NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are C / M gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of control signaling. When the second connection is of a data type, the first connection is a data NC-Ext connection. The first serving gateway and the second serving gateway are data gateways. The information exchanging over the second connection is exchange of data traffic.
[0620] In an implementation, the fourth node is the entity in the external network. In an implementation, to establish the second connection for communication between the third node and the fourth node, it is necessary to establish the first forwarding rule and the second forwarding rule in the first connection.
[0621] In an implementation, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0622] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S1101A) by the first node to remove the second forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated.
[0623] In an implementation, the de-activation of the first connection includes the third node having removed the mapping related to the first connection, such as the mapping among the first connection, the third node and the first serving gateway. The pre-condition for de-activation of the first connection can be, for example, there is no traffic on the first connection for a certain period of time, or communication finishes, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0624] In an implementation, the third removal request includes a first information for identifying the first connection. The first information may uniquely identify entities on the first connection, the entities would include the third node, the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway and the fourth node. Based on the first information for identifying the first connection in the third removal request, the first node can determine the second serving gateway, which enables the first node to identify the serving gateway for which the second forwarding rule should be removed.
[0625] In an implementation, the third removal request further includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) and a third information for identifying the second serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the second serving gateway) . Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node enables the first node to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway enables the first node to determine the second serving gateway more efficiently.
[0626] In an implementation, the method further includes the following steps.
[0627] At step S1102A, the method includes, in response to receiving the third removal request, enabling the second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule. Upon receiving the third removal request, the first node enables / configures the second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule. In an implementation, the second forwarding rule can indicate a mapping among the first information (e.g., an ID of the first connection) , the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) and the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) . In an implementation, the second forwarding rule can indicate a mapping among the first information (e.g., an ID of the first connection) , the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) , the first serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the first serving gateway) and the second serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the second serving gateway) . In an implementation, the aforementioned mapping can be stored in a local cache of the first node.
[0628] Upon receiving the third removal request, the first node can effectively configure the second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections, and saving the network overhead.
[0629] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the second serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, the second serving gateway is controlled and managed by the first node. As a result, the step S1102A can be an internal operation in a NET4CON service to which the first node and the second serving gateway belong. This operation may be exposed to other nodes or kept unexposed. For example, the step S1102A includes, the first node determining the second serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the first information for identifying the first connection; and configuring / enabling the determined second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule.
[0630] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the second serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the first node may communicate with a C / M function (which is referred as another node below) of the BAS domain in which the second serving gateway is located. The first node may then pass required information (e.g., through a message) to this C / M function to achieve configuration of the second serving gateway. The C / M function in the same BAS domain as the second serving gateway is responsible for management of connectivity related to the second serving gateway, and for operations of the second serving gateway. For example, the step S1102A includes, the first node determining the second serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the first information for identifying the first connection, and the first node transmitting a message to another node (C / M function) in the BAS domain where the second serving gateway is located; then the another node enabling the second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule based on the received the message. As a result, the second serving gateway removes the second forwarding rule.
[0631] In an implementation, the step S1102A of enabling the second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule can include: the first node transmitting a message to the second serving gateway. Correspondingly, the second serving gateway receives the message from the first node, and the second serving gateway removes the second forwarding rule in response to receiving the message. The message is configured to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second serving gateway. In the case where the first node and the second serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the message may be transmitted from the first node to the another node which manages connectivity and operations related to the second serving gateway. The another node then transmits a message to the second serving gateway, and the message from the another node to the second serving gateway may be the same as the message received by the another node from the first node. By transmitting the message from the first node to the second serving gateway, the second serving gateway can effectively remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections and saving the network overhead.
[0632] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the second serving gateway includes a first information for identifying the first connection. For example, the first information is an ID of the first connection. By including the first information, the second serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0633] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the second serving gateway includes identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) and a third information for identifying the second serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the second serving gateway) . Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node enables the second serving gateway to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second serving gateway.
[0634] In an implementation, the reception step S1101A and the enabling step S1102A constitute an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as third removal service herein) provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the enablement, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the second forwarding rule.
[0635] In an implementation, the third removal request can identify the action. For example, the third removal request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., including an ID of the action, and the first node is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first node receives the third removal request which includes the ID of the action, the first node has the knowledge that the third removal request includes a request to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 6. By including the information for identifying the action in the third removal request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the third removal request.
[0636] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed at the second serving gateway.
[0637] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action “removal of second forwarding rule at the anchor gateway” is implemented by calling the anchor gateway (which is also referred to as second serving gateway below) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the second serving gateway to implement the action. FIG. 11B shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a second forwarding rule according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the second serving gateway. For the details of the first node, the second node, the third node, the fourth node, the first serving gateway, the second serving gateway, and the first connection, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 6. For the details of the second forwarding rule, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 10A. The method illustrated in FIG. 11B is applied at the second serving gateway and includes the following steps:
[0638] At step S1101B, the method includes receiving a fourth removal request from a second node.
[0639] At step S1102B, the method includes, in response to receiving the fourth removal request, removing a second forwarding rule at a second serving gateway.
[0640] The fourth removal request includes a request to remove the second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to the fourth node in the external network.
[0641] In an implementation, the fourth removal request includes a first information for identifying the first connection. For example, the first information is an ID of the first connection. By including the first information, the second serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0642] In an implementation, the fourth removal request further includes one or more of: identification information for identifying the third node (e.g., an ID of the third node) and a third information for identifying the second serving gateway (e.g., an ID of the second serving gateway) . Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node enables the second serving gateway to identify the third node more efficiently. Inclusion of the third information for identifying the second serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second serving gateway.
[0643] Upon receiving the fourth removal request, the second serving gateway can effectively remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby enhancing the flexibility and management efficiency of network connections, and saving the network overhead.
[0644] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S1101B) by the second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated. For example, the third node has removed the mapping related to the first connection, such as the mapping among the first connection, the third node and the first serving gateway.
[0645] In an implementation, the reception step S1101B and the removal step S1102B constitute an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as fourth removal service herein) provided by the second serving gateway for management network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The second serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the removal, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the second forwarding rule.
[0646] In an implementation, the fourth removal request can identify the action. For example, the fourth removal request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., including an ID of the action, and the second serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the second serving gateway receives the fourth removal request which includes the ID of the action, the second serving gateway has the knowledge that the fourth removal request includes a request to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 6. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the second serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0647] In an implementation, the method further includes: the second serving gateway transmitting a response message. The response message is configured to report the removal of the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway. The response message may be transmitted to a C / M function in a BAS domain where the second serving gateway is located. When the second serving gateway is in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be ...
Claims
1.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving an assignment request from a second node, wherein the assignment request comprises a request to assign a first information for identifying a first connection, wherein the first connection is between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, wherein the assignment request comprises a second information related to the third node and a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected;determining the first serving gateway based on the third information; andassigning the first information to the first connection.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the second information related to the third node comprises one or more of:information about a type of the third node; andidentification information for identifying the third node.3.The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first information is stored by the first node in a local cache.4.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein for execution of the method to assign identification to the first connection, the second serving gateway is already known.5.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:transmitting a response message to the second node, wherein the response message comprises a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway and the first information.6.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein determining the first serving gateway based on the third information comprises:selecting the first serving gateway based on the third information.7.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first connection comprises an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information comprises information for identifying the output connection; and / orthe first connection comprises an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information comprises information for identifying the input connection.8.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.9.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method constitutes an action to assign identification to the first connection, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein the assignment request further comprises information for identifying the action.11.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.12.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been determined and the first information has been assigned to the first connection.13.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a removal request from a second node, wherein the removal request comprises a request to remove a first information, the first information assigned to a first connection for identifying the first connection, wherein the first connection is between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, wherein the removal request comprises a second information related to the third node; andin response to receiving the removal request, removing the first information.14.The method according to claim 13, wherein the second information related to the third node comprises one or more of:information about a type of the third node; andidentification information for identifying the third node.15.The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein for execution of the method to remove identification of the first connection, a first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first serving gateway has been removed, and / or a second forwarding rule for the first connection at a second serving gateway has been removed, wherein the second serving gateway is connected to the third node.16.The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein:the first connection comprises an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information comprises information for identifying the output connection; and / orthe first connection comprises an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information comprises information for identifying the input connection.17.The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.18.The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the method constitutes an action to remove identification of the first connection, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.19.The method according to claim 18, wherein the removal request further comprises information for identifying the action.20.The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.21.The method according to any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein after execution of the method, the first information has been removed.22.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a first establishment request from a second node, wherein the first establishment request comprises a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the first establishment request, enabling the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule.23.The method according to claim 22, wherein the first establishment request comprises one or more of:a first information for identifying the first connection;a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node; anda second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node.24.The method according to claim 23, wherein the first establishment request further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;information about a type of the third node;a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected;a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway;a first quality of service (QoS) information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node;a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node;a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; anda second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic.25.The method according to claim 23 or 24, wherein:the first connection comprises an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information comprises information for identifying the output connection; and / orthe first connection comprises an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information comprises information for identifying the input connection.26.The method according to any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein enabling the first serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule comprises:transmitting a message to the first serving gateway, wherein the message is configured to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first serving gateway.27.The method according to claim 26, wherein the message comprises one or more of:a first information for identifying the first connection;a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node; anda second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node.28.The method according to claim 27, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;information about a type of the third node;a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected;a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway;a first QoS information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node;a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node;a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; anda second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic.29.The method according to any one of claims 22 to 28, wherein the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the fourth node and a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected.30.The method according to any one of claims 22 to 29, wherein the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway either on a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.31.The method according to any one of claims 22 to 30, wherein for execution of the method to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway, the first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known, and a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node is already known.32.The method according to any one of claims 22 to 31, wherein the method constitutes an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.33.The method according to claim 32, wherein the first establishment request further comprises information for identifying the action.34.The method according to any one of claims 22 to 33, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.35.The method according to any one of claims 22 to 34, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established at the first serving gateway.36.A method applied to a first serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a message from a first node, wherein the message is configured to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the message, establishing the first forwarding rule.37.The method according to claim 36, wherein the message comprises one or more of:a first information for identifying the first connection;a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node; anda second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node.38.The method according to claim 37, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;information about a type of the third node;a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected;a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway;a first quality of service (QoS) information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node;a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node;a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; anda second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic.39.The method according to any one of claims 36 to 38, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established at the first serving gateway.40.A method applied to a first serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a second establishment request from a second node, wherein the second establishment request comprises a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the second establishment request, establishing the first forwarding rule.41.The method according to claim 40, wherein the second establishment request comprises one or more of:a first information for identifying the first connection;a first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node; anda second reachable address in the external network for the fourth node.42.The method according to claim 41, wherein the second establishment request further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;information about a type of the third node;a third information for identifying a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected;a fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway;a first QoS information corresponding to incoming traffic from the fourth node to the third node;a second QoS information corresponding to outgoing traffic from the third node to the fourth node;a first filtering rule corresponding to the incoming traffic; anda second filtering rule corresponding to the outgoing traffic.43.The method according to claim 41 or 42, wherein:the first connection comprises an output connection from the third node to the first serving gateway, and the first information comprises information for identifying the output connection; and / orthe first connection comprises an input connection from the first serving gateway to the third node, and the first information comprises information for identifying the input connection.44.The method according to any one of claims 40 to 43, wherein for execution of the method to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway, the first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known, and the first reachable address in the external network for traffic related to the third node is already known.45.The method according to any one of claims 40 to 44, wherein the method constitutes an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.46.The method according to claim 45, wherein the second establishment request further comprises information for identifying the action.47.The method according to any one of claims 40 to 46, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.48.The method according to any one of claims 40 to 47, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established at the first serving gateway.49.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a first removal request from a second node, wherein the first removal request comprises a request to remove a first forwarding rule, the first forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the first removal request, enabling the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule.50.The method according to claim 49, wherein the first removal request comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.51.The method according to claim 50, wherein the first removal request further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;information about a type of the third node; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.52.The method according to any one of claims 49 to 51, wherein enabling the first serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule comprises:transmitting a message to the first serving gateway, wherein the message is configured to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first serving gateway.53.The method according to claim 52, wherein the message comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.54.The method according to claim 53, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;information about a type of the third node; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.55.The method according to any one of claims 49 to 54, wherein the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the fourth node and a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected.56.The method according to any one of claims 49 to 55, wherein the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.57.The method according to any one of claims 49 to 56, wherein for execution of the method to remove the first forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated.58.The method according to any one of claims 49 to 57, wherein the method constitutes an action to remove the first forwarding rule, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.59.The method according to claim 58, wherein the first removal request further comprises information for identifying the action.60.The method according to any one of claims 49 to 59, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.61.The method according to any one of claims 49 to 60, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed at the first serving gateway.62.A method applied to a first serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a message from a first node, wherein the message is configured to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the message, removing the first forwarding rule.63.The method according to claim 62, wherein the message comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.64.The method according to claim 63, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;information about a type of the third node; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.65.The method according to any one of claims 62 to 64, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed at the first serving gateway.66.A method applied to a first serving gateway, comprising:receiving a second removal request from a second node, wherein the second removal request comprises a request to remove a first forwarding rule, the first forwarding rule established for a first connection between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the second establishment request, removing the first forwarding rule.67.The method according to claim 66, wherein the second removal request comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.68.The method according to claim 67, wherein the second removal request further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;information about a type of the third node; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.69.The method according to any one of claims 66 to 68, wherein for execution of the method to remove the first forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated.70.The method according to any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein the method constitutes an action to remove the first forwarding rule, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.71.The method according to claim 70, wherein the second removal request further comprises information for identifying the action.72.The method according to any one of claims 66 to 71, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.73.The method according to any one of claims 66 to 72, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed at the first serving gateway.74.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a third establishment request from a second node, wherein the third establishment request comprises a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the third establishment request, enabling a second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule, wherein the second serving gateway is connected to the third node.75.The method according to claim 74, wherein the third establishment request comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;a first information for identifying the first connection; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.76.The method according to claim 75, wherein the third establishment request further comprises a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.77.The method according to any one of claims 74 to 76, wherein enabling the second serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule comprises:transmitting a message to the second serving gateway, wherein the message is configured to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second serving gateway.78.The method according to claim 77, wherein the message comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;a first information for identifying the first connection; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.79.The method according to claim 78, wherein the message further comprises a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.80.The method according to any one of claims 74 to 79, wherein the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and the first serving gateway.81.The method according to any one of claims 74 to 80, wherein the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.82.The method according to any one of claims 74 to 81, wherein for execution of the method to establish the second forwarding rule, the first information has been assigned to the first connection, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.83.The method according to any one of claims 74 to 82, wherein the method constitutes an action to establish the second forwarding rule, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.84.The method according to claim 83, wherein the third establishment request further comprises information for identifying the action.85.The method according to any one of claims 74 to 84, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.86.The method according to any one of claims 74 to 85, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established at the second serving gateway.87.A method applied to a second serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a message from a first node, wherein the message is configured to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the message, establishing the second forwarding rule.88.The method according to claim 87, wherein the message comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;a first information for identifying the first connection; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.89.The method according to claim 88, wherein the message further comprises a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.90.The method according to any one of claims 87 to 89, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established at the second serving gateway.91.A method applied to a second serving gateway, comprising:receiving a fourth establishment request from a second node, wherein the fourth establishment request comprises a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the fourth establishment request, establishing the second forwarding rule.92.The method according to claim 91, wherein the fourth establishment request comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;a first information for identifying the first connection; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.93.The method according to claim 92, wherein the fourth establishment request further comprises a third information for identifying the second serving gateway.94.The method according to any one of claims 91 to 93, wherein the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and the first serving gateway.95.The method according to any one of claims 91 to 94, wherein the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.96.The method according to any one of claims 91 to 95, wherein for execution of the method to establish the second forwarding rule, the first information assigned to the first node, the first serving gateway and the second serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.97.The method according to any one of claims 91 to 96, wherein the method constitutes an action to establish the second forwarding rule, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the second serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.98.The method according to claim 97, wherein the fourth establishment request further comprises information for identifying the action.99.The method according to any one of claims 91 to 98, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.100.The method according to any one of claims 91 to 99, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established at the second serving gateway.101.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a third removal request from a second node, wherein the third removal request comprises a request to remove a second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the third removal request, enabling a second serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule, wherein the second serving gateway is connected to the third node.102.The method according to claim 101, wherein the third removal request comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.103.The method according to claim 102, wherein the third removal request further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node; anda third information for identifying the second serving gateway.104.The method according to any one of claims 101 to 103, wherein enabling the first serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule comprises:transmitting a message to the second serving gateway, wherein the message is configured to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second serving gateway.105.The method according to claim 104, wherein the message comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.106.The method according to claim 105, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node; anda third information for identifying the second serving gateway.107.The method according to any one of claims 101 to 106, wherein the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and the first serving gateway.108.The method according to any one of claims 101 to 107, wherein the first connection enables communication between the third node and the first serving gateway on either a control and management (C / M) plane or a data plane.109.The method according to any one of claims 101 to 108, wherein for execution of the method to remove the second forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated.110.The method according to any one of claims 101 to 109, wherein the method constitutes an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.111.The method according to claim 110, wherein the third removal request further comprises information for identifying the action.112.The method according to any one of claims 101 to 111, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.113.The method according to any one of claims 101 to 112, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed at the second serving gateway.114.A method applied to a second serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a message from a first node, wherein the message is configured to remove a second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the message, removing the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.115.The method according to claim 114, wherein the message comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.116.The method according to claim 115, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node; anda third information for identifying the second serving gateway.117.The method according to any one of claims 114 to 116, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed at the second serving gateway.118.A method applied to a second serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a fourth removal request from a second node, wherein the fourth removal request comprises a request to remove a second forwarding rule, the second forwarding rule established for a first connection between a first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the fourth removal request, removing the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway.119.The method according to claim 118, wherein the fourth removal request comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.120.The method according to claim 119, wherein the fourth removal request further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node; anda third information for identifying the second serving gateway.121.The method according to any one of claims 118 to 120, wherein for execution of the method to remove the second forwarding rule, the first connection has been de-activated.122.The method according to any one of claims 118 to 121, wherein the method constitutes an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the second serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.123.The method according to claim 122, wherein the fourth removal request further comprises information for identifying the action.124.The method according to any one of claims 118 to 123, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.125.The method according to any one of claims 118 to 124, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed at the second serving gateway.126.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a first activation instruction from a second node, wherein the first activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, wherein the first activation instruction comprises a first information for identifying the first connection; andin response to receiving the first activation instruction, instructing the first serving gateway to activate the first connection.127.The method according to claim 126, wherein the first activation instruction further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;authentication information for protecting the first connection; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.128.The method according to claim 126 or 127, further comprising:transmitting a second activation instruction to the first serving gateway, wherein the second activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to activate the first connection.129.The method according to any one of claims 126 to 128, wherein for execution of the method to instruct activation of the first connection, a first forwarding rule for the first connection has been established at the first serving gateway, and a second forwarding rule for the first connection has been established at a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected.130.The method according to any one of claims 126 to 129, wherein the method constitutes an action to instruct activation of the first connection, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.131.The method according to any one of claims 126 to 130, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.132.The method according to any one of claims 126 to 131, wherein after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been instructed to activate the first connection.133.A method applied to a first serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a third activation instruction from a second node, wherein the third activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, wherein the third activation instruction comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.134.The method according to claim 133, wherein the third activation instruction further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;authentication information for protecting the first connection; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.135.The method according to claim 133 or 134, where for execution of the method to instruct activation of the first connection, a first forwarding rule for the first connection has been established at the first serving gateway, and a second forwarding rule for the first connection has been established at a second serving gateway to which the third node is connected.136.The method according to any one of claims 133 to 135, wherein the method constitutes an action to instruct activation of the first connection, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.137.The method according to any one of claims 133 to 136, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.138.The method according to any one of claims 133 to 137, wherein after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been instructed to activate the first connection.139.A method applied to a second node for managing network connections, comprising:transmitting an activation instruction, wherein the activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, wherein the activation instruction comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.140.The method according to claim 139, wherein the activation instruction further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;authentication information for protecting the first connection; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.141.The method according to claim 139 or 140, wherein the activation instruction is a first activation instruction transmitted to a first node, or a third activation instruction transmitted to the first serving gateway.142.A method applied to a first serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving an activation instruction, wherein the activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, and wherein the activation instruction comprises a first information for identifying the first connection; andin response receiving the activation instruction, activating the first connection.143.The method according to claim 142, wherein the activation instruction further comprises one or more of:identification information for identifying the third node;authentication information for protecting the first connection; anda fourth information for identifying the first serving gateway.144.The method according to claim 142 or 143, wherein the activation instruction is a second activation instruction received from a first node, or a third activation instruction received from a second node.145.The method according to any one of claims 142 to 144, wherein activating the first connection comprises:transmitting a fourth activation instruction to the third node, wherein the fourth activation instruction is configured to notify the third node of the first connection.146.The method according to claim 145, wherein the fourth activation instruction comprises the first information for identifying the first connection.147.The method according to any one of claims 142 to 146, wherein the method constitutes an action to activate the first connection, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by a second node.148.The method according to claim 147, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.149.The method according to any one of claims 142 to 148, wherein after execution of the method, the first connection has been activated.150.A method applied to a third node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a fourth activation instruction from a first serving gateway, wherein the fourth activation instruction is configured to inform the third node of a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and the third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network; andin response to receiving the fourth activation instruction, maintaining the first connection.151.The method according to claim 150, wherein the fourth activation instruction comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.152.The method according to claim 150 or 151, further comprising:establishing a mapping between incoming traffic and the first connection, and / or, a mapping between outgoing traffic and the first connection.153.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a first de-activation instruction from a second node, wherein the first de-activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to de-activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, wherein the first de-activation instruction comprises a first information for identifying the first connection; andin response to receiving the first de-activation instruction, instructing the first serving gateway to de-activate the first connection.154.The method according to claim 153, wherein the first de-activation instruction further comprises identification information for identifying the third node.155.The method according to claim 153 or 154, further comprising:transmitting a second de-activation instruction to the first serving gateway, wherein the second de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to de-activate the first connection.156.The method according to any one of claims 153 to 155, where for execution of the method to instruct de-activation of the first connection, one or more of the following conditions are met:a communication between the third node and the fourth node has been completed;absence of activity on the first connection for a pre-defined time interval; orthe third node has been removed.157.The method according to any one of claims 153 to 156, wherein the method constitutes an action to instruct de-activation of the first connection, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.158.The method according to any one of claims 153 to 157, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.159.The method according to any one of claims 153 to 158, wherein after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been instructed to de-activate the first connection.160.A method applied to a first serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a third de-activation instruction from a second node, wherein the third de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to de-activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, wherein the third de-activation instruction comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.161.The method according to claim 160, wherein third de-activation instruction further comprises identification information for identifying the third node.162.The method according to claim 160 or 161, wherein for execution of the method to instruct de-activation of the first connection, one or more of the following conditions are met:a communication between the third node and the fourth node has been completed;absence of activity on the first connection for a pre-defined time interval; orthe third node has been removed.163.The method according to any one of claims 160 to 162, wherein the method constitutes an action to instruct de-activation of the first connection, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections, wherein the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs.164.The method according to any one of claims 160 to 163, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.165.The method according to any one of claims 160 to 164, wherein after execution of the method, the first serving gateway has been instructed to de-activate the first connection.166.A method applied to a second node for managing network connections, comprising:transmitting a de-activation instruction, wherein the de-activation instruction is configured to instruct a first serving gateway to de-activate a first connection, the first connection being between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network, wherein the de-activation instruction comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.167.The method according to claim 166, wherein the de-activation instruction further comprises identification information for identifying the third node.168.The method according to claim 166 or 167, wherein the de-activation instruction is a first de-activation instruction transmitted to a first node, or a third de-activation instruction transmitted to the first serving gateway.169.A method applied to a first serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:de-activating a first connection when a trigger condition is met, wherein the first connection is between the first serving gateway and a third node, and the first serving gateway is connected to a fourth node in an external network.170.The method according to claim 169, wherein de-activating the first connection comprises:transmitting a fourth de-activation instruction to the third node, wherein the fourth de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the third node to de-activate the first connection by removing a mapping between a first information for identifying the first connection and incoming traffic from the external network over the first connection, and / or, a mapping between a first information for identifying the first connection and outgoing traffic to the external network over the first connection.171.The method according to claim 170, wherein the fourth de-activation instruction comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.172.The method according to any one of claims 169 to 171, wherein the trigger condition comprises at least one of:receiving a de-activation instruction, wherein the de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the first serving gateway to de-activate the first connection;when a communication between the third node and the fourth node has been completed;absence of activity on the first connection for a pre-defined time interval; andwhen the third node has been removed.173.The method according to claim 172, wherein the de-activation instruction comprises a first information for identifying the first connection.174.The method according to claims 172 or 173, wherein the de-activation instruction further comprises identification information for identifying the third node.175.The method according to any one of claims 169 to 174, wherein when the trigger condition comprises receiving a de-activation instruction, the de-activation instruction is a second de-activation instruction received from a first node, or a third de-activation instruction received from a second node.176.The method according to any one of claims 169 to 175, wherein the method constitutes an action to de-activate the first connection, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by a second node.177.The method according to claim 176, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.178.The method according to any one of claims 169 to 177, wherein after execution of the method, the first connection is de-activated.179.A method applied to a third node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a fourth de-activation instruction from a first serving gateway, wherein the fourth de-activation instruction is configured to instruct the third node to remove a mapping between a first information for identifying a first connection, and incoming or outgoing traffic from / to an external network over the first connection, the first connection is between the first serving gateway and the third node, and the first serving gateway connected to a fourth node in the external network; andin response to receiving the fourth de-activation instruction, removing the mapping.180.The method according to claim 179, wherein the fourth de-activation instruction comprises the first information.181.An apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method according to any one of claims 13 to 21, the method according to any one of claims 22 to 35, the method according to any one of claims 36 to 39, the method according to any one of claims 40 to 48, the method according to any one of claims 49 to 61, the method according to any one of claims 62 to 65, the method according to any one of claims 66 to 73, the method according to any one of claims 74 to 86, the method according to any one of claims 87 to 90, the method according to any one of claims 91 to 100, the method according to any one of claims 101 to 113, the method according to any one of claims 114 to 117, the method according to any one of claims 118 to 125, the method according to any one of claims 126 to 132, the method according to any one of claims 133 to 138, the method according to any one of claims 139 to 141, the method according to any one of claims 142 to 149, the method according to any one of claims 150 to 152, the method according to any one of claims 153 to 159, the method according to any one of claims 160 to 165, the method according to any one of claims 166 to 168, the method according to any one of claims 169 to 178, or the method according to claim 179 or 180.182.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method according to any one of claims 13 to 21, the method according to any one of claims 22 to 35, the method according to any one of claims 36 to 39, the method according to any one of claims 40 to 48, the method according to any one of claims 49 to 61, the method according to any one of claims 62 to 65, the method according to any one of claims 66 to 73, the method according to any one of claims 74 to 86, the method according to any one of claims 87 to 90, the method according to any one of claims 91 to 100, the method according to any one of claims 101 to 113, the method according to any one of claims 114 to 117, the method according to any one of claims 118 to 125, the method according to any one of claims 126 to 132, the method according to any one of claims 133 to 138, the method according to any one of claims 139 to 141, the method according to any one of claims 142 to 149, the method according to any one of claims 150 to 152, the method according to any one of claims 153 to 159, the method according to any one of claims 160 to 165, the method according to any one of claims 166 to 168, the method according to any one of claims 169 to 178, or the method according to claim 179 or 180.183.A computer program product comprising program code for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method according to any one of claims 13 to 21, the method according to any one of claims 22 to 35, the method according to any one of claims 36 to 39, the method according to any one of claims 40 to 48, the method according to any one of claims 49 to 61, the method according to any one of claims 62 to 65, the method according to any one of claims 66 to 73, the method according to any one of claims 74 to 86, the method according to any one of claims 87 to 90, the method according to any one of claims 91 to 100, the method according to any one of claims 101 to 113, the method according to any one of claims 114 to 117, the method according to any one of claims 118 to 125, the method according to any one of claims 126 to 132, the method according to any one of claims 133 to 138, the method according to any one of claims 139 to 141, the method according to any one of claims 142 to 149, the method according to any one of claims 150 to 152, the method according to any one of claims 153 to 159, the method according to any one of claims 160 to 165, the method according to any one of claims 166 to 168, the method according to any one of claims 169 to 178, or the method according to claim 179 or 180.184.A computer program comprising computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method according to any one of claims 13 to 21, the method according to any one of claims 22 to 35, the method according to any one of claims 36 to 39, the method according to any one of claims 40 to 48, the method according to any one of claims 49 to 61, the method according to any one of claims 62 to 65, the method according to any one of claims 66 to 73, the method according to any one of claims 74 to 86, the method according to any one of claims 87 to 90, the method according to any one of claims 91 to 100, the method according to any one of claims 101 to 113, the method according to any one of claims 114 to 117, the method according to any one of claims 118 to 125, the method according to any one of claims 126 to 132, the method according to any one of claims 133 to 138, the method according to any one of claims 139 to 141, the method according to any one of claims 142 to 149, the method according to any one of claims 150 to 152, the method according to any one of claims 153 to 159, the method according to any one of claims 160 to 165, the method according to any one of claims 166 to 168, the method according to any one of claims 169 to 178, or the method according to claim 179 or 180.185.A computer-readable medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method according to any one of claims 13 to 21, the method according to any one of claims 22 to 35, the method according to any one of claims 36 to 39, the method according to any one of claims 40 to 48, the method according to any one of claims 49 to 61, the method according to any one of claims 62 to 65, the method according to any one of claims 66 to 73, the method according to any one of claims 74 to 86, the method according to any one of claims 87 to 90, the method according to any one of claims 91 to 100, the method according to any one of claims 101 to 113, the method according to any one of claims 114 to 117, the method according to any one of claims 118 to 125, the method according to any one of claims 126 to 132, the method according to any one of claims 133 to 138, the method according to any one of claims 139 to 141, the method according to any one of claims 142 to 149, the method according to any one of claims 150 to 152, the method according to any one of claims 153 to 159, the method according to any one of claims 160 to 165, the method according to any one of claims 166 to 168, the method according to any one of claims 169 to 178, or the method according to claim 179 or 180.186.A chip, comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method according to any one of claims 13 to 21, the method according to any one of claims 22 to 35, the method according to any one of claims 36 to 39, the method according to any one of claims 40 to 48, the method according to any one of claims 49 to 61, the method according to any one of claims 62 to 65, the method according to any one of claims 66 to 73, the method according to any one of claims 74 to 86, the method according to any one of claims 87 to 90, the method according to any one of claims 91 to 100, the method according to any one of claims 101 to 113, the method according to any one of claims 114 to 117, the method according to any one of claims 118 to 125, the method according to any one of claims 126 to 132, the method according to any one of claims 133 to 138, the method according to any one of claims 139 to 141, the method according to any one of claims 142 to 149, the method according to any one of claims 150 to 152, the method according to any one of claims 153 to 159, the method according to any one of claims 160 to 165, the method according to any one of claims 166 to 168, the method according to any one of claims 169 to 178, or the method according to claim 179 or 180.
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