IMPROVEMENT APPLIED TO A PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING DEVICE WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF MESIOANGULATION AND DISTOANGULATION

Abstract

“Improvement applied to a periapical radiographic positioning device with the possibility of mesioangulation and distoangulation” represented by an inventive solution that finds significant benefit in the medical sector, notably in the area of ​​dentistry and more specifically in the field of endodontics, during the pre-, trans- and post-operative phases, but which can, however, be extended to other types of dental treatment, such as radiology and surgery, where an angular displacement adjustment of the radiographic positioning device (a) was introduced through an angular tab (2c) with an angular slot (2d) to which a movable base (5) is mounted integrally, which allows the angular displacement of the radiographic film plate, or radiological sensor, conferring greater precision in the acquisition of images of the intraoral region of interest to the patient, notably in situations of mesioangulation and distoangulation of this region of interest,particularly when applying Clark's method.

Description

1 / 15 “IMPROVEMENT APPLIED TO A PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING DEVICE WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF MESIOANGULATION AND DISTOANGULATION TERMINOLOGY [1] For the purpose of better understanding the subject matter disclosed and claimed in this patent application, the meaning of some terms frequently cited in the body of the descriptive report is presented, where: [2] - Periapical disease: is a generic name given to any pathological alteration that occurs at the apex of the dental roots. [3] - Periodontal disease: is an infectious inflammatory disease that affects the supporting (gingiva) and sustaining (cementum, periodontal ligament and bone) tissues of the teeth. It is characterized by the loss of periodontal ligament attachment and destruction of adjacent bone tissue. [4] - Mesial phase: phase of the tooth closest to the midline of the dental arch; [5] - Distal phase: the phase of the tooth furthest from the midline of the dental arch; [6] - Mesioangular tooth: the tooth is inclined towards the mesial face in relation to its own axis; [7] - Distoangulated tooth: the tooth is inclined towards the distal face in relation to its own axis; [8] - Periapical radiograph: these are radiographs taken of the teeth where the vestibular and lingual surfaces appear superimposed and the entire O / IA length (occlusal / incisal - apical) and Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 5 / 27 2 / 15 width MD (mesiodistal). This type of radiograph shows the entire tooth and the surrounding bone. They are used to show caries and periapical and periodontal diseases. [9] - Radiographic positioning device: allows periapical and interproximal radiographs to be taken quickly and accurately. Provides savings in time and radiographic film.

[10] - IPC: International Patent Classification.

[11] The list of terms, technologies and technical concepts presented in this preliminary topic should be appreciated for the correct understanding of this invention patent, providing the applicant with descriptive sufficiency, as well as being used as a reference for studies in comparative analyses, either with hypothetical state-of-the-art solutions not cited in this document or for products of the same nature and the same international patent classification (IPC), disclosed and / or marketed by third parties other than the holder(s) of this invention patent. FIELD OF APPLICATION

[12] The present invention patent, whose title is given above and which is the subject of description and claims in this document, deals with an inventive solution that finds significant benefit in the medical sector, particularly in the area of ​​dentistry and more specifically in the field of endodontics, during the pre-, trans- and post-operative phases, but may, however, be extended to other types of dental treatment, such as radiology and surgery. Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 6 / 27 3 / 15 INVENTION DEMAND

[13] In view of the field of application, technicians with expertise in the subject are unanimous in stating that although the methods for obtaining radiographic localization in endodontics are effective, it is inescapable to understand that for their effective application there are restrictive aspects regarding the necessary skill and precision of the professional who will perform the image capture procedure.

[14] In this context, the need to promote standardization in the capture of periapical radiographic images with the possibility of mesioangulation and distoangulation was identified, thus converging on better quality in obtaining and interpreting radiographs as well as a decrease in the number of errors in obtaining images and in the amount of radiation exposed to the patient. INVENTION REQUIREMENTS

[15] In line with the invention requirements, the applicant conceived the “improvement applied to a periapical radiographic positioning device with the possibility of mesioangulation and distoangulation” provided with novelty associated with inventive activity, as it does not arise in an obvious or evident way from other techniques anticipated by the state of the art, conferring advantages from the industrial, commercial and technical points of view.

[16] In addition, the “invention” has industrial applicability, is economically viable and therefore meets the strict requirements for patentability, notably Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 7 / 27 4 / 15 as a patent for invention, as stipulated in articles 8 and 13 of Law 9.279. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE TECHNIQUE

[17] In order to provide veracity, and to consolidate the context explained in the introductory table topics, an explanation will be presented on the state of the art for devices intended for the effective positioning of radiographs, or sensors, where after critical analysis of these, once evaluated by technicians in the field, they will be able to identify their limiting aspects, thus consolidating the identification of the previously mentioned demand.

[18] a. Brief understanding of endodontics: according to the previously defined field of application, it is known that endodontics is the specialty of dentistry responsible for the study of the dental pulp, the entire root canal system and the periapical tissues, as well as the diseases that affect them.

[19] As with all dental treatment, and endodontics is no different, X-ray technology is routinely used to identify both the nature of the intervention and the anatomical structure to be treated, because although it is not considered the most effective at present, as tomographic techniques are already applied in the field of dentistry, it is and will remain for a long time to come the most economically accessible technique.

[20] Also noteworthy is the use of “digital radiography” which is done through the use of an electronic sensor in the intraoral region, sensitive to the X-ray machine and connected to Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 8 / 27 5 / 15 computer. This technology eliminates the "radiographic film development" step, where the image obtained is sent directly to a computer viewing area.

[21] b. Methods applied for radiographic localization: given that X-ray technology (conventional and digital) provides two-dimensional images for a three-dimensional structure, notably the tooth structure, it is common knowledge and practice among specialists in the field of dentistry (professionals) to employ appropriate techniques in order to overcome the deficiency of two-dimensional images regarding depth.

[22] In this vein, numerous methods for radiographic localization are known, such as:

[23] - Miller-Winter method (double incidence: right angle): Defines the vestibulolingual position of impacted teeth, foreign bodies and pathological processes present in the posterior region of the mandible.

[24] - Donovan's method: used whenever the Miller-Winter occlusal radiograph does not fully show the roots of the third molars.

[25] - Parma method: when the conventional periapical technique does not fully locate the tooth in question.

[26] - Le Master's method: eliminate the superposition of the zygomatic process of the maxilla and the zygomatic bone over the root apices of the upper molars.

[27] - Mataldi temporo-tuberosity method - tt: to better visualize impacted upper third molars when there is difficulty in positioning the film and locator cylinder in the conventional periapical technique. Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 9 / 27 6 / 15

[28] - Clark's method: used for locating unerupted teeth, in the dissociation of overlapping root canals, in locating anomalies and pathological processes in relation to anatomical structures and in locating fractures.

[29] For the purposes of the present invention, the development of the improvement in radiographic positioning was motivated by the application of Clark's method as a paradigm, which will now be described in detail, as it is the one that considers the principle of parallax.

[30] The principle of parallax is described as being that when examining two similar objects that are in a straight line, the closer object will, to a certain extent, obscure the more distant one. If the observer moves to the right or to the left, one of the objects (closer) will move in the opposite direction and the other (more distant) will follow the direction of the deviation made.

[31] This principle applied to endodontics becomes clearer when figures .1a and .1b are observed, where:

[32] - Figure .1a illustrates an orthoradial P1 radiograph, 0 degrees, in which it is possible to have a first view of the tooth structure;

[33] - Figure 1b illustrates a mesioradial P2 radiograph, +20 degrees, and in this image it is possible to verify the presence of two canals in the mesial root (to the right of tooth 46, which is in the center of the image) due to the angulation of the radiographic axis to the mesial (right), causing the mesiolingual canal (which is further away) Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 10 / 27 7 / 15 projects mesially (to the right) while the mesiovestibular canal (which is closer) projects distally (to the left).

[34] c. Intraoral radiographic positioning device: the acquisition of images of a patient's intraoral structure is carried out using a device whose constructive concept is described as being composed of a positioning (or alignment) ring that is coupled to the body of the X-ray equipment barrel, which is supported by a structural rod and which at the other end supports the bite component and also the component that supports the radiographic film plate.

[35] d. Procedure for acquiring images of the intraoral structure:

[36] - Step .1: The patient is taken to an X-ray room, if the X-ray machine is not present in the treatment room, where he sits in a chair for greater comfort, so that the professional can then place an intraoral radiographic positioning device, here called conventional, in his mouth.

[37] - Step .2: The radiographic film, or sensor, is pre-placed in the base for fixing the film of the intraoral radiographic positioning device;

[38] - Step .3: The bite component of the intraoral radiographic positioning device is placed in the intraoral region of interest of the patient, who is then asked to bite down on the device, and remains in place until the end of the procedure;

[39] - Step .4: The alignment ring of the device Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 11 / 27 The 8 / 15 intraoral radiographic positioner is attached to the body of the X-ray machine;

[40] - Step 5: This is followed by the activation of the X-ray machine and acquisition of data from the patient's intraoral region of interest, recorded on the X-ray plate or digital sensor; and

[41] - Step .6: Recording the information by developing the X-ray plate or directly from the sensor by sending information to a computer database.

[42] e. Critical analysis of the conventional image acquisition procedure: although this procedure fulfills its intended function, experts in the field unanimously agree that the main problem identified lies in the operator's inability to perform an angled radiographic image using the exact angle of 20 degrees, which is considered ideal for adequate dissociation of the parallelism of the root canals to be analyzed.

[43] In this context, the measurement of this exact angle is performed randomly and empirically, which can lead to:

[44] - errors in interpreting the image result obtained in the intraoral region of interest;

[45] - excess radiation to which the patient is exposed, due to the need to repeat image acquisition procedures until the image is obtained with the required precision, or close to it;

[46] - increased treatment time due to the endodontist working with images that generally do not reflect the correct panorama of the intraoral region of interest; and

[47] - waste of material, notably of films of Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 12 / 27 9 / 15 X-rays require repeated image acquisition of the intraoral region of interest.

[48] ​​f. Cause of problems: in the case of difficulty in adjusting the radiographic angulation accommodated in the conventional intraoral radiographic positioning device, it occurs due to the anatomy of the patient's maxillary and mandibular bones, which are considered irregular, there already being a natural and individual bone angulation for each patient in each dental grouping region.

[49] In summary, the constructive concept of the conventional intraoral radiographic positioning device does not allow the dental professional, more specifically the X-ray equipment operator, freedom of angular adjustment of the X-ray plate position, and thus makes it necessary to acquire several images in order to reveal the image that most closely reflects the reality of the intraoral region of interest, for example, the ideal image as illustrated in the radiograph in figure .1b. INVENTION PROPOSAL

[50] a. Objective: to eliminate the list of problems previously listed, converging on the list of benefits:

[51] - greater accuracy in the result of the acquired image of the oral region of interest in its acquisition procedure;

[52] - to minimize the patient's exposure to radiation, due to the reduced need to repeat image acquisition procedures of the oral region of interest until an image with the required accuracy, or close to it, is obtained; Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 13 / 27 10 / 15

[53] - reduction in patient treatment time due to less need for repeated acquisition of images considered usable for the oral region of interest;

[54] - to make the procedure for acquiring images of the oral region of interest ergonomic for patients, notably by providing physical and psychological comfort; and

[55] - to mitigate the waste of material, especially X-ray films when acquiring images of the oral region of interest.

[56] b. Distinctive feature: to make the objective of the invention and the defined range of benefits feasible, an intervention was conceived in the product design of the conventional intraoral radiographic positioning device, where, in order to obtain greater precision in the application of Clark's method, among others, a degree of freedom of angular movement of the assembly formed by the components rod + bite support + base for fixing the radiographic film (or sensor) + radiographic film (or sensor) in relation to the alignment ring component was introduced.

[57] In a cross-reference, in a preferred embodiment the professional who will proceed with the acquisition of the image of the oral region of interest may promote the adjustment of the positioning of the radiological film (or sensor) in a course that varies from -Δθ° d Cd d + Δθ°.

[58] For the purpose of applying Clark's method, this range of angular variation is defined as - 20° d Cd d + 20°.

[59] c. Desired technical effect: the use of the improvement applied in an intraoral radiographic positioning device Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 14 / 27 11 / 15 ensures that an image such as that shown in figure .1b is obtained accurately, i.e., a mesioradial radiographic image (+20 degrees), in which it is possible to verify the presence of two canals in the mesial root (to the right of tooth 46, which is in the center of the image) due to the angulation of the radiographic axis to the mesial (right), causing the mesiolingual canal (which is further away) to project mesially (right) while the mesiovestibular canal (which is closer) projects distally (left). DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[60] To complement the present description in order to obtain a better understanding of the characteristics of the present invention and in accordance with a preferred practical embodiment thereof, a set of photographs and drawings is attached to the description, where:

[61] Figure .1a illustrates an orthoradial radiographic image (0 degrees);

[62] Figure .1b illustrates a mesioradial radiographic view (+20 degrees);

[63] Figure .2 is an illustrative representation in perspective view of a conventional intraoral radiographic positioning device;

[64] Figure .3a is an illustrative representation in perspective view of the improvement applied to an intraoral radiographic positioning device, in the coupling position to the X-ray equipment barrel; Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 15 / 27 12 / 15

[65] Figure .3b is an illustrative representation in front view of the improvement applied to an intraoral radiographic positioning device, in the coupling position to the X-ray equipment barrel;

[66] Figure .3c is an illustrative representation in elevation view of the improvement applied to an intraoral radiographic positioning device, in the coupling position to the X-ray equipment barrel;

[67] Figure .3d is an illustrative representation in side view of the improvement applied to an intraoral radiographic positioning device, in the coupling position to the X-ray equipment barrel;

[68] Detail .1 is a representation in enlarged elevation view of the improvement applied to an intraoral radiographic positioning device, highlighting its constructiveness;

[69] Detail .1 is a representation in enlarged elevation view and in cross section “XX of the distinctive feature region for the improvement applied in intraoral radiographic positioning device, highlighting its constructiveness;

[70] Detail .2 is an enlarged side view representation and orthogonal section “yy” of the distinctive feature region for the improvement applied to an intraoral radiographic positioning device, highlighting its construction, immediately before the coupling of the guide pin in the angular displacement travel channel;

[71] Detail .3 is an enlarged side view representation and orthogonal section “yy” of the feature region Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 16 / 27 13 / 15 distinctive for the improvement applied to an intraoral radiographic positioning device, highlighting its construction, immediately after coupling the guide pin in the angular displacement travel channel; and

[72] Figure .4 is an illustrative representation in elevation view of the improvement applied to an intraoral radiographic positioning device, in the coupling position to the X-ray equipment barrel, showing the operational range of angular displacement possible of the device itself with the possibility of mesioangulation and distoangulation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[73] The following detailed description should be read and interpreted with reference to the drawings presented, representing the state of the art for the conventional intraoral radiographic positioning device (Et} and the improvement applied to that device (A), not being intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is limited only to what is explicitly stated in the claims.

[74] a. State of the art: Figure 2 properly illustrates the constructiveness of a conventional intraoral radiographic positioning device (Et) for acquiring images of the intraoral structure of a patient, whose constructive concept is described as being composed of:

[75] - a positioning ring (1), or alignment ring that is coupled to the body of the X-ray equipment gun (not shown). Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 17 / 27 14 / 15

[76] - a structural rod (2) on which the positioning ring (1) is supported at one end and the bite component (3) is supported at the other end;

[77] - bite component (3) in which the patient bites to secure the device (Et) in the desired position in the patient's intraoral region of interest; and

[78] - support component (4), with the function of providing fixation for the radiographic film plate (not shown).

[79] b. Improvement applied to the conventional intraoral radiographic positioning device (A): as illustrated in figures .3a, .3b, .3c and .3d, it has the same technological basis as the conventional device (Et), and its constructive concept is described as follows:

[80] - positioning ring (1), identical to that of the conventional device (Et);

[81] - differentiated structural rod (2), formed by a main body (2a) whose posterior end (2b) supports the bite component (3), where its anterior end is defined by a pronounced angular flange (2c), provided with an angular slot (2d), see detail .1;

[82] - a mobile base (5), see details .1, .2 and .3, formed by a polygonal body (5a), with a cross-section in the shape of a horizontal “U”, to which a hole (5a') is defined, positioned aligned with the angular slot (2d) of the angular flange (2c), through which a guide pin (5b) passes, and at the front end of this polygonal body (5a) is defined the fitting (5c) for the positioning ring (1);

[83] The distinctive angled tab (2c) with angled slot (2d) has a defined displacement course defined by Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, page 18 / 27 15 / 15 range of -θΧ° ύ Cd ύ + θχ°, of the mobile base assembly (5) + differentiated structural rod (2) + bite component (3) + fixation support (4)” in relation to the Cartesian reference point” (Pr), which is the bite compression region of the tooth (Dn) and the bite component (3), as illustrated in figure .4.

[84] In a preferred embodiment where the enhancement is specified to meet image acquisition according to the Clark Method, the displacement course is defined in the range of -20° ύ Cd ύ + 20°.

[85] The choice of the preferred embodiment of the invention claimed in this document, described in this detailed section, is provided by way of example only. Alterations, modifications and variations may be made to any other embodiments of the improvement applied to a periapical radiographic positioning device with the possibility of mesioangulation and distoangulation, where such alterations may be devised by those skilled in the art without, however, departing from the objective disclosed in the present patent application, which is exclusively defined by the appended claims.

[86] It is verified from what has been described and illustrated that the “IMPROVEMENT APPLIED IN PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING DEVICE WITH POSSIBILITY OF MESIOANGULATION AND DISTOANGULATION” now claimed falls within the norms governing the patent of invention under the Industrial Property Law, deserving, as a consequence, the respective privilege. Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, p. 19 / 27

Claims

1 / 1 CLAIMS 1a) IMPROVEMENT APPLIED TO A PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING DEVICE where a positioning ring (1) of the positioning device (A) is coupled to the body of the X-ray equipment barrel, which is fixed to one end of a structural rod (2), the other end (2b) of which supports the bite component (3) and the fixing support component (4) respectively, wherein the improvement is characterized by the anterior end of the structural rod (2) having a defined angled flange (2c), provided with an angled slot (2d), with a displacement stroke of -ΘΧ° d Cd d + ΘΧ°, and to this angled slot (2d) is mounted the movable base (5), composed of a polygonal body (5a), with a cross-section in the shape of a horizontal “U”, to which is defined an orifice (5a'), positioned aligned with the angled slot (2d) of the angled flange (2c), through which a guide pin (5b) passes, wherein The front end of this polygonal body (5a) is defined as the fitting (5c) for the positioning ring (1);and; 2a) IMPROVEMENT APPLIED TO A PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING DEVICE according to claim 1 wherein the displacement stroke -ΘΧ° d Cd d + θχ° of the angular slot (2d) of the angular tab (2c) is characterized by being delimited by - 20° d Cd d + 20°. Petition 870190115055, dated 08 / 11 / 2019, p. 20 / 27

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