History-aware selective pixel shifting

Abstract

Techniques for generating pixel shift patterns for an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display are provided. Pixel usage data for the OLED display may be accumulated. Areas of the OLED display susceptible to aging damage may be identified based on the accumulated pixel usage data. The pixel shift pattern may be generated based on the accumulated pixel image data and data related to an image to be displayed. The pixel shift pattern may be generated to avoid areas identified as susceptible to aging damage. The pixel shift pattern may be applied to the image to be displayed to generate modified image data. The modified image data may limit further damage to the OLED display and thereby delay the onset of undesirable aging effects.

Description

Background Art

[0001] Organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays may experience uneven degradation due to variations in displayed content. Differences between the degradation rates of pixels of OLED displays can lead to undesirable effects such as color shift or burn-in. Compensation techniques can be applied to OLEDs to extend the useful life of OLED displays by mitigating these undesirable effects. However, once introduced, these compensation techniques must be used all the time. In addition, compensation techniques significantly increase power consumption requirements. Therefore, new technologies for displaying images on OLED displays that delay the onset of burn-in and other undesirable effects may be needed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] Figure 1 A first pixel shifting scheme is illustrated.

[0003] Figure 2 A second pixel shifting scheme is illustrated.

[0004] Figure 3 A portion of a first exemplary pixel shifting pattern is illustrated.

[0005] Figure 4 A portion of a second exemplary pixel shifting pattern is illustrated.

[0006] Figure 5A A first exemplary pixel shifting sequence is illustrated.

[0007] Figure 5B A second exemplary pixel shifting sequence is illustrated.

[0008] Figure 5C A third exemplary pixel shifting sequence is illustrated.

[0009] Fig. 6A A first exemplary still image is illustrated.

[0010] Figure 6B Example for displaying when pixel shifting is not used Fig. 6A The expected age distribution of a portion of the pixels of an image.

[0011] Figure 6C Example for displaying when using the first pixel shifting scheme Fig. 6A The expected age distribution of a portion of the pixels of an image.

[0012] Fig.6D Example for displaying when using the second pixel shifting scheme Fig. 6A The expected age distribution of a portion of the pixels of an image.

[0013] Fig. 7A -B illustrates a portion of a third exemplary pixel shifting pattern.

[0014] Fig. 8A A second exemplary still image is illustrated.

[0015] Figure 8B Example for displaying when pixel shifting is not used Fig. 8A The expected age distribution of a portion of the pixels of an image.

[0016] Figure 8C Example for displaying when using the first pixel shifting scheme Fig. 8A The expected age distribution of a portion of the pixels of an image.

[0017] Fig.8D Example for displaying when using the second pixel shifting scheme Fig. 8A The expected age distribution of a portion of the pixels of an image.

[0018] Fig. 9 An embodiment of a first logic flow is shown.

[0019] Fig.10 An embodiment of a second logic flow is shown.

[0020] Fig.11 An exemplary OLED display divided into a plurality of different usage segments is illustrated.

[0021] Fig.12 An embodiment of a storage medium is shown.

[0022] Fig.13 An embodiment of a computing architecture is shown.

[0023] Fig.14 An embodiment of a communication architecture is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Embodiments may be generally directed to techniques for generating pixel shift patterns for an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. Pixel usage data for the OLED display may be accumulated. Areas of the OLED display susceptible to aging damage may be identified based on the accumulated pixel usage data. The pixel shift pattern may be generated based on the accumulated pixel image data and data related to an image to be displayed. The pixel shift pattern may be generated to avoid areas identified as susceptible to aging damage. The pixel shift pattern may be applied to an image to be displayed to generate modified image data. The modified image data may limit further damage to the OLED display and thereby delay the onset of undesirable aging effects.

[0025] The degradation of an OLED display can be characterized by the loss of illumination over time. The rate of this degradation may be different for each pixel because the large number of pixels used to form a display may be used unevenly based on the content displayed. Differences in the degradation rate of pixels may accumulate over time and may lead to undesirable effects such as color shift or aging. These undesirable effects have prevented the widespread adoption of OLEDs in computer displays.

[0026] Compensation techniques can be applied to OLEDs to extend the useful life of OLED displays by mitigating the effects of aging. These compensation techniques typically rely on knowledge of the history of content displayed by the OLED display over time. Compensation techniques can visually reduce the effects of aging. However, many compensation techniques are computationally intensive and thus result in a significant increase in power consumption. Furthermore, once a compensation technique is implemented, the technique must be used continuously to prevent any visual artifacts from reappearing. Therefore, it is desirable to delay the onset of aging of the OLED display and the introduction of compensation techniques for as long as possible to limit the increased power consumption and the need to use compensation techniques thereafter.

[0027] Burn-in can be delayed by introducing some dithering into the pixel positions on the display. As an example, the image displayed on the screen can be shifted one pixel at a time following a specific pattern to achieve pixel shifting. Different display manufacturers can choose different patterns for this pixel shifting.

[0028] Conventional pixel shifting methods generally apply a common pixel shifting scheme to the entire display area in an attempt to evenly distribute potential damage to an extended adjacent area over time. However, in practice, evenly distributing potential damage is unlikely to occur due to (1) uneven use of pixels (e.g., for a particular user interface (UI)) and / or (2) a high probability that each pixel shifting step may not achieve uniform coverage due to unexpected events such as system outages.

[0029] Embodiments described herein provide pixel shifting techniques that can delay the onset of pixel damage without introducing a significant increase in power consumption. By implementing the pixel shifting techniques described herein, the onset of pixel aging can be delayed. Embodiments provide pixel shifting techniques based on historical awareness of previous use in order to achieve optimal aging avoidance and delay the need for compensation for any self-emissive display device (e.g., OLED display).

[0030] The various embodiments described herein provide pixel shifting techniques that: (a) introduce temporal dynamics into a pixel shifting scheme / pattern by supplementing a series of steps with temporal weighting factors; (b) use a history-aware selective / local pixel shifting algorithm that exploits the accumulated pixel usage history to guide the selection of a pixel shifting algorithm that implements spatial dynamics; and / or (c) allow for region-by-region pixel shifting algorithms that are intended to simultaneously use different pixel shifting algorithms in different regions of the same display - each algorithm is generated based on the pixel usage history. By analyzing the accumulated pixel usage data, areas with more extensive aging damage can be identified, thereby enabling dynamic changes in the pixel shifting pattern to avoid these areas. In addition, by dividing the entire screen area into multiple regions based on pixel usage characteristics, each region can be treated with a different pixel shifting scheme to achieve better damage avoidance results.

[0031] According to the general reference to the notation and nomenclature used in this article, one or more parts of the following detailed description can be presented in terms of the program process executed on a computer or computer network. These procedural descriptions and representations are used by those skilled in the art to most effectively pass the essence of their work to other technicians in the field. Process is generally understood to be a self-consistent sequence of operations that leads to the desired result. These operations are those operations that require physical manipulation of physical quantities. Usually but not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical, magnetic or optical signals that can be stored, transmitted, combined, compared and manipulated in other ways. Mainly for the reason of common usage, it has been proven to be convenient to refer to these signals as positions, values, elements, symbols, characters, items, numbers, etc. from time to time. However, it should be noted that all of these and similar terms are intended to be associated with appropriate physical quantities, and are only convenient marks applied to those quantities.

[0032] In addition, these manipulations are often referred to in terms of addition or comparison, which are often associated with mental operations performed by human operators. However, in any of the operations described herein that form part of one or more embodiments, in most cases, no such ability of a human operator is necessary or required. Instead, these operations are machine operations. Useful machines for performing multiple operations of the various embodiments include general-purpose digital computers, which are selectively activated or configured by computer programs stored therein and written according to the teachings of this article; and / or include devices specifically constructed for the desired purpose. The various embodiments also relate to devices or systems for performing these operations. These devices may be specially constructed for the desired purpose, or these devices may include general-purpose computers. The required structures of various such machines will be apparent from the given descriptions.

[0033] Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, with the same reference numerals used throughout to refer to the same elements. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth for purposes of explanation in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the description. However, it will be apparent that a number of novel embodiments may be implemented without utilizing these specific details. In other examples, a number of well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to facilitate the description of these structures and devices. The present invention is intended to encompass all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives within the scope of the claims.

[0034] Figure 1 A pixel-based display 102 is illustrated. The display 102 may be an OLED display. The display 102 may use a group of pixels to display an image 104. The display 102 may implement a first conventional pixel shifting scheme. The conventional pixel shifting scheme may move the display position of the image 104 along a track 106. The track 106 may be intended to shift the pixels used to display the image 104 in all directions. By moving the display position of the image 104, the pixel shifting scheme is intended to allocate pixel usage to an extended area outside the original display area. In addition, the first conventional pixel shifting scheme may be considered a universal pixel shifting scheme because it may be applied to all areas of the display screen, meaning that each pixel has an equal chance of coverage as a result of the shift.

[0035] Figure 2 2 illustrates an implementation of a second conventional pixel shifting scheme performed by display 102. Pixels used to display image 104 are shifted along four tracks 202, 204, 206, and 208. The second conventional pixel shifting scheme may be compared to Figure 1 The illustrated pixel shifting scheme is an improved pixel shifting scheme in which the movement of the image 104 is more difficult to be visually recognized by an observer.

[0036] Figure 1 and 2 The illustrated pixel shifting schemes are limited in their effectiveness because they are generic, static, and independent of existing corruptions. Figure 1 and 2 The pixel shifting schemes illustrated in are limited because the same pixel shifting scheme is applied to the entire area of ​​the display screen (i.e., universal), the pixel shifting scheme remains the same over time (i.e., static), and a predetermined shifting pattern is always used regardless of existing pixel usage history (i.e., independent of damage). Because these conventional pixel shifting schemes are implemented without being based on actual pixel usage patterns, each scheme potentially increases the rate of damage to some portions of the display 102 rather than minimizing it.

[0037] In various embodiments described herein, historical data of content that has been displayed on an OLED screen or display is maintained or tracked. As an example, historical data of content that has been displayed by the OLED may be maintained in a device driver of a graphics processing unit (GPU) (e.g., in a notebook computer) and / or in memory. In various other embodiments, the pixel usage history may be maintained directly by an operating system (OS), or by extension middleware or an application provided by an independent software vendor.

[0038] In various embodiments described herein, historical data of content that has been displayed by an OLED may be utilized or used by a pixel history generation (PHG) algorithm. The PHG algorithm may analyze the tracked historical data to generate or update a damage signature (DS) that represents damage that has been incurred by the OLED display. The PHG may make the damage signature available to an entity (e.g., a notebook computer or handheld computer) that implements a history-aware pixel shift (HAPS) algorithm.

[0039] In various embodiments, the damage signature may include a set of priorities assigned to regions of the OLED display screen. The priorities may be based on the damage that has occurred to the region. As an example, severely aged pixels and / or regions may be assigned a low priority to reduce future usage while less used pixels / regions may be assigned a high priority to ensure increased future usage.

[0040] As an example, historical pixel usage data may provide an indication of which areas and / or pixels of an OLED display have been used more heavily and / or which areas and / or pixels have a longer lifespan or usage period. The pixel usage data may further provide an indication of which pixels and / or areas are closer to reaching an age or usage level that may cause aging or some other undesirable display effect. The age or usage level may be used to set a usage threshold for pixels and / or areas that the pixel shifting techniques described herein can attempt to avoid. That is, the techniques described herein provide for the selection and generation of pixel shifting schemes that may be based on historical usage data and current image data to minimize further damage to the display and / or minimize the possibility of further aging certain areas and / or pixels of the display that may be closer (e.g., in terms of age and / or usage time) to reaching a threshold usage level corresponding to aging or some other undesirable display effect.

[0041] Figure 3A portion of an exemplary pixel shifting pattern 300 is illustrated. The pixel shifting pattern 300 may include a plurality of steps 302. Column 304 may represent the location of a center pixel of an image to be displayed in a first direction (e.g., the x direction). Column 306 may represent the location of the center pixel of the image in a second direction (e.g., the y direction). Each step 302 may thereby specify the next center location of the image using the center point specifications in the x direction 304 and the y direction 306. Accordingly, the center point location "(0,0)" represented by 304 and 306 may represent the starting location of the center pixel of the image (as indicated by step #0). Subsequent steps 302 may therefore represent the center coordinates of the location to which the image is shifted in both the x direction and the y direction (based on the center x and y data 304 and 306). As Figure 3 As shown, the image can be shifted one pixel step at a time.

[0042] In addition, the mode 300 may specify the amount of time that the image stays at each step / pixel position. As an example, the amount of time may be expressed as a fraction of the frame rate of the display providing the image. Figure 3 As shown, the pattern 300 specifies that the image stays at each step 302 for an amount of time approximately equal to the inverse of the frame rate but is not limited thereto. In general, any amount of time and any change in pixel position between steps may be specified. In addition, a different sequence of steps may produce a modified version of the pattern 300.

[0043] In various embodiments, a pixel shifting scheme may be provided that includes two additional parameters: applicability and dynamics. Applicability, for example, may be regional or universal. Dynamics, for example, may be temporal or spatial. Based on the introduction of these two additional parameters to the pixel shifting scheme, four different pixel shifting scheme combinations may be provided: (1) a universal, temporally dynamic pixel shifting scheme; (2) a universal, spatially dynamic pixel shifting scheme; (3) a regional, temporally dynamic pixel shifting scheme; and (4) a regional, spatially dynamic pixel shifting scheme. Each of these schemes is described in further detail herein.

[0044] In various embodiments, general temporal dynamics may be provided in the HAPS algorithm. As an example, such a scheme may include a temporal weighting factor. The temporal weighting factor may specify the amount of time that the image will stay at each step during the pixel shifting process window. A general, temporally dynamic pixel shifting scheme may therefore include a dynamic temporal weighting factor for each step.

[0045] Figure 4A portion of an exemplary pixel shifting pattern 400 is illustrated. Pixel shifting pattern 400 includes a dynamic temporal weighting factor 402 (illustrated as temporal weighting factors “a0”, “a1”, “a2”, etc.) for each step 302. Dynamic temporal weighting factor 402 may determine how often or how long coordinate positions 304 and 306 of each step 302 are used or overwritten.

[0046] In various embodiments, temporal weighting factor 402 is not constant or fixed. Instead, temporal weighting factor 402 may vary based on the characteristics of the image to be displayed and the pixel usage history. Over time, the statistical effects of the pixel shifting scheme specified by pattern 400 may result in preferred coverage of certain spaces or locations of the display, as well as preferred portions in time. Accordingly, pattern 400 may be adjusted to implement a method for influencing future coverage of screen areas at higher risk of burn-in.

[0047] As an example, for relatively new displays, minimal aging effects may be provided by adjusting the pixel shifting pattern 400 to ensure that the pixels used for shifting are spread over as wide an area of ​​the display as possible. Accordingly, the value of the temporal weighting factor 402 may be based on the image to be displayed.

[0048] As another example, the pixel shifting algorithm generating pattern 400 may begin with temporal weighting factor value 402 having the same value of "1" in each step 302. Over time, for steps 302 corresponding to destination pixels having lower brightness values, temporal weighting factor 402 may be increased because less bright pixels have a lower risk of aging.

[0049] As another example, the pixel shifting algorithm of the generation pattern 400 may begin using a temporal weighting factor value 402 that has the same relatively high value (e.g., > "1") in each step 302. Over time, for steps 302 corresponding to destination pixels with higher brightness values, the temporal weighting factor 402 may be reduced because brighter pixels have a higher risk of aging. In summary, the introduction of the temporal weighting factor 402 may adjust the future usage of certain pixels that may be based on pixel usage data. In addition, Figure 4 The specification of a HAPS algorithm including generality and time dynamics according to the techniques disclosed herein may be represented.

[0050] Figures 5A-5CPixel shifting patterns including generality, spatial dynamics are illustrated. In various embodiments, the HAPS algorithm described herein may generate a pixel shifting pattern including a temporal weighting factor having a value of zero so that certain steps may be skipped or bypassed. By skipping or bypassing certain steps of the pixel shifting pattern, areas may be avoided or sought based on historical data and / or derived damage signatures. This may provide a way to introduce spatial dynamics into a pixel shifting scheme according to the techniques described herein.

[0051] like Figure 5A , a plurality of pixel positions 502 (e.g., having position values ​​0 to 11) representing a portion of an OLED display are shown. A pixel shift sequence 504 is shown, wherein the plurality of steps form a pattern around the center of the image. The pixel shift sequence 504 does not skip any steps so that each pixel position 502 is used.

[0052] In contrast, Figure 5B 5. A pixel shift sequence 506 is illustrated that is biased toward the right side of the display compared to the left side of the display. Specifically, the pixel shift sequence 506 steps through pixel positions 502 with values ​​of 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 1. The other remaining pixel positions 502 may be skipped. The pixel shift sequence 506 may be specified by setting the weights of the following pixel position transitions to zero (so that the transition is skipped): 0->1, 1->2, 2->3, 3->4, 4->5, and 10->11. The weights of certain transitions may be set to zero based on historical data and / or damage signatures of the display in order to bias shifts in certain portions of the display compared to other portions of the display.

[0053] Figure 5C The illustrated pixel shift sequence 508 also includes certain pixel position transitions set to zero weights. In particular, the pixel shift sequence 508 may set the pixel transitions from 1->2 and from 2->3 to have zero weights to allow a jump directly from pixel position 1 to 3. Furthermore, the transitions from 5->6 and from 6->7 may be set to zero weights to allow a jump from 5 to 7, thereby enabling the pixel shift sequence 508 to depict a diagonal pattern.

[0054] In conclusion, Figures 5A-5C Implementation of a HAPS algorithm including generality, spatial dynamics according to the techniques disclosed herein is illustrated. In various embodiments, a pixel shifting sequence including both temporal and spatial dynamics may be formed according to the techniques described herein.

[0055] Furthermore, in embodiments, the device OS and / or display application may determine when to implement temporal and / or spatial dynamics in conjunction with the HAPS algorithm. The determination of when to use temporal and / or spatial dynamics in conjunction with the HAPS algorithm may be based on heuristics derived from analysis of the current image to be displayed. The heuristics may identify scenarios where some jitter in movement (e.g., caused by pixel shifting of an image) is acceptable, or where use of the HAPS algorithm may not compromise prioritized damage avoidance goals.

[0056] Figures 6A-6D Example images are illustrated along with different pixel usage patterns expected with different exemplary shifting schemes. Specifically, Fig. 6A An exemplary static image 602 is illustrated. The static image 602 may include a solid background 604 of a first color (eg, black) and a solid foreground image 606 of a second color (eg, blue). Figure 6B Example when pixel shifting is not used Fig. 6A Expected typical age distribution of blue components in all pixels of image 602 is shown. Specifically, distribution 608 shows the expected typical age distribution of blue components in all pixels of image 602 along the x-axis when no pixel shifting scheme is implemented and distribution 610 shows the expected typical age distribution of blue components in all pixels of image 602 along the y-axis when no pixel shifting scheme is implemented. Fig. 6A An example of image 602 may be represented where if the higher damage is along the edge of the screen, the generic HAPS may still be used.

[0057] Figure 6C Expected age distributions of image 602 when a first pixel shifting method is used are illustrated. Specifically, distribution 612 shows expected age distributions of blue components in all pixels of image 602 along the x-axis when the first pixel shifting scheme is implemented and distribution 614 shows expected age distributions of blue components in all pixels of image 602 along the y-axis when the first pixel shifting scheme is implemented. The first pixel shifting scheme may be a scheme that does not include any temporal weighting.

[0058] Fig.6D 6 shows the expected age distribution of image 602 when the second pixel shifting method is used. The second pixel shifting method may be used in conjunction with or may include a temporal weighting factor. Distribution 616 shows the expected age distribution of the blue component in all pixels of image 602 along the x-axis when the second pixel shifting scheme is implemented and distribution 618 shows the expected age distribution of the blue component in all pixels of image 602 along the y-axis when the second pixel shifting scheme is implemented. As can be seen, compared to Figure 6C distributions (e.g., distributions 612 and 614), Fig.6DThe distributions (eg, distributions 616 and 618) are spread over wider portions of the x-axis and y-axis.

[0059] The use of a temporal weighting factor for all steps of a pixel shift pattern may determine the future use of the pixel. Thus, the temporal weighting factor may determine the usage pattern of the pixel. For a pixel shift pattern that does not use a temporal weighting factor, all steps of the pixel shift pattern may be driven with pixel values ​​for an equal amount of time. As a result of such pixel shifting, the expected pixel usage pattern may be similar to Figure 6C The distributions shown (e.g., distributions 612 and 614). Figure 6C As shown, pixels are used in various Figure 6B The area shown is wider than the area shown when no pixel shifting is applied (e.g., compare the width of distributions 608 and 610 to the width of distributions 612 and 614, respectively). In addition, by implementing pixel shifting, center pixel usage can be reduced. However, center pixel usage can still be significantly higher than edge pixel usage.

[0060] To avoid further coverage on central pixels with high brightness values, and to implement something like Fig.6D 616 and 618, a common temporal-spatial dynamic can be used to manipulate the temporal weighting factors of the pixel shifting pattern. Using a common temporal-spatial dynamic to manipulate the temporal weighting factors can ensure that the center pixel gets less coverage during the pixel shifting process. As a result, over time, this will lead to future usage extending into the extended area, thereby easing the use of the center pixel. This is apparent by comparing distributions 616 and 618 to distributions 612 and 614, respectively - the height of distributions 616 and 618 is lower than the height of distributions 612 and 614, respectively, while the width of distributions 616 and 618 is wider than the width of distributions 612 and 614, respectively.

[0061] In summary, by introducing the use of a temporal weighting factor into the pixel shifting scheme, the peak usage of certain pixels can be reduced. As a result of reducing the peak usage, the time at which the peak usage reaches the aging threshold can be delayed.

[0062] Fig. 7A -B illustrates a portion of an exemplary pixel shifting pattern 700. The pixel shifting pattern 700 may generate Fig.6D The pixel shifting pattern 700 may include four tracks 702 , 704 , 706 , and 708 .

[0063] Each of the tracks 702-708 may include a plurality of steps 710. For each step value 710 provided, a corresponding position 712 of the center pixel of the image in a first direction (e.g., the x-direction) and a corresponding position 714 of the center pixel of the image in a second direction (e.g., the y-direction) may be provided. The center pixel positions 712 and 714 may specify a pixel shift using a center point specification in the x-direction 712 and y-direction 174—that is, the next center position of the image.

[0064] In addition, the mode 700 may specify an amount of time 716 that the image stays at each step / pixel position. As an example, the amount of time 716 may be expressed as a fraction of the frame rate of the display providing the image. Figure 7A-7B As shown, the pattern 700 specifies that the image will stay at each step 710 for an amount of time 716 approximately equal to the inverse of the frame rate, but is not limited thereto. The pixel shifting pattern 700 may further include a temporal weighting factor 718. The temporal weighting factor 718 may increase or decrease the amount of time that the pixel shift stays at a particular step 710. Specifically, a higher temporal weighting factor 718 may ensure that the shifted position is maintained for a longer period of time than a lower temporal weighting factor 718 corresponding to a shorter period of time.

[0065] In various embodiments, for step 710 of tracks 702-708 pointing to pixel positions that are further away from the center of the display, a relatively high value of temporal weighting factor 718 may be used. Additionally, for step 710 of tracks 702-708 pointing to pixel positions that are closer to the center, a relatively low value of temporal weighting factor 718 may be used. Accordingly, for pixel positions near the center, the temporal weighting factor may be equal to or close to "1". As the distance from the center increases in the x and y directions (e.g., as Δx and Δy relative to the center position increase), the temporal weighting factor 718 may increase and reach a maximum value. By using the temporal weighting factor 718 in this manner, the pixel usage distribution pattern may be similar to Fig.6D The distributions 616 and 618 are shown to be flattened. In addition, the use of the temporal weighting factor 718 can provide a preferred pixel usage pattern by biasing the temporal weighting factors 718 of all shifting steps 710.

[0066] Figures 8A-8D Example images are illustrated along with different pixel usage patterns expected with different exemplary shifting schemes. Specifically, Fig. 8A An exemplary static image 802 is illustrated. Static image 802 may include a solid background 804 of a first color (e.g., black) and a solid foreground image 806 of a second color (e.g., blue). Image 806 may be an asymmetric image such that the pixel usage pattern used to display image 806 may be asymmetric.

[0067] Figure 8B Pixel age distributions 808 and 810 along the x-axis and y-axis, respectively, are illustrated when no pixel shifting scheme is used. Figure 8C Pixel age distributions 812 and 814 along the x-axis and y-axis, respectively, are illustrated when a pixel shifting scheme is used but a temporal weighting factor is not included. Fig.8D Pixel age distributions 816 and 818 along the x-axis and y-axis, respectively, are illustrated when a pixel shifting scheme including a temporal weighting factor is used.

[0068] Figure 8C It is shown that a pixel shifting scheme that does not use a temporal weighting factor may result in an asymmetric usage distribution along the x-direction (eg, distribution 812). Figure 8C The distribution of provides an improvement over distributions 808 and 810 where no pixel shifting is applied, but Figure 8C The distributions 812 and 814 of may still exhibit biased and / or asymmetric usage patterns. Although the distributions 812 and 814 are wider than the distributions 808 and 810, for the resulting usage distribution 812, the pixels to the left along the x-axis may be significantly more used than the pixels to the right along the x-axis.

[0069] By appropriately biasing the temporal weighting factors, distributions 816 and 818 show further improvements over distributions 812 and 814. Specifically, distributions 816 and 818 can be biased so that pixel shifting steps involving use of a relatively high left side of the display can result in less coverage while pixel shifting steps involving use of a relatively low right side of the display can result in increased coverage. In doing so, the asymmetric use distribution along the x-direction can be further improved or even counteracted (compare distribution 812 to distribution 816). Fig.8D The resulting pixel usage patterns or distributions 816 and 818 based on the addition of this temporal weighted pixel shift may be represented.

[0070] Figures 6A-6D and Figures 8A-8D The illustrated pixel shifting examples show how a temporal weighting factor can be applied to the pixel shifting scheme to provide a more evenly distributed pixel usage and / or pixel usage distributed over preferred zones or regions based on a damage signature or age profile of the display. In turn, lower pixel usage and aging can be provided when no aging conditions exist.

[0071] As OLED screens or displays continue to be used, uneven use of pixels may develop. The techniques described herein may respond by combining a pixel shifting scheme with a temporal weighting factor to provide flexibility in the pixel shifting scheme to avoid potential aging damage by using knowledge of the existing accumulated pixel usage data / history. Adjustment of the temporal weighting factor may be achieved by relying on damage signatures. As mentioned above, damage signatures for a display may assign priorities to certain pixels and / or regions of the display. The temporal weighting factor may then be selected and modified over time based on updates to these priorities while also being adjusted based on the current image to be shown.

[0072] In summary, the techniques described herein can be used to generate a pixel shifting scheme that takes into account the accumulated usage data / history of pixels formed by an OLED display and the characteristics of an image to be displayed (e.g., symmetric or asymmetric) to reduce the usage of areas at higher risk of aging and increase the usage of areas with lower risk of aging, thereby delaying the onset of aging of the OLED display.

[0073] Fig. 9 An example of a logic flow 900 that can represent the generation of a history-aware pixel shifting scheme to be applied to an OLED display based on the techniques described herein is illustrated. As an example, the logic flow 900 can be used to generate Figure 3 Pixel shift mode 300, Figure 4 Pixel shift mode 400, Figures 5A-5C The pixel shifting pattern shown, Figure 7A-7B The pixel shift pattern 700 and Figure 6B-6D and Figures 8B-8D The pixels depicted use either of the distributions.

[0074] At 902, pixel usage data is accumulated. The pixel usage data may be usage data of pixels of an OLED display. The pixel usage data may include a usage history of each pixel of the OLED display over time based on an image displayed by the OLED display. The accumulated pixel usage data may be stored in a memory. The accumulated pixel usage data may be maintained by an OS, an application, or a dedicated display driver or software system. The accumulated pixel usage data may include an amount of time each pixel has been used and / or may include an age profile of each pixel.

[0075] In various embodiments, the accumulated pixel usage data may indicate the age of each pixel or region of the OLED display based on previously displayed images or content, may indicate the total usage of each pixel of the OLED display, may indicate the luminance level of each pixel of the OLED display, and / or may indicate the brightness level of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0076] At 904, the existing accumulated pixel usage data from step 902 can be analyzed. The analysis can determine which pixels and / or portions of the OLED display have been heavily used and which pixels and / or portions of the OLED display have been less heavily used. In addition, the analysis can provide an indication of which pixels and / or regions of the OLED display are close to being subjected to aging, have a high risk of being subjected to aging, and / or are currently being subjected to aging. The analysis can provide a damage signature for the OLED display. As an example, the analysis can generate a damage signature that can include a set of priorities assigned to regions or pixels of the OLED display, wherein severely aged pixels / regions are assigned low priorities (for low future use) and less used pixels / regions are assigned high priorities (for increased use). In summary, the analysis at 904 can provide an assessment of which pixels / regions of the OLED display should be attempted to be used more and which pixels / regions should be attempted to be used less, in order to delay the onset of aging or other damage to the OLED display. A usage profile for each pixel or region of the OLED display can be generated based on the accumulated pixel usage data. The usage profile may include any of the information described herein, including a damage profile for any pixel or region of the OLED display and / or any information indicating age, brightness level, illumination level, or proximity to an aging threshold in terms of usage or age.

[0077] At 906, image data may be received. The image data may represent information for displaying a current image on the OLED display. The image to be displayed may be a symmetrical or asymmetrical or asymmetric image. The image data may be for any image to be displayed.

[0078] At 908, the image data may be analyzed. The image data may be analyzed to determine how pixels will be used to display the image. In embodiments, the analysis may determine a pixel usage distribution for the image data by assuming that no pixel shifting is used when displaying the image. By doing so, the analysis at 908 may provide an indication of which pixels and / or areas of the OLED display will be affected by displaying the image data.

[0079] At 910, a pixel shifting scheme may be selected and / or generated. The pixel shifting scheme may be selected and / or generated based on the accumulated pixel usage data and analysis thereof in conjunction with the image data and analysis thereof. In embodiments, the pixel shifting scheme may be selected based on a damage signature of the OLED display, historical pixel usage of the OLED display (e.g., an age profile of the pixels), and / or the content of the image to be displayed. The pixel shifting scheme may include a sequence of steps that form one or more image shifting tracks. The sequence of steps may specify a shift of the image relative to the center of the image. That is, each step may specify a position relative to the center of the image for displaying the image on the OLED display. The specified positions may be pixel positions of the OLED display. These specified positions may include a horizontal (or x-axis) position indicator and a vertical (or y-axis) position indicator.

[0080] The pixel shifting scheme may specify an amount of time corresponding to each position shift of the image. In addition, the pixel shifting scheme may include temporal and / or spatial dynamics. In various embodiments, the pixel shifting scheme may provide temporal and / or spatial weighting factors such that certain position shifts are used or skipped and the amount of time at certain positions is longer than the amount of time at certain other positions. The pixel shifting scheme may be optimized based on the accumulated usage data and the current image data to delay the onset of burn-in by, for example, favoring less heavily used pixels / areas over more heavily used pixels / areas.

[0081] At 912, the selected pixel shifting scheme may be applied to the current image. The pixel shifting scheme may be used to adjust pixel usage for displaying an image. As an example, the pixel shifting scheme may ensure that the image is displayed with high quality while minimizing the risk of burn-in by using more pixels / areas with less usage over time and using fewer pixels / areas with more usage over time. Applying the generated pixel shifting pattern to image data of the image may generate modified image data. The modified image data may represent data for displaying the image according to the pixel shifting pattern.

[0082] At 914, the modified image data may be provided for display. The modified image data after undergoing pixel shifting may be provided to the OLED display for rendering an image. That is, the modified image data may be output for display on the OLED display such that the image is displayed according to the applied pixel shifting pattern.

[0083] Logic flow 900 may be implemented by any device described herein, and may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof.

[0084] Various embodiments and techniques are described herein with respect to OLED displays, but are not limited thereto. The embodiments and techniques described herein can be applied to any self-emissive and / or pixel-based display, including, for example, plasma displays, micro-LED displays, and quantum dot LED (QLED) displays, as well as liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

[0085] Fig.10 An example of a logic flow 1000 that may represent selection of a history-aware pixel shifting scheme to be applied to an OLED display based on the techniques described herein is illustrated. Logic flow 1000 and other techniques described herein enable periodic updating of pixel shifting patterns based on usage data and current image data.

[0086] At 1002, pixel usage data can be reviewed. As an example, the pixel usage data can be read from a memory.

[0087] At 1004, an initial pixel shifting scheme may be selected. As an example, the initial pixel shifting scheme may be a pixel shifting scheme that does not contain any spatial or temporal dynamics. That is, the initial pixel shifting scheme may specify position steps and times with all equal weights. The initial pixel shifting scheme may be a baseline pixel shifting scheme and may be considered an initial preferred pixel shifting scheme.

[0088] At 1006, an alternative pixel shifting scheme may be selected. The alternative pixel shifting scheme may include temporal and / or spatial dynamics. As an example, the alternative pixel shifting scheme may include a temporal weighting factor and / or a positional weighting factor. The alternative pixel shifting scheme may be selected from a set of alternative pixel shifting schemes.

[0089] At 1008, a pixel usage pattern based on the alternative pixel shifting scheme may be calculated.

[0090] At 1010, a comparison is made where the pixel usage pattern derived in 1008 can be compared to an expected pixel usage pattern for an initial or baseline pixel usage pattern from 1004. As an example, a resulting pixel usage pattern for a given image can be determined based on initial and alternative pixel shifting schemes. A determination can then be made from the predicted pattern as to which pixel shifting scheme will likely result in best delaying the onset of aging, preventing further damage to the OLED display, and / or best allocating pixel usage while maintaining desired image display quality. Other metrics can be used to compare the predicted usage patterns to determine which usage pattern is preferred. As an example, a pixel shifting pattern can be selected based on its ability to introduce less additional damage to the display or its ability to minimize the amount of aging of certain pixels and / or areas of the display.

[0091] If the initial pixel shifting scheme is determined to be superior to the alternate pixel shifting scheme, the logic flow may proceed to 1012. At 1012, a process for selecting a next alternate pixel shifting scheme may be implemented. After 1012, the operations shown in 1006, 1008, and 1010 may be repeated to compare the next pixel shifting scheme to the initially selected baseline pixel shifting scheme.

[0092] If the initial pixel shifting scheme is determined not to be preferred (e.g., an alternative pixel shifting scheme is determined to be preferred), the logic flow may proceed to 1014. At 1014, it may be determined whether there are any additional alternative pixel shifting schemes available for evaluation. If additional pixel shifting schemes are available, the logic flow may proceed to 1012. If no additional pixel shifting schemes are available, the logic flow may proceed to 1016. Operations 1014 and 1012 may ensure that all schemes are evaluated and compared to the currently preferred scheme before a final decision is made as to what pixel shifting scheme to use. In this manner, the best pixel shifting scheme may be selected.

[0093] At 1016 , the current pixel shifting scheme determined to be preferred in 1010 may be replaced and / or updated with the pixel shifting scheme determined to be preferred in 1010 .

[0094] The selected pixel shifting scheme may be applied at 1018. The selected pixel shifting scheme may be applied to the current image to be displayed.

[0095] The techniques described herein can also provide a display area of ​​an OLED display that is divided or parsed into multiple segments or partitions. Each segment can have different usage characteristics. For example, an OLED display used to display a user interface of an OS can have certain segments that are relatively static (e.g., repeatedly or constantly displaying the same image), while other segments can change more frequently (e.g., continuously displaying different images). The accumulated historical data of pixel usage can reveal these different multiple usage segments of the OLED display and can be used to determine the differently used segments of the OLED display. In addition, the techniques described herein can be used to apply different pixel shifting schemes to each individually identified segment.

[0096] Fig.11An exemplary OLED display 1100 is illustrated that can be divided (or parsed or segmented) into multiple different usage segments 1102, 1104 and 1106. Usage segments 1102, 1104 and 1106 may be non-overlapping, but are not limited to this. As an example, segments 1104 and 1106 may be used to display a user interface OS toolbar that is displayed on the display almost continuously. Segment 1102 may be a multi-purpose portion of the displayed user interface that frequently changes the content displayed in segment 1102. Based on the techniques described herein, the number, size, and position of each of segments 1102, 1104, and 1106 may be determined based on historical usage data of the pixels of OLED display 1100. In addition, different pixel shifting schemes may be applied to each of segments 1102, 1104, and 1106 based on the usage characteristics of each segment. Accordingly, Fig.11 Examples of per-area applications of HAPS algorithms that may include spatial and / or temporal dynamics are shown.

[0097] In various embodiments, various HAPS algorithms for pixel shifting may be applied to segments 1102, 1104, and 1106. As an example, a pixel shifting scheme for segment 1104 may be used that is biased toward providing more coverage and usage along the horizontal direction. For segment 1106, a pixel shifting scheme that is biased toward providing more coverage along the vertical direction may be used. For segment 1102, a pixel shifting scheme that provides shifting uniformly in all directions while avoiding certain areas at high risk of aging when necessary may be used. This per-region temporal / spatial dynamic HAPS can potentially achieve the best performance to avoid aging.

[0098] Fig.12 An embodiment of a storage medium 1200 is illustrated. The storage medium 1200 may include any non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or machine-readable storage medium, such as an optical storage medium, a magnetic storage medium, or a semiconductor storage medium. In various embodiments, the storage medium 1200 may include an article of manufacture. In some embodiments, the storage medium 1200 may store computer-executable instructions, such as instructions for implementing the methods described herein. Fig. 9 The logic flow 900 and / or Fig.10 Computer executable instructions of one or more of the logic flow 1000 of the present invention. Examples of computer readable storage media or machine readable storage media may include any tangible media that can store electronic data, including volatile memory or non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writable or rewritable memory, etc. Examples of computer executable instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, object-oriented code, visual code, etc. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

[0099] Fig.13 An embodiment of an exemplary computing architecture 1300 that may be suitable for implementing various embodiments described herein is illustrated. In various embodiments, the computing architecture 1300 may include or be implemented as a portion of an electronic device. In some embodiments, the computing architecture 1300 may represent, for example, a processor server that implements one or more techniques for generating or selecting a pixel shifting scheme as described herein.

[0100] As used in this application, the terms "system" and "component" and "module" are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, whether hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution, examples of which are provided via the exemplary computing architecture 1300. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, a hard drive, a plurality of storage drives (of optical and / or magnetic storage media), an object, an executable code, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer. As an illustration, both an application running on a server and a server can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and / or a thread of execution, and a component can be located on one computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, components can be communicatively coupled to each other via various types of communication media to coordinate operations. The coordination can involve unidirectional or bidirectional information exchange. For example, a component can transmit information in the form of a signal transmitted on a communication medium. The information can be implemented as a signal assigned to each signal line. In these assignments, each message is a signal. However, other embodiments may alternatively employ data messages. These data messages can be sent across various connections. Exemplary connections include parallel interfaces, serial interfaces, and bus interfaces.

[0101] The computing architecture 1300 includes various common computing elements, such as one or more processors, multi-core processors, coprocessors, memory units, chipsets, controllers, peripherals, interfaces, oscillators, timing devices, video cards, audio cards, multimedia input / output (I / O) components, etc. However, the embodiments are not limited to being implemented by the computing architecture 1300.

[0102] like Fig.13 As shown, computing architecture 1300 includes a processing unit 1304, a system memory 1306, and a system bus 1308. Processing unit 1304 can be one of various commercially available processors, including but not limited to: Athlon Duron He Haolong processor; applications, embedded or security processors; and / or Dragon Ball or Processor; IBM and / or Cell processor; or Celeron Core(2) Core(2) Itanium Pentium Xeon and Dual microprocessors, multi-core processors, and other multi-processor architectures can also be used as the processing unit 1304 .

[0103] The system bus 1308 provides an interface to the processing unit 1304 to various system components including, but not limited to, the system memory 1306. The system bus 1308 may be any of several types of bus structures that may also interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. Interface adapters may be connected to the system bus 1308 via a slot architecture. Example slot architectures may include, but are not limited to, Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), Card Bus, (Extended) Industry Standard Architecture ((E)ISA), Micro Channel Architecture (MCA), Network User Bus (NuBus), Peripheral Component Interconnect (Extended) (PCI(X)), PCI Express, Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) bus, etc.

[0104] The system memory 1306 may include various types of computer-readable storage media in the form of one or more higher-speed memory units, such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), double data rate DRAM (DDRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory (e.g., one or more flash memory arrays), polymer memory such as ferroelectric polymer memory, Osram memory, phase change or ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, magnetic or optical cards, device arrays such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) drives, solid-state memory devices (e.g., USB memory, solid-state drive (SSD)), and any other type of storage medium suitable for storing information. Fig.13In the illustrated embodiment shown, system memory 1306 may include non-volatile memory 1310 and / or volatile memory 1312. A basic input / output system (BIOS) may be stored in non-volatile memory 1310.

[0105] The computer 1302 may include various types of computer-readable storage media in the form of one or more relatively fast memory units, including an internal (or external) hard disk drive (HDD) 1314, a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 1316 for reading and writing to a removable magnetic disk 1318, and an optical drive 1320 for reading and writing to a removable optical disk 1322 (e.g., a CD-ROM or DVD). The HDD 1314, FDD 1316, and optical drive 1320 may be connected to the system bus 1308 via a HDD interface 1324, a FDD interface 1326, and an optical drive interface 1328, respectively. The HDD interface 1324 for external drive implementations may include at least one or both of a universal serial bus (USB) and IEEE 994 interface technologies.

[0106] The drives and associated computer-readable media provide volatile and / or nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, etc. For example, a number of program modules may be stored in the drives and memory units 1310, 1312, including an operating system 1330, one or more application programs 1332, other program modules 1334, and program data 1336. In one embodiment, the one or more application programs 1332, other program modules 1334, and program data 1336 may include, for example, various applications and / or components of the computer-mediated reality system 100.

[0107] A user may enter commands and information into the computer 1302 through one or more wired / wireless input devices such as a keyboard 1338 and a pointing device such as a mouse 1340. Other input devices may include a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a radio frequency (RF) remote control, a game controller, a stylus, a card reader, a dongle, a fingerprint reader, a glove, a drawing tablet, a joystick, a keyboard, a retina reader, a touch screen (e.g., capacitive, resistive, etc.), a trackball, a trackpad, a sensor, a stylus, etc. These and other input devices are typically connected to the processing unit 1304 through an input device interface 1342 coupled to the system bus 1308, but may also be connected through other interfaces such as a parallel port, an IEEE 994 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR port, and the like.

[0108] A monitor 1344 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 1308 via an interface, such as a video adapter 1346. The monitor 1344 may be internal or external to the computer 1302. In addition to the monitor 1344, computers typically include other peripheral output devices, such as speakers, printers, and the like.

[0109] The computer 1302 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer 1348, via wired and / or wireless communications. The remote computer 1348 can be a workstation, server computer, router, personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment device, peer device, or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer 1302, but only a memory / storage device 1350 is shown for simplicity. The depicted logical connections include wired / wireless connections to a local area network (LAN) 1352 and / or a larger network such as a wide area network (WAN) 1354. Such LAN and WAN networking environments are common in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks such as intranets, all of which can be connected to global communication networks such as the Internet.

[0110] When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1302 is connected to the LAN 1352 through a wired and / or wireless communication network interface or adapter 1356. The adapter 1356 may facilitate wired and / or wireless communication to the LAN 1352 and may also include a wireless access point provided thereon for communicating using the wireless functionality of the adapter 1356.

[0111] When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1302 may include a modem 1358, or be connected to a communications server on the WAN 1354, or have other means for establishing communications over the WAN 1354, such as through the Internet. The modem 1358, which may be internal or external and a wired and / or wireless device, is connected to the system bus 1308 via the input device interface 1342. In a networking environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 1302, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory / storage device 1350. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.

[0112] The computer 1302 is operable to communicate using the IEEE 802 family of standards with wired and wireless devices or entities, such as wireless devices operable to provide wireless communications (e.g., IEEE 802.16 over-the-air modulation techniques). This includes at least Wi-Fi (i.e., Wireless Fidelity), WiMax, and Bluetooth. TMWireless technology, etc. Thus, the communication can be a predefined structure as for a conventional network, or just an ad hoc communication between at least two devices. Wi-Fi networks use radio technology called IEEE 802.11x (a, b, n, g, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connections. Wi-Fi networks can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks (using IEEE 802.3 related media and functions).

[0113] Fig.14 A block diagram of an exemplary communication architecture 1400 suitable for implementing the above-described embodiments is shown. The communication architecture 1400 includes various common communication elements, such as transmitters, receivers, transceivers, radio devices, network interfaces, baseband processors, antennas, amplifiers, filters, power supplies, etc. However, the embodiments are not limited to being implemented by the communication architecture 1400.

[0114] like Fig.14 As shown, the communication architecture 1400 includes one or more clients 1402 and servers 1404. The clients 1402 and servers 1404 are operatively connected to one or more respective client data stores 1408 and server data stores 1410 that can be used to store information local to the respective clients 1402 and servers 1404, such as cookies and / or associated contextual information. In various embodiments, any of the servers 1404 can implement one or more of the logic flows or operations described herein, and the storage medium 800 in FIG. 8 in conjunction with the storage of data received from any of the clients 1402 is located on any of the server data stores 1410.

[0115] The client 1402 and the server 1404 can communicate information between each other using a communication framework 1406. The communication framework 1406 can implement well-known communication technologies and protocols. The communication framework 1406 can be implemented as a packet-switched network (e.g., a public network such as the Internet, a private network such as an intranet, etc.), a circuit-switched network (e.g., a public switched telephone network), or a combination of packet-switched networks and circuit-switched networks (using appropriate gateways and converters).

[0116] The communication framework 1406 can implement various network interfaces, which are arranged to receive, communicate and connect to the communication network. The network interface can be considered as a special form of input and output interface. The network interface can adopt a connection protocol, including but not limited to direct connection, Ethernet (such as thick, thin, twisted pair 10 / 100 / 1900Base T, etc.), token ring, wireless network interface, cellular network interface, IEEE 802.11ax network interface, IEEE 802.16 network interface, IEEE 802.20 network interface, etc. In addition, multiple network interfaces can be used to engage with various communication network types. For example, multiple network interfaces can be used to allow communication on broadcast, multicast and unicast networks. If the processing requirements specify a greater speed and capacity, a distributed network controller architecture can be similarly used to share load balancing and otherwise increase the communication bandwidth required by the client 1402 and the server 1404. The communication network can be any one and combination of wired and / or wireless networks, including but not limited to direct interconnection, secure customized connection, private network (e.g., corporate intranet), public network (e.g., Internet), personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), operating mission as a node in the Internet (OMNI), wide area network (WAN), wireless network, cellular network and other communication networks.

[0117] Embodiments can be implemented using hardware elements, software elements or a combination of hardware and software elements. Examples of hardware elements may include processors, microprocessors, circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.), integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), logic gates, registers, semiconductor devices, chips, microchips, chipsets, etc. Examples of software may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, applications, system programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, programs, software interfaces, application program interfaces (APIs), instruction sets, computing codes, computer codes, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols or any combination thereof. Determining whether to implement an embodiment using hardware elements and / or software elements may vary according to any number of factors, such as desired computing rates, power levels, thermal tolerances, processing cycle budgets, input data rates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and other design or performance constraints.

[0118] One or more aspects of at least one embodiment may be implemented by representative instructions stored on a machine-readable medium, which represent various logics in a processor, and when the instructions are read by a machine, the machine is made to perform logic for performing the technology described herein. These representations, referred to as "IP cores", may be stored on a tangible machine-readable medium and provided to multiple customers or production facilities to be loaded into a manufacturing machine that actually manufactures the logic or processor. For example, some embodiments may be implemented using machine-readable media or articles, which may store instructions or instruction sets, which may enable the machine to perform methods and / or operations according to the embodiments when executed by the machine. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, etc., and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware and / or software. The machine-readable medium or work may include, for example, any suitable type of memory unit, memory device, memory work, memory medium, storage device, storage work, storage medium and / or storage unit, such as memory, removable or non-removable medium, erasable or non-erasable medium, writable or rewritable medium, digital or analog medium, hard disk, floppy disk, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), compact disk recordable (CD-R), compact disk rewritable (CD-W), optical disk, magnetic medium, magneto-optical medium, removable memory card or disk, various types of digital versatile disks (DVD), magnetic tape, cassette, etc. The instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, encrypted code, etc., implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and / or interpreted programming language.

[0119] The following examples relate to further embodiments from which numerous permutations and configurations will be apparent.

[0120] Example 1 is a device including a memory and logic, at least a portion of which is implemented in a circuit coupled to the memory, the logic being used to accumulate pixel usage data for an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display for storage in the memory, receive image data for an image to be displayed, generate a pixel shift pattern for the image based on the accumulated pixel usage data and the image data for the image, apply the pixel shift pattern to the image to generate modified image data, and output the modified image data for display.

[0121] Example 2 is an extension of Example 1 or any other example disclosed herein, where the accumulated pixel usage data is based on previously displayed images.

[0122] Example 3 is an extension of Example 1 or any other example disclosed herein, where the accumulated pixel usage data indicates an age of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0123] Example 4 is an extension of Example 1 or any other example disclosed herein, where the accumulated pixel usage data indicates a total amount of usage of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0124] Example 5 is an extension of Example 1 or any other example disclosed herein, where the accumulated pixel usage data indicates a luminance level for each pixel of the OLED display.

[0125] Example 6 is an extension of Example 1 or any other example disclosed herein, where the accumulated pixel usage data indicates a brightness level of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0126] Example 7 is an extension of Example 1 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein logic is used to generate a usage profile for each pixel of the OLED display based on the accumulated pixel usage data.

[0127] Example 8 is an extension of Example 7 or any other example disclosed herein, where the usage profile includes a damage signature of an OLED display.

[0128] Example 9 is an extension of Example 8 or any other example disclosed herein, where the damage signature is used to indicate a level of damage sustained by one or more regions of an OLED display.

[0129] Example 10 is an extension of Example 9 or any other example disclosed herein, where the damage level is specified by the priority assigned to each region of the OLED display.

[0130] Example 11 is an extension of Example 10 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein logic is used to assign a relatively low priority to a region with relatively high damage and a relatively high priority to a region with relatively low damage.

[0131] Example 12 is an extension of Example 10 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein logic is used to assign a relatively low priority to a region characterized by relatively high aging and assign a relatively high priority to a region characterized by relatively low aging.

[0132] Example 13 is an extension of Example 10 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein logic is used to assign a relatively low priority to regions characterized by relatively high brightness and to assign a relatively high priority to regions characterized by relatively low brightness.

[0133] Example 14 is an extension of Example 1 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the pixel shift pattern includes multiple steps, each step specifying a position for displaying an image on the OLED display relative to the center of the image and a corresponding amount of time that the image will occupy the specified position.

[0134] Example 15 is an extension of Example 14 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the position is specified by a horizontal pixel position and a vertical pixel position.

[0135] Example 16 is an extension of Example 14 or any other example disclosed herein, where the amount of time is indicated by a fraction of the frame rate of the OLED display.

[0136] Example 17 is an extension of Example 14 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the pixel shifting mode includes one or more of an adjustment to the amount of time and an adjustment to the specified position based on the accumulated pixel usage data and the image data of the image.

[0137] Example 18 is an extension of Example 14 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the pixel shifting pattern includes a temporal weighting factor for adjusting an amount of time that an image will occupy a specified position.

[0138] Example 19 is an extension of Example 18 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the temporal weighting factor is set to zero to indicate that the specified position is to be skipped.

[0139] Example 20 is an extension of Example 14 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein logic is used to periodically modify the pixel shifting pattern.

[0140] Example 21 is an extension of Example 14 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein logic is used to parse the OLED display into two or more non-overlapping segments based on accumulated pixel usage data.

[0141] Example 22 is an extension of Example 21 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein logic is used to generate a different pixel shifting pattern for each non-overlapping segment.

[0142] Example 23 is an extension of Example 1 or any other example disclosed herein, where a pixel shifting pattern is used to delay the onset of aging of an OLED display.

[0143] Example 24 is a method comprising accumulating pixel usage data for an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, receiving image data for an image to be displayed, generating a pixel shift pattern for the image based on the accumulated pixel usage data and the image data of the image, applying the pixel shift pattern to the image to generate modified image data, and outputting the modified image data for display.

[0144] Example 25 is an extension of Example 24 or any other example disclosed herein, where the pixel usage data is based on a previously displayed image.

[0145] Example 26 is an extension of Example 24 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the pixel usage data indicates an age of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0146] Example 27 is an extension of Example 24 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the pixel usage data indicates a total amount of usage of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0147] Example 28 is an extension of Example 24 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the pixel usage data indicates an illumination level of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0148] Example 29 is an extension of Example 24 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the pixel usage data indicates a brightness level of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0149] Example 30 is an extension of Example 24 or any other example disclosed herein to generate a usage profile for each pixel of the OLED display based on the pixel usage data.

[0150] Example 31 is an extension of Example 30 or any other example disclosed herein, including a damage signature of an OLED display in the usage profile.

[0151] Example 32 is an extension of Example 2314 or any other example disclosed herein, indicating in a damage profile a level of damage sustained by one or more regions of an OLED display.

[0152] Example 33 is an extension of Example 32 or any other example disclosed herein to indicate a level of damage by specifying a priority assigned to each region of the OLED display.

[0153] Example 34 is an extension of Example 33 or any other example disclosed herein, assigning a relatively low priority to a region with relatively high damage and assigning a relatively high priority to a region with relatively low damage.

[0154] Example 35 is an extension of Example 33 or any other example disclosed herein, assigning a relatively low priority to a region characterized by relatively high aging and assigning a relatively high priority to a region characterized by relatively low aging.

[0155] Example 36 is an extension of Example 33 or any other example disclosed herein, assigning a relatively low priority to regions characterized by relatively high brightness and assigning a relatively high priority to regions characterized by relatively low brightness.

[0156] Example 37 is an extension of Example 24 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the pixel shift pattern includes multiple steps, each step specifying a position for displaying an image on the OLED display relative to the center of the image and a corresponding amount of time that the image will occupy the specified position.

[0157] Example 38 is an extension of Example 37 or any other example disclosed herein, where the position is specified by a horizontal pixel position and a vertical pixel position.

[0158] Example 39 is an extension of Example 37 or any other example disclosed herein, where the amount of time is indicated by a fraction of the frame rate of the OLED display.

[0159] Example 40 is an extension of Example 37 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the pixel shifting mode includes one or more of an adjustment to the amount of time and an adjustment to the specified position based on the accumulated pixel usage data and the image data of the image.

[0160] Example 41 is an extension of Example 37 or any other example disclosed herein, wherein the pixel shifting pattern includes a time weighting factor for adjusting the amount of time that the image will occupy the specified position.

[0161] Example 42 is an extension of Example 41 or any other example disclosed herein, setting the temporal weighting factor to zero to indicate that the specified position is to be skipped.

[0162] Example 43 is an extension of Example 37 or any other example disclosed herein, periodically modifying the pixel shift pattern.

[0163] Example 44 is an extension of Example 37 or any other example disclosed herein to resolve the OLED display into two or more non-overlapping segments based on accumulated pixel usage data.

[0164] Example 45 is an extension of Example 44 or any other example disclosed herein, generating a different pixel shifting pattern for each non-overlapping segment.

[0165] Example 46 is an extension of Example 24 or any other example disclosed herein, where a pixel shifting pattern is used to delay the onset of aging of an OLED display.

[0166] Example 47 is at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to accumulate pixel usage data for an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display for storage in a memory, receive image data for an image to be displayed, generate a pixel shift pattern for the image based on the accumulated pixel usage data and the image data for the image, apply the pixel shift pattern to the image to generate modified image data, and output the modified image data for display.

[0167] Example 48 is an extension of Example 47 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to accumulate pixel usage data based on previously displayed images.

[0168] Example 49 is an extension of Example 47 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to accumulate pixel usage data indicating an age of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0169] Example 50 is an extension of Example 47 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to accumulate pixel usage data indicating an amount of usage of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0170] Example 51 is an extension of Example 47 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to accumulate pixel usage data indicating an illumination level for each pixel of the OLED display.

[0171] Example 52 is an extension of Example 47 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to accumulate pixel usage data indicating a brightness level of each pixel of the OLED display.

[0172] Example 53 is an extension of Example 47 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to generate a usage profile for each pixel of the OLED display based on the accumulated pixel usage data.

[0173] Example 54 is an extension of Example 54 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to generate a usage profile that includes a damage signature of the OLED display.

[0174] Example 55 is an extension of Example 54 or any other example disclosed herein, causing the computing device to include a damage signature indicating a level of damage sustained by one or more regions of the OLED display.

[0175] Example 56 is an extension of Example 55 or any other example disclosed herein, including instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to specify a level of damage by a priority assigned to each region of the OLED display.

[0176] Example 57 is an extension of Example 56 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to assign a relatively low priority to a region with relatively high damage and assign a relatively high priority to a region with relatively low damage.

[0177] Example 58 is an extension of Example 56 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to assign a relatively low priority to a region characterized by relatively high aging and to assign a relatively high priority to a region characterized by relatively low aging.

[0178] Example 59 is an extension of Example 56 or any other example disclosed herein, including instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to assign a relatively low priority to areas characterized by relatively high brightness and to assign a relatively high priority to areas characterized by relatively low brightness.

[0179] Example 60 is an extension of Example 47 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to generate a pixel shift pattern, the pixel shift pattern comprising a plurality of steps, each step specifying a position for displaying an image on the OLED display relative to a center of the image and a corresponding amount of time that the image will occupy the specified position.

[0180] Example 61 is an extension of Example 60 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to specify a position by a horizontal pixel position and a vertical pixel position.

[0181] Example 62 is an extension of Example 60 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to indicate the amount of time by a fraction of a frame rate of the OLED display.

[0182] Example 63 is an extension of Example 60 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to generate a pixel shifting pattern that includes one or more of an adjustment to an amount of time and an adjustment to a specified position based on accumulated pixel usage data and image data of the image.

[0183] Example 64 is an extension of Example 47 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to generate a pixel shifting pattern that includes a time weighting factor for adjusting the amount of time an image will occupy a specified position.

[0184] Example 65 is an extension of Example 64 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to set the temporal weighting factor to zero to indicate that the specified position is to be skipped.

[0185] Example 66 is an extension of Example 60 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to periodically modify a pixel shifting pattern.

[0186] Example 67 is an extension of Example 60 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to parse the OLED display into two or more non-overlapping segments based on accumulated pixel usage data.

[0187] Example 68 is an extension of Example 67 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to generate a different pixel shifting pattern for each non-overlapping segment.

[0188] Example 69 is an extension of Example 47 or any other example disclosed herein, comprising instructions that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to generate a pixel shifting pattern for delaying the onset of aging of an OLED display.

[0189] Each of the foregoing examples may be extended to any self-emissive and / or pixel-based display, including, for example, plasma displays, micro-LED displays, and quantum dot LED (QLED) displays, as well as liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

[0190] The foregoing description of the various example embodiments has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is not limited by this detailed description but by the appended claims. Future applications claiming priority to the present application may claim the disclosed subject matter in different ways and may generally include any set of one or more limitations as variously disclosed or otherwise presented herein.

[0191] Many specific details have been set forth herein in order to provide a thorough understanding of these embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these embodiments may be implemented without these specific details. In other instances, known methods, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the present invention. It is understood that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may represent but do not necessarily limit the scope of the embodiments.

[0192] Some embodiments may be described using the expressions "coupled" and "connected" and their derivatives. These terms are not intended to be synonymous with each other. For example, some embodiments may be described using the terms "connected" and / or "coupled" to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. However, the term "coupled" may also refer to two or more elements that are not in direct contact with each other, but still cooperate or interact with each other.

[0193] Unless otherwise stated, it should be appreciated that terms such as "processing," "computing," "calculating," "determining," etc., represent actions and / or processes of a computer or computing system or similar electronic computing device that manipulate and / or transform data represented as physical quantities (e.g., electronic) within registers and / or memories of the computing system into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computing system's memories, registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

[0194] It should be noted that the methods described herein do not have to be executed in the order described or in any particular order. In addition, various activities described in conjunction with the methods presented herein can be executed in a sequential or parallel manner.

[0195] Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement that is expected to achieve the same purpose may replace the specific embodiments shown. The present disclosure is intended to cover any and all modifications or variations of the embodiments. It is to be understood that the foregoing description is made in an illustrative manner, rather than a limiting manner. It will be clear to those skilled in the art, upon reviewing the foregoing description, that the foregoing embodiments and other embodiments not specifically described herein will be understood. Therefore, the scope of the embodiments includes any other application in which the foregoing combinations, structures, and methods are used.

[0196] It should be emphasized that the abstract of the disclosure herein is provided to comply with 37 CFR §. 1.72 (b), which requires that the abstract enable the reader to quickly ascertain the essence of the technical disclosure. The abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, it can be seen in the foregoing detailed description that in order to make the disclosure smooth, the various features are grouped together in a single embodiment. This disclosure method should not be interpreted as reflecting the intention that the claimed embodiment requires more features than the features explicitly stated in each claim. On the contrary, as reflected in the following claims, the subject matter of the invention lies in less than all the features of a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the attached claims are hereby included in the specific description, wherein each claim stands alone as a separate preferred embodiment. In the attached claims, the terms "including" and "wherein" are used as the plain English equivalents of the corresponding terms "including" and "wherein", respectively. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only as labels and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

[0197] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A device for image display, comprising: Memory; as well as logic, at least a portion of which is implemented in circuitry coupled to the memory, the logic to: Accumulating pixel usage data of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display to store in the memory; receiving image data for an image to be displayed; determining a pixel usage distribution of the image based on the image data; generating a pixel shifting pattern for the image based on the accumulated pixel usage data and the pixel usage distribution, wherein the pixel shifting pattern includes a temporal weighting factor for adjusting an amount of time that the image will occupy the specified position, the temporal weighting factor being set to zero to indicate that the specified position is to be skipped; applying the pixel shifting pattern to the image to generate modified image data; as well as The modified image data is output for display.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The accumulated pixel usage data is based on previously displayed images.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The logic is configured to generate a damage signature for the OLED display based on the accumulated pixel usage data, the damage signature being indicative of a level of damage sustained by one or more regions of the OLED display.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The damage level is specified by the priority assigned to each area of ​​the OLED display.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that The logic is to assign a relatively low priority to a region having a relatively high level of damage and a relatively high priority to a region having a relatively low level of damage.

6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that The logic is to assign a relatively low priority to regions characterized by a relatively high aging and a relatively high priority to regions characterized by a relatively low aging.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The pixel shifting pattern includes a plurality of steps, each step specifying a location for displaying the image on the OLED display relative to the center of the image and a corresponding amount of time that the image will occupy the specified location.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The position is specified by a horizontal pixel position and a vertical pixel position.

9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The pixel shifting pattern includes one or more of an adjustment to the amount of time and an adjustment to the specified location based on accumulated pixel usage data and the image data of the image.

10. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The logic is used to periodically modify the pixel shifting pattern.

11. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The logic is to parse the OLED display into two or more non-overlapping segments based on the accumulated pixel usage data.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that The logic is used to generate a different pixel shifting pattern for each non-overlapping segment.

13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The pixel shifting pattern is used to delay the onset of aging of the OLED display.

14. A method for image display, comprising: Accumulate pixel usage data of organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays; receiving image data for an image to be displayed; determining a pixel usage distribution of the image based on the image data; generating a pixel shifting pattern for the image based on the accumulated pixel usage data and the pixel usage distribution, wherein the pixel shifting pattern includes a temporal weighting factor for adjusting an amount of time that the image will occupy the specified position, the temporal weighting factor being set to zero to indicate that the specified position is to be skipped; applying the pixel shifting pattern to the image to generate modified image data; as well as The modified image data is output for display.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The pixel shifting pattern includes a plurality of steps, each step specifying a location for displaying the image on the OLED display relative to the center of the image and a corresponding amount of time that the image will occupy the specified location.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The pixel shifting pattern is periodically modified.

17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The OLED display is parsed into two or more non-overlapping segments based on the accumulated pixel usage data.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that A different pixel shifting pattern is generated for each non-overlapping segment.

19. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The position is specified by a horizontal pixel position and a vertical pixel position.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein: The amount of time is indicated by a fraction of the frame rate of the OLED display.

21. The method of claim 14, wherein: The pixel shifting pattern is used to delay the onset of aging of the OLED display.

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