Biomass cracking gas hydrogen production method, device and control system

Abstract

A biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device, control system and method, wherein the device includes a feeding device, a preheating tunnel, a pyrolysis device, a cooling separation device and an organic steam reforming reactor; the feeding device is used to transport biomass raw materials and biomass charcoal after pyrolysis; the pyrolysis device includes at least one pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis of biomass raw materials, and each pyrolysis furnace is connected to the cooling separation device; the cooling separation device is used to cool the biomass cracking tail gas and biomass charcoal after pyrolysis, and the cooling separation device is connected to the organic steam reforming reactor through a flue gas electromagnetic control valve; the organic steam reforming reactor is provided with an upper reactor for carbon particles and water vapor reaction, and a lower reactor for solid semi-carbon pyrolysis products and combustible flue gas reaction, and the organic steam reforming reactor is provided with an output pipeline for connecting a post-processing device. The present invention can improve energy utilization and hydrogen content, realize large-scale production, and effectively reduce the cost of hydrogen production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of hydrogen production by cracking, and in particular to a method and device for producing hydrogen by cracking biomass gas and a control system thereof. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen, as a non-toxic, odorless, high calorific value gas that generates water after combustion, is a very good clean energy source and has been widely used in various fields, especially as an ideal fuel for fuel cells. Hydrogen can be used in some occasions where fossil fuels can be used today. Therefore, it is an ideal alternative energy source. Its good economic prospects and environmental advantages have attracted great attention. In the future sustainable energy system, it is expected to become a major terminal energy source that is equal to and complementary to electricity.

[0003] However, there is rarely concentrated elemental hydrogen in natural resources, so if hydrogen energy is to be used, it must first be artificially produced on a large scale. There are many methods for producing hydrogen at present, such as coal and coke gasification to produce hydrogen, natural gas or petroleum product conversion to produce oxygen, methanol to produce hydrogen, solar energy to produce hydrogen, water decomposition to produce hydrogen, water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, water gas conversion to produce hydrogen, methane cracking to produce hydrogen, various industrial tail gas hydrogen, chlor-alkali industry by-product hydrogen, etc.

[0004] At present, more than 80% of the world's industrial hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of non-renewable fossil raw materials such as natural gas and coal, which consumes a lot of energy and needs to deal with a large amount of polluting tail gas such as sulfide and nitride. Water electrolysis is another mature hydrogen production process. Although it has high hydrogen production efficiency and is pollution-free, it has the disadvantage of high power consumption.

[0005] As another major source of hydrogen, biomass has great development potential. Biomass refers to all biological materials accumulated over time within a certain space. It includes all biological organisms that grow or accumulate on the earth, such as straw, firewood, human and animal feces, etc. Biomass energy is a form of energy in which solar energy is stored in biological organisms in the form of chemical energy. It is an energy with biomass as a carrier, which comes directly or indirectly from the photosynthesis of plants. Among various renewable energy sources, biomass energy is unique. The solar energy it stores is also the only renewable energy source, which can be converted into conventional gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels. It is estimated that the carbon fixed by plant photosynthesis on the earth can reach 2×10t per year, containing 3×102J of energy. Therefore, the solar energy stored in plants through photosynthesis each year is equivalent to 10 times the global energy consumption per year. In addition to its large energy reserves and wide range of carriers, biomass also has other advantages: green plants can absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. From a macro perspective, the carbon dioxide produced by consuming biomass is re-fixed, which is equivalent to zero emissions; the ash content of biomass is lower than that of coal, and its nitrogen content is also lower than that of coal. In particular, the sulfur content of biomass is extremely low. The sulfur content of coal is generally 0.5% to 1.3%, while the sulfur content of biomass is generally less than 0.2%. Therefore, the pollution to the atmospheric environment is small when burned, etc.

[0006] The utilization methods of biomass energy mainly include direct combustion, biochemical treatment and thermochemical conversion. The thermal utilization rate of direct combustion of biomass is low, and secondary pollutants will be generated. However, due to its simple technology and low investment cost, it is still in use. Biochemical treatment methods include microbial anaerobic digestion, fermentation and metabolism, etc. The reaction conditions are mild, no or little secondary pollution is generated, and it is environmentally friendly, but the current cost is high, and it is impossible to carry out large-scale high-quality conversion of solid biomass. Thermochemical conversion method The product obtained by thermochemical conversion method is gaseous or liquid fuel, which not only greatly increases the biomass energy flow density, improves the energy quality, and expands the scope of use of biomass energy, but also its cost is lower than that of obtaining organic fuel by biochemical method.

[0007] At present, biomass hydrogen production is still in the research and development stage. The existing biomass hydrogen production technology is mainly achieved through thermochemical methods, including biomass gasification technology and bio-oil steam reforming technology. Among them, biomass gasification hydrogen production has the advantages of relatively mature technology and simple process, but there are still many shortcomings, such as low hydrogen yield and high reaction temperature, resulting in high energy consumption and high cost.

[0008] At the same time, there is no complete process production line for hydrogen production from biomass cracking gas, which makes it impossible to carry out large-scale and efficient hydrogen production under existing technologies. Summary of the invention

[0009] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a method and device for producing hydrogen from biomass cracking gas and a control system thereof, which can further improve the hydrogen yield, simplify the purification process, reduce energy consumption and hydrogen production costs, and achieve mass production.

[0010] According to the first aspect, a specific embodiment provides a biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device, including a feeding device, a preheating tunnel, a pyrolysis device, a cooling and separation device, and an organic steam reforming reactor;

[0011] The feeding device is used to transport the biomass raw materials through the preheating tunnel and then feed them to the pyrolysis device, and transport the biomass charcoal after pyrolysis;

[0012] The pyrolysis device comprises at least one pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing biomass raw materials, each pyrolysis furnace being in communication with the cooling and separation device;

[0013] The cooling and separation device is used to cool the biomass pyrolysis tail gas and biomass charcoal after thermal pyrolysis, and the cooling and separation device is connected to the organic matter steam reforming reactor through a flue gas electromagnetic control valve;

[0014] The organic steam reforming reactor is provided with an upper reactor for reacting carbon particles and water vapor, and the upper reactor is provided with an upper catalyst inlet and outlet; and a lower reactor for reacting solid semi-carbon pyrolysis products and combustible flue gas, and the lower reactor is provided with a lower catalyst inlet and outlet. The organic steam reforming reactor is provided with an output pipeline for connecting to a post-processing device.

[0015] Furthermore, the organic steam reforming reactor is provided with two downwardly inclined pipes, one end of the upper inclined pipe leads to the upper reactor, the other end is provided with an upper catalyst outlet, and an upper catalyst inlet open upward is provided; one end of the lower inclined pipe leads to the lower reactor, the other end is provided with a lower catalyst outlet, and a lower catalyst inlet open upward is provided.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a heat exchanger for heat exchange between biomass cracking tail gas and reformed hydrogen flow, the heat exchanger is provided with an inlet heat exchanger and an outlet heat exchanger, the inlet heat exchanger, the outlet heat exchanger and the organic steam reforming reactor are interconnected, the inlet heat exchanger is respectively connected to the cooling separation device and the preheating tunnel, and the outlet heat exchanger is connected to the post-processing device.

[0017] Furthermore, the lower part of the organic steam reforming reactor is also provided with an inlet and an outlet for solid charcoal powder.

[0018] Furthermore, the organic matter steam reforming reactor is communicated with the catalyst silo through a catalyst input pipeline provided therein, and is connected to the catalyst feeding device.

[0019] Furthermore, the cooling and separation device comprises a cooling water pool, a cooler and a flue gas cooling tower, the cooling water pool, the cooler and the flue gas cooling tower are connected in sequence, and the flue gas cooling tower is connected to the organic steam reforming reactor through a flue gas electromagnetic control valve.

[0020] Furthermore, the feeding device includes an automatic feeding trolley, a feeding track and a feeding rotating platform. The feeding rotating platform is arranged on both sides of the preheating tunnel. The feeding track is arranged parallel to the preheating tunnel and the pyrolysis device. The automatic feeding trolley is movably connected to the feeding track and slides on the feeding track.

[0021] According to the second aspect, a control system is provided in a specific embodiment for the above-mentioned biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device, which includes a computer control center, a human-machine interface and a programmable controller. The computer control center is connected to the programmable controller by signal, the computer control center is connected to the human-machine interface by communication, the human-machine interface is electrically connected to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller is electrically connected to the control feeding system, drying system, pyrolysis system, discharging system and hydraulic system provided in the pyrolysis device.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor, a liquid level sensor and a gas sensor, and the temperature sensor, the displacement sensor and the gas sensor are electrically connected to the programmable controller respectively.

[0023] According to the third aspect, a method for producing hydrogen from biomass cracking gas is provided in a specific embodiment, which is used in conjunction with the above-mentioned biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device, and the steps include: the biomass raw material is preheated and then enters a pyrolysis furnace, and is pyrolyzed under anaerobic conditions to obtain biomass char and biomass cracking tail gas, and the obtained biomass cracking tail gas is cooled and solid-gas separated, and the solid semi-char pyrolysis product in the biomass cracking tail gas and the combustible flue gas produced by pyrolysis are added with Fe 2 O 2 / γ-Al 2 O 3 Catalyst and catalytic reforming under certain conditions, carbon particles and water vapor are added to the iron oxide catalyst and catalytic reforming under certain conditions, and hydrogen is obtained after treatment; Fe 2 O 2 / γ-Al 2 O 3 The Fe / Al ratio of the catalyst was 0.7.

[0024] According to the above embodiments, the present application provides a complete set of biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device and its control system in combination with the process method of thermal cracking and secondary catalytic cracking of biomass under certain conditions. The same device can simultaneously produce two clean energy sources, biomass hydrogen charcoal and hydrogen, thereby improving energy utilization. The use of biomass charcoal as a biomass raw material increases the hydrogen content in the product gas, increases the hydrogen production rate, and solves the problem of difficult removal of tar in the pyrolysis product gas, thereby obtaining clean hydrogen-rich gas. Large-scale production can be achieved, effectively reducing the cost of hydrogen production and greatly improving economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic front view of the overall structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The structural diagram of the automatic feeding trolley;

[0027] Figure 3-1 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the central feeding rotating platform;

[0028] Figure 3-2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of the central feeding rotating platform;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the pyrolysis device;

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the flue gas cooling tower;

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the plane structure;

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the organic steam reforming reactor;

[0033] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the plane structure;

[0034] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the AA cross-section structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific implementation modes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] See also Figure 1This embodiment provides a biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device, including a feeding device, a preheating tunnel 20, a pyrolysis device, a cooling and separation device, and an organic steam reforming reactor 50. The pyrolysis device, the cooling and separation device, and the organic steam reforming reactor 50 are connected in sequence.

[0037] The feeding device is used to transport the biomass raw materials through the preheating tunnel 20 and then feed them to the pyrolysis device, and transport the biomass charcoal after pyrolysis. Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 In this embodiment, the feeding device includes an automatic feeding trolley 11 and a feeding track 12 (see Figure 1 ) and a feeding rotating platform 13. The feeding track 12 is arranged in parallel in front of the preheating tunnel 20 and the pyrolysis device, and the automatic feeding trolley 11 is movably connected with the feeding track 12 and slides on the feeding track 12. The automatic feeding trolley 11 is provided with a loading part and a roller, which can load a material frame containing biomass raw materials, and a matching part for matching the feeding track 12 is provided on both sides of the bottom, and the wheels match the feeding track 12 to slide relatively, so as to realize the function of transporting materials. In a specific embodiment, the matching part can be a wheel or a bump, which matches the U-shaped groove provided on the feeding track 12, and the matching part can also be a U-shaped groove, and the ferrule matches the feeding track. The feeding rotating platform 13 is respectively arranged on both sides of the preheating tunnel 20, and the feeding rotating platform 13 near the entrance of the preheating tunnel 20 is taken as an example to illustrate its structure. The feeding rotating platform 13 is provided with a flat plate part for placing the material frame, and a driving part for driving the entire feeding rotating platform 13, at least four supporting feet, and a directional direction wheel provided at the bottom of each supporting foot are provided below the flat plate part. When the automatic feeding trolley 11 transports the material frame to the entrance of the preheating tunnel 20, the driving unit of the feeding rotating platform 13 drives it to rotate 90 degrees, and pushes the material frame onto the feeding rotating platform 13 through a pre-set hydraulic system or pneumatic system. After the material frame docks with the tunnel track, the driving unit drives the feeding rotating platform 13 to rotate 90 degrees in the opposite direction to reset. In other embodiments, the feeding rotating platform 13 can be set to other structures as long as the same function can be achieved. In order to achieve automatic positioning and facilitate the transportation of biomass raw materials, corresponding displacement sensors are provided at the feeding rotating platform 13, the preheating tunnel 20, the pyrolysis furnace 30 and other devices.

[0038] See also Figure 4 The pyrolysis device includes at least one pyrolysis furnace 30 for pyrolyzing biomass raw materials, such as two or three. In this embodiment, in order to improve efficiency and facilitate maintenance, four pyrolysis furnaces 30 are arranged in parallel. The pyrolysis furnace 30 includes a sealing cover, a furnace body, a feeding device, a drying device, a pyrolysis device and a discharging device. Since the pyrolysis furnace is a prior art, those skilled in the art are aware of its specific structure, so the specific structure of the pyrolysis furnace will not be described here.

[0039] Each pyrolysis furnace 30 is connected to a cooling and separation device to achieve cooling outside the furnace and solid-gas separation. When the pyrolysis cooling time of the pyrolysis device is up, the automatic feeding trolley 11 moves to the corresponding position of the pyrolysis furnace 30, automatically detects and aligns with the track in the furnace, and after the sealing cover is opened, the hydraulic system is started to push the biomass carbon together with the material frame onto the automatic feeding trolley 11. After the material frame is in place, the automatic feeding trolley 11 transports the biomass carbon to the discharge area and automatically unloads the material.

[0040] The cooling and separation device is used to cool the biomass pyrolysis tail gas after thermal pyrolysis. The cooling and separation device includes a cooling water pool 41, a cooler 42 and a flue gas cooling tower 43. The cooling water pool 41, the cooler 42 and the flue gas cooling tower 43 (see Figure 5-6 ) are connected in sequence. The flue gas cooling tower 43 is connected to the organic steam reforming reactor 50 through a flue gas electromagnetic control valve. When the pyrolysis furnace 30 starts to heat, the cooling water pool 41 and the cooler 42 start to work, and the biomass cracking tail gas generated after the biomass is cracked enters the flue gas cooling tower 43 from the pyrolysis furnace 30. At this time, the flue gas electromagnetic control valve is closed, and the biomass cracking tail gas is separated into solid and gas in the flue gas cooling tower 43. When the cooling and solid-gas separation are completed, the flue gas electromagnetic control valve is opened, and the cooled and separated biomass cracking tail gas is pumped out of the flue gas cooling tower 43 to the next link through a Roots blower. At this time, the biomass cracking tail gas includes carbon particles, water vapor, solid semi-carbon pyrolysis products and combustible flue gas.

[0041] See also Figures 7 to 9 The organic steam reforming reactor 50 is provided with an upper reactor for the reaction of carbon particles and water vapor, a lower reactor for the reaction of solid semi-carbon pyrolysis products and combustible flue gas, and two downwardly inclined inclined pipes. The inclination angle is 35-50 degrees, and the optimal inclination angle is 45 degrees. The downwardly inclined inclined pipe is conducive to the automatic outflow of the catalyst, and is convenient for the addition, replacement and recycling of the catalyst. One end of the upper inclined pipe leads to the upper reactor, and the other end is provided with an upper catalyst outlet 52 and an upper catalyst outlet valve, and an upper catalyst inlet open upward is also provided, which is usually arranged in a funnel shape; one end of the lower inclined pipe leads to the lower reactor, and the other end is provided with a lower catalyst outlet 54 and a lower catalyst outlet valve, and a lower catalyst inlet open upward is also provided, which is usually arranged in a funnel shape.

[0042] Preferably, in order to make full use of the finely divided biomass carbon produced by cracking, in this embodiment, a solid charcoal powder inlet 55 and a solid charcoal powder outlet 56 can be provided at the lower part of the organic steam reforming reactor 50. The solid charcoal powder is obtained by treating the finely divided charcoal remaining after the biomass cracking. The solid charcoal powder enters the biomass cracking tail gas reforming hydrogen production device and reacts with the water vapor in the biomass cracking tail gas, which can further improve the hydrogen production rate, reduce the water vapor in the hydrogen flow, and reduce the water vapor content in the purification process. In addition, the heat loss in the reaction process can be reduced, and the amount of gas discharged can be reduced.

[0043] Preferably, in order to realize automatic feeding, the present embodiment is provided with a feeding system, and the organic steam reforming reactor 50 is provided with a catalyst input pipeline, which is communicated with an external catalyst silo through the catalyst input pipeline and connected to a catalyst feeding device. The catalyst feeding device can be driven by a worm, or it can be driven by hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, or other driving structures can be set. The feeding time can be set in advance, and the catalyst is transported from the catalyst silo to the upper catalyst inlet 51 and / or the lower catalyst inlet 53 through the catalyst input pipeline. After a predetermined time, the upper catalyst outlet valve and / or the lower catalyst outlet valve are opened to allow the catalyst to flow out automatically.

[0044] Preferably, in order to further improve the utilization rate of thermal energy and save energy, in this embodiment, the biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device also includes a heat exchanger for heat exchange between the biomass cracking tail gas and the reformed hydrogen gas flow. The heat exchanger is provided with an inlet heat exchanger 61 and an outlet heat exchanger 62, and the inlet heat exchanger 61, the outlet heat exchanger 62 and the organic steam reforming reactor 50 are interconnected. The inlet heat exchanger 61 is respectively connected to the cooling separation device and the preheating tunnel 20, and the outlet heat exchanger 62 is connected to the post-processing device 70.

[0045] The temperature of the biomass pyrolysis tail gas after cooling is 450-600°C. When it enters the inlet heat exchanger 61 through the pipeline, it exchanges heat with the reformed hydrogen flow, which increases the temperature of the biomass pyrolysis tail gas and reduces the temperature of the hydrogen flow. The biomass pyrolysis tail gas enters the preheating tunnel 20 through the pipeline to preheat the biomass raw materials that have not been thermally cracked. Based on the energy balance of the biomass raw materials themselves, no conventional energy is required to provide additional process heat, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the entire system. After the hydrogen flow is cooled by the heat exchanger, it enters the post-processing device 70, such as setting a radiator to further reduce the temperature of the hydrogen flow, and setting a cyclone separator to separate the solid powder contained therein, which includes the carbon in the biomass pyrolysis tail gas and the ash and catalyst powder contained therein.

[0046] The working process of the biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device in this embodiment is briefly described below.

[0047] The automatic feeding trolley 11 is loaded with a material frame containing biomass raw materials, and transported to the feeding rotating platform 13 near the entrance of the preheating tunnel 20 on the feeding track 12. The displacement sensor provided on the feeding rotating platform 13 near the entrance of the preheating tunnel 20 automatically detects that it is in place, and the feeding rotating platform 13 rotates 90 degrees. The hydraulic system pushes the material frame to the feeding rotating platform 13 near the entrance of the preheating tunnel 20. After the displacement sensor detects that the material frame is in place, the feeding rotating platform 13 near the entrance of the preheating tunnel 20 rotates 90 degrees in the opposite direction to reset it, so that it docks with the track provided in the preheating tunnel 20. The hydraulic system pushes the material frame to the preheating tunnel 20 for preheating. At this time, the preheating gas is blown out from the inlet heat exchanger 61. The preheating tunnel 20 can store several material frames in advance. When the predetermined preheating time is reached, the hydraulic system pulls several material frames to the feeding rotating platform 13 near the exit of the preheating tunnel 20 in turn. While the displacement sensor provided therein limits and detects the position, the automatic feeding trolley 11 moves to the front of the feeding rotating platform 13 near the exit of the preheating tunnel 20. The feeding rotating platform 13 near the exit of the preheating tunnel 20 rotates 90 degrees. When the tracks of the two are parallel and docked, the hydraulic system pulls the material frame to the automatic feeding trolley 11, and the feeding rotating platform 13 rotates 90 degrees in the opposite direction to reset. The automatic feeding trolley 11 moves forward until it reaches the pyrolysis furnace 30. Take one of the pyrolysis furnaces 30 as an example to illustrate the working process. After the automatic feeding trolley 11 docks with the track of the pyrolysis furnace 30, the hydraulic system pulls the material frame to the pyrolysis furnace 30. After the displacement sensor detects the position, the hydraulic system resets, the sealing cover of the pyrolysis furnace 30 descends, and the pyrolysis furnace 30 starts to heat. While the pyrolysis furnace 30 is being heated, the cooling pool 41, the cooler 42 and the flue gas cooling tower 43 also start working. When the biomass cracking tail gas generated by thermal cracking passes through the flue gas cooling tower 43, solids such as tar and dust settle, and mixed gases such as water vapor and hydrogen flow out. At this time, the flue gas electromagnetic control valve is opened, and the mixed gas is pumped to the inlet heat exchanger 61, and the temperature is increased after heat exchange, and it enters the preheating tunnel 20 through the pipeline, and the biomass raw materials in the preheating tunnel 20 are preheated and then enter the organic steam reforming reactor through the pipeline, and two different catalysts are added to the corresponding catalyst inlet through the catalyst feeding device, and solid charcoal powder is added from the solid charcoal powder inlet 55, and the charcoal powder is added to the middle of the organic steam reformer. In the organic steam reforming reactor 50, the catalytic reaction generates hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide and hydrogen can be separated by calcium chloride. After the hydrogen flow is separated in the organic steam reforming reactor 50, it first passes through the outlet heat exchanger 62, and then passes through the post-processing device 70, such as a radiator, and is extracted and sealed separately after treatment.

[0048] In addition, when the pyrolysis cooling time of the pyrolysis furnace 30 is reached, the automatic feeding trolley 11 moves to the front of the pyrolysis furnace 30, and is aligned with the track inside the pyrolysis furnace 30 after automatic detection by the displacement sensor. The sealing cover is automatically lifted, and the hydraulic system is started to pull the pyrolyzed biomass carbon together with the material frame onto the feeding track 12 where the automatic feeding trolley 11 is located. After the material frame is in place, the automatic feeding trolley 11 transports the pyrolytic carbon to the discharge area and automatically unloads the material.

[0049] The present invention also provides a control system for the above-mentioned biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device, which includes a computer control center, a human-machine interface and a programmable controller. The computer control center is connected to the programmable controller by signal, the computer control center is connected to the human-machine interface by communication, the human-machine interface is electrically connected to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller is electrically connected to the feeding system, drying system, pyrolysis system, discharging system and hydraulic system provided in the pyrolysis device respectively.

[0050] The control system also includes a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor, a liquid level sensor and a gas sensor, and the temperature sensor, the displacement sensor, the liquid level sensor and the gas sensor are electrically connected to the programmable controller respectively.

[0051] The human-machine interface in this embodiment is a touch screen, which includes a control module, a monitoring module and an alarm module.

[0052] The three module pages can be switched among each other and connected to the programmable controller. The control module triggers the signal through the human-machine interface to drive the programmable controller to execute program instructions.

[0053] The control module of the human-machine interface is mainly displayed in the display area of ​​the human-machine interface, and the display area contains the control modules of the programmable controller, feeding system, drying system, pyrolysis system, discharging system and hydraulic system. The control of the feeding system and the discharging system is mainly reflected in modifying the parameters of the feeding and discharging speed, starting and stopping the feeding and discharging, automatic and manual selection of feeding and discharging, and emergency stop of production. The function selection can be realized by clicking each function key on the control module of the touch screen. The control of the drying system and the pyrolysis system is reflected in the fact that different biological materials require different drying and pyrolysis temperatures, times, and exhaust volumes. It is necessary to modify the corresponding production parameters, or to choose to temporarily stop the heating function, just click on the touch screen to operate.

[0054] The monitoring module of the human-machine interface is mainly displayed in the display area of ​​the human-machine interface, and no system parameters can be set or modified. It mainly simulates the feeding, drying, pyrolysis, discharging and movement and stop status of the main operating components of the pyrolysis device and the hydraulic system such as the oil pump, water pump, heating system, working platform, and hydraulic system on the human-machine interface to see if they are running in an orderly manner according to the instruction program.

[0055] The alarm module of the human-machine interface is mainly displayed in the display area of ​​the human-machine interface. The temperature, liquid level, speed, oil pressure, fault and other parameters required for the production of each system are pre-set in the alarm module. The input signal of the programmable controller is connected by a sensor to the microprocessor, and then the microprocessor compares it with the originally designed instruction program; it is transmitted to the human-machine interface through communication and displayed in the alarm module, and the cause of the fault alarm is prompted. When the alarm signal triggers the emergency stop function, the programmable controller will automatically start the function of terminating the system operation until the alarm or fault is eliminated.

[0056] The computer control center uses the network and a specific software platform to realize the real-time monitoring of the production data of the branch by the headquarters. The computer control center mainly inputs relevant production data, such as the production of biomass raw materials, production batches, temperature and time required for product production, etc., to form the corresponding production formula. The relevant production formula and data are stored, and the data is transmitted back to the data center through the network and specific software networking, which is convenient for the headquarters company and the branch company's data center to check and monitor. The company realizes unified planning and coordination, and arranges production in an orderly manner.

[0057] The computer control center is connected to the human-machine interface in order to facilitate the human-machine interface to call the production formula in the computer and modify the relevant production parameters in the formula according to the actual production requirements. If you want to save the modified parameters to form a new formula, just save it in the computer.

[0058] The programmable controller directly controls the feeding system, drying system, pyrolysis system, discharging system and hydraulic system. Each system cooperates with each other and can be operated independently. The sensor also feeds back the signal of each system to the programmable controller 82 at any time, so that it can jump, call or interrupt the corresponding program instruction according to the parameters preset by the sensor.

[0059] The temperature sensor is mainly located in the drying area and pyrolysis area of ​​the pyrolysis device. The minimum critical temperature and the maximum critical temperature of the sensor production are set, and the production temperature is displayed on the human-machine interface. The temperature sensor is connected to the programmable controller. When the temperature of the drying area and the pyrolysis area is lower than the minimum critical temperature, the sensor sends a signal to the programmable controller, the microprocessor of the programmable controller sends a start command, and the relevant contactors and relays are energized. The peripheral heating equipment starts to heat the drying area and the pyrolysis area of ​​the pyrolysis device; when the temperature of the drying area and the pyrolysis area of ​​the pyrolysis device reaches the maximum critical temperature, the sensor feedbacks a signal to the programmable controller, the microprocessor of the programmable controller sends a stop command, the relevant contactors and relays lose power, the peripheral heating equipment stops heating the drying area and the pyrolysis area of ​​the pyrolysis device, and the pyrolysis device is in the production temperature insulation state. The above actions are cycled in sequence, effectively saving fuel. In order to avoid uneven heat and temperature gradient, it is also necessary to design multi-point temperature measurement in the drying area and the pyrolysis area of ​​the pyrolysis device and equip it with a thermal cycle.

[0060] Liquid level sensor, i.e. high and low liquid level control, is mainly used for circulating water replenishment control of the water tank for cooling water vapor in the drying area of ​​the pyrolysis device. When the water in the water tank is sensed by the high liquid level, the high liquid level sensor sends a signal to the programmable controller. The programmable controller receives the input signal and drives the water pump program to start, and the contactor and relay of the water pump are energized to work, and the water pump starts to pump water. When the water level is lower than the low liquid level sensor, the low liquid level sensor sends a signal to the programmable controller. The programmable controller receives the input signal, and after comparison by the microprocessor instruction program, it sends a termination water pump program, and the contactor and relay of the water pump are de-energized. The water pump stops and circulates in sequence.

[0061] The displacement sensor is mainly used for the control of hydraulic systems, such as the feeding hydraulic system, the transfer hydraulic system and the discharging hydraulic system. The hydraulic system and the displacement sensor are both installed in the low temperature area outside the pyrolysis device. According to the distance that the feeding and discharging platform and the mobile platform of the pyrolysis device need to move, the displacement sensor 828 is installed at the length position where the hydraulic push rod needs to be extended. When the programmable controller receives a signal that requires feeding, transfer or discharging, it drives the hydraulic station oil pump start-up program, the hydraulic pump starts, the hydraulic solenoid valve is energized, the valve core opens the hydraulic rod and extends. When the displacement sensor senses the hydraulic rod, it feeds back an input signal to the programmable controller. When the programmable controller receives the feedback signal, it executes the stop hydraulic pump program. When the programmable controller receives the hydraulic rod recovery signal, it drives the hydraulic station oil pump start-up program, the hydraulic pump starts the oil return hydraulic solenoid valve to be energized, the valve core opens the hydraulic rod to recover, and when it recovers to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder, the solenoid valve loses power and the oil pump stops.

[0062] The gas sensor is mainly used to monitor the combustible waste gas generated by the biomass in the pyrolysis zone of the pyrolysis device, and transmit the signal back to the programmable controller to execute relevant control instructions. A gas sensor is installed at the circulating gas cooling exhaust port for detection. When the biomass waste gas reaches a combustible concentration, the gas sensor sends a signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller executes the program to drive the Roots blower to recycle and store the combustible waste gas. It is used to provide it to gas equipment. In order to prevent unsafe factors such as leakage, smoke sensors and automatic fire extinguishing devices are also installed in the storage area. When smoke is detected, an alarm is automatically issued, the programmable controller 82 starts the fire extinguishing program, and the fire extinguishing device starts the fire extinguishing.

[0063] This embodiment also provides a method for producing hydrogen from biomass cracking gas, which is used in conjunction with the above-mentioned biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device, and the steps include:

[0064] Preheating the biomass raw material, the preheating gas used at this time is the biomass cracking tail gas obtained after thermal cracking and heat exchange, and after reaching the predetermined temperature, it enters the pyrolysis furnace for thermal cracking in an oxygen-free state to obtain biomass hydrogen char and biomass cracking tail gas, cools the flue gas mixture and separates the solid and gas, and performs secondary catalytic cracking on the obtained biomass cracking tail gas under normal pressure. Before the secondary catalytic cracking, it performs heat exchange with the hydrogen flow after the secondary catalytic cracking to reach the predetermined temperature, wherein the solid semi-carbon pyrolysis product in the biomass cracking tail gas and the combustible flue gas produced by pyrolysis are added with Fe 2 O 2 / γ-Al 2 O 3 Catalyst and catalytic reforming are carried out under certain conditions. Carbon particles and water vapor are added to the ferric oxide catalyst and catalytic reforming is carried out under certain conditions to obtain hydrogen after treatment.

[0065] Among them, carbon particles and water vapor are introduced into the lower reactor, and hydrogen and carbon dioxide are obtained after the reaction. Carbon dioxide as a product is conducive to the absorption and removal of gas.

[0066] The solid semi-carbon pyrolysis product and the combustible flue gas produced by pyrolysis are introduced into the upper reactor. The reaction temperature is 450-600°C, the working pressure is 0.10-0.20Mpa, and the total gas flow rate is 20-40 m 3 / hr, and the gas phase residence time is 0.25-1.0s. Fe 2 O 2 / γ-Al 2 O 3 When the Fe / Al ratio of the catalyst is 0.7, a higher hydrogen content is obtained.

[0067] The advantages of this method are:

[0068] 1. Low-temperature thermal cracking in an oxygen-free state reduces the dilution of nitrogen to the gas, increases the energy flux density of the gas, and reduces the difficulty of gas separation;

[0069] 2. The secondary catalytic cracking is carried out under normal pressure, avoiding harsh and complex process conditions;

[0070] 3. Through secondary catalytic cracking, under the joint action of catalyst and water vapor, heavy hydrocarbons (tar) with larger molecular weight are cracked into hydrogen, methane and other light hydrocarbons, realizing the deep conversion of hydrogen-containing compounds such as tar in the pyrolysis components, thereby increasing the hydrogen content in the gas and obtaining cleaner hydrogen-rich gas.

[0071] 4. Using heat exchange, based on the energy balance of biomass raw materials themselves, no conventional energy is required to provide additional process heat;

[0072] 5. Biomass raw materials have a wide range of applications, not only suitable for various woody and herbaceous biomass raw materials, but also suitable for various agricultural and forestry wastes, domestic garbage, urban sludge, etc.;

[0073] 5. It can produce two clean energy sources, biomass hydrogen charcoal and hydrogen, at the same time.

[0074] The above specific examples are used to illustrate the present invention, which is only used to help understand the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, according to the concept of the present invention, some simple deductions, modifications or substitutions can be made.

Claims

1. A biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device, characterized in that: It includes a feeding device, a preheating tunnel, a pyrolysis device, a cooling and separation device, and an organic steam reforming reactor; the feeding device is used to transport the biomass raw materials through the preheating tunnel and then feed them to the pyrolysis device, and transport the biomass charcoal after pyrolysis; The pyrolysis device comprises at least one pyrolysis furnace for thermally cracking biomass raw materials, and each of the pyrolysis furnaces is connected to a cooling and separation device; The cooling and separation device is used to cool the biomass pyrolysis tail gas and biomass char after thermal pyrolysis, and the cooling and separation device is connected to the organic steam reforming reactor through a flue gas electromagnetic control valve; The organic steam reforming reactor is provided with an upper reactor for reacting carbon particles and water vapor, and the upper reactor is provided with an upper catalyst inlet and outlet; and a lower reactor for reacting solid semi-carbon pyrolysis products and combustible flue gas, and the lower reactor is provided with a lower catalyst inlet and outlet, and the organic steam reforming reactor is provided with an output pipeline for connecting to a post-processing device; The organic matter steam reforming reactor is provided with two downwardly inclined pipelines, one end of the upper inclined pipeline leads to the upper reactor, the other end is provided with an upper catalyst outlet, and an upper catalyst inlet is provided which is open upward; one end of the lower inclined pipeline leads to the lower reactor, the other end is provided with a lower catalyst outlet, and a lower catalyst inlet is provided which is open upward; It also includes a heat exchanger for heat exchange between biomass cracking tail gas and reformed hydrogen flow, the heat exchanger is provided with an inlet heat exchanger and an outlet heat exchanger, the inlet heat exchanger, the outlet heat exchanger and the organic steam reforming reactor are interconnected, the inlet heat exchanger is respectively connected to the cooling separation device and the preheating tunnel, and the outlet heat exchanger is connected to the post-processing device.

2. The biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the organic matter steam reforming reactor is also provided with an inlet and an outlet for solid charcoal powder.

3. The biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic matter steam reforming reactor is communicated with the catalyst silo through a catalyst input pipeline provided therein, and is connected with a catalyst feeding device.

4. The biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The cooling and separation device comprises a cooling water pool, a cooler and a flue gas cooling tower. The cooling water pool, the cooler and the flue gas cooling tower are connected in sequence. The flue gas cooling tower is connected to the organic steam reforming reactor through a flue gas electromagnetic control valve.

5. The biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The feeding device includes an automatic feeding trolley, a feeding track and a feeding rotating platform. The feeding rotating platform is arranged on both sides of the preheating tunnel. The feeding track is arranged parallel to the preheating tunnel and the pyrolysis device. The automatic feeding trolley is movably connected to the feeding track and slides on the feeding track.

6. A control system for the biomass cracking gas hydrogen production device according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The invention comprises a computer control center, a human-machine interface and a programmable controller, wherein the computer control center is connected to the programmable controller by signal, the computer control center is connected to the human-machine interface by communication, the human-machine interface is electrically connected to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller is electrically connected to a control feeding system, a drying system, a pyrolysis system, a discharging system and a hydraulic system arranged in the pyrolysis device.

7. The control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor, a liquid level sensor and a gas sensor, and the temperature sensor, the displacement sensor and the gas sensor are electrically connected to the programmable controller respectively.

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