A device for preventing spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries

Abstract

The application discloses a lithium battery self-ignition preventing device, which is applied to a lithium battery pack and has the structure that holders are arranged at both ends of lithium batteries of the lithium battery pack, explosion-proof pieces are arranged on the holders, the explosion-proof pieces are arranged between the lithium batteries of the lithium battery pack in a staggered mode, and fire retardants are arranged in the explosion-proof pieces. The explosion-proof pieces are used to actively put out the fire when the temperature of the lithium batteries reaches a certain limit and the lithium batteries are about to burn, so that the safety of the lithium battery pack during use is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, and in particular to a device for preventing spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are primary batteries. Due to the highly reactive chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage, and use of lithium metal require very strict environmental conditions. With the development of microelectronics technology, miniaturized devices are becoming more common, increasing the demands on power supplies. This has led to the large-scale practical application of lithium-ion batteries. However, during use, various factors such as short circuits, overcharging, overheating, overvoltage, and impacts can cause battery failure, easily leading to overheating, fire, or even explosion. Once a battery cell enters a thermal runaway state, it generates enough heat to cause adjacent cells to also enter a thermal runaway state. As each battery cell successively ruptures and releases its contents, a recurring flame is generated.

[0003] For example, a "highly stable lithium battery box capable of preventing spontaneous combustion" disclosed in Chinese patent literature, publication number CN110459704A, includes a box body, a positive terminal, a flame-retardant mechanism, a protective device, and several charging mechanisms. The charging mechanism includes a shell, connecting components, conductive posts, recesses, gaskets, and a base plate. The connecting components include a sliding unit, a fixing plate, a limiting block, and several springs. The flame-retardant mechanism includes a storage chamber, a reaction chamber, sealing paper, and a driving component. The driving component includes a motor, a lead screw, a sleeve, a connecting plate, and several pins. This highly stable lithium battery box, capable of preventing spontaneous combustion, connects various lithium-ion power batteries in series through the charging mechanism, improving battery stability. However, the structure of this highly stable lithium battery box is relatively complex, and its production cost is high, making it difficult to widely implement in products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome the problem of spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries in the prior art by providing a device to prevent spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries. In the event of spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries, the explosion-proof component is activated to extinguish the fire and ensure the safety of lithium batteries during use. At the same time, the device is made of relatively common materials, which reduces production costs and facilitates its widespread production and application.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A device for preventing spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries, applied to a lithium battery pack, comprising retainers disposed at both ends of the lithium batteries in the lithium battery pack, characterized in that explosion-proof components are inserted into the retainers, the explosion-proof components are interleaved between the lithium batteries in the lithium battery pack, and flame retardants are disposed inside the explosion-proof components.

[0007] The lithium battery pack is equipped with a device to prevent spontaneous combustion of the lithium batteries. This includes retainers at both ends of the lithium battery pack and explosion-proof components inserted into the retainers. The explosion-proof components are staggered between the lithium batteries in the lithium battery pack, ensuring that there is at least one explosion-proof component around each lithium battery. Flame retardant is placed inside the explosion-proof component. The explosion-proof component transfers the temperature of the lithium battery. When the lithium battery temperature reaches a critical point, the explosion-proof component softens or even ruptures, and the flame retardant leaks out from the explosion-proof component, coming into contact with the lithium battery, causing the lithium battery to fail and preventing spontaneous combustion, or extinguishing the flames in time in the event of spontaneous combustion.

[0008] Preferably, at least one explosion-proof component is provided around the lithium battery. Having at least one explosion-proof component around the lithium battery ensures its safety during use.

[0009] Preferably, the retainer is provided with a plurality of battery mounting slots, and a mounting platform is provided on one side of the retainer, with the mounting platforms evenly distributed around the battery mounting slots. The battery mounting slots on the retainer are used to securely mount the lithium battery. The mounting platforms on one side of the retainer are used to mount the explosion-proof components. Mounting platforms are provided around all four sides of the battery mounting slots to ensure that the battery comes into contact with the explosion-proof components on the mounting platforms during use.

[0010] Preferably, the mounting platform has a mounting hole, and the retainer has a through hole. The center of the through hole is the same as that of the mounting hole, and the inner diameter of the through hole is smaller than that of the mounting hole. In use, the explosion-proof component is inserted into the mounting hole, and the through hole on the retainer defines the installation position of the explosion-proof component.

[0011] Preferably, both ends of the lithium battery are inserted into the battery mounting slots of the two side holders. After installation, the lithium battery contacts the mounting platform. The two ends of the lithium battery are respectively positioned in the battery mounting slots of the holders, which determine the installation position of the lithium battery on the holders. After installation, the lithium battery contacts the mounting platform, which ensures that during installation, the holders are located at both ends of the lithium battery and will not move towards the middle of the lithium battery.

[0012] Preferably, the explosion-proof component has a connecting area, and an installation area is provided at one end of the connecting area. The installation area and the connecting area are cylindrical structures with different outer diameters. A sealed cavity is provided inside the explosion-proof component, and the flame retardant is disposed within the sealed cavity. The connecting area of ​​the explosion-proof component comes into contact with the lithium battery during use, and the installation area is used to install and fix the explosion-proof component. A sealed cavity is provided inside the explosion-proof component, and the flame retardant is disposed within the sealed cavity. During use, the contact between the connecting area and the lithium battery transfers the temperature of the lithium battery. When the temperature of the lithium battery reaches a certain limit, the explosion-proof component melts, and the flame retardant overflows, preventing the lithium battery from spontaneously combusting. Meanwhile, under normal operating conditions of the lithium battery, the explosion-proof component does not affect the normal use of the lithium battery.

[0013] Preferably, the length of the connection area is the same as the height of the lithium battery. The fact that the length of the connection area on the explosion-proof component is the same as the height of the lithium battery ensures that during installation, both ends of the connection area are respectively positioned within the retainers at both ends of the lithium battery. The retainers secure the explosion-proof component, preventing changes in its installation position on the retainers during use and ensuring its normal operation.

[0014] Preferably, the retainer has a through hole and a mounting hole, and the explosion-proof component has a connecting area and a mounting area, with the inner diameters of the through hole and the mounting hole respectively matching the outer diameters of the connecting area and the mounting area. In use, the connecting area end of the explosion-proof component is inserted into the through hole through the mounting hole on the retainer, while the mounting area of ​​the explosion-proof component is located within the mounting hole, thus achieving the installation and fixation of the explosion-proof component on the retainer.

[0015] Preferably, the melting point range of the explosion-proof component is 80-120℃. During use, when the temperature of the lithium battery reaches 80℃, the outer shell of the explosion-proof component begins to soften, and the temperature of the lithium battery continues to rise. When the temperature reaches 120℃, the outer shell of the explosion-proof component cracks, and the flame retardant inside the explosion-proof component spills out and comes into contact with the lithium battery, causing the lithium battery to fail, effectively preventing the lithium battery from burning and exploding.

[0016] Preferably, the explosion-proof component is made of PP material, and the flame retardant is water. Using water effectively prevents the combustion of lithium batteries; furthermore, water is less expensive, reducing the production cost of the explosion-proof component.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) by using explosion-proof parts, the fire is actively extinguished when the lithium battery temperature reaches a certain limit and is about to burn, thus ensuring the safety of the lithium battery pack during use; (2) the explosion-proof parts are made of PP material and the flame retardant is water, which are common materials, thus reducing the production cost of the explosion-proof parts. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is an exploded structural diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion-proof component structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the explosion-proof component of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cage structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in use of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Cage; 11. Battery mounting slot; 12. Mounting platform; 121. Mounting hole; 13. Through hole; 2. Explosion-proof component; 21. Mounting area; 22. Connection area; 3. Lithium battery. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] like Figure 1 The device shown includes a lithium battery pack, a retainer 1, and an explosion-proof component 2. The retainer 1 has several battery mounting slots 11 evenly distributed on it. Lithium batteries 3 are inserted into these slots at both ends, securing them in place. The installation distance between lithium batteries 3 is the same. The size of the retainer 1 can be adjusted to change the number of lithium batteries 3 required, depending on the application and the number of batteries needed. The explosion-proof component 2 is inserted into the space between four lithium batteries 3. A flame retardant is placed inside the explosion-proof component 2. During use, if the temperature of a lithium battery 3 becomes too high, causing ignition or impending ignition, the explosion-proof component 2 reaches its melting point, melts, and the explosion-proof fluid overflows, extinguishing the flames. This prevents the lithium batteries 3 from entering a thermal runaway state, which could lead to a chain reaction and increase the risk of fire.

[0026] like Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the explosion-proof component 2 includes an installation area 21 and a connection area. Both the installation area 21 and the connection area are cylindrical structures, and their outer diameters are different. A sealed cavity is provided inside the explosion-proof component 2, and a flame retardant is placed inside the sealed cavity. The explosion-proof component 2 is made of PP material, and its melting point range is 80-120℃. Water is used as the flame retardant inside the sealed cavity of the explosion-proof component 2. During use, when the lithium battery 3 heats up to 80℃, the explosion-proof component 2 begins to soften. When the lithium battery 3 continues to heat up to 120℃, the explosion-proof component 2 melts, and the water inside the sealed cavity overflows and comes into contact with the lithium battery 3. The lithium battery 3 becomes ineffective upon contact with water, thus lowering its temperature and preventing a fire. The explosion-proof component 2 is made of PP material, and the flame retardant is water; both materials are common and low-cost, facilitating widespread application.

[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, battery mounting slots 11 are evenly distributed on the retainer 1, and mounting platforms 12 are provided on one side of the retainer 1, with the mounting platforms 12 evenly distributed around the battery mounting slots 11. The shape of the battery mounting slots 11 matches the shape of the lithium battery 3, and is circular. The four battery mounting slots 11 are arranged in a rectangular pattern, and a mounting platform 12 is provided in the middle of the four battery mounting slots 11. Four mounting platforms 12 are evenly distributed around the battery mounting slots 11. The mounting platforms 12 have a rectangular structure, and the four corners of the mounting platforms 12 are rounded to avoid unnecessary damage or injury during use due to their sharpness. Mounting holes 121 are provided on the mounting platform 12, and a pupil is provided on the retainer 1. The centers of mounting holes 121 and through holes 13 are on the same straight line. During use, mounting holes 121 cooperate with the mounting area 21 of the explosion-proof component 2 to fix the retainer 1 and the explosion-proof component 2. Through holes 13 cooperate with the connecting area 22 to position the retainer and the explosion-proof component 2. The inner diameter of the through hole 13 is smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting hole 121, which facilitates the installation and fixation of the explosion-proof component 2. Four battery mounting slots 11 are provided around the mounting platform 12, and connecting areas 22 are provided between the four battery mounting slots 11. Through holes 13 are provided on the connecting areas 22. The size of the mounting platform 12 is relatively larger than the connecting areas 22, so that the four corners of the mounting platform 12 are respectively set in the four adjacent battery mounting slots 11. Four corners of the mounting platform 12 are evenly provided on the battery mounting slots 11. The corners of the mounting platform 12 are used to fix the lithium battery 3.

[0028] The inner diameters of the through hole 13 and the mounting hole 121 on the retainer 1 match the inner diameters of the connection area and the mounting area 21 on the explosion-proof component 2, respectively, to ensure that the explosion-proof component 2 is inserted into the through hole 13 of the retainer 1 during use. At the same time, the mounting area 21 is set in the mounting hole 121. The difference in inner diameter between the through hole 13 and the mounting hole 121 limits the installation position of the explosion-proof component 2 on the retainer 1.

[0029] like Figure 5 As shown, a retainer 1 is provided at both ends of the lithium battery 3. The lithium battery 3 is placed in the battery mounting slot 11 of the retainer 1. At the same time, the mounting platforms 12 on the retainers 1 at both ends of the lithium battery 3 are located on the outer side. After installation, ensure that both ends of the lithium battery 3 are in contact with the mounting platforms 12. The mounting platform 12 covering the battery mounting slot 11 defines the installation position of the lithium battery 3 on the retainer 1. The retainers 1 on both sides are used to fix the lithium battery 3. An explosion-proof component 2 is inserted into the retainer 1. The connecting area 22 on the explosion-proof component 2 is inserted into the through hole 13 of the retainer 1. The mounting area 21 on the explosion-proof component 2 is located in the mounting hole 121 of one side of the retainer 1. The connecting area 22 is relatively long and is inserted from one side of the retainer 1 of the lithium battery 3 into the through hole 13 of the retainer 1 on the other side, ensuring that the position of the explosion-proof component 2 will not change during use. After installation, ensure that each lithium battery 3 is adjacent to at least one explosion-proof component 2. During use, the temperature of lithium battery 3 begins to rise, which can be sensed by the adjacent explosion-proof component 2. When the temperature of lithium battery 3 rises to 80°C, the adjacent explosion-proof component 2 begins to soften. When the temperature of lithium battery 3 rises to 120°C or begins to burn, the explosion-proof component 2 melts, and the water inside the explosion-proof component 2 overflows and comes into contact with lithium battery 3, causing lithium battery 3 to fail. At the same time, it lowers the temperature of lithium battery 3, preventing the lithium battery 3 from burning and the heat from being transferred to the surrounding lithium batteries 3, thus preventing a chain reaction and causing unnecessary losses and damage.

[0030] This device is applicable to lithium battery packs, but it can also be used to prevent spontaneous combustion of a single lithium battery 3, thus protecting the single lithium battery 3.

Claims

1. A device for preventing spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries, applied to a lithium battery pack, comprising a retainer (1) disposed at both ends of the lithium batteries in the lithium battery pack, characterized in that, An explosion-proof component (2) is inserted into the retainer (1). The explosion-proof component (2) is interleaved between the lithium batteries (3) of the lithium battery pack. A flame retardant is provided inside the explosion-proof component (2). At least one explosion-proof component (2) is provided around the lithium battery (3); The retainer (1) is provided with a plurality of battery mounting slots (11), and a mounting platform (12) is provided on one side of the retainer (1). Four mounting platforms (12) are evenly arranged around the battery mounting slots (11). The mounting platform (12) is a rectangular structure. The four corners of the mounting platform (12) are respectively located in four adjacent battery mounting slots (11). The four corners of the mounting platform (12) are evenly arranged on the battery mounting slots (11). The two ends of the lithium battery (3) are respectively inserted into the battery mounting slots (11) of the retainers (1) on both sides. After installation, the lithium battery (3) is in contact with the mounting platform (12). The mounting platform (12) is provided with a mounting hole (121), and the retainer (1) is provided with a through hole (13). The center of the through hole (13) is the same as that of the mounting hole (121), and the inner diameter of the through hole (13) is smaller than that of the mounting hole (121). The explosion-proof component (2) is provided with a connection area (22), and an installation area (21) is provided at one end of the connection area (22). The installation area (21) and the connection area (22) are cylindrical structures with different outer diameters. The explosion-proof component (2) is provided with a sealed cavity, and the flame retardant is provided in the sealed cavity. The inner diameters of the through hole (13) and the installation hole (121) are respectively matched with the outer diameters of the connection area (22) and the installation area (21).

2. The device for preventing spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the connection area (22) is the same as the height of the lithium battery (3).

3. The device for preventing spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The melting point range of the explosion-proof component (2) is 80-120℃.

4. The device for preventing spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The explosion-proof component (2) is made of PP material, and the flame retardant is water.

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