Semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a three-dimensional semicircular canal plane rotation indicator and a construction method thereof. The semicircular canal plane three-dimensional rotation indicator comprises a base and three extension tubes disposed on the base, each of which is oriented in accordance with the normal vector of the semicircular canal plane. The first extension tube extends linearly from the center of the base in the direction of the plane normal vector of the lateral semicircular canal, the second extension tube extends linearly from the center of the base in the direction of the plane normal vector of the posterior semicircular canal, and the third extension tube extends linearly from the center of the base in the direction of the plane normal vector of the superior semicircular canal. The indicator calibrates the spatial coordinate system via the base and utilizes the extension tubes on the base to form the normal vector of the semicircular canal plane as a directional guide. The indicator has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and is convenient and easy to operate.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of human head skill training, in particular to a semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator and a construction method thereof. [Background Technology]

[0002] The spatial orientation of each semicircular canal, that is, its position and orientation in three-dimensional space, is crucial for vestibular function assessment and the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV. Because the semicircular canals are located deep within the temporal bone and their complex and delicate structure makes direct observation and measurement difficult, and the establishment of a spatial coordinate system is also required, resulting in limited research on their spatial orientation. Research on semicircular canal function requires not only an understanding of their anatomical morphology but also their position and orientation in three-dimensional space. Previous studies of semicircular canal anatomy, typically conducted on cadavers, were often limited to anatomical morphology, resulting in insufficient research on their spatial orientation. Recent advances in medical imaging have made it possible to obtain the semicircular canals through temporal bone image segmentation data to study their anatomical morphology and spatial orientation. Measuring the spatial orientation of the semicircular canals requires establishing a spatial coordinate system, of which calibration is particularly crucial. Existing methods for determining the spatial orientation of the semicircular canals primarily rely on various head-mounted models. However, these models are often large and heavy, expensive, inconvenient to wear, difficult to secure, and prone to positional shifts during operation. [Summary of the invention]

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a three-dimensional spatial rotation indicator for the semicircular canal plane and a construction method thereof. The indicator calibrates the spatial coordinate system through a base, and utilizes an extension tube on the base to form a normal vector of the semicircular canal plane as a direction guide. It has a simple structure, low production cost, and is easy to operate and use.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator, comprising a base and three semicircular canal plane normal vector extension tubes arranged on the base, wherein the first extension tube extends linearly from the center of the base to the plane normal vector direction of the lateral semicircular canal, the second extension tube extends linearly from the center of the base to the plane normal vector direction of the posterior semicircular canal, and the third extension tube extends linearly from the center of the base to the plane normal vector direction of the upper semicircular canal.

[0005] Preferably,

[0006] The base is a hemisphere, the inner side of which is a plane and the outer side is a spherical surface.

[0007] Preferably,

[0008] A cross axis is marked on the inner side surface for calibrating the spatial coordinate system of the base.

[0009] Preferably,

[0010] A clamping structure is provided on the inner side surface, and the clamping structure is a cross-shaped clamping groove.

[0011] Preferably,

[0012] An isosceles right-angled triangular prism or a level is detachably arranged in the base.

[0013] Preferably,

[0014] The extension tube is a linear laser tube, one end of which is inserted into the hole-shaped recess on the base, and the other end emits laser.

[0015] Preferably,

[0016] The extension tube is a linear shrink tube, one end of which is protruding and fixed on the base, and the other end is a stretching end, through which the extension tube is extended or shortened in a linear direction.

[0017] Preferably,

[0018] The extension tube is a laser emitter on the base, used for emitting linear laser.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for constructing a three-dimensional rotation indicator in the semicircular canal plane, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Calibrate the spatial coordinate system of the base so that the section plane where the bottom edge of the base is located is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the medial side is parallel to the sagittal plane;

[0021] Calculate the normal vectors of the lateral semicircular canal, posterior semicircular canal and superior semicircular canal in the spatial coordinate system respectively;

[0022] The linear extension direction of each extension tube on the base is determined according to the calculated normal vector.

[0023] Preferably,

[0024] The step of calibrating the spatial coordinate system of the base specifically includes:

[0025] Constructing an isosceles right triangular prism frame within the base, aligning the side surface of the isosceles right triangular prism with the sagittal plane, and making the bottom surface of the isosceles right triangular prism parallel to the horizontal plane; or

[0026] The bottom edge position and the medial side angle of the base are adjusted using two mutually perpendicular levels so that the section plane where the bottom edge of the base is located is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the medial side is parallel to the sagittal plane.

[0027] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0028] The semicircular canal plane three-dimensional spatial rotation indicator of the present invention is composed of a base and an extension tube on the base. Compared with the existing semicircular canal model, the present invention calibrates the spatial coordinate system through the base and uses the extension tube on the base to form the normal vector of the semicircular canal plane as a direction guide, making the device lighter, simpler in structure, low in production cost, and convenient to operate and use.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the existing technical solutions, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0030] Attachment Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Attachment Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the inner side of a semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Attachment Figure 3 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for constructing a three-dimensional rotation indicator for the semicircular canal plane provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] The reference numerals and components in the drawings are as follows:

[0034] 1. Base, 11. Inner side, 12. Outer side, 13. Cross-shaped slot, 21. First extension tube, 22. Second extension tube, 23. Third extension tube. [Specific implementation method]

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The invention discloses a three-dimensional semicircular canal plane rotation indicator and a construction method thereof, which are mainly used for analyzing the spatial posture of the human inner ear. The indicator is a device for guiding operation designed based on a mathematical model of the human semicircular canal spatial posture. The principle underlying the invention is that a plane formed by the top of the semicircular canal main canal and the bottom of the eyeball is parallel to the Frankfurt plane, which makes it possible to establish a spatial coordinate system using the semicircular canals and the eyeball. The method for constructing a standard spatial coordinate system based on this is as follows: first, an initial semicircular canal fundus plane is established, the lowest point of the eyeball coordinates (with the minimum Z value) is taken, and the plane is formed with the top of the main canals on both sides, and the plane equation is calculated. Then, the semicircular canal-eyeball plane is adjusted, and by analyzing the distance formula from each point of the eyeball to the plane, the coordinates of the maximum point of each point in the plane equation are taken as the lowest point of the eyeball in the standard coordinate system. The semicircular canal fundus plane and the top of the main canals on both sides form the semicircular canal fundus plane. The semicircular canal fundus plane, as the cross section of the standard spatial coordinate system, is parallel to the horizontal plane in the natural horizontal position, and its normal vector is the Z axis. The semicircular canals are bilaterally symmetrical. The line connecting the tops of the two canals is chosen as the X-axis, and the Y-axis is further determined as the cross product of the X and Z axes. Based on the standard spatial coordinate system constructed above, the angle between the semicircular canal plane and the coordinate plane can be used to construct the unit vector of the plane normal. Its coordinate value is the cosine value of the azimuth angle. This allows us to establish a mathematical model of the spatial posture of the human semicircular canals, understanding their position and orientation in three-dimensional space.

[0037] Since the spatial orientation of the human semicircular canals varies from person to person, in order to make the established mathematical model of the human semicircular canal spatial posture representative, it is necessary to understand the average value of the semicircular canal spatial orientation.

[0038] Traditionally, the spatial orientation of the semicircular canals is measured by calculating the angle between each semicircular canal plane and the coordinate plane. This method of averaging the angles of the semicircular canal plane's normal vectors is unscientific.

[0039] The unit normal vectors of the semicircular canal planes are three-dimensional vectors. Their mean is calculated by taking the mean of the direction cosines, that is, summing the unit normal vectors of each semicircular canal plane to obtain the unit normal vector. The mathematical model of human semicircular canal spatial orientation established in this way accurately describes the spatial orientation of the semicircular canals in humans.

[0040] The indicator of the present invention visualizes the plane normal vector of the semicircular canal, can guide the spatial rotation of the semicircular canal, and becomes a portable device for assisting diagnosis and treatment operations.

[0041] Refer to the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2The semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator of the present invention includes a base 1 and three extension tubes of the semicircular canal plane normal vectors arranged on the base 1, wherein the first extension tube 21 extends linearly from the center of the base 1 to the plane normal vector direction of the lateral semicircular canal, the second extension tube 22 extends linearly from the center of the base to the plane normal vector direction of the posterior semicircular canal, and the third extension tube 23 extends linearly from the center of the base to the plane normal vector direction of the upper semicircular canal. The base 1 and the extension tubes on the base 1 make it convenient to observe the spatial position changes of the semicircular canals, and the rotation operation can also be performed under the guidance of the extension tubes. Compared with the semicircular canal model in the prior art, the present invention has a simple structure, clear and accurate operation instructions, and is easy to use.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the base 1 of the semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator of the present invention is a hemisphere, the inner side 11 of which is a plane, and the outer side 12 is a spherical surface. During use, the inner side 11 remains parallel to the sagittal plane, and the outer side 12 extends an extension tube in a direction away from the base 1, and each extension tube is calibrated to point to the plane normal vector direction of a semicircular canal through the spatial coordinate system. In order to be able to quickly and accurately complete the calibration of the spatial coordinate system during use, a cross axis is marked on the inner side 11 of the base 1, which is used to calibrate the spatial coordinate system of the base 1, specifically, the horizontal axis of the cross axis is kept parallel to the cross section, and the vertical axis of the cross axis is kept parallel to the sagittal plane. Further, referring to the attached Figure 2As shown, a snap-fit structure is provided on the inner side surface 11, and the snap-fit structure is a cross-shaped snap-fit groove 13. The spatial coordinate system is calibrated through the cross-shaped snap-fit groove 13, and the base 1 can be fixed at the same time. In this case, the base 1 can be a structure formed by the inner side surface 11 and the outer side surface 12 being snapped together. After the spatial coordinate system is calibrated through the cross-shaped snap-fit groove 13 on the inner side surface 11, the outer side surface 12 is snapped together with the inner side surface 11 according to the normal vector of each semicircular canal. The method of calibrating the spatial coordinate system using the above-mentioned cross-shaped snap-fit groove 13 includes at least two types of detachable isosceles right triangular prisms and spirit levels provided in the base 1. The method for calibrating the spatial coordinate system using an isosceles right triangular prism is as follows: the isosceles right triangular prism is inserted into the base 1 through the cross-shaped slot 13, at this time, the inner side 11 of the base 1 is the bottom surface of the isosceles right triangular prism, and the side surface where the hypotenuse of the isosceles right triangular prism is located is used as the calibration surface. During the calibration process, the bottom surface is made parallel to the cross section, and the side surface is parallel to the sagittal plane, thus completing the calibration of the spatial coordinate system. The method for calibrating the spatial coordinate system using an isosceles level is as follows: two mutually perpendicular levels are inserted into the base 1 through the cross-shaped slot 13, during the calibration process, one of the levels is made parallel to the cross section, and the other level is made parallel to the sagittal plane, thus completing the calibration of the spatial coordinate system. After completing the calibration of the spatial coordinate system, the extension direction and angle of each extension tube on the base 1 away from the outer side surface 12 are determined according to the normal vector of each semicircular canal.

[0043] The extension tube of the present invention has one end fixed to the base and the other end extending in the direction of the semicircular canal plane normal vector. The extension tube allows for monitoring of diagnostic and treatment operations. In one embodiment, the outer surface 12 of the base 1 of the semicircular canal plane three-dimensional rotation indicator of the present invention includes corresponding hole-like depressions corresponding to the plane normal vectors of each semicircular canal. In this case, the extension tube is a linear laser tube, one end of which is inserted into the hole-like depression on the base 1 and the other end emits laser light.

[0044] In another embodiment, three extension tubes are fixed on the outer surface 12 of the base 1 of the semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator of the present invention according to the plane normal vector of each semicircular canal. The extension tubes are linear contraction tubes, one end of which is protruding and fixed on the base 1, and the other end is a stretching end, and the extension tubes are extended or shortened in a linear direction through the stretching end.

[0045] In another embodiment, three extension tubes are fixedly installed at corresponding positions on the outer surface 12 of the base 1 of the semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator of the present invention according to the plane normal vector of each semicircular canal. The extension tubes are laser emitters for emitting linear lasers.

[0046] Refer to the attached Figure 3 The method for constructing the semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0047] The spatial coordinate system of the base is calibrated so that the section where the bottom edge of the base is located is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the inner side surface is parallel to the sagittal plane. Through this step, a standard spatial coordinate system is formed on the base. Specifically, the spatial coordinate system of the base can be calibrated using an isosceles right triangular prism or a level meter to assist in calibration. An isosceles right triangular prism frame is constructed in the base so that the side surface where the hypotenuse of the isosceles right triangular prism is located is aligned with the sagittal plane, and the bottom surface of the isosceles right triangular prism is parallel to the horizontal plane. At this time, the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis of the spatial coordinate system are determined respectively according to the edges of the isosceles right triangular prism. When using a level meter to assist in calibration, two mutually perpendicular levels are used to adjust the bottom edge position and the inner side angle of the base so that the section where the bottom edge of the base is located is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the inner side surface is parallel to the sagittal plane.

[0048] Calculate the normal vectors of the lateral semicircular canal, the posterior semicircular canal and the superior semicircular canal in the spatial coordinate system respectively; determine the angle between each extension tube on the base and the axes of the spatial coordinate system determined by the base based on the calculated normal vectors, and finally determine the linear extension direction of the extension tube.

[0049] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements and supplements without departing from the method of the present invention. These improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base and three extension tubes arranged on the base in the direction of the plane normal vector of the semicircular canal, wherein the first extension tube extends linearly from the center of the base in the direction of the plane normal vector of the lateral semicircular canal, the second extension tube extends linearly from the center of the base in the direction of the plane normal vector of the posterior semicircular canal, and the third extension tube extends linearly from the center of the base in the direction of the plane normal vector of the superior semicircular canal; The extension tube is a linear laser tube, one end of which is inserted into the hole-shaped depression on the base, and the other end emits laser; Alternatively, the extension tube is a linear shrink tube, one end of which is fixed to the base with a protrusion, and the other end is a stretching end, through which the extension tube is extended or shortened in a linear direction; Or the extension tube is a laser emitter on the base, used for emitting linear laser.

2. The semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base is a hemisphere, the inner side of which is a plane and the outer side is a spherical surface.

3. The semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cross axis is marked on the inner side surface for calibrating the spatial coordinate system of the base.

4. The semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator according to claim 2, characterized in that: A clamping structure is provided on the inner side surface, and the clamping structure is a cross-shaped clamping groove.

5. The semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator according to claim 4, characterized in that: An isosceles right-angled triangular prism or a level is detachably arranged in the base.

6. A method for constructing a semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Calibrate the spatial coordinate system of the base so that the section plane where the bottom edge of the base is located is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the medial side is parallel to the sagittal plane; Calculate the normal vectors of the lateral semicircular canal, posterior semicircular canal and superior semicircular canal in the spatial coordinate system respectively; The linear extension direction of each extension tube on the base is determined according to the calculated normal vector.

7. The method for constructing the semicircular canal plane three-dimensional space rotation indicator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of calibrating the spatial coordinate system of the base specifically includes: Constructing an isosceles right triangular prism frame within the base, aligning the side surface of the isosceles right triangular prism with the sagittal plane, and making the bottom surface of the isosceles right triangular prism parallel to the horizontal plane; or The bottom edge position and the medial side angle of the base are adjusted using two mutually perpendicular levels so that the section plane where the bottom edge of the base is located is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the medial side is parallel to the sagittal plane.

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